Except as provided in § 108.109, each unit must meet the structural standards of the American Bureau of Shipping's Rules for Building and Classing Offshore Mobile Drilling Units, 1978.

(a) Appliances to ensure watertight integrity include watertight doors, hatches, scuttles, bolted manhole covers, or other watertight closures for openings in watertight decks and bulkheads.

(b) Appliances to ensure weathertight integrity include weathertight doors and hatches, closures for air pipes, ventilators, ventilation intakes and outlets, and closures for other openings in deckhouses and superstructures.

(c) Each internal opening fixed with appliances to ensure watertight integrity which are used intermittently during operation of the unit while afloat must meet the following:

(1) Each door, hatch, and scuttle must—

(i) Be remotely controlled from a normally manned control station, and be operable locally from both sides of the bulkhead; or

(ii) If there is no means of remote control there must be an alarm system which signals whether the appliance is open or closed both locally at each appliance and in a normally manned control station.

(2) Each closing appliance must remain watertight under the design water pressure of the watertight boundary of which it is a part.

(d) Each external opening fitted with an appliance to ensure weathertight integrity must be located so that it would not be submerged below the final equilibrium waterline if the unit is subjected simultaneously to—

(1) Damage causing flooding described in § 174.075 through § 174.085 of this chapter; and

(2) A wind heeling moment calculated in accordance with § 174.055 of this chapter using a wind velocity of 50 knots (25.8 meters per second).

Each internal combustion engine exhaust, boiler and galley uptake, and similar heat source must be separated or insulated from combustible materials.

Each oil and paint locker must be made of steel or an equivalent material or be completely lined with steel or an equivalent material as described in § 108.131(c) of this subpart.

(a) Standard Fire Test means the test in which specimens of the relevant bulkheads or decks, having a surface of approximately 4.65 square meters (50 square feet) and a height of 2.44 meters (8 feet) resembling as closely as possible the intended construction and including, where appropriate, at least one joint, are exposed in a test furnace to a series of temperature relationships approximately as follows:

(1) At the end of 5 minutes—538°C. (1,000°F.)

(2) At the end of 10 minutes—704°C. (1,300°F.)

(3) At the end of 30 minutes—843°C. (1,550°F.)

(4) At the end of 60 minutes—927°C. (1,700°F.).

(b) Bulkheads and decks are defined and classed as follows:

(1) A class bulkhead or deck means a bulkhead or deck that—

(i) Is made of steel or other equivalent material; and

(ii) Prevents the passage of flame and smoke for 60 minutes if subjected to the standard fire test.

(2) A 60 bulkhead or deck means an A class bulkhead or deck that—

(i) Is insulated with approved insulation, bulkhead panels, or deck covering;

(ii) If subjected to the standard fire test for 60 minutes, has an average temperature rise on the unexposed side of the insulated bulkhead or deck of less than 139°C. (250°F.) above the temperature before the standard fire test and has a temperature rise at any point on the unexposed surface, including any joint, of less than 180°C. (325°F.) above the temperature before the standard fire test.

(3) B class bulkhead or deck means a bulkhead or deck that—

(i) Is made of approved noncombustible material;

(ii) Prevents flame from passing through it for 30 minutes if subjected to the standard fire test.

(4) C class bulkhead or deck means a bulkhead or deck made of approved noncombustible material.

(c) Equivalent material means a material that by itself or with insulation has smoke and fire retardant properties equal to that of the steel required for “A” or “B” class bulkheads or decks and has structural qualities equivalent to steel at the end of the applicable fire exposure.

(d) Approved material means a material approved under one of the following subparts of Subchapter Q of this chapter:

(1) Deck coverings, Subpart 164.006.

(2) Structural insulation, Subpart 164.007.

(3) Bulkhead panel, Subpart 164.008.

(4) Noncombustible materials, Subpart 164.009;

(5) Interior finishes, Subpart 164.012.

(e) Stairtower means a stairway that penetrates more than one deck within the same enclosure, or two or more stairways that—

(1) Are arranged vertically one above the other; or

(2) Penetrate both the deck and the overhead within the same enclosure.

(f) Accommodation space includes, sleeping, mess, hospital, recreational, toilet, washing and shower spaces, and corridors.

Each boundary bulkhead and deck of each galley, each combination galley and messroom, and each combustible material storage locker must be an A class bulkhead and A class deck respectively.

Each boundary bulkhead and deck that separates an accommodation space or control station from the following must be an A class bulkhead and A class deck respectively—

(a) Machinery space;

(b) Galley or combination galley and messroom;

(c) Main pantry;

(d) Classified space;

(e) Store room.

Each boundary bulkhead and deck of a space containing an emergency electric power source or components of an emergency electric power source must be an A class bulkhead and A class deck respectively. When separate but adjoining spaces are provided for such equipment, boundary bulkhead type construction is not required for the separating partitions common to each space.

Each boundary bulkhead and deck of a space containing an emergency electric power source or components of an emergency electric power source that adjoins a space containing a ship's service generator, the components of a ship's service generator, or a classified space must be an A-60 bulkhead and A-60 deck.

