The primary purpose of the awards program is to provide tangible evidence of public recognition for acts of valor and for exceptional service or achievement. Medals constitute one of the principal forms for such evidence; in the United States Army, medals are of the following categories:

(a) Military decorations are awarded on a restricted individual basis in recognition of and as a reward for heroic, extraordinary, outstanding, and meritorious acts, achievements, and services; and such visible evidence of recognition is cherished by recipients. Decorations are primarily intended to recognize acts, achievements, and services in time of war.

(b) The Good Conduct Medal is awarded in recognition of exemplary behavior, efficiency, and fidelity during enlisted status in active Federal military service.

(c) Service medals are awarded generally in recognition of honorable performance of duty during designated campaigns or conflicts. Award of decorations, and to a lesser degree, award of the Good Conduct Medal and of service medals, provide a potent incentive to greater effort, and are instrumental in building and maintaining morale.

The following definitions are furnished for clarity and uniformity in the determination and award of decorations:

(a) Above and beyond the call of duty. Exercise of a voluntary course of action, the omission of which would not justly subject the individual to censure for failure in the performance of duty. It usually includes the acceptance of existing danger or extraordinary responsibilities with praiseworthy fortitude and exemplary courage. In its highest degrees it involves the voluntary acceptance of additional danger and risk of life.

(b) Combat heroism. Act or acts of heroism by an individual engaged in:

(1) Actual conflict with an armed enemy, or

(2) Military operations which involve exposure to personal hazards, due to direct enemy action or the imminence of such action.

(c) Combat zone. The region where fighting is going on; the forward area of the theater of operations where combat troops are actively engaged. It extends from the front line to the front of the communications zone.

(d) Duty of great responsibility. Duty which, by virtue of the position held, carries the ultimate responsibility for the successful operation of a major command, activity, agency, installation, or project. The discharge of such duty must involve the acceptance and fulfillment of the obligation so as to greatly benefit the interests of the United States.

(e) Duty of responsibility. Duty, which by virtue of the positions held, carries a high degree of the responsibility for the successful operation of a major command, activity, agency, installation, or project, or which requires the exercise of judgment and decision affecting plans, policies, operations, or the lives and well being of others.

(f) Heroism. Specific acts of bravery or outstanding courage, or a closely related series of heroic acts performed within an exceptionally short period of time.

(g) In connection with military operations against an armed enemy. This phrase covers all military operations including combat, support, and supply which have a direct bearing on the outcome of an engagement or engagements against armed opposition. To perform duty or to accomplish an act of achievement in connection with military operations against an armed enemy, the individual must have been subjected either to personal hazard as a result of direct enemy action (or the imminence of such action) or must have had the conditions under which his duty or accomplishment took place complicated by enemy action or the imminence of enemy action.

(h) Key individual. A person who is occupying a position that is indispensable to an organization, activity, or project.

(i) Meritorious achievement. A praiseworthy accomplishment, with easily discernible beginning and end, carried through to completion. The length of time involved is not a consideration but speed of accomplishment may be a factor in determining the worth of the enterprise.

(j) Meritorious service. Praiseworthy execution of duties over a period of time. Service differs from achievement in that service concerns a period of time while achievement concerns an enterprise having a definite beginning and end but not necessarily connected with a specific period of time.

(k) Peacetime criteria. The criteria applied:

(1) In a period when the United States is not engaged in the prosecution of a formal declared war, or

(2) Outside a combat zone when the United States is engaged in military operations against an armed enemy, but is not prosecuting a formal declared war, except that in the communications zone, those individuals whose duties are in connection with military operations against an armed enemy may be considered under war criteria.

(l) Shall have distinguished himself or herself by. The person thus described must have, by praiseworthy accomplishment, set himself apart from his comrades or from other persons in the same or similar circumstances. Determination of this distinction requires careful consideration of exactly what is or was expected as the ordinary, routine, or customary behavior and accomplishment for individuals of like rank and experience for the circumstances involved.

(m) Wartime criteria. The criteria to be applied under the following conditions:

(1) During a period of formal, declared war and for 1 year after the cessation of hostilities, or

(2) During a period of military operations against an armed enemy and for 1 year after the cessation of hostilities. Only those individuals actually in the combat zone or those individuals in the communications zone whose duties involve direct control or support of combat operations, are to be considered under wartime criteria.

(n) Active Federal military service. The term “active Federal military service” means all periods of active duty and, except for service creditable for the Armed Forces Reserve Medal, excludes periods of active duty for training. Service as a cadet at the United States Military Academy is considered to be active duty.

(o) He, his, him. Include the terms “she” and “her,” as appropriate.

(p) Medal. A term used in either of two ways:

(1) To include the three categories of awards, namely: decorations, Good Conduct Medal, and service medals; or

(2) To refer to the distinctive physical device of metal and ribbon which constitutes the tangible evidence of an award.

(q) Officer. Except where expressly indicated otherwise, the word “officer” means “commissioned or warrant officer.”

(a) To whom awarded. See figure 1.

(a) Criteria. The Medal of Honor, established by Joint Resolution of Congress, 12 July 1862 (amended by Act of 9 July 1918 and Act of 25 July 1963) is awarded in the name of Congress to a person who, while a member of the Army, distinguished himself conspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while engaged in an action against an enemy of the United States; while engaged in military operations involving conflict with an opposing foreign force; or while serving with friendly foreign forces engaged in an armed conflict against an opposing armed force in which the United States is not a belligerent party (figure 1). The deed performed must have been one of personal bravery or self-sacrifice so conspicuous as to clearly distinguish the individual above his comrades and must have involved risk of life. Incontestable proof of the performance of the service will be exacted and each recommendation for the award of this decoration will be considered on the standard of extraordinary merit. Eligibility is limited to members of the Army of the United States in active Federal military service.

(b) Description. A gold-finished bronze star, one point down, 19/16 inches in diameter with rays terminating in trefoils, surrounded by a laurel wreath in green enamel, suspended by two links from a bar bearing the inscription “Valor” and surmounted by an eagle grasping laurel leaves in one claw and arrows in the other. In the center of the star is the head of Minerva surrounded by the inscription “United States of America.” Each ray of the star bears an oak leaf in green enamel. On the reverse of the bar are stamped the words “The Congress To.” The medal is suspended by a hook to a ring fastened behind the eagle. The hook is attached to a light-blue moired silk neckband, 13/16 inches in width and 213/4 inches in length, behind a square pad in the center made of the ribbon with the corners turned in. On the ribbon bar are 13 white stars arranged in the form of a triple chevron, consisting of two chevrons of 5 stars and one chevron of 3 stars. A hexagonal rosette of light-blue ribbon 1/2 inch circumscribing diameter, with a fan-shaped ribbon insert showing white stars, is included for wear on civilian clothing.

(c) Medal of Honor Roll. The Medal of Honor Roll was established by Act of Congress, April 27, 1916, as amended, 38 U.S.C. 560. It provides that each Medal of Honor awardee may have his name entered on the Medal of Honor Roll. Each person whose name is placed on the Roll is certified to the Veterans' Administration as being entitled to receive a special pension of $100 per month for life, payable monthly by that agency. The payment of this special pension is in addition to, and does not deprive the pensioner of any other pension, benefit, right, or privilege to which he is or may thereafter be entitled. A written application must be made by the awardee to have his name placed on the Medal of Honor Roll and to receive the special pension. For Army personnel, proper blanks and instructions shall be furnished without charge upon request to The Adjutant General, Department of the Army, Washington, DC 20314, Attention: AGPB-AC. The application must bear the full personal signature of the applicant.

(d) Additional benefits. (1) Air transportation: See AR 96-20 (Army Regulations pertaining to Air Transportation).

(2) Sons of winners of the Medal of Honor, otherwise qualified for admission to the United States Military Academy, will not be subject to quota requirements (see annual catalog, United States Military Academy).

(a) Criteria. The Distinguished Service Cross, established by Act of Congress 9 July 1918 (amended by Act of 25 July 1963), is awarded to a person who, while serving in any capacity with the Army, distinguishes himself by extraordinary heroism not justifying the award of a Medal of Honor while engaged in an action against an enemy of the United States, while engaged in military operations involving conflict with an opposing force, or while serving with friendly foreign forces engaged in an armed conflict against an opposing armed force in which the United States is not a belligerent party (figure 1). The act or acts of heroism must have been so notable and have involved risk of life so extraordinary as to set the individual apart from his comrades.

(b) Description. A cross of bronze 2 inches in height and 113/16 inches in width with an eagle on the center and a scroll below the eagle bearing the inscription “For Valor.” On the reverse, the center of the cross is circled by a wreath. The cross is suspended by a ring from moired silk ribbon, 13/8 inches in length and 13/8 inches in width, composed of a band of red (1/8-inch), white (1/16-inch), blue (1-inch), white (1/16-inch), and red (1/8-inch).

(a) Criteria. (1) The Distinguished Service Medal, established by Act of Congress on July 9, 1918, is awarded to any person who, while serving in any capacity with the Army of the United States, shall have distinguished himself or herself by exceptionally meritorious service to the Government in a duty of great responsibility (Fig. 1). The performance must be such as to merit recognition for service which is clearly exceptional. Superior performance of normal duty will not alone justify an award of this decoration.

(2) For service not related to actual war the term “duty of great responsibility” applies to a narrower range of positions than in time of war, and requires evidence of conspicuously significant achievement. However, justification of the award may accrue by virtue of exceptionally meritorious service in a succession of high positions of great importance.

(3) Awards may be made to persons other than members of the Armed Forces of the United States for wartime services only, and then only under exceptional circumstances with the express approval of the President, in each case.

(b) Description. The coat of arms of the United States in bronze surrounded by a circle of dark-blue enamel 11/2 inches in diameter, bearing the inscription “For Distinguished Service MCMXVIII.” On the reverse, a blank scroll upon a trophy of flags and weapons. The medal is suspended by a bar from a moired silk ribbon, 13/8 inches in length and 13/8 inches in width, composed of a bank of scarlet (5/8-inch), a stripe of dark-blue (1/16-inch), a band of white (5/8-inch), a stripe of dark-blue (1/16-inch), and a band of scarlet (5/16-inch).

(a) Criteria. The Silver Star, established by Act of Congress 9 July 1918 (amended by Act of 25 July 1963), is awarded to a person who, while serving in any capacity with the Army, is cited for gallantry in action that does not warrant a Medal of Honor or Distinguished Service Cross while engaged in an action against an enemy of the United States, while engaged in military operations involving conflict with an opposing foreign force, or while serving with friendly foreign forces engaged in an armed conflict against an opposing armed force in which the United States is not a belligerent party (figure 1). The required gallantry, while of lesser degree than that required for the award of the Medal of Honor or Distinguished Service Cross, must nevertheless have been performed with marked distinction. It is also awarded upon letter application to The Adjutant General to those individuals who, while serving in any capacity with the Army, received a citation for gallantry in action in World War I published in orders issued by the headquarters of a general officer.

(b) Description. A bronze star 11/2 inches in circumscribing diameter. In the center thereof is a 3/16-inch diameter raised silver star, the center lines of all rays of both stars coinciding. The reverse has the inscription “For Gallantry in Action.” The star is suspended by a rectangular-shaped metal loop with corners rounded from a moired silk ribbon 13/8 inches in length and 13/8 inches in width, composed of stripes of blue (3/32-inch), white (3/64-inch), blue (7/32-inch), white (7/32-inch), red (7/32-inch), white (7/32-inch), blue (7/32-inch), white (3/64-inch), and blue (3/32-inch).

The Legion of Merit, established by Act of Congress July 20, 1942, is awarded to any member of the Armed Forces of the United States or of a friendly foreign nation who has distinguished himself or herself by exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services. See figure 1.

(a) Criteria for Armed Forces of the United States. (1) The performance must have been such as to merit recognition of key individuals for service rendered in a clearly exceptional manner. Superior performance of duties normal to the grade, branch, specialty, or assignment, and experience of an individual is not an adequate basis for this award.

(2) For service not related to actual war, the term “key individuals” applies to a narrower range of positions than in time of war and requires evidence of significant achievement. Such service, performed in peacetime, should be in the nature of a special requirement or the performance of an extremely difficult duty in an unprecedented and clearly exceptional manner. However, justification of the award may accrue by virtue of exceptionally meritorious service in a succession of important positions.

(3) The accomplishment of the duty should have been completed prior to submitting a recommendation, or if the person being recommended has been transferred prior to completion, the accomplishment must have progressed to what may be clearly determined to be an exceptional degree.

(4) Awards will be made without reference to degree and for each such award, the Legion of Merit (Legionnaire) will be issued.

(b) Criteria for armed forces of foreign nations. (1) See AR 672-7 (Army Regulations pertaining to Legion of Merit for foreign nationals).

(2) Each award will be made in one of the following degrees, which are listed in order or rank:

(i) Chief Commander.

(ii) Commander.

(iii) Officer.

(iv) Legionnaire.

(3) Awards of this decoration in the degrees of Chief Commander and Commander are comparable to awards of the Distinguished-Service Medal and the standards prescribed in § 578.6 (a) will be applied in considering such awards.

(4) Awards in the lesser degrees of this decoration are comparable to awards of the Legion of Merit to members of the Armed Forces of the United States and the standards prescribed in paragraph (a) of this section are applicable.

(5) Second or succeeding awards of this decoration will be in the same or a higher degree than the previous award.

(c) Description—(1) Chief Commander. A domed five-pointed American white star plaque of heraldic form bordered in purplish-red enamel 215/16 inches circumscribing diameter with 13 white stars on a blue field emerging from a circle of clouds; backing the star, a laurel wreath with pierced, crossed arrows pointing outward between each arm of the star and the wreath. The reverse is engraved with the words “United States of America.”

(2) Commander. A five-pointed American white star of heraldic form bordered in purplish-red enamel 21/4-inches circumscribing diameter with 13 white stars on a blue field emerging from a circle of clouds; backing the star, a laurel wreath with pierced, crossed arrows pointing outward between each arm of the star and the wreath. A bronze wreath connects an oval suspension ring to a neck ribbon. The reverse of the five-pointed star is enameled in white. bordered in purplish-red enamel; in the center is a disk surrounded by the words “Annuit Coeptis” and “MDCCLXXXII,” and on the scroll are the words “United States of America.” The moired silk neck ribbon is 211/4 inches in length and 115/16 inches in width composed of a bank of purplish-red (113/16-inches) with edges of white (1/16-inch).

(3) Officer. A five-pointed American white star of heraldic form bordered in purplish-red enamel 17/8-inches circumscribing diameter with 13 white stars on a blue field emerging from a circle of clouds; backing the star, a laurel wreath with modeled, crossed arrows pointing outward between each arm of the star and the wreath, and an all-bronze device of the same design as the pendant 3/4 inch in diameter on the center of the suspension ribbon. On the reverse is a disk surrounded by the words “Annuit Coeptis” and “MDCCLXXXII,” and on the scroll are the words “United States of America.” The pendant is suspended by a moired silk ribbon 17/8 inches in length and 13/8 inches in width, composed of a bank of purplish-red (11/4-inches) with edges of white (1/16-inch).

(4) Legionnaire. Same as prescribed in paragraph (c)(3) of this section, except the all-bronze device is not worn on the ribbon.

(a) Criteria. The Distinguished Flying Cross, established by Act of Congress July 2, 1926, is awarded to any member of the Armed Forces of the United States and of friendly foreign nations who while serving in any capacity with the Army of the United States, shall have distinguished himself or herself by heroism or extraordinary achievement while participating in aerial flight (figure 1). The performance of the act of heroism must be evidenced by voluntary action in the face of great danger above and beyond the call of duty while participating in aerial flight. The extraordinary achievement while participating in aerial flight must have resulted in an accomplishment so exceptional and outstanding as to clearly set the individual apart from his comrades, or from other persons in similar circumstances. Awards will be made only to recognize single acts of heroism or extraordinary achievement and will not be made in recognition of sustained operational activities against an armed enemy. It should also be noted that if a higher decoration is considered to be merited for the heroism or extraordinary achievement while participating in aerial flight, recommendation may be made for any appropriate higher award.

