[Title 50 CFR ]
[Code of Federal Regulations (annual edition) - October 1, 2005 Edition]
[From the U.S. Government Printing Office]
[[Page i]]
50
Part 17 (Sec. Sec. 17.1 to 17.95(b))
Revised as of October 1, 2005
Wildlife and Fisheries
________________________
Containing a codification of documents of general
applicability and future effect
As of October 1, 2005
With Ancillaries
Published by
Office of the Federal Register
National Archives and Records
Administration
A Special Edition of the Federal Register
[[Page ii]]
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[[Page iii]]
As of October 1, 2005
Title 50, Part 17, Vol. 1 of 3, Sec. Sec. 17.1 to 17.95,
Revised as of October 1, 2004
Is replaced by
Title 50, Part 17, Vol. 1 of 4, Sec. Sec. 17.1 to 17.95(b)
and
Title 50, Part 17, Vol. 2 of 4, Sec. 17.95(c) to End
[[Page v]]
Table of Contents
Page
Explanation................................................. v
Title 50:
Chapter I--United States Fish and Wildlife Service,
Department of the Interior (Continued) 3
Finding Aids:
Table of CFR Titles and Chapters........................ 747
Alphabetical List of Agencies Appearing in the CFR...... 765
List of CFR Sections Affected........................... 775
[[Page vi]]
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Cite this Code: CFR
To cite the regulations in
this volume use title,
part and section number.
Thus, 50 CFR 17.1 refers
to title 50, part 17,
section 1.
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[[Page vii]]
EXPLANATION
The Code of Federal Regulations is a codification of the general and
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Each volume of the Code is revised at least once each calendar year
and issued on a quarterly basis approximately as follows:
Title 1 through Title 16.................................as of January 1
Title 17 through Title 27..................................as of April 1
Title 28 through Title 41...................................as of July 1
Title 42 through Title 50................................as of October 1
The appropriate revision date is printed on the cover of each
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OMB CONTROL NUMBERS
The Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 (Pub. L. 96-511) requires
Federal agencies to display an OMB control number with their information
collection request.
[[Page viii]]
Many agencies have begun publishing numerous OMB control numbers as
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[[Page ix]]
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Raymond A. Mosley,
Director,
Office of the Federal Register.
October 1, 2005.
[[Page xi]]
THIS TITLE
Title 50--Fish and Wildlife is composed of eight volumes. The parts
in these volumes are arranged in the following order: Parts 1-16; part
17 (17.1 to 17.95(b)), part 17 (17.95(c) to End), part 17 (17.96 to
17.99(h)), part 17 (17.99(i) to End and 17.100 to End), parts 18-199,
parts 200-599 and part 600 to End. The first six volumes (parts 1-16,
part 17 (17.1 to 17.95(b)), part 17 (17.95(c) to End), part 17 (17.96 to
17.99(h)), part 17 (part 17.99(i) to End and 17.100 to End), and parts
18-199) contain the current regulations issued under chapter I--United
States Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior. The
seventh volume (parts 200-599) contains the current regulations issued
under chapter II--National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce; chapter III--
International Fishing and Related Activities, chapter IV--Joint
Regulations (United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the
Interior and National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce); Endangered Species
Committee regulations; and chapter V--Marine Mammal Commission. The
eighth volume (part 600 to End) contains the current regulations issued
under chapter VI--Fishery Conservation and Management, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce. The contents of
these volumes represent all current regulations codified under this
title of the CFR as of October 1, 2005.
Alphabetical listings of endangered and threatened wildlife and
plants appear in part 17.
The OMB control numbers for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration appear in 15 CFR 902.1.
For this volume, Cheryl E. Sirofchuck was Chief Editor. The Code of
Federal Regulations publication program is under the direction of
Frances D. McDonald, assisted by Alomha S. Morris.
[[Page 1]]
TITLE 50--WILDLIFE AND FISHERIES
(This book contains part 17, Sec. Sec. 17.1 to 17.95(b))
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Part
chapter i--United States Fish and Wildlife Service,
Department of the Interior (Continued).................... 17
[[Page 3]]
CHAPTER I--UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE
INTERIOR (CONTINUED)
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SUBCHAPTER B--TAKING, POSSESSION, TRANSPORTATION, SALE, PURCHASE,
BARTER, EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED)
Part Page
17 Endangered and threatened wildlife and
plants.................................. 5
[[Page 5]]
SUBCHAPTER B_TAKING, POSSESSION, TRANSPORTATION, SALE, PURCHASE, BARTER,
EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED)
PART 17_ENDANGERED AND THREATENED WILDLIFE AND PLANTS--Table of Contents
Subpart A_Introduction and General Provisions
Sec.
17.1 Purpose of regulations.
17.2 Scope of regulations.
17.3 Definitions.
17.4 Pre-Act wildlife.
17.5 Alaska natives.
17.6 State cooperative agreements. [Reserved]
17.7 Raptor exemption.
17.8 Permit applications and information collection requirements.
Subpart B_Lists
17.11 Endangered and threatened wildlife.
17.12 Endangered and threatened plants.
Subpart C_Endangered Wildlife
17.21 Prohibitions.
17.22 Permits for scientific purposes, enhancement of propagation or
survival, or for incidental taking.
17.23 Economic hardship permits.
Subpart D_Threatened Wildlife
17.31 Prohibitions.
17.32 Permits--general.
17.40 Special rules--mammals.
17.41 Special rules--birds.
17.42 Special rules--reptiles.
17.43 Special rules--amphibians.
17.44 Special rules--fishes.
17.45 Special rules--snails and clams. [Reserved]
17.46 Special rules--crustaceans.
17.47 [Reserved]
17.48 Special rules--common sponges and other forms. [Reserved]
Subpart E_Similarity of Appearance
17.50 General.
17.51 Treatment as endangered or threatened.
17.52 Permits--similarity of appearance.
Subpart F_Endangered Plants
17.61 Prohibitions.
17.62 Permits for scientific purposes or for the enhancement of
propagation or survival.
17.63 Economic hardship permits.
Subpart G_Threatened Plants
17.71 Prohibitions.
17.72 Permits--general.
17.73-17.78 [Reserved]
Subpart H_Experimental Populations
17.80 Definitions.
17.81 Listing.
17.82 Prohibitions.
17.83 Interagency cooperation.
17.84 Special rules--vertebrates.
17.85 Special rules--invertebrates.
17.86 Special rules--plants. [Reserved]
Subpart I_Interagency Cooperation
17.94 Critical habitats.
17.95 Critical habitat--fish and wildlife.
Authority: 16 U.S.C. 1361-1407; 16 U.S.C. 1531-1544; 16 U.S.C. 4201-
4245; Pub. L. 99-625, 100 Stat. 3500; unless otherwise noted.
Source: 40 FR 44415, Sept. 26, 1975, unless otherwise noted.
Subpart A_Introduction and General Provisions
Sec. 17.1 Purpose of regulations.
(a) The regulations in this part implement the Endangered Species
Act of 1973, 87 Stat. 884, 16 U.S.C. 1531-1543, except for those
provisions in the Act concerning the Convention on International Trade
in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, for which regulations are
provided in part 23 of this subchapter.
(b) The regulations identify those species of wildlife and plants
determined by the Director to be endangered or threatened with
extinction under section 4(a) of the Act and also carry over the species
and subspecies of wildlife designated as endangered under the Endangered
Species Conservation Act of 1969 (83 Stat. 275, 16 U.S.C. 668cc-1 to 6)
which are deemed endangered species under section 4(c)(3) of the Act.
[40 FR 44415, Sept. 26, 1975, as amended at 42 FR 10465, Feb. 22, 1977]
[[Page 6]]
Sec. 17.2 Scope of regulations.
(a) The regulations of this part apply only to endangered and
threatened wildlife and plants.
(b) By agreement between the Service and the National Marine
Fisheries Service, the jurisdiction of the Department of Commerce has
been specifically defined to include certain species, while jurisdiction
is shared in regard to certain other species. Such species are footnoted
in subpart B of this part, and reference is given to special rules of
the National Marine Fisheries Service for those species.
(c) The provisions in this part are in addition to, and are not in
lieu of, other regulations of this subchapter B which may require a
permit or prescribe additional restrictions or conditions for the
importation, exportation, and interstate transportation of wildlife.
(d) The examples used in this part are provided solely for the
convenience of the public, and to explain the intent and meaning of the
regulation to which they refer. They have no legal significance.
(e) Certain of the wildlife and plants listed in Sec. Sec. 17.11
and 17.12 as endangered or threatened are included in Appendix I, II or
III to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of
Wild Fauna and Flora. The importation, exportation and reexportation of
such species are subject to additional regulations provided in part 23
of this subchapter.
[40 FR 44415, Sept. 26, 1975, as amended at 42 FR 10465, Feb. 22, 1977]
Sec. 17.3 Definitions.
In addition to the definitions contained in part 10 of this
subchapter, and unless the context otherwise requires, in this part 17:
Act means the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531-1543;
87 Stat. 884);
Adequately covered means, with respect to species listed pursuant to
section 4 of the ESA, that a proposed conservation plan has satisfied
the permit issuance criteria under section 10(a)(2)(B) of the ESA for
the species covered by the plan, and, with respect to unlisted species,
that a proposed conservation plan has satisfied the permit issuance
criteria under section 10(a)(2)(B) of the ESA that would otherwise apply
if the unlisted species covered by the plan were actually listed. For
the Services to cover a species under a conservation plan, it must be
listed on the section 10(a)(1)(B) permit.
Alaskan Native means a person defined in the Alaska Native Claims
Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 1603(b) (85 Stat. 588)) as a citizen of the
United States who is of one-fourth degree or more Alaska Indian
(including Tsimshian Indians enrolled or not enrolled in the Metlaktla
Indian Community), Eskimo, or Aleut blood, or combination thereof. The
term includes any Native, as so defined, either or both of whose
adoptive parents are not Natives. It also includes, in the absence of
proof of a minimum blood quantum, any citizen of the United States who
is regarded as an Alaska Native by the Native village or town of which
he claims to be a member and whose father or mother is (or, if deceased,
was) regarded as Native by any Native village or Native town. Any
citizen enrolled by the Secretary pursuant to section 5 of the Alaska
Native Claims Settlement Act shall be conclusively presumed to be an
Alaskan Native for purposes of this part;
Authentic native articles of handicrafts and clothing means items
made by an Indian, Aleut, or Eskimo which (a) were commonly produced on
or before December 28, 1973, and (b) are composed wholly or in some
significant respect of natural materials, and (c) are significantly
altered from their natural form and which are produced, decorated, or
fashioned in the exercise of traditional native handicrafts without the
use of pantographs, multiple carvers, or similar mass copying devices.
Improved methods of production utilizing modern implements such as
sewing machines or modern techniques at a tannery registered pursuant to
Sec. 18.23(c) of this subchapter (in the case of marine mammals) may be
used so long as no large scale mass production industry results.
Traditional native handicrafts include, but are not limited to, weaving,
carving, stitching, sewing, lacing, beading, drawing, and painting. The
formation of traditional native groups
[[Page 7]]
such as cooperatives, is permitted so long as no large scale mass
production results;
Bred in captivity or captive-bred refers to wildlife, including
eggs, born or otherwise produced in captivity from parents that mated or
otherwise transferred gametes in captivity, if reproduction is sexual,
or from parents that were in captivity when development of the progeny
began, if development is asexual.
Captivity means that living wildlife is held in a controlled
environment that is intensively manipulated by man for the purpose of
producing wildlife of the selected species, and that has boundaries
designed to prevent animal, eggs or gametes of the selected species from
entering or leaving the controlled environment. General characteristics
of captivity may include but are not limited to artificial housing,
waste removal, health care, protection from predators, and artificially
supplied food.
Changed circumstances means changes in circumstances affecting a
species or geographic area covered by a conservation plan or agreement
that can reasonably be anticipated by plan or agreement developers and
the Service and that can be planned for (e.g., the listing of new
species, or a fire or other natural catastrophic event in areas prone to
such events).
Conservation plan means the plan required by section 10(a)(2)(A) of
the ESA that an applicant must submit when applying for an incidental
take permit. Conservation plans also are known as ``habitat conservation
plans'' or ``HCPs.''
Conserved habitat areas means areas explicitly designated for
habitat restoration, acquisition, protection, or other conservation
purposes under a conservation plan.
Convention means the Convention on International Trade in Endangered
Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, TIAS 8249.
Enhance the propagation or survival, when used in reference to
wildlife in captivity, includes but is not limited to the following
activities when it can be shown that such activities would not be
detrimental to the survival of wild or captive populations of the
affected species:
(a) Provision of health care, management of populations by culling,
contraception, euthanasia, grouping or handling of wildlife to control
survivorship and reproduction, and similar normal practices of animal
husbandry needed to maintain captive populations that are self-
sustaining and that possess as much genetic vitality as possible;
(b) Accumulation and holding of living wildlife that is not
immediately needed or suitable for propagative or scientific purposes,
and the transfer of such wildlife between persons in order to relieve
crowding or other problems hindering the propagation or survival of the
captive population at the location from which the wildlife would be
removed; and
(c) Exhibition of living wildlife in a manner designed to educate
the public about the ecological role and conservation needs of the
affected species.
Endangered means a species of wildlife listed in Sec. 17.11 or a
species of plant listed in Sec. 17.12 and designated as endangered.
Harass in the definition of ``take'' in the Act means an intentional
or negligent act or omission which creates the likelihood of injury to
wildlife by annoying it to such an extent as to significantly disrupt
normal behavioral patterns which include, but are not limited to,
breeding, feeding, or sheltering. This definition, when applied to
captive wildlife, does not include generally accepted:
(1) Animal husbandry practices that meet or exceed the minimum
standards for facilities and care under the Animal Welfare Act,
(2) Breeding procedures, or
(3) Provisions of veterinary care for confining, tranquilizing, or
anesthetizing, when such practices, procedures, or provisions are not
likely to to result in injury to the wildlife.
Harm in the definition of ``take'' in the Act means an act which
actually kills or injures wildlife. Such act may include significant
habitat modification or degradation where it actually kills or injures
wildlife by significantly impairing essential behavioral patterns,
including breeding, feeding or sheltering.
[[Page 8]]
Incidental taking means any taking otherwise prohibited, if such
taking is incidental to, and not the purpose of, the carrying out of an
otherwise lawful activity.
Industry or trade in the definition of ``commercial activity'' in
the Act means the actual or intended transfer of wildlife or plants from
one person to another person in the pursuit of gain or profit;
Native village or town means any community, association, tribe, clan
or group;
Operating conservation program means those conservation management
activities which are expressly agreed upon and described in a
conservation plan or its Implementing Agreement, if any, and which are
to be undertaken for the affected species when implementing an approved
conservation plan, including measures to respond to changed
circumstances.
Population means a group of fish or wildlife in the same taxon below
the subspecific level, in common spatial arrangement that interbreed
when mature;
Properly implemented conservation plan means any conservation plan,
Implementing Agreement and permit whose commitments and provisions have
been or are being fully implemented by the permittee.
Property owner with respect to agreements outlined under Sec. Sec.
17.22(c), 17.22(d), 17.32(c), and 17.32(d) means a person with a fee
simple, leasehold, or other property interest (including owners of water
or other natural resources), or any other entity that may have a
property interest, sufficient to carry out the proposed management
activities, subject to applicable State law, on non-Federal land.
Specimen means any animal or plant, or any part, product, egg, seed
or root of any animal or plant;
Subsistence means the use of endangered or threatened wildlife for
food, clothing, shelter, heating, transportation and other uses
necessary to maintain the life of the taker of the wildlife, or those
who depend upon the taker to provide them with such subsistence, and
includes selling any edible portions of such wildlife in native villages
and towns in Alaska for native consumption within native villages and
towns;
Threatened means a species of wildlife listed in Sec. 17.11 or
plant listed in Sec. 17.12 and designated as threatened.
Unforeseen circumstances means changes in circumstances affecting a
species or geographic area covered by a conservation plan or agreement
that could not reasonably have been anticipated by plan or agreement
developers and the Service at the time of the conservation plan's or
agreement's negotiation and development, and that result in a
substantial and adverse change in the status of the covered species.
Wasteful manner means any taking or method of taking which is likely
to result in the killing or injury of endangered or threatened wildlife
beyond those needed for subsistence purposes, or which results in the
waste of a substantial portion of the wildlife, and includes without
limitation the employment of a method of taking which is not likely to
assure the capture or killing of the wildlife, or which is not
immediately followed by a reasonable effort to retrieve the wildlife.
[40 FR 44415, Sept. 26, 1975, as amended at 42 FR 28056, June 1, 1977;
44 FR 54006, Sept. 17, 1979; 46 FR 54750, Nov. 4, 1981; 47 FR 31387,
July 20, 1982; 50 FR 39687, Sept. 30, 1985; 63 FR 8870, Feb. 23, 1998;
63 FR 48639, Sept. 11, 1998; 69 FR 24092, May 3, 2004]
Sec. 17.4 Pre-Act wildlife.
(a) The prohibitions defined in subparts C and D of this part 17
shall not apply to any activity involving endangered or threatened
wildlife which was held in captivity or in a controlled environment on
December 28, 1973: Provided,
(1) That the purposes of such holding were not contrary to the
purposes of the Act; and
(2) That the wildlife was not held in the course of a commercial
activity.
Example 1. On January 25, 1974, a tourist buys a stuffed hawksbill
turtle (an endangered species listed since June, 1970), in a foreign
country. On December 28, 1973, the stuffed turtle had been on display
for sale. The tourist imports the stuffed turtle into the United States
on January 26, 1974. This is a violation of the Act since the stuffed
turtle was held for commercial purposes on December 28, 1973.
[[Page 9]]
Example 2. On December 27, 1973 (or earlier), a tourist buys a
leopard skin coat (the leopard has been listed as endangered since March
1972) for his wife in a foreign country. On January 5, he imports it
into the United States. He has not committed a violation since on
December 28, 1973, he was the owner of the coat, for personal purposes,
and the chain of commerce had ended with the sale on the 27th. Even if
he did not finish paying for the coat for another year, as long as he
had possession of it, and he was not going to resell it, but was using
it for personal purposes, the Act does not apply to that coat.
Example 3. On or before December 28, 1973, a hunter kills a leopard
legally in Africa. He has the leopard mounted and imports it into the
United States in March 1974. The importation is not subject to the Act.
The hunter has not engaged in a commercial activity, even though he
bought the services of a guide, outfitters, and a taxidermist to help
him take, preserve, and import the leopard. This applies even if the
trophy was in the possession of the taxidermist on December 28, 1973.
Example 4. On January 15, 1974, a hunter kills a leopard legally in
Africa. He has the leopard mounted and imports it into the United States
in June 1974. This importation is a violation of the Act since the
leopard was not in captivity or a controlled environment on December 28,
1973.
(b) Service officers or Customs officers may refuse to clear
endangered or threatened wildlife for importation into or exportation
from the United States, pursuant to Sec. 14.53 of this subchapter,
until the importer or exporter can demonstrate that the exemption
referred to in this section applies. Exempt status may be established by
any sufficient evidence, including an affidavit containing the
following:
(1) The affiant's name and address;
(2) Identification of the affiant;
(3) Identification of the endangered or threatened wildlife which is
the subject of the affidavit;
(4) A statement by the affiant that to the best of his knowledge and
belief, the endangered or threatened wildlife which is the subject of
the affidavit was in captivity or in a controlled environment on
December 28, 1973, and was not being held for purposes contrary to the
Act or in the course of a commercial activity;
(5) A statement by the affiant in the following language:
The foregoing is principally based on the attached exhibits which,
to the best of my knowledge and belief, are complete, true and correct.
I understand that this affidavit is being submitted for the purpose of
inducing the Federal Government to recognize an exempt status regarding
(insert description of wildlife), under the Endangered Species Act of
1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531-1543), and regulations promulgated thereunder, and
that any false statements may subject me to the criminal penalties of 18
U.S.C. 1001.
(6) As an attachment, records or other available evidence to show:
(i) That the wildlife in question was being held in captivity or in
a controlled environment on December 28, 1973;
(ii) The purpose for which the wildlife was being held; and
(iii) The nature of such holding (to establish that no commercial
activity was involved).
(c) This section applies only to wildlife born on or prior to
December 28, 1973. It does not apply to the progeny of any such wildlife
born after December 28, 1973.
Sec. 17.5 Alaska natives.
(a) The provisions of subpart C of this part relating to the
importation or the taking of endangered wildlife, and any provision of
subpart D of this part relating to the importation or the taking of
threatened wildlife, shall not apply to:
(1) Any Indian, Aleut, or Eskimo who is an Alaskan native and who
resides in Alaska; or
(2) Any non-native permanent resident of an Alaskan native village
who is primarily dependent upon the taking of wildlife for consumption
or for the creation and sale of authentic native articles of handicrafts
and clothing:
If the taking is primarily for subsistence purposes, and is not
accomplished in a wasteful manner.
(b) Edible portions of endangered or threatened wildlife taken or
imported pursuant to paragraph (a) of this section may be sold in native
villages or towns in Alaska for native consumption within native
villages and towns in Alaska.
(c) Non-edible by-products of endangered or threatened wildlife
taken or imported pursuant to paragraph (a) of this section may be sold
in interstate commerce when made into authentic
[[Page 10]]
native articles of handicrafts and clothing.
Sec. 17.6 State cooperative agreements. [Reserved]
Sec. 17.7 Raptor exemption.
(a) The prohibitions found in Sec. Sec. 17.21 and 17.31 do not
apply to any raptor [a live migratory bird of the Order Falconiformes or
the Order Strigiformes, other than a bald eagle (Haliaeetus
leucocephalus) or a golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos)] legally held in
captivity or in a controlled environment on November 10, 1978, or to any
of its progeny, which is:
(1) Possessed and banded in compliance with the terms of a valid
permit issued under part 21 of this chapter; and
(2) Identified in the earliest applicable annual report required to
be filed by a permittee under part 21 of this chapter as in a
permittee's possession on November 10, 1978, or as the progeny of such a
raptor.
(b) This section does not apply to any raptor intentionally returned
to the wild.
[48 FR 31607, July 8, 1983]
Sec. 17.8 Permit applications and information collection requirements.
(a) Address permit applications for activities affecting species
listed under the Endangered Species Act, as amended, as follows:
(1) Address activities affecting endangered and threatened species
that are native to the United States to the Regional Director for the
Region in which the activity is to take place. You can find addresses
for the Regional Directors in 50 CFR 2.2. Send applications for
interstate commerce in native endangered and threatened species to the
Regional Director with lead responsibility for the species. To determine
the appropriate region, call the nearest Regional Office:
Region 1 (Portland, OR): 503-231-6241
Region 2 (Albuquerque, NM): 505-248-6920
Region 3 (Twin Cities, MN): 612-713-5343
Region 4 (Atlanta, GA): 404-679-7313
Region 5 (Hadley, MA): 413-253-8628
Region 6 (Denver, CO): 303-236-8155, ext 263
Region 7 (Anchorage, AK): 907-786-3620
Headquarters (Washington, DC): 703-358-2106
(2) Submit permit applications for activities affecting native
endangered and threatened species in international movement or commerce,
and all activities affecting nonnative endangered and threatened species
to the Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, (Attention Office of
Management Authority), 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, Room 700, Arlington, VA
22203.
(b) The Office of Management and Budget approved the information
collection requirements contained in this part 17 under 44 U.S.C. 3507
and assigned OMB Control Numbers 1018-0093 and 1018-0094. The Service
may not conduct or sponsor, and you are not required to respond to, a
collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB
control number. We are collecting this information to provide
information necessary to evaluate permit applications. We will use this
information to review permit applications and make decisions, according
to criteria established in various Federal wildlife conservation
statutes and regulations, on the issuance, suspension, revocation, or
denial of permits. You must respond to obtain or retain a permit. We
estimate the public reporting burden for these reporting requirements to
vary from 2 to 2\1/2\ hours per response, including time for reviewing
instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and
reviewing the forms. Direct comments regarding the burden estimate or
any other aspect of these reporting requirements to the Service
Information Collection Control Officer, MS-222 ARLSQ, U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, Washington, DC 20240, or the Office of Management and
Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (1018-0093/0094), Washington, DC
20603.
[63 FR 52635, Oct. 1, 1998]
Subpart B_Lists
Sec. 17.11 Endangered and threatened wildlife.
(a) The list in this section contains the names of all species of
wildlife which have been determined by the Services to be Endangered or
Threatened. It also contains the names of species of wildlife treated as
Endangered
[[Page 11]]
or Threatened because they are sufficiently similar in appearance to
Endangered or Threatened species (see Sec. 17.50 et seq.).
(b) The columns entitled ``Common Name,'' ``Scientific Name,'' and
``Vertebrate Population Where Endangered or Threatened'' define the
species of wildlife within the meaning of the Act. Thus, differently
classified geographic populations of the same vertebrate subspecies or
species shall be identified by their differing geographic boundaries,
even though the other two columns are identical. The term ``Entire''
means that all populations throughout the present range of a vertebrate
species are listed. Although common names are included, they cannot be
relied upon for identification of any specimen, since they may vary
greatly in local usage. The Services shall use the most recently
accepted scientific name. In cases in which confusion might arise, a
synonym(s) will be provided in parentheses. The Services shall rely to
the extent practicable on the International Code of Zoological
Nomenclature.
(c) In the ``Status'' column the following symbols are used: ``E''
for Endangered, ``T'' for Threatened, and ``E [or T] (S/A)'' for
similarity of appearance species.
(d) The other data in the list are nonregulatory in nature and are
provided for the information of the reader. In the annual revision and
compilation of this title, the following information may be amended
without public notice: the spelling of species' names, historical range,
footnotes, references to certain other applicable portions of this
title, synonyms, and more current names. In any of these revised
entries, neither the species, as defined in paragraph (b) of this
section, nor its status may be changed without following the procedures
of part 424 of this title.
(e) The ``historic range'' indicates the known general distribution
of the species or subspecies as reported in the current scientific
literature. The present distribution may be greatly reduced from this
historic range. This column does not imply any limitation on the
application of the prohibitions in the Act or implementing rules. Such
prohibitions apply to all individuals of the species, wherever found.
(f)(1) A footnote to the Federal Register publication(s) listing or
reclassifying a species is indicated under the column ``When listed.''
Footnote numbers to Sec. Sec. 17.11 and 17.12 are in the same numerical
sequence, since plants and animals may be listed in the same Federal
Register document. That document, at least since 1973, includes a
statement indicating the basis for the listing, as well as the effective
date(s) of said listing.
(2) The ``Special rules'' and ``Critical habitat'' columns provide a
cross reference to other sections in parts 17, 222, 226, or 227. The
``Special rules'' column will also be used to cite the special rules
that describe experimental populations and determine if they are
essential or nonessential. Separate listing will be made for
experimental populations, and the status column will include the
following symbols: ``XE'' for an essential experimental population and
``XN'' for a nonessential experimental population. The term ``NA'' (not
applicable) appearing in either of these two columns indicates that
there are no special rules and/or critical habitat for that particular
species. However, all other appropriate rules in parts 17, 217 through
227, and 402 still apply to that species. In addition, there may be
other rules in this title that relate to such wildlife, e.g., port-of-
entry requirements. It is not intended that the references in the
``Special rules'' column list all the regulations of the two Services
which might apply to the species or to the regulations of other Federal
agencies or State or local governments.
(g) The listing of a particular taxon includes all lower taxonomic
units. For example, the genus Hylobates (gibbons) is listed as
Endangered throughout its entire range (China, India, and SE Asia);
consequently, all species, subspecies, and populations of that genus are
considered listed as Endangered for the purposes of the Act. In 1978 (43
FR 6230-6233) the species Haliaeetus leucocephalus (bald eagle) was
listed as Threatened in ``USA (WA, OR, MN, WI, MI)'' rather than its
entire population; thus, all individuals of the bald eagle
[[Page 12]]
found in those five States are considered listed as Threatened for the
purposes of the Act.
(h) The ``List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife'' is provided
below:
[[Page 13]]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Species Vertebrate population
-------------------------------------------------------------- Historic Range where endangered or Status When Critical Special
Common name Scientific name threatened listed habitat rules
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mammals
Anoa, lowland....................... Bubalus depressicornis. Indonesia.............. Entire................. E 3 NA NA
Anoa, mountain...................... Bubalus quarlesi....... ......do............... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Antelope, giant sable............... Hippotragus niger Angola................. ......do............... E 15 NA NA
variani.
Argali.............................. Ovis ammon............. Afganistan, China, Entire except E 15, 475 NA NA
India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia,
Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, and Tajikistan.
Nepal, Pakistan,
Russia, Tajikistan,
Uzbekistan.
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, T 15, 475 NA 17.40(j)
and Tajikistan.
Armadillo, giant.................... Priodontes maximus..... Venezuela and Guyana to Entire................. E 15 NA NA
Argentina.
Armadillo, pink fairy............... Chlamyphorus truncatus. Argentina.............. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Ass, African wild................... Equus asinus........... Somalia, Sudan, ......do............... E 3, 22 NA NA
Ethiopia.
Ass, Asian wild..................... Equus hemionus......... Southwestern and ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Central Asia.
Avahi............................... Avahi laniger (=entire Malagasy Republic ......do............... E 3 NA NA
genus). (=Madagascar).
Aye-aye............................. Daubentonia ......do............... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
madagascariensis.
Babirusa............................ Babyrousa babyrussa.... Indonesia.............. ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Baboon, gelada...................... Theropithecus gelada... Ethiopia............... ......do............... T 16 NA 17.40(c)
Bandicoot, barred................... Perameles bougainville. Australia.............. ......do............... E 4 NA NA
Bandicoot, desert................... Perameles eremiana..... ......do............... ......do............... E 6 NA NA
Bandicoot, lesser rabbit............ Macrotis leucura....... ......do............... ......do............... E 4 NA NA
Bandicoot, pig-footed............... Chaeropus ecaudatus.... ......do............... ......do............... E 4 NA NA
Bandicoot, rabbit................... Macrotis lagotis....... ......do............... ......do............... E 4 NA NA
Banteng............................. Bos javanicus.......... Southeast Asia......... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Bat, Bulmer's fruit (flying fox).... Aproteles bulmerae..... Papua New Guinea....... ......do............... E 139 NA NA
Bat, bumblebee...................... Craseonycteris Thailand............... ......do............... E 139 NA NA
thonglongyai.
Bat, gray........................... Myotis grisescens...... Central and ......do............... E 13 NA NA
southeastern U.S.A..
Bat, Hawaiian hoary................. Lasiurus cinereus U.S.A. (HI)............ ......do............... E 2 NA NA
semotus.
Bat, Indiana........................ Myotis sodalis......... Eastern and Midwestern ......do............... E 1 17.95(a) NA
U.S.A.
Bat, lesser long-nosed.............. Leptonycteris curasoae U.S.A. (AZ, NM), ......do............... E 336 NA NA
yerbabuenae. Mexico, Central
America.
Bat, little Mariana fruit........... Pteropus tokudae....... Western Pacific Ocean-- ......do............... E 156 NA NA
U.S.A. (Guam).
Fruit Bat, Mariana (=fanihi, Mariana Pteropus mariannus Western Pacific Ocean-- ......do............... T 156 Guam NA
flying fox). mariannus. U.S.A. (GU, MP). 17.95(a)
Bat, Mexican long-nosed............. Leptonycteris nivalis.. U.S.A. (NM, TX), ......do............... E 336 NA NA
Mexico, Central
America.
Bat, Ozark big-eared................ Corynorhinus U.S.A. (MO, OK, AR).... ......do............... E 85 NA NA
(=Plecotus) townsendii
ingens.
Bat, Rodrigues fruit (flying fox)... Pteropus rodricensis... Indian Ocean--Rodrigues ......do............... E 139 NA NA
Island.
Bat, Singapore roundleaf horseshoe.. Hipposideros ridleyi... Malaysia............... ......do............... E 139 NA NA
Bat, Virginia big-eared............. Corynorhinus U.S.A. (KY, NC, WV, VA) ......do............... E 85 17.95(a) NA
(=Plecotus) townsendii
virginianus.
[[Page 14]]
Bear, American black................ Ursus americanus....... North America.......... U.S.A. (LA, all T(S/A) 456 NA 17.40(i)
counties; MS, TX, only
within the historic
county range of the
Louisiana black bear).
Bear, Baluchistan................... Ursus thibetanus Iran, Pakistan......... Entire................. E 233 NA NA
gedrosianus.
Bear, brown......................... Ursus arctos arctos.... Palearctic............. Italy.................. E 15, 15A NA NA
Do................................. Ursus arctos pruinosus. China (Tibet).......... Entire................. E 15 NA NA
Bear, grizzly....................... Ursus arctos........... Holarctic.............. U.S.A., conterminous T 1,2D,9 NA 17.40(b)
(lower 48) States,
except where listed as
an experimental
population.
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... U.S.A. (portions of ID XN 706 NA 17.84(l)
and MT, see 17.84(l)).
Bear, Louisiana black............... Ursus americanus U.S.A. (LA--all Entire................. T 456 NA 17.40(i)
luteolus. counties; MS--all
counties south of or
touching a line from
Greenville, Washington
County, to Meridian,
Lauderdale County; TX--
all counties east of
or touching a line
from Linden, Cass
County, SW to Bryan,
Brazos County, thence
SSW to Rockport,
Aransas County).
Bear, Mexican grizzly............... Ursus arctos........... Holarctic.............. Mexico................. E 3 NA NA
Beaver.............................. Castor fiber birulai... Mongolia............... Entire................. E 15 NA NA
Bison, wood......................... Bison bison athabascae. Canada, northwestern Canada................. E 3 NA NA
U.S.A.
Bobcat, Mexican..................... Lynx (=Felis) rufus Central Mexico......... Entire................. E 15 NA NA
escuinapae.
Bontebok (antelope)................. Damaliscus pygarus South Africa........... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
(=dorcas) dorcas.
Camel, Bactrian..................... Camelus bactrianus..... Mongolia, China........ ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Caribou, woodland................... Rangifer tarandus U.S.A. (AK, ID, ME, MI, U.S.A. (ID, WA), Canada E 128E, NA NA
caribou. MN, MT, NH, VT, WA, (that part of S.E. 136, 143
WI), Canada. British Columbia
bounded by the U.S.--
Can. border, Columbia
R., Kootenay R.,
Kootenay L., and
Kootenai R.).
Cat, Andean......................... Felis jacobita......... Chile, Peru, Bolivia, Entire................. E 15 NA NA
Argentina.
Cat, Asian golden (=Temminck's)..... Catopuma (=Felis) Nepal, China, Southeast ......do............... E 15 NA NA
temminckii. Asia, Indonesia
(Sumatra).
Cat, black-footed................... Felis nigripes......... Southern Africa........ ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Cat, flat-headed.................... Prionailurus (=Felis) Malaysia, Indonesia.... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
planiceps.
Cat, Iriomote....................... Prionailurus (=Felis) Japan (Iriomote Island, ......do............... E 50 NA NA
bengalensis Ryukyu Islands).
iriomotensis.
Cat, leopard........................ Prionailurus (=Felis) India, Southeast Asia.. ......do............... E 15 NA NA
bengalensis
bengalensis.
Cat, marbled........................ Pardofelis (=Felis) Nepal, Southeast Asia, ......do............... E 15 NA NA
marmorata. Indonesia.
Cat, Pakistan sand.................. Felis margarita Pakistan............... ......do............... E 139 NA NA
scheffeli.
[[Page 15]]
Cat, tiger.......................... Leopardus (=Felis) Costa Rica to northern ......do............... E 5 NA NA
tigrinus. Argentina.
Chamois, Apennine................... Rupicapra rupicapra Italy.................. ......do............... E 15 NA NA
ornata.