(a) Each corridor bulkhead in an accommodation space must be an A class or B class bulkhead except if an A class bulkhead is specifically required by this part.

(b) No door in a corridor bulkhead in an accommodation space may have a louver, except that a stateroom, lounge, or recreation room door may have louvers in its lower half.

(c) Each stairtower, elevator, and dumbwaiter, and other trunk must be enclosed by A class bulkheads.

(d) Each bulkhead not described under paragraph (a) of this section must be either A class, B class, or C class bulkheads.

(e) At least one opening to each stairway must be enclosed by either A class or B class bulkheads and doors.

(f) Each stairtower must have doors at all levels and each must be an A class door.

(g) Each door required by paragraphs (e) and (f) of this section—

(1) Must be self-closing;

(2) May not have any means to permanently hold the door open, except for magnetic holdbacks that are operated from the bridge or other remote location.

(h) Interior stairs, including stringers and treads, must be made of steel or an equivalent material.

(i) Except in washrooms and toilet spaces, each deck covering in an accommodation space must be made of an approved material, except an overlay on a deck for leveling or finishing that is not more than 9.375 millimeters (3/8 inch) thick.

(j) Except as provided in paragraph (1), each ceiling, lining, insulation, and pipe and duct lagging in an accommodation space must be made of an approved material that is noncombustible.

(k) Each sheathing, furring, or holding piece used to secure a bulkhead, ceiling, lining, or insulation in an accommodation space must be made of an approved material that is non-combustible.

(l) No bulkhead, lining, or ceiling in an accommodation space may have a combustible veneer greater than 2 millimeters (1/12 inch) in thickness.

(m) Each corridor or hidden space in an accommodation space may be covered by an approved interior finish or a reasonable number of coats of paint. However, no corridor or hidden space may have combustible veneer, trim, or decoration except material approved under Subpart 164.012 of this chapter.

Each hatch, except a hatch between storage spaces and each tonnage opening closure, must be made of steel or an equivalent material of the same class as the bulkhead or deck where the opening occurs.

No nitrocellulose or other highly flammable or noxious fume-producing paint or lacquer may be used on a unit.

(a) Each of the following must have at least 2 means of escape:

(1) Each accommodation space with a deck area of at least 27 sq. meters (300 sq. ft.).

(2) Each space, other than an accommodation space, that is continuously manned or used on a regular working basis except for routine security checks.

(3) Weather deck areas where personnel may be normally employed.

(b) When two means of escape are required from a space below the main deck, one the means of escape must provide for a rapid escape through openings that are not required to be watertight by damage stability considerations.

(c) When two means of escape are required from a space above the main deck, one of the means of escape must provide for a rapid escape to a weather deck.

The required two means of escape must be through exits that minimize the possibility of having both exits blocked if a fire or other casualty occurs in the area.

A required means of escape may not be a vertical ladder or deck scuttle, except that one of the means of escape may be a vertical ladder or deck scuttle if a stairway would be impracticable.

No door to the required means of escape may be designed to lock except—

(a) A crash door or a door that has a locking device that can be easily forced, if on both sides of the door a permanent and easily seen instruction is placed; or

(b) An outside door to a deckhouse if the door can be locked by key only and if the master or person in charge has control of the key to the door's lock.

Each stairway, except a stairway in a machinery or storage space, and each exterior inclined ladder must be at least 70 centimeters (28 inches) wide with an angle of inclination from the horizontal of not more than 50 degrees, except that special consideration may be given to the installation if a 70 centimeters (28 inch) width is impracticable.

(a) Each vertical ladder must have rungs that are—

(1) At least 41 centimeters (16 inches) in length;

(2) Not more than 30 centimeters (12 inches) apart, uniform for the length of the ladder; and

(3) At least 18 centimeters (7 inches) from the nearest permanent object in back of the ladder.

(b) Except when unavoidable obstructions are encountered, there must be at least 11.5 centimeters (41/2 inches) clearance above each rung.

(c) Except as provided in § 108.525(e), each exterior vertical ladder more than 6 meters (20 ft.) in length must be fitted with a cage or ladder safety device meeting ANSI Standard 14.3 (1974) for fixed ladders.

(d) No vertical fixed ladders may be made of wood.

Each unit must be designed to provide direct access to the lifeboat and liferaft embarkation areas.

Each unit must have at least one permanent, inclined ladder between each weather deck.

(a) Classified locations are those in which flammable hydrocarbon gas or vapors, resulting from the drilling operations, may be present in quantities sufficient to produce an explosive or ignitable mixture. Location of these areas affect the design of the units’ machinery, electrical, and ventilation systems. (See Notes 1 and 2).

(b) For the purpose of this subpart “semi-enclosed location” means a location where natural conditions of ventilation are notably different from those on open decks due to the presence of structures such as roofs, windbreaks, or bulkheads.

The following are Class I, Division 1 locations:

(a) An enclosed space that contains any part of the mud circulating system that has an opening into the space and is between the well and final degassing discharge.

(b) An enclosed or semi-enclosed location that is below the drill floor, and contains a possible source of gas release.

(c) An enclosed space that is on the drill floor, and is not separated by a solid, gas-light floor from the spaces specified in paragraph (b) of this section.