(b) Description. On a bronze 11/2-inch cross pattee, a four-bladed propeller 111/16 inches across the blades; in the reentrant angles, rays forming a 1-inch square. The cross is suspended by a plain, straight link from a moired silk ribbon 13/8 inches in length and 13/8 inches in width, composed of stripes of blue (7/64-inches), white (9/64-inch), blue (11/32-inch), white (3/64-inch), red (3/32-inch), white (3/64-inch), blue (11/32-inch), white (9/64-inch), and blue (7/64-inch).

(a) Criteria. The Soldier's Medal, established by Act of Congress July 2, 1926, is awarded to any person who, while serving in any capacity with the Army of the United States, shall have distinguished himself or herself by heroism not involving actual conflict with an armed enemy (figure 1). The same degree of heroism is required as that for an award of the Distinguished Flying Cross. The performance must have involved personal hazard or danger and the voluntary risk of life under conditions other than those involving conflict with an armed enemy. Awards will not be made solely on the basis of having saved a life. The award of this decoration will be limited to members of the Armed Forces of the United States and of friendly foreign nations.

(b) Description. On a 13/8-inch bronze octagon, an eagle displayed, standing on a fasces, between two groups of stars of six and seven, above the group of six a spray of leaves. On the reverse is a shield paly of 13 pieces on the chief, the letters “U.S.” supported by sprays of laurel and oak, around the upper edge the inscription “Soldier's Medal,” and across the face the words “For Valor.” The medal is suspended by a rectangular-shaped metal loop with corners rounded from a moired silk ribbon 13/8 inches in length and 13/8 inches in width, composed of two outside stripes of blue (3/8-inch), the center containing 13 white and red stripes of equal width (7 white and 6 red).

(a) Criteria. The Bronze Star Medal, established by Executive Order on February 4, 1944, is awarded to any person who, while serving in any capacity in or with the Army of the United States, on or after December 7, 1941, shall have distinguished himself or herself by heroic or meritorious achievement or service, not involving participation in aerial flight, in connection with military operations against an armed enemy. See figure 1.

(1) Heroism. Awards may be made for acts of heroism performed in actual ground combat against an armed enemy which are of lesser degree than required for the award of the Silver Star.

(2) Meritorious achievement and service. (i) Awards may be made to recognize single acts of merit and meritorious service. The required achievement or service, while of lesser degree than that required for the award of the Legion of Merit, must nevertheless have been meritorious and accomplished with distinction.

(ii) Awards may be made, upon letter application to The Adjutant General, to those members of the Armed Forces of the United States who, on or after December 7, 1941, have been awarded the Combat Infantryman Badge or Medical Badge for exemplary conduct in ground combat against an armed enemy between December 7, 1941 and September 2, 1945, inclusive, or whose meritorious achievement or exemplary conduct in ground combat against an armed enemy during such period has been otherwise confirmed in writing by documents executed prior to July 1, 1947. Documents which have been executed since August 4, 1944 in connection with recommendations for the award of decorations of higher degree than the Bronze Star Medal will not be used to establish a basis for the award of this decoration under the provisions of this paragraph.

(b) Description. A bronze star 11/2 inches in circumscribing diameter. In the center thereof is a 3/16-inch diameter raised bronze star, the center line of all rays of both stars coinciding. The reverse has the inscription “Heroic or Meritorious Achievement.” The star is suspended by a rectangular-shaped loop with corners rounded from a moired silk ribbon 13/8 inches in length and 13/8 inches in width, composed of stripes of white (1/32-inch), red (9/16-inch), white (1/32-inch), blue (1/8-inch), white (1/32-inch), red (9/16-inch), and white (1/32-inch). A bronze block letter “V” 1/4 inch in height with serifs at the top of the members is worn on the suspension and service ribbons of the Bronze Star Medal to denote an award made for heroism (valor). Not more than one “V” device will be worn. When one or more oak-leaf clusters appear on the same ribbon the “V” device is worn on the wearer's right.

(a) Criteria. The Air Medal, established by Executive Order on May 11, 1942, is awarded to any person who, while serving in any capacity in or with the Army of the United States, has distinguished himself or herself by meritorious achievement while participating in aerial flight (Fig. 1). Awards may be made to recognize single acts of merit or sustained operational activities against an armed enemy. The required achievement, while of lesser degree than that required for the award of the Distinguished Flying Cross, must nevertheless have been accomplished with distinction above and beyond that normally expected.

(b) Description. A bronze compass rose 111/16-inches circumscribing diameter suspended by the pointer and charged with an eagle volant carrying two lightning flashes in its talons. The points of the compass rose on the reverse are modeled with the central portion plain. The medal is suspended from a moired silk ribbon 13/8 inches in length and 13/8 inches in width, composed of a band of ultramarine blue (1/8-inch), a band of golden orange (1/4-inch), a band of ultramarine blue (5/8-inch), a band of golden orange (1/4-inch), and a band of ultramarine blue (1/8-inch), by a ring engaging the pointer.

Department of Defense Directive 1348.14, 25 June 1963, established the Joint Service Commendation Medal This decoration is awarded in the name of the Secretary of Defense and shall take precedence with, but before, the Army Commendation Medal when both are worn on the uniform. The decoration is not awarded to any individual for a period of service for which another meritorious decoration has been awarded.

(a) Eligibility. Any member of the Armed Forces of the United States who distinguishes himself by meritorious achievement or service while serving in any assignment specified in paragraph (b) of this section after 1 January 1963 is eligible for this award. The required achievement or service, while of lesser degree than that required for award of the Legion of Merit, must nevertheless have been accomplished with distinction.

(b) Joint activities. Military personnel assigned to the following joint activities are eligible for the award:

(1) Office of the Secretary of Defense.

(2) Organization of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

(3) Defense Supply Agency.

(4) National Security Agency.

(5) Other Department of Defense agencies or joint activities reporting through the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

(6) Headquarters, unified and special commands.

(7) Headquarters of joint task forces, joint commands or control groups, reporting through the Joint Chiefs of Staff, unified, specified or subordinate joint commanders, to include service components assigned to a joint command for exercise purposes (e.g., STRIKE Command).

(8) Other joint activities reporting to commanders of unified or specified commands (e.g., Military Assistance Advisory Groups or Joint Missions).

(a) Criteria. The Army Commendation Medal established by the Secretary of War on December 18, 1945, and amended in Department of the Army General Orders 10, 1960, is awarded to any members of the Armed Forces of the United States who, while serving in any capacity with the Army after December 6, 1941, shall have distinguished himself by meritorious achievement or meritorious service. (See figure 1.)

(1) The required meritorious achievement or meritorious service while of lesser degree than that required for the award of the Legion of Merit must nevertheless have been accomplished with distinction and must have been of the same degree as required for the award of the Bronze Star Medal or Air Medal. An award may be made when the operational requirements for the award of the Bronze Star Medal have not been fully met.

(2) An award may be made for acts of outstanding courage which do not meet the requirements for an award of the Soldier's Medal.

(3) An award for meritorious service will not normally be made for a period of service of less than 6 months' duration.

(4) The Army Commendation Medal will not be awarded to general officers.

(5) It is particularly desirable that emphasis be placed on the award of this decoration to outstanding company grade officers, warrant officers, and enlisted personnel whose achievements and services meet the prescribed standards.

(6) Awards may be made upon letter application to The Adjutant General to any individual commended after December 6, 1941, and prior to January 1, 1946, in a letter, certificate, or order of commendation, as distinguished from letter of appreciation, signed by an officer in the grade or position of a major general or higher.

(7) The Army Commendation Medal may be awarded in connection with military participation in the Department of the Army Suggestion Program.

(8) Awards of the Army Commendation Ribbon and of the Commendation Ribbon with Metal Pendant are redesignated by Department of the Army General Orders 10, March 31, 1960, as awards of the Army Commendation Medal, without amendments of certificates or of orders previously issued.

(b) Description. On a 13/8-inch bronze hexagon, one point up, an American bald eagle with wings displayed horizontally grasping three crossed arrows and bearing on its breast a shield paly of 13 pieces and a chief. On the reverse between the words “For Military” and “Merit” a panel, all above a sprig of laurel. A moired silk ribbon 13/8 inches in length and 13/8 inches in width, composed of stripes of white (3/32-inch), green (25/64-inch), white (1/32-inch), green (1/16-inch), white (1/32-inch), green (1/16-inch), white (1/32-inch), green (1/16-inch), white (1/32-inch), green (1/16-inch), white (1/32-inch), green (25/64-inch), and white (3/32-inch).

(a) Criteria. The Purple Heart, established by General George Washington at Newburgh, New York, on August 7, 1782, and revived by the President on February 22, 1932, is awarded to any member of the Armed Forces of the United States and to any civilian citizen of the United States serving with the Army who was wounded either in action against an armed enemy of the United States or as a direct result of an act of such enemy, provided the wound necessitated treatment by a medical officer. See figure 1.

(1) For the purpose of considering an award of this decoration, a “wound” is defined as an injury to any part of the body from an outside force or agent sustained while in action in the face of the armed enemy or as a result of a hostile act of such enemy. A physical lesion is not required, provided the concussion or other form of injury received was directly due to enemy action and required treatment by a medical officer. Awards will not be made by reason of injuries due to frostbite or trenchfoot. Not more than one award of this decoration will be made for more than one wound or injury received at the same instant or from the same missile, force, explosion, or agent.

(2) Records of medical treatment for wounds or injuries received in action as prescribed above must have been made a matter of official record during the period of hostilities or within 6 months thereafter.

(3) Awards may be made, upon letter application, to those individuals who, as members of the Army, prior to December 7, 1941, were awarded Meritorious Services Citation Certificates by the Commander-in-Chief, American Expeditionary Forces, during World War I and/or were authorized to wear wound chevrons.

(4) Those individuals who, as members of the Army, on or after December 7, 1941, were awarded the Purple Heart for meritorious achievement or service in connection with military operations against the enemy may make application for the award of an appropriate decoration in lieu of the Purple Heart.

(5) A Purple Heart will be issued by The Adjutant General to the next of kin of each person entitled to a posthumous award. Issue will be made automatically as soon as possible after receipt by the Department of the Army of a report of death under circumstances indicating such entitlement, and notwithstanding the fact that the records indicate the presentation of a Purple Heart to the deceased person prior to death.

(b) Description. On a purple heart within a bronze border, a profile head in relief of General George Washington in military uniform. Above the heart is a shield of General Washington's coat of arms between two sprays of leaves in green enamel. On the reserve below the shield and leaves without enamel is a raised bronze heart with the inscription “For Military Merit.” The entire device is 111/16 inches in length. The medal is suspended by a rectangular-shaped loop with corners rounded from a moired silk ribbon 13/8 inches in length and 13/8 inches in width consisting of a purple (pansy) center with white edges (1/8-inch).

(a) Criteria. The Medal for Merit was established by Act of Congress on July 20, 1942, to be awarded to civilians of the nations prosecuting the war under the joint declaration of the United Nations and of other friendly foreign nations who have, subsequent to the proclamation of an emergency by the President, distinguished themselves by exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services. The Medal for Merit has not been awarded since 1952.

(b) Description. An eagle displayed standing on a vertical sheaf of arrows bearing the inscription “Novus Ordo Seclorum,” all gold-finished bronze, in front of a ring of dark-blue enamel 11/2 inches in diameter, bearing 13 white enamel stars. On the gold-finished bronze reverse, the ring, in front of the eagle and arrows in reverse, the words “United States of America” at the top and “For Merit” at the bottom in front of a spray of laurel leaves. The medal is connected to the suspension ring by a wreath of laurel leaves, green enamel on the front and gold-finished bronze on the back. The medal is suspended by a moired silk ribbon 17/8 inches in length and 13/8 inches in width, composed of a stripe of purplish-red (9/16-inch), a stripe of white (1/16-inch), a stripe of purplish-red (1/8-inch), a stripe of white (1/16-inch), and a stripe of purplish-red (9/16-inch). A circular cup-shaped rosette of purplish-red ribbon, 1/2-inch circumscribing diameter, with a fan-shaped ribbon insert showing purplish-red and white stripes is included for wear on civilian clothing.

(a) Criteria. The National Security Medal, established by Executive Order on January 19, 1953, is awarded to any person, without regard to nationality, including members of the Armed Forces of the United States for distinguished achievement or outstanding contribution on or after July 26, 1947, in the field of intelligence relating to the national security. This contribution may consist of either exceptionally meritorious service performed in a position of high responsibility or of an act of valor requiring personal courage of a high degree and complete disregard of personal safety.

(b) Description. A blue enameled compass rose surrounded by a red enameled oval, the interior dimensions of which are 1 inch vertically and 7/8 inch horizontally, bearing the inscription “United States of America” at the top and “National Security” at the bottom, the whole enclosed within a laurel wreath of gold-finished bronze surmounted by an American bald eagle standing with wings raised. On the reverse a serial number appears on the eagle and the words “Presented To” are impressed on the compass rose. The name of the recipient is engraved below. The medal is suspended by a loop from a silk moire ribbon 2 inches in length and 13/8 inches in width, composed of a band of dark-blue (1/4-inch), gold (3/32-inch), dark blue (11/16-inch), gold (3/32-inch), dark blue (1/4-inch). Diagonal gold lines (3/32 inch in width and 3/32 inch apart) extend downward from the wearer's right to left across the center band of dark blue. The miniature of this medal is furnished at the time of the award.

(a) Criteria—(1) Medal of Freedom. The Medal of Freedom was established by Executive Order 9586, 6 July 1945, as amended by Executive Order 10336, 5 April 1952, to be awarded to any person other than a member of the Armed Forces of the United States who, after 6 December 1941, performed a meritorious act or service which aided the United States in the prosecution of a war against an armed enemy or enemies, or similarly aided any nation engaged with the United States in the prosecution of a war against a common enemy or enemies, or during any period of national emergency declared by the President or the Congress furthered the interests or the security of the United States or of any nation allied or associated with the United States during such period when the award of any other United States military decoration was not deemed appropriate. Under special circumstances, without regard to the existence of a state of war or national emergency, the Medal of Freedom was awarded by or at the direction of the President for performance of a meritorious act or service in the interest of the security of the United States. The Medal of Freedom was reestablished as the Presidential Medal of Freedom on 22 February 1963 and no awards of the Medal of Freedom after that date are authorized.

(2) Establishment of Presidential Medal of Freedom. The Medal of Freedom was reestablished as the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Executive Order 11085, 22 February 1963, to be awarded to any person who has made an especially meritorious contribution to the security or national interest of the United States, to world peace or to cultural or other significant public or private endeavors. The Medal can only be awarded by the President of the United States who makes the final selection of recipients with the assistance of a Distinguished Civilian Service Awards Board. The President may select for award of the Presidential Medal of Freedom any person nominated by the Board, any person otherwise recommended to him for award of the Medal, or any person he selects upon his own initiative. Announcement of awards will be made by the President on or about 4 July of each year.

(b) Description. The Medal of bronze is 11/4 inches in diameter. On the obverse are the head, shoulders, and headdress of Freedom (taken from the statue on the top of the United States Capitol dome). In the lower portion in an arc is the inscription “Freedom.” On the reverse is the “Liberty Bell” without carriage, within a circle composed of the words “United States of America.” The medal is suspended by a ring from a moired silk ribbon 13/8 inches in length and 13/8 inches in width, composed of red (7/16-inch), white (1/32-inch), red (1/8-inch), white (1/32-inch), red (1/8-inch), white (1/32-inch), red (1/8-inch), white (1/32-inch), and red (7/16-inch). The gold, silver, or bronze palm is 11/8 inches in length, and is worn on the suspension and service ribbons of the Medal of Freedom with the tip of the palm toward the wearer's right.

(a) Criteria. The Distinguished Civilian Service Medal, established by the Secretary of the Army, is awarded to civilians other than employees of the Department of the Army, who render outstanding service during peacetime which makes a substantial contribution to the accomplishments of the Army's mission. Award is made by the Secretary of the Army upon recommendation of a staff agency.