Cheetah............................. Acinonyx jubatus....... Africa to India........ ......do............... E 3, 5 NA NA
Chimpanzee.......................... Pan troglodytes........ Africa--see 17.40(c)(3) Wherever found in the E 16, 376 NA NA
wild.
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... Wherever found in T 16, 376 NA 17.40(c)
captivity.
Chimpanzee, pygmy................... Pan paniscus........... Zaire.................. Entire................. E 16, 376 NA NA
Chinchilla.......................... Chinchilla brevicaudata Bolivia................ ......do............... E 15 NA NA
boliviana.
Civet, Malabar large-spotted........ Viverra civettina India.................. ......do............... E 50 NA NA
(=megaspila c.).
Cochito............................. Phocoena sinus......... Mexico (Gulf of ......do............... E 169 NA NA
California).
Deer, Bactrian...................... Cervus elaphus Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, ......do............... E 50 NA NA
bactrianus. Afghanistan.
Deer, Barbary....................... Cervus elaphus barbarus Morocco, Tunisia, ......do............... E 50 NA NA
Algeria.
Deer, Calamianes (=Philippine)...... Axis porcinus Philippines (Calamian ......do............... E 15 NA NA
calamianensis. Islands).
Deer, Cedros Island mule............ Odocoileus hemionus Mexico (Cedros Island). ......do............... E 10 NA NA
cedrosensis.
Deer, Columbian white-tailed........ Odocoileus virginianus U.S.A. (WA, OR)........ Columbia River (Clark, E 1,738 NA NA
leucurus. Cowlitz, Pacific,
Skamania, and
Wahkiakum Counties,
WA, and Clatsop,
Columbia, and
Multnomah Counties,
OR).
Deer, Corsican red.................. Cervus elaphus Corsica, Sardinia...... ......do............... E 50 NA NA
corsicanus.
Deer, Eld's brow-antlered........... Cervus eldi............ India to Southeast Asia ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Deer, Formosan sika................. Cervus nippon taiouanus Taiwan................. ......do............... E 50 NA NA
Deer, Indochina hog................. Axis (=Cervus) porcinus Thailand, Indochina.... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
annamiticus.
Deer, key........................... Odocoileus virginianus U.S.A. (FL)............ ......do............... E 1 NA NA
clavium.
Deer, Kuhl's (=Bawean).............. Axis porcinus kuhli.... Indonesia.............. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Deer, marsh......................... Blastocerus dichotomus. Argentina, Uruguay, ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Paraguay, Bolivia,
Brazil.
Deer, McNeill's..................... Cervus elaphus China (Sinkiang, Tibet) ......do............... E 3 NA NA
macneilii.
Deer, musk.......................... Moschus spp. (all Central and eastern Afghanistan, Bhutan, E 15 NA NA
species). Asia. Burma, China (Tibet,
Yunnan), India, Nepal,
Pakistan, Sikkim.
Deer, North China sika.............. Cervus nippon China (Shantung and Entire................. E 50 NA NA
mandarinus. Chihli Provinces).
Deer, pampas........................ Ozotoceros bezoarticus. Brazil, Argentina, ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Uruguay, Bolivia,
Paraguay.
Deer, Persian fallow................ Dama mesopotamica Iraq, Iran............. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
(=dama m.).
Deer, Ryukyu sika................... Cervus nippon keramae.. Japan (Ryukyu Islands). ......do............... E 50 NA NA
Deer, Shansi sika................... Cervus nippon China (Shansi Province) ......do............... E 50 NA NA
grassianus.
Deer, South China sika.............. Cervus nippon kopschi.. Southern China......... ......do............... E 50 NA NA
Deer, swamp......................... Cervus duvauceli....... India, Nepal........... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Deer, Visayan....................... Cervus alfredi......... Philippines............ ......do............... E 320 NA NA
Deer, Yarkand....................... Cervus elaphus China (Sinkiang)....... ......do............... E 50 NA NA
yarkandensis.
Dhole............................... Cuon alpinus........... C.I.S., Korea, China, ......do............... E 3 NA NA
India, Southeast Asia.
Dibbler............................. Antechinus apicalis.... Australia.............. ......do............... E 4 NA NA
Dog, African wild................... Lycaon pictus.......... Sub-Saharan Africa..... ......do............... E 139 NA NA
Dolphin, Chinese river.............. Lipotes vexillifer..... China.................. ......do............... E 350 NA NA
[[Page 16]]
Dolphin, Indus River................ Platanista minor....... Pakistan (Indus R. and ......do............... E 417 NA NA
tributaries).
Drill............................... Mandrillus (=Papio) Equatorial West Africa. ......do............... E 16 NA NA
leucophaeus.
Dugong.............................. Dugong dugon........... East Africa to southern ......do............... E 4, 740 NA NA
Japan, including Palau.
Duiker, Jentink's................... Cephalophus jentinki... Sierra Leone, Liberia, ......do............... E 50 NA NA
Ivory Coast.
Eland, western giant................ Taurotragus derbianus Senegal to Ivory Coast. ......do............... E 50 NA NA
derbianus.
Elephant, African................... Loxodonta africana..... Africa................. ......do............... T 40 NA 17.40(e)
Elephant, Asian..................... Elephas maximus........ South-central and ......do............... E 15 NA NA
southeastern Asia.
Ferret. black-footed................ Mustela nigripes....... Western U.S.A., Western Entire, except where E 1, 3, NA NA
Canada. listed as an 433,
experimental 545,
population. 546,
582,
646,
703, 737
......do............................ ......do............... ......do............... U.S.A. (specified XN 433, NA 17.84(g)
portions of AZ, CO, 545,
MT, SD, UT, and WY, 546,
see 17.84(g)(9)). 582,
646,
703, 737
Fox, northern swift................. Vulpes velox hebes..... U.S.A. (northern Canada................. E 3 NA NA
plains), Canada.
Fox, San Joaquin kit................ Vulpes macrotis mutica. U.S.A. (CA)............ Entire................. E 1 NA NA
Fox, San Miguel Island.............. Urocyon littoralis ......do............... U.S.A. (CA)............ E 742 NA NA
littoralis.
Fox, Santa Catalina Island.......... Urocyon littoralis ......do............... ......do............... E 742 NA NA
catalinae.
Fox, Santa Cruz Island.............. Urocyon littoralis ......do............... ......do............... E 742 NA NA
santacruzae.
Fox, Santa Rosa Island.............. Urocyon littoralis ......do............... ......do............... E 742 NA NA
santarosae.
Fox, Simien......................... Canis simensis......... Ethiopia............... Entire................. E 50 NA NA
Gazelle, Arabian.................... Gazella gazella........ Arabian Peninsula, ......do............... E 50 NA NA
Palestine, Sinai.
Gazelle, Clark's.................... Ammodorcas clarkei..... Somalia, Ethiopia...... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Gazelle, Mhorr...................... Gazella dama mhorr..... Morocco................ ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Gazelle, Moroccan................... Gazella dorcas Morocco, Algeria, ......do............... E 3 NA NA
massaesyla. Tunisia.
Gazelle, mountain (=Cuvier's)....... Gazella cuvieri........ ......do............... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Gazelle, Pelzeln's.................. Gazella dorcas pelzelni Somalia................ ......do............... E 50 NA NA
Gazelle, Rio de Oro Dama............ Gazella dama lozanoi... Western Sahara......... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Gazelle, sand....................... Gazella subgutturosa Jordan, Arabian ......do............... E 50 NA NA
marica. Peninsula.
Gazelle, Saudi Arabian.............. Gazella dorcas saudiya. Israel, Iraq, Jordan, ......do............... E 50 NA NA
Syria, Arabian
Peninsula.
Gazelle, slender-horned............. Gazella leptoceros..... Sudan, Egypt, Algeria, ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Libya.
Gibbons............................. Hylobates spp. China, India, Southeast ......do............... E 3, 15 NA NA
(including Nomascus). Asia.
Goral............................... Nemorhaedus goral...... East Asia.............. ......do............... E 15 NA NA
[[Page 17]]
Gorilla............................. Gorilla gorilla........ Central and western ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Africa.
Hare, hispid........................ Caprolagus hispidus.... India, Nepal, Bhutan... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Hartebeest, Swayne's................ Alcelaphus buselaphus Ethiopia, Somalia...... ......do............... E 3, 50 NA NA
swaynei.
Hartebeest, Tora.................... Alcelaphus buselaphus Ethiopia, Sudan, Egypt. ......do............... E 50 NA NA
tora.
Hog, pygmy.......................... Sus salvanius.......... India, Nepal, Bhutan, ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Sikkim.
Horse, Przewalski's................. Equus przewalskii...... Mongolia, China........ ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Huemul, north Andean................ Hippocamelus antisensis Ecuador, Peru, Chile, ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Bolivia, Argentina.
Huemul, south Andean................ Hippocamelus bisulcus.. Chile, Argentina....... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Hutia, Cabrera's.................... Capromys angelcabrerai. Cuba................... ......do............... E 233 NA NA
Hutia, dwarf........................ Capromys nana.......... ......do............... ......do............... E 233 NA NA
Hutia, large-eared.................. Capromys auritus....... ......do............... ......do............... E 233 NA NA
Hutia, little earth................. Capromys sanfelipensis. ......do............... ......do............... E 233 NA NA
Hyena, Barbary...................... Hyaena hyaena barbara.. Morocco, Algeria, ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Tunisia.
Hyena, brown........................ Parahyaena (=Hyaena) Southern Africa........ ......do............... E 3 NA NA
brunnea.
Ibex, Pyrenean...................... Capra pyrenaica Spain.................. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
pyrenaica.
Ibex, Walia......................... Capra walie............ Ethiopia............... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Impala, black-faced................. Aepyceros melampus Namibia, Angola........ ......do............... E 3 NA NA
petersi.
Indri............................... Indri indri (=entire Malagasy Republic ......do............... E 3 NA NA
genus). (=Madagascar).
Jaguar.............................. Panthera onca.......... U.S.A. (AZ, CA, LA, NM, ......do............... E 5, 622 NA NA
TX), Mexico, Central
and South America.
Jaguarundi, Guatemalan.............. Herpailurus (=Felis) Mexico, Nicaragua...... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
yagouaroundi fossata.
Jaguarundi, Gulf Coast.............. Herpailurus (=Felis) U.S.A. (TX), Mexico.... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
yagouaroundi cacomitli.
Jaguarundi, Panamanian.............. Herpailurus (=Felis) Nicaragua, Costa Rica, ......do............... E 15 NA NA
yagouaroundi Panama.
panamensis.
Jaguarundi, Sinaloan................ Herpailurus (=Felis) U.S.A. (AZ), Mexico.... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
yagouaroundi tolteca.
Kangaroo rat, Fresno................ Dipodomys nitratoides U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... E 170 17.95(a) NA
exilis.
Kangaroo rat, giant................. Dipodomys ingens....... ......do............... ......do............... E 251 NA NA
Kangaroo rat, Morro Bay............. Dipodomys heermanni ......do............... ......do............... E 2 17.95(a) NA
morroensis.
Kangaroo rat, San Bernardino Dipodomys merriami ......do............... ......do............... E 632E, 17.95(a) NA
Merriam's.. parvus. 645
Kangaroo rat, Stephens'............. Dipodomys stephensi ......do............... ......do............... E 338 NA NA
(incl. D. cascus).
Kangaroo rat, Tipton................ Dipodomys nitratoides ......do............... ......do............... E 312 NA NA
nitratoides.
Kangaroo, Tasmanian forester........ Macropus giganteus Australia (Tasmania)... ......do............... E 6 NA NA
tasmaniensis.
Koala............................... Phascolarctos cinereus. Australia.............. Australia.............. T 698 NA NA
Kouprey............................. Bos sauveli............ Vietnam, Laos, Entire................. E 3 NA NA
Cambodia, Thailand.
Langur, capped...................... Trachypithecus India, Burma, ......do............... E 15 NA NA
(=Presbytis) pileatus. Bangladesh.
Langur, Douc........................ Pygathrix nemaeus...... Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Langur, Francois'................... Trachypithecus China (Kwangsi), ......do............... E 16 NA NA
(=Presbytis) francoisi. Indochina.
[[Page 18]]
Langur, golden...................... Trachypithecus India (Assam), Bhutan.. ......do............... E 15 NA NA
(=Presbytis) geei.
Langur, gray (=entellus)............ Semnopithecus China (Tibet), India, ......do............... E 15 NA NA
(=Presbytis) entellus. Pakistan, Kashmir, Sri
Lanka, Sikkim,
Bangladesh.
Langur, long-tailed................. Presbytis potenziani... Indonesia.............. ......do............... T 16 NA 17.40(c)
Langur, Pagi Island................. Nasalis concolor....... ......do............... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Langur, purple-faced................ Presbytis senex........ Sri Lanka.............. ......do............... T 16 NA 17.40(c)
Lechwe, red......................... Kobus leche............ Southern Africa........ ......do............... T 3, 15, NA NA
106
Lemurs.............................. Lemuridae (incl. genera Malagasy Republic ......do............... E 3, 15, NA NA
Lemur, Phaner, (=Madagascar). 15A
Hapalemur, Lepilemur,
Microcebus, Allocebus,
Cheirogaleus, Varecia).
Leopard............................. Panthera pardus........ Africa, Asia........... Wherever found, except E 3, 5, NA NA
where it is listed as 114
Threatened as set
forth below.
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... In Africa, in the wild, T 3, 5, NA 17.40(f)
south of, and 114
including, the
following countries:
Gabon, Congo, Zaire,
Uganda, Kenya.
Leopard, clouded.................... Neofelis nebulosa...... Southeastern and south- Entire................. E 3, 15 NA NA
central Asia, Taiwan.
Leopard, snow....................... Uncia (=Panthera) uncia Central Asia........... ......do............... E 5 NA NA
Linsang, spotted.................... Prionodon pardicolor... Nepal, Assam, Vietnam, ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Cambodia, Laos, Burma.
Lion, Asiatic....................... Panthera leo persica... Turkey to India........ ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Loris, lesser slow.................. Nycticebus pygmaeus.... Indochina.............. ......do............... T 16 NA 17.40(c)
Lynx, Canada........................ Lynx canadensis........ U.S.A. (AK, CO, ID, ME, CO, ID, ME, MI, MN, MT, T 692 NA 17.40(k)
MI, MN, MT, NH, NY, NH, NY, OR, UT, VT,
OR, PA, UT, VT, WA, WA, WI, WY.
WI, WY), Canada,
circumboreal.
Lynx, Spanish....................... Felis pardina.......... Spain, Portugal........ Entire................. E 3 NA NA
Macaque, Formosan rock.............. Macaca cyclopis........ Taiwan................. ......do............... T 16 NA 17.40(c)
Macaque, Japanese................... Macaca fuscata......... Japan (Shikoku, Kyushu ......do............... T 16 NA 17.40(c)
and Honshu Islands).
Macaque, lion-tailed................ Macaca silenus......... India.................. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Macaque, stump-tailed............... Macaca arctoides....... India (Assam) to ......do............... T 16 NA 17.40(c)
southern China.
Macaque, Toque...................... Macaca sinica.......... Sri Lanka.............. ......do............... T 16 NA 17.40(c)
Manatee, Amazonian.................. Trichechus inunguis.... South America (Amazon ......do............... E 3 NA NA
R. basin).
Manatee, West African............... Trichechus senegalensis West Coast of Africa ......do............... T 52 NA NA
from Senegal R. to
Cuanza R.
Manatee, West Indian................ Trichechus manatus..... U.S.A. (southeastern), ......do............... E 1, 3 17.95(a) 17.108(a)
Caribbean Sea, South
America.
Mandrill............................ Mandrillus (=Papio) Equatorial West Africa. ......do............... E 16 NA NA
sphinx.
Mangabey, Tana River................ Cercocebus galeritus Kenya.................. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
galeritus.
[[Page 19]]
Mangabey, white-collared............ Cercocebus torquatus... Senegal to Ghana; ......do............... E 16 NA NA
Nigeria to Gabon.
Margay.............................. Leopardus (=Felis) U.S.A. (TX), Central Mexico southward....... E 5 NA NA
wiedii. and South America.
Markhor, chiltan (=wild goat)....... Capra falconeri Chiltan Range of west- Entire................. E 15 NA NA
(=aegagrus) central Pakistan.
chiltanensis.
Markhor, Kabul...................... Capra falconeri Afghanistan, Pakistan.. ......do............... E 15 NA NA
megaceros.
Markhor, straight-horned............ Capra falconeri jerdoni ......do............... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Marmoset, buff-headed............... Callithrix flaviceps... Brazil................. ......do............... E 139 NA NA
Marmoset, cotton-top................ Saguinus oedipus....... Costa Rica to Colombia. ......do............... E 16 NA NA
Marmoset, Goeldi's.................. Callimico goeldii...... Brazil, Colombia, ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.
Marmoset, white-eared (=buffy tufted- Callithrix aurita Brazil................. ......do............... E 233 NA NA
ear). (=jacchus a.).
Marmot, Vancouver Island............ Marmota vancouverensis. Canada (Vancouver ......do............... E 139 NA NA
Island).
Marsupial, eastern jerboa........... Antechinomys laniger... Australia.............. ......do............... E 4 NA NA
Marsupial-mouse, large desert....... Sminthopsis psammophila ......do............... ......do............... E 4 NA NA
Marsupial-mouse, long-tailed........ Sminthopsis ......do............... ......do............... E 4 NA NA
longicaudata.
Marten, Formosan yellow-throated.... Martes flavigula Taiwan................. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
chrysospila.
Monkey, black colobus............... Colobus satanas........ Equatorial Guinea, ......do............... E 16 NA NA
People's Republic of
Congo, Cameroon, Gabon.
Monkey, black howler................ Alouatta pigra......... Mexico, Guatemala, ......do............... T 16 NA 17.40(c)
Belize.
Monkey, Diana....................... Cercopithecus diana.... Coastal West Africa.... ......do............... E 16 NA NA
Monkey, Guizhou snub-nosed.......... Rhinopithecus brelichi. China.................. ......do............... E 400 NA NA
Monkey, L'hoest's................... Cercopithecus lhoesti.. Upper eastern Congo R. ......do............... E 16 NA NA
Basin, Cameroon.
Monkey, mantled howler.............. Alouatta palliata...... Mexico to South America ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Monkey, Preuss' red colobus......... Procolobus (=Colobus) Cameroon............... ......do............... E 139 NA NA
preussi (=badius p.).
Monkey, proboscis................... Nasalis larvatus....... Borneo................. ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Monkey, red-backed squirrel......... Saimiri oerstedii...... Costa Rica, Panama..... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Monkey, red-bellied................. Cercopithecus Western Nigeria........ ......do............... E 16 NA NA
erythrogaster.
Monkey, red-eared nose-spotted...... Cercopithecus Nigeria, Cameroon, ......do............... E 16 NA NA
erythrotis. Fernando Po.
Monkey, Sichuan snub-nosed.......... Rhinopithecus roxellana China.................. ......do............... E 400 NA NA
Monkey, spider...................... Ateles geoffroyi Costa Rica, Nicaragua.. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
frontatus.
Do................................. Ateles geoffroyl Costa Rica, Panama..... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
panamensis.
Monkey, Tana River red colobus...... Procolobus (=Colobus) Kenya.................. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
rufomitratus (=badius
r.).
Monkey, Tonkin snub-nosed........... Rhinopithecus avunculus Vietnam................ ......do............... E 16, 400 NA NA
Monkey, woolly spider............... Brachyteles arachnoides Brazil................. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Monkey, yellow-tailed woolly........ Lagothrix flavicauda... Andes of northern Peru. ......do............... E 16 NA NA
Monkey, Yunnan snub-nosed........... Rhinopithecus bieti.... China.................. ......do............... E 400 NA NA
Monkey, Zanzibar red colobus........ Procolobus (=Colobus) Tanzania............... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
pennantii (=kirki)
kirki.
Mountain beaver, Point Arena........ Aplodontia rufa nigra.. U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... E 454 NA NA
Mouse, Alabama beach................ Peromyscus polionotus U.S.A. (AL)............ ......do............... E 183 17.95(a) NA
ammobates.
Mouse, Anastasia Island beach....... Peromyscus polionotus U.S.A. (FL)............ ......do............... E 349 NA NA
phasma.
Mouse, Australian native............ Notomys aquilo......... Australia.............. ......do............... E 15 NA NA
[[Page 20]]
Do................................. Zyzomys pedunculatus... ......do............... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Mouse, Choctawhatchee beach......... Peromyscus polionotus U.S.A. (FL)............ ......do............... E 183 17.95(a) NA
allophrys.
Mouse, Field's...................... Pseudomys fieldi....... Australia.............. ......do............... E 4 NA NA
Mouse, Gould's...................... Pseudomys gouldii...... ......do............... ......do............... E 6 NA NA
Mouse, Key Largo cotton............. Peromyscus gossypinus U.S.A. (FL)............ ......do............... E 131E, NA NA
allapaticola. 160
Mouse, New Holland.................. Pseudomys Australia.............. ......do............... E 4 NA NA
novaehollandiae.
Mouse, Pacific pocket............... Perognathus U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... E 526E, NA NA
longimembris pacificus. 554
Mouse, Perdido Key beach............ Peromyscus polionotus U.S.A. (AL, FL)........ ......do............... E 183 17.95(a) NA
trissyllepsis.
Mouse, Preble's meadow jumping...... Zapus hudsonius preblei U.S.A. (CO, WY)........ ......do............... T 636 17.95(a) 17.40(l)
Mouse, salt marsh harvest........... Reithrodontomys U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... E 2 NA NA
raviventris.
Mouse, Shark Bay.................... Pseudomys praeconis.... Australia.............. ......do............... E 4 NA NA
Mouse, Shortridge's................. Pseudomys shortridgei.. ......do............... ......do............... E 4 NA NA
Mouse, smoky........................ Pseudomys fumeus....... ......do............... ......do............... E 4 NA NA
Mouse, southeastern beach........... Peromyscus polionotus U.S.A. (FL)............ ......do............... T 349 NA NA
niveiventris.
Mouse, St. Andrew beach............. Peromyscus polionotus ......do............... ......do............... E 655 NA NA
peninsularis.
Mouse, western...................... Pseudomys occidentalis. Australia.............. ......do............... E 4 NA NA
Muntjac, Fea's...................... Muntiacus feae......... Northern Thailand, ......do............... E 50 NA NA
Burma.
Native-cat, eastern................. Dasyurus viverrinus.... Australia.............. ......do............... E 6 NA NA
Numbat.............................. Myrmecobius fasciatus.. ......do............... ......do............... E 4, 6 NA NA
Ocelot.............................. Leopardus (=Felis) U.S.A. (AZ, TX) to ......do............... E 5, 119 NA NA
pardalis. Central and South
America.
Orangutan........................... Pongo pygmaeus......... Borneo, Sumatra........ ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Oryx, Arabian....................... Oryx leucoryx.......... Arabian Peninsula...... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Otter, Cameroon clawless............ Aonyx congicus Cameroon, Nigeria...... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
(=congica) microdon.
Otter, giant........................ Pteronura brasiliensis. South America.......... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Otter, long-tailed.................. Lontra (=Lutra) ......do............... ......do............... E 3, 15 NA NA
longicaudis (incl.
platensis).
Otter, marine....................... Lontra (=Lutra) felina. Peru south to Straits ......do............... E 15 NA NA
of Magellan.
Otter, northern sea................. Enhydra lutris kenyoni. U.S.A. (AK, WA)........ Southwest Alaska, from T ........ NA NA
Attu Island to Western
Cook Inlet, including
Bristol Bay, the
Kodiak Archipelago,
and the Barren Islands.
Otter, southern river............... Lontra (=Lutra) Chile, Argentina....... Entire................. E 15 NA NA
provocax.
Otter, southern sea................. Enhydra lutris nereis.. West Coast, U.S.A. (CA, Entire, except where T 21, 284 NA 17.84(d)
OR, WA) south to listed below.
Mexico (Baja
California).
[[Page 21]]
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... All areas subject to XN 284 NA 17.84(d)
U.S. jurisdiction
south of Pt.
Conception, CA
(34[deg]26.9[min] N.
Lat.) [Note--status
governed by Pub. L. 99-
625, 100 Stat. 3500.].
Panda, giant........................ Ailuropoda melanoleuca. China.................. Entire................. E 139 NA NA
Pangolin, Temnick's ground.......... Manis temmincki........ Africa................. ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Panther, Florida.................... Puma (=Felis) concolor U.S.A. (LA and AR east ......do............... E 1 NA NA
coryi. to SC and FL).
Planigale, little................... Planigale ingrami Australia.............. ......do............... E 4 NA NA
subtilissima.
Planigale, southern................. Planigale tenuirostris. ......do............... ......do............... E 4 NA NA
Porcupine, thin-spined.............. Chaetomys subspinosus.. Brazil................. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Possum, Leadbeater's................ Gymnobelideus Australia.............. ......do............... E 233 NA NA
leadbeateri.
Possum, mountain pygmy.............. Burramys parvus........ ......do............... ......do............... E 4 NA NA
Possum, scaly-tailed................ Wyulda squamicaudata... ......do............... ......do............... E 4 NA NA
Prairie dog, Mexican................ Cynomys mexicanus...... Mexico................. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Prairie dog, Utah................... Cynomys parvidens...... U.S.A. (UT)............ ......do............... T 6, 149 NA 17.40(g)
Pronghorn, peninsular............... Antilocapra americana Mexico (Baja ......do............... E 10 NA NA
peninsularis. California).
Pronghorn, Sonoran.................. Antilocapra americana U.S.A. (AZ), Mexico.... ......do............... E 1, 3 NA NA
sonoriensis.
Pudu................................ Pudu pudu.............. Southern South America. ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Puma (=mountain lion)............... Puma (=Felis) concolor Canada to South America U.S.A. (FL)............ T(S/A) 432 NA 17.40(h)
(all subsp. except
coryi).
Puma, Costa Rican................... Puma (=Felis) concolor Nicaragua, Panama, Entire................. E 15 NA NA
costaricensis. Costa Rica.
Puma (=cougar), eastern............. Puma (=Felis) concolor Eastern North America.. ......do............... E 6 NA NA
couguar.
Quokka.............................. Setonix brachyurus..... Australia.............. ......do............... E 6 NA NA
Rabbit, Columbia Basin pygmy........ Brachylagus idahoensis. U.S.A. (western U.S.A. (WA--Douglas, E ........ NA NA
conterminous U.S.). Grant, Lincoln, Adams,
Benton Counties).
Rabbit, Lower Keys.................. Sylvilagus palustris U.S.A. (FL)............ Entire................. E 390 NA NA
hefneri.
Rabbit, riparian brush.............. Sylvilagus bachmani U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... E 687 NA NA
riparius.
Rabbit, Ryukyu...................... Pentalagus furnessi.... Japan (Ryukyu Islands). ......do............... E 50 NA NA
Rabbit, volcano..................... Romerolagus diazi...... Mexico................. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Rat, false water.................... Xeromys myoides........ Australia.............. ......do............... E 4 NA NA
Rat, stick-nest..................... Leporillus conditor.... ......do............... ......do............... E 6 NA NA
Rat-kangaroo, brush-tailed.......... Bettongia penicillata.. ......do............... ......do............... E 4 NA NA
Rat-kangaroo, desert (=plain)....... Caloprymnus campestris. ......do............... ......do............... E 4 NA NA
Rat-kangaroo, Gaimard's............. Bettongia gaimardi..... ......do............... ......do............... E 6 NA NA
Rat-kangaroo, Lesuer's.............. Bettongia lesueur...... ......do............... ......do............... E 4 NA NA
Rat-kangaroo, Queensland............ Bettongia tropica...... ......do............... ......do............... E 4 NA NA
Rhinoceros, black................... Diceros bicornis....... Sub-Saharan Africa..... ......do............... E 97 NA NA
Rhinoceros, great Indian............ Rhinoceros unicornis... India, Nepal........... ......do............... E 4 NA NA
Rhinoceros, Javan................... Rhinoceros sondaicus... Indonesia, Indochina, ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Burma, Thailand,
Sikkim, Bangladesh,
Malaysia.
Rhinoceros, northern white.......... Ceratotherium simum Zaire, Sudan, Uganda, ......do............... E 3 NA NA
cottoni. Central African
Republic.
[[Page 22]]
Rhinoceros, Sumatran................ Dicerorhinus Bangladesh to Vietnam ......do............... E 3 NA NA
sumatrensis. to Indonesia (Borneo).
Rice rat............................ Oryzomys palustris U.S.A. (FL)............ Lower FL Keys (west of E 421 17.95(a) NA
natator. Seven Mile Bridge).
Saiga, Mongolian (antelope)......... Saiga tatarica Mongolia............... Entire................. E 15 NA NA
mongolica.
Saki, southern bearded.............. Chiropotes satanas Brazil................. ......do............... E 233 NA NA
satanas.
Saki, white-nosed................... Chiropotes albinasus... ......do............... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Sea-lion, Steller................... Eumetopias jubatus..... U.S.A. (AK, CA, OR, Entire, except the T 384E, 226.202 223.102,
WA), Canada, Russia; population segment 408, 614 223.202
North Pacific Ocean. west of 144[deg] W.
Long.
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... Population segment west E 384E , 226.202 NA
of 144[deg] W. Long. 408, 614
Seal, Caribbean monk................ Monachus tropicalis.... Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Entire................. E 1, 2D, NA NA
Mexico. 45
Seal, Guadalupe fur................. Arctocephalus townsendi U.S.A. (Farallon ......do............... T 1, 2D, NA 223.201
Islands of CA) south 212
to Mexico (Islas
Revillagigedo).
Seal, Hawaiian monk................. Monachus schauinslandi. U.S.A. (HI)............ ......do............... E 18 226.201 NA
Seal, Mediterranean monk............ Monachus monachus...... Mediterranean, ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Northwest African
Coast and Black Sea.
Seal, Saimaa........................ Phoca hispida saimensis Finland (Lake Saimaa).. ......do............... E 508 NA NA
Seledang............................ Bos gaurus............. Bangladesh, Southeast ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Asia, India.
Serow............................... Naemorhedus East Asia, Sumatra..... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
(=Capricornis)
sumatraensis.
Serval, Barbary..................... Leptailurus (=Felis) Algeria................ ......do............... E 3 NA NA
serval constantina.
Shapo............................... Ovis vignei vignei..... Kashmir................ ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Sheep, bighorn...................... Ovis canadensis........ U.S.A. (Western U.S.A. (CA) Peninsular E 634 17.95(a) NA
conterminous states), Ranges.
Canada (southwestern),
Mexico (northern).
Sheep, Sierra Nevada bighorn........ Ovis canadensis ......do............... U.S.A. (CA) Sierra E 660E, NA NA
californiana. Nevada. 675
Shou................................ Cervus elaphus wallichi Tibet, Bhutan.......... Entire................. E 3 NA NA
Shrew, Buena Vista Lake............. Sorex ornatus relictus. U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... E 725 17.95(a) NA
Siamang............................. Symphalangus Malaysia, Indonesia.... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
syndactylus.
Sifakas............................. Propithecus spp........ Malagasy Republic ......do............... E 4 NA NA
(=Madagascar).
Sloth, Brazilian three-toed......... Bradypus torquatus..... Brazil................. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Solenodon, Cuban.................... Solenodon cubanus...... Cuba................... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Solenodon, Haitian.................. Solenodon paradoxus.... Dominican Republic, ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Haiti.
Squirrel, Carolina northern flying.. Glaucomys sabrinus U.S.A. (NC, TN)........ ......do............... E 189 NA NA
coloratus.
Squirrel, Delmarva Peninsula fox.... Sciurus niger cinereus. U.S.A. (Delmarva Entire, except Sussex E 1, 161, NA NA
Peninsula to Co., DE. 168
southeastern PA).
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... U.S.A. (DE--Sussex Co.) XN 161 NA 17.84(a)
[[Page 23]]
Squirrel, Mount Graham red.......... Tamiasciurus hudsonicus U.S.A. (AZ)............ Entire................. E 268 17.95(a) NA
grahamensis.
Squirrel, northern Idaho ground..... Spermophilus brunneus U.S.A. (ID)............ ......do............... T 693 NA NA
brunneus.
Squirrel, Virginia northern flying.. Glaucomys sabrinus U.S.A. (VA, WV)........ ......do............... E 189 NA NA
fuscus.
Stag, Barbary....................... Cervus elaphus barbarus Tunisia, Algeria....... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Stag, Kashmir....................... Cervus elaphus hanglu.. Kashmir................ ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Suni, Zanzibar...................... Neotragus moschatus Zanzibar (and nearby ......do............... E 50 NA NA
moschatus. islands).
Tahr, Arabian....................... Hemitragus jayakari.... Oman................... ......do............... E 50 NA NA
Tamaraw............................. Bubalus mindorensis.... Philippines............ ......do............... E 4 NA NA
Tamarin, golden-rumped.............. Leontopithecus spp..... Brazil................. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Tamarin, pied....................... Saguinus bicolor....... ......do............... ......do............... E 16 NA NA
Tamarin, white-footed............... Saguinus leucopus...... Colombia............... ......do............... T 16 NA 17.40(c)
Tapir, Asian........................ Tapirus indicus........ Burma, Laos, Cambodia, ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Vietnam, Malaysia,
Indonesia, Thailand.
Tapir, Central American............. Tapirus bairdii........ Southern Mexico to ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Colombia and Ecuador.
Tapir, mountain..................... Tapirus pinchaque...... Colombia, Ecuador and ......do............... E 3 NA NA
possibly Peru and
Venezuela.
Tapir, South American (=Brazilian).. Tapirus terrestris..... Colombia and Venezuela ......do............... E 3 NA NA
south to Paraguay and
Argentina.
Tarsier, Philippine................. Tarsius syrichta....... Philippines............ ......do............... T 16 NA 17.40(c)
Tiger............................... Panthera tigris........ Temperate and tropical ......do............... E 3, 5 NA NA
Asia.
Tiger, Tasmanian.................... Thylacinus cynocephalus Australia.............. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Uakari (all species)................ Cacajao spp............ Peru, Brazil, Ecuador, ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Colombia, Venezuela.
Urial............................... Ovis musimon ophion.... Cyprus................. ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Vicu[ntilde]a....................... Vicugna vicugna........ Argentina, Bolivia, Entire, except Ecudator T 3, 724 NA 17.40 (m)
Chile, Ecuador, Peru.
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... Ecuador................ E 3, 724 NA NA
Vole, Amargosa...................... Microtus californicus U.S.A. (CA)............ Entire................. E 166 17.95(a) NA
scirpensis.
Vole, Florida salt marsh............ Microtus pennsylvanicus U.S.A. (FL)............ ......do............... E 415 NA NA
dukecampbelli.
Vole, Hualapai Mexican.............. Microtus mexicanus U.S.A. (AZ)............ ......do............... E 292 NA NA
hualpaiensis.
Wallaby, banded hare................ Lagostrophus fasciatus. Australia.............. ......do............... E 4 NA NA
Wallaby, brindled nail-tailed....... Onychogalea fraenata... ......do............... ......do............... E 4 NA NA
Wallaby, crescent nail-tailed....... Onychogalea lunata..... ......do............... ......do............... E 4 NA NA
Wallaby, Parma...................... Macropus parma......... ......do............... ......do............... E 4 NA NA
Wallaby, western hare............... Lagorchestes hirsutus.. ......do............... ......do............... E 4 NA NA
Wallaby, yellow-footed rock......... Petrogale xanthopus.... ......do............... ......do............... E 6 NA NA
Whale, blue......................... Balaenoptera musculus.. Oceanic................ ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Whale, bowhead...................... Balaena mysticetus..... Oceanic (north ......do............... E 3 NA NA
latitudes only).
Whale, finback...................... Balaenoptera physalus.. Oceanic................ ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Whale, gray......................... Eschrichtius robustus.. North Pacific Ocean-- Entire, except eastern E 3, 540 NA NA
coastal and Bering North Pacific Ocean--
Sea, formerly North coastal and Bering,
Atlantic Ocean. Beaufort, and Chukchi
Seas.