(d) A space that would normally be considered a Division 2 location under § 108.173 but where combustible or flammable gases might accumulate.

(e) A location in the weather, or a semi-enclosed location, except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section that is within 1.5 m (5 ft.) of the boundary of any—

(1) Equipment or opening specified in paragraph (a) of this section;

(2) Ventilation outlet, access, or other opening to a Class I, Division 1 space; or

(3) Gas vent outlet.

(f) Except as provided in § 108.175, an enclosed space that has an opening into a Class I, Division 1 location.

The following are Class I, Division 2 locations:

(a) An enclosed space that has any open portion of the mud circulating system from the final degassing discharge to the mud suction connection at the mud pit.

(b) A location in the weather that is—

(1) Within the boundaries of the drilling derrick up to a height of 3 m (10 ft.) above the drill floor;

(2) Below the drill floor and within a radius of 3 m (10 ft.) of a possible source of gas release; or

(3) Within 1.5 m (5 ft.) of the boundaries of any ventilation outlet, access, or other opening to a Class I, Division 2 space.

(c) A location that is—

(1) Within 1.5 m (5 ft.) of a semi-enclosed Class I, Division 1 location indicated in § 108.171(b); or

(2) Within 1.5 m (5 ft.) of a Class I, Division 1 space indicated in § 108.171(e).

(d) A semi-enclosed area that is below and contiguous with the drill floor to the boundaries of the derrick or to the extent of any enclosure which is liable to trap gasses.

(e) A semi-enclosed derrick to the extent of its enclosure above the drill floor or to a height of 3 m (10 ft.) above the drill floor, whichever is greater.

(f) Except as provided in § 108.175 an enclosed space that has an opening into a Class I, Division 2 location.

An enclosed space that has direct access to a Division 1 or Division 2 location is the same division as that location, except—

(a) An enclosed space that has direct access to a Division 1 location is not a hazardous location if—

(1) The access has self-closing gas-tight doors that form an air lock;

(2) The ventilation causes greater pressure in the space than in the Division 1 location; and

(3) Loss of ventilation overpressure activates an alarm at a manned station;

(b) An enclosed space that has direct access to a Division 1 location can be considered as a Division 2 location if—

(1) The access has a self-closing, gas-tight door that opens into the space and that has no hold-back device;

(2) Ventilation causes the air to flow with the door open from the space into the Division 1 location; and

(3) Loss of ventilation activates an alarm at a manned control station; and

(c) An enclosed space that has direct access to a Division 2 location is not a hazardous location if—

(1) The access has a self-closing, gas-tight door that opens into the space and that has no hold-back device;

(2) Ventilation causes the air to flow with the door open from the space into the Division 2 location; and

(3) Loss of ventilation activates an alarm at a manned control station.

Electrical equipment and devices installed in spaces made non-hazardous by the methods indicated in § 108.175 must only be essential equipment.

(a) Each enclosed space must be vented or ventilated.

(b) There must be a means to close each vent or ventilating system.

(c) Each fan in a ventilating system must have remote controls installed in accordance with part 111, subpart 111.103, of this chapter.

(d) There must be a means to close each doorway, ventilator, and annular space around each funnel or other opening to machinery, stowage, or working spaces. The means must be located outside the space.

(e) Each intake in a ventilating system must be located so as to prevent, as far as practicable, the intake of noxious fumes.

(a) The ventilation system for each enclosed classified location must be designed to maintain a pressure differential between the enclosed classified location and each non-classified location adjacent to the enclosed classified location, so as to prevent the discharge of ignitable gases into the non-classified adjacent locations.

(b) Each air intake must be outside of enclosed classified locations.

(c) Each unit must have alarms that are powered independently of the ventilation motor power and control circuitry and sound at a continuously manned station when—

(1) Gas is present in an enclosed classified location; or

(2) The ventilation system for the space is not working.

(d) Each ventilation system for enclosed classified locations must provide a complete change of air every five minutes.

Ventilation for brush type electric motors in classified locations must meet N.F.P.A. 496-1974 “Standard for Purged and Pressurized Enclosures for Electrical Equipment in Hazardous Locations”, except audible and visual alarms may be used if shutting down the motors may cause unsafe conditions.

(a) Each unit must have guardrails or bulwarks along the edge of the bridge, of each deck, and of each deck opening.

(b) Each guardrail and bulwark must extend at least one meter (39.37 inches) above the deck except where this height may interfere with the normal operation of the unit, a lesser height may be approved.

(c) Removable guardrails may be installed where operating conditions warrant their use.

(a) Except for exposed peripheries of a freeboard or superstructure deck, each guardrail must have at least two evenly spaced courses.

(b) At exposed peripheries of a freeboard or superstructure deck, each guardrail must have at least three courses not more than 38 centimeters (15 in.) apart with the lowest course not more than 23 centimeters (9 in.) above the deck.

(c) For a rounded gunwale, the guardrail must be at the edge of the flat of the deck.

Each unit must have a storm rail in the following locations:

(a) On each deckhouse side that is normally accessible.

(b) On each side of each passageway that is wider than 1.83 meters (6 feet).