(b) Description. Distinguished Civilian Service Medal, Department of the Army, is bronze, gold filled, 11/4 inches in diameter. The central design of the obverse of the medal incorporates a disc with a wreath on the lower half of the rim denoting nonmilitary service. The equilateral triangle is symbolic of the civilian. Displayed on the triangle is the eagle from the Great Seal of the United States. The reverse of the medal is inscribed “Awarded To—————for Distinguished Civilian Service To The United States Army.” The medal is suspended from a ribbon 13/8 inch in width consisting of a white stripe (1/16 in.), a blue stripe (1/16 in.), a white stripe (1/16 in.), a red stripe (1/16 in.), a white stripe (1/16 in.), a blue stripe (1/16 in.), a white stripe (5/8 in.), a blue stripe (1/16 in.), a white stripe (1/16 in.), a red stripe (1/16 in.), a white stripe (1/16 in.), a blue stripe (1/16 in.), and a white stripe (1/16 in.). A rosette 13/32 inch in diameter, made of the medal ribbon into a red centered white disc surrounded by blue, is provided for lapel wear.

(c) Recommendations. Recommendations will be submitted through military channels to the Deputy Chief of Staff for personnel, Headquarters, Department of the Army, Washington 25, DC, Attn: Office of Civilian Personnel. Each recommendation will describe the project, research, or type of service rendered; the activity in which performed; and the dates of this service. The relationship and value of this service to the Army as a whole must be clearly indicated. The recommendation will also include a statement that the individual is not employed by the Army, or was not so employed during the period in which the services to be recognized were rendered. A proposed citation will be inclosed.

(a) Criteria. The Outstanding Civilian Service Medal established by the Secretary of the Army in DA General Orders No. 3, 1960, is awarded to private citizens, Federal Government officials at the policy development level, and technical personnel who serve the Army in an advisory capacity or as consultants. Award is made by the Secretary of the Army, or by major commanders on behalf of the Secretary of the Army when the contribution is of significance to or within the major command concerned only.

(b) Recommendations. Same as § 578.17a(c).

(c) Description. Outstanding Civilian Service Medal, Department of the Army, is bronze, 11/4 inches in diameter. The central design of the obverse of the medal incorporates a disc with a wreath on the lower half of the rim denoting nonmilitary service. The equalateral triangle is symbolic of the civilian. Displayed on the triangle is the eagle from the Great Seal of the United States. The reverse of the medal is inscribed “Awarded to———————for Outstanding Civilian Service to the United States Army.” The medal is suspended from a ribbon 13/8 inches wide consisting of thirteen alternating stripes equally spaced, seven white and six red, with a blue stripe 1/64 inch wide centered on each white stripe. A rosette 1/2 inch in diameter consisting of a gathered red center on a white background with a narrow blue stripe, the rim composed of alternating red and white vertical stripes with a narrow blue stripe centered on the white, is included for wear on civilian clothing.

(a) Oak-Leaf Cluster. A bronze (or silver) twig of four oak leaves with three acorns on the stem, 13/32 inch in length for a suspension ribbon and 5/16 inch in length for a service ribbon is issued in lieu of a decoration for the second or succeeding awards of United States military decorations with the exception that Oak-Leaf Clusters will not be placed on a posthumous award of the Purple Heart. Oak-Leaf Clusters are not issued for the Legion of Merit of the Medal of Freedom awarded in degrees to foreign nationals. Oak-Leaf Clusters are worn attached to the ribbons of the decorations to which they pertain with the stem of the oak leaves toward the wearer's right. A silver Oak-Leaf Cluster may be worn in lieu of five bronze Oak-Leaf Clusters for the same decoration. In lieu of an Oak-Leaf Cluster a gold compass rose is issued to denote the second or succeeding awards of the National Security Medal.

(b) Letter “V” Device. See § 578.11 (b).

(c) Palm. See § 578.17(b).

(d) Service ribbon. A ribbon identical in color with the suspension ribbon of the decoration it represents attached to a bar 3/8 inch in width (vertical dimension) and 13/8 inches in length, equipped with a suitable attaching device. A service ribbon is issued with each decoration except the National Security Medal which is provided with an extra length of ribbon for the recipient's use. Service ribbons will not be impregnated with unnatural preservatives nor worn with protective coverings.

(e) Lapel button. A lapel button 1/8 inch in length and 21/32 inch in width is a colored enamel replica of the respective service ribbon. An enamel lapel button is issued with each decoration except the Medal of Honor and Medal for Merit.

(f) Rosette. See §§ 578.4(b), 578.15 (b), and 578.17a(b).

(g) Container. A container, either plastic or leather covered, and plushlined, containing a decoration, service ribbon, and lapel button or rosette. Each decoration awarded will be furnished in an appropriate container.

(h) Miniatures. Miniature decorations and appurtenances are replicas of the corresponding decorations and appurtenances on the scale of one-half. With the exception of the National Security Medal (§ 578.16), miniatures are not presented or sold by the Army but may be purchased from civilian dealers. There is no miniature of the Medal of Honor or the Legion of Merit, degree of Commander.

(a) Constitutional restriction. No person holding any office of profit or trust under the United States shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind whatsoever from any king, prince, or foreign state. (Const., Art I, Sec. 9.) This includes decorations, awards, and gifts tendered by any official of a foreign government.

(b) Definitions. (1) Accept or Acceptance as used in this section means assumption of ownership and permanent possession of a military award or similar object awarded by a foreign government or official for which congressional approval has been granted.

(2) Receive or Receipt as used in this section means the act of coming into temporary custody of a military award or similar object awarded by a foreign government or official for which congressional approval is required.

(c) General policy. The provisions for receipt and/or acceptance, or prohibition thereof, outlined in this section apply to all members of the Armed Forces on active duty, all members of the Reserve components, and all civilian employees of the Army. This policy should be observed also when the award or gift is tendered to a member of the immediate family of any of the foregoing personnel.

(d) Participation in ceremonies. Except as prohibited by paragraph (h) of this section, an individual may participate in a ceremony and receive the tender of a foreign award or gift. The receipt of the award or gift will not constitute acceptance of the award by the recipient. Immediately following the ceremony, the individual will forward the award or gift with all appurtenances thereto, and all official papers including diploma and citation, to The Adjutant General. A brief statement should accompany the award explaining the act or service for which the award was made, date and place of presentation, and name and title of official who made the presentation.

(e) Congressional authorization. Except for such awards as may be specifically authorized by the Congress. The Adjutant General will forward each foreign award or gift to the Secretary of State to be held in escrow pending approval of its acceptance by the Congress. Each military and civilian recipient of foreign awards, upon discharge or permanent retirement or other permanent separation from active Federal service, should notify The Adjutant General in order that action may be taken with reference to his award or gifts. The Secretary of State is required by law to transmit the names of retired personnel to the second session of each alternate Congress (5 U.S.C. 115a). Upon approval by the Congress, the award or gift will be forwarded to the individual concerned.

(f) Acceptance of foreign awards. An award by a friendly foreign nation may be accepted without the requirement for securing approval by the Congress only as indicated below:

(1) By the next of kin if the award is conferred posthumously upon a former member of the Armed Forces of the United States.

(2) By the next of kin if the recipient dies before approval of acceptance can be obtained.

(3) If the award was conferred or earned while the recipient was serving as a bona fide member of the Armed Forces of the nation conferring the award and if the award is one authorized to be conferred generally upon members of that nation's forces. Such foreign awards must meet the following applicable requirements:

(i) A decoration must be awarded prior to the recipient's entrance into active service in the Armed Forces of the United States.

(ii) A badge must have been qualified for by the recipient under criteria established by the country concerned for award of the badge.

(iii) A service medal must have been earned under usual criteria established by the country concerned.

(g) Foreign service medals. Service medals awarded by foreign governments for service performed while a member of the Armed Forces of the United States may not be accepted or worn except the Philippine Service Ribbons, the United Nations Service Medal, and others which may be specifically authorized.

(h) Military Assistance Program. (1) As an exception to the general policy and procedures set forth in the foregoing paragraphs, the following prohibition shall apply to members of the Armed Forces and civilian employees performing duties in connection with the Military Assistance Program. Specifically, this prohibition includes personnel assigned or attached to, or otherwise performing duty with, Military Assistance Advisory Groups, Military Advisory Groups, Military Aid Groups, or missions having Military Assistance Program functions. Such personnel, regardless of assignment, may not accept the tender of any decoration, award, or gift from foreign governments for duty of this nature. In addition, personnel performing military assistance advisory, programming, budgeting, and/or logistic functions in any headquarters, office, agency, or organization may not accept the tender of any decoration, award, or gift from foreign governments in recognition of such duties. Accordingly, participation in ceremonies involving any such tender is not authorized. In order to avoid embarrassment, the appropriate foreign officials should be acquainted with this prohibition. If presentation is made in spite of such representation, the decoration, award, or gift will be forwarded with a full explanation of the circumstances to The Adjutant General for disposal. This restriction also applies to personnel performing United Nations Truce supervisory activities.

(2) When an award or gift is proffered to a member of the Armed Forces or a civilian employee performing any duty in connection with the Military Assistance Program in recognition of actual combat services against an armed enemy of the United States, or in recognition of heroism involving the saving of life, the foregoing prohibition is inapplicable, and the provisions of paragraph (e) of this section will be followed.

(a) Items issued by Department of the Army:

(1) Decorations,

(2) Service medals,

(3) Service ribbons,

(4) Palms,

(5) Rosettes,

(6) Clasps,

(7) Arrowheads,

(8) Service Stars,

(9) Good Conduct Medals,

(10) Oak-Leaf Clusters,

(11) Letter “V” devices,

(12) Certificates for decorations,

(13) Lapel buttons for decorations,

(14) Lapel buttons, miscellaneous,

(15) 10-year devices,

(16) Berlin airlift devices,

(17) Containers for decorations.

(b) Items not issued or sold by Department of the Army:

(1) Miniature medals and appurtenances,

(2) Miniature service ribbons,

(3) Miniature devices,

(4) Lapel buttons for service medals,

(5) Lapel buttons, miscellaneous.

(a) General. All United States Army medals are presented without cost to the awardee. Replacement medals are likewise issued without cost to an awardee in active Federal military service when his written request includes a statement that the original medal was lost, destroyed, or rendered unfit for use without fault or neglect on his part. Replacement of medals for individuals not on active duty or for eligible next of kin, provided the original issue had been made to them, may be made at cost price. No money should be mailed until instructions are received from The Adjutant General or the Commanding Officer, U.S. Army Records Center, 9700 Page Boulevard, St. Louis, Mo., 63132. Requests should be directed as follows:

(b) Discharged Personnel. All requests for medals in behalf of individuals having no current Army status, or deceased, will be forwarded to the Commanding Officer, United States Army Records Center, 9700 Page Boulevard, St. Louis, Mo., 63132.

(c) Miscellaneous. (1) Supply action for the Medal of Honor will be accomplished only by The Adjutant General.

(2) The Medal for Merit has not been awarded since 1952; therefore, no requirements exist for this item except for replacements.

(3) The Gold Star Lapel Button is authorized for issue to next of kin of deceased personnel.

(a) Government agencies. Upon approval by the Secretary of the Army, samples of military decorations may be furnished, without charge, for one display at the headquarters of each Army and higher field commander, in the offices of the chiefs of governmental agencies not under military jurisdiction where opportunity for the public to view the display is assured, and in each office of the Department of the Army the functions of which include matters pertaining to decorations.

(b) Civilian institutions. Upon approval of the Secretary of the Army, samples of military decorations may be furnished, at cost price (including the cost of engraving, packing, and shipment), to museums, libraries, numismatic, and military societies and institutions of such public nature as will assure an opportunity for the public to view the exhibits under circumstances beneficial to the Army. All decorations furnished to civilian institutions for exhibition purposes will be engraved with the words “For Exhibition Purposes Only.”

(c) Requests. Letter requests for decorations for exhibit or display will be made to The Adjutant General, Department of the Army, Washington, DC 20310. Shipment is made direct from the Philadelphia Quartermaster Depot, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Those individuals to whom United States military decorations have been awarded subsequent to December 7, 1941, and to whom an appropriate certificate for decoration has not been issued may make application for such certificate by submitting a written request to the appropriate office as indicated in § 578.21. Each request should indicate a reference to the number, date, and headquarters of issue of the order announcing the award.

As a token of appreciation and in recognition of patriotic civilian service contributing to the accomplishment of the mission of an installation, command, or Staff Agency of the Army, or to the welfare of Army personnel, a Certificate of Appreciation has been established. This certificate, together with a brief citation may be awarded by commanders of major commands and heads of Headquarters, Department of the Army Staff agencies on behalf of the Secretary of the Army for services rendered to elements of the Army under their respective jurisdictions. The accompanying citation should conform to § 578.3(b)(2) and will be made a matter of record in the headquarters of issue, or, when issued by a Headquarters, Department of the Army Staff agency, will be forwarded to The Adjutant General, Department of the Army, Washington, DC 20310, Attn: AGAO-N, for file.

(a) Awards to individuals. The award may be made to civilians who are not employed by the Department of the Army and were not so employed during the period for which the services are being recognized. It is intended that this certificate be used when the services to be recognized do not fulfill all the requirements for a decoration, but are outstanding to a degree which merits public recognition by the Army in the local area. When this certificate is presented as an individual award the recipient will be furnished with the Patriotic Civilian Service lapel button.

(b) Awards to organizations, companies, etc. The award may be made to business firms, fraternal organizations, quasi-military units, etc., on the same basis as stated above for individual awards. No lapel button or other device accompanies the certificate and citation when presented to organizations.

(c) Supply. This is a standard Department of the Army certificate which may be obtained by a written request to The Adjutant General, Department of the Army, Washington, DC 20310, Attn: AGPS-AD. The certificates when provided will bear the signature of the Secretary of the Army in the lower right and will be countersigned on the left by the major commander or head of a Headquarters, Department of the Army Staff agency making the award. Patriotic Civilian Service Lapel Buttons will be obtained in the same manner. Not more than a 6-month supply of certificates and lapel buttons will be maintained by using agencies.

(a) As a token of appreciation and in recognition of services rendered by those who died in the service of their country, an Accolade signed by the President is issued to the next of kin of record of all military personnel whose death occurred in line of duty during World War II, December 7, 1941, to July 25, 1947, both dates inclusive, and in Korea during military operations from June 27, 1950, to July 27, 1954, inclusive. The Accolade is also issued to the next of kin of civilians who died overseas or as a result of injury or disease contracted while serving in a civilian capacity with the Armed Forces of the United States during the dates and/or in the areas prescribed above in connection with military personnel.

(1) The Accolade reads as follows:

(2) Accolades will be issued by The Adjutant General upon receipt of reports of death.

(b) In order to provide an appropriate identification for widows, parents, and certain next of kin of members of the Armed Forces of the United States who lost their lives in World War I, April 6, 1917 to March 3, 1921; World War II, September 8, 1939 to July 25, 1947; Korean operations, June 27, 1950 to July 27, 1954; or during any subsequent war or period of armed hostilities in which the United States may be engaged, a Gold Star lapel button was established by an Act of Congress on August 1, 1947.

(1) The Gold Star lapel button consists of a gold star on a purple circular background, bordered in gold and surrounded by gold laurel leaves. On the reverse is the inscription “United States of America, Act of Congress, August 1947,” with space for engraving the initials of the recipient.

(2) One Gold Star lapel button will be furnished without cost to the widow or widower and to each of the parents of a member of the Armed Forces who lost his or her life while in the active military service during the periods indicated above. The term “widow or widower” includes those who have since remarried, and the term “parents” included mother, father, stepmother, stepfather, mother through adoption, father through adoption, and foster parents who stood in loco parentis.

(3) One Gold Star lapel button will be furnished at cost price to each child, stepchild, child through adoption, brother, half brother, sister, and half sister of a member of the Armed Forces who lost his or her life during any period indicated herein.

(4) Letter applications for Gold Star lapel buttons may be submitted to The Adjutant General or to the Commanding Officer, Army Records Center, 9700 Page Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, by eligible next of kin of deceased Army personnel enumerated in paragraphs (b) (2) and (3) of this section.

(5) Under the act, only one Gold Star lapel button will be furnished to eligible individuals, except that whenever a Gold Star lapel button has been lost, destroyed, or rendered unfit for use, without fault or neglect on the part of the person to whom it was furnished, such button may be replaced at cost price upon application to The Adjutant General. Private manufacture and/or sale of the Gold Star lapel button is prohibited. The design will not be incorporated in any manner in any article manufactured commercially or privately. The law prescribes a fine of $1,000 and/or imprisonment for 2 years as a penalty for unauthorized wearing or counterfeiting of the Gold Star lapel button, or for possessing a counterfeit of this button.