Whale, humpback..................... Megaptera novaeangliae. Oceanic................ Entire................. E 3 NA 224.101,
224.103
[[Page 24]]
Whale, North Atlantic right......... Eubalaena glacialis.... ......do............... ......do............... E 3 226.203 224.103
Whale, North Pacific right.......... Eubalaena japonica..... ...... do.............. ...... do.............. E 3 NA NA
Whale, Southern right............... Eubalaena australis.... ...... do.............. ...... do.............. E 3 NA NA
Whale, Sei.......................... Balaenoptera borealis.. ......do............... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Whale, sperm........................ Physeter catodon ......do............... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
(=macrocephalus).
Wolf, gray.......................... Canis lupus............ Holarctic.............. Southwestern Distinct E 1, 6, NA NA
Population Segment- 13, 15,
U.S.A. (AZ, NM, CO 35, 631,
south of Interstate 735
Highway 70, UT south
of U.S. Highway 50, OK
and TX, except those
parts of OK and TX
east of Interstate
Highway 35; except
where listed as an
experimental
population); Mexico.
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... Eastern Distinct T 1, 6, 17.95(a) 17.40(d)
Population Segment-- 13, 15, 17.40(o)
U.S.A. (CT, IA, IL, 35,735
IN, KS, MA, ME, MI,
MN, MO, ND, NE, NH,
NJ, NY, OH, PA, RI,
SD, VT, and WI).
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... Western Distinct T 1, 6, NA 17.40(n)
Population Segment-- 13, 15,
U.S.A. (CA, ID, MT, 35, 561,
NV, OR, WA, WY, UT 562,
north of U.S. Highway 735, 745
50, and CO north of
Interstate Highway 70,
except where listed as
an experimental
population).
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... U.S.A. (WY and portions XN 561, NA 17.84(i),
of ID and MT--see 562, 745 17.84(n)
17.84(i)).
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... U.S.A. (portions of AZ, XN 631 NA 17.84(k)
NM, and TX--see
section 17.84(k)).
Wolf, maned......................... Chrysocyon brachyurus.. Argentina, Bolivia, Entire................. E 4 NA NA
Brazil, Paraguay,
Uruguay.
Wolf, red........................... Canis rufus............ U.S.A. (SE U.S.A., west Entire, except where E 1, 248, NA NA
to central TX). listed as experimental 449, 579
populations below.
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... U.S.A. (portions of NC XN 248, NA 17.84(c)
and TN--see 449, 579
17.84(c)(9)).
Wombat, Queensland hairy-nosed Lasiorhinus krefftii Australia.............. Entire................. E 4, 6 NA NA
(incl. Barnard's). (formerly L. barnardi
and L. gillespiei).
Woodrat, Key Largo.................. Neotoma floridana U.S.A. (FL)............ ......do............... E 131E, NA NA
smalli. 160
Woodrat, riparian (San Joaquin Neotoma fuscipes U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... E 687 NA NA
Valley). riparia.
Yak, wild........................... Bos mutus (=grunniens China (Tibet), India... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
m.).
Zebra, Grevy's...................... Equus grevyi........... Kenya, Ethiopia, ......do............... T 54 NA NA
Somalia.
Zebra, Hartmann's mountain.......... Equus zebra hartmannae. Namibia, Angola........ ......do............... T 54, 111 NA NA
[[Page 25]]
Zebra, mountain..................... Equus zebra zebra...... South Africa........... ......do............... E 15, 111 NA NA
Birds
`Akepa, Hawaii (honeycreeper)....... Loxops coccineus U.S.A. (HI)............ ......do............... E 2 NA NA
coccineus.
`Akepa, Maui (honeycreeper)......... Loxops coccineus ......do............... ......do............... E 2 NA NA
ochraceus.
`Akialoa, Kauai (honeycreeper)...... Hemignathus procerus... ......do............... ......do............... E 1 NA NA
`Akiapola`au (honeycreeper)......... Hemignathus munroi..... ......do............... ......do............... E 1 NA NA
Albatross, Amsterdam................ Diomedea amsterdamensis Indian Ocean--Amsterdam ......do............... E 571 NA NA
Island.
Albatross, short-tailed............. Phoebastria (=Diomedea) North Pacific Ocean and ......do............... E 3, 700 NA NA
albatrus. Bering Sea--Canada,
China, Japan, Mexico,
Russia, Taiwan, U.S.A.
(AK, CA, HI, OR, WA).
Alethe, Thyolo...................... Alethe choloensis...... Malawi, Mozambique..... ......do............... E 571 NA NA
Blackbird, yellow-shouldered........ Agelaius xanthomus..... U.S.A. (PR)............ ......do............... E 17 17.95(b) NA
Bobwhite, masked (quail)............ Colinus virginianus U.S.A. (AZ), Mexico ......do............... E 1, 3 NA NA
ridgwayi. (Sonora).
Booby, Abbott's..................... Papasula (=Sula) Indian Ocean--Christmas ......do............... E 15 NA NA
abbotti. Island.
Bristlebird, western................ Dasyornis longirostris Australia.............. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
(=brachypterus l.).
Bristlebird, western rufous......... Dasyornis broadbenti ......do............... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
littoralis.
Bulbul, Mauritius olivaceous........ Hypsipetes borbonicus Indian Ocean--Mauritius ......do............... E 3 NA NA
olivaceus.
Bullfinch, Sao Miguel (finch)....... Pyrrhula pyrrhula Eastern Atlantic Ocean-- ......do............... E 3 NA NA
murina. Azores.
Bush-shrike, Ulugura................ Malaconotus alius...... Tanzania............... ......do............... T 571 NA NA
Bushwren, New Zealand............... Xenicus longipes....... New Zealand............ ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Bustard, great Indian............... Ardeotis (=Choriotis) India, Pakistan........ ......do............... E 3 NA NA
nigriceps.
Cahow............................... Pterodroma cahow....... North Atlantic Ocean-- ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Bermuda.
Caracara, Audubon's crested......... Polyborus plancus U.S.A. (AZ, FL, LA, NM, U.S.A. (FL)............ T 280 NA NA
audubonii. TX) south to Panama;
Cuba.
Condor, Andean...................... Vultur gryphus......... Colombia to Chile and Entire................. E 4 NA NA
Argentina.
Condor, California.................. Gymnogyps californianus U.S.A. (AZ, CA, OR), U.S.A. only, except E 1, 597 17.95(b) NA
Mexico (Baja where listed as an
California). experimental
population below.
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... U.S.A. (specific XN 597 NA 17.84(j)
portions of Arizona,
Nevada, and Utah).
Coot, Hawaiian...................... Fulica americana alai.. U.S.A. (HI)............ Entire................. E 2 NA NA
Cotinga, banded..................... Cotinga maculata....... Brazil................. ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Cotinga, white-winged............... Xipholena atropurpurea. ......do............... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Crane, black-necked................. Grus nigricollis....... China (Tibet).......... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Crane, Cuba sandhill................ Grus canadensis West Indies--Cuba...... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
nesiotes.
Crane, hooded....................... Grus monacha........... Japan, Russia.......... ......do............... E 4 NA NA
Crane, Japanese..................... Grus japonensis........ China, Japan, Korea, ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Russia.
Crane, Mississippi sandhill......... Grus canadensis pulla.. U.S.A. (MS)............ ......do............... E 6 17.95(b) NA
Crane, Siberian white............... Grus leucogeranus...... C.I.S. (Siberia) to ......do............... E 4 NA NA
India, including Iran
and China.
Crane, white-naped.................. Grus vipio............. Mongolia............... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Crane, whooping..................... Grus americana......... Canada, U.S.A. (Rocky Entire, except where E 1, 3 17.95(b) NA
Mountains east to listed as an
Carolinas), Mexico. experimental
population.
[[Page 26]]
Do.................................. ......do............... ......do............... U.S.A. (AL, AR, CO, FL, XN 487, NA 17.84(h)
GA, ID, IL, IN, IA, 621, 710
KY, LA, MI, MN, MS,
MO, NC, NM, OH, SC,
TN, UT, VA, WI, WV,
WY).
Creeper, Hawaii..................... Oreomystis mana........ U.S.A. (HI)............ Entire................. E 10 NA NA
Creeper, Molokai.................... Paroreomyza flammea.... ......do............... ......do............... E 2 NA NA
Creeper, Oahu....................... Paroreomyza maculata... ......do............... ......do............... E 2 NA NA
Crow, Hawaiian...................... Corvus hawaiiensis..... ......do............... ......do............... E 1 NA NA
Crow, Mariana....................... Corvus kubaryi......... Western Pacific Ocean ......do............... E 156 17.95(b) NA
USA (Guam, Rota).
Crow, white-necked.................. Corvus leucognaphalus.. U.S.A. (PR), Dominican ......do............... E 419 NA NA
Republic, Haiti.
Cuckoo-shrike, Mauritius............ Coquus typicus......... Indian Ocean--Mauritius ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Cuckoo-shrike, Reunion.............. Coquus newtoni......... Indian Ocean--Reunion.. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Curassow, razor-billed.............. Mitu mitu mitu......... Brazil (Eastern)....... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Curassow, red-billed................ Crax blumenbachii...... Brazil................. ......do............... E 4 NA NA
Curassow, Trinidad white-headed..... Pipile pipile pipile... West Indies--Trinidad.. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Curlew, Eskimo...................... Numenius borealis...... Alaska and northern ......do............... E 1, 3 NA NA
Canada to Argentina.
Dove, cloven-feathered.............. Drepanoptila Southwest Pacific ......do............... E 3 NA NA
holosericea. Ocean--New Caledonia.
Dove, Grenada gray-fronted.......... Leptotila rufaxilla West Indies--Grenada... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
wellsi.
Duck, Hawaiian...................... Anas wyvilliana........ U.S.A. (HI)............ ......do............... E 1 NA NA
Duck, Laysan........................ Anas laysanensis....... ......do............... ......do............... E 1 NA NA
Duck, pink-headed................... Rhodonessa India.................. ......do............... E 15 NA NA
caryophyllacea.
Duck, white-winged wood............. Cairina scutulata...... India, Malaysia, ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Indonesia, Thailand.
Eagle, bald......................... Haliaeetus North America south to U.S.A., conterminous T 1, 34, NA 17.41(a)
leucocephalus. northern Mexico. (lower 48) States.. 580
Eagle, Greenland white-tailed....... Haliaeetus albicilla Greenland and adjacent Entire................. E 15 NA NA
groenlandicus. Atlantic islands.
Eagle, harpy........................ Harpia harpyja......... Mexico south to ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Argentina.
Eagle, Madagascar sea............... Haliaeetus vociferoides Madagascar............. ......do............... E 571 NA NA
Eagle, Madagascar serpent........... Eutriorchis astur...... ......do............... ......do............... E 571 NA NA
Eagle, Philippine................... Pithecophaga jefferyi.. Philippines............ ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Eagle, Spanish imperial............. Aquila heliaca Spain, Morocco, Algeria ......do............... E 3 NA NA
adalberti.
Egret, Chinese...................... Egretta eulophotes..... China, Korea........... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Eider, spectacled................... Somateria fischeri..... U.S.A. (AK), Russia.... ......do............... T 503 17.95(b) NA
Eider, Steller's.................... Polysticta stelleri.... USA (AK); Russia....... U.S.A. (AK breeding T 616 17.95(b) NA
population only).
Elepaio, Oahu....................... Chasiempis U.S.A. (HI)............ Entire................. E 696 17.95(b) NA
sandwichensis ibidis
(Chasiempis
sandwichensis gayi).
Falcon, Eurasian peregrine.......... Falco peregrinus Europe, Eurasia south ......do............... E 15 NA NA
peregrinus. to Africa and Mideast.
[[Page 27]]
Falcon, northern aplomado........... Falco femoralis U.S.A. (AZ, NM, TX), ......do............... E 216 NA NA
septentrionalis. Mexico, Guatemala.
Finch, Laysan (honeycreeper)........ Telespyza cantans...... U.S.A. (HI)............ ......do............... E 1 NA NA
Finch, Nihoa (honeycreeper)......... Telespyza ultima....... ......do............... ......do............... E 1 NA NA
Flycatcher, Euler's................. Empidonax euleri West Indies--Grenada... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
johnstonei.
Flycatcher, Seychelles paradise..... Terpsiphone corvina.... Indian Ocean-- ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Seychelles.
Flycatcher, southwestern willow..... Empidonax traillii U.S.A. (AZ, CA, CO, NM, ......do............... E 577 17.95(b) NA
extimus. TX, UT), Mexico.
Flycatcher, Tahiti.................. Pomarea nigra.......... South Pacific Ocean-- ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Tahiti.
Fody, Mauritius..................... Foudia rubra........... Indian Ocean--Mauritius ......do............... E 571 NA NA
Fody, Rodrigues..................... Foudia flavicans....... Indian Ocean--Rodrigues ......do............... E 571 NA NA
Island (Mauritius).
Fody, Seychelles (weaver-finch)..... Foudia sechellarum..... Indian Ocean-- ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Seychelles.
Francolin, Djibouti................. Francolinus ochropectus Djibouti............... ......do............... E 571 NA NA
Frigatebird, Andrew's............... Fregata andrewsi....... East Indian Ocean...... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Gnatcatcher, coastal California..... Polioptila californica U.S.A. (CA), Mexico.... ......do............... T 496 17.95(b) 17.41 (b)
californica.
Goose, Hawaiian..................... Branta (=Nesochen) U.S.A. (HI)............ ......do............... E 1 NA NA
sandvicensis.
Goshawk, Christmas Island........... Accipiter fasciatus Indian Ocean--Christmas ......do............... E 3 NA NA
natalis. Island.
Grackle, slender-billed............. Quisicalus palustris... Mexico................. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Grasswren, Eyrean (flycatcher)...... Amytornis goyderi...... Australia.............. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Grebe, Alaotra...................... Tachybaptus Madagascar............. ......do............... E 571 NA NA
rufoflavatus.
Grebe, Atitlan...................... Podilymbus gigas....... Guatemala.............. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Greenshank, Nordmann's.............. Tringa guttifer........ Russia, Japan, south to ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Malaya, Borneo.
Guan, horned........................ Oreophasis derbianus... Guatemala, Mexico...... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Guan, white-winged.................. Penelope albipennis.... Peru................... ......do............... E 401 NA NA
Guineafowl, white-breasted.......... Agelastes meleagrides.. West Africa............ ......do............... T 571 NA NA
Gull, Audouin's..................... Larus audouinii........ Mediterranean Sea...... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Gull, relict........................ Larus relictus......... India, China........... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Hawk, Galapagos..................... Buteo galapagoensis.... Ecuador (Galapagos ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Islands).
Hawk, Hawaiian...................... Buteo solitarius....... U.S.A. (HI)............ ......do............... E 1 NA NA
Hawk, Puerto Rican broad-winged..... Buteo platypterus U.S.A. (PR)............ ......do............... E 550 NA NA
brunnescens.
Hawk, Puerto Rican sharp-shinned.... Accipiter striatus ......do............... ......do............... E 550 NA NA
venator.
Hermit, hook-billed (hummingbird)... Ramphodon (=Glaucis) Brazil................. ......do............... E 15 NA NA
dohrnii.
Honeycreeper, crested............... Palmeria dolei......... U.S.A. (HI)............ ......do............... E 1 NA NA
Honeyeater, helmeted................ Lichenostomus melanops Australia.............. ......do............... E 4 NA NA
cassidix (=Meliphaga
c.).
Hornbill, helmeted.................. Buceros (=Rhinoplax) Thailand, Malaysia..... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
vigil.
Ibis, Japanese crested.............. Nipponia nippon........ China, Japan, Russia, ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Korea.
Ibis, northern bald................. Geronticus eremita..... Southern Europe, ......do............... E 401 NA NA
southwestern Asia,
northern Africa.
Kagu................................ Rhynochetos jubatus.... South Pacific Ocean-- ......do............... E 3 NA NA
New Caledonia.
Kakapo.............................. Strigops habroptilus... New Zealand............ ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Kestrel, Mauritius.................. Falco punctatus........ Indian Ocean--Mauritius ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Kestrel, Seychelles................. Falco araea............ Indian Ocean-- ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Seychelles Islands.
Kingfisher, Guam Micronesian........ Halcyon cinnamomina Western Pacific Ocean ......do............... E 156 17.95(b) NA
cinnamomina. USA (Guam).
Kite, Cuba hook-billed.............. Chondrohierax uncinatus West Indies--Cuba...... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
wilsonii.
[[Page 28]]
Kite, Everglade snail............... Rostrhamus sociabilis U.S.A. (FL), Cuba...... U.S.A. (FL)............ E 1 17.95(b) NA
plumbeus.
Kite, Grenada hook-billed........... Chondrohierax uncinatus West Indies--Grenada... Entire................. E 3 NA NA
mirus.
Kokako (wattlebird)................. Callaeas cinerea....... New Zealand............ ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Lark, Raso.......................... Alauda razae........... Atlantic Ocean--Raso ......do............... E 571 NA NA
Island (Cape Verde).
Macaw, glaucous..................... Anodorhynchus glaucus.. Paraguay, Uruguay, ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Brazil.
Macaw, indigo....................... Anodorhynchus leari.... Brazil................. ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Macaw, little blue.................. Cyanopsitta spixii..... ......do............... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Magpie-robin, Seychelles (thrush)... Copsychus sechellarum.. Indian Ocean-- ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Seychelles Islands.
Malimbe, Ibadan..................... Malimbus ibadanensis... Nigeria................ ......do............... E 571 NA NA
Malkoha, red-faced (cuckoo)......... Phaenicophaeus Sri Lanka (=Ceylon).... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
pyrrhocephalus.
Megapode, Maleo..................... Macrocephalon maleo.... Indonesia (Celebes).... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Megapode, Micronesian (=La Megapodius laperouse... West Pacific Ocean-- ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Perouse's). Palau Islands, U.S.A.
(Mariana Islands).
Millerbird, Nihoa (old world Acrocephalus familiaris U.S.A. (HI)............ ......do............... E 1 NA NA
warbler). kingi.
Moorhen, Hawaiian common............ Gallinula chloropus U.S.A. (HI)............ ......do............... E 1 NA NA
sandvicensis.
Moorhen, Mariana common............. Gallinula chloropus West Pacific Ocean-- ......do............... E 156 NA NA
guami. U.S.A. (Guam, Tinian,
Saipan, Pagan).
Murrelet, marbled................... Brachyramphus U.S.A. (AK, CA, OR, U.S.A. (CA, OR, WA).... T 479 17.95(b) NA
marmoratus marmoratus. WA), Canada (B.C.).
Nightjar, Puerto Rican.............. Caprimulgus noctitherus U.S.A. (PR)............ Entire................. E 6 NA NA
Nukupu`u (honeycreeper)............. Hemignathus lucidus.... U.S.A. (HI)............ ......do............... E 1, 2 NA NA
Nuthatch, Algerian.................. Sitta ledanti.......... Algeria................ ......do............... E 571 NA NA
`O`o, Kauai (honeyeater)............ Moho braccatus......... U.S.A. (HI)............ ......do............... E 1 NA NA
Ostrich, Arabian.................... Struthio camelus Jordan, Saudi Arabia... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
syriacus.
Ostrich, West African............... Struthio camelus spatzi Spanish Sahara......... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
`O`u (honeycreeper)................. Psittirostra psittacea. U.S.A. (HI)............ ......do............... E 1 NA NA
Owl, Anjouan scops.................. Otus rutilus capnodes.. Indian Ocean--Comoro ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Island.
Owl, giant scops.................... Mimizuku (=Otus) Philippines--Marinduque ......do............... E 15 NA NA
gurneyi. and Mindanao Island.
Owl, Madagascar red................. Tyto soumagnei......... Madagascar............. ......do............... E 401 NA NA
Owl, Mexican spotted................ Strix occidentalis U.S.A. (AZ, CO, NM, TX, ......do............... T 494 17.95(b) NA
lucida. UT), Mexico.
Owl, northern spotted............... Strix occidentalis U.S.A. (CA, OR, WA), ......do............... T 393 17.95(b) NA
caurina. Canada (B.C.).
Owl, Seychelles scops............... Otus magicus Indian Ocean-- ......do............... E 3 NA NA
(=insularis) insularis. Seychelles Islands.
Owlet, Morden's..................... Otus ireneae........... Kenya.................. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Oystercatcher, Canarian black....... Haematopus meadewaldoi. Atlantic Ocean--Canary ......do............... E 571 NA NA
Islands.
Palila (honeycreeper)............... Loxioides bailleui..... U.S.A. (HI)............ ......do............... E 1 17.95(b) NA
Parakeet, blue-throated (=ochre- Pyrrhura cruentata..... Brazil................. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
marked).
Parakeet, Forbes'................... Cyanoramphus auriceps New Zealand............ ......do............... E 3 NA NA
forbesi.
Parakeet, golden.................... Aratinga guarouba...... Brazil................. ......do............... E 15 NA NA
[[Page 29]]
Parakeet, golden-shouldered......... Psephotus Australia.............. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
chrysopterygius.
Parakeet, Mauritius................. Psittacula echo........ Indian Ocean--Mauritius ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Parakeet, Norfolk Island............ Cyanoramphus cookii Australia (Norfolk ......do............... E 401 NA NA
(=novaezelandiae c.). Island).
Parakeet, orange-bellied............ Neophema chrysogaster.. Australia.............. ......do............... E 4 NA NA
Parakeet, paradise.................. Psephotus pulcherrimus. ......do............... ......do............... E 4 NA NA
Parakeet, scarlet-chested........... Neophema splendida..... ......do............... ......do............... E 4 NA NA
Parakeet, turquoise................. Neophema pulchella..... ......do............... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Parrot, Bahaman or Cuban............ Amazona leucocephala... West Indies--Cuba, ......do............... E 3, 15 NA NA
Bahamas, Caymans.
Parrot, ground...................... Pezoporus wallicus..... Australia.............. ......do............... E 6 NA NA
Parrot, imperial.................... Amazona imperialis..... West Indies--Dominica.. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Parrot, night (=Australian)......... Geopsittacus Australia.............. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
occidentalis.
Parrot, Puerto Rican................ Amazona vittata........ U.S.A. (PR)............ ......do............... E 1 NA NA
Parrot, red-browed.................. Amazona rhodocorytha... Brazil................. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Parrot, red-capped.................. Pionopsitta pileata.... ......do............... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Parrot, red-necked.................. Amazona arausiaca...... West Indies--Dominica.. ......do............... E 50 NA NA
Parrot, red-spectacled.............. Amazona pretrei pretrei Brazil, Argentina...... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Parrot, red-tailed.................. Amazona brasiliensis... Brazil................. ......do............... E 401 NA NA
Parrot, Seychelles lesser vasa...... Coracopsis nigra Indian Ocean-- ......do............... E 571 NA NA
barklyi. Seychelles (Praslin
Island).
Parrot, St. Vincent................. Amazona guildingii..... West Indies--St. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Vincent.
Parrot, St. Lucia................... Amazona versicolor..... West Indies--St. Lucia. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Parrot, thick-billed................ Rhynchopsitta Mexico, U.S.A. (AZ, NM) Mexico................. E 3 NA NA
pachyrhyncha.
Parrot, vinaceous-breasted.......... Amazona vinacea........ Brazil................. Entire................. E 15 NA NA
Parrotbill, Maui (honeycreeper)..... Pseudonestor U.S.A. (HI)............ ......do............... E 1 NA NA
xanthophrys.
Pelican, brown...................... Pelecanus occidentalis. U.S.A (Carolinas to TX, Entire, except U.S. E 2, 3, NA NA
CA, OR, WA), West Atlantic coast, FL, AL. 171
Indies, coastal
Central and South
America.
Penguin, Galapagos.................. Spheniscus mendiculus.. Ecuador (Galapagos Entire................. E 3 NA NA
Islands).
Petrel, Hawaiian dark-rumped........ Pterodroma phaeopygia U.S.A. (HI)............ ......do............... E 1 NA NA
sandwichensis.
Petrel, Madeira..................... Pterodroma madeira..... Atlantic Ocean--Madeira ......do............... E 571 NA NA
Island.
Petrel, Mascarene black............. Pterodroma aterrima.... Indian Ocean--Mauritius ......do............... E 571 NA NA
(Reunion Island).
Pheasant, bar-tailed................ Syrmaticus humaie...... Burma, China........... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Pheasant, Blyth's tragopan.......... Tragopan blythii....... Burma, China, India.... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Pheasant, brown eared............... Crossoptilon China.................. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
mantchuricum.
Pheasant, Cabot's tragopan.......... Tragopan caboti........ ......do............... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Pheasant, cheer..................... Catreus wallichii...... India, Nepal, Pakistan. ......do............... E 401 NA NA
Pheasant, Chinese monal............. Lophophorus lhuysii.... China.................. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Pheasant, Edward's.................. Lophura edwardsi....... Vietnam................ ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Pheasant, Elliot's.................. Syrmaticus ellioti..... China.................. ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Pheasant, imperial.................. Lophura imperialis..... Vietnam................ ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Pheasant, Mikado.................... Syrmaticus mikado...... Taiwan................. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Pheasant, Palawan peacock........... Polyplectron emphanum.. Philippines............ ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Pheasant, Sclater's monal........... Lophophorus sclateri... Burma, China, India.... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Pheasant, Swinhoe's................. Lophura swinhoii....... Taiwan................. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Pheasant, western tragopan.......... Tragopan melanocephalus India, Pakistan........ ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Pheasant, white eared............... Crossoptilon China (Tibet), India... ......do............... E 4 NA NA
crossoptilon.
[[Page 30]]
Pigeon, Azores wood................. Columba palumbus East Atlantic Ocean-- ......do............... E 3 NA NA
azorica. Azores.
Pigeon, Chatham Island.............. Hemiphaga New Zealand............ ......do............... E 3 NA NA
novaeseelandiae
chathamensis.
Pigeon, Mindoro imperial (=zone- Ducula mindorensis..... Philippines............ ......do............... E 15 NA NA
tailed).
Pigeon, pink........................ Columba mayeri......... Indian Ocean--Mauritius ......do............... E 571 NA NA
Pigeon, Puerto Rican plain.......... Columba inornata U.S.A. (PR)............ ......do............... E 2 NA NA
wetmorei.
Pigeon, white-tailed laurel......... Columba junoniae....... Atlantic Ocean--Canary ......do............... T 571 NA NA
Islands.
Piping-guan, black-fronted.......... Pipile jacutinga....... Argentina.............. ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Pitta, Koch's....................... Pitta kochi............ Philippines............ ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Plover, New Zealand shore........... Thinornis New Zealand............ ......do............... E 3 NA NA
novaeseelandiae.
Plover, piping...................... Charadrius melodus..... U.S.A. (Great Lakes, Great Lakes, watershed E 211 17.95(b) NA
northern Great Plains, in States of IL, IN,
Atlantic and Gulf MI, MN, NY, OH, PA,
Coasts, PR, VI) and WI and Canada
Canada, Mexico, (Ont.).
Bahamas, West Indies.
Plover, piping...................... Charadrius melodus..... U.S.A. (Great Lakes, Northern Great Plains T 211 17.95(b) NA
northern Great Plains, in States of MN, MT,
Atlantic and Gulf ND, NE, and SD.
Coasts, PR, VI)
Canada, Mexico,
Bahamas, West Indies.
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... Entire, except those T 211 NA NA
areas where listed as
endangered above.
Plover, western snowy............... Charadrius alexandrinus U.S.A. (AZ, CA, CO, KS, U.S.A. (CA, OR, WA), T 493 17.95(b) NA
nivosus. NM, NV, OK, OR, TX, Mexico (within 50
UT, WA), Mexico. miles of Pacific
coast).
Pochard, Madagascar................. Aythya innotata........ Madagascar............. Entire................. E 571 NA NA
Po`ouli (honeycreeper).............. Melamprosops phaeosoma. U.S.A. (HI)............ ......do............... E 10 NA NA
Prairie-chicken, Attwater's greater. Tympanuchus cupido U.S.A. (TX)............ ......do............... E 1 NA NA
attwateri.
Pygmy-owl, cactus ferruginous....... Glaucidium brasilianum U.S.A. (AZ, TX), Mexico U.S.A. (AZ)............ E 610 17.95(b) NA
cactorum.
Quail, Merriam's Montezuma.......... Cyrtonyx montezumae Mexico (Vera Cruz)..... Entire................. E 15 NA NA
merriami.
Quetzel, resplendent................ Pharomachrus mocinno... Mexico to Panama....... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Rail, Aukland Island................ Rallus pectoralis New Zealand............ ......do............... E 3 NA NA
muelleri.
Rail, California clapper............ Rallus longirostris U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... E 2 NA NA
obsoletus.
Rail, Guam.......................... Rallus owstoni......... Western Pacific Ocean-- Entire, except Rota.... E 146E, NA NA
U.S.A. (Guam). 156, 371
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... Rota................... XN 371 NA 17.84(f)
Rail, light-footed clapper.......... Rallus longirostris U.S.A. (CA), Mexico U.S.A. only............ E 2 NA NA
levipes. (Baja California).
Rail, Lord Howe wood................ Gallirallus Australia (Lord Howe Entire................. E 15 NA NA
(=Tricholimnas) Island).
sylvestris.
Rail, Yuma clapper.................. Rallus longirostris Mexico, U.S.A. (AZ, CA) U.S.A. only............ E 1 NA NA
yumanensis.
Rhea, lesser (incl. Darwin's)....... Rhea (=Pterocnemia) Argentina, Bolivia, Entire................. E 3 NA NA
pennata. Peru, Uruguay.
Robin, Chatham Island............... Petroica traversi...... New Zealand............ ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Robin, dappled mountain............. Arcanator orostruthus.. Mozambique, Tanzania... ......do............... T 571 NA NA
Robin, scarlet-breasted (flycatcher) Petroica multicolor Australia (Norfolk ......do............... E 3 NA NA
multicolor. Island).
Rockfowl, grey-necked............... Picathartes oreas...... Cameroon, Gabon........ ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Rockfowl, white-necked.............. Picathartes Africa--Togo to Sierra ......do............... E 3 NA NA
gymnocephalus. Leone.
[[Page 31]]
Roller, long-tailed ground.......... Uratelornis chimaera... Malagasy Republic ......do............... E 3 NA NA
(=Madagascar).
Scrub-bird, noisy................... Atrichornis clamosus... Australia.............. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Scrub-jay, Florida.................. Aphelocoma coerulescens U.S.A. (FL)............ ......do............... T 267 NA NA
Shama, Cebu black (thrush).......... Copsychus niger Philippines............ ......do............... E 3 NA NA
cebuensis.
Shearwater, Newell's Townsend's..... Puffinus auricularis U.S.A. (HI)............ ......do............... T 10 NA NA
newelli.
Shrike, San Clemente loggerhead..... Lanius ludovicianus U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... E 26 NA NA
mearnsi.
Siskin, red......................... Carduelis cucullata.... South America.......... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Sparrow, Cape Sable seaside......... Ammodramus maritimus U.S.A. (FL)............ ......do............... E 1 17.95(b) NA
mirabilis.
Sparrow, Florida grasshopper........ Ammodramus savannarum ......do............... ......do............... E 239 NA NA
floridanus.
Sparrow, San Clemente sage.......... Amphispiza belli U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... T 26 NA NA
clementeae.
Sparrowhawk, Anjouan Island......... Accipiter francesii Indian Ocean--Comoro ......do............... E 3 NA NA
pusillus. Islands.
Starling, Ponape mountain........... Aplonis pelzelni....... West Pacific Ocean-- ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Federated States of
Micronesia.
Starling, Rothschild's (myna)....... Leucopsar rothschildi.. Indonesia (Bali)....... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Stilt, Hawaiian..................... Himantopus mexicanus U.S.A. (HI)............ ......do............... E 2 NA NA
(=himantopus) knudseni.
Stork, oriental white............... Ciconia boyciana China, Japan, Korea, ......do............... E 3 NA NA
(=ciconia b.). Russia.
Stork, wood......................... Mycteria americana..... U.S.A., (CA, AZ, TX, to U.S.A. (AL, FL, GA, SC) E 142 NA NA
Carolinas), Mexico, C.
and S. America.
Sunbird, Marungu.................... Nectarinia prigoginei.. Zaire.................. Entire................. E 571 NA NA
Swiftlet, Mariana gray.............. Aerodramus vanikorensis Western Pacific Ocean-- ......do............... E 156 NA NA
bartschi. U.S.A. (Guam, Rota,
Tinian, Saipan,
Agiguan).
Teal, Campbell Island flightless.... Anas aucklandica New Zealand (Campbell ......do............... E 15 NA NA
nesiotis. Island).
Tern, California least.............. Sterna antillarum Mexico, U.S.A. (CA).... ......do............... E 2, 3 NA NA
browni.
Tern, least......................... Sterna antillarum...... U.S.A. (Atlantic and U.S.A. (AR, CO, IA, IL, E 182 NA NA
Gulf coasts, Miss. R. IN, KS, KY, LA--Miss.
Basin, CA), Greater R. and tribs. N of
and Lesser Antilles, Baton Rouge, MS--Miss.
Bahamas, Mexico; R., MO, MT, ND, NE,
winters Central NM, OK, SD, TN, TX--
America, northern except within 50 miles
South America. of coast).
Tern, roseate....................... Sterna dougallii Tropical and temperate U.S.A. (Atlantic Coast E 296 NA NA
dougallii. coasts of Atlantic south to NC), Canada
Basin and East Africa. (Newf., N.S, Que.),
Bermuda.
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... Western Hemisphere and T 296 NA NA
adjacent oceans, incl.
U.S.A. (FL, PR, VI),
where not listed as
endangered.
Thrasher, white-breasted............ Ramphocinclus West Indies--St. Lucia, Entire................. E 3 NA NA
brachyurus. Martinique.
Thrush, large Kauai................. Myadestes myadestinus.. U.S.A. (HI)............ ......do............... E 2 NA NA
Thrush, Molokai..................... Myadestes lanaiensis ......do............... ......do............... E 2 NA NA
rutha.
Thrush, New Zealand (wattlebird).... Turnagra capensis...... New Zealand............ ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Thrush, small Kauai................. Myadestes palmeri...... U.S.A. (HI)............ ......do............... E 1 NA NA
Thrush, Taita....................... Turdus olivaceous Kenya.................. ......do............... E 571 NA NA
helleri.
Tinamou, solitary................... Tinamus solitarius..... Brazil, Paraguay, ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Argentina.
Towhee, Inyo California............. Pipilo crissalis U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... T 282 17.95(b) NA
eremophilus.
[[Page 32]]
Trembler, Martinique (thrasher)..... Cinclocerthia ruficauda West Indies--Martinique ......do............... E 3 NA NA
gutturalis.
Turaco, Bannerman's................. Tauraco bannermani..... Cameroon............... ......do............... E 571 NA NA
Turtle-dove, Seychelles............. Streptopelia picturata Indian Ocean-- ......do............... E 571 NA NA
rostrata. Seychelles.
Vanga, Pollen's..................... Xenopirostris polleni.. Madagascar............. ......do............... T 571 NA NA
Vanga, Van Dam's.................... Xenopirostris damii.... ......do............... ......do............... T 571 NA NA
Vireo, black-capped................. Vireo atricapillus..... U.S.A. (KS, LA, NE, OK, ......do............... E 294 NA NA
TX), Mexico..
Vireo, least Bell's................. Vireo bellii pusillus.. U.S.A. (CA), Mexico.... ......do............... E 228 17.95(b) NA
Wanderer, plain (collared-hemipode). Pedionomous torquatus.. Australia.............. ......do............... E 6 NA NA
Warbler, Aldabra (old world warbler) Nesillas aldabranus.... Indian Ocean-- ......do............... E 571 NA NA
Seychelles (Aldabra
Island).