(c) On at least one side of each passageway that is less than 1.83 meters (6 feet) wide.

Each unit must have hand covers, guards, or rails installed on all belts, gears, shafts, pulleys, sprockets, spindles, flywheels or other reciprocating, rotating or moving parts of machinery or equipment normally exposed to contact by personnel.

Sections 108.231 through 108.241 apply to each unit with a helicopter landing facility.

(a) Each helicopter deck must be designed to accommodate the loadings (static and dynamic) imposed by operation and stowage of helicopters intended to use the facility as well as environmental loadings (wind, wave, water, snow, etc.) anticipated for the unit.

(b) The adequacy of each helicopter deck for the loadings required in paragraph (a) of this section must be shown by design calculations. Where the placement of a load affects the suitability of a structural member, the load must be evaluated in the most unfavorable position for each member.

(c) The analysis required in paragraph (b) of this section must be based on the dead load of the structure, existing stresses in the deck when it is an integral part of a unit's structure, and each of the following loading conditions:

(1) Uniform distributed loading. A loading of 2kg/m2 (42 lb/ft2) applied to the helicopter deck area.

(2) Helicopter landing impact loading. The limit load established by the limit drop test in 14 CFR 29.725, or a load of not less than 75 percent of the helicopter maximum weight taken on a square area of 0.3×0.3 m (1 ft.×1 ft.) under each main landing gear unit applied anywhere on the helicopter deck area.

(3) Stowed helicopter loading. The helicopter maximum weight plus inertial forces from the helicopter due to anticipated unit motions, and applicable environmental loadings including wind loads.

(d) The landing area of each helicopter facility must—

(1) Have a non-skid surface;

(2) Have drainage facilities that prevent the collection of liquids and prevent liquids from spreading to or falling on other parts of the unit;

(3) Have recessed tie-down points; and

(4) Be free of projections, except that landing lights or other projections may be installed around the periphery of the landing deck provided they do not interfere with landing and take-off operations.

(e) The unprotected perimeter of each helicopter facility must have a safety net at least 1.5 meters (4.92 ft.) wide. The outer edge of the net must not extend more than 15 centimeters (6 in.) above the surface of the deck.

(f) Each helicopter facility must have both a main and an emergency access/egress route located as far apart from each other as practicable.

(a) Helicopter fuel storage tanks must be installed as far as practicable from—

(1) The landing area; and

(2) Each source of vapor ignition.

(b) Integral tanks must meet Subpart 58.50 of this Chapter.

(c) Marine portable fuel stowage tanks must meet Part 64 of this chapter.

(d) Each marine portable fuel stowage tank must have a means to contain fuel spills or leaks.

(a) Each nozzle must be a “deadman” type.

(b) Each hose must have a storage reel.

(c) Each hose must have a static grounding device.

(d) Each electric fuel transfer pump must have a control with a fuel transfer pump operation indicator light at the pump.

(e) There must be a fuel pump shut off at each of the access routes required by § 108.235(f).

(f) Each fuel transfer pump and each hose reel must have a means to contain fuel spills or leaks.

(g) Each hose must meet chapter 3 “Aircraft Fueling Hose” of National Fire Protection Association Standard for Aircraft Fuel Servicing (N.F.P.A. No. 407-1975).

(a) Each helicopter deck must—

(1) Have a wind direction indicator located in an unobstructed area readily visible to helicopter pilots approaching the deck;

(2) Be fitted around the perimeter with yellow and blue lights in alternate order, not more than 3 meters (10 ft.) apart; and

(3) Be marked with—

(i) The unit's identification;

(ii) A continuous line 40 centimeters (16 in.) wide on the perimeter; and

(iii) Aiming circles as may be appropriate considering deck configuration, helicopter type, and operational requirements.

(b) All markings must be in a contrasting color to the surface of the deck.

A fire main system must have at least two independently driven fire pumps that can each deliver water at a continuous pitot tube pressure of at least 3.5 kilograms per square centimeter (approximately 50 pounds per square inch) at least two fire hose nozzles that are connected to the highest two fire hydrants on the unit. Alternative designs that meet the pressure requirement of this paragraph will be considered for column stabilized and self elevating units.

(a) Each fire pump in a fire main system must have a relief valve on its discharge side that is set to relieve at 1.75 kilograms per square centimeter (approximately 25 pounds per square inch) in excess of the pump discharge pressure necessary to meet the pressure required in § 108.415 for the pump or 8.6 kilograms per square centimeters (approximately 125 pounds per square inch), whichever is greater. A relief valve may be omitted if the pump operating under shut off condition is not capable of developing the pressure described in § 108.415 plus 1.75 kilograms per square centimeter (25 pounds per square inch).

(b) Each fire pump in a fire main system must have a pressure gauge on its discharge side.

(c) Fire pumps may be used for other purposes. One of the required pumps must be kept available for use on the fire system at all times. If a fire pump is used in a system other than the fire main system, except for branch lines connected to the fire main for deck washing, each pipe connecting the other system must be connected to the pump discharge through a shut off valve at a manifold near the pump. If the fire pump exceeds the pressure in § 108.417(a), the pipe leading from the discharge manifold to other portions of the fire main system must have a reducing station and a pressure gauge in addition to the pressure gauge required by paragraph (b) of this section.