(a) Certificate of Honorable Service. A Certificate of Honorable Service (DA Form 1563) is issued to the closest next of kin of record in recognition of services rendered by those who die in line of duty while in active military service in time of peace when the Accolade is not appropriate.

(1) The certificate reads as follows:

(2) Certificates of Honorable Service will be issued by The Adjutant General upon receipt of reports of death.

(b) A Record of Service—Deceased Military Personnel (DA Form 53A). Form 53A will be issued for all military personnel who die while in the active military service or while taking inactive status training as reservists not on active duty, regardless of line of duty status. Commanding officer having custody of the individual's rec-ords at time of death will prepare the form in duplicate. The original will be forwarded to the closest next of kin of record of the deceased individual in the following order: Widow or widower, eldest son, eldest daughter, father, mother, eldest brother, eldest sister, eldest grandchild.

Commanding officers may recognize periods of faithful service, acts, or achievements which do not meet the standards required for decorations by issuing to individual United States military personnel and United States civilian citizens a Certificate of Achievement.

(a) The Certificate of Achievement may be devised locally by commanding officers and issued under such regulations as they may prescribe; may be printed or lithographed; and may bear reproductions of authorized insignia. A Certificate of Achievement may be used locally for awarding the Good Conduct Medal.

(b) No distinguishing device is authorized for wear to indicate the receipt of a Certificate of Achievement.

(a) A Special Certificate of Achievement for issuance to information media, civic, fraternal, and other types of organizations and groups who have actively supported the Army in its public and community relations efforts, including the Reserve Forces Program, has been established. This special certificate is designed to give official Department of the Army recognition to civilian groups and organizations who have made an exceptional contribution to the development of public understanding of the Army, gaining for it greater public confidence and support. Consideration should be given to the award of this certificate as an expression of the appreciation of the Army for the service rendered by civilian organizations which have contributed directly to improved relationship between members of local military commands and civilian communities. The award may be made in recognition of service rendered over a prolonged period of time, or for a specific one-time program or service considered to be so outstanding as to merit commendation by the Secretary of the Army.

(b) Letter recommendations for issuance of the Special Certificate of Achievement for Public and Community Relations will be submitted to the Chief of Information, Department of the Army, Washington, DC 20310, through military channels. Recommendations will include a detailed description of the contributions made by the nominee, the inclusive dates of the period during which the contributions were made, and a proposed citation. The value of these contributions to the Army must be clearly indicated. No distinguishing device is authorized for wear by members of the cited organization.

(c) Presentation of the special certificate will be made in a manner commensurate with the significance of the award.

(a) Purpose. Service (campaign) medals denote honorable performance of military duty within specified limiting dates in specified geographical areas. With the exception of the Medal of Humane Action and the Armed Forces Reserve Medal they are awarded only for active Federal military service.

(b) Awarding. Awarding of service medals is effected pursuant to announcement of criteria by the Secretary of the Army in Department of the Army Bulletins or General Orders. A service medal thus is automatically awarded to each individual who meets the published criteria. Orders are not required.

(c) Requisitioning. Service medals for service prior to World War I will not be requisitioned for display purposes since only minimum essential quantities are available for issue to authorized recipients.

(d) Duplicating awards. Not more than one service medal will be awarded for service involving identical or overlapping periods of time, except that each of the following groups of service medals may be awarded to an individual provided he meets the criteria prescribed hereinafter.

(1) World War I Victory Medal and Mexican Service Medal.

(2) World War II Victory Medal and one or more of the campaign medals for that war.

(3) Medal for Humane Action and Army of Occupation Medal.

(4) National Defense Medal, Korean Service Medal, and United Nations Service Medal.

(5) Armed Forces Reserve Medal and any other service medal listed hereinafter.

(a) Purpose. The Good Conduct Medal, established by Executive Order 8809 and amended by Executive Order 9323 and by Executive Order 10444 is awarded for exemplary behavior, efficiency, and fidelity in active Federal military service. It is awarded on a selective basis to each soldier who distinguishes himself from among his fellow soldiers by his exemplary conduct, efficiency, and fidelity while in an enlisted status. There is no right or entitlement to the medal until the immediate commander has made positive recommendation for its award, and until the awarding authority has announced the award in General Orders. To qualify for an award of the Good Conduct Medal, an enlisted person must meet specified criteria throughout a specified period of continuous enlisted active Federal military service, as outlined in this section.

(b) Awarding authority. General and field grade officer commanders are authorized to award the Good Conduct Medal (original and subsequent awards) to enlisted personnel serving under their command jurisdiction who meet the established criteria. This delegated authority is limited to service during the 36 calendar months immediately preceding the date of current considerations. Personnel processing installation or activity commanders are prohibited from awarding the Good Conduct Medal to personnel other than members of their own permanent party.

(c) Special provisions. (1) Qualifying periods of service must be continuous enlisted active Federal military service. When an interval in excess of 24 hours occurs between enlistments, that portion of service prior to the interruption is not creditable toward an award.

(2) Entry into service as a cadet or midshipman at any United States service academy or discharge from enlisted status for immedate entry on active duty in an officer status is considered termination of service for the purpose of awarding the Good Conduct Medal.

(3) A qualified person scheduled for separation from active Federal military service should receive the award at his last duty station. Such award is authorized up to 30 days prior to the soldier's departure en route to a separation processing installation in CONUS or overseas. Orders announcing such advance awards will indicate the closing date of periods for the award prefixed with “DOSOA” (indicating “Date of separation on or about”).

(4) An award made for any authorized period of less than 3 years must be for the total period of obligated active Federal military service.

(5) Discharge under provisions of AR 635-205 for immediate (re) + enlistment is not termination of service.

(6) Retroactive awards will be made only by The Adjutant General after favorable consideration of requests, submitted through channels, which include adequate evidence of injustice.

(d) Qualifying periods of service. Any one of the following periods of continuous enlisted active Federal military service qualifies for award of the Good Conduct Medal or of a Clasp, in conjunction with the criteria in paragraph (e) of this section.

(1) Each 3 years completed on or after August 26, 1940.

(2) For first award only, 1 year served entirely during the period December 7, 1941 to March 2, 1946.

(3) For the first award only, upon termination of service on or after June 27, 1950, of less than 3 years but more than 1 year.

(4) For first award only, upon termination of service, on or after June 27, 1950, of less than 1 year when final separation was by reason of physical disability incurred in line of duty.

(e) Criteria. Throughout a qualifying period each enlisted person must meet all of the following criteria for an award.

(1) All conduct (character) and efficiency ratings must be recorded as “Excellent” except that:

(i) Ratings of “Unknown” for portions of the period under consideration are not disqualifying.

(ii) Service school efficiency ratings based upon academic proficiency of at least “Good” rendered subsequent to November 22, 1955 are not disqualifying.

(2) No conviction by court-martial during the period.

(3) The individual must not be serving in, nor have been serving at the time of separation in, an assignment of the type designated as “specially controlled duties” in AR 604-10.

(f) Basis for recommendation. Recommendation by the individual's immediate unit commander is required for award of the Good Conduct Medal by the approving authority. Such commander's recommendation will be based on his personal knowledge and on the individual's official records for periods of service under prior commanders during the period for which the award is to be made. The lack of official disqualifying comment by such previous commanders qualifies the use of such periods toward the award by current commander.

(g) Clasp. A good Conduct Medal Clasp is awarded for wear on the Good Conduct Medal suspension ribbon and service ribbon to denote a second or subsequent award of the medal. Not more than one Good Conduction Medal may be awarded to any one person.

(h) Presentation. Presentation of the Good Conduct Medal to military personnel may be made at troop formations.

(i) Description. The Good Conduct Medal of bronze is 11/4 inches in diameter. On the obverse is an eagle standing on a closed book and Roman sword, encircled by the words “Efficiency-Honor-Fidelity.” On the reverse is a five-pointed star and a scroll between the words “For Good” and “Conduct,” surrounded by a wreath formed by a laurel branch on the left and an oak branch on the right. The medal is suspended by a ring from a silk moire ribbon 13/8 inches long and 13/8 inches wide composed of stripes of red (1/16 inch), white (1/16 inch), red (1/16 inch), white (1/16 inch), red (1/16 inch), white (1/16 inch), red (5/8 inch), white (1/16 inch), red (1/16 inch), white (1/16 inch), red (1/16 inch), white (1/16 inch), and red (1/16 inch).

Established by WD General Orders 12, 1907.

(a) Description. The medal of bronze is 11/4 inches in diameter. On the obverse is the head of Lincoln, nearly in profile, facing sinister, surrounded by the words “With malice toward none, with charity for all.” On the reverse are the words “The Civil War,” and below this the dates “1861-1865,” surrounded by a wreath formed by a branch of oak on the left and a branch of olive on the right, the stems joined at the bottom by a conventional knot. The medal is suspended by a ring from a silk moire ribbon 13/8 inches in length and 13/8 inches in width composed of a blue band (11/16 inch) and a gray band (11/16 inch).

(b) Requirements. Service between April 15, 1861, and April 9, 1865, or in Texas between April 15, 1861, and August 20, 1866.

Established by WD General Orders 12, 1907.

(a) Description. The medal of bronze is 11/4 inches in diameter. On the obverse is a mounted Indian facing sinister, wearing a war bonnet, and carrying a spear in his right hand. Above the horseman are the words “Indian Wars,” and below, on either side of a buffalo skull, the circle is completed by arrowheads, conventionally arranged. On the reverse is a trophy, composed of an eagle perched on a cannon supported by crossed flags, rifles, an Indian shield, spear, and quiver of arrows, a Cuban machete, and a Sulu kriss. Below the trophy are the words “For Service.” The whole is surrounded by a circle composed of the words “United States Army” in the upper half and thirteen stars in the lower half. The medal is suspended by a ring from a silk moire ribbon 13/8 inches in length and 13/8 inches in width composed of a red stripe (1/4 inch), black stripe (3/16 inch), red band (1/2 inch), black stripe (3/16 inch), and red stripe (1/4 inch).

(b) Requirements. Service in any of the following campaigns:

(1) Southern Oregon, Idaho, northern California, and Nevada between 1865 and 1868.

(2) Against the Comanches and confederate tribes in Kansas, Colorado, Texas, New Mexico, and Indian Territory between 1867 and 1875.

(3) Modoc War between 1872 and 1873.

(4) Against the Apaches in Arizona in 1873.

(5) Against the Northern Cheyennes and Sioux between 1876 and 1877.

(6) Nez Perce War in 1877.

(7) Bannock War in 1878.

(8) Against the Northern Cheyennes between 1878 and 1879.

(9) Against the Sheep-Eaters, Piutes, and Bannocks between June and October, 1879.

(10) Against the Utes in Colorado and Utah between September 1879 and November 1880.

(11) Against the Apaches in Arizona and New Mexico between 1885 and 1886.

(12) Against the Sioux in South Dakota between November 1890 and January 1891.

(13) Against hostile Indians in any other action in which United States troops were killed or wounded between 1865 and 1891.

Established by WD General Orders 5, 1905.

(a) Description. The medal of bronze is 11/4 inches in diameter. On the obverse is a conventional castle with the addition of two round-corner towers within a circle composed of the words “War with Spain” in the upper half and in the lower half the date “1898” at the bottom, with a branch of the tobacco plant on the left and a stalk of sugarcane on the right. The reverse is the same as that of the Indian Campaign Medal. The medal is suspended by a ring from a silk moire ribbon 13/8 inches in length and 13/8 inches in width composed of a yellow stripe (1/8 inch), blue band (3/8 inch), a yellow band (3/8 inch), blue band (3/8 inch), and yellow stripe (1/8 inch).

(b) Requirements. Service ashore in or on the high seas en route to any of the following countries:

(1) Cuba between May 11, 1898, and July 17, 1898.

(2) Puerto Rico between July 14, 1898, and August 13, 1898.

(3) Philippine Islands between June 30, 1898, and August 16, 1898.

Established by Act of Congress July 9, 1918.

(a) Description. The medal of bronze is 11/4 inches in diameter. On the obverse is a sheathed Roman sword hanging on a tablet on which is inscribed “For service in the Spanish War.” The tablet is surrounded by a wreath. On the reverse is the coat of arms of the United States with a scroll below, all surrounded by a wreath displaying the insignia of the Infantry, Artillery, and Cavalry. The medal is suspended by a ring from a silk moire ribbon 13/8 inches in length and 13/8 inches in width composed of a green stripe (1/8 inch), yellow stripe (1/4 inch), green band (5/8 inch), yellow stripe (1/4 inch), and green stripe (1/8 inch).

(b) Requirements. Service between April 20, 1898, and April 11, 1899, by persons not eligible for the Spanish Campaign Medal.

Established by WD General Orders 40, 1915.

(a) Description. The medal of bronze is 11/4 inches in diameter. On the obverse is the coat of arms of the Cuban Republic, with wreath and fasces. Around the circumference are the words “Army of Occupation, Military Government of Cuba,” and above the shield the dates “1898” and “1902.” The reverse is the same as that of the Indian Campaign Medal. The medal is suspended by a ring from a silk moire ribbon 13/8 inches in length and 13/8 inches in width composed of a blue stripe (1/16 inch), red band (3/8 inch), yellow stripe (1/16 inch), blue band (3/8 inch), yellow stripe (1/16 inch), red band (3/8 inch), and blue stripe (1/16 inch).

(b) Requirements. Service in Cuba between July 18, 1898, and May 20, 1902.

Established by WD Compilation of Orders, Changes 15, February 4, 1919.

(a) Description. The medal of bronze is 11/4 inches in diameter. On the obverse is a conventional castle with the addition of two round-corner towers within a circle composed of the words “Army of Occupation, Porto Rico” in the upper half and in the lower half the date “1898” at the bottom, with a branch of the tobacco plant on the left and a stalk of sugarcane on the right. The reverse is the same as that of the Indian Campaign Medal. The medal is suspended by a ring from a silk moire ribbon 13/8 inches in length and 13/8 inches in width composed of a red stripe (1/16 inch), blue band (3/8 inch), yellow stripe (1/16 inch), red band (3/8 inch), yellow stripe (1/16 inch), blue band (3/8 inch), and red stripe (1/16 inch).

(b) Requirements. Service in Puerto Rico between August 14, 1898, and December 10, 1898.

Established by WD General Orders 5, 1905.

(a) Description. The medal of bronze is 11/4 inches in diameter. On the obverse is a conventional coconut-palm tree. On the left of it is a lamp of knowledge and on the right the scales of justice. The whole is in a circle composed of the words “Philippine Insurrection.” and the date “1899” at the bottom. The reverse is the same as that of the Indian Campaign Medal. The medal is suspended by a ring from a silk moire ribbon 13/8 inches in length and 13/8 inches in width composed of a blue stripe (1/16 inch), red band (5/16 inch), blue band (5/8 inch), red band (5/16 inch), and blue stripe (1/16 inch).

(b) Requirements. Service in the Philippine Islands under any of the following conditions:

(1) Ashore between February 4, 1899, and July 4, 1902.

(2) Ashore in the Department of Mindanao between February 4, 1899, and December 31, 1904.

(3) In operations against the Pulajanes on Leyte between July 20, 1906, and July 30, 1907, or on Samar between August 2, 1904, and June 30, 1907.

(4) With any of the following expeditions:

(i) Against Pala on Jolo between April and May 1905.

(ii) Against Datu Ali on Mindanao in October 1905.

(iii) Against hostile Moros on Mount Bud-Dajo, Jolo, March 1906.

(iv) Against hostile Moros on Mount Bagsac, Jolo, between January and July 1913.

(v) Against hostile Moros on Mindanao or Jolo between 1910 and 1913.

(5) In any other action against hostile natives in which United States troops were killed or wounded between February 4, 1899, and December 31, 1913.

Established by Act of Congress June 29, 1906.

(a) Description. The medal of bronze is 11/4 inches in diameter. On the obverse is a group composed of a color bearer holding a flag of the United States and supported by two men with rifles on their shoulders, the three facing dexter. The flag extends to the rim between the words “Phillipine” and “Insurrection.” Below the group is the date “1899.” On the reverse are the words “For patriotism, fortitude, and loyalty” in a wreath composed of a branch of pine on the left and a branch of palm on the right, the stems joined by a conventional knot. The medal is suspended by a ring from a silk moire ribbon 13/8 inches in length and 13/8 inches in width composed of a blue stripe (1/16 inch), white stripe (1/16 inch), red stripe (1/8 inch), white stripe (1/8 inch), blue band (5/8 inch), white stripe (1/8 inch), red stripe (1/8 inch), white stripe (1/16 inch), and blue stripe (1/16 inch).