Warbler (wood), Bachman's........... Vermivora bachmanii.... U.S.A. (Southeastern), ......do............... E 1, 3 NA NA
Cuba.
Warbler (wood), Barbados yellow..... Dendroica petechia West Indies--Barbados.. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
petechia.
Warbler (wood), golden-cheeked...... Dendroica chrysoparia.. U.S.A. (TX), Mexico, ......do............... E 387E, NA NA
Guatemala, Honduras, 411
Nicaragua, Belize.
Warbler (wood), Kirtland's.......... Dendroica kirtlandii... U.S.A. (principally ......do............... E 1, 3 NA NA
MI), Canada, West
Indies--Bahama Islands.
Warbler, nightingale reed, (old Acrocephalus luscinia.. West Pacific Ocean-- ......do............... E 3, 4 NA NA
world warbler). U.S.A. (Guam,
Alamagan, Saipan).
Warbler, Rodrigues (old world Bebrornis rodericanus.. Mauritius (Rodrigues ......do............... E 3 NA NA
warbler). Islands).
Warbler (wood), Semper's............ Leucopeza semperi...... West Indies--St. Lucia. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Warbler, Seychelles (old world Bebrornis sechellensis. Indian Ocean-- ......do............... E 3 NA NA
warbler). Seychelles Island.
Wattle-eye, banded.................. Platysteira laticincta. Cameroon............... ......do............... E 571 NA NA
Weaver, Clarke's.................... Ploceus golandi........ Kenya.................. ......do............... E 571 NA NA
Whipbird, western................... Psophodes nigrogularis. Australia.............. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
White-eye, bridled.................. Zosterops Western Pacific Ocean-- ......do............... E 156 NA NA
conspicillatus U.S.A. (Guam).
conspicillatus.
White-eye, Norfolk Island........... Zosterops albogularis.. Indian Ocean--Norfolk ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Islands.
White-eye, Ponape greater........... Rukia longirostra...... West Pacific Ocean-- ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Federated States of
Micronesia.
White-eye, Rota bridled............. Zosterops rotensis..... Western Pacific Ocean- ......do............... E 741 NA NA
U.S.A. (Commonwealth
of the Northern
Mariana Islands).
White-eye, Seychelles............... Zosterops modesta...... Indian Ocean-- ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Seychelles.
Woodpecker, imperial................ Campephilus imperialis. Mexico................. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Woodpecker, ivory-billed............ Campephilus principalis U.S.A. (southcentral ......do............... E 1, 3 NA NA
and southeastern),
Cuba.
Woodpecker, red-cockaded............ Picoides borealis...... U.S.A. (southcentral ......do............... E 2 NA NA
and southeastern).
Woodpecker, Tristam's............... Dryocopus javensis Korea.................. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
richardsi.
Wren, Guadeloupe house.............. Troglodytes aedon West Indies--Guadeloupe ......do............... E 3 NA NA
guadeloupensis.
Wren, St. Lucia house............... Troglodytes aedon West Indies--St. Lucia. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
mesoleucus.
[[Page 33]]
Reptiles
Alligator, American................. Alligator Southeastern U.S.A..... ......do............... T(S/A) 1, 11, NA 17.42(a)
mississippiensis. 20, 51,
60, 113,
134,
186, 269
Alligator, Chinese.................. Alligator sinensis..... China.................. ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Anole, Culebra Island giant......... Anolis roosevelti...... U.S.A. (PR--Culebra ......do............... E 25 17.95(c) NA
Island).
Boa, Jamaican....................... Epicrates subflavus.... Jamaica................ ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Boa, Mona........................... Epicrates monensis U.S.A. (PR)............ ......do............... T 33 17.95(c) NA
monensis.
Boa, Puerto Rican................... Epicrates inornatus.... ......do............... ......do............... E 2 NA NA
Boa, Round Island [unnamed]......... Bolyeria multocarinata. Indian Ocean--Mauritius ......do............... E 88 NA NA
Do................................. Casarea dussumieri..... ......do............... ......do............... E 88 NA NA
Boa, Virgin Islands tree............ Epicrates monensis U.S.A. (PR), British ......do............... E 2, 86 NA NA
granti. Virgin Islands.
Caiman, Apaporis River.............. Caiman crocodilus Colombia............... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
apaporiensis.
Caiman, black....................... Melanosuchus niger..... Amazon basin........... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Caiman, broad-snouted............... Caiman latirostris..... Brazil, Argentina, ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Paraguay, Uruguay.
Caiman, brown....................... Caiman crocodilus Mexico, Central ......do............... T(S/A) 695 NA 17.42(g)
fuscus (includes America, Colombia,
Caiman crocodilus Ecuador, Venezuela,
chiapasius). Peru.
Caiman, common...................... Caiman crocodilus Brazil, Colombia, ......do............... T(S/A) 695 NA 17.42(g)
crocodilus. Ecuador, French
Guiana, Guyana,
Suriname, Venezuela,
Bolivia, Peru.
Caiman, yacare...................... Caiman yacare.......... Argentina, Bolivia, ......do............... T 3, 695 NA 17.42(g)
Brazil, Paraguay.
Chuckwalla, San Esteban Island...... Sauromalus varius...... Mexico................. ......do............... E 88 NA NA
Crocodile, African dwarf............ Osteolaemus tetraspis West Africa............ ......do............... E 15, 15A NA NA
tetraspis.
Crocodile, African slender-snouted.. Crocodylus cataphractus Western and central ......do............... E 5 NA NA
Africa.
Crocodile, American................. Crocodylus acutus...... U.S.A. (FL), Mexico, ......do............... E 10, 87 17.95(c) NA
Caribbean, Central and
South America.
Crocodile, Ceylon mugger............ Crocodylus palustris Sri Lanka.............. ......do............... E 15 NA NA
kimbula.
Crocodile, Congo dwarf.............. Osteolaemus tetraspis Congo R. drainage...... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
osborni.
Crocodile, Cuban.................... Crocodylus rhombifer... Cuba................... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Crocodile, Morelet's................ Crocodylus moreletii... Mexico, Belize, ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Guatemala.
Crocodile, mugger................... Crocodylus palustris India, Pakistan, Iran, ......do............... E 15 NA NA
palustris. Bangladesh.
Crocodile, Nile..................... Crocodylus niloticus... Africa, Middle East.... ......do............... T 3, 279, NA 17.42(c)
334,
514, 585
Crocodile, Orinoco.................. Crocodylus intermedius. South America--Orinoco ......do............... E 3 NA NA
R. basin.
Crocodile, Philippine............... Crocodylus novaeguineae Philippine Islands..... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
mindorensis.
Crocodile, saltwater................ Crocodylus porosus..... Southeast Asia, Entire, except Papua E 87, 585 NA NA
Australia, Papua New New Guinea and
Guinea, Islands of the Australia.
West Pacific Ocean.
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... Australia.............. T 87, 585 NA 17.42(c)
Crocodile, Siamese.................. Crocodylus siamensis... Southeast Asia, Malay Entire................. E 15 NA NA
Peninsula.
[[Page 34]]
Gavial.............................. Gavialis gangeticus.... Pakistan, Burma, ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Bangladesh, India,
Nepal.
Gecko, day.......................... Phelsuma edwardnewtoni. Indian Ocean--Mauritius ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Gecko, Monito....................... Sphaerodactylus U.S.A. (PR)............ ......do............... E 125 17.95(c) NA
micropithecus.
Gecko, Round Island day............. Phelsuma guentheri..... Indian Ocean--Mauritius ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Gecko, Serpent Island............... Cyrtodactylus ......do............... ......do............... T 129 NA NA
serpensinsula.
Iguana, Acklins ground.............. Cyclura rileyi nuchalis West Indies--Bahamas... ......do............... T 129 NA NA
Iguana, Allen's Cay................. Cyclura cychlura ......do............... ......do............... T 129 NA NA
inornata.
Iguana, Andros Island ground........ Cyclura cychlura ......do............... ......do............... T 129 NA NA
cychlura.
Iguana, Anegada ground.............. Cyclura pinguis........ West Indies--British ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Virgin Islands
(Anegada Island).
Iguana, Barrington land............. Conolophus pallidus.... Ecuador (Galapagos ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Islands).
Iguana, Cayman Brac ground.......... Cyclura nubila West Indies--Cayman ......do............... T 129 NA NA
caymanensis. Islands.
Iguana, Cuban ground................ Cyclura nubila nubila.. Cuba................... ......do............... T 129 NA NA
Iguana, Exuma Island................ Cyclura cychlura West Indies--Bahamas... ......do............... T 129 NA NA
figginsi.
Iguana, Fiji banded................. Brachylophus fasciatus. Pacific--Fiji, Tonga... ......do............... E 88 NA NA
Iguana, Fiji crested................ Brachylophus vitiensis. Pacific--Fiji.......... ......do............... E 88 NA NA
Iguana, Grand Cayman ground......... Cyclura nubila lewisi.. West Indies--Cayman ......do............... E 129 NA NA
Islands.
Iguana, Jamaican.................... Cyclura collei......... West Indies--Jamaica... ......do............... E 129 NA NA
Iguana, Mayaguana................... Cyclura carinata West Indies--Bahamas... ......do............... T 129 NA NA
bartschi.
Iguana, Mona ground................. Cyclura stejnegeri..... U.S.A. (PR--Mona ......do............... T 33 17.95(c) NA
Island).
Iguana, Turks and Caicos............ Cyclura carinata West Indies--Turks and ......do............... T 129 NA NA
carinata. Caicos Islands.
Iguana, Watling Island ground....... Cyclura rileyi rileyi.. West Indies--Bahamas... ......do............... E 129 NA NA
Iguana, White Cay ground............ Cyclura rileyi cristata ......do............... ......do............... T 129 NA NA
Lizard, blunt-nosed leopard......... Gambelia silus......... U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... E 1 NA NA
Lizard, Coachella Valley fringe-toed Uma inornata........... ......do............... ......do............... T 105 17.95(c) NA
Lizard, Hierro giant................ Gallotia simonyi Spain (Canary Islands). ......do............... E 144 NA NA
simonyi.
Lizard, Ibiza wall.................. Podarcis pityusensis... Spain (Balearic ......do............... T 144 NA NA
Islands).
Lizard, Island night................ Xantusia riversiana.... U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... T 26 NA NA
Lizard, Maria Island ground......... Cnemidophorus vanzoi... West Indies--St. Lucia ......do............... E 443 NA NA
(Maria Islands).
Lizard, St. Croix ground............ Ameiva polops.......... U.S.A. (VI)............ ......do............... E 24 17.95(c) NA
Monitor, desert..................... Varanus griseus........ North Africa to Aral ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Sea, through Central
Asia to Pakistan,
Northwest India.
Monitor, Indian (=Bengal)........... Varanus bengalensis.... Iran, Iraq, India, Sri ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Lanka, Malaysia,
Afghanistan, Burma,
Vietnam, Thailand.
Monitor, Komodo Island.............. Varanus komodoensis.... Indonesia (Komodo, ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Rintja, Padar, and
western Flores Island).
Monitor, yellow..................... Varanus flavescens..... West Pakistan through ......do............... E 15 NA NA
India to Bangladesh.
Python, Indian...................... Python molurus molurus. Sri Lanka and India.... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
[[Page 35]]
Rattlesnake, Aruba Island........... Crotalus unicolor...... Aruba Island ......do............... T 129 NA NA
(Netherland Antilles).
Rattlesnake, New Mexican ridge-nosed Crotalus willardi U.S.A. (AZ, NM), Mexico ......do............... T 43 17.95(c) NA
obscurus.
Sea turtle, green................... Chelonia mydas......... Circumglobal in Breeding colony E 42 NA 224.104
tropical and temperate populations in FL and
seas and oceans. on Pacific coast of
Mexico.
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... Wherever found except T 42 226.208 17.42(b),
where listed as 223.205,
endangered. 223.206,
223.207
Sea turtle, hawksbill............... Eretmochelys imbricata. Tropical seas.......... Entire................. E 3 17.95(c), 224.104
226.209
Sea turtle, Kemp's ridley........... Lepidochelys kempii.... Tropical and temperate ......do............... E 4 NA 224.104
seas in Atlantic
Basin, incl. Gulf of
Mexico.
Sea turtle, leatherback............. Dermochelys coriacea... Tropical, temperate, ......do............... E 3 17.95(c), 224.104
and subpolar seas. 226.207
Sea turtle, loggerhead.............. Caretta caretta........ Circumglobal in ......do............... T 42 NA 17.42(b),
tropical and temperate 223.205,
seas and oceans. 223.206,
223.207
Sea turtle, olive ridley............ Lepidochelys olivacea.. Circumglobal in Wherever found except T 42 NA 17.42(b),
tropical and temperate where listed as 223.205,
seas. endangered below. 223.206,
223.207
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... Breeding colony E 42 NA 224.104
populations on Pacific
coast of Mexico.
Skink, bluetail mole................ Eumeces egregius U.S.A. (FL)............ Entire................. T 299 NA 17.42(d)
lividus.
Skink, Round Island................. Leiolopisma telfairi... Indian Ocean--Mauritius ......do............... T 129 NA NA
Skink, sand......................... Neoseps reynoldsi...... U.S.A. (FL)............ ......do............... T 299 NA 17.42(d)
Snake, Atlantic salt marsh.......... Nerodia clarkii ......do............... ......do............... T 30 NA NA
taeniata.
Snake, Concho water................. Nerodia paucimaculata.. U.S.A. (TX)............ ......do............... T 241 17.95(c) NA
Snake, copperbelly water............ Nerodia erythrogaster U.S.A. (IL, IN, KY, MI, IN north of 40[deg] N. T 607 NA NA
neglecta. OH). Lat., MI, OH.
Snake, eastern indigo............... Drymarchon corais U.S.A. (AL, FL, GA, MS, Entire................. T 32 NA NA
couperi. SC).
Snake, giant garter................. Thamnophis gigas....... U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... T 522 NA NA
Snake, Lake Erie water.............. Nerodia sipedon U.S.A. (OH), Canada Lake Erie offshore T 665 NA NA
insularum. (Ont.). islands and their
adjacent waters
(located more than 1
mile from mainland)--
U.S.A. (OH), Canada
(Ont.).
Snake, Maria Island................. Liophus ornatus........ West Indies--St. Lucia Entire................. E 443 NA NA
(Maria Islands).
Snake, San Francisco garter......... Thamnophis sirtalis U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... E 1 NA NA
tetrataenia.
Tartaruga........................... Podocnemis expansa..... South America--Orinoco ......do............... E 3 NA NA
R. and Amazon R.
basins.
Terrapin, river..................... Batagur baska.......... Malaysia, Bangladesh, ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Burma, India,
Indonesia.
Tomistoma........................... Tomistoma schlegelii... Malaysia, Indonesia.... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
[[Page 36]]
Tortoise, angulated................. Geochelone yniphora.... Malagasy Republic ......do............... E 15 NA NA
(=Madagascar).
Tortoise, Bolson.................... Gopherus Mexico................. ......do............... E 46 NA NA
flavomarginatus.
Tortoise, desert.................... Gopherus agassizii..... U.S.A. (AZ, CA, NV, Entire, except AZ south T 103, 17.95(c) NA
UT), Mexico. and east of Colorado 357E,
R., and Mexico. 378
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... AZ south and east of T(S/A) 378 NA 17.42(e)
Colorado R., and
Mexico, when found
outside of Mexico or
said range in AZ.
Tortoise, Galapagos................. Geochelone nigra Ecuador (Galapagos Entire................. E 3 NA NA
(=elephantopus). Islands).
Tortoise, gopher.................... Gopherus polyphemus.... U.S.A. (AL, FL, GA, LA, Wherever found west of T 281 NA NA
MS, SC). Mobile and Tombigbee
Rivers in AL, MS, and
LA.
Tortoise, Madagascar radiated....... Geochelone radiata..... Malagasy Republic Entire................. E 3 NA NA
(=Madagascar).
Tracaja............................. Podocnemis unifilis.... South America--Orinoco ......do............... E 3 NA NA
R. and Amazon R.
basins.
Tuatara............................. Sphenodon punctatus.... New Zealand............ ......do............... E 3, 630 NA NA
Tuatara, Brother's Island........... Sphenodon guntheri..... New Zealand (N. ......do............... E 3, 630 NA NA
Brother's Island).
Turtle, Alabama redbelly............ Pseudemys alabamensis.. U.S.A. (AL)............ ......do............... E 278 NA NA
Turtle, aquatic box................. Terrapene coahuila..... Mexico................. ......do............... E 6 NA NA
Turtle, black softshell............. Trionyx nigricans...... Bangladesh............. ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Turtle, bog (=Muhlenberg)........... Clemmys muhlenbergii... U.S.A. (CT, DE, GA, MA, Entire, except GA, NC, T 626 NA NA
MD, NC, NJ, NY, PA, SC, TN, VA.
SC, TN, VA).
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... U.S.A. (GA, NC, SC, TN, T(S/A) 626 NA 17.42(f)
VA).
Turtle, Brazilian sideneck.......... Phrynops hogei......... Brazil................. Entire................. E 443 NA NA
Turtle, Burmese peacock............. Morenia ocellata....... Burma.................. ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Turtle, Cat Island.................. Trachemys terrapen..... West Indies--Jamaica, Cat Island in the E 443 NA NA
Bahamas. Bahamas.
Turtle, Central American river...... Dermatemys mawii....... Mexico, Belize, Entire................. E 129 NA NA
Guatemala.
Turtle, Cuatro Cienegas softshell... Trionyx ater........... Mexico................. ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Turtle, flattened musk.............. Sternotherus depressus. U.S.A. (AL)............ Black Warrior R. system T 272 NA NA
upstream from Bankhead
Dam.
Turtle, geometric................... Psammobates geometricus South Africa........... Entire................. E 15 NA NA
Turtle, Inagua Island............... Trachemys stejnegeri West Indies--Bahamas ......do............... E 443 NA NA
malonei. (Great Inagua Island).
Turtle, Indian sawback.............. Kachuga tecta tecta.... India.................. ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Turtle, Indian softshell............ Trionyx gangeticus..... Pakistan, India........ ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Turtle, peacock softshell........... Trionyx hurum.......... India, Bangladesh...... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Turtle, Plymouth redbelly........... Pseudemys rubriventris U.S.A. (MA)............ ......do............... E 90 17.95(c) NA
bangsi.
Turtle, ringed map.................. Graptemys oculifera.... U.S.A. (LA, MS)........ ......do............... T 250 NA NA
Turtle, short-necked or western Pseudemydura umbrina... Australia.............. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
swamp.
Turtle, South American red-lined.... Trachemys scripta Colombia, Venezuela.... ......do............... E 443 NA NA
callirostris.
[[Page 37]]
Turtle, spotted pond................ Geoclemys hamiltonii... North India, Pakistan.. ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Turtle, three-keeled Asian.......... Melanochelys Central India to ......do............... E 15 NA NA
tricarinata. Bangladesh and Burma.
Turtle, yellow-blotched map......... Graptemys flavimaculata U.S.A. (MS)............ ......do............... T 416 NA NA
Viper, Lar Valley................... Vipera latifii......... Iran................... ......do............... E 129 NA NA
Whipsnake, Alameda (=striped racer). Masticophis lateralis U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... T 628 17.95(c) NA
euryxanthus.
Amphibians
Coqui, golden....................... Eleutherodactylus U.S.A. (PR)............ ......do............... T 29 17.95(d) NA
jasperi.
Frog , California red-legged........ Rana aurora draytonii.. U.S.A. (CA), Mexico.... Entire (excluding Del T 583 17.95(d) NA
Norte, Humboldt,
Trinity, & Mendocino
Cos., CA; Glenn, Lake,
and Sonoma Cos., CA,
west of the Central
Valley Hydrologic
Basin; Sonoma & Marin
Cos., CA, west & North
of San Francisco Bay
drainages and Walker
Creek drainage; and
NV).
Frog, Chiricahua leopard............ Rana chiricahuensis.... U.S.A. (AZ, NM), Mexico Entire................. T 726 NA Sec.
17.43(b)
Frog, Goliath....................... Conraua goliath........ Cameroon, Equatorial ......do............... T 566 NA NA
Guinea, Gabon.
Frog, Israel painted................ Discoglossus Israel................. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
nigriventer.
Frog, Mississippi gopher............ Rana capitol sevosa.... U.S.A. (AL, FL, LA, MS) Wherever found west of E 718 NA NA
Mobile and Tombigbee
Rivers in Al, MS, and
LA.
Frog, mountain yellow-legged Rana muscosa........... U.S.A. (California, U.S.A., southern E 728 NA NA
(southern California DPS). Nevada). California.
Frog, Panamanian golden............. Atelopus varius zeteki. Panama................. Entire................. E 15 NA NA
Frog, Stephen Island................ Leiopelma hamiltoni.... New Zealand............ ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Guaj[oacute]n....................... Eleutherodactylus cooki U.S.A. (PR)............ ......do............... T 617 NA NA
Salamander, Barton Springs.......... Eurycea sosorum........ U.S.A. (TX)............ ......do............... E 612 NA NA
Salamander, California tiger........ Ambystoma californiense U.S.A. (CA)............ U.S.A. (CA--California) T 667E, 17.95(d) 17.43(c)
702, 744
Salamander, Cheat Mountain.......... Plethodon nettingi..... U.S.A. (WV)............ Entire................. T 358 NA NA
Salamander, Chinese giant........... Andrias davidianus Western China.......... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
(=davidianus d.).
Salamander, desert slender.......... Batrachoseps aridus.... U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... E 6 NA NA
Salamander, flatwoods............... Ambystoma cingulatum... U.S.A. (AL, FL, GA, SC) ......do............... T 658 NA NA
Salamander, Japanese giant.......... Andrias japonicus Japan.................. ......do............... E 15 NA NA
(=davidianus j.).
Salamander, Red Hills............... Phaeognathus hubrichti. U.S.A. (AL)............ ......do............... T 19 NA NA
Salamander, San Marcos.............. Eurycea nana........... U.S.A. (TX)............ ......do............... T 98 17.95(d) 17.43(a)
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed.... Ambystoma macrodactylum U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... E 1 NA NA
croceum.
Salamander, Shenandoah.............. Plethodon shenandoah... U.S.A. (VA)............ ......do............... E 358 NA NA
Salamander, Sonoran tiger........... Ambystoma tigrinum U.S.A. (AZ), Mexico.... ......do............... E 600 NA NA
stebbinsi.
Salamander, Texas blind............. Typhlomolge rathbuni... U.S.A. (TX)............ ......do............... E 1 NA NA
Toad, arroyo (=arroyo southwestern). Bufo californicus...... U.S.A. (CA), Mexico.... ......do............... E 568 17.95(d) NA
[[Page 38]]
Toad, Cameroon...................... Bufo superciliaris..... Equatorial Africa...... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Toad, Houston....................... Bufo houstonensis...... U.S.A. (TX)............ ......do............... E 2 17.95(d) NA
Toad, Monte Verde golden............ Bufo periglenes........ Costa Rica............. ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Toad, Puerto Rican crested.......... Peltophryne lemur...... U.S.A. (PR), British ......do............... T 283 NA NA
Virgin Islands.
Toad, Wyoming....................... Bufo hemiophrys baxteri U.S.A. (WY)............ ......do............... E 138 NA NA
Toads, African viviparous........... Nectophrynoides spp.... Tanzania, Guinea, Ivory ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Coast, Cameroon,
Liberia, Ethiopia.
Fishes
Ala Balik (trout)................... Salmo platycephalus.... Turkey................. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Ayumodoki (loach)................... Hymenophysa curta...... Japan.................. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Blindcat, Mexican (catfish)......... Prietella phreatophila. Mexico................. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Bonytongue, Asian................... Scleropages formosus... Thailand, Indonesia, ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Malaysia.
Catfish............................. Pangasius sanitwongsei. Thailand............... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Catfish, Thailand giant............. Pangasianodon gigas.... ......do............... ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Catfish, Yaqui...................... Ictalurus pricei....... U.S.A. (AZ), Mexico.... ......do............... T 157 17.95(e) 17.44(h)
Cavefish, Alabama................... Speoplatyrhinus U.S.A. (AL)............ ......do............... E 28, 328 17.95(e) NA
poulsoni.
Cavefish, Ozark..................... Amblyopsis rosae....... U.S.A. (AR, MO, OK).... ......do............... T 164 NA NA
Chub, bonytail...................... Gila elegans........... U.S.A. (AZ, CA, CO, NV, ......do............... E 92 17.95(e) NA
UT, WY).
Chub, Borax Lake.................... Gila boraxobius........ U.S.A. (OR)............ ......do............... E 94E, 124 17.95(e) NA
Chub, Chihuahua..................... Gila nigrescens........ U.S.A. (NM), Mexico ......do............... T 132 NA 17.44(g)
(Chihuahua).
Chub, humpback...................... Gila cypha............. U.S.A. (AZ, CO, UT, WY) ......do............... E 1 17.95(e) NA
Chub, Hutton tui.................... Gila bicolor ssp....... U.S.A. (OR)............ ......do............... T 174 NA 17.44(j)
Chub, Mohave tui.................... Gila bicolor mohavensis U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... E 2 NA NA
Chub, Oregon........................ Oregonichthys crameri.. U.S.A. (OR)............ ......do............... E 520 NA NA
Chub, Owens tui..................... Gila bicolor snyderi... U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... E 195 17.95(e) NA
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail.......... Gila robusta jordani... U.S.A. (NV)............ ......do............... E 2 NA NA
Chub, slender....................... Erimystax cahni........ U.S.A. (TN, VA)........ ......do............... T 28 17.95(e) 17.44(c)
Chub, Sonora........................ Gila ditaenia.......... U.S.A. (AZ), Mexico.... ......do............... T 227 17.95(e) 17.44(o)
Chub, spotfin (=turquoise shiner)... Erimonax monachus...... U.S.A. (AL, GA, NC, TN, Entire, except where T 28, 732 17.95(e) 17.44(c)
VA). listed as an
experimental
population.
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... Tellico River, from the XN 732 NA 17.84(m)
backwaters of the
Tellico Reservoir
(about Tellico River
mile 19 (30 km))
upstream to Tellico
River mile 33 (53 km),
in Monroe County, TN.
[[Page 39]]
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... Shoal Creek (from Shoal XN 747 NA 17.84(o)
Creek mile 41.7 (66.7
km)) at the mouth of
Long Branch, Lawrence
County, TN, downstream
to the backwaters of
Wilson Reservoir
(Shoal Creek mile 14
(22 km)) at Goose
Shoals, Lauderdale
County, AL, including
the lower 5 miles (8
km) of all tributaries
that enter this reach.
Chub, Virgin River.................. Gila robusta semidnuda. U.S.A. (AZ, NV, UT).... Entire................. E 361 17.95(e) NA
Chub, Yaqui......................... Gila purpurea.......... U.S.A. (AZ), Mexico.... ......do............... E 157 17.95(e) NA
Cicek (minnow)...................... Acanthorutilus Turkey................. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
handlirschi.
Cui-ui.............................. Chasmistes cujus....... U.S.A. (NV)............ ......do............... E 1 NA NA
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled.......... Rhinichthys osculus ......do............... ......do............... E 117E, 17.95(e) NA
nevadensis. 127E,
130
Dace, blackside..................... Phoxinus U.S.A. (KY, TN)........ ......do............... T 273 NA NA
cumberlandensis.
Dace, Clover Valley speckled........ Rhinichthys osculus U.S.A. (NV)............ ......do............... E 370 NA NA
oligoporus.
Dace, desert........................ Eremichthys acros...... ......do............... ......do............... T 1, 2D, 17.95(e) 17.44(m)
210
Dace, Foskett speckled.............. Rhinichthys osculus U.S.A. (OR)............ ......do............... T 174 NA 17.44(j)
ssp..
Dace, Independence Valley speckled.. Rhinichthys osculus U.S.A. (NV)............ ......do............... E 370, 372 NA NA
lethoporus.
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs.......... Rhinichthys osculus U.S.A. (WY)............ ......do............... E 2 NA NA
thermalis.
Dace, Moapa......................... Moapa coriacea......... U.S.A. (NV)............ ......do............... E 1 NA NA
Darter, amber....................... Percina antesella...... U.S.A. (AL, GA, TN).... ......do............... E 196 17.95(e) NA
Darter, bayou....................... Etheostoma rubrum...... U.S.A. (MS)............ ......do............... T 10 NA 17.44(b)
Darter, bluemask.................... Etheostoma sp.......... U.S.A. (TN)............ ......do............... E 525 NA NA
Darter, boulder..................... Etheostoma wapiti...... U.S.A. (AL, TN)........ Entire, except where E 322 NA NA
listed as an
experimental
population.
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... Shoal Creek (from Shoal XN 747 NA 17.84(o)
Creek mile 41.7 (66.7
km)) at the mouth of
Long Branch, Lawrence
County, TN, downstream
to the backwaters of
Wilson Reservoir
(Shoal Creek mile 14
(22 km)) at Goose
Shoals, Lauderdale
County, AL, including
the lower 5 miles (8
km) of all tributaries
that enter this reach.
Darter, Cherokee.................... Etheostoma scotti...... U.S.A. (GA)............ Entire................. T 569 NA NA
Darter, duskytail................... Etheostoma percnurum... U.S.A. (TN, VA)........ Entire, except where E 502, 732 NA NA
listed as an
experimental
population.
[[Page 40]]
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... Tellico River, from the XN 732 NA 17.84(m)
backwaters of the
Tellico Reservoir
(about Tellico River
mile 19 [30.4 km])
upstream to Tellico
River mile 33 (52.8
km), in Monroe County,
TN.
Darter, Etowah...................... Etheostoma etowahae.... U.S.A. (GA)............ Entire................. E 569 NA NA
Darter, fountain.................... Etheostoma fonticola... U.S.A. (TX)............ ......do............... E 2 17.95(e) NA
Darter, goldline.................... Percina aurolineata.... U.S.A. (AL, GA, TN).... ......do............... T 462 NA NA
Darter, leopard..................... Percina pantherina..... U.S.A. (AR, OK)........ ......do............... T 31 17.95(e) 17.44(d)
Darter, Maryland.................... Etheostoma sellare..... U.S.A. (MD)............ ......do............... E 1 17.95(e) NA
Darter, Niangua..................... Etheostoma nianguae.... U.S.A. (MO)............ ......do............... T 185 17.95(e) 17.44(k)
Darter, Okaloosa.................... Etheostoma okaloosae... U.S.A. (FL)............ ......do............... E 6 NA NA
Darter, relict...................... Etheostoma chienense... U.S.A. (KY)............ ......do............... E 525 NA NA
Darter, slackwater.................. Etheostoma boschungi... U.S.A. (AL, TN)........ ......do............... T 28 17.95(e) 17.44(c)
Darter, snail....................... Percina tanasi......... U.S.A. (AL, GA, TN).... ......do............... T 12, 150 NA NA
Darter vermilion.................... Etheostoma chermocki... U.S.A. (AL)............ ......do............... E 715 NA NA
Darter, watercress.................. Etheostoma nuchale..... ......do............... ......do............... E 2 NA NA
Gambusia, Big Bend.................. Gambusia gaigei........ U.S.A. (TX)............ ......do............... E 1 NA NA
Gambusia, Clear Creek............... Gambusia heterochir.... ......do............... ......do............... E 1 NA NA
Gambusia, Pecos..................... Gambusia nobilis....... U.S.A. (NM, TX)........ ......do............... E 2 NA NA
Gambusia, San Marcos................ Gambusia georgei....... U.S.A. (TX)............ ......do............... E 98 17.95(e) NA
Goby, tidewater..................... Eucyclogobius newberryi U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... E 527 17.95(e) NA
Logperch, Conasauga................. Percina jenkinsi....... U.S.A. (GA, TN)........ ......do............... E 196 17.95(e) NA
Logperch, Roanoke................... Percina rex............ U.S.A. (VA)............ ......do............... E 359 NA NA
Madtom, Neosho...................... Noturus placidus....... U.S.A. (KS, MO, OK).... ......do............... T 388 NA NA
Madtom, pygmy....................... Noturus stanauli....... U.S.A. (TN)............ ......do............... E 502 NA NA
Madtom, Scioto...................... Noturus trautmani...... U.S.A. (OH)............ ......do............... E 10 NA NA
Madtom, smoky....................... Noturus baileyi....... U.S.A. (TN)............ Entire, except where E 163, 732 17.95(e) NA
listed as an
experimental
population.
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... Tellico River, from the XN 732 NA 17.84(m)
backwaters of the
Tellico Reservoir
(about Tellico River
mile 19 [30.4 km])
upstream to Tellico
River mile 33 (52.8
km), in Monroe County,
TN.
Madtom, yellowfin................... Noturus flavipinnis.... U.S.A. (TN, VA)........ Entire, except where T 28, 317, 17.95(e) 17.44(c)
listed as an 732
experimental
population.
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... N. Fork Holston River XN 317 NA 17.84(e)
Watershed, VA, TN; S.
Fork Holston R., up-
stream to Ft. Patrick
Henry Dam, TN; Holston
R. down-stream to John
Sevier Detention Lake
Dam, TN; and all
tributaries thereto.
[[Page 41]]
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... Tellico River, from the XN 732 NA 17.84(e)
backwaters of the
Tellico Reservoir
(about Tellico River
mile 19 [30.4 km])
upstream to Tellico
River mile 33 (52.8
km), in Monroe County,
TN.
Minnow, Devils River................ Dionda diaboli......... U.S.A. (TX), Mexico.... Entire................. T 669 NA NA
Minnow, loach....................... Rhinichthys cobitis.... U.S.A. (AZ, NM), Mexico ......do............... T 247 17.95(e) 17.44(q)
Minnow, Rio Grande silvery.......... Hybognathus amarus..... U.S.A. (NM, TX), Mexico ......do............... E 543 17.95(e) NA
Nekogigi (catfish).................. Coreobagrus ichikawai.. Japan.................. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Pikeminnow (=squawfish), Colorado... Ptychocheilus lucius... U.S.A. (AZ, CA, CO, NM, Entire, except Salt and E 1, 193 17.95(e) NA
NV, UT, WY), Mexico. Verde R. drainages, AZ.
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... Salt and Verde R. XN 193 NA 17.84(b)
drainages, AZ.
Poolfish, Pahrump................... Empetrichthys latos.... U.S.A. (NV)............ Entire................. E 1 NA NA
Pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa....... Cyprinodon nevadensis ......do............... ......do............... E 117E, 17.95(e) NA
mionectes. 127E,
130
Pupfish, Comanche Springs........... Cyprinodon elegans..... U.S.A. (TX)............ ......do............... E 1 NA NA
Pupfish, desert..................... Cyprinodon macularius.. U.S.A. (AZ, CA) Mexico. ......do............... E 222 17.95(e) NA
Pupfish, Devils Hole................ Cyprinodon diabolis.... U.S.A. (NV)............ ......do............... E 1 NA NA
Pupfish, Leon Springs............... Cyprinodon bovinus..... U.S.A. (TX)............ ......do............... E 102 17.95(e) NA
Pupfish, Owens...................... Cyprinodon radiosus.... U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... E 1 NA NA
Pupfish, Warm Springs............... Cyprinodon nevadensis U.S.A. (NV)............ ......do............... E 2 NA NA
pectoralis.
Salmon, Atlantic.................... Salmo salar............ U.S.A., Canada, U.S.A., ME Gulf of E 705 NA NA
Greenland, western Maine Atlantic Salmon
Europe. Distinct Population
Segment, which
includes all naturally
reproducing wild
populations and those
river-specific
hatchery populations
of Atlantic salmon
having historical,
river-specific
characteristics found
north of and including
tributaries of the
lower Kennebec River
to, but not including,
the mouth of the St.
Croix River at the
U.S.-Canada border. To
date, the Services
have determined that
these populations are
found in the Dennys,
East Machias, Machias,
Pleasant, Narraguagus,
Sheepscot, and
Ducktrap Rivers and in
Cove Brook, Maine..