(d) If a fire pump has a reducing station, the relief valve required by paragraph (a) of this section for the pump and the additional pressure gauge required in paragraph (c) of this section must not be located on the discharge side of the reducing station.

(e) An oil line must not be connected to a fire pump.

The diameter of the fire main must be sufficient for the effective distribution of the maximum required discharge from two fire pumps operating simultaneously.

Each fire pump required by § 108.415, and the source of power, controls, sea connections for the fire pump, and booster pumps, if installed, must be installed in locations where, if a fire occurs in an enclosed space, all of the fire pumps on the unit are not made inoperative, except that if compliance with this requirement is impracticable, a gas type extinguishing system may be installed to protect at least one of the fire pumps, its source of power, and controls.

(a) A fire main system must have enough fire hydrants so that each accessible space may be sprayed with at least two spray patterns of water.

(b) In a main machinery space, except a shaft alley with no assigned space for stowage of combustibles, each spray pattern of water must be from one length of fire hose and each must be from a separate outlet. In all other spaces at least one spray pattern of water must be from one length of fire hose.

(c) No outlet on a fire hydrant may point above the horizontal.

(d) Each fire hydrant must have at least one spanner and at least one fire hose rack or reel.

(a) Each length of fire hose in a fire main system must be—

(1) Of 11/2 or 21/2 inch nominal hose size diameter;

(2) Of 50 foot nominal hose size length; and

(3) Lined commercial fire hose that meets Standard 19 of the Underwriters’ Laboratories, Inc., (1971 edition) or Federal Specification ZZ-H-451f.

(b) Fire station hydrant connections shall be brass, bronze, or other equivalent metal. Couplings shall either:

(1) Use National Standard fire hose coupling threads for the 11/2 inch (38 millimeter) and 21/2 inch (64 millimeter) hose sizes, i.e., 9 threads per inch for 11/2 inch hose, and 71/2 threads per inch for 21/2 inch hose; or

(2) Be a uniform design for each hose diameter throughout the vessel.

(c) Each nozzle for a firehose in a fire main system must be a combination solid stream and water spray firehose nozzle that is approve under subpart 162.027. Combination solid stream and water spray nozzles previously approved under subpart 162.027 of this chapter may be retained so long as they are maintained in good condition to the satisfaction of the Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection.

(d) A combination solid stream and water spray firehose nozzle previously approved under subpart 162.027 of this chapter, must have a low-velocity water spray applicator also previously approved under subpart 162.027 of this chapter when installed in—

(1) Machinery spaces containing oil fired boilers, internal combustion machinery or oil fuel units; and

(2) Helicopter decks.

A fire main system on a unit in international service must have—

(a) At least one international shore connection that meets ASTM F-1121.

(b) A cutoff valve and check valve for each connection; and

(c) Facilities available enabling the connection to be used on either side of the unit.

(a) Each pipe and fire hydrant in a fire main system must be installed to the extent practicable in locations that are not exposed to damage by materials that are moved on or onto the deck.

(b) Each part of the fire main system located on an exposed deck must either be protected against freezing or be fitted with cutout valves and drain valves to shut off and drain the entire exposed system in freezing weather.

Automatic Sprinkler Systems shall comply with NFPA 13-1996.

(a) Sections 108.431 through 108.457 apply to high pressure carbon dioxide fire extinguishing systems.

(b) Low pressure systems, that is, those in which the carbon dioxide is stored in liquid form at low temperature, must be approved by the Commandant.

(c) Each carbon dioxide system cylinder must be fabricated, tested, and marked in accordance with §§ 147.60 and 147.65 of this chapter.

Each CO2 system must have enough gas to meet the quantity requirements of § 108.439 for the space requiring the greatest amount of CO2.

(a) The minimum pipe size for the initial charge must meet table 108.441 and the discharge of the required amount of CO2 must be completed within 2 minutes.

(b) The minimum pipe size for the delayed discharge must be at least 1.25 centimeters (1/2 inch) standard pipe.

(c) The pipe used for the initial discharge must not be used for the delayed discharge, except systems having a volume of less than 57 cubic meters (2,000 cubic feet).

(a) The number of pounds of CO2 required to protect a space must be equal to the gross volume of the space divided by the appropriate factor from Table 108.439.

(b) If a machinery space includes a casing, the gross volume of the space may be calculated using the reductions allowed in 46 CFR 95.10-5(e).

(c) If fuel can drain from a space to an adjacent space or if two spaces are not entirely separate, the requirements for both spaces must be used to determine the amount of CO2 to be provided and the CO2 system must be arranged to discharge into both spaces simultaneously.

(a) The size of branch lines to spaces protected by a CO2 system must meet Table 108.441.

(b) Distribution piping within a space must be proportioned from the supply line to give proper distribution to the outlets without throttling.

(c) The number, type, and location of discharge outlets must distribute the CO2 uniformly throughout the space.