(b) Requirements. Service, meeting all the following conditions:

(1) Under a call of the President entered the Army between April 21 and October 26, 1898.

(2) Served beyond the date on which entitled to discharge.

(3) Ashore in the Philippine Islands between February 4, 1899, and July 4, 1902.

Established by WD General Orders 5, 1905.

(a) Description. The medal of bronze is 11/4 inches in diameter. On the obverse is the Imperial Chinese five-toed dragon with the head in full face in the middle, within a circle composed of the words “China Relief Expedition,” with the dates “1900-1901” at the bottom. The reverse is the same as that of the Indian Campaign Medal. The medal is suspended by a ring from a silk moire ribbon 13/8 inches in length and 13/8 inches in width, composed of a blue stripe (1/16 inch), a yellow band (11/4 inches), and a blue stripe (1/16 inch).

(b) Requirements. Service ashore in China with the Peking Relief expedition between June 20, 1900, and May 27, 1901.

Established by WD General Orders 96, 1909.

(a) Description. The medal of bronze is 11/4 inches in diameter. On the obverse is the coat of arms of the Cuban Republic with wreath and fasces, supported by two American soldiers with rifles, at parade rest. Above the group are the words “Cuban Pacification,” below are the dates “1906-1909.” The reverse is the same as that of the Indian Campaign Medal. The medal is suspended by a ring from a silk moire ribbon 13/8 inches in length and 13/8 inches in width composed of a red stripe (1/8 inch), white stripe (1/8 inch), blue stripe (1/8 inch) olive-drab band (5/8 inch), blue stripe (1/8 inch), white stripe (1/8 inch), and red stripe (1/8 inch).

(b) Requirements. Service in Cuba between October 6, 1906, and April 1, 1909.

Established by WD General Orders 155, 1917.

(a) Description. The medal of bronze is 11/4 inches in diameter. On the obverse is the Mexican Yucca plant in flower, with mountains in the background. Above the yucca plant are the words “Mexican Service” in the upper half and in the lower half the dates “1911-1917” arranged in a circle. The reverse is the same as that of the Indian Campaign Medal. The medal is suspended by a ring from a silk moire ribbon 13/8 inches in length and 13/8 inches in width composed of a green stripe (1/8 inch), yellow band (3/8 inch), blueband (3/8 inch), yellow band (3/8 inch), and green stripe (1/8 inch).

(b) Requirements. Service in any of the following expeditions or engagements:

(1) With the Vera Cruz Expedition in Mexico between April 24, 1914, and November 26, 1914.

(2) With the Punitive Expedition in Mexico between March 14, 1916, and February 7, 1917.

(3) In the following engagements:

(i) Buena Vista, Mexico, December 1, 1917.

(ii) San Bernardino Canon, Mexico, December 26, 1917.

(iii) La Grulla, Texas, January 8 and 9, 1918.

(iv) Pilares, Mexico, March 28, 1918.

(v) Nogales, Arizona, August 27, 1918, or November 1 to 5, 1915.

(vi) El Paso, Texas, and Juarez, Mexico, June 15 and 16, 1919.

(vii) Any other action against hostile Mexicans in which United States troops were killed or wounded between April 12, 1911, and February 7, 1917.

Established by Act of Congress July 9, 1918.

(a) Description. The medal of bronze is 11/4 inches in diameter. On the obverse is a sheathed Roman sword hanging on a tablet on which is inscribed “For service on the Mexican border.” The tablet is surrounded by a wreath. The reverse is the same as that of the Spanish War Service Medal. The medal is suspended by a ring from a silk moire ribbon 13/8 inches in length and 13/8 inches in width composed of a green band (7/16 inch), yellow band (1/2 inch), and green band (7/16 inch).

(b) Requirements. Service between May 9, 1916 and March 24, 1917, or with the Mexican Border Patrol between January 1, 1916, and April 6, 1917, by persons not eligible for the Mexican Service Medal.

Established by WD General Orders 48, 1919.

(a) Description. The medal of bronze is 36 millimeters in diameter. On the obverse is a winged Victory standing full length and full face. On the reverse is the inscription “The Great War for Civilization” and the coat of arms for the United States surmounted by a fasces, and on either side the names of the Allied and Associated Nations. The medal is suspended by a ring from a silk moire ribbon 13/8 inches in length and 36 millimeters in width, composed of two rainbows placed in juxtaposition and having the red in the middle, with a white thread along each edge.

(b) Requirements. Service between April 6, 1917, and November 11, 1918, or with either of the following expeditions:

(1) American Expeditionary Forces in European Russia between November 12, 1918, and August 5, 1919.

(2) American Expeditionary Forces in Siberia between November 12, 1918, and April 1, 1920.

(c) Clasps. Two types of clasps are authorized.

(1) Battle clasps—(i) Requirements. Combat service, one clasp for each campaign. The individual must have been actually present for duty under competent orders in the combat zone during the period in which the organization was engaged in combat. For service in an engagement not included in a named campaign, a defensive sector clasp will be awarded, not more than one such clasp being awarded to any individual regardless of the number of engagements.

(ii) Description. The clasp is a bronze bar 1/8 inch in width and 11/2 inches in length with the name of the campaign or the words “Defensive Sector” with a star at each end of the inscription.

(2) Service clasps—(i) Requirements. Service in France, Italy, Siberia, European Russia, or England, as a member of a crew of a transport sailing between the United States and those countries, and by persons not eligible for battle clasps who served with the areas outlined above. Only one service clasp will be awarded to any individual.

(ii) Description. The clasp is a bronze bar 1/8 inch in width and 11/2 inches in length with the name of the country in which the service was performed inscribed thereon.

(d) Service Stars—(1) Requirements. Possession of a battle clasp and/or defensive sector clasp is denoted by a bronze service star worn on the service ribbon of the medal, one bronze star for each clasp.

(2) Description. The service star is a bronze or silver five-pointed star 3/16 inch in diameter. A silver service star is authorized for wear in lieu of five bronze service stars.

Established by Act of November 21, 1941 (55 Stat. 781).

(a) Description. The medal of bronze is 11/4 inches in diameter. On the obverse is a profile of General John J. Pershing, facing dexter in uniform of World War I. Around the upper edge are four, five-pointed stars, on the left the inscription “General John J. Pershing,” and on the right an unsheathed sword point up within a laurel wreath with the years “1918” and “1923.” On the reverse is an eagle with wings displayed and inverted standing on Castle Ehrenbreitstein within a circle composed of the words “U.S. Army of Occupation of Germany” and three, five-pointed stars. The medal is suspended by a ring from a silk moire ribbon 13/8 inches in length and 13/8 inches in width, composed of a blue stripe (1/16 inch), red stripe (1/16 inch), white stripe (3/16 inch), (black band (3/4 inch), white stripe (3/16 inch), red stripe (1/16 inch), and blue stripe (1/16 inch).

(b) Requirements. Service in Germany or Austria-Hungary between November 12, 1918, and July 11, 1923.

Established by Executive Order 8808 (3 CFR, 1943, Cum. Supp.).

(a) Description. The medal of bronze is 11/4 inches in diameter. On the obverse is a female Grecian figure symbolic of defense, holding in her sinister hand an ancient war shield in reverse and her dexter hand brandishing a sword above her head, and standing upon a conventionalized oak branch with four leaves. Around the top is the lettering “American Defense.” On the reverse is the wording “For service during the limited emergency proclaimed by the President on September 8, 1939 or during the unlimited emergency proclaimed by the President on May 27, 1941” above a seven-leaved spray. The medal is suspended by a ring from a silk moire ribbon 13/8 inches in length and 13/8 inches in width composed of a golden yellow stripe (3/16 inch), blue stripe (1/24 inch), white stripe (1/24 inch), red stripe (1/24 inch) golden yellow band (3/4 inch), red stripe (1/24 inch), white stripe (1/24 inch), blue stripe (1/24 inch), and golden yellow stripe (3/16 inch).

(b) Requirements. Service between September 8, 1939, and December 7, 1941, under orders to active duty for a period of 12 months or longer.

(c) Foreign service clasp—(1) Requirements. Service outside the continental limits of the United States, including service in Alaska, as a member of a crew of a vessel sailing ocean waters, as a member of an operating crew of an airplane participating in regular and frequent flights over ocean waters, or as an assigned member of an organization stationed outside the continental limits of the United States.

(2) Description. The clasp is a bronze bar 1/8 inch in width and 11/2 inches in length with the words “Foreign Service” with a star at each end of the inscription.

(d) Service star—(1) Requirements Possession of a foreign service clasp is denoted by the wearing of a bronze service star on the service ribbon.

(2) Description. See § 578.40(d)(2).

Established by Executive Order 9365 (3 CFR, 1943 Cum. Supp.)

(a) Description. The medal of bronze is 11/4 inches in diameter. On the obverse is the head of Pallas Athene in profile facing dexter, superimposed on a sheathed sword crossed with oak leaves and a palm branch within a circle composed of the words “Women's” in the upper half, and in the lower half “Army Corps.” On the reverse, within an arrangement of 13 stars, is a scroll bearing the words “For service in the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps” in front of the letters “U S” in lower relief at the top and perched on the scroll is an eagle with wings elevated and displayed, and at the bottom, the dates “1942-1943.” The medal is suspended by a ring from a silk moire ribbon 13/8 inches in length and 13/8 inches in width composed of an old gold stripe (1/8 inch), moss-tone green band (11/8 inches), and old gold stripe (1/8 inch).

(b) Requirements. Service in both the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps between July 20, 1942, and August 31, 1943, and the Women's Army Corps between September 1, 1943, and September 2, 1945.

Established by Executive Order 9265 (3 CFR, 1943 Cum. Supp.)

(a) Description. A medal of bronze 11/4 inches in diameter. On the obverse a Navy cruiser under full steam with a B-24 airplane flying overhead with a sinking enemy submarine in the foreground on three wave symbols, in background a few buildings, representing the arsenal of democracy, above this scene and words “American Campaign.” On the reverse an American bald close eagle between the dates “1941-1945” and the words “United States of America.” The medal is suspended by a ring from a silk moire ribbon 13/8 inches in length and 13/8 inches in width composed of a blue stripe (3/16 inch), white stripe (1/16 inch), black stripe (1/16 inch), red stripe (1/16 inch), white stripe (1/16 inch), blue stripe (3/16 inch), dark blue stripe (1/24 inch), white stripe (1/24 inch), red stripe (1/24 inch), blue stripe (3/16 inch), white stripe (1/16 inch), red stripe (1/16 inch), black stripe (1/16 inch), white stripe (1/16 inch), and blue stripe (3/16 inch).

(b) Requirements. Service within the American Theater between December 7, 1941, and March 2, 1946, under any of the following conditions:

(1) On permanent assignment outside the continental limits of the United States.

(2) Permanently assigned as a member of a crew of a vessel sailing ocean waters for a period of 30 consecutive days, or 60 days not consecutive.

(3) Outside the continental limits of the United States in a passenger status or on temporary duty for 30 consecutive days or 60 days not consecutive.

(4) In active combat against the enemy and was awarded a combat decoration or furnished a certificate by the commanding general of a corps, higher unit, or independent force that he actually participated in combat.

(5) Within the continental limits of the United States for an aggregate period of 1 year.

(c) Boundaries of the American Theater—(1) Eastern boundary. From the North Pole, south along the 75th meridian west longitude to the 77th parallel north latitude thence southeast through Davis Strait to the intersection of the 40th parallel north latitude and the 35th meridian west longitude, thence south along the meridian to the 10th parallel north latitude, thence southeast to the intersection of the Equator and the 20th meridian west longitude, thence south along the 20th meridian west longitude to the South Pole.

(2) Western boundary. From the North Pole, south along the 141st meridian west longitude to the east boundary of Alaska, thence south and southeast along the Alaska boundary to the Pacific Ocean, thence south along the 130th meridian to its intersection with the 30th parallel north latitude, thence southeast to the intersection of the Equator and the 100th meridian west longitude to the South Pole.

(d) Service star—(1) Requirements. Combat service within the American Theater, one bronze service star for the Antisubmarine Campaign. The individual must have been assigned, or attached, to and present for duty with a unit credited with the Campaign.

(2) Description. See § 578.40(d)(2).

Established by Executive Order 9265 (3 CFR, 1943 Cum. Supp.).

(a) Description. A medal of bronze 11/4 inches in diameter. On the obverse a tropical landing scene with a battleship, aircraft carrier, submarine and aircraft in the background with landing troops and palm trees in the foreground: above this scene the words “Asiatic-Pacific Campaign.” The reverse is the same as that of the American Campaign Medal. The medal is suspended by a ring from a silk moire ribbon 13/8 inches in length and 13/8 inches in width composed of an orange stripe (3/16 inch), white stripe (1/16 inch), red stripe (1/16 inch), white stripe (1/16 inch), orange stripe (1/4 inch), blue stripe (1/24 inch), white stripe (1/24 inch), red stripe (1/24 inch), orange stripe (1/4 inch), white stripe (1/16 inch), red stripe (1/16 inch), white stripe (1/16 inch), and orange stripe (3/16 inch).

(b) Requirements. Service within the Asiatic-Pacific Theater between December 7, 1941, and March 2, 1946, under any of the following conditions:

(1) On permanent assignment.

(2) In a passenger status or on temporary duty for 30 consecutive days or 60 days not consecutive.

(3) In active combat against the enemy and was awarded a combat decoration or furnished a certificate by the commanding general of a corps, higher unit, or independent force that he actually participated in combat.

(c) Boundaries of the Asiatic-Pacific Theater—(1) Eastern boundary. Coincident with the western boundary of the American Theater (§ 578.44(c)(2)).

(2) Western boundary. From the North Pole, south along the 60th meridian east longitude to its intersection with the east boundary of Iran, thence south along the Iran boundary to the Gulf of Oman and the intersection of the 60th meridian east longitude, thence south along the 60th meridian east longitude, to the South Pole.

(d) Service star—(1) Description. See § 578.40(d)(2).

(2) Requirements. Combat service within the Asiatic-Pacific Theater, one bronze service star for each campaign. The individual must meet any of the following conditions:

(i) Assigned, or attached, to and present for duty with a unit during the period in which it participated in combat.

(ii) Under orders in the combat zone and in addition meets any of the following requirements:

(a) Awarded a combat decoration.

(b) Furnished a certificate by a commanding general of a corps, higher unit, or independent force that he actually participated in combat.

(c) Served at a normal post of duty (as contrasted to occupying the status of an inspector, observer, or visitor).

(d) Aboard a vessel other than in a passenger status and furnished a certificate by the home port commander of the vessel that he served in the combat zone.

(iii) Was an evadee or escapee in the combat zone or recovered from a prisoner of war status in the combat zone during the time limitations of the campaign. Prisoners of war will not be accorded credit for the time spend in confinement or while otherwise in restraint under enemy control.

(e) Arrowhead—(1) Description. The arrowhead is a bronze replica of an Indian arrowhead 1/4 inch in height and 1/8 inch in width.

(2) Requirements. Participated in a combat parachute jump, combat glider landing, or amphibious assault landing within the Asiatic-Pacific theater while assigned or attached as a member of an organized force carrying out an assigned tactical mission.

Established by Act July 6, 1945 (59 Stat. 461; 10 U.S.C. 1430c).

(a) Description. The medal of bronze is 36 millimeters in diameter. On the obverse is a figure of Liberation standing full length with head turned to dexter looking to the dawn of a new day, right foot resting on a war god's helmet with the hilt of a broken sword in the right hand and the broken blade in the left hand, the inscription “World War II” horizontally placed immediately below center. On the reverse are the inscriptions “Freedom from fear and want” and “Freedom of speech and religion” separated by a palm branch, all within a circle composed of the words “United States of America—1941-1945.” The medal is suspended by a ring from a silk moire ribbon 13/8 inches in length and 13/8 inches in width composed of a double rainbow in juxtaposition (3/8 inch), white stripe (1/32 inch), red band (9/16 inch), white stripe (1/32 inch), and double rainbow in juxtaposition (3/8 inch).