[[Page 42]]
Salmon, chinook..................... Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) North America from Sacramento R. (U.S.A.-- E 383E, 226.204 NA
tshawytscha. Ventura R. in CA) winter run, 407, 534
California to Point wherever found.
Hope, Alaska, and the
Mackenzie R. area in
Canada; Northeast Asia
from Hokkaido, Japan,
to the Anadyr R.,
Russia.
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... Snake R. (U.S.A.--ID, T 516, 226.205 NA
OR, WA) mainstem and 557E
the following
subbasins--Tucannon
R., Grande Ronde R.,
Imnaha R., Salmon R,
and Clearwater R.;
fall run, natural
population(s),
wherever found.
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... Snake R. (U.S.A.-- T 516, 226.205 NA
ID,OR,WA) mainstem and 557E
the following
subbasins--Tucannon
R., Grande Ronde R.,
Imnaha R., and Salmon
R.; spring/summer run,
natural population(s),
wherever found.
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... U.S.A.(OR, WA) all T 664 226.212 223.203
naturally spawned
populations from the
Columbia R. and its
tributaries upstream
from its mouth to a
point east of the Hood
R. and White Salmon R.
to Willamette Falls in
Oregon, excluding the
spring run in the
Clackamas R..
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... U.S.A.(WA) all T 664 226.212 NA
naturally spawned
populations in the
Columbia R.
tributaries upstream
of Rock Island Dam and
downstream of Chief
Joseph Dam, excluding
the Okanogan R., and
the Columbia R. from a
line between the west
end of Clatsop jetty,
OR, and the west end
of Peacock jetty, WA,
upstream to Chief
Joseph Dam, including
spring-run hatchery
stocks (and their
progeny) in Chiwawa
R., Methow R., Twisp
R., Chewuch R., White
R. and Nason Creek.
[[Page 43]]
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... U.S.A.(CA) from Redwood T 674 226.212 NA
Creek south to Russian
R., inclusive, all
naturally spawned
populations in
mainstems and
tributaries.
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... U.S.A.(CA) all T 674 226.212 NA
naturally spawned
spring-run populations
from the Sacramento
San Joaquin R.
mainstem and its
tributaries.
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... U.S.A.(OR) all T 664 226.212 223.203
naturally spawned
populations in the
Clackamas R. and the
Willamette R. and its
tributaries above
Willamette Falls.
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... U.S.A.(WA) all T 664 226.212 223.203
naturally spawned
populations from
rivers and streams
flowing into Puget
Sound, including the
Straits of Juan De
Fuca from the Elwha R.
eastward, and Hood
Canal, South Sound,
North Sound and the
Strait of Georgia.
Salmon, chum........................ Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) North Pacific Rim from U.S.A. (OR, WA) all T 664 226.212 223.203
keta. Korea and the Japanese naturally spawned
Island of Honshu east populations in the
to Monterey Bay Columbia R. and its
California; Arctic tributaries.
Ocean from the Laptev
Sea in Russia to
Mackenzie R. in Canada.
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... U.S.A. (WA) all T 664 226.212 223.203
naturally spawned
summer-run populations
in Hood Canal and its
tributaries and
Olympic Penninsula
rivers between Hood
Canal and Dungeness
Bay.
Salmon, coho........................ Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) North Pacific Basin U.S.A. (CA), naturally T 598 NA NA
kisutch. from U.S.A. (CA to AK) spawning populations
to Russia and Japan. in streams between
Punta Gorda, Humboldt
Co., CA and the San
Lorenzo River, Santa
Cruz, Co., CA.
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... U.S.A. (natural T 618 226.212 NA
populations in river
basins between Cape
Blanco in Curry
County, OR and Punta
Gorda in Humboldt Co.,
CA).
Salmon, sockeye..................... Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) North Pacific Basin U.S.A. (Snake River, ID E 455 226.205 NA
nerka. from U.S.A. (CA) to stock wherever found.).
Russia.
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... U.S.A. (WA) all T 664 226.212 223.203
naturally spawned
populations in Ozette
Lake and its tributary
streams.
[[Page 44]]
Sculpin, pygmy...................... Cottus pygmaeus........ U.S.A. (AL)............ Entire................. T 365 NA 17.44(u)
Shiner, Arkansas River.............. Notropis girardi....... U.S.A. (AR, KS, NM, OK, Arkansas River Basin T 653 17.95(e) NA
TX). (AR, KS, NM, OK, TX.
Shiner, beautiful................... Cyprinella formosa..... U.S.A. (AZ, NM), Mexico Entire................. T 157 17.95(e) 17.44(h)
Shiner, blue........................ Cyprinella caerulea.... U.S.A. (AL, GA, TN).... ......do............... T 462 NA NA
Shiner, Cahaba...................... Notropis cahabae....... U.S.A. (AL)............ ......do............... E 405 NA NA
Shiner, Cape Fear................... Notropis mekistocholas. U.S.A. (NC)............ ......do............... E 290 17.95(e) NA
Shiner, palezone.................... Notropis albizonatus... U.S.A. (AL, KY, TN).... ......do............... E 502 NA NA
Shiner, Pecos bluntnose............. Notropis simus U.S.A. (NM)............ ......do............... T 258 17.95(e) 17.44(r)
pecosensis.
Shiner, Topeka...................... (Notropis topeka = U.S.A. (IA, KS, MN, MO, ......do............... E 654 17.95(e) NA
tristis). NE, SD).
Silverside, Waccamaw................ Menidia extensa........ U.S.A. (NC)............ ......do............... T 265 17.95(e) 17.44(s)
Smelt, delta........................ Hypomesus U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... T 492 17.95(e) NA
transpacificus.
Spikedace........................... Meda fulgida........... U.S.A. (AZ, NM), Mexico ......do............... T 236 17.95(e) 17.44(p)
Spinedace, Big Spring............... Lepidomeda mollispinis U.S.A. (NV)............ ......do............... T 173 17.95(e) 17.44(i)
pratensis.
Spinedace, Little Colorado.......... Lepidomeda vittata..... U.S.A. (AZ)............ ......do............... T 1, 2D, 17.95(e) 17.44(t)
287
Spinedace, White River.............. Lepidomeda albivallis.. U.S.A. (NV)............ ......do............... E 203 17.95(e) NA
Springfish, Hiko White River........ Crenichthys baileyi U.S.A. (NV)............ ......do............... E 206 17.95(e) NA
grandis.
Springfish, Railroad Valley......... Crenichthys nevadae.... ......do............... ......do............... T 224 17.95(e) 17.44(n)
Springfish, White River............. Crenichthys baileyi ......do............... ......do............... E 206 17.95(e) NA
baileyi.
Steelhead........................... Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) North Pacific Ocean All naturally spawned E 638 226.212 NA
mykiss. from the Kamchatka populations (and their
Peninsula in Asia to progeny) in rivers
the northern Baja from the Santa Maria
Peninsula. R., San Luis Obispo
County, CA (inclusive)
to Malibu Cr., Los
Angeles County, CA
(inclusive).
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... All naturally spawned E 638 226.212 NA
populations (and their
progeny) in the Upper
Columbia R. Basin
upstream from the
Yakima R., WA, to the
U.S./Canada border,
and also including the
Wells Hatchery stock.
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... All naturally spawned T 638 226.212 223.203
populations (and their
progeny) in streams
from the Russian R. to
Aptos Cr., Santa Cruz
County, CA
(inclusive), and the
drainages of San
Francisco and San
Pablo Bays eastward to
the Napa R.
(inclusive), Napa
County, CA, excluding
the Sacramento-San
Joaquin R. Basin of
the Central Valley of
CA.
[[Page 45]]
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... All naturally spawned T 638 226.212 223.203
populations (and their
progeny) in streams
from the Pajaro R.
(inclusive) located in
Santa Cruz County, CA,
to (but not including)
the Santa Maria R.
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... All naturally spawned T 638 226.212 223.203
populations (and their
progeny) in streams in
the Snake R. Basin of
southeast WA,
northeast OR, and ID.
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... All naturally spawned T 638 226.212 223.203
populations (and their
progeny) in streams
and tributaries to the
Columbia R. between
the Cowlitz and Wind
Rivers, WA, inclusive,
and the Willamette and
Hood Rivers, OR,
inclusive, excluding
the Upper Willamette
River Basin above
Willamette Falls and
excluding the Little
and Big White Salmon
Rivers in WA.
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... All naturally spawned T 638 226.212 223.203
populations (and their
progeny) in the
Sacramento and San
Joaquin Rivers and
their tributaries,
excluding San
Francisco and San
Pablo Bays and their
tributaries.
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... U.S.A. (OR, WA) All T 664 226.212 223.203
naturally spawned
populations in streams
above and excluding
the Wind R. in
Washington, and the
Hood R. in Oregon,
upstream to, and
including, the Yakima
R. Excluded are
steelhead from the
Snake R. Basin..
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... U.S.A. (OR) All T 664 226.212 223.203
naturally spawned
winter-run populations
in the Willamette R.
and its tributaries
from Willamette Falls
to the Calapooia R.,
inclusive.
[[Page 46]]
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... All naturally spawned T 701 NA NA
populations (and their
progeny) in river
basins from Redwood
Creek in Humboldt
County, CA, to the
Gualala River, in
Mendocino County, CA
(inclusive).
Stickleback, unarmored threespine... Gasterosteus aculeatus U.S.A. (CA)............ Entire................. E 2 NA NA
williamsoni.
Sturgeon, Alabama................... Scaphirhynchus suttkusi U.S.A. (AL, MS)........ ......do............... E 697 NA NA
Sturgeon, beluga.................... Huso huso.............. Azerbaijan, Bosnia and ......do............... T 743 NA 17.44 (y)
Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Czech
Republic, Georgia,
Hungary, Islamic
Republic of Iran,
Italy, Kazakhstan,
Republic of Moldova,
Romania, Russian
Federation, Serbia and
Montenegro, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Ukraine.
Sturgeon, Gulf...................... Acipenser oxyrinchus U.S.A. (AL, FL, GA, LA, ......do............... T 444 17.95(e), 17.44(v)
(=oxyrhynchus) desotoi. MS). 226.214
Sturgeon, pallid.................... Scaphirhynchus albus... U.S.A. (AR, IA, IL, KS, ......do............... E 399 NA NA
KY, LA, MO, MS, MT,
ND, NE, SD, TN).
Sturgeon, shortnose................. Acipenser brevirostrum. U.S.A. and Canada ......do............... E 1 NA NA
(Atlantic Coast).
Sturgeon, white..................... Acipenser transmontanus U.S.A. (ID, MT) Canada U.S.A. (ID, MT) Canada E 549 17.95(e) NA
(B.C.). (B.C.) (Kootenai R.
system).
Sucker, June........................ Chasmistes liorus...... U.S.A. (UT)............ Entire................. E 223 17.95(e) NA
Sucker, Lost River.................. Deltistes luxatus...... U.S.A. (CA, OR)........ ......do............... E 313 NA NA
Sucker, Modoc....................... Catostomus microps..... U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... E 184 17.95(e) NA
Sucker, razorback................... Xyrauchen texanus...... U.S.A. (AZ, CA, CO, NM, ......do............... E 447 17.95(e) NA
NV, UT, WY), Mexico.
Sucker, Santa Ana................... (Catostomus santaanae). U.S.A. (CA)............ Los Angeles River T 694 17.95(e) NA
basin, San Gabriel
River basin, Santa Ana
River basin.
Sucker, shortnose................... Chasmistes brevirostris U.S.A. (CA, OR)........ Entire................. E 313 NA NA
Sucker, Warner...................... Catostomus warnerensis. U.S.A. (OR)............ ......do............... T 205 17.95(e) 17.44(l)
Tango, Miyako (Tokyo bitterling).... Tanakia tanago......... Japan.................. ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Temoleh, Ikan (minnow).............. Probarbus jullieni..... Thailand, Cambodia, ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Vietnam, Malaysia,
Laos.
Topminnow, Gila (incl. Yaqui)....... Poeciliopsis U.S.A. (AZ, NM), Mexico U.S.A. only............ E 1 NA NA
occidentalis.
Totoaba (seatrout or weakfish)...... Cynoscion macdonaldi... Mexico (Gulf of Entire................. E 48 NA NA
California).
Trout, Apache....................... Oncorhynchus apache.... U.S.A. (AZ)............ ......do............... T 1, 8 NA 17.44(a)
Trout, bull......................... Salvelinus confluentus. U.S.A. (AK, Pacific NW U.S.A, coterminous T 637, 17.95(e) 17.44(w),
into CA, ID, NV, MT), (lower 48 states). 639E, 17.44(x)
Canada (NW 659, 670
Territories).
[[Page 47]]
Trout, Gila......................... Oncorhynchus gilae..... U.S.A. (AZ, NM)........ Entire................. E 1 NA NA
Trout, greenback cutthroat.......... Oncorhynchus clarki U.S.A. (CO)............ ......do............... T 1, 38 NA 17.44(f)
stomias.
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat........... Oncorhynchus clarki U.S.A. (CA, NV, OR, UT) ......do............... T 2, 8 NA 17.44(a)
henshawi.
Trout, Little Kern golden........... Oncorhynchus aguabonita U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... T 37 17.95(e) 17.44(e)
whitei.
Trout, Paiute cutthroat............. Oncorhynchus clarki ......do............... ......do............... T 1, 8 NA 17.44(a)
seleniris.
Woundfin............................ Plagopterus U.S.A. (AZ, NV, UT).... Entire, except Gila R. E 2, 193 17.95(e) NA
argentissimus. drainage, AZ, NM.
Do................................. ......do............... ......do............... Gila R. drainage, AZ, XN 193 NA 17.84(b)
NM.
Clams
Acornshell, southern................ Epioblasma U.S.A. (AL, GA, TN).... NA..................... E 495 17.95 (f) NA
othcaloogensis.
Bankclimber, purple (mussel)........ Elliptoideus sloatianus U.S.A. (AL, GA, FL).... Entire................. T 633 NA NA
Bean, Cumberland (pearlymussel)..... Villosa trabalis....... U.S.A. (AL, KY, TN, VA) NA..................... E 15 NA NA
Do.............................. ......do............... ......do............... U.S.A. (AL--The free- XN 709 NA 17.85(a)
flowing reach of the
Tennessee R. from the
base of Wilson Dam
downstream to the
backwaters of Pickwick
Reservoir [about 12 RM
(19 km)] and the lower
5 RM [8 km] of all
tributaries to this
reach in Colbert and
Lauderdale Cos., see
17.85(a)).
Bean, Purple........................ Villosa perpurpurea.... U.S.A. (TN, VA)........ NA..................... E 602 17.95 (f) NA
Blossom, green (pearlymussel)....... Epioblasma torulosa ......do............... Entire................. E 15 NA NA
gubernaculum.
Blossom, tuberoled (pearlmyussel)... Epioblasma torulosa U.S.A. (AL, IL, IN, KY, NA..................... E 15 NA NA
torulosa. TN, WV).
Do.............................. ......do............... ......do............... U.S.A. (AL--The free- XN 709 NA 17.85(a)
flowing reach of the
Tennessee R. from the
base of Wilson Dam
downstream to the
backwaters of Pickwick
Reservoir [about 12 RM
(19 km)] and the lower
5 RM [8 km] of all
tributaries to this
reach in Colbert and
Lauderdale Cos., see
17.85(a)).
Blossom, turgid (pearlymussel)...... Epioblasma turgidula... U.S.A. (AL, TN)........ NA..................... E 15 NA NA
Do.............................. ......do............... ......do............... U.S.A. (AL--The free- XN 709 NA 17.85(a)
flowing reach of the
Tennessee R. from the
base of Wilson Dam
downstream to the
backwaters of Pickwick
Reservoir [about 12 RM
(19 km)] and the lower
5 RM [8 km] of all
tributaries to this
reach in Colbert and
Lauderdale Cos., see
17.85(a)).
Blossom, yellow (pearlymussel)...... Epioblasma florentina U.S.A. (AL, TN)........ NA..................... E 15 NA NA
florentina.
[[Page 48]]
Do.............................. ......do............... ......do............... U.S.A. (AL--The free- XN 709 NA 17.85(a)
flowing reach of the
Tennessee R. from the
base of Wilson Dam
downstream to the
backwaters of Pickwick
Reservoir [about 12 RM
(19 km)] and the lower
5 RM [8 km] of all
tributaries to this
reach in Colbert and
Lauderdale Cos., see
17.85(a)).
Catspaw, (=purple cat's paw Epioblasma............. U.S.A. (AL, IL, IN, KY, NA..................... E 394 NA NA
pearlymussel). OH, TN).
Do.............................. ......do............... ......do............... U.S.A. (AL--The free- XN 709 NA 17.85(a)
flowing reach of the
Tennessee R. from the
base of Wilson Dam
downstream to the
backwaters of Pickwick
Reservoir [about 12 RM
(19 km)] and the lower
5 RM [8 km] of all
tributaries to this
reach in Colbert and
Lauderdale Cos., see
17.85(a)).
Catspaw, white (pearlymussel)....... Epioblasma obliquata U.S.A. (IN, MI, OH).... Entire................. E 15 NA NA
perobliqua.
Clubshell........................... Pleurobema clava....... U.S.A. (AL, IL, IN, KY, NA..................... E 488 NA NA
MI, OH, PA, TN, WV).
Do.............................. ......do............... ......do............... U.S.A. (AL--The free- XN 709 NA 17.85(a)
flowing reach of the
Tennessee R. from the
base of Wilson Dam
downstream to the
backwaters of Pickwick
Reservoir [about 12 RM
(19 km)] and the lower
5 RM [8 km] of all
tributaries to this
reach in Colbert and
Lauderdale Cos., see
17.85(a)).
Clubshell, black.................... Pleurobema curtum...... U.S.A. (AL, MS)........ Entire................. E 262 NA NA
Clubshell, ovate.................... Pleurobema perovatum... U.S.A. (AL, TN, GA, MS) NA..................... E 495 17.95 (f) NA
Clubshell, southern................. Pleurobema decisum..... ......do............... NA..................... E 495 17.95 (f) NA
Combshell, Cumberlandian............ Epioblasma brevidens... U.S.A. (AL, KY, MS, TN, NA..................... E 602 17.95 (f) NA
VA).
Combshell, southern................. Epioblasma (=Dysnomia) U.S.A. (AL, MS)........ Entire................. E 262 NA NA
penita.
Combshell, upland................... Epioblasma metastriata. U.S.A. (AL, GA, TN).... NA..................... E 495 17.95 (f) NA
Elktoe, Appalachian................. Alasmidonta raveneliana U.S.A. (NC, TN)........ Entire................. E 563 17.95(f) NA
Elktoe, Cumberland.................. Alasmidonta U.S.A. (KY, TN)........ NA..................... E 602 17.95(f) NA
atropurpurea.
Fanshell............................ Cyprogenia stegaria U.S.A. (AL, IL, IN, KY, Entire................. E 391 NA NA
(=irrorata). OH, PA, TN, VA, WV).
Fatmucket, Arkansas................. Lampsilis powelli...... U.S.A. (AR)............ ......do............... T 382 NA NA
Heelsplitter, Alabama (=inflated)... Potamilus inflatus..... U.S.A. (AL, LA, MS).... ......do............... T 404 NA NA
Heelsplitter, Carolina.............. Lasmigona decorata..... U.S.A. (NC, SC)........ ......do............... E 505 17.95(f) NA
Higgins eye (pearlymussel).......... Lampsilis higginsii.... U.S.A. (IA, IL, MN, MO, ......do............... E 15 NA NA
NE, WI).
[[Page 49]]
Kidneyshell, triangular............. Ptychobranchus greenii. U.S.A. (AL, GA, TN).... NA..................... E 495 17.95 (f) NA
Lampmussel, Alabama................. Lampsilis virescens.... U.S.A. (AL, TN)........ NA..................... E 15 NA NA
Do.............................. ......do............... ......do............... U.S.A. (AL--The free- XN 709 NA 17.85(a)
flowing reach of the
Tennessee R. from the
base of Wilson Dam
downstream to the
backwaters of Pickwick
Reservoir [about 12 RM
(19 km)] and the lower
5 RM [8 km] of all
tributaries to this
reach in Colbert and
Lauderdale Cos., see
17.85(a)).
Lilliput, pale (pearlymussel)....... Toxolasma cylindrellus. ......do............... Entire................. E 15 NA NA
Mapleleaf, winged (mussel).......... Quadrula fragosa....... U.S.A. (AL, IA, IL, IN, NA..................... E 426 NA NA
KY, MN, MO, NE, OH,
OK, TN, WI).
Do.............................. ......do............... ......do............... U.S.A. (AL--The free- XN 709 NA 17.85(a)
flowing reach of the
Tennessee R. from the
base of Wilson Dam
downstream to the
backwaters of Pickwick
Reservoir [about 12 RM
(19 km)] and the lower
5 RM [8 km] of all
tributaries to this
reach in Colbert and
Lauderdale Cos., see
17.85(a)).
Moccasinshell, Alabama.............. Medionidus acutissimus. U.S.A. (AL, GA, MS).... NA..................... T 495 17.95 (f) NA
Moccasinshell, Coosa................ Medionidus parvulus.... U.S.A. (AL, GA, TN).... NA..................... E 495 17.95 (f) NA
Moccasinshell, Gulf................. Medionidus penicillatus U.S.A. (AL, FL, GA).... Entire................. E 633 NA NA
Moccasinshell, Ochlockonee.......... Medionidus simpsonianus U.S.A. (FL, GA)........ ......do............... E 633 NA NA
Monkeyface, Appalachian Quadrula sparsa........ U.S.A. (TN, VA)........ ......do............... E 15 NA NA
(pearlymussel).
Monkeyface, Cumberland Quadrula intermedia.... U.S.A. (AL, TN, VA).... NA..................... E 15 NA NA
(pearlymussel).
Do.............................. ......do............... ......do............... U.S.A. (AL--The free- XN 709 NA 17.85(a)
flowing reach of the
Tennessee R. from the
base of Wilson Dam
downstream to the
backwaters of Pickwick
Reservoir [about 12 RM
(19 km)] and the lower
5 RM [8 km] of all
tributaries to this
reach in Colbert and
Lauderdale Cos., see
17.85(a)).
Mucket, orange-nacre................ Lampsilis perovalis.... U.S.A. (AL, MS)........ NA..................... T 495 17.95 (f) NA
Mucket, pink (pearlymussel)......... Lampsilis abrupta...... U.S.A. (AL, AR, IL, IN, Entire................. E 15 NA NA
KY, LA, MO, OH, PA,
TN, VA, WV).
Mussel, oyster...................... Epioblasma capsaeformis U.S.A. (AL, GA, KY, MS, NA..................... E 602 17.95(f) NA
NC, TN, VA).
Mussel, scaleshell.................. Leptodea leptodon...... U.S.A. (AL, AR, IA, IL, NA..................... E 714 NA NA
IN, KY, MN, MO, OH,
OK, SD, TN, WI).
Pearlshell, Louisiana............... Margaritifera hembeli.. U.S.A. (LA)............ Entire................. T 304, 518 NA NA
Pearlymussel, birdwing.............. Conradilla caelata..... U.S.A. (AL, TN, VA).... NA..................... E 15 NA NA
[[Page 50]]
Do.............................. ......do............... ......do............... U.S.A. (AL--The free- XN 709 NA 17.85(a)
flowing reach of the
Tennessee R. from the
base of Wilson Dam
downstream to the
backwaters of Pickwick
Reservoir [about 12 RM
(19 km)] and the lower
5 RM [8 km] of all
tributaries to this
reach in Colbert and
Lauderdale Cos., see
17.85(a)).
Pearlymussel, cracking.............. Hemistena lata......... U.S.A. (AL, IL, IN, KY, NA..................... E 366 NA NA
OH, TN, VA).
Do.............................. ......do............... ......do............... U.S.A. (AL--The free- XN 709 NA 17.85(a)
flowing reach of the
Tennessee R. from the
base of Wilson Dam
downstream to the
backwaters of Pickwick
Reservoir [about 12 RM
(19 km)] and the lower
5 RM [8 km] of all
tributaries to this
reach in Colbert and
Lauderdale Cos., see
17.85(a)).
Pearlymussel, Curtis................ Epioblasma florentina U.S.A. (AR, MO)........ Entire................. E 15 NA NA
curtisii.
Pearlymussel, dromedary............. Dromus dromas.......... U.S.A. (AL, KY, TN, VA) NA..................... E 15 NA NA
Do.............................. ......do............... ......do............... U.S.A. (AL--The free- XN 709 NA 17.85(a)
flowing reach of the
Tennessee R. from the
base of Wilson Dam
downstream to the
backwaters of Pickwick
Reservoir [about 12 RM
(19 km)] and the lower
5 RM [8 km] of all
tributaries to this
reach in Colbert and
Lauderdale Cos., see
17.85(a)).
Pearlymussel, little-wing........... Pegias fabula.......... U.S.A. (AL, KY, NC, TN, Entire................. E 342 NA NA
VA).
Pearlymussel, Nicklin's............. Megalonaias nicklineana Mexico................. ......do............... E 15 NA NA
Pearlymussel, Tampico............... Cyrtonaias tampicoensis ......do............... ......do............... E 15 NA NA
tecomatensis.
Pigtoe, Cumberland.................. Pleurobema gibberum.... U.S.A. (TN)............ ......do............... E 423 NA NA
Pigtoe, dark........................ Pleurobema furvum...... U.S.A. (AL)............ NA..................... E 495 17.95 (f) NA
Pigtoe, fine-rayed.................. Fusconaia cuneolus..... U.S.A. (AL, TN, VA).... NA..................... E 15 NA NA
[[Page 51]]
Do.............................. ......do............... ......do............... U.S.A. (AL--The free- XN 709 NA 17.85(a)
flowing reach of the
Tennessee R. from the
base of Wilson Dam
downstream to the
backwaters of Pickwick
Reservoir [about 12 RM
(19 km)] and the lower
5 RM [8 km] of all
tributaries to this
reach in Colbert and
Lauderdale Cos., see
17.85(a)).
Pigtoe, flat........................ Pleurobema marshalli... U.S.A. (AL, MS)........ Entire................. E 262 NA NA
Pigtoe, heavy....................... Pleurobema taitianum... ......do............... ......do............... E 262 NA NA
Pigtoe, oval........................ Pleurobema pyriforme... U.S.A. (AL, FL, GA).... ......do............... E 633 NA NA
Pigtoe, rough....................... Pleurobema plenum...... U.S.A. (AL, IN, KY, PA, ......do............... E 15 NA NA
TN, VA).
Pigtoe, shiny....................... Fusconaia cor.......... U.S.A. (AL, TN, VA).... NA..................... E 15 NA NA
Do.............................. ......do............... ......do............... U.S.A. (AL--The free- XN 709 NA 17.85(a)
flowing reach of the
Tennessee R. from the
base of Wilson Dam
downstream to the
backwaters of Pickwick
Reservoir [about 12 RM
(19 km)] and the lower
5 RM [8 km] of all
tributaries to this
reach in Colbert and
Lauderdale Cos., see
17.85(a)).
Pigtoe, southern.................... Pleurobema georgianum.. U.S.A. (AL, GA, TN).... NA..................... E 495 17.95 (f) NA
Pimpleback, orangefoot Plethobasus cooperianus U.S.A. (AL, IA, IL, IN, Entire................. E 15 NA NA
(pearlymussel). KY, OH, PA, TN).
Pocketbook, fat..................... Potamilus capax........ U.S.A. (AR, IA, IL, IN, ......do............... E 15 NA NA
KY, MO, MS, OH).
Pocketbook, fine-lined.............. Lampsilis altilis...... U.S.A. (AL, GA)........ NA..................... T 495 17.95 (f) NA
Rock-pocketbook, Ouachita........... Arkansia wheeleri...... U.S.A. (AR, OK)........ Entire................. E 446 NA NA
Pocketbook, shinyrayed.............. Lampsilis subangulata.. U.S.A. (AL, FL, GA).... ......do............... E 633 NA NA
Pocketbook, speckled................ Lampsilis streckeri.... U.S.A. (AR)............ ......do............... E 345 NA NA
Rabbitsfoot, rough.................. Quadrula cylindrica U.S.A. (TN, VA)........ NA..................... E 602 17.95(f) NA
strigillata.
Riffleshell, northern............... Epioblasma torulosa U.S.A. (IL, IN, KY, MI, Entire................. E 488 NA NA
rangiana. OH, PA, WV), Canada
(Ont.).
Riffleshell, tan.................... Epioblasma florentina U.S.A. (AL, KY, NC, TN, ......do............... E 27 NA NA
walkeri (=E. walkeri). VA).
Pink, ring (mussel)................. Obovaria retusa........ U.S.A. (AL, IL, IN, KY, ......do............... E 369 NA NA
OH, PA, TN, WV).
Slabshell, Chipola.................. Elliptio chipolaensis.. U.S.A. (AL, FL)........ ......do............... T 633 NA NA
Spinymussel, James.................. Pleurobema collina..... U.S.A. (VA, WV)........ ......do............... E 316 NA NA
Spinymussel, Tar River.............. Elliptio steinstansana. U.S.A. (NC)............ ......do............... E 188 NA NA
Stirrupshell........................ Quadrula stapes........ U.S.A. (AL, MS)........ ......do............... E 262 NA NA
Three-ridge, fat (mussel)........... Amblema neislerii...... U.S.A. (FL, GA)........ ......do............... E 633 NA NA
Wartyback, white (pearlymussel)..... Plethobasus U.S.A. (AL, IL, IN, KY, ......do............... E 15 NA NA
cicatricosus. TN).
Wedgemussel, dwarf.................. Alasmidonta heterodon.. U.S.A. (CT, DC, DE, MA, ......do............... E 377 NA NA
MD, NC, NH, NJ, NY,
PA, VA, VT), Canada
(N.B.).
[[Page 52]]
Snails
Ambersnail, Kanab................... Oxyloma haydeni U.S.A. (AZ, UT)........ ......do............... E 431E, NA NA
kanabensis. 459, 477
Campeloma, slender.................. Campeloma decampi...... U.S.A. (AL)............ ......do............... E 688 NA NA
Cavesnail, Tumbling Creek........... Antrobia culveri....... U.S.A. (MO)............ NA..................... E 731 NA NA
Elimia, lacy (snail)................ Elimia crenatella...... U.S.A.(AL)............. Entire................. T 651 NA NA
Limpet, Banbury Springs............. Lanx sp................ U.S.A. (ID)............ ......do............... E 485 NA NA
Lioplax, cylindrical (snail)........ Lioplax U.S.A. (AL, GA)........ ......do............... E 651 NA NA
cyclostomaformis.
Marstonia (snail), royal............ Pyrgulopsis ogmorhaphe. U.S.A. (TN)............ ......do............... E 538 NA NA
Pebblesnail, flat................... Lepyrium showalteri.... U.S.A. (AL)............ ......do............... E 651 NA NA
Pecos assiminea..................... Assiminea pecos........ U.S.A. (NM, TX)........ NA..................... E 17.95(f) NA
Riversnail, Anthony's............... Athearnia anthonyi..... U.S.A. (AL, GA, TN).... NA..................... E 538 NA NA
Do.............................. ......do............... ......do............... U.S.A. (AL--The free- XN 709 NA 17.85(a)
flowing reach of the
Tennessee R. from the
base of Wilson Dam
downstream to the
backwaters of Pickwick
Reservoir [about 12 RM
(19 km)] and the lower
5 RM [8 km] of all
tributaries to this
reach in Colbert and
Lauderdale Cos., see
17.85(a)).
Rocksnail, painted.................. Leptoxis taeniata...... U.S.A. (AL)............ Entire................. T 651 NA NA
Rocksnail, plicate.................. Leptoxis plicata....... ......do............... ......do............... E 651 NA NA
Rocksnail, round.................... Leptoxis ampla......... ......do............... ......do............... T 651 NA NA
Shagreen, Magazine Mountain......... Mesodon magazinensis... U.S.A. (AR)............ ......do............... T 348 NA NA
Snail, armored...................... Pyrgulopsis U.S.A. (AL)............ ......do............... E 688 NA NA
(=Marstonia) pachyta.
Snail, Bliss Rapids................. Taylorconcha U.S.A. (ID)............ ......do............... T 485 NA NA
serpenticola.
Snail, Chittenango ovate amber...... Succinea U.S.A. (NY)............ ......do............... T 41 NA NA
chittenangoensis.
Snail, flat-spired three-toothed.... Triodopsis U.S.A. (WV)............ ......do............... T 41 NA NA
platysayoides.
Snail, Iowa Pleistocene............. Discus macclintocki.... U.S.A. (IA, IL)........ ......do............... E 41 NA NA
Snail, Manus Island tree............ Papustyla pulcherrima.. Pacific Ocean-- ......do............... E 3 NA NA
Admiralty Is. (Manus
Is.).
Snail, Morro shoulderband (=Banded Helminthoglypta U.S.A. (CA)............ NA..................... E 567 17.95(f) NA
dune). walkeriana.
Snail, Newcomb's.................... Erinna newcombi........ U.S.A. (HI)............ Entire................. T 680 17.95(f) NA
Snail, noonday...................... Mesodon clarki U.S.A. (NC)............ ......do............... T 41 NA NA
nantahala.
Snail, painted snake coiled forest.. Anguispira picta....... U.S.A. (TN)............ ......do............... T 41 NA NA
Snail, Snake River physa............ Physa natricina........ U.S.A. (ID)............ ......do............... E 485 NA NA
Snail, Stock Island tree............ Orthalicus reses (not U.S.A. (FL)............ ......do............... T 41 NA NA
incl. nesodryas).
Snail, tulotoma..................... Tulotoma magnifica..... U.S.A. (AL)............ ......do............... E 412 NA NA
Snail, Utah valvata................. Valvata utahensis...... U.S.A. (ID)............ ......do............... E 485 NA NA
Snail, Virginia fringed mountain.... Polygyriscus U.S.A. (VA)............ ......do............... E 41 NA NA
virginianus.
Snails, Oahu tree................... Achatinella spp........ U.S.A. (HI)............ ......do............... E 108, 112 NA NA
Springsnail, Alamosa................ Tryonia alamosae....... U.S.A. (NM)............ ......do............... E 442 NA NA
Springsnail, Bruneau Hot............ Pyrgulopsis U.S.A. (ID)............ ......do............... E 489 NA NA
bruneauensis.
[[Page 53]]
Springsnail, Idaho.................. Fontelicella idahoensis ......do............... ......do............... E 485 NA NA
Springsnail, Koster's............... Juturnia kosteria...... U.S.A. (NM)............ NA..................... E NA NA
Springsnail, Roswell................ Pyrgulopsis ......do............... NA..................... E NA NA
roswellensis.
Springsnail, Socorro................ Pyrgulopsis neomexicana U.S.A. (NM)............ Entire................. E 442 NA NA
Insects
Beetle, American burying............ Nicrophorus americanus. U.S.A. (eastern States ......do............... E 351 NA NA
south to FL, west to
SD and TX), eastern
Canada.
Beetle, Coffin Cave mold............ Batrisodes texanus..... U.S.A. (TX)............ ......do............... E 327, 513 NA NA
Beetle, Comal Springs dryopid....... Stygoparnus comalensis. ......do............... ......do............... E 629 NA NA
Beetle, Comal Springs riffle........ Heterelmis comalensis.. ......do............... ......do............... E 629 NA NA
Beetle, delta green ground.......... Elaphrus viridis....... U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... T 100 17.95(i) NA
Beetle, Helotes mold................ Batrisodes venyivi..... U.S.A. (TX)............ NA..................... E 706 17.95(i) NA
Beetle, Hungerford's crawling water. Brychius hungerfordi... U.S.A. (MI, Canada).... ......do............... E 533 NA NA
Beetle, Kretschmarr Cave mold....... Texamaurops reddelli... U.S.A. (TX)............ ......do............... E 327, 513 NA NA
Beetle, Mount Hermon June........... Polyphylla barbata..... U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... E 605 NA NA
Beetle, [no common name]............ Rhadine exilis......... U.S.A. (TX)............ NA..................... E 706 17.95(i) NA
Beetle, [no common name]............ Rhadine infernalis..... U.S.A. (TX)............ NA..................... E 706 17.95(i) NA
Beetle, northeastern beach tiger.... Cicindela dorsalis U.S.A. (CT, MA, MD, NJ, ......do............... T 396 NA NA
dorsalis. NY, PA, RI, VA).