(d) The total area of all discharge outlets must be more than 35 percent and less than 85 percent of the nominal cylinder outlet area or the area of the supply pipe, whichever is smaller. The nominal cylinder outlet area in square centimeters is determined by multiplying the factor 0.0313 by the number of kilograms of CO2 required. (The nominal cylinder outlet area in square inches is determined by multiplying the factor 0.0022 by the number of pounds of CO2 required). The nominal cylinder outlet area must not be less than 71 square millimeters (0.110 square inches).

(e) A CO2 system must discharge at least 85 percent of the required amount within 2 minutes.

(a) At least one control for operating a CO2 system must be outside the space or spaces that the system protects and in a location that would be accessible if a fire occurred in any space that the system protects. Control valves must not be located in a protected space unless the CO2 cylinders are also in the protected space.

(b) A CO2 system that protects more than one space must have a manifold with a stop valve, the normal position of which is closed, that directs the flow of CO2 to each protected space.

(c) A CO2 system that protects only one space must have a stop valve installed between the cylinders and the discharge outlets in the system, except on a system that has a CO2 supply of 136 kilograms (300 pounds) or less.

(d) At least one of the control stations in a CO2 system that protects a machinery space must be as near as practicable to one of the main escapes from that space.

(e) All distribution valves and controls must be of an approved type.

(f) Each CO2 system that has a stop valve must have a remote control that operates only the stop valve and must have a separate remote control for releasing the required amount of CO2 into the space protected by the system.

(g) Each CO2 system that does not have a stop valve must be operated by a remote control that releases the required amount of CO2 into the space protected by the system.

(h) Remote controls to each space must be in an enclosure.

(i) Each system must have a manual control at its cylinders for releasing CO2 from the cylinders, except that if the system has pilot cylinders, a manual control is not required for other than pilot cylinders.

(j) If gas pressure is used to release CO2 from a system having more than 2 cylinders, the system must have at least 2 pilot cylinders to release the CO2 from the remaining cylinders.

(k) If the entrance to a space containing the CO2 supply or controls of a CO2 system has a lock, the space must have a key to the lock in a break-glass type box that is next to and visible from the entrance.

(a) Each CO2 system that has a supply of more than 136 kilograms (300 pounds) of CO2, except a system that protects a tank, must have an alarm that sounds for at least 20 seconds before the CO2 is released into the space.

(b) Each audible alarm for a CO2 system must have the CO2 supply for the system as its source of power and must be in a visible location in the spaces protected.

(a) Each pipe, valve, and fitting in a CO2 system must have a bursting pressure of at least 420 kilograms per square centimeter (6,000 pounds per square inch).

(b) All piping for a CO2 system of nominal size of 19.05 millimeters (3/4 inch) inside diameter or less must be at least Schedule 40 (standard weight) and all piping of nominal size over 19.05 millimeters (3/4 inch) inside diameter must be at least Schedule 80 (extra heavy).

(c) Each pipe, valve, and fitting made of ferrous materials in a CO2 system must be protected inside and outside from corrosion.

(d) Each CO2 system must have a pressure relief valve set to relieve between 168 and 196 kilograms per square centimeter (2,400 and 2,800 pounds per square inch) in the distribution manifold or other location that protects the piping when all branch line shut off valves are closed.

(e) The end of each branch line in a CO2 system must extend at least 50 millimeters (2 inches) beyond the last discharge outlet and be closed with a cap or plug.

(f) Piping, valves, and fittings in a CO2 system must be securely supported and protected from damage.

(g) Each CO2 system must have drains and dirt traps located where dirt or moisture can accumulate in the system.

(h) Discharge piping in a CO2 system may not be used for any other purpose except as part of a fire detection system.

(i) Piping in a CO2 system that passes through accommodation spaces must not have drains or other openings within these spaces.

(a) Each test prescribed in (b), (c), and (d) of this section must be performed upon completion of the piping installation.

(b) When tested with CO2 or other inert gas under a pressure of 70 kilograms per square centimeter (1000 pounds per square inch), with no additional gas introduced into the system, the leakage in the piping from the cylinders to the stop valves in the manifold must not allow a pressure drop of more than 10.5 kilograms per square centimeter (150 pounds per square inch) per minute for a 2 minute period.

(c) When tested with CO2 or other inert gas under a pressure of 42 kilograms per square centimeter (600 pounds per square inch), with no additional gas introduced into the system, the leakage in each branch line must not allow a pressure drop of more than 10.5 kilograms per square centimeter (150 pounds per square inch) per minute for a 2-minute period. The distribution piping must be capped within the protected space.

(d) Small independent systems protecting emergency generator rooms, lamp lockers and similar small spaces need not meet the tests prescribed in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section if they are tested by blowing out the piping with air at a pressure of at least 7 kilograms per square centimeter (100 pounds per square inch).

(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, each cylinder of a CO2 system must be outside each space protected by the system and in a location that would be accessible if a fire occurred in any space protected by the system.

(b) A CO2 system that has a CO2 supply of 136 kilograms (300 pounds) or less may have one or more cylinders in the space protected by the system if the space has a heat detection system to activate the system automatically in addition to the remote and manual controls required by this subpart.