(b) Requirements. Service between December 7, 1941, and December 31, 1946, both dates inclusive.

Established by section I, WD General Orders 32, 1946:

(a) Requirements. Service for 30 consecutive days at a normal post of duty (as contrasted to inspector, visitor, courier, escort, passenger status, temporary duty, or detached service) while assigned to any of the following armies of occupation:

(1) Army of Occupation of Germany (exclusive of Berlin) between May 9, 1945, and May 5, 1955. (Service between May 9, and November 8, 1945, will be counted only if the European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal was awarded for service prior to May 8, 1945.)

(i) Service for the prescribed period with an organization which has been designated in Department of the Army general orders as having met the requirements for the Berlin airlift device on an individual basis in orders issued by appropriate field authority will qualify the individual for the award.

(ii) The orders announcing the award of the Berlin airlift device will specifically award the Army of Occupation Medal to persons not otherwise eligible therefor.

(2) Army of Occupation of Austria between May 9, 1945, and July 27, 1955. (Service between May 9, and November 8, 1945, will be counted only if the European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal was awarded for service prior to May 9, 1945.)

(3) Army of Occupation of Berlin between May 9, 1945, and a terminal date to be announced later. (Service between May 9, and November 8, 1945, will be counted only if the European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal was awarded for service prior to May 9, 1945.)

(4) Army of Occupation of Italy between May 9, 1945, and September 15, 1947, in the compartment of Venezia Giulia E Zara or Province of Udine, or with a unit in Italy as designated in DA General Orders 4, 1947. (Service between May 9, and November 8, 1945, will be counted only if the European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal was awarded for service prior to May 9, 1945.)

(5) Army of Occupation of Japan between September 3, 1945, and April 27, 1952, in the four main islands of Hokkaido, Honshu, Shokoku, and Kyushu, the surrounding small islands of the Japanese homeland, the Ryukyu Islands, and the Bonin-Volcano Islands. (Service between September 3, 1945, and March 2, 1946, will be counted only if the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal was awarded for service prior to September 3, 1945. In addition, service which meets the requirements for the Korean Service Medal as prescribed in § 578.48b will not be counted in determining eligibility for this medal.)

(6) Army Occupation of Korea between September 3, 1945, and June 29, 1949, inclusive. (Service between September 3, 1945, and March 2, 1946, will be counted only if the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal was awarded for service prior to September 3, 1945.)

(b) Description. The medal of bronze is 11/4 inches in diameter. On the obverse the Remagen Bridge abutments below the words “Army of Occupation.” On the reverse Fujiyama with a low hanging cloud over two Japanese junks above a wave scroll and the date “1945.” The medal is suspended by a ring from a silk moire ribbon 13/8 inches in length and 13/8 inches in width composed of a white stripe (3/16 inch), black band (1/2 inch), red band (1/2 inch), and white stripe (3/16 inch).

(c) Clasps—(1) Requirements. A clasp appropriately inscribed will be issued with each award of the Army of Occupation Medal to denote the area in which occupation duty was rendered.

(2) Description. The clasp is a bronze bar 1/8 inch in width and 11/2 inches in length with the word “Germany” or “Japan” inscribed thereon.

(d) Berlin airlift device—(1) Requirements. Service for 90 consecutive days with a unit credited with participation in the Berlin airlift, or awarded the device by competent field authority on an individual basis.

(2) Description. The Berlin airlift device is a gold colored metal miniature of a C-54 type aircraft of 3/8-inch wing span, other dimensions proportionate.

Established by the Act of July 20, 1949 (63 Stat. 447; 10 U.S.C. 1430d, Supp. III).

(a) Description. The medal of bronze is 11/4 inches in diameter. On the obverse is a facsimile of a C-54 airplane within a wreath of wheat centering at the bottom of the coat of arms of the city of Berlin, Germany. The reverse bears the eagle, shield, and arrows from the seal of the Department of Defense beneath the words “For Humane Action” and above the quotation “To Supply Necessities Of Life To The People of Berlin, Germany.” The medal is suspended by a ring from a silk moire ribbon 13/8 inches in length and 13/8 inches in width, banded in black (9/32 inch) on each edge symmetrically inclosing white strips (1/16 inch) outside blue bands (9/32 inch) followed by white stripes (3/64 inch) centering one stripe of red (1/32 inch).

(b) Requirements—(1) General. Service for at least 120 days during the period June 26, 1948, and September 30, 1949, inclusive, within the boundaries of the Berlin airlift operations prescribed in paragraph (c) of this section, while participating in the Berlin airlift or in direct support thereof, by the following individuals:

(i) Members of the Armed Forces of the United States.

(ii) Persons other than members of the Armed Forces of the United States when recommended for meritorious participation.

(2) Posthumous. Awards may be made to those persons who lost their lives while participating in the Berlin airlift, or as a direct result of participating therein, without regard to the length of such service, provided all other requirements prescribed in subparagraph (1) of this paragraph have been complied with.

(c) Boundaries of area of Berlin airlift operations—(1) Northern Boundary. 54th parallel north latitude.

(2) Eastern boundary. 14th meridian east longitude.

(3) Southern boundary. 48th parallel north latitude.

(4) Western boundary. 5th meridian west longitude.

(d) Awards. No individual will be awarded more than one Medal for Humane Action, regardless of the number of times he may qualify for an award.

Established by Executive Order 10179, November 9, 1950 (3 CFR, 1950 Supp.).

(a) Requirements. Service between June 27, 1950, and July 27, 1954, under any of the following conditions:

(1) Within the territorial limits of Korea or in the waters immediately adjacent thereto; or

(2) With a unit under the operational control of CINCFE, other than one within the territorial limits of Korea, which has been designated by the Commander in Chief, Far East, as having directly supported the military effort in Korea; or

(3) Was furnished an individual certificate by the Commander in Chief, Far East, testifying to material contribution made in direct support of the military effort in Korea.

(4) The service prescribed must have been performed while:

(i) On permanent assignment; or

(ii) On temporary duty for 30 consecutive days or 60 days not consecutive; or

(iii) In active combat against the enemy under conditions other than those prescribed in paragraphs (a)(4)(i) and (ii) of this section, provided a combat decoration has been awarded or an individual certificate has been furnished by the commander of an independent force or of a division, ship, or air group, or comparable or higher unit, testifying to such combat credit.

(b) Description. The medal of bronze is 11/4 inches in diameter. (Design to be announced later.) The medal is suspended by a ring from a silk moire ribbon 13/8 inches in length and 13/8 inches in width composed of a white stripe (1/32 inch), United Nations blue band (19/32 inch), white stripe (1/8 inch), United Nations blue band (19/32 inch), and white stripe (1/32 inch).

(c) Service star—(1) Requirements. Combat service within the Korean Theater between June 27, 1950, and a terminal date to be announced, one bronze service star for each campaign. Under any of the following conditions:

(i) Assigned, or attached, to and present for duty with a unit during the period in which it participated in combat.

(ii) Under order in the combat zone and in addition meets any of the following requirements:

(a) Awarded a combat decoration.

(b) Furnished a certificate by a commanding general of a corps, higher unit, or independent force that he actually participated in combat.

(c) Served at a normal post of duty (as contrasted to occupying the status of an inspector, observer, or visitor).

(d) Aboard a vessel other than in a passenger status and furnished a certificate by the home port commander of the vessel that he served in the combat zone.

(iii) Was an evadee or escapee in the combat zone or recovered from a prisoner of war status in the combat zone during the time limitations of the campaign. Prisoners of war will not be accorded credit for the time spent in confinement or while otherwise in restraint under enemy control.

(2) Description. See § 578.40(d)(2).

(d) Arrowhead—(1) Requirements. See § 578.45(e)(2).

(2) Description. See § 578.45 (e) (1).

Established by Executive Order 10163, as amended by Executive Order 10439. The reverse of this medal is struck in two designs for award to personnel whose Reserve component service has been primarily in the Organized Reserve or primarily in the National Guard. The first design portrays the Minute Man from the Organized Reserve Crest; the other design portrays the National Guard insignia.

(a) Requirements. Awarded for honorable and satisfactory service as a member or former member of one or more of the Reserve components of the Armed Forces of the United States, including the Coast Guard Reserve and the Marine Corps Reserve, for a period of 10 years under the following conditions:

(1) Such years of service must have been performed within a period of 12 consecutive years.

(2) Each year of active or inactive honorable service prior to July 1, 1949, in any Reserve component listed in part 563 of this chapter, will be credited toward award. For service performed on or after July 1, 1949, a member must accumulate during each anniversary year a minimum of 50 retirement points as prescribed in part 563 of this chapter.

(3) Service in a regular component of the Armed Forces, including the Coast Guard, is excluded except that service in a Reserve component which is concurrent in whole or in part with service in a regular component will be included.

(4) Any period during which Reserve service is interrupted by one or more of the following will be excluded in computing, but will not be considered as a break in the period of 12 years:

(i) Service in a regular component of the Armed Forces; or

(ii) During tenure of office by any State official chosen by the voters of the entire State, territory, or possession; or

(iii) During tenure of office of member of the legislative body of the United States or of any State, territory, or possession; and

(iv) While serving as judge of a court of record of the United States, or of any State, territory, possession, or the District of Columbia.

(b) Ten-year device. One 10-year device is awarded for wear on the service ribbon and suspension ribbon of the Medal for each 10-year period of service accrued in addition to and under the conditions prescribed above for award of the Medal.

Established by United Nations General Assembly Resolution 483 (V), December 12, 1950. Presidential acceptance for the United States Armed Forces announced by the Department of Defense November 27, 1951 (directive number 110.23-3).

(a) Requirements. (1) Personnel to qualify must be:

(i) Members of the Armed Forces of the United States dispatched to Korea or adjacent areas for service on behalf of the United Nations in the action in Korea; or

(ii) Other personnel dispatched to Korea or adjacent areas as members of paramilitary and quasimilitary units designated by the United States Government for service in support of United Nations action in Korea and certified by the United Nations Commander-in-Chief as having directly supported military operations there.

(2) Service. (i) Service shall be for periods provided in this section between June 27, 1950, inclusive, and a terminal date to be announced later by the Secretary General of the United Nations, under either of the following conditions:

(a) Within the territorial limits of Korea or the waters immediately adjacent thereto or in the air over Korea or over such waters; or

(b) With a national contingent designated by the United States Government for service in support of the United Nations action in Korea and certified by the United Nations Commander-in-Chief as having directly supported military operations in Korea.

(ii) The service prescribed must have been performed while serving with any unit as provided in paragraph (a)(1) of this section as specified hereunder:

(a) While on an assignment to such unit for any period between the dates specified in paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section; or

(b) While attached to such unit for a period of 30 days consecutive or nonconsecutive, between the dates specified in paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section; or

(c) While on active combat against the enemy under conditions other than those prescribed in paragraphs (a)(2)(ii) (a) and (b) of this section, if a combat decoration has been awarded or an individual certificate testifying to such combat service has been furnished by the commander of an independent force or a division, ship, or air group, or comparable or higher unit.

(b) Description. The medal is of bronze alloy 1.4 inches in diameter. On the obverse is the emblem of the United Nations (a polar projection map of the world, taken from the North Pole, embraced in twin olive branches). On the reverse, within a rim, is the inscription “For Service in Defense of the Principles of the Charter of the United Nations.” The medal is suspended from a silk ribbon 2 inches in length and 1.33 inches in width, consisting of 17 stripes, 9 of United Nations blue and 8 of white, alternating, each stripe 0.08 inch in width. A bar 1.5 inches in length and 0.25 inch in width, bearing the word “Korea,” constitutes a part of the suspension of the medal from the ribbon.

(c) Exclusions. No personnel of the United Nations or of its specialized agencies or of any national government service other than as prescribed above, and no International Red Cross personnel engaged for service under the United Nations Commander-in-Chief with any United Nations relief team in Korea shall be eligible for the award of the medal.

Established by Executive Order 10448 (3 CFR, 1953 Supp.).

(a) Requirements. Honorable active service for any period between June 27, 1950, and a terminal date to be announced, both dates inclusive.

(b) Exclusions. For the purpose of this award, the following persons shall not be considered as performing active service:

(1) Reserve component personnel on short tours of active duty to fulfill training obligations under an inactive training program.

(2) Reserve component personnel on temporary active duty to serve on boards, courts, commissions, etc.

(3) Any person on active duty for the sole purpose of undergoing a physical examination.

(4) Any person on active duty for purposes other than for extended active duty.

(c) Description. The medal of bronze 11/4 inches in diameter. (Design to be announced later.) The medal is suspended by a ring from a silk moire ribbon 13/8 inches in length and 13/8 inches in width composed of a red band (7/16 inch), white stripe (1/32 inch), blue stripe (1/32 inch), white stripe (1/32 inch), red stripe (1/32 inch), yellow band (1/4 inch), red stripe (1/32 inch), white stripe (1/32 inch), blue stripe (1/32 inch), white stripe (1/32 inch), red band (7/16 inch).

(d) Appurtenances. No appurtenances other than the service ribbon are authorized for use with the National Defense Service Medal.

Established by Public Law 86-600, as promulgated in DOD Instruction 1348.9, November 22, 1960.

(a) Requirements. Awarded to any person who after January 1, 1946, meets any of the following qualifications:

(1) Any member of the Armed Forces of the United States or civilian citizen, or resident alien of the United States who, as a member of a U.S. expedition, participates in scientific, direct support, or exploratory operations on the Antarctic continent.

(2) Any member of the Armed Forces of the United States or civilian citizen, or resident alien of the United States who, under the sponsorship and approval of competent U.S. Government authority participates in a foreign Antarctic expedition on that continent in coordination with a U.S. Antarctic expedition.

(3) Any member of the U.S. Armed Forces who serves as a crew member of an aircraft flying to or from the Antarctic or within Antarctica in support of operations on that continent.

(4) Any member of the U.S. Armed Forces who serves on a United States ship operating south of latitude 60° south in support of U.S. operations in Antarctica.

(5) Any person, including citizens of foreign nations, not fulfilling any above qualification, who participates in a U.S. Antarctic expedition on that continent at the invitation of a participating U.S. agency. In such case, award will be made by the Secretary of the Department under whose cognizance the expedition falls, provided the commander of the military support force as senior U.S. representative in Antarctica considers that he has performed outstanding and exceptional service and shared the hardship and hazards of the expedition.

(b) Clasps and discs. Wintering over on the Antarctic continent is recognized by the award of the following:

(1) A clasp bearing the words “Wintered over” for wear on the suspension ribbon of the medal; and

(2) A disc bearing an inscribed outline of the Antarctic continent for wear on the service ribbon.

(c) Miscellaneous provisions. (1) No person may receive more than one award of the Antarctic Service Medal.

(2) Not more than one clasp or disc will be worn on the ribbon.

(3) No minimum time limits for participation are prescribed.

(4) The Antarctic Service Medal takes precedence immediately after the Korean Service Medal.

Established by Executive Order 10977, dated 4 December 1961. This medal is authorized for:

(a) Definitions—(1) Operation. A military action, or the carrying out of a strategic, tactical, service, training, or administrative military mission; the process of carrying on combat including movement, supply, attack, defense, and maneuvers needed to gain the objectives of any battle or campaign.

(2) Area of operations. (i) The foreign territory upon which troops have actually landed or are present and specifically deployed for the direct support of the designated military operation.

(ii) Adjacent water areas in which ships are operating, patrolling, or providing direct support of operations.

(iii) The airspace above and adjacent to the area in which operations are being conducted.

(3) Direct support. Services being supplied the combat forces in the area of operations by ground units, ships, and aircraft providing supplies and equipment to the forces concerned, provided it involves actually entering the designated area; and ships and aircraft providing fire, patrol, guard, reconnaissance, or other military support.

(b) Requirements. Awarded for services after 1 July 1958, meeting the qualifications set forth below:

(1) General. Personnel must be a bona fide member of a unit engaged in the operation, or meet one or more of the following criteria:

(i) Shall serve not less than 30 consecutive days in the area of operations.

(ii) Be engaged in direct support of the operation for 30 consecutive days or 60 nonconsecutive days, provided this support involves entering the area of operations.

(iii) Serve for the full period where an operation is of less than 30 days' duration.