Beetle, Ohlone tiger................ Cicindela ohlone (CA).. U.S.A. (CA)............ NA..................... E 713 NA NA
Beetle, Puritan tiger............... Cicindela puritana..... U.S.A. (CT, MA, MD, NH, Entire................. T 396 NA NA
VT).
Beetle, Tooth Cave ground........... Rhadine persephone..... U.S.A. (TX)............ ......do............... E 327 NA NA
Beetle, valley elderberry longhorn.. Desmocerus californicus U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... T 99 17.95(i) NA
dimorphus.
Butterfly, bay checkerspot.......... Euphydryas editha ......do............... ......do............... T 288 17.95(i) NA
bayensis.
Butterfly, Behren's silverspot...... Speyeria zerene ......do............... ......do............... E 628 NA NA
behrensii.
Butterfly, callippe silverspot...... Speyeria callippe ......do............... ......do............... E 628 NA NA
callippe.
Butterfly, Corsican swallowtail..... Papilio hospiton....... Corsica, Sardinia...... ......do............... E 486 NA NA
Butterfly, El Segundo blue.......... Euphilotes battoides U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... E 14 NA NA
allyni.
Butterfly, Fender's blue............ Icaricia icarioides U.S.A. (OR)............ ......do............... E 679 NA NA
fenderi.
Butterfly, Homerus swallowtail...... Papilio homerus........ Jamaica................ ......do............... E 486 NA NA
Butterfly, Karner blue.............. Lycaeides melissa U.S.A. (IL, IN, MA, MI, ......do............... E 484 NA NA
samuelis. MN, NH, NY, OH, PA,
WI), Canada (Ont.).
Butterfly, Lange's metalmark........ Apodemia mormo langei.. U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... E 14 NA NA
Butterfly, lotis blue............... Lycaeides argyrognomon ......do............... ......do............... E 14 NA NA
lotis.
Butterfly, Luzon peacock swallowtail Papilio chikae......... Philippines............ ......do............... E 486 NA NA
Butterfly, mission blue............. Icaricia icarioides U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... E 14 NA NA
missionensis.
Butterfly, Mitchell's satyr......... Neonympha mitchellii U.S.A. (IN, MI, NJ, OH) ......do............... E 428E, NA NA
mitchellii. 469
Butterfly, Myrtle's silverspot...... Speyeria zerene U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... E 472 NA NA
myrtleae.
Butterfly, Oregon silverspot........ Speyeria zerene U.S.A. (CA, OR, WA).... ......do............... T 95 17.95(i) NA
hippolyta.
Butterfly, Palos Verdes blue........ Glaucopsyche lygdamus U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... E 96 17.95(i) NA
palosverdesensis.
Butterfly, Queen Alexandra's Troides alexandrae..... Papua New Guinea....... ......do............... E 364 NA NA
birdwing.
Butterfly, Quino checkerspot........ Euphydryas edith quino. U.S.A. (CA), Mexico.... ......do............... E 604 17.95(i) NA
[[Page 54]]
Butterfly, Saint Francis' satyr..... Neonympha mitchellii U.S.A. (NC)............ ......do............... E 539E, NA NA
francisci. 574
Butterfly, San Bruno elfin.......... Callophrys mossii U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... E 14 NA NA
bayensis.
Butterfly, Schaus swallowtail....... Heraclides aristodemus U.S.A. (FL)............ ......do............... E 13, 159 NA NA
ponceanus.
Butterfly, Smith's blue............. Euphilotes enoptes U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... E 14 NA NA
smithi.
Butterfly, Uncompahgre fritillary... Boloria acrocnema...... U.S.A. (CO)............ ......do............... E 427 NA NA
Dragonfly, Hine's emerald........... Somatochlora hineana... U.S.A. (IL, IN, OH, WI) ......do............... E 573 NA NA
Fly, Delhi Sands flower-loving...... Rhaphiomidas terminatus U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... E 517 NA NA
abdominalis.
Grasshopper, Zayante band-winged.... Trimerotropis ......do............... NA..................... E 605 17.95(i) NA
infantilis.
Moth, Blackburn's sphinx............ Manduca blackburni..... U.S.A. (HI)............ NA..................... E 682 17.95(i) NA
Moth, Kern primrose sphinx.......... Euproserpinus euterpe.. U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... T 91 NA NA
Naucorid, Ash Meadows............... Ambrysus amargosus..... U.S.A. (NV)............ ......do............... T 181 17.95(i) NA
Skipper, Carson wandering........... Pseudocopaeodes eunus U.S.A. (CA, NV)........ U.S.A., (Lassen County, E 730 NA NA
obscurus. CA; Washoe County, NV).
Skipper, Laguna Mountains........... Pyrgus ruralis lagunae. U.S.A. (CA)............ Entire................. E 604 NA NA
Skipper, Pawnee montane............. Hesperia leonardus U.S.A. (CO)............ ......do............... T 289 NA NA
montana.
Arachnids
Harvestman, Bee Creek Cave.......... Texella reddelli....... U.S.A. (TX)............ ......do............... E 327, 513 NA NA
Harvestman, Bone Cave............... Texella reyesi......... ......do............... ......do............... E 327, 513 NA NA
Harvestman, Cokendolpher cave....... Texella cokendolpheri.. U.S.A. (TX)............ NA..................... E 706 17.95(g) NA
Meshweaver, Braken Bat Cave......... Circurina venii........ U.S.A. (TX)............ NA..................... E 706 17.95(g) NA
Meshweaver, Government Canyon Bat Circurina vespera...... U.S.A. (TX)............ NA..................... E 706 NA NA
Cave.
Meshweaver, Madla Cave.............. Cicurina madla......... U.S.A. (TX)............ NA..................... E 706 17.95(g) NA
Meshweaver, Robber Baron Cave....... Cicurina baronia....... U.S.A. (TX)............ NA..................... E 706 17.95(g) NA
Pseudoscorpion, Tooth Cave.......... Tartarocreagris texana. ......do............... ......do............... E 327 NA NA
Spider, Government Canyon Bat Cave.. Neoleptoneta microps... U.S.A. (TX)............ NA..................... E 706 NA NA
Spider, Kauai cave wolf............. Adelocosa anops........ U.S.A. (HI)............ NA..................... E 676 17.95(g) NA
Spider, spruce-fir moss............. Microhexura montivaga.. U.S.A. (NC, TN)........ NA..................... E 576 17.95(g) NA
Spider, Tooth Cave.................. Neoleptoneta myopica... U.S.A. (TX)............ Entire................. E 327 NA NA
Crustaceans
Amphipod, Hay's Spring.............. Stygobromus hayi....... U.S.A. (DC)............ ......do............... E 115 NA NA
Amphipod, Illinois cave............. Gammarus acherondytes.. U.S.A. (IL)............ ......do............... E 642 NA NA
Amphipod, Kauai cave................ Spelaeorchestia koloana U.S.A. (HI)............ NA..................... E 676 17.95(h) NA
Amphipod, Noel's.................... Gammarus desperatus.... U.S.A. (NM)............ NA..................... E NA NA
Amphipod, Peck's cave............... Stygobromus U.S.A. (TX)............ Entire................. E 629 NA NA
(=Stygonectes) pecki.
Crayfish, cave...................... Cambarus aculabrum..... U.S.A. (AR)............ ......do............... E 499 NA NA
Do................................. Cambarus zophonastes... ......do............... ......do............... E 263 NA NA
Crayfish, Nashville................. Orconectes shoupi...... U.S.A. (TN)............ ......do............... E 242 NA NA
Crayfish, Shasta.................... Pacifastacus fortis.... U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... E 337 NA NA
Fairy shrimp, Conservancy........... Branchinecta ......do............... ......do............... E 552 17.97 NA
conservatio.
[[Page 55]]
Fairy shrimp, longhorn.............. Branchinecta ......do............... ......do............... E 552 17.97 NA
longiantenna.
Fairy shrimp, Riverside............. Streptocephalus ......do............... ......do............... E 512 17.95(h) NA
woottoni.
Fairy shrimp, San Diego............. Branchinecta ......do............... NA..................... E 608 17.95(h) NA
sandiegonensis.
Fairy shrimp, vernal pool........... Branchinecta lynchi.... U.S.A. (CA, OR)........ Entire................. E 552 17.97 NA
Isopod, Lee County cave............. Lirceus usdagalun...... U.S.A. (VA)............ ......do............... E 483 NA NA
Isopod, Madison Cave................ Antrolana lira......... ......do............... ......do............... T 123 NA 17.46(a)
Isopod, Socorro..................... Thermosphaeroma U.S.A. (NM)............ ......do............... E 36 NA NA
thermophilus.
Shrimp, Alabama cave................ Palaemonias alabamae... U.S.A. (AL)............ ......do............... E 323 NA NA
Shrimp, California freshwater....... Syncaris pacifica...... U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... E 340 NA NA
Shrimp, Kentucky cave............... Palaemonias ganteri.... U.S.A. (KY)............ ......do............... E 135 17.95(h) NA
Shrimp, Squirrel Chimney Cave....... Palaemonetes cummingi.. U.S.A. (FL)............ ......do............... T 390 NA NA
Tadpole shrimp, vernal pool......... Lepidurus packardi..... U.S.A. (CA)............ ......do............... E 552 17.97 NA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Symbols used in the four left columns:
`` Do...'' or ``......do...''--(Ditto) indicates the entry is the same as the column entry directly above.
Symbols used in the ``When listed'' column:
A--Indicates a correction to the publication with the same ``When listed'' number.
D--Indicates FR where species was Delisted; relisting of the species is indicated by subsequent number(s).
E--Indicated Emergency rule publication (see FR document for effective dates); subsequent number(s) indicate FR final rule, if applicable, under ``When
listed''.
[[Page 56]]
1--32 FR 4001; March 11, 1967.
2--35 FR 16047; October 13, 1970.
3--35 FR 8495; June 2, 1970.
4--35 FR 18320; December 2, 1970.
5--37 FR 6176; March 28, 1972.
6--38 FR 14678; June 4, 1973.
7--39 FR 44991; December 30, 1974.
8--40 FR 29864; July 16, 1975.
9--40 FR 31736; July 28, 1975.
10--40 FR 44151; September 25, 1975.
11--40 FR 44418; September 26, 1975.
12--40 FR 47506; October 9, 1975.
13--41 FR 17740; April 28, 1976.
14--41 FR 22044; June 1, 1976.
15--41 FR 24064; June 14, 1976.
15A--41 FR 26019; June 24, 1976.
16--41 FR 45993; October 19, 1976.
17--41 FR 51021; November 19, 1976.
18--41 FR 51612; November 23, 1976.
19--41 FR 53034; December 3, 1976.
20--42 FR 2076; January 10, 1977.
21--42 FR 2968; January 14, 1977.
22--42 FR 15971; March 24, 1977.
24--42 FR 28545; June 3, 1977.
25--42 FR 37373; July 21, 1977.
26--42 FR 40685; August 11, 1977.
27--42 FR 42353; August 23, 1977.
28--42 FR 45528; September 9, 1977.
29--42 FR 58757; November 11, 1977.
30--42 FR 60745; November 29, 1977.
31--43 FR 3715; January 27, 1978.
32--43 FR 4028; January 31, 1978.
33--43 FR 4621; February 3, 1978.
34--43 FR 6233; February 14, 1978.
35--43 FR 9612; March 9, 1978.
36--43 FR 12691; March 27, 1978.
37--43 FR 15429; April 13, 1978.
38--43 FR 16345; April 18, 1978.
40--43 FR 20504; May 12, 1978.
41--43 FR 28932; July 3, 1978.
42--43 FR 32808; July 28, 1978.
43--43 FR 34480; August 4, 1978.
45--44 FR 21289; April 10, 1979.
46--44 FR 23064; April 17, 1979.
48--44 FR 29480; May 21, 1979.
50--44 FR 37126; June 25, 1979.
51--44 FR 37132; June 25, 1979.
52--44 FR 42911; July 20, 1979.
54--44 FR 49220; August 21, 1979.
60--44 FR 59084; October 12, 1979.
85--44 FR 69208; November 30, 1979.
86--44 FR 70677; December 7, 1979.
87--44 FR 75076; December 18, 1979.
88--45 FR 18010; March 20, 1980.
90--45 FR 21833; April 2, 1980.
91--45 FR 24090; April 8, 1980.
92--45 FR 27713; April 23, 1980.
93--45 FR 28722; April 30, 1980.
94--45 FR 35823; May 28, 1980.
95--45 FR 44938; July 2, 1980.
96--45 FR 44942; July 2, 1980.
97--45 FR 47353; July 14, 1980.
98--45 FR 47363; July 14, 1980.
99--45 FR 52806; August 8, 1980.
100--45 FR 52810; August 8, 1980.
102--45 FR 54680; August 15, 1980.
103--45 FR 55666; August 20, 1980.
105--45 FR 63820; September 25, 1980.
106--45 FR 65134; October 1, 1980.
108--46 FR 3182; January 13, 1981.
111--46 FR 11665; February 10, 1981.
112--46 FR 40025; August 6, 1981.
113--46 FR 40669; August 10, 1981.
114--47 FR 4211; January 28, 1982.
115--47 FR 5427; February 5, 1982.
117--47 FR 19999; May 10, 1982.
119--47 FR 31672; July 21, 1982.
123--47 FR 43701; October 4, 1982.
124--47 FR 43962; October 5, 1982.
125--47 FR 46093; October 15, 1982.
127--48 FR 612; January 5, 1983.
128--48 FR 1726; January 14, 1983.
129--48 FR 28464; June 22, 1983.
130--48 FR 40184; September 2, 1983.
131--48 FR 43043; September 21, 1983.
132--48 FR 46057; October 11, 1983.
134--48 FR 46336; October 12, 1983.
135--48 FR 46341; October 12, 1983.
136--48 FR 49249; October 25, 1983.
138--49 FR 1994; January 17, 1984.
139--49 FR 2783; January 23, 1984.
142--49 FR 7335; February 28, 1984.
143--49 FR 7394; February 29, 1984.
144--49 FR 7398; February 29, 1984.
145--49 FR 10526; March 20, 1984.
146--49 FR 14356; April 11, 1984.
149--49 FR 22330; May 29, 1984.
150--49 FR 27514; July 5, 1984.
156--49 FR 33885; August 27, 1984.
157--49 FR 34494; August 31, 1984.
159--49 FR 34504; August 31, 1984.
160--49 FR 34510; August 31, 1984.
161--49 FR 35954; September 13, 1984.
163--49 FR 43069; October 26, 1984.
164--49 FR 43969; November 1, 1984.
166--49 FR 45163; November 15, 1984.
168--49 FR 49639; December 21, 1984.
169--50 FR 1056; January 9, 1985.
170--50 FR 4226; January 30, 1985.
171--50 FR 4945; February 4, 1985.
173--50 FR 12302; March 28, 1985.
174--50 FR 12305; March 28, 1985.
181--50 FR 20786; May 20, 1985.
182--50 FR 21792; May 28, 1985.
183--50 FR 23884; June 6, 1985.
184--50 FR 24530; June 11, 1985.
185--50 FR 24653; June 12, 1985.
186--50 FR 25678; June 20, 1985.
188--50 FR 26575; June 27, 1985.
189--50 FR 27002; July 1, 1985.
193--50 FR 30194; July 24, 1985.
195--50 FR 31596; August 5, 1985.
196--50 FR 31603; August 5, 1985.
203--50 FR 37198; September 12, 1985.
205--50 FR 39117; September 27, 1985.
206--50 FR 39123; September 27, 1985.
210--50 FR 50308; December 10, 1985.
211--50 FR 50733; December 11, 1985.
212--50 FR 51252; December 16, 1985.
216--51 FR 6690; February 25, 1986.
222--51 FR 10850; March 31, 1986.
223--51 FR 10857; March 31, 1986.
224--51 FR 10864; March 31, 1986.
227--51 FR 16047; April 30, 1986.
[[Page 57]]
228--51 FR 16482; May 2, 1986.
233--51 FR 17980; May 16, 1986.
236--51 FR 23781; July 1, 1986.
239--51 FR 27495; July 31, 1986.
241--51 FR 31422; September 3, 1986.
242--51 FR 34412; September 26, 1986.
246--51 FR 34425; September 26, 1986.
247--51 FR 39478; October 28, 1986.
248--51 FR 41796; November 19, 1986.
250--51 FR 45910; December 23, 1986.
251--52 FR 28; January 5, 1987.
258--52 FR 5302; February 20, 1987.
262--52 FR 11169; April 7, 1987.
263--52 FR 11172; April 7, 1987.
265--52 FR 11286; April 8, 1987.
267--52 FR 20719; June 3, 1987.
268--52 FR 20999; June 3, 1987.
269--52 FR 21063; June 4, 1987.
272--52 FR 22430; June 11, 1987.
273--52 FR 22585; June 12, 1987.
278--52 FR 22943; June 16, 1987.
279--52 FR 23151; June 17, 1987.
280--52 FR 25232; July 6, 1987.
281--52 FR 25380; July 7, 1987.
282--52 FR 28785; August 3, 1987.
283--52 FR 28831; August 4, 1987.
284--52 FR 29780; August 11, 1987.
287--52 FR 35040; September 16, 1987.
288--52 FR 35378; September 18, 1987.
289--52 FR 36180; September 25, 1987.
290--52 FR 36038; September 25, 1987.
292--52 FR 36779; October 1, 1987.
294--52 FR 37423; October 6, 1987.
296--52 FR 42068; November 2, 1987.
299--52 FR 42662; November 6, 1987.
304--53 FR 3570; February 5, 1988.
312--53 FR 25611; July 8, 1988.
313--53 FR 27134; July 18, 1988.
316--53 FR 27693; July 22, 1988.
317--53 FR 29337; August 4, 1988.
320--53 FR 33992; September 1, 1988.
322--53 FR 33998; September 1, 1988.
323--53 FR 34698; September 7, 1988.
327--53 FR 36033; September 16, 1988.
328--53 FR 37970; September 28, 1988.
334--53 FR 38453; September 30, 1988.
336--53 FR 38460; September 30, 1988.
337--53 FR 38465; September 30, 1988.
338--53 FR 38469; September 30, 1988.
340--53 FR 43889; October 31, 1988.
342--53 FR 45865; November 14, 1988.
345--54 FR 8341; February 28, 1989.
348--54 FR 15208; April 17, 1989.
349--54 FR 20602; May 12, 1989.
350--54 FR 22906; May 30, 1989.
351--54 FR 29655; July 13, 1989.
357--54 FR 32331; August 4, 1989.
358--54 FR 34468; August 18, 1989.
359--54 FR 34472; August 18, 1989.
361--54 FR 35311; August 24, 1989.
364--54 FR 38951; September 21, 1989.
365--54 FR 39849; September 28, 1989.
366--54 FR 39853; September 28, 1989.
369--54 FR 40112; September 29, 1989.
370--54 FR 41453; October 10, 1989.
371--54 FR 43969; October 30, 1989.
372--54 FR 47861; November 17, 1989.
376--55 FR 9136; March 12, 1990.
377--55 FR 9451; March 14, 1990.
378--55 FR 12191; April 2, 1990.
382--55 FR 12801; April 5, 1990.
383--55 FR 12832; April 6, 1990.
384--55 FR 13488; April 10, 1990.
387--55 FR 18845; May 4, 1990.
388--55 FR 21153; May 22, 1990.
390--55 FR 25591; June 21, 1990.
391--55 FR 25595; June 21, 1990.
393--55 FR 26194; June 26, 1990.
394--55 FR 28213; July 10, 1990.
396--55 FR 32094; August 7, 1990.
399--55 FR 36647; September 6, 1990.
400--55 FR 39416; September 27, 1990.
401--55 FR 39860; September 28, 1990.
404--55 FR 39872; September 28, 1990.
405--55 FR 42966; October 25, 1990.
407--55 FR 49623; November 30, 1990.
408--55 FR 50006; December 4, 1990.
410--55 FR 51112; December 12, 1990.
411--55 FR 53160; December 27, 1990.
412--56 FR 800; January 9, 1991.
415--56 FR 1459; January 14, 1991.
416--56 FR 1463; January 14, 1991.
417--56 FR 1463; January 14, 1991.
419--56 FR 13600; April 3, 1991.
421--56 FR 19814; April 30, 1991.
423--56 FR 21087; May 7, 1991.
426--56 FR 28349; June 20, 1991.
427--56 FR 28717; June 24, 1991.
428--56 FR 28828; June 25, 1991.
431--56 FR 37671; August 8, 1991.
432--56 FR 40267; August 14, 1991.
433--56 FR 41488; August 21, 1991.
442--56 FR 49649; September 30, 1991.
443--56 FR 49653; September 30, 1991.
444--56 FR 49658; September 30, 1991.
446--56 FR 54957; October 23, 1991.
447--56 FR 54967; October 23, 1991.
449--56 FR 56333; November 4, 1991.
454--56 FR 64723; December 12, 1991.
455--57 FR 213; January 3, 1992.
456--57 FR 594; January 7, 1992.
459--57 FR 13661; April 17, 1992.
462--57 FR 14790; April 22, 1992.
469--57 FR 21569; May 20, 1992.
472--57 FR 27858; June 22, 1992.
475--57 FR 28024; June 23, 1992.
477--57 FR 44340; September 25, 1992.
479--57 FR 45337; October 1, 1992.
483--57 FR 54726; November 20, 1992.
484--57 FR 59244; December 14, 1992.
485--57 FR 59257; December 14, 1992.
486--58 FR 4359; January 14, 1993.
487--58 FR 5657; January 22, 1993.
488--58 FR 5642; January 22, 1993.
489--58 FR 5946; January 25, 1993.
492--58 FR 12863; March 5, 1993.
493--58 FR 12874; March 5, 1993.
494--58 FR 14271; March 16, 1993.
495--58 FR 14339; March 17, 1993.
496--58 FR 16757; March 30, 1993.
499--58 FR 25746; April 27, 1993.
502--58 FR 25763; April 27, 1993.
503--58 FR 27480; May 10, 1993.
505--58 FR 34931; June 30, 1993.
[[Page 58]]
508--58 FR 40538; July 28, 1993.
512--58 FR 41391; August 3, 1993.
513--58 FR 43819; August 18, 1993.
514--58 FR 49874; September 23, 1993.
516--58 FR 49880; September 23, 1993.
517--58 FR 49887; September 23, 1993.
518--58 FR 49937; September 24, 1993.
520--58 FR 53804; October 18, 1993.
522--58 FR 54065; October 20, 1993.
525--58 FR 68486; December 27, 1993.
526--59 FR 5310; February 3, 1994.
527--59 FR 5498; February 4, 1994.
533--59 FR 10584; March 7, 1994.
534--59 FR 13836; March 23, 1994.
538--59 FR 17998; April 15, 1994.
539--59 FR 18327; April 18, 1994.
540--59 FR 31095; June 16, 1994.
543--59 FR 36995; July 20, 1994.
545--59 FR 42691; August 18, 1994.
546--59 FR 42711; August 18, 1994.
549--59 FR 46002; September 6, 1994.
550--59 FR 46715; September 9, 1994.
552--59 FR 48153; September 19, 1994.
554--59 FR 49764; September 29, 1994.
557--59 FR 54841; November 2, 1994.
561--59 FR 60264; November 22, 1994.
562--59 FR 60279; November 22, 1994.
563--59 FR 60334; November 23, 1994.
566--59 FR 63264; December 8, 1994.
567--59 FR 64623; December 15, 1994.
568--59 FR 64866; December 16, 1994.
569--59 FR 65512; December 20, 1994.
571--60 FR 2903; January 12, 1995.
573--60 FR 5273; January 26, 1995.
574--60 FR 5267; January 26, 1995.
576--60 FR 6974; February 6, 1995.
577--60 FR 10715; February 27, 1995.
579--60 FR 18947; April 13, 1995.
580--60 FR 36010; July 12, 1995.
582--61 FR 11332; March 20, 1996.
583--61 FR 25832; May 23, 1996.
585--61 FR 32366; June 24, 1996.
588--61 FR 48413; September 13, 1996.
597--61 FR 54056; October 16, 1996.
598--61 FR 59028; November 20, 1996.
600--62 FR 689; January 6, 1997.
602--62 FR 1657; January 10, 1997.
604--62 FR 2322; January 16, 1997.
605--62 FR 3628; January 24, 1997.
607--62 FR 4191; January 29, 1997.
608--62 FR 4939; February 3, 1997.
610--62 FR 10746; March 10, 1997.
612--62 FR 23392; April 30, 1997.
614--62 FR 30772; June 5, 1997.
616--62 FR 31757; June 11, 1997.
617--62 FR 31761; June 11, 1997.
618--62 FR 33038; June 18, 1997.
621--62 FR 38939; July 21, 1997.
622--62 FR 39157; July 22, 1997.
626--62 FR 59622; November 4, 1997.
628--62 FR 64320; December 5, 1997.
629--62 FR 66303; December 18, 1997.
630--63 FR 694; January 7, 1998.
631--63 FR 1763; January 12, 1998.
632--63 FR 3843; January 27, 1998.
633--63 FR 12687; March 16, 1998.
634--63 FR 13150; March 18, 1998.
636--63 FR 26530; May 13, 1998.
637--63 FR 31674; June 10, 1998.
638--63 FR 32997; June 17, 1998.
639--63 FR 42762; August 11, 1998.
642--63 FR 46909; September 3, 1998.
645--63 FR 51016; September 24, 1998.
646--63 FR 52837; October 1, 1998.
651--63 FR 57619; October 28, 1998.
653--63 FR 64799; November 23, 1998.
654--63 FR 69021; December 15, 1998.
655--63 FR 70062; December 18, 1998.
656--64 FR 5981; February 8, 1999.
658--64 FR 15704; April 1, 1999.
659--64 FR 17124; April 8, 1999.
660--64 FR 19308; April 20, 1999.
664--64 FR 41836; August 2, 1999.
665--64 FR 47134; August 30, 1999.
669--64 FR 56608; October 20, 1999.
670--64 FR 58932; November 1, 1999.
674--64 FR 72960; December 29, 1999.
675--65 FR 30; January 3, 2000.
676--65 FR 2357; January 14, 2000.
677--65 FR 3109; January 19, 2000.
679--65 FR 3890; January 25, 2000.
680--65 FR 4169; January 26, 2000.
682--65 FR 4779; February 1, 2000.
687--65 FR 8889; February 23, 2000.
688--65 FR 10039; February 25, 2000.
692--65 FR 16085; March 24, 2000.
693--65 FR 17786; April 5, 2000.
694--65 FR 19698; April 12, 2000.
695--65 FR 25879; May 4, 2000.
696--65 FR 20769; April 18, 2000.
697--65 FR 26461; May 5, 2000.
698--65 FR 26771; May 9, 2000.
700--65 FR 46654; July 31, 2000.
701--65 FR 51478; September 7, 2000.
702--65 FR 57264; September 21, 2000.
703--65 FR 60885; October 13, 2000.
705--65 FR 69481; November 17, 2000.
706--65 FR 69637; November 17, 2000.
707--65 FR 81433; December 26, 2000.
709--66 FR 32257; June 14, 2001.
710--66 FR 33915; June 26, 2001.
713--66 FR 50350; October 3, 2001.
714--66 FR 51339; October 9, 2001.
715--66 FR 59373; November 28, 2001.
716--66 FR 59545; November 29, 2001.
718--66 FR 63002; December 4, 2001.
719--66 FR 66811; December 27, 2001.
724--67 FR 37721; May 30, 2002.
725--70 FR 3459; January 24, 2005.
726--67 FR 40811; June 13, 2002.
728--67 FR 44392; July 2, 2002.
729--67 FR 47739; July 22, 2002.
730--67 FR 51129; August 7, 2002.
731--67 FR 52889; August 14, 2002.
732--67 FR 52426; August 12, 2002.
734--68 FR 13520; March 19, 2003.
735--68 FR 15872; April 1, 2003.
738--68 FR 43658; July 24, 2003.
740--69 FR 70190; December 17, 2003.
741--69 FR 3028; January 22, 2004.
743--70 FR 10485; March 4, 2005.
744--69 FR 47248; August 4, 2004.
745--70 FR 1285; January 6, 2005.
747--70 FR 17916; April 8, 2005.
[[Page 59]]
Editorial Note: 1. For Federal Register citations affecting the
table in Sec. 17.11(h), see the listing above.
Editorial Note: 2. For Federal Register citations affecting Sec.
17.11, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the
Finding Aids section of the printed volume and on GPO Access.
Effective Date Note: At 70 FR 52324, Sept. 2, 2005, Sec. 17.11(h)
was amended by removing the entries for ``Gazelle, Mhorr'' and
``Gazelle, Rio de Oro Dama'' under MAMMALS in the List of Endangered and
Threatened Wildlife; and by adding entries for ``Addax,'' ``Gazelle,
dama,'' and ``Oryx, scimitar-horned,'' in alphabetical order under
MAMMALS, to the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife, effective
Oct. 3, 2005. For the convenience of the user the added text is set
forth as follows:
Sec. 17.11 Endangered and threatened wildlife.
* * * * *
(h) * * *
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Species Vertebrate population
------------------------------------------------------------ Historic range where endangered or Status When Critical Special
Common name Scientific name threatened listed habitat rules
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mammals
Addax.............................. Addax nasomaculatus... North Africa.......... Entire................ E NA NA
* * * * * * *
Gazelle, dama...................... Gazella dama.......... North Africa.......... Entire................ E 3 NA NA
* * * * * * *
Oryx, scimitar-horned.............. Oryx dammah........... North Africa.......... Entire................ E NA NA
* * * * * * *
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 17.12 Endangered and threatened plants.
(a) The list in this section contains the names of all species of
plants which have been determined by the Services to be Endangered or
Threatened. It also contains the names of species of plants treated as
Endangered or Threatened because they are sufficiently similar in
appearance to Endangered or Threatened species (see Sec. 17.50 et
seq.).
(b) The columns entitled ``Scientific name'' and ``Common name''
define the species of plant within the meaning of the Act. Although
common names are included, they cannot be relied upon for identification
of any specimen, since they may vary greatly in local usage. The
Services shall use the most recently accepted scientific name. In cases
in which confusion might arise, a synonym(s) will be provided in
parentheses. The Services shall rely to the extent practicable on the
International Code of Botanical Nomenclature.
(c) In the ``Status'' column the following symbols are used: ``E''
for Endangered, ``T'' for Threatened, and ``E [or T] (S/A)'' for
similarity of appearance species.
(d) The other data in the list are nonregulatory in nature and are
provided for the information of the reader. In the annual revision and
compilation of this title, the following information may be amended
without public notice: the spelling of species' names, historical range,
footnotes, references to certain other applicable portions of this
title, synonyms, and more current names. In any of these revised
entries, neither the species, as defined in paragraph (b) of this
section, nor its status may be changed without following the procedures
of part 424 of this title.
(e) The ``Historic range'' indicates the known general distribution
of the species or subspecies as reported in the current scientific
literature. The present distribution may be greatly reduced from this
historic range. This column does not imply any limitation on the
application of the prohibitions in the Act or implementing rules. Such
prohibitions apply to all individuals of the plant species, wherever
found.
(f)(1) A footnote to the Federal Register publication(s) listing or
reclassifying a species is indicated under the column ``When listed.''
Footnote numbers to Sec. Sec. 17.11 and 17.12 are in the same
[[Page 60]]
numerical sequence, since plants and animals may be listed in the same
Federal Register document. That document, at least since 1973, includes
a statement indicating the basis for the listing, as well as the
effective date(s) of said listing.
(2) The ``Special rules'' and ``Critical habitat'' columns provide a
cross reference to other sections in parts 17, 222, 226, or 227. The
``Special rules'' column will also be used to cite the special rules
which describe experimental populations and determine if they are
essential or nonessential. Separate listings will be made for
experimental populations, and the status column will include the
following symbols: ``XE'' for an essential experimental population and
``XN'' for a nonessential experimental population. The term ``NA'' (not
applicable) appearing in either of these two columns indicates that
there are no special rules and/or critical habitat for that particular
species. However, all other appropriate rules in parts 17, 217 through
227, and 402 still apply to that species. In addition, there may be
other rules in this title that relate to such plants, e.g., port-of-
entry requirements. It is not intended that the references in the
``Special rules'' column list all the regulations of the two Services
which might apply to the species or to the regulations of other Federal
agencies or State or local governments.
(g) The listing of a particular taxon includes all lower taxonomic
units (see Sec. 17.11(g) for examples).
(h) The ``List of Endangered and Threatened Plants'' is provided
below:
[[Page 61]]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Species
---------------------------------------------------------- Historic range Family Status When Critical habitat Special
Scientific name Common name listed rules
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Flowering Plants
Abronia macrocarpa................ Large-fruited sand- U.S.A. (TX).......... Nyctaginaceae........ E 331 NA NA
verbena.
Abutilon eremitopetalum........... None................. U.S.A. (HI).......... Malvaceae............ E 435 NA NA
Abutilon menziesii................ Ko`oloa`ula.......... ......do............. ......do............. E 243 NA NA
Abutilon sandwicense.............. None................. ......do............. ......do............. E 448 17.99(i) NA
Acaena exigua..................... Liliwai.............. ......do............. Rosaceae............. E 467 NA NA
Acanthomintha ilicifolia.......... San Diego thornmint.. U.S.A. (CA), Mexico.. Lamiaceae............ T 649 NA NA
Acanthomintha obovata ssp. San Mateo thornmint.. U.S.A. (CA).......... ......do............. E 204 NA NA
duttonii.
Achyranthes mutica................ None................. U.S.A (HI)........... Amaranthaceae........ E 592 17.99(k) NA
Achyranthes splendens var. Round-leaved chaff- ......do............. ......do............. E 220 NA NA
rotundata. flower.
Aconitum noveboracense............ Northern wild U.S.A. (IA, NY, OH, Ranunculaceae........ T 39 NA NA
monkshood. WI).
Aeschynomene virginica............ Sensitive joint-vetch U.S.A. (DE, MD, NC, Fabaceae............. T 470 NA NA
NJ, PA, VA).
Agalinis acuta.................... Sandplain gerardia... U.S.A. (CT, MA, MD, Scrophulariaceae..... E 325 NA NA
NY, RI).
Agave arizonica................... Arizona agave........ U.S.A. (AZ).......... Agavaceae............ E 147 NA NA
Alectryon macrococcus............. Mahoe................ U.S.A. (HI).......... Sapindaceae.......... E 467 17.99(a)(1), (c), NA
(e)(1), and (i)
Allium munzii..................... Munz's onion......... U.S.A. (CA).......... Liliaceae-Lily....... E 650 17.96(a) NA
Alopecurus aequalis var. Sonoma alopecurus.... ......do............. Poaceae.............. E 625 NA NA
sonomensis.
Alsinidendron lychnoides.......... Kuawawaenohu......... U.S.A. (HI).......... Caryophyllaceae...... E 590 17.99(a)(1) NA
Alsinidendron obovatum............ None................. ......do............. ......do............. E 448 17.99(i) NA
Alsinidendron trinerve............ ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 448 17.99(i) NA
Alsinidendron viscosum............ ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 590 17.99(a)(1) NA
Amaranthus brownii................ ......do............. ......do............. Amaranthaceae........ E 587 17.99(g) NA
Amaranthus pumilus................ Seabeach amaranth.... U.S.A. (DE, MA, MD, ......do............. T 498 NA NA
NC, NJ, NY, RI, SC,
VA).