(c) Each space that contains cylinders of a CO2 system must be ventilated and designed to prevent an ambient temperature of more than 54° C. (130° F.)

(d) Each cylinder in a CO2 system must be securely fastened, supported, protected from damage, in an accessible location, and capable of removal from that location.

(e) Each unit must have a means for weighing cylinders of a CO2 system.

(f) A cylinder in a CO2 system may not be mounted in a position that is inclined more than 30° from a vertical position, except that a cylinder having flexible or bent siphon tubes may be mounted in a position that is inclined up to 80° from the vertical. The bottom of each cylinder when mounted must be at least 5 centimeters (2 inches) from the deck.

(g) If a cylinder does not have a check valve on its independent cylinder discharge, it must have a plug or cap to close the outlet when the cylinder is moved.

Each discharge outlet must be of an approved type.

(a) Mechanical ventilation for spaces protected by a CO2 system must be designed to shut down automatically when the system is activated.

(b) Each space that is protected by a CO2 system and that has natural ventilation must have a means for closing that ventilation.

(c) Each space protected by a CO2 system must have the following means for closing the openings to the space from outside the space:

(1) Doors, shutters, or dampers for closing each opening in the lower portion of the space.

(2) Doors, shutters, dampers or temporary means such as canvas or other material normally on board a unit may be used for closing each opening in the upper portion of the space.

Each air tight or vapor tight space, such as a paint locker, that is protected by a CO2 system must have a means for releasing pressure that accumulates within the space if CO2 is discharged into the space.

Halogenated gas extinguishing systems may be installed if approved by the Commandant.

(a) A foam extinguishing system in a space must have enough outlets to spread a layer of foam of uniform thickness over the deck or bilge areas of the space.

(b) A foam extinguishing system in a space that has a boiler on a flat that is open to or can drain into a lower portion of the space must have enough outlets to spread a layer of foam of uniform thickness over the—

(1) Flat; and

(2) Deck or bilge areas of the space.

(c) A foam extinguishing system for a tank must have enough outlets to spread a layer of foam of uniform thickness over the surface of the liquid in the tank.

Each machinery flat in a space that has a foam extinguishing system must have coamings that are high enough to retain spilled oil and foam on the flat on all openings except deck drains.

(a) If the outlets of a protein foam extinguishing system are in a space, the foam rate at each outlet must be at least 6.52 liters per minute for each square meter (.16 gallons per minute for each square foot) of area covered by the systems.

(b) If the outlets of a protein foam extinguishing system are in a tank, the foam rate at each outlet must be at least 4.07 liters per minute for each square meter (.1 gallon per minute for each square foot) of liquid surface in the tank.

The water supply of a foam extinguishing system must not be the water supply of the fire main system on the unit unless when both systems are operated simultaneously—

(a) The water supply rate to the foam production equipment meets the requirements of this section; and

(b) Water supply rate to the fire hydrants required by § 108.415 of this subpart allows compliance with the pressure requirement in that section.

(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, each foam extinguishing system with outlets—

(1) In a tank must have enough foam producing material to discharge foam for at least 5 minutes at each outlet; and

(2) In a space must have enough foam producing material to discharge foam for at least 3 minutes at each outlet.

(b) If a foam system has outlets in more than one tank or space, the system need have only enough foam producing material to cover the largest space that the system covers or, if the liquid surface of a tank covered by the system is larger, the tank with the largest liquid surface.

Each water pump in a foam extinguishing system must be outside each machinery space in which the system has outlets and must not receive power from any of those spaces.

(a) Each foam agent, each tank for a foam agent, each discharge outlet, each control, and each valve for the operation of a foam extinguishing system must be approved by the Commandant.

(b) Each foam agent tank and each control and valve for the operation of a foam extinguishing system with outlets in a space must be outside the space and must not be in a space that may become inaccessible if a fire occurs in the space.

(c) Each control for a foam extinguishing system with outlets in a space must be near a main escape from the space.

Aqueous film forming foam systems may be installed if approved by the Commandant.

(a) Each pipe, valve, and fitting in a foam extinguishing system must meet the applicable requirements in Subchapter F of this chapter.

(b) Each pipe, valve, and fitting made of ferrous material must be protected inside and outside from corrosion.

(c) Each pipe, valve, and fitting must have support and protection from damage.

(d) Each foam extinguishing system must have enough—

(1) Dirt traps to prevent the accumulation of dirt in its pipes; and

(2) Drains to remove liquid from the system.

(e) Piping in a foam extinguishing system must be used only for discharging foam.

(a) If a fixed foam extinguishing system has outlets in a main machinery space, at least 2 fire hydrants, in addition to the fire hydrants required by § 108.423 of this subpart, must be installed outside the entrances to the space with each at a separate entrance.

(b) Each hydrant must have enough hose to spray any part of the space.

(c) Each hydrant must have a combination nozzle and applicator.

At least two of the accesses to the helicopter landing deck must each have a fire hydrant on the unit's fire main system located next to them.

(a) Each helicopter landing deck on which fueling operations are conducted must have a fire protection system that discharges protein foam or aqueous film forming foam.