(iv) Be engaged in actual combat, or duty which is equally as hazardous as combat duty, during the operation with armed opposition, regardless of time in the area.

(v) Participate as a regularly assigned crewmember of an aircraft flying into, out of, within, or over the area in support of the military operation.

(vi) Be recommended, or attached to a unit recommended, by the chief of a service or the commander of a unified or specified command for award of the medal, although the criteria above have not been fulfilled. Such recommendations may be made to the Joint Chiefs of Staff for duty of such value to the operation as to warrant particular recognition.

(c) Designated areas and dates—(1) U.S. military operation dates. (i) Berlin—from 14 August 1961 to 1 June 1963.

(ii) Lebanon—from 1 July 1958 to 1 November 1958.

(iii) Quemoy and Matsu Islands— from 23 August 1958 to 1 June 1963. Taiwan Straits—from 23 August 1958 to 1 January 1959.

(iv) Cuba—from 24 October 1962 to 1 June 1963.

(2) U.S. operations in direct support of the United Nations. Congo—from 14 July 1960 to 1 September 1962.

(3) U.S. operations of assistance for a friendly foreign nation. (i) Laos—from 19 April 1961 to 7 October 1962.

(ii) Vietnam—From 1 July 1958 to a date to be announced.

A ribbon identical in color with the suspension ribbon of the service medal it represents, attached to a bar 13/8 inches in width and 3/8 inch in length, equipped with a suitable attaching device. A service ribbon is issued with each service medal.

(a) Philippine Defense Ribbon. Established by General Orders 8, Army Headquarters, Commonwealth of the Philippines, 1944.

(1) Description. A silk moire ribbon 3/8 inch in length and 13/8 inches in width composed of a red stripe (7/32 inch), a white stripe (3/16 inch), red band (9/16 inch), a white stripe (3/16 inch), and a red stripe (7/32 inch); in the center of the red band, three white stars 1/8-inch circumscribed diameter, centers placed on extremities of an imaginary equilateral triangle 1/4-inch on each side with one point of each star outward and centered in radiated center lines.

(2) Requirements. Service in the defense of the Philippines from December 8, 1941, to June 15, 1942, under either of the following conditions:

(i) Participated in any engagement against the enemy in Philippine territory, in Philippine waters, or in the air over the Philippines or over Philippine waters. An individual will be considered as having participated in an engagement if he:

(a) Was a member of the defense garrison of the Bataan Peninsula or of the fortified islands at the entrance to Manila Bay; or

(b) Was a member of and present with a unit actually under enemy fire or air attack; or

(c) Served on a ship which was under enemy fire or air attack: or

(d) Was a crew member or passenger in an airplane which was under enemy aerial or ground fire.

(ii) Assigned or stationed in Philippine territory or in Philippine waters for not less than 30 days during the period.

(3) Bronze service star—(i) Description. See § 578.40(d)(2).

(ii) Requirements. Individuals who meet both of the conditions set forth in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, are authorized to wear a bronze service star on the ribbon.

(b) Philippine Liberation Ribbon. Established by General Orders 8, Army Headquarters, Commonwealth of the Philippines, 1944.

(1) Description. A silk moire ribbon 3/8 inch in length and 13/8 inches in width composed of a red band (7/32 inch), blue stripe (1/8 inch), white stripe (1/8 inch), and a red band (9/16 inch).

(2) Requirements. Service in the liberation of the Philippines from October 17, 1944, to September 3, 1945, under any of the following conditions:

(i) Participated in the initial landing operations on Leyte or adjoining islands from October 17, 1944, to October 20, 1944. An individual will be considered as having participated in such operations if he landed on Leyte or adjoining islands, was on a ship in Philippine waters, or was a crew member of an airplane which flew over Philippine territory during the period.

(ii) Participated in any engagement against the enemy during the campaign on Leyte and adjoining islands. An individual will be considered as having participated in combat if he meets any of the conditions set forth in paragraphs (a)(2)(i) (b), (c), and (d) of this section.

(iii) Participated in any engagement against the enemy on islands other than those included in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) of this section. An individual will be considered as having participated in combat if he meets any of the conditions set forth in paragraphs (a)(2)(i) (b), (c), and (d) of this section.

(iv) Served in the Philippine Islands or on ships in Philippine waters for not less than 30 days during the period.

(3) Bronze service star—(i) Description. See § 578.40(d)(2).

(ii) Requirements. Individuals who meet more than one of the conditions set forth above are authorized to wear a bronze service star on the ribbon for each additional condition under which they qualify other than that under which they are eligible for the initial award of the ribbon.

(c) Philippine Independence Ribbon. Established by General Orders 383, Army Headquarters, Commonwealth of the Philippines, 1946.

(1) Description. A silk moire ribbon 3/8 inch in length and 13/8 inches in width composed of a yellow stripe (1/8 inch), blue stripe (3/8 inch), red stripe (3/32 inch), white stripe (3/16 inch), red stripe (3/32 inch), blue stripe (3/8 inch), and yellow stripe (1/8 inch).

(2) Requirements. Army personnel who are recipients of the Philippine Defense and/or Philippine Liberation Ribbons are eligible for the award of the Philippine Independence Ribbon.

Established by the United Nations Secretary-General, July 30, 1959. Presidential acceptance for the United States Armed Forces announced by Department of Defense Instruction 1348.10, December 6, 1960.

(a) Eligibility. Personnel to qualify for award must be or have been in the service of the United Nations, for a period not less than 6 months, with one of the following:

(1) United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon (UNOGIL)

(2) United Nations Truce Supervision Organization in Palestine (UNTSOP),

(3) United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP).

(b) Awards. Awards are made by the United Nations Secretary-General, or in his name by officials to whom he delegates awarding authority.

(c) Presentation. Presentation normally will be made in the field by the Senior Representative of the Secretary-General who makes the award. When presentation is not so accomplished, any person who believes himself eligible for award may submit to The Adjutant General, ATTN: AGPS-AD a request for such award with copy of any substantiating documents. The Adjutant General will forward each such request through the Office of Internal Administration, Office of the Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs, to the United Nations for consideration.

(a) Description. Miniature service medals and appurtenances are replicas of the corresponding service medals and appurtenances, on a scale of 1/2.

(b) Wearing. Miniature service medals with miniature appurtenances are worn attached to a bar on the left lapel of military and civilian evening clothes only.

(a) Description. Miniature service ribbons are replicas of corresponding service ribbons, on a scale of 1/2.

(b) Wearing. Miniature service ribbons with miniature appurtenances are worn attached to a bar on civilian clothes only.

(a) Enameled reproductions of the service ribbons of all service medals, except the World War I and World War II Victory Medal, are authorized.

(1) Eligibility requirements. Same as for the service medals listed in §§ 578.27 through 578.39, 578.41 through 578.46, 578.48 through 578.48c, and 578.48e.

(2) Description. The lapel button is 21/32-inch in width and 1/8-inch in length in colored enamel, being a reproduction of the service ribbon.

(b) World War I Victory button (World War I Victory Medal lapel button).

(1) Eligibility requirements. Honorable service during the period April 6, 1917, to November 11, 1918, or service with the—

(i) American Expeditionary Forces in European Russia between November 12, 1918, and August 5, 1919; or

(ii) American Expeditionary Forcesin Siberia between November 12, 1918, and April 1, 1920.

(2) Description. A five-pointed star 5/8-inch in diameter on a wreath with the letters “US” in the center. For persons wounded in action, the lapel button is of silver; for all others, of bronze.

(c) Honorable service lapel button (World War II Victory Medal lapel button).

(1) Eligibility requirements. Honorable Federal military service between September 8, 1939, and December 31, 1946.

(2) Description. A button of gold-color metal and consists of an eagle perched within a ring composed of a chief and 13 vertical stripes. The button is 7/16-inch in height and 5/8-inch in width.

(d) Lapel button for service rendered prior to 8 September 1939 (World War II Victory Medal lapel button).

(1) Eligibility requirements. (i) The following persons are entitled to wear this lapel button:

(a) Those who have served honorably as enlisted men, field clerks, warrant officers, nurses, or commissioned members of the military forces in time of war.

(b) Those who have served honorably in the Army of the United States and have been trained and qualified in the grade of private or in a higher grade, including contract surgeons and veterinarians, warrant officers, nurses, and commissioned officers.

(c) Those who have served honorably in a military unit conducted under the War Department, or have been trained and qualified as a private or in a higher grade.

(ii) Except where other regulations govern, the length of service and training required for qualification for the lapel button for service rendered prior to September 8, 1939, will be as follows, such service and training to have been considered honorable and satisfactory by the commanding officer:

(a) Two months' service in the Regular Army.

(b) One year's service in the National Guard.

(c) One year's service in the Enlisted Reserve Corps, including 15 days' training on active or inactive duty, or equivalent training during another year.

(d) One year's service in the basic course of a senior Reserve Officers' Training Corps unit or in a junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps unit in an essentially military school.

(e) Two years' service in other junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps units and units given Government aid (section 55c, National Defense Act, and R. S. 1225).

(f) Two months' service in a citizens' military training camp or its equivalent.

(iii) Next of kin are not authorized to wear the lapel button for service.

(2) Description. A button of gold-color metal and consists of an eagle perched within a ring which displays 7 white and 6 red vertical stripes with a blue chief bearing the words “National Defense.” The button is 7/16-inch in height and 5/8-inch in width.

(e) Army lapel button—(1) Eligibility requirements. Honorable active Federal service in the Army of the United States for at least 1 year subsequent to December 31, 1946.

(2) Description. The minute man in gold-color metal on a red enamel disk surrounded by 16 pointed gold rays, outside diameter 9/16-inch.

Sections 507.1 to 507.8 of this chapter prescribe:

(a) Restrictions on manufacture and sale of service medals and appurtenances by civilians.

(b) Penalties for illegal possession and wearing of service medals and appurtenances.

(a) Purpose. The purpose of awarding badges is to provide for public recognition by tangible evidence of the attainment of a high degree of skill, proficiency, and excellence in tests and competition, as well as in the performance of duties. Awards of badges promote esprit de corps, and provide an incentive to greater effort, thus becoming instrumental in building and maintaining morale. Types of badges authorized to be awarded as hereinafter prescribed, are combat and special skill badges, qualification badges and identification badges.

(b) Recommendations. Recommendations for awards of badges will be forwarded through channels to the commander authorized herein to make the respective awards of to The Adjutant General, ATTN: AGPS-AD, as promptly as practicable following the individual's qualification.

(c) Awards of badges—(1) General. Badges may be awarded in the field only by designated commanders. Commanders other than those to whom authority is delegated herein will forward recommendations for such awards through command channels to The Adjutant General, ATTN: AGPS-AD.

(2) Posthumous awards. When an individual who has qualified for a badge dies before the award is made, the award nevertheless may be made and the badge forwarded to the next of kin as indicated by the records of the Department of the Army, in the following precedence: Widow, or widower, eldest son, eldest daughter, father, mother, eldest brother, eldest sister, or eldest grandchild. Posthumous awards made by commanders outside the continental United States will be forwarded to The Adjutant General, ATTN: AGPS-AD.

(3) Retroactive awards. Retroactive awards of the Combat Infantryman Badge and Medical Badge will not be made. Exceptions are awards of Combat Infantryman Badge or Medical Badge made by The Adjutant General upon written request by individuals otherwise fully qualified who are recipients of decorations for heroism in combat.

(d) Announcement of awards. Except for identification badges, each award of a badge will be announced in special orders of commanders authorized herein to make the award or in letter orders of the Department of the Army.

(e) Presentation of awards. Whenever practicable, badges will be presented to military personnel with formal and impressive ceremony. Presentations should be made as promptly as possible following announcement of awards and, when practicable, in the presence of the troops with whom the recipients were serving at the time of qualification.

(f) Supply of badges and appurtenances—(1) Items issued by the Department of the Army:

(i) Combat and Special Skill badges.

(ii) Qualification badges.

(iii) Qualification badge bars.

(iv) The Guard, Tomb of the Unknown Soldier identification badge (an item of organizational equipment).

(2) Items not issued or sold by Department of the Army: Identification badges, except as provided in paragraph (a) of this section.

(i) Lapel buttons for badges.

(ii) Certificates for badges.

(iii) Foreign badges.

(iv) Miniature combat infantryman and expert infantryman badges.

(3) Requisition. Initial issue or replacement for badge lost, destroyed, or rendered unfit for use without fault or neglect on the part of the person whom it was awarded, will be made upon application, without charge to military personnel on active duty and at stock fund standard price to all others.

(g) Character of service. No badge will be awarded to any person who, subsequent to qualification therefor, has been dismissed, dishonorably discharged, or convicted of desertion by court-martial, except as provided in § 578.61(c).

(a) Purpose. Combat and special skill badges are awarded to denote proficiency in performance of duties under hazardous conditions and circumstances of extraordinary hardship as well as special qualifications and successful completion of prescribed courses of training.

(b) To whom awarded. (1) The Combat Infantryman Badge may be awarded only to members of the United States Army or Navy.

(2) The Medical Badge may be awarded only to members of the United States Army or Navy.

(3) All other combat and special skill badges may be earned by honorable active or inactive service, in or while formally assigned or attached to, the United States Army. Awards of United States Army combat and special skill badges to a foreigner will be made only with the prior consent of his parent government and upon completion of the full requirements established for each badge listed below.

(c) Reinstatement of awards. An award once revoked will not be reinstated automatically when, for any reason of conviction by court-martial for desertion in time of war is voided by competent authority.

(d) Combat Infantryman Badge.— (1) Eligibility requirements. (i) An individual must be an infantry officer in the grade of colonel or below, or an enlisted man, or a warrant officer with infantry MOS, who subsequent to December 6, 1941, has satisfactorily performed duty while assigned or attached as a member of an infantry unit of regimental or smaller size during any period such unit was engaged in active ground combat. Battle participating credit alone is not sufficient; the unit must have been in active ground combat with the enemy during the period. Awards may be made to assigned members of ranger infantry companies assigned or attached to tactical infantry organizations.

(ii) Awards will not be made to general officers nor to members of headquarters companies of units larger in size than battle groups.

(iii) Any officer whose basic branch is other than infantry who, under appropriate orders, has commanded an infantry unit of regimental or smaller size for at least 30 consecutive days is deemed to have been detailed in infantry and is eligible for the award of the Combat Infantryman Badge notwithstanding absence of written orders detailing him in the infantry provided all other requirements for such award have been met. Orders directing the individual to assume command will be confirmed in writing at the earliest practicable date.

(iv) One award of the Combat Infantryman Badge is authorized to each individual for each separate war in which the requirements prescribed have been met. Second, third, and fourth awards are indicated by superposing 1, 2, and 3 stars respectively, centered at the top of the badge between the points of the oak wreath.

(2) Who may award. Commanding generals of infantry divisions and commanding officers of infantry battle groups, separate infantry battalions, and separate infantry companies.

(e) Medical Badge—(1) Eligibility requirements. (i) A member of the Army Medical Service or of the Naval Medical Service assigned or attached to the Army, must have satisfactorily performed medical duties subsequent to December 6, 1941, while assigned or attached in a permanent status as a member of the medical detachment of an infantry unit of regimental or smaller size, or as a member of the medical platoon of an infantry or airborne battle group headquarters company, during any period the unit was engaged in active ground combat. Battle participation credit is not sufficient; the infantry unit must have been in contact with the enemy.

(ii) Awards of this badge will not be made to members of medical battalions, except when attached to an infantry unit as indicated above.

(iii) One award of the medical badge is authorized to each individual for each war in which the above requirements are met. Successive awards are indicated by superimposing stars on the badge as follows: Second award, one star at the top center above the cross; third award, two stars, one at the top center above the cross and one at the bottom center of the wreath; fourth award, three stars, one at the top center above the cross, and one at each side of the wreath at the ends of the stretcher.

(2) Who may award. Same as for Combat Infantryman Badge.

(f) Expert Infantryman Badge—(1) Eligibility requirement. An individual must be an infantry officer or enlisted man, or a warrant officer with an infantry MOS who has satisfactorily completed the proficiency tests prescribed by Army Regulations while assigned to an infantry unit of regimental or smaller size; or when assigned to, or attending a course of instruction at, the United States Army Infantry School.