Ambrosia cheiranthifolia.......... South Texas ambrosia. U.S.A. (TX).......... Asteraceae........... E 547 NA NA
Ambrosia pumila................... San Diego ambrosia... U.S.A. (CA) Mexico... ......do............. E 727 NA NA
Amorpha crenulata................. Crenulate lead-plant. U.S.A. (FL).......... Fabaceae............. E 192 NA NA
Amphianthus pusillus.............. Little amphianthus... U.S.A. (AL, GA, SC).. Scrophulariaceae..... T 302 NA NA
Amsinckia grandiflora............. Large-flowered U.S.A. (CA).......... Boraginaceae......... E 179 17.96(a) NA
fiddleneck.
Amsonia kearneyana................ Kearney's blue-star.. U.S.A. (AZ).......... Apocynaceae.......... E 343 NA NA
Ancistrocactus tobuschii.......... Tobusch fishhook U.S.A. (TX).......... Cactaceae............ E 80 NA NA
cactus.
Apios priceana.................... Price's potato-bean.. U.S.A. (AL, IL, KY, Fabaceae............. T 373 NA NA
MS, TN).
Arabis hoffmannii................. Hoffmann's rock-cress U.S.A. (CA).......... Brassicaceae......... E 623 NA NA
Arabis mcdonaldiana............... McDonald's rock-cress ......do............. ......do............. E 44 NA NA
Arabis perstellata................ Braun's Rock-cress... U.S.A. (KY, TN)...... ......do............. E 570 17.96(a) NA
Arabis serotina................... Shale barren rock- U.S.A. (VA, WV)...... ......do............. E 352 NA NA
cress.
Arctomecon humilis................ Dwarf bear-poppy..... U.S.A. (UT).......... Papaveraceae......... E 78 NA NA
Arctostaphylos confertiflora...... Santa Rosa Island U.S.A. (CA).......... Ericaceae............ E 623 NA NA
manzanita.
Arctostaphylos glandulosa ssp. Del Mar manzanita.... U.S.A. (CA), Mexico.. ......do............. E 589 NA NA
crassifolia.
[[Page 62]]
Arctostaphylos hookeri var. Presidio manzanita... U.S.A. (CA).......... ......do............. E 65 NA NA
ravenii.
Arctostaphylos morroensis......... Morro manzanita...... ......do............. ......do............. T 567 NA NA
Arctostaphylos myrtifolia......... Ione manzanita....... ......do............. ......do............. T 661 NA NA
Arctostaphylos pallida............ Pallid manzanita..... ......do............. ......do............. T 635 NA NA
Arenaria cumberlandensis.......... Cumberland sandwort.. U.S.A. (KY, TN)...... Caryophyllaceae...... E 311 NA NA
Arenaria paludicola............... Marsh sandwort....... U.S.A. (CA,OR,WA).... ......do............. E 511 NA NA
Arenaria ursina................... Bear Valley sandwort. U.S.A. (CA).......... ......do............. T 644 NA NA
Argemone pleiacantha ssp. Sacramento prickly- U.S.A. (NM).......... Papaveraceae......... E 360 NA NA
pinnatisecta. poppy.
Argyroxiphium kauense............. Mauna Loa silversword U.S.A. (HI).......... Asteraceae........... E 497 17.99(k) NA
Argyroxiphium sandwicense ssp. `Ahinahina........... ......do............. ......do............. T 467 17.99(e)(1) NA
macrocephalum.
Argyroxiphium sandwicense ssp. `Ahinahina........... ......do............. ......do............. E 219 NA NA
sandwicense.
Aristida chaseae.................. None................. U.S.A. (PR).......... Poaceae.............. E 501 NA NA
Aristida portoricensis............ Pelos del diablo..... ......do............. ......do............. E 398 NA NA
Asclepias meadii.................. Mead's milkweed...... U.S.A. (IA, IL, IN, Asclepiadaceae....... T 321 NA NA
KS, MO, WI).
Asclepias welshii................. Welsh's milkweed..... U.S.A. (AZ, UT)...... ......do............. T 295 17.96(a) NA
Asimina tetramera................. Four-petal pawpaw.... U.S.A. (FL).......... Annonaceae........... E 244 NA NA
Astragalus albens................. Cushenbury milk-vetch U.S.A. (CA).......... Fabaceae............. E 548 17.96(a) NA
Astragalus ampullarioides......... Shivwits milk-vetch.. U.S.A. (UT).......... ......do............. E 711 NA NA
Astragalus applegatei............. Applegate's milk- U.S.A. (OR).......... ......do............. E 510 NA NA
vetch.
Astragalus bibullatus............. Guthrie's (=Pyne's) U.S.A. (TN).......... ......do............. E 437 NA NA
ground-plum.
Astragalus brauntonii............. Braunton's milk-vetch U.S.A. (CA).......... ......do............. E 606 NA NA
Astragalus clarianus.............. Clara Hunt's milk- ......do............. ......do............. E 625 NA NA
vetch.
Astragalus cremnophylax var. Sentry milk-vetch.... U.S.A. (AZ).......... ......do............. E 409 NA NA
cremnophylax.
Astragalus desereticus............ Deseret milk-vetch... U.S.A. (UT).......... ......do............. T 668 NA NA
Astragalus holmgreniorum.......... Holmgren milk-vetch.. U.S.A. (AZ, UT)...... ......do............. E 711 NA NA
Astragalus humillimus............. Mancos milk-vetch.... U.S.A. (CO, NM)...... ......do............. E 187 NA NA
Astragalus jaegerianus............ Lane Mountain milk- U.S.A. (CA).......... Fabaceae--Pea........ E 647 17.96(a) NA
vetch.
Astragalus lentiginosus var. Coachella Valley milk- ......do............. Fabaceae............. E 647 NA NA
coachellae. vetch.
Astragalus lentiginosus var. Fish Slough milk- ......do............. ......do............. T 647 17.96(a) NA
piscinensis. vetch.
Astragalaus magdalenae var. Peirson's milk-vetch. ......do............. Fabaceae--Pea........ T 647 17.96(a) NA
peirsonii.
Astragalus montii................. Heliotrope milk-vetch U.S.A. (UT).......... Fabaceae............. T 298 17.96(a) NA
Astragalus osterhoutii............ Osterhout milk-vetch. U.S.A. (CO).......... ......do............. E 353 NA NA
Astragalus phoenix................ Ash Meadows milk- U.S.A. (NV).......... ......do............. T 181 17.96(a) NA
vetch.
Astragalus pycnostachyus var. Ventura Marsh milk- U.S.A. (CA).......... Fabaceae--Pea Family. E 708 17.96(a) NA
lanosissimus. vetch.
Astragalus robbinsii var. jesupi.. Jesup's milk-vetch... U.S.A. (NH, VT)...... Fabaceae............. E 271 NA NA
Astragalus tener var. titi........ Coastal dunes milk- U.S.A. (CA).......... ......do............. E 640 NA NA
vetch.
[[Page 63]]
Astragalus tricarinatus........... Triple-ribbed milk- ......do............. ......do............. E 647 NA NA
vetch.
Astrophytum asterias.............. Star cactus.......... U.S.A. (TX), Mexico.. Cactaceae............ E 521 NA NA
Atriplex coronata var. notatior... San Jacinto Valley U.S.A. (CA).......... Chenopodiaceae....... E 650 NA NA
crownscale.
Auerodendron pauciflorum.......... None................. U.S.A. (PR).......... Rhamnaceae........... E 531 NA NA
Ayenia limitaris.................. Texas ayenia......... U.S.A. (TX), Mexico.. Sterculiaceae........ E 547 NA NA
Baccharis vanessae................ Encinitas baccharis.. U.S.A. (CA).......... Asteraceae........... T 589 NA NA
Banara vanderbiltii............... Palo de Ram[oacute]n. U.S.A. (PR).......... Flacourtiaceae....... E 255 NA NA
Baptisia arachnifera.............. Hairy rattleweed..... U.S.A. (GA).......... Fabaceae............. E 39 NA NA
Berberis nevinii.................. Nevin's barberry..... U.S.A. (CA).......... Berberidaceae........ E 648 NA NA
Berberis pinnata ssp. insularis... Island barberry...... ......do............. ......do............. E 623 NA NA
Betula uber....................... Virginia round-leaf U.S.A. (VA).......... Betulaceae........... T 39, 560 NA NA
birch.
Bidens micrantha ssp. kalealaha... Kookoolau............ U.S.A. (HI).......... Asteraceae........... E 467 17.96(b) and NA
17.99(e)(1)
Bidens wiebkei.................... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 480 17.99(c) NA
Blennosperma bakeri............... Sonoma sunshine...... U.S.A. (CA).......... ......do............. E 453 NA NA
Boltonia decurrens................ Decurrent false aster U.S.A. (IL, MO)...... ......do............. T 341 NA NA
Bonamia grandiflora............... Florida bonamia...... U.S.A. (FL).......... Convolvulaceae....... T 297 NA NA
Bonamia menziesii................. None................. U.S.A. (HI).......... ......do............. E 559 17.99(a)(1), NA
(e)(1), (i), and
(k)
Brighamia insignis................ Olulu................ ......do............. Campanulaceae........ E 530 17.99(a)(1) and NA
(a)(2)
Brighamia rockii.................. Pua ala.............. ......do............. ......do............. E 480 17.99(c) and NA
(e)(1)
Brodiaea filifolia................ Thread-leaved U.S.A. (CA).......... Liliaceae............ T 650 NA NA
brodiaea.
Brodiaea pallida.................. Chinese Camp brodiaea ......do............. ......do............. T 643 NA NA
Buxus vahlii...................... Vahl's boxwood....... U.S.A. (PR, VI)...... Buxaceae............. E 197 NA NA
Caesalpinia kavaiense............. Uhiuhi............... U.S.A. (HI).......... Fabaceae............. E 238 NA NA
Callicarpa ampla.................. Cap[aacute] rosa..... U.S.A. (PR).......... Verbenaceae.......... E 461 NA NA
Callirhoe scabriuscula............ Texas poppy-mallow... U.S.A. (TX).......... Malvaceae............ E 109, 112 NA NA
Calochortus tiburonensis.......... Tiburon mariposa lily U.S.A. (CA).......... Liliaceae............ T 575 NA NA
Calyptranthes thomasiana.......... None................. U.S.A. (PR, VI) Myrtaceae............ E 529 NA NA
British VI.
Calyptridium pulchellum........... Mariposa pussypaws... U.S.A. (CA).......... Portulacaceae........ T 643 NA NA
Calyptronoma rivalis.............. Palma de manaca...... U.S.A. (PR).......... Arecaceae............ T 375 NA NA
Calystegia stebbinsii............. Stebbins' morning- U.S.A. (CA).......... Convolvulaceae....... E 596 NA NA
glory.
Camissonia benitensis............. San Benito evening- ......do............. Onagraceae........... T 172 NA NA
primrose.
Campanula robinsiae............... Brooksville U.S.A. (FL).......... Campanulaceae........ E 356 NA NA
bellflower.
Canavalia molokaiensis............ Awikiwiki............ U.S.A. (HI).......... Fabaceae............. E 480 17.99(c) NA
Cardamine micranthera............. Small-anthered U.S.A. (NC, VA)...... Brassicaceae......... E 363 NA NA
bittercress.
Carex albida...................... White sedge.......... U.S.A. (CA).......... Cyperaceae........... E 625 NA NA
Carex lutea....................... Golden sedge......... U.S.A. (NC).......... ......do............. E 721 NA NA
Carex specuicola.................. Navajo sedge......... U.S.A. (AZ, UT)...... ......do............. T 178 17.96(a) NA
Castilleja affinis ssp. neglecta.. Tiburon paintbrush... U.S.A. (CA).......... Scrophulariaceae..... E 575 NA NA
Castilleja campestris ssp. Fleshy owl's-clover.. ......do............. ......do............. T 611 17.97 NA
succulenta.
Castilleja cinerea................ Ash-gray Indian ......do............. ......do............. T 643 NA NA
paintbrush.
Castilleja grisea................. San Clemente Island ......do............. ......do............. E 26 NA NA
Indian paintbrush.
Castilleja levisecta.............. Golden paintbrush.... U.S.A. (OR, WA), ......do............. T 615 NA NA
Canada (B.C.).
Castilleja mollis................. Soft-leaved U.S.A. (CA).......... ......do............. E 623 NA NA
paintbrush.
[[Page 64]]
Catesbaea melanocarpa............. None................. U.S.A. (PR, VI), Rubiaceae............ E 657 NA NA
Antigua, Barbuda,
Guadalupe.
Caulanthus californicus........... California U.S.A. (CA).......... Brassicaceae......... E 395 NA NA
jewelflower.
Ceanothus ferrisae................ Coyote ceanothus..... ......do............. Rhamnaceae........... E 575 NA NA
Ceanothus ophiochilus............. Vail Lake ceanothus.. ......do............. ......do............. T 648 NA NA
Ceanothus roderickii.............. Pine Hill ceanothus.. ......do............. ......do............. E 596 NA NA
Cenchrus agrimonioides............ Kamanomano........... U.S.A. (HI).......... Poaceae.............. E 592 17.99(e)(1) and NA
(i)
Centaurium namophilum............. Spring-loving U.S.A. (CA, NV)...... Gentianaceae......... T 181 17.96(a) NA
centaury.
Centaurium sebaeoides............. Awiwi................ U.S.A. (HI).......... ......do............. E 448 17.99(a)(1), (c), NA
(e)(1), and (i)
Cercocarpus traskiae.............. Catalina Island U.S.A. (CA).......... Rosaceae............. E 624 NA NA
mountain-mahogany.
Cereus eriophorus var. fragrans... Fragrant prickly- U.S.A. (FL).......... Cactaceae............ E 208 NA NA
apple.
Chamaecrista glandulosa var. None................. U.S.A. (PR).......... Fabaceae............. E 379 NA NA
mirabilis.
Chamaesyce celastroides var. Akoko................ U.S.A. (HI).......... Euphorbiaceae........ E 448 17.99(i) NA
kaenana.
Chamaesyce deltoidea ssp. Deltoid spurge....... U.S.A. (FL).......... ......do............. E 192 NA NA
deltoidea.
Chamaesyce deppeana............... Akoko................ U.S.A. (HI).......... ......do............. E 536 17.99(i) NA
Chamaesyce garberi................ Garber's spurge...... U.S.A. (FL).......... ......do............. T 192 NA NA
Chamaesyce halemanui.............. None................. U.S.A. (HI).......... ......do............. E 464 17.99(a)(1) NA
Chamaesyce herbstii............... Akoko................ ......do............. ......do............. E 591 17.99(i) NA
Chamaesyce hooveri................ Hoover's spurge...... U.S.A. (CA).......... ......do............. T 611 17.97 NA
Chamaesyce kuwaleana.............. Akoko................ U.S.A. (HI).......... ......do............. E 448 17.99(i) NA
Chamaesyce rockii................. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 591 17.99(i) NA
Chamaesyce skottsbergii var. `Ewa Plains `akoko... ......do............. ......do............. E 120 NA NA
kalaeloana.
Chionanthus pygmaeus.............. Pygmy fringe-tree.... U.S.A. (FL).......... Oleaceae............. E 256 NA NA
Chlorogalum purpureum............. Purple amole (Camatta U.S.A. (CA).......... Liliaceae--Lily...... T 689 17.96(a) NA
Canyon amole).
Chorizanthe howellii.............. Howell's spineflower. ......do............. Polygonaceae......... E 472 NA NA
Chorizanthe orcuttiana............ Orcutt's spineflower. ......do............. ......do............. E 589 NA NA
Chorizanthe pungens var. Ben Lomond ......do............. ......do............. E 528 NA NA
hartwegiana. spineflower.
Chorizanthe pungens var. pungens.. Monterey Spineflower. ......do............. Polygonaceae--Buckwhe T 528 17.96(a) NA
at.
Chorizanthe robusta var. hartwegii Scotts Valley ......do............. ......do............. E 528 17.96(a) NA
spineflower.
Chorizanthe robusta var. robusta.. Robust Spineflower... ......do............. ......do............. E 528 17.96(b) NA
Chorizanthe valida................ Sonoma spineflower... ......do............. Polygonaceae......... E 472 NA NA
Chrysopsis floridana.............. Florida golden aster. U.S.A. (FL).......... Asteraceae........... E 232 NA NA
Cirsium fontinale var. fontinale.. Fountain thistle..... U.S.A. (CA).......... ......do............. E 575 NA NA
Cirsium fontinale var. obispoense. Chorro Creek bog ......do............. ......do............. E 567 NA NA
thistle.
Cirsium hydrophilum var. Suisun thistle....... ......do............. ......do............. E 627 NA NA
hydrophilum.
[[Page 65]]
Cirsium loncholepis............... La Graciosa thistle.. ......do............. Asteraceae--Sunflower E 691 17.96(a) NA
Cirsium pitcheri.................. Pitcher's thistle.... U.S.A. (IL, IN, MI, Asteraceae........... T 315 NA NA
WI), Canada (Ont.).
Cirsium vinaceum.................. Sacramento Mountains U.S.A. (NM).......... ......do............. T 276 NA NA
thistle.
Clarkia franciscana............... Presidio clarkia..... U.S.A. (CA).......... Onagraceae........... E 575 NA NA
Clarkia imbricata................. Vine Hill clarkia.... ......do............. ......do............. E 625 NA NA
Clarkia speciosa ssp. immaculata.. Pismo clarkia........ ......do............. ......do............. E 567 NA NA
Clarkia springvillensis........... Springville clarkia.. ......do............. ......do............. T 643 NA NA
Clematis morefieldii.............. Morefield's leather- U.S.A. (AL).......... Ranunculaceae........ E 468 NA NA
flower.
Clematis socialis................. Alabama leather- ......do............. ......do............. E 245 NA NA
flower.
Clermontia drepanomorpha.......... Oha wai.............. U.S.A. (HI).......... Campanulaceae........ E 595 17.99(k) NA
Clermontia lindseyana............. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 532 17.99(e)(1) and NA
(k)
Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. Oha wai.............. ......do............. ......do............. E 480 17.99(c) NA
brevipes.
Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 467 17.99(e)(1) NA
mauiensis
Clermontia peleana................ ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 532 17.99(k) NA
Clermontia pyrularia.............. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 532 17.99(k) NA
Clermontia samuelii............... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 666 17.99(e)(1) NA
Clitoria fragrans................. Pigeon wings......... U.S.A. (FL).......... Fabaceae............. T 500 NA NA
Colubrina oppositifolia........... Kauila............... U.S.A. (HI).......... Rhamnaceae........... E 532 17.99(e)(1), (i), NA
and (k)
Conradina brevifolia.............. Short-leaved rosemary U.S.A. (FL).......... Lamiaceae............ E 507 NA NA
Conradina etonia.................. Etonia rosemary...... ......do............. ......do............. E 507 NA NA
Conradina glabra.................. Apalachicola rosemary ......do............. ......do............. E 507 NA NA
Conradina verticillata............ Cumberland rosemary.. U.S.A. (KY, TN)...... ......do............. T 452 NA NA
Cordia bellonis................... None................. U.S.A. (PR).......... Boraginaceae......... E 601 NA NA
Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. Salt marsh bird's- U.S.A. (CA), Mexico Scrophulariaceae..... E 44 NA NA
maritimus. beak. (Baja California).
Cordylanthus mollis ssp. mollis... Soft bird's-beak..... U.S.A. (CA).......... ......do............. E 627 NA NA
Cordylanthus palmatus............. Palmate-bracted ......do............. ......do............. E 235 NA NA
bird's-beak.
Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. Pennell's bird's-beak ......do............. ......do............. E 575 NA NA
capillaris.
Cornutia obovata.................. Palo de nigua........ U.S.A. (PR).......... Verbenaceae.......... E 307 NA NA
Coryphantha minima................ Nellie cory cactus... U.S.A. (TX).......... Cactaceae............ E 81 NA NA
Coryphantha ramillosa............. Bunched cory cactus.. U.S.A. (TX), Mexico ......do............. T 77 NA NA
(Coahuila).
Coryphantha robbinsorum........... Cochise pincushion U.S.A. (AZ), Mexico ......do............. T 214 NA NA
cactus. (Sonora).
Coryphantha scheeri var. Pima pineapple cactus ......do............. ......do............. E 515 NA NA
robustispina.
Coryphantha sneedii var. leei..... Lee pincushion cactus U.S.A. (NM).......... ......do............. T 61 NA NA
Coryphantha sneedii var. sneedii.. Sneed pincushion U.S.A. (NM, TX)...... ......do............. E 82 NA NA
cactus.
Cranichis ricartii................ None................. U.S.A. (PR).......... Orchidaceae.......... E 451 NA NA
Crescentia portoricensis.......... Higuero de Sierra.... ......do............. Bignoniaceae......... E 301 NA NA
Crotalaria avonensis.............. Avon Park harebells.. U.S.A. (FL).......... Fabaceae............. E 500 NA NA
Cryptantha crassipes.............. Terlingua Creek cats- U.S.A. (TX).......... Boraginaceae......... E 439 NA NA
eye.
Cucurbita okeechobeensis ssp. Okeechobee gourd..... U.S.A. (FL).......... Cucurbitaceae........ E 507 NA NA
okeechobeensis.
Cyanea acuminata.................. HaHa................. U.S.A. (HI).......... Campanulaceae........ E 591 17.99(i) NA
Cyanea asarifolia................. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 530 17.99(a)(1) NA
[[Page 66]]
Cyanea copelandii ssp. copelandii. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 532 NA NA
Cyanea copelandii ssp. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 666 17.99(e)(1) NA
haleakalaensis
Cyanea (=Rollandia) crispa........ None................. ......do............. ......do............. E 536 17.99(i) NA
Cyanea dunbarii................... Haha................. ......do............. ......do............. E 594 17.99(c) NA
Cyanea glabra..................... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 666 17.99(e)(1) NA
Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 592 17.99(c), (e)(1), NA
and (i)
Cyanea grimesiana ssp. obatae..... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 541 17.99(i) NA
Cyanea hamatiflora ssp. carlsonii. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 532 17.99(k) NA
Cyanea hamatiflora ssp. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 666 17.99(e)(1) NA
hamatiflora
Cyanea humboltiana................ ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 591 17.99(i) NA
Cyanea koolauensis................ ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 591 17.99(i) NA
Cyanea lobata..................... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 467 17.99(e)(1) NA
Cyanea longiflora................. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 591 17.99(i) NA
Cyanea macrostegia ssp. gibsonii.. None................. ......do............. ......do............. E 435 NA NA
Cyanea mannii..................... Haha................. ......do............. ......do............. E 480 17.99(c) NA
Cyanea mceldowneyi................ ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 467 17.99(e)(1) NA
Cyanea pinnatifida................ ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 448 17.99(i) NA
Cyanea platyphylla................ ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 595 17.99(k) NA
Cyanea procera.................... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 480 17.99(c) NA
Cyanea recta...................... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. T 590 17.99(a)(1) NA
Cyanea remyi...................... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 590 17.99(a)(1) NA
Cyanea shipmanii.................. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 532 17.99(k) NA
Cyanea st.-johnii................. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 591 17.99(i) NA
Cyanea stictophylla............... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 532 17.99(k) NA
Cyanea superba.................... None................. ......do............. ......do............. E 434 17.99(i) NA
Cyanea truncata................... Haha................. ......do............. ......do............. E 536 17.99(i) NA
Cyanea undulata................... None................. ......do............. ......do............. E 436 17.99(a)(1) NA
Cycladenia humilis var. jonesii... Jones cycladenia..... U.S.A. (AZ, UT)...... Apocynaceae.......... T 229 NA NA
Cyperus trachysanthos............. Puukaa............... U.S.A. (HI).......... Cyperaceae........... E 592 17.99(a)(1) and NA
(i)
Cyrtandra crenata................. Ha`iwale............. ......do............. Gesneriaceae......... E 536 NA NA
Cyrtandra cyaneoides.............. Mapele............... ......do............. ......do............. E 590 17.99(a)(1) NA
Cyrtandra dentata................. Haiwale.............. ......do............. ......do............. E 591 17.99(i) NA
Cyrtandra giffardii............... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 532 17.99(k) NA
Cyrtandra limahuliensis........... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. T 530 17.99(a)(1) NA
Cyrtandra munroi.................. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 467 17.99(e)(1) NA
Cyrtandra polyantha............... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 536 17.99(i) NA
Cyrtandra subumbellata............ ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 591 17.99(i) NA
Cyrtandra tintinnabula............ ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 532 17.99(k) NA
Cyrtandra viridiflora............. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 591 17.99(i) NA
Dalea foliosa..................... Leafy prairie-clover. U.S.A. (AL, IL, TN).. Fabaceae............. E 422 NA NA
Daphnopsis hellerana.............. None................. U.S.A. (PR).......... Thymelaeaceae........ E 309 NA NA
[[Page 67]]
Deeringothamnus pulchellus........ Beautiful pawpaw..... U.S.A. (FL).......... Annonaceae........... E 244 NA NA
Deeringothamnus rugelii........... Rugel's pawpaw....... ......do............. ......do............. E 244 NA NA
Deinandra (=Hemizonia) conjugens.. Otay tarplant........ U.S.A. (CA), Mexico.. Asteraceae--Sunflower T 649 17.96(a) NA
Deinandra increscens ssp. villosa. Gaviota tarplant..... U.S.A. (CA).......... Asteraceae--Sunflower E 691 17.96(a) NA
Delissea rhytidosperma............ None................. U.S.A. (HI).......... Campanulaceae........ E 530 17.99(a)(1) NA
Delissea rivularis................ Oha.................. ......do............. ......do............. E 590 17.99(a)(1) NA
Delissea subcordata............... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 591 17.99(i) NA
Delissea undulata................. None................. ......do............. ......do............. E 593 17.99(a)(1) and NA
(k)
Delphinium bakeri................. Baker's larkspur..... U.S.A. (CA).......... Ranunculaceae........ E 681 17.96(a) NA
Delphinium luteum................. Yellow larkspur...... ......do............. ......do............. E 681 17.96(a) NA
Delphinium variegatum ssp. San Clemente Island ......do............. ......do............. E 26 NA NA
kinkiense. larkspur.
Dicerandra christmanii............ Garrett's mint....... U.S.A. (FL).......... Lamiaceae............ E 207, 362 NA NA
Dicerandra cornutissima........... Longspurred mint..... ......do............. ......do............. E 207 NA NA
Dicerandra frutescens............. Scrub mint........... ......do............. ......do............. E 207, 362 NA NA
Dicerandra immaculata............. Lakela's mint........ ......do............. ......do............. E 180 NA NA
Dodecahema leptoceras............. Slender-horned U.S.A. (CA).......... Polygonaceae......... E 291 NA NA
spineflower.
Dubautia herbstobatae............. Naenae............... U.S.A. (HI).......... Asteraceae........... E 448 17.99(i) NA
Dubautia latifolia................ ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 464 17.99(a)(1) NA
Dubautia pauciflorula............. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 436 17.99(a)(1) NA
Dubautia plantaginea ssp. humilis. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 666 17.99(e)(1) NA
Dudleya abramsii ssp. parva....... Conejo dudleya....... U.S.A. (CA).......... Crassulaceae......... T 606 NA NA
Dudleya cymosa ssp. marcescens.... Marcescent dudleya... ......do............. ......do............. T 606 NA NA
Dudleya cymosa ssp. ovatifolia.... Santa Monica ......do............. ......do............. T 606 NA NA
Mountains dudleya.
Dudleya nesiotica................. Santa Cruz Island ......do............. ......do............. T 623 NA NA
dudleya.
Dudleya setchellii................ Santa Clara Valley ......do............. ......do............. E 575 NA NA
dudleya.
Dudleya stolonifera............... Laguna Beach ......do............. ......do............. T 649 NA NA
liveforever.
Dudleya traskiae.................. Santa Barbara Island ......do............. ......do............. E 39 NA NA
liveforever.
Dudleya verityi................... Verity's dudleya..... ......do............. ......do............. T 606 NA NA
Echinacea laevigata............... Smooth coneflower.... U.S.A. (GA, MD, NC, Asteraceae........... E 481 NA NA
PA, SC, VA).
Echinacea tennesseensis........... Tennessee purple U.S.A. (TN).......... ......do............. E 49 NA NA
coneflower.
Echinocactus horizonthalonius var. Nichol's Turk's head U.S.A. (AZ).......... Cactaceae............ E 71 NA NA
nicholii. cactus.
Echinocereus chisoensis var. Chisos Mountain U.S.A. (TX).......... ......do............. T 335 NA NA
chisoensis. hedgehog cactus.
Echinocereus fendleri var. Kuenzler hedgehog U.S.A. (NM).......... ......do............. E 70 NA NA
kuenzleri. cactus.
Echinocereus reichenbachii var. Black lace cactus.... U.S.A. (TX).......... ......do............. E 68 NA NA
albertii.
Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. Arizona hedgehog U.S.A. (AZ).......... ......do............. E 62 NA NA
arizonicus. cactus.
Echinocereus viridiflorus var. Davis' green pitaya.. U.S.A. (TX).......... ......do............. E 81 NA NA
davisii.
[[Page 68]]
Echinomastus mariposensis......... Lloyd's Mariposa U.S.A. (TX), Mexico ......do............. T 77 NA NA
cactus. (Coahuila).
Enceliopsis nudicaulis var. Ash Meadows sunray... U.S.A. (NV).......... Asteraceae........... T 181 17.96(a) NA
corrugata.
Eragrostis fosbergii.............. Fosberg's love grass. U.S.A. (HI).......... Poaceae.............. E 591 17.99(i) NA
Eremalche kernensis............... Kern mallow.......... U.S.A. (CA).......... Malvaceae............ E 395 NA NA
Eriastrum densifolium ssp. Santa Ana River ......do............. Polemoniaceae........ E 291 NA NA
sanctorum. woolly-star.
Erigeron decumbens var. decumbens. Willamette daisy..... U.S.A. (OR).......... Asteraceae........... E 679 NA NA
Erigeron maguirei................. Maguire daisy........ U.S.A. (UT).......... ......do............. T 202, 584 NA NA
Erigeron parishii................. Parish's daisy....... U.S.A. (CA).......... ......do............. T 548 17.96(a) NA
Erigeron rhizomatus............... Zuni fleabane........ U.S.A. (NM).......... ......do............. T 177 NA NA
Eriodictyon altissimum............ Indian Knob mountain U.S.A. (CA).......... Hydrophyllaceae...... E 567 NA NA
balm.
Eriodictyon capitatum............. Lompoc yerba santa... ......do............. Hydrophyllaceae--Wate E 691 17.96(a) NA
rleaf.
Eriogonum apricum (incl. var. Ione (incl. Irish ......do............. Polygonaceae......... E 661 NA NA
prostratum). Hill) buckwheat.
Eriogonum gypsophilum............. Gypsum wild-buckwheat U.S.A. (NM).......... ......do............. T 110, 112 17.96(a) NA
Eriogonum kennedyi var. Southern mountain U.S.A. (CA).......... ......do............. T 644 NA NA
austromontanum. wild-buckwheat.
Eriogonum longifolium var. Scrub buckwheat...... U.S.A. (FL).......... ......do............. T 500 NA NA
gnaphalifolium.
Eriogonum ovalifolium var. vineum. Cushenbury buckwheat. U.S.A. (CA).......... ......do............. E 548 17.96(a) NA
Eriogonum ovalifolium var. Steamboat buckwheat.. U.S.A. (NV).......... ......do............. E 237 NA NA
williamsiae.
Eriogonum pelinophilum............ Clay-loving wild- U.S.A. (CO).......... ......do............. E 151 17.96(a) NA
buckwheat.
Eriophyllum latilobum............. San Mateo woolly U.S.A. (CA).......... Asteraceae........... E 575 NA NA
sunflower.
Eryngium aristulatum var. parishii San Diego button- ......do............. Apiaceae............. E 512 NA NA
celery.
Eryngium constancei............... Loch Lomond coyote- ......do............. ......do............. E 194E, NA NA
thistle. 249
Eryngium cuneifolium.............. Snakeroot............ U.S.A. (FL).......... ......do............. E 256 NA NA
Erysimum capitatum var. angustatum Contra Costa U.S.A. (CA).......... Brassicaceae......... E 39 17.96(a) NA
wallflower.
Erysimum menziesii................ Menzies' wallflower.. ......do............. ......do............. E 472 NA NA
Erysimum teretifolium............. Ben Lomond wallflower ......do............. ......do............. E 528 NA NA
Erythronium propullans............ Minnesota dwarf trout U.S.A. (MN).......... Liliaceae............ E 221 NA NA
lily.
Eugenia haematocarpa.............. Uvillo............... U.S.A. (PR).......... Myrtaceae............ E 564 NA NA
Eugenia koolauensis............... Nioi................. U.S.A. (HI).......... ......do............. E 536 17.99(c) and (i) NA
Eugenia woodburyana............... None................. U.S.A. (PR).......... ......do............. E 551 NA NA
Euphorbia haeleeleana............. Akoko................ U.S.A. (HI).......... Euphorbiaceae........ E 592 17.99(a)(1) and NA
(i)
Euphorbia telephioides............ Telephus spurge...... U.S.A. (FL).......... ......do............. T 463 NA NA
Eutrema penlandii................. Penland alpine fen U.S.A. (CO).......... Brassicaceae......... T 509 NA NA
mustard.
Exocarpos luteolus................ Heau................. U.S.A. (HI).......... Santalaceae.......... E 530 17.99(a)(1) NA
Flueggea neowawraea............... Mehamehame........... ......do............. Euphorbiaceae........ E 559 17.99(a)(1), (c), NA
(e)(1), (i) and
(k)
[[Page 69]]
Frankenia johnstonii.............. Johnston's frankenia. U.S.A. (TX), Mexico Frankeniaceae........ E 155 NA NA
(Nuevo Leon).
Fremontodendron californicum ssp. Pine Hill flannelbush U.S.A. (CA).......... Sterculiaceae........ E 596 NA NA
decumbens.
Fremontodendron mexicanum......... Mexican flannelbush.. U.S.A. (CA), Mexico.. ......do............. E 648 NA NA
Fritillaria gentneri.............. Gentner's fritillary. U.S.A. (OR).......... Liliaceae............ E 672 NA NA
Gahnia lanaiensis................. None................. U.S.A. (HI).......... Cyperaceae........... E 435 NA NA
Galactia smallii.................. Small's milkpea...... U.S.A. (FL).......... Fabaceae............. E 192 NA NA
Galium buxifolium................. Island bedstraw...... U.S.A. (CA).......... Rubiaceae............ E 623 NA NA
Galium californicum ssp. sierrae.. El Dorado bedstraw... ......do............. ......do............. E 596 NA NA
Gardenia brighamii................ Hawaiian gardenia U.S.A. (HI).......... ......do............. E 198 NA NA
(Na`u).
Gardenia mannii................... Nanu................. ......do............. ......do............. E 591 17.99(i) NA
Gaura neomexicana ssp. Colorado butterfly U.S.A. (WY, NE, CO).. Onagraceae-Evening T 704 17.96(a) NA
coloradensis. plant. Primrose.
Geocarpon minimum................. None................. U.S.A. (AR, LA, MO).. Caryophyllaceae...... T 275 NA NA
Geranium arboreum................. Hawaiian red-flowered U.S.A. (HI).......... Geraniaceae.......... E 465 17.99(e)(1) NA
geranium.
Geranium multiflorum.............. Nohoanu.............. ......do............. ......do............. E 467 17.99(e)(1) NA
Gesneria pauciflora............... None................. U.S.A. (PR).......... Gesneriaceae......... T 578 NA NA
Geum radiatum..................... Spreading avens...... U.S.A. (NC, TN)...... Rosaceae............. E 381 NA NA
Gilia tenuiflora ssp. arenaria.... Monterey gilia....... U.S.A. (CA).......... Polemoniaceae........ E 472 NA NA
Gilia tenuiflora ssp. hoffmannii.. Hoffmann's slender- ......do............. ......do............. E 623 NA NA
flowered gilia.