(b) a system that only discharges foam must—

(1) Have enough foam agent to discharge foam continuously for at least 5 minutes at maximum discharge rate;

(2) Have at least the amount of foam agent needed to cover an area equivalent to the swept rotor area of the largest helicopter for which the deck is designed with foam at—

(i) If protein foam is used, 6.52 liters per minute for each square meter (.16 gallons per minute for each square foot) of area covered for five minutes;

(ii) If aqueous film forming foam is used, 4.07 liters per minute for each square meter (.1 gallons per minute for each square foot) of area covered for five minutes; and

(3) Be capable of discharging from each hose at 7 kilograms per square centimeter (100 pounds per square inch) pressure—

(i) A single foam stream at a rate of at least 340 liters (90 gallons) per minute; and

(ii) A foam spray at a rate of at least 190 liters (50 gallons) per minute.

(c) Each system must have operating controls at each of its hose locations, be protected from icing and freezing, and be capable of operation within 10 seconds after activation of its controls.

(d) Each system must have at least one hose at each of the two access routes required by § 108.235(f) of this part. Each hose must be reel mounted and long enough to cover any point on the helicopter deck. Each hose that discharges foam must have a nozzle that has foam stream, foam spray, and off positions.

(a) Each helicopter fueling facility must have a fire protection system that discharges one of the following agents in the amounts prescribed for the agents over the area of the fuel containment systems around marine portable tanks, fuel transfer pumps and fuel hose reels:

(1) Protein foam at the rate of 6.52 liters per minute for each square meter (.16 gallons per minute for each square foot) of area covered for five minutes.

(2) Aqueous film forming foam at the rate of 4.07 liters per minute for each square meter (.1 gallon per minute for each square foot) of area covered for five minutes.

(3) 22.5 kilograms (50 pounds) of dry chemical (B-V semi-portable) for each fueling facility of up to 27.87 square meters (300 square feet).

(b) If the fire protection system required by § 108.487 of this subpart is arranged so that it covers both a helicopter fueling facility and a landing deck, the system must have the quantity of agents required by this section in addition to the quantity required by § 108.487.

Each hand portable and semiportable fire extinguisher on a unit must be approved under Subpart 162.028 or 162.039 of this chapter.

(a) Each unit must have the hand portable and semiportable fire extinguishers prescribed in Table 108.495(a) of this subpart and installed in the locations prescribed in the table.

(b) Each portable and semi-portable fire extinguisher must be visible and readily accessible.

(c) The location, size, and number of each portable and semiportable fire extinguisher on a unit must be acceptable to the appropriate OCMI. The OCMI may require extinguishers in addition to those prescribed in Table 108.495(a) if he considers them necessary for fire protection on the unit.

(d) Each hand portable and semiportable fire extinguisher that has a nameplate which states that it is to be protected from freezing, must be located where freezing temperatures do not occur.

(a) Each unit must have enough spare charges for 50 percent of the hand portable fire extinguishers required under Table 108.495(a) of this subpart that are rechargeable by personnel on the unit.

(b) If a unit has extinguishers that cannot be recharged by personnel on unit, it must also have at least one spare extinguisher for each classification and variety of those extinguishers.

(a) The frame or support of each size III, IV, and V fire extinguisher required by Table 108.495(a), except a wheeled size V extinguisher provided for a helicopter landing deck, must be welded or otherwise permanently attached to a bulkhead or deck.

(b) If the following semiportable fire extinguishers have wheels, they must be securely stowed when not in use to prevent them from rolling out of control under heavy sea conditions:

(1) Each size V extinguisher required for a helicopter landing deck.

(2) Each size III, IV, and V extinguisher that is not required by Table 108.495(a).

Each unit must have at least 2 fireman's outfits. Each fireman's outfit on a unit must consist of—

(a) A pressure-demand, open-circuit, self-contained breathing apparatus, approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) and by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and having at a minimum a 30-minute air supply, a full facepiece, and a spare charge; but a self-contained compressed-air breathing apparatus previously approved by MSHA and NIOSH under part 160, subpart 160.011, of this chapter may continue in use as required equipment if it was part of the vessel's equipment on November 23, 1992, and as long as it is maintained in good condition to the satisfaction of the Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection;

(b) A Type II or Type III flashlight constructed and marked in accordance with ASTM F1014-1986.

(c) An oxygen and explosive meter with the Underwriter's Laboratories, Inc. label or the Factory Mutual label;

(d) A lifeline that—

(1) Is attached to a belt or a suitable harness;

(2) Is made of bronze wire rope, inherently corrosion resistant steel wire rope, or galvanized or tinned steel wire rope;

(3) Is made up of enough 15.2 meters (50 foot) or greater lengths of wire rope to permit use of the outfit in any location on the unit;

(4) Has each end fitted with a hook with a 16 millimeters (5/8 inch) throat opening for the keeper; and

(5) Has a minimum breaking strength of 680 kilograms (1,500 pounds).

(e) Boots and gloves that are made of rubber or other electrically non-conductive material;

(f) A helmet that meets the requirements in ANSI standard Z-89.1-1969; and

(g) Clothing that protects the skin from scalding steam and the heat of fire and that has a water resistant outer surface.

Each unit must have at least two fire axes.