(2) Who may award. Commanding officers of infantry regiments, battle groups and separate infantry units or their next superior, commanders of United States Army Training Centers, and the Commandant, United States Army Infantry School. Commanders at training installations may award the badge to qualified personnel undergoing 6 months' active duty for training under the Reserve Forces Act of 1955 provided such personnel are assigned to infantry units of battle group or smaller size in the Reserve components.

(g) Parachutist badges. (1) Three degrees of badges are authorized for award: the Master Parachutist Badge, the Senior Parachutist Badge, and the Parachutist Badge. Eligibility requirements for each badge are set forth in succeeding paragraphs. Awarding authorities for all three are the following: Commanding generals of the United States Continental Army Command; ZI armies and overseas commands: Military District of Washington, U.S. Army; airborne corps; airborne divisions; infantry divisions containing organic airborne elements, and the Quartermaster Research and Engineering Command; the Commandants of the Infantry School and of the Quartermaster School; commanding officers of separate airborne regiments, separate airborne battle groups, or separate airborne battalions. Special Forces Groups (Airborne), and the Special Warfare Center; and President, U.S. Army Airborne and Electronics Board.

(2) Eligibility for awards will be determined from the Individual Jump Record (DA Form 1307) contained in the field 201 file section of the personnel records jacket. Each entry on this form will include pay period covered and initials of the personnel officer; the entry will be made only from a Certificate of Jump and Loading Manifest (DA Form 1306) completed by an officer or jumpmaster.

(h) Master Parachutist Badge. An individual must have been rated excellent in character and efficiency and have met the following requirements:

(1) Participated in a minimum of 65 jumps to include:

(i) Twenty-five jumps with combat equipment to consist of normal TOE equipment, individual weapon carried by the individual in combat whether the jump was in actual or simulated combat. In cases of simulated combat the equipment will include water, rations (actual or dummy), ammunition (actual or dummy), and other essential items necessary to sustain an individual in combat;

(ii) Four night jumps made during the hours of darkness (regardless of the time of day with respect to sunset) one of which will be as jumpmaster of a stick;

(iii) Five mass tactical jumps which culminate in an airborne assault problem with a unit equivalent to a battalion or larger; a separate company/battery; or an organic staff of regimental size or larger. The individual must fill a position commensurate with his rank or grade during the problem.

(2) Either graduated from the Jumpmaster Course of the Airborne Department of the Infantry School or the jumpmaster school of a separate airborne battalion or larger airborne unit, or served as jumpmaster on one or more combat jumps or as jumpmaster on 33 noncombat jumps.

(3) Have served on jump status with an airborne unit or other organization authorized parachutists for a total of at least 36 months.

(i) Senior Parachutist Badge. An individual must have been rated excellent in character and efficiency and have met the following requirements:

(1) Participated in a minimum of 30 jumps to include:

(i) Fifteen jumps with combat equipment to consist of normal TOE equipment including individual weapon carried in combat whether the jump was in actual or simulated combat. In cases of simulated combat the equipment will include water, rations (actual or dummy), ammunition (actual or dummy), and other essential items necessary to sustain an individual in combat; and

(ii) Two night jumps made during the hours of darkness (regardless of time of day with respect to sunset) one of which will be as jumpmaster of a stick;

(iii) Two mass tactical jumps which culminate in an airborne assault problem with either a unit equivalent to a battalion or larger; a separate company/battery; or an organic staff of regimental size or larger. The individual must fill a position commensurate with his rank or grade during the problem.

(2) Either graduated from the Jumpmaster Course of the Airborne Department of the Infantry School or the jumpmaster school of a separate airborne battalion or larger airborne unit, or served as jumpmaster on one or more combat jumps or as a jumpmaster on 15 noncombat jumps.

(3) Have served on jump status with an airborne unit or other organizations authorized parachutists for a total of at least 24 months.

(j) Parachutists Badge. An individual must have satisfactorily completed the prescribed proficiency tests while assigned or attached to an airborne unit or the Airborne Department of The Infantry School; or have participated in at least one combat parachute jump into enemy-held territory as a member of an organized force carrying out an assigned tactical mission for which the unit was credited with an airborne assault landing by the theater commander.

(k) Army aviator badges—(1) Badges authorized. (i) Master Army Aviator Badge.

(ii) Senior Army Aviator Badge.

(iii) Army Aviator Badge.

(2) Eligibility requirements. An individual must have satisfactorily completed prescribed training and proficiency tests as outlined in AR 600-106, and must have been designated as an aviator in orders issued by headquarters indicated below:

(3) Who may award. (i) The Commandant, Army Aviation School, may designate an individual as an Army Aviator.

(ii) The Adjutant General may designate an individual as an Army Aviator, as a Senior Army Aviator, and as a Master Army Aviator.

(l) Army Aviation Medical Officer Badge. The Surgeon General may award this badge to any Army Medical Corps officer to whom he has awarded MOS 3160 (either primary or secondary) upon successful completion of a course in aviation medicine.

(m) Diver badges—(1) Badges authorized. Diver proficiency is recognized by the following badges:

(i) Master Diver Badge.

(ii) First-Class Diver Badge.

(iii) Salvage Diver Badge.

(iv) Second-Class Diver Badge.

(2) Eligibility requirements. An individual must have satisfactorily completed prescribed proficiency tests in accordance with AR 611-75 while assigned or attached to an authorized diving and salvage school or to a unit for which the TOE or TD includes diving personnel.

(3) Who may award. The commandant of an authorized diving and salvage school and commanding officer of a regiment, group, or separate battalion for which the TOE or TD includes diving personnel.

(n) Explosive Ordnance Disposal Supervisor Badge—(1) Eligibility requirements. Any commissioned officer, warrant officer, or noncommissioned officer in grade E-6 or higher may be awarded the badge if he meets, or has met, all the following requirements;

(i) Successful completion of basic and special weapons disposal courses of instruction.

(ii) Eighteen months cumulative service in a supervisory position in a TOE or TD which the above explosive ordnance disposal courses are a prerequisite.

(iii) Noncommissioned officers must have been rated excellent in character and efficiency at the time of recommendation for the award.

(2) Who may award. Commanding generals of divisions and higher commands, and commanding officers of separate groups or equivalent headquarters exercising operational control of EOD personnel or units.

(o) Explosive Ordnance Disposal Specialist Badge—(1) Eligibility requirements. Any commissioned officer, warrant officer, or enlisted man may be awarded the badge if he meets, or has met, all the following requirements:

(i) Successful completion of the prescribed basic EOD course of instruction.

(ii) Assigned in a TOE or TD position for which the basic EOD course is a prerequisite.

(2) Who may award. Same as in paragraph (n) of this section.

(p) Glider Badge. The Glider Badge is no longer awarded. An individual who was awarded the badge upon satisfying then current eligibility requirements may continue to wear the badge. Eligibility for award could be established by satisfactory completion of prescribed proficiency tests while assigned or attached to an airborne unit or to the Airborne Department of the Infantry School, or by participation in at least one combat glider landing into enemy-held territory as a member of an organized force carrying out an assigned tactical mission for which the unit was credited with an airborne assault landing by the theater commander.

(q) Ranger Tab. (1) The Commandant of the U.S. Army Infantry School may award the Ranger Tab to any person who successfully completed a Ranger Course conducted by that school.

(2) The Adjutant General may award the Ranger Tab to any person who was awarded the Combat Infantryman Badge while serving as a member of a Ranger Battalion (1st-6th, inclusive) or in the 5307th Composite Unit, Provisional (Merrill's Marauders) or to any person who successfully completed a Ranger course conducted by the Ranger Training Command.

(a) Driver and Mechanic Badge—(1) Purpose. This badge is awarded to denote the attainment of a high degree of skill in the operation and maintenance of motor vehicles. Component bars are authorized only for the following types of vehicles and/or qualifications:

(i) Driver—W (for wheeled vehicles).

(ii) Driver—T (for tracked vehicles).

(iii) Driver—M (for motorcycles).

(iv) Driver—A (for amphibious vehicles).

(v) Mechanic (for automotive or allied trade vehicles).

(vi) Operator—S (for special mechanical equipment).

(2) Eligibility requirements for drivers. The individual must have:

(i) Qualified for and possess a current U.S. Government Motor Vehicle Operator's Identification Card (SF 46), issued as prescribed by AR 600-55; and

(ii) Performed assigned duty as a driver or assistant driver of Army vehicles for a minimum of 12 consecutive months, or during at least 8,000 miles and has no Army motor vehicle accident or traffic violation recorded on his Driver Qualification Record (DA Form 348); or

(iii) Performed satisfactorily for a minimum period of 1 year as an active qualified driver instructor, or motor vehicle driver examiner.

(3) Eligibility requirements for mechanics. The individual must have:

(i) Passed aptitude tests and have completed the standard mechanics; course with a “skilled” rating or have demonstrated possession of sufficient previous experience as an automotive mechanic to justify such a rating; and

(ii) Been assigned to primary duty as an automotive mechanic, second echelon or higher, or as an active automotive mechanic instructor; and

(iii) If required to drive an Army motor vehicle in connection with automotive mechanic or automotive mechanic instructor duties, qualified for motor vehicle operators permit as prescribed above, and performed duty which included driving motor vehicles for a minimum of 6 consecutive months, and had no Army motor vehicle accident or traffic violation recorded on his Driver Qualification Record (DA Form 348).

(4) Eligibility requirements for operators of special mechanical equipment. A soldier or civilian whose primary duty involves operation of Army materials handling or other mechanical equipment must have completed 12 consecutive months or 500 hours of operation, whichever comes later, without accident or written reprimand as the result of his operation, and his operating performance must have been adequate in all respects.

(5) Who may award. Commanding officers of regiments, battle groups, separate battalions, and any commanding officer in the grade of lieutenant colonel or higher.

(b) Basic qualification badges. A basic qualification badge is awarded to indicate the degree in which an individual, military or civilian, has qualified in a prescribed record course and an appropriate bar is furnished to denote each weapon with which he qualified. Each bar will be attached to the basic badge which indicates the qualification last attained with the respective weapon. Basic qualification badges are of three classes: Expert, sharpshooter, and marksman. The only weapons for which component bars are authorized are:

(c) Who may award—(1) To military personnel. Any commander in the grade or position of lieutenant colonel or higher may make awards to members of the Armed Forces of the United States. ROTC camp commanders and professors of military science of ROTC may make awards to members of the ROTC.

(2) To civilian personnel. Except to uniformed civilian guards, awards to civilians will be made only by the Director of Civilian Marksmanship, Headquarters, Department of the Army. The authorization for civilian guards to wear marksmanship badges may be made by installation commanders. Civilian guards will procure badges at their own expense.

(d) Revocation of awards—(1) Basic qualification badges. An award for previous qualification is revoked automatically whenever an individual, upon completion of firing a record course for which the previous award was made, has not attained the same qualification. If the bar which is revoked automatically is the only one authorized to be worn on the respective basic qualification badge, the award of the basic badge likewise is revoked automatically. An award once revoked will not be reinstated.

(2) Driver and Mechanic Badge. An award of this badge will be revoked only by a commander authorized to award the badge and only for any of the following reasons:

(i) Motor vehicle driver and operator of special mechanical equipment. (a) In the event of a moving traffic violation in which life or property was endangered, or an accident which involved either property damage or personal injury wherein the awardee was at fault.

(b) If the event of damage to the vehicle for which the awardee is responsible due to lack of preventive maintenance.

(c) In the event of an unsatisfactory rating of the awardee as a driver.

(ii) Motor Mechanic. (a) In the event of failure of awardee to perform his assigned duties as a mechanic in an excellent manner.

(b) In the event of damage to vehicle or shop equipment as a result of careless or inefficient performance of duty by the awardee.

(c) In the event of unsatisfactory shop performance by the awardee.

(3) Miscellaneous. An award of a distinguished designation badge or the Excellence in Competition Badge will be revoked only by the Commanding General, United States Continental Army Command, or by The Adjutant General and only when an award has been made through error or as the result of fraud.

(e) Distinguished designation badges—(1) Purpose. A Distinguished Rifleman Badge or a Distinguished Pistol Shot Badge is awarded to a member of the Army or to a civilian in recognition of a preeminent degree of achievement in target practice firing with the standard military service rifle or pistol. Winners of distinguished designation badges will not part with them without authority of the Secretary of the Army and will hold them subject to inspection at any time.

(2) Types of badges. Each badge consists of a bar and pendant. There are two designs of bars: One with inscription “US Army” for award to Army members; and the other with inscription “US,” for award to civilians.

(3) Eligibility requirements. (i) A member of the Army will be designated as a Distinguished Rifleman or Distinguished Pistol Shot when he has earned three credits toward the distinguished designation, provided that at least one credit was earned by having been awarded the Excellence in Competition Badge for achievement in the National matches or in the All-Army Championships.

(ii) A civilian will be designated by the Army as a Distinguished Rifleman or Distinguished Pistol Shot when for the third time he has qualified for award of the Excellence in Competition Badge, provided that at least one of these awards was won in the National matches or for having placed among the upper 50 percent of individuals determined to be entitled to such awards in either a major command competition or National Rifle Association Regional Championship match. Badges awarded prior to 1948 will be considered toward achievement of the distinguished designation under the rules of the match in which won. A credit granted by the National Board for the Promotion of Rifle Practice under rules in effect for matches prior to 1948 will be considered toward the award of this badge the same as though an Excellence in Competition had been awarded.

(iii) The year in which a person first became eligible for designation by the Army as a Distinguished Rifleman or Distinguished Pistol Shot is the year in which he is regarded as having attained the distinguished designation and for which he will be so designated.

(iv) In computing credits toward distinguished designation only one credit per calendar year in any one individual or team match will be allowed.

(4) Who may award—(i) To Army personnel. Commanding General, United States Continental Army Command Copies of letters of authorization will be forwarded to The Adjutant General ATTN: AGPF, for record purposes.

(ii) To all others. The Adjutant General.

(5) Engraving. The name of the recipient and the year of attainment will be engraved on the reverse of the metal pendant.

(f) Excellence in Competition Badge—(1) Purpose. Excellence in Competition Badges are awarded to individuals in recognition of an eminent degree of achievement in target practice firing with the standard military service rifle or pistol.

(2) Types of badges. Types of badges and criteria for award are under revision. When finalized, they will be published in a change to this section.

(3) Eligibility requirements. The number of badges which will be awarded in recognition of achievement in the National Matches, the All-Army Championships, Major Command Competitions, or in National Rifle Association Regional Championships will depend primarily upon the number of “nondistinguished” participants in the match. In all competitions except those included in the National Matches the badge will be awarded only for excellence in individual competition. In the National Matches the badge may be awarded for achievement in both individual and team competition. The conditions governing eligibility for award of the badge in the National Matches are prescribed by the National Board for the Promotion of Rifle Practice in joint regulations entitled “Rules and Regulations for National Matches”. Comparable badges will be awarded to civilians by the Director of Civilian Marksmanship in accordance with regulations prescribed by the National Board for the Promotion of Rifle Practice. A badge for excellence in competition in a match conducted subsequent to 1947 will be awarded only to a person whose score in authorized competition constitutes a credit toward a distinguished designation badge. The determination as to whether a badge for excellence in competition which has been awarded for achievement in a match conducted prior to 1948 may be considered toward the award of a distinguished designation badge will be in accordance with Army Regulations in effect at the time such match was conducted.

(4) Limit on award. (i) In no case will an individual be awarded more than one badge of each type. Credits will be given in lieu of additional awards of the same badge.

(ii) Individuals who have either qualified for or attained the distinguished designation are ineligible for further awards of this badge. Any such individual who fraudulently accepts an additional award of the Excellence in Competition Badge when he is aware of his eligibility for distinguished designation, or has been designated as a Distinguished Rifleman or Distinguished Pistol Shot will be subject to revocation of the award.

(5) Who may award—(i) To Army personnel in active service. Commanding General, United States Continental Army Command. Copies of letters of authorization will be forwarded to The Adjutant General, ATTN: AGPF, for record purposes.

(ii) To all others. The Adjutant General, upon recommendation of the Commanding General, United States Continental Army Command, or the National Board for the Promotion of Rifle Practice, as appropriate.

(g) President's Hundred Tab. A President's Hundred Tab is awarded to each person who qualified among the top 100 successful contestants in the President's Match held annually at the National Rifle Matches.