Goetzea elegans................... Beautiful goetzea or U.S.A. (PR).......... Solanaceae........... E 176 NA NA
matabuey.
Gouania hillebrandii.............. None................. U.S.A. (HI).......... Rhamnaceae........... E 165 17.96(a) NA
Gouania meyenii................... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 448 17.99(a)(1) and NA
(i)
Gouania vitifolia................. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 541 17.99(e)(1), and NA
(k)
Grindelia fraxino-pratensis....... Ash Meadows gumplant. U.S.A. (CA, NV)...... Asteraceae........... T 181 17.96(a) NA
Hackelia venusta.................. Showy stickseed...... U.S.A. (WA).......... Boraginaceae--Borage. E 722 NA NA
Halophila johnsonii............... Johnson's seagrass... U.S.A. (FL).......... Hydrocharitaceae..... T 663 226.213 NA
Haplostachys haplostachya......... None................. U.S.A. (HI).......... Lamiaceae............ E 73 NA NA
Harperocallis flava............... Harper's beauty...... U.S.A. (FL).......... Liliaceae............ E 57 NA NA
Harrisia portoricensis............ Higo chumbo.......... U.S.A. (PR).......... Cactaceae............ T 397 NA NA
Hedeoma todsenii.................. Todsen's pennyroyal.. U.S.A. (NM).......... Lamiaceae............ E 110, 112 17.96(a) NA
Hedyotis cookiana................. Awiwi................ U.S.A. (HI).......... Rubiaceae............ E 530 17.99(a)(1) NA
Hedyotis coriacea................. Kioele............... ......do............. ......do............. E 467 17.99(e)(1) and NA
(i)
Hedyotis degeneri................. None................. ......do............. ......do............. E 448 17.99(i) NA
Hedyotis mannii................... Pilo................. ......do............. ......do............. E 480 17.99(e)(1) NA
Hedyotis parvula.................. None................. ......do............. ......do............. E 448 17.99(i) NA
Hedyotis purpurea var. montana.... Roan Mountain bluet.. U.S.A. (NC, TN)...... ......do............. E 381 NA NA
Hedyotis schlechtendahliana var. Kopa................. U.S.A. (HI).......... ......do............. E 666 NA NA
remyi.
Hedyotis st.-johnii............... Na Pali beach ......do............. ......do............. E 441 17.99(a)(1) NA
hedyotis.
Helenium virginicum............... Virginia sneezeweed.. U.S.A. (MO, VA)...... Asteraceae........... T 652 NA NA
Helianthemum greenei.............. Island rush-rose..... U.S.A. (CA).......... Cistaceae............ T 623 NA NA
Helianthus paradoxus.............. Pecos (=puzzle, U.S.A. (NM, TX)...... Asteraceae........... T 667 NA NA
=paradox) sunflower.
Helianthus schweinitzii........... Schweinitz's U.S.A. (NC, SC)...... ......do............. E 424 NA NA
sunflower.
Helonias bullata.................. Swamp pink........... U.S.A. (DE, GA, MD, Liliaceae............ T 326 NA NA
NC, NJ, NY, SC, VA).
[[Page 70]]
Hesperolinon congestum............ Marin dwarf-flax..... U.S.A. (CA).......... Linaceae............. T 575 NA NA
Hesperomannia arborescens......... None................. U.S.A. (HI).......... Asteraceae........... E 536 17.99(c) and (i) NA
Hesperomannia arbuscula........... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 448 17.99(e)(1) and NA
(i)
Hesperomannia lydgatei............ ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 436 17.99(a)(1) NA
Hexastylis naniflora.............. Dwarf-flowered U.S.A. (NC, SC)...... Aristolochiaceae..... T 347 NA NA
heartleaf.
Hibiscadelphus distans............ Kauai hau kuahiwi.... U.S.A. (HI).......... Malvaceae............ E 225 NA NA
Hibiscadelphus giffardianus....... Hau kuahiwi.......... ......do............. ......do............. E 595 17.99(k) NA
Hibiscadelphus hualalaiensis...... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 595 17.99(k) NA
Hibiscadelphus woodii............. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 590 17.99(a)(1) NA
Hibiscus arnottianus ssp. Kokio keokeo......... ......do............. ......do............. E 480 17.99(c) NA
immaculatus.
Hibiscus brackenridgei............ Mao hau hele......... ......do............. ......do............. E 559 17.99(c), (e)(1), NA
(i), and (k)
Hibiscus clayi.................... Clay's hibiscus...... ......do............. ......do............. E 530 17.99(a)(1) NA
Hibiscus waimeae ssp. hannerae.... Kokio keokeo......... ......do............. ......do............. E 590 17.99(a)(1) NA
Hoffmannseggia tenella............ Slender rush-pea..... U.S.A. (TX).......... Fabaceae............. E 209 NA NA
Holocarpha macradenia............. Santa Cruz tarplant.. U.S.A. (CA).......... Asteraceae--Sunflower T 690 17.96(a) NA
Howellia aquatilis................ Water howellia....... U.S.A. (CA, ID, MT, Campanulaceae........ T 542 NA NA
OR, WA).
Hudsonia montana.................. Mountain golden U.S.A. (NC).......... Cistaceae............ T 107 17.96(a) NA
heather.
Hymenoxys herbacea................ Lakeside daisy....... U.S.A. (IL, MI, OH), Asteraceae........... T 310 NA NA
Canada (Ont.).
Hymenoxys texana.................. Texas prairie dawn- U.S.A. (TX).......... ......do............. E 218 NA NA
flower.
Hypericum cumulicola.............. Highlands scrub U.S.A. (FL).......... Hypericaceae......... E 256 NA NA
hypericum.
Ilex cookii....................... Cook's holly......... U.S.A. (PR).......... Aquifoliaceae........ E 277 NA NA
Ilex sintenisii................... None................. ......do............. ......do............. E 461 NA NA
Iliamna corei..................... Peter's Mountain U.S.A. (VA).......... Malvaceae............ E 230 NA NA
mallow.
Ipomopsis sancti-spiritus......... Holy Ghost ipomopsis. U.S.A. (NM).......... Polemoniaceae........ E 535 NA NA
Iris lacustris.................... Dwarf lake iris...... U.S.A. (MI, WI), Iridaceae............ T 330 NA NA
Canada (Ont.).
Ischaemum byrone.................. Hilo ischaemum....... U.S.A. (HI).......... Poaceae.............. E 532 17.99(a)(1), (c), NA
(e)(1), and (k)
Isodendrion hosakae............... Aupaka............... ......do............. Violaceae............ T 414 17.99(k) NA
Isodendrion laurifolium........... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 592 17.99(a)(1) and NA
(i)
Isodendrion longifolium........... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. T 592 17.99(a)(1) and NA
(i)
Isodendrion pyrifolium............ Wahine noho kula..... ......do............. ......do............. E 532 17.99(c), (e)(1), NA
and (i)
Isotria medeoloides............... Small whorled pogonia U.S.A. (CT, DC, DE, Orchidaceae.......... T 122, 556 NA NA
GA, IL, MA, MD, ME,
MI, MO, NC, NH, NJ,
NY, PA, RI, SC, TN,
VA, VT,WV), Canada
(Ont.).
Ivesia kingii var. eremica........ Ash Meadows ivesia... U.S.A. (NV).......... Rosaceae............. T 181 17.96(a) NA
Jacquemontia reclinata............ Beach jacquemontia... U.S.A. (FL).......... Convolvulaceae....... E 523 NA NA
Jatropha costaricensis............ Costa Rican jatropha. Costa Rica........... Euphorbiaceae........ E 154 NA NA
Juglans jamaicensis............... Nogal or West Indian U.S.A. (PR), Cuba, Juglandaceae......... E 603 NA NA
walnut. Hispaniola.
Justicia cooleyi.................. Cooley's water-willow U.S.A. (FL).......... Acanthaceae.......... E 356 NA NA
Kanaloa kahoolawensis............. Kohe malama malama o U.S.A. (HI).......... Fabaceae............. E 666 17.99(e)(2) NA
kanaloa.
[[Page 71]]
Kokia cookei...................... Cooke's koki`o....... ......do............. Malvaceae............ E 74 NA NA
Kokia drynarioides................ Koki`o............... ......do............. ......do............. E 167 17.96(a) NA
Kokia kauaiensis.................. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 590 17.99(a)(1) NA
Labordia cyrtandrae............... Kamakahala........... ......do............. Loganiaceae.......... E 591 17.99(i) NA
Labordia lydgatei................. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 436 17.99(a)(1) NA
Labordia tinifolia var. lanaiensis ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 666 NA NA
Labordia tinifolia var. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 590 17.99(a)(1) NA
wahiawaensis.
Labordia triflora................. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 666 17.99(c) NA
Lasthenia burkei.................. Burke's goldfields... U.S.A. (CA).......... Asteraceae........... E 453 NA NA
Lasthenia conjugens............... Contra Costa ......do............. ......do............. E 619 17.97 NA
goldfields.
Layia carnosa..................... Beach layia.......... ......do............. ......do............. E 472 NA NA
Lembertia congdonii............... San Joaquin wooly- ......do............. ......do............. E 395 NA NA
threads.
Lepanthes eltoroensis............. None................. U.S.A. (PR).......... Orchidaceae.......... E 451 NA NA
Lepidium arbuscula................ Anaunau.............. U.S.A. (HI).......... Brassicaceae......... E 591 17.99(i) NA
Lepidium barnebyanum.............. Barneby ridge-cress.. U.S.A. (UT).......... ......do............. E 402 NA NA
Leptocereus grantianus............ None................. U.S.A. (PR).......... Cactaceae............ E 491 NA NA
Lespedeza leptostachya............ Prairie bush-clover.. U.S.A. (IA, IL, MN, Fabaceae............. T 254 NA NA
WI).
Lesquerella congesta.............. Dudley Bluffs U.S.A. (CO).......... Brassicaceae......... T 374 NA NA
bladderpod.
Lesquerella filiformis............ Missouri bladderpod.. U.S.A. (AR, MO)...... ......do............. T 253, 739 NA NA
Lesquerella kingii ssp. bernardina San Bernardino U.S.A. (CA).......... ......do............. E 548 17.96(a) NA
Mountains bladderpod.
Lesquerella lyrata................ Lyrate bladderpod.... U.S.A. (AL).......... ......do............. T 403 NA NA
Lesquerella pallida............... White bladderpod..... U.S.A. (TX).......... ......do............. E 260 NA NA
Lesquerella perforata............. Spring Creek U.S.A. (TN).......... ......do............. E 599 NA NA
bladderpod.
Lesquerella thamnophila........... Zapata bladderpod.... U.S.A. (TX), Mexico.. ......do............. E 671 17.96(a) NA
Lesquerella tumulosa.............. Kodachrome bladderpod U.S.A. (UT).......... ......do............. E 519 NA NA
Lessingia germanorum (=L. g. var. San Francisco U.S.A. (CA).......... Asteraceae........... E 620 NA NA
germanorum). lessingia.
Liatris helleri................... Heller's blazingstar. U.S.A. (NC).......... ......do............. T 300 NA NA
Liatris ohlingerae................ Scrub blazingstar.... U.S.A. (FL).......... ......do............. E 356 NA NA
Lilaeopsis schaffneriana var. Huachuca water-umbel. U.S.A. (AZ), Mexico.. Apiaceae............. E 600 17.96(a) NA
recurva.
Lilium occidentale................ Western lily......... U.S.A. (OR, CA)...... Liliaceae............ E 544 NA NA
Lilium pardalinum ssp. pitkinense. Pitkin Marsh lily.... U.S.A. (CA).......... ......do............. E 625 NA NA
Limnanthes floccosa Butte County ......do............. Limnanthaceae........ E 471 17.97 NA
ssp.californica. meadowfoam.
Limnanthes floccosa ssp. large-flowered woolly U.S.A. (OR).......... ......do............. E 733 NA NA
grandiflora. meadowfoam.
Limnanthes vinculans.............. Sebastopol meadowfoam U.S.A. (CA).......... ......do............. E 453 NA NA
Lindera melissifolia.............. Pondberry............ U.S.A. (AL, AR, FL, Lauraceae............ E 240 NA NA
GA, LA, MO, MS, NC,
SC).
Lipochaeta fauriei................ Nehe................. U.S.A. (HI).......... Asteraceae........... E 530 17.99(a)(1) NA
Lipochaeta kamolensis............. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 467 17.99(e)(1) NA
Lipochaeta lobata var. leptophylla ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 448 17.99(i) NA
Lipochaeta micrantha.............. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 530 17.99(a)(1) NA
Lipochaeta tenuifolia............. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 448 17.99(i) NA
Lipochaeta venosa................. None................. ......do............. ......do............. E 73 NA NA
Lipochaeta waimeaensis............ Nehe................. ......do............. ......do............. E 530 17.99(a)(1) NA
[[Page 72]]
Lithophragma maximum.............. San Clemente Island U.S.A. (CA).......... Saxifragaceae........ E 624 NA NA
woodland-star.
Lobelia gaudichaudii ssp. None................. U.S.A. (HI).......... Campanulaceae........ E 591 17.99(i) NA
koolauensis.
Lobelia monostachya............... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 591 17.99(i) NA
Lobelia niihauensis............... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 448 17.99(i) NA
Lobelia oahuensis................. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 536 17.99(i) NA
Lomatium bradshawii............... Bradshaw's desert- U.S.A. (OR,WA)....... Apiaceae............. E 333 NA NA
parsley.
Lomatium cookii................... Cook's lomatium...... U.S.A. (OR).......... ......do............. E 733 NA NA
Lotus dendroideus ssp. traskiae... San Clemente Island U.S.A. (CA).......... Fabaceae............. E 26 NA NA
broom.
Lupinus aridorum.................. Scrub lupine......... U.S.A. (FL).......... ......do............. E 264 NA NA
Lupinus nipomensis................ Nipomo Mesa lupine... U.S.A. (CA).......... ......do............. E 691 NA NA
Lupinus sulphureus (=oreganus) Kincaid's lupine..... U.S.A. (OR, WA)...... ......do............. T 679 NA NA
ssp. kincaidii (=var. kincaidii).
Lupinus tidestromii............... Clover lupine........ U.S.A. (CA).......... ......do............. E 472 NA NA
Lyonia truncata var. proctorii.... None................. U.S.A. (PR).......... Ericaceae............ E 501 NA NA
Lysimachia asperulaefolia......... Rough-leaved U.S.A. (NC, SC)...... Primulaceae.......... E 274 NA NA
loosestrife.
Lysimachia filifolia.............. None................. U.S.A. (HI).......... ......do............. E 530 17.99(a)(1) and NA
(i)
Lysimachia lydgatei............... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 467 17.99(e)(1) NA
Lysimachia maxima................. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 594 17.99(c) NA
Macbridea alba.................... White birds-in-a-nest U.S.A. (FL).......... Lamiaceae............ T 463 NA NA
Malacothamnus clementinus......... San Clemente Island U.S.A. (CA).......... Malvaceae............ E 26 NA NA
bush-mallow.
Malacothamnus fasciculatus var. Santa Cruz Island ......do............. ......do............. E 623 NA NA
nesioticus. bushmallow.
Malacothrix indecora.............. Santa Cruz Island ......do............. Asteraceae........... E 623 NA NA
malocothrix.
Malacothrix squalida.............. Island malacothrix... ......do............. ......do............. E 623 NA NA
Manihot walkerae.................. Walker's manioc...... U.S.A. (TX), Mexico.. Euphorbiaceae........ E 445 NA NA
Mariscus fauriei.................. None................. U.S.A (HI)........... Cyperaceae........... E 532 17.99(c) and (k) NA
Mariscus pennatiformis............ ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 559 17.99(a)(1), NA
(e)(1), (g), and
(i)
Marshallia mohrii................. Mohr's Barbara's U.S.A. (AL, GA)...... Asteraceae........... T 324 NA NA
buttons.
Melicope adscendens............... Alani................ U.S.A. (HI).......... Rutaceae............. E 565 17.99(e)(1) NA
Melicope balloui.................. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 565 17.99(e)(1) NA
Melicope haupuensis............... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 530 17.99(a)(1) NA
Melicope knudsenii................ ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 530 17.99(a)(1) and NA
(e)(1)
Melicope lydgatei................. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 536 17.99(i) NA
Melicope mucronulata.............. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 467 17.99(c) and NA
(e)(1)
Melicope munroi................... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 666 NA NA
Melicope ovalis................... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 565 17.99(e)(1) NA
Melicope pallida.................. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 530 17.99(a)(1) and NA
(i)
Melicope quadrangularis........... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 530 NA NA
Melicope reflexa.................. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 480 17.99(c) NA
Melicope saint-johnii............. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 591 17.99(i) NA
[[Page 73]]
Melicope zahlbruckneri............ ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 595 17.99(k) NA
Mentzelia leucophylla............. Ash Meadows blazing- U.S.A. (NV).......... Loasaceae............ T 181 17.96(a) NA
star.
Mimulus glabratus var. Michigan monkey- U.S.A. (MI).......... Scrophulariaceae..... E 392 NA NA
michiganensis. flower.
Mirabilis macfarlanei............. MacFarlane's four- U.S.A. (ID, OR)...... Nyctaginaceae........ T 66, 581 NA NA
o'clock.
Mitracarpus maxwelliae............ None................. U.S.A. (PR).......... Rubiaceae............ E 551 NA NA
Mitracarpus polycladus............ ......do............. U.S.A. (PR), Saba.... ......do............. E 551 NA NA
Monardella linoides ssp. viminea.. Willowy monardella... U.S.A. (CA), Mexico.. Lamiaceae............ E 649 NA NA
Munroidendron racemosum........... None................. U.S.A. (HI).......... Araliaceae........... E 530 17.99(a)(1) NA
Myrcia paganii.................... ......do............. U.S.A. (PR).......... Myrtaceae............ E 529 NA NA
Myrsine juddii.................... Kolea................ U.S.A. (HI).......... Myrsinaceae.......... E 591 17.99(i) NA
Myrsine linearifolia.............. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. T 590 17.99(a)(1) NA
Navarretia fossalis............... Spreading navarretia. U.S.A. (CA), Mexico Polemoniaceae........ T 650 NA NA
(Baja California).
Navarretia leucocephala ssp. Few-flowered U.S.A. (CA).......... ......do............. E 619 NA NA
pauciflora (=N. pauciflora). navarretia.
Navarretia leucocephala ssp. Many-flowered ......do............. ......do............. E 619 NA NA
plieantha. navarretia.
Neostapfia colusana............... Colusa grass......... ......do............. Poaceae.............. T 611 17.97 NA
Neraudia angulata................. None................. U.S.A. (HI).......... Urticaceae........... E 448 17.99(i) NA
Neraudia ovata.................... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 595 17.99(k) NA
Neraudia sericea.................. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 559 17.99(c) and NA
(e)(1)
Nesogenes rotensis................ None................. Western Pacific Verbenaceae--Verbena E 742 NA NA
Ocean--U.S.A. family.
(Commonwealth of the
Northern Mariana
Islands).
Nitrophila mohavensis............. Amargosa niterwort... U.S.A. (CA, NV)...... Chenopodiaceae....... E 181 17.96(a) NA
Nolina brittoniana................ Britton's beargrass.. U.S.A. (FL).......... Agavaceae............ E 500 NA NA
Nothocestrum breviflorum.......... Aiea................. U.S.A (HI)........... Solanaceae........... E 532 17.99(k) NA
Nothocestrum peltatum............. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 530 17.99(a)(1) NA
Nototrichium humile............... Kului................ ......do............. Amaranthaceae........ E 448 17.99(e)(1) and NA
(i)
Ochrosia kilaueaensis............. Holei................ ......do............. Apocynaceae.......... E 532 NA NA
Oenothera avita ssp. eurekensis... Eureka Valley evening- U.S.A. (CA).......... Onagraceae........... E 39 NA NA
primrose.
Oenothera deltoides ssp. howellii. Antioch Dunes evening- ......do............. ......do............. E 39 17.96(a) NA
primrose.
Opuntia treleasei................. Bakersfield cactus... ......do............. Cactaceae............ E 395 NA NA
Orcuttia californica.............. California Orcutt ......do............. Poaceae.............. E 512 NA NA
grass.
Orcuttia inaequalis............... San Joaquin Valley ......do............. ......do............. T 611 17.97 NA
Orcutt grass.
Orcuttia pilosa................... Hairy Orcutt grass... ......do............. ......do............. T 611 17.97 NA
Orcuttia tenuis................... Slender Orcutt grass. ......do............. ......do............. T 611 17.97 NA
Orcuttia viscida.................. Sacramento Orcutt ......do............. ......do............. T 611 17.97 NA
grass.
Osmoxylon mariannense............. None................. Western Pacific Araliaceae--Ginseng E 742 NA NA
Ocean--U.S.A. family.
(Commonwealth of the
Northern Mariana
Islands).
Ottoschulzia rhodoxylon........... Palo de rosa......... U.S.A. (PR), Icacinaceae.......... E 385 NA NA
Dominican Republic.
[[Page 74]]
Oxypolis canbyi................... Canby's dropwort..... U.S.A. (DE, GA, MD, Apiaceae............. E 217 NA NA
NC, SC).
Oxytheca parishii var. goodmaniana Cushenbury oxytheca.. U.S.A. (CA).......... Polygonaceae......... E 548 17.96(a) NA
Oxytropis campestris var. Fassett's locoweed... U.S.A. (WI).......... Fabaceae............. T 329 NA NA
chartacea.
Panicum fauriei var. carteri...... Carter's panicgrass.. U.S.A. (HI).......... Poaceae.............. E 133 17.96(a) NA
Panicum niihauense................ Lau ehu.............. ......do............. ......do............. E 592 17.99(a)(1) NA
Paronychia chartacea.............. Papery whitlow-wort.. U.S.A. (FL).......... Caryophyllaceae...... T 256 NA NA
Parvisedum leiocarpum............. Lake County stonecrop U.S.A. (CA).......... Crassulaceae......... E 619 NA NA
Pedicularis furbishiae............ Furbish lousewort.... U.S.A. (ME), Canada Scrophulariaceae..... E 39 NA NA
(N.B.).
Pediocactus bradyi................ Brady pincushion U.S.A. (AZ).......... Cactaceae............ E 63 NA NA
cactus.
Pediocactus despainii............. San Rafael cactus.... U.S.A. (UT).......... ......do............. E 286 NA NA
Pediocactus knowltonii............ Knowlton cactus...... U.S.A. (CO, NM)...... ......do............. E 72 NA NA
Pediocactus peeblesianus var. Peebles Navajo cactus U.S.A. (AZ).......... ......do............. E 69 NA NA
peeblesianus.
Pediocactus sileri................ Siler pincushion U.S.A. (AZ, UT)...... ......do............. T 64, 524 NA NA
cactus.
Pediocactus winkleri.............. Winkler cactus....... U.S.A. (UT).......... ......do............. T 641 NA NA
Penstemon haydenii................ Blowout penstemon.... U.S.A. (NE).......... Scrophulariaceae..... E 285 NA NA
Penstemon penlandii............... Penland beardtongue.. U.S.A. (CO).......... ......do............. E 353 NA NA
Pentachaeta bellidiflora.......... White-rayed U.S.A. (CA).......... Asteraceae........... E 575 NA NA
pentachaeta.
Pentachaeta lyonii................ Lyon's pentachaeta... ......do............. ......do............. E 606 NA NA
Peperomia wheeleri................ Wheeler's peperomia.. U.S.A. (PR).......... Piperaceae........... E 255 NA NA
Peucedanum sandwicense............ Makou................ U.S.A. (HI).......... Apiaceae............. T 530 17.99(a)(1), (c), NA
(e)(1), and (i)
Phacelia argillacea............... Clay phacelia........ U.S.A. (UT).......... Hydrophyllaceae...... E 44 NA NA
Phacelia formosula................ North Park phacelia.. U.S.A. (CO).......... ......do............. E 121 NA NA
Phacelia insularis ssp. insularis. Island phacelia...... U.S.A. (CA).......... ......do............. E 623 NA NA
Phlox hirsuta..................... Yreka phlox.......... ......do............. Polemoniaceae........ E 683 NA NA
Phlox nivalis ssp. texensis....... Texas trailing phlox. U.S.A. (TX).......... ......do............. E 440 NA NA
Phyllostegia glabra var. None................. U.S.A. (HI).......... Lamiaceae............ E 435 NA NA
lanaiensis.
Phyllostegia hirsuta.............. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 591 17.99(i) NA
Phyllostegia kaalaensis........... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 591 17.99(i) NA
Phyllostegia knudsenii............ ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 590 17.99(a)(1) NA
Phyllostegia mannii............... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 480 17.99(c) and NA
(e)(1)
Phyllostegia mollis............... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 448 17.99(e)(1) and NA
(i)
Phyllostegia parviflora........... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 592 17.99(i) NA
Phyllostegia racemosa............. Kiponapona........... ......do............. ......do............. E 595 17.99(k) NA
Phyllostegia velutina............. None................. ......do............. ......do............. E 595 17.99(k) NA
Phyllostegia waimeae.............. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 530 17.99(a)(1) NA
Phyllostegia warshaueri........... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 595 17.99(k) NA
Phyllostegia wawrana.............. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 59 0 17.99(a)(1) NA
Physaria obcordata................ Dudley Bluffs twinpod U.S.A. (CO).......... Brassicaceae......... T 374 NA NA
Pilosocereus robinii.............. Key tree-cactus...... U.S.A. (FL), Cuba.... Cactaceae............ E 153 NA NA
Pinguicula ionantha............... Godfrey's butterwort. U.S.A. (FL).......... Lentibulariaceae..... T 507 NA NA
[[Page 75]]
Piperia yadonii................... Yadon's piperia...... U.S.A. (CA).......... Orchidaceae.......... E 640 NA NA
Pityopsis ruthii.................. Ruth's golden aster.. U.S.A. (TN).......... Asteraceae........... E 191 NA NA
Plagiobothrys hirtus.............. Rough popcornflower.. U.S.A. (OR).......... Boraginaceae......... E 678 NA NA
Plagiobothrys strictus............ Calistoga allocarya.. U.S.A. (CA).......... ......do............. E 625 NA NA
Plantago hawaienis................ Laukahi kuahiwi...... U.S.A (HI)........... Plantaginaceae....... E 532 17.99(k) NA
Plantago princeps................. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 559 17.99(a)(1), (c), NA
(e)(1), and (i)
Platanthera holochila............. None................. ......do............. Orchidaceae.......... E 592 17.99(a)(1), NA
(e)(1), and (i)
Platanthera leucophaea............ Eastern prairie U.S.A. (AR, IA, IL, ......do............. T 368 NA NA
fringed orchid. IN, ME, MI, MO, NE,
NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA,
VA, WI), Canada
(Ont., N.B.).
Platanthera praeclara............. Western prairie U.S.A. (IA, KS, MN, ......do............. T 368 NA NA
fringed orchid. MO, ND, NE, OK, SD),
Canada (Man.).
Pleodendron macranthum............ Chupacallos.......... U.S.A. (PR).......... Canellaceae.......... E 564 NA NA
Pleomele hawaiiensis.............. Hala pepe............ U.S.A (HI)........... Liliaceae............ E 595 17.99(k) NA
Poa atropurpurea.................. San Bernardino U.S.A. (CA).......... Poaceae.............. E 644 NA NA
bluegrass.
Poa mannii........................ Mann's bluegrass..... U.S.A. (HI).......... ......do............. E 558 17.99(a)(1) NA
Poa napensis...................... Napa bluegrass....... U.S.A. (CA).......... ......do............. E 625 NA NA
Poa sandvicensis.................. Hawaiian bluegrass... U.S.A. (HI).......... ......do............. E 464 17.99(a)(1) NA
Poa siphonoglossa................. None................. ......do............. ......do............. E 464 17.99(a)(1) NA
Pogogyne abramsii................. San Diego mesa mint.. U.S.A. (CA).......... Lamiaceae............ E 44 NA NA
Pogogyne nudiuscula............... Otay mesa mint....... U.S.A. (CA), Mexico ......do............. E 512 NA NA
(Baja California).
Polygala lewtonii................. Lewton's polygala.... U.S.A. (FL).......... Polygalaceae......... E 500 NA NA
Polygala smallii.................. Tiny polygala........ ......do............. ......do............. E 192 NA NA
Polygonella basiramia............. Wireweed............. ......do............. Polygonaceae......... E 256 NA NA
Polygonella myriophylla........... Sandlace............. ......do............. ......do............. E 500 NA NA
Polygonum hickmanii............... Scotts Valley U.S.A. (CA).......... ......do............. E 736 17.96(a) NA
polygonum.
Portulaca sclerocarpa............. Poe.................. U.S.A (HI)........... Portulacaceae........ E 532 17.96(b) and NA
17.99(k)
Potamogeton clystocarpus.......... Little Aguja pondweed U.S.A. (TX).......... Potamogetonaceae..... E 450 NA NA
Potentilla hickmanii.............. Hickman's potentilla. U.S.A. (CA).......... Rosaceae............. E 640 NA NA
Primula maguirei.................. Maguire primrose..... U.S.A. (UT).......... Primulaceae.......... T 199 NA NA
Pritchardia affinis............... Loulu................ U.S.A. (HI).......... Arecaceae............ E 532 NA NA
Pritchardia aylmer-robinsonii..... Wahane............... ......do............. ......do............. E 586 NA NA
Pritchardia kaalae................ Loulu................ ......do............. ......do............. E 591 NA NA
Pritchardia munroi................ ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 480 NA NA
Pritchardia napaliensis........... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 590 NA NA
Pritchardia remota................ ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 587 17.99(g) NA
Pritchardia schattaueri........... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 595 NA NA
Pritchardia viscosa............... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 590 NA NA
Prunus geniculata................. Scrub plum........... U.S.A. (FL).......... Rosaceae............. E 256 NA NA
Pseudobahia bahiifolia............ Hartweg's golden U.S.A. (CA).......... Asteraceae........... E 609 NA NA
sunburst.
Pseudobahia....................... San Joaquin adobe ......do............. ......do............. T 609 NA NA
sunburst.
Pteralyxia kauaiensis............. Kaulu................ U.S.A. (HI).......... Apocynaceae.......... E 530 17.99(a)(1) NA
Ptilimnium nodosum................ Harperella........... U.S.A. (AL, AR, GA, Apiaceae............. E 332 NA NA
MD, NC, SC, WV).
[[Page 76]]
Purshia subintegra................ Arizona cliffrose.... U.S.A. (AZ).......... Rosaceae............. E 148 NA NA
Quercus hinckleyi................. Hinckley's oak....... U.S.A. (TX).......... Fagaceae............. T 318 NA NA
Ranunculus acriformis var. Autumn buttercup..... U.S.A. (UT).......... Ranunculaceae........ E 355 NA NA
aestivalis.
Remya kauaiensis.................. None................. U.S.A. (HI).......... Asteraceae........... E 413 17.99(a)(1) NA
Remya mauiensis................... Maui remya........... ......do............. ......do............. E 413 17.99(e)(1) NA
Remya montgomeryi................. None................. ......do............. ......do............. E 413 17.99(a)(1) NA
Rhododendron chapmanii............ Chapman rhododendron. U.S.A. (FL).......... Ericaceae............ E 47 NA NA
Rhus michauxii.................... Michaux's sumac...... U.S.A. (GA, NC, SC, Anacardiaceae........ E 367 NA NA
VA).
Rhynchospora knieskernii.......... Knieskern's beaked- U.S.A. (DE, NJ)...... Cyperaceae........... T 429 NA NA
rush.
Ribes echinellum.................. Miccosukee gooseberry U.S.A. (FL, SC)...... Saxifragaceae........ T 190 NA NA
Rorippa gambellii................. Gambel's watercress.. U.S.A. (CA).......... Brassicaceae......... E 511 NA NA
Sagittaria fasciculata............ Bunched arrowhead.... U.S.A. (NC, SC)...... Alismataceae......... E 53 NA NA
Sagittaria secundifolia........... Kral's water-plantain U.S.A. (AL, GA)...... ......do............. T 386 NA NA
Sanicula mariversa................ None................. U.S.A. (HI).......... Apiaceae............. E 448 17.99(i) NA
Sanicula purpurea................. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 592 17.99(e)(1) and NA
(i)
Santalum freycinetianum var. Lanai sandalwood ......do............. Santalaceae.......... E 215 NA NA
lanaiense. (=`iliahi).
Sarracenia oreophila.............. Green pitcher-plant.. U.S.A. (AL, GA, NC, Sarraceniaceae....... E 56, 89 NA NA
TN).
Sarracenia rubra ssp. alabamensis. Alabama canebrake U.S.A. (AL).......... ......do............. E 346 NA NA
pitcher-plant.
Sarracenia rubra ssp. jonesii..... Mountain sweet U.S.A. (NC, SC)...... ......do............. E 339 NA NA
pitcher-plant.
Scaevola coriacea................. Dwarf naupaka........ U.S.A. (HI).......... Goodeniaceae......... E 231 NA NA
Schiedea adamantis................ Diamond Head schiedea ......do............. Caryophyllaceae...... E 141 NA NA
Schiedea apokremnos............... Maolioli............. ......do............. ......do............. E 441 17.99(a)(1) NA
Schiedea haleakalensis............ None................. ......do............. ......do............. E 467 17.99(e)(1) NA
Schiedea helleri.................. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 590 17.99(a)(1) NA
Schiedea hookeri.................. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 592 17.99(i) NA
Schiedea kaalae................... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 448 17.99(i) NA
Schiedea kauaiensis............... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 592 17.99(a)(1) NA
Schiedea kealiae.................. Maolioli............. ......do............. ......do............. E 591 17.99(i) NA
Schiedea lydgatei................. None................. ......do............. ......do............. E 480 17.99(c) NA
Schiedea membranacea.............. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 590 17.99(a)(1) NA
Schiedea nuttallii................ ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 592 17.99(a)(1), (c), NA
and (i)
Schiedea sarmentosa............... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 594 17.99(c) NA
Schiedea spergulina var. leiopoda. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 530 17.99(a)(1) NA
Schiedea spergulina var. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. T 530 17.99(a)(1) NA
spergulina.
Schiedea stellarioides............ Laulihilihi ......do............. ......do............. E 590 17.99(a)(1) NA
(=Maolioli).
Schiedea verticillata............. None................. ......do............. ......do............. E 587 17.99(g) NA
Schoenocrambe argillacea.......... Clay reed-mustard.... U.S.A. (UT).......... Brassicaceae......... T 457 NA NA
Schoenocrambe barnebyi............ Barneby reed-mustard. ......do............. ......do............. E 457 NA NA
Schoenocrambe suffrutescens....... Shrubby reed-mustard. ......do............. ......do............. E 293 NA NA
Schoepfia arenaria................ None................. U.S.A. (PR).......... Olacaceae............ T 420 NA NA
[[Page 77]]
Schwalbea americana............... American chaffseed... U.S.A. (AL, CT, DE, Scrophulariaceae..... E 478 NA NA
FL, GA, LA, MA, MD,
MI, MS, NC, NJ, NY,
SC, TN, VA).
Scirpus ancistrochaetus........... Northeastern bulrush. U.S.A. (MA, MD, NH, Cyperaceae........... E 425 NA NA
NY, PA, VA, VT, WV).
Sclerocactus glaucus.............. Uinta Basin hookless U.S.A. (CO, UT)...... Cactaceae............ T 59 NA NA
cactus.
Sclerocactus mesae-verdae......... Mesa Verde cactus.... U.S.A. (CO, NM)...... ......do............. T 75 NA NA
Sclerocactus wrightiae............ Wright fishhook U.S.A. (UT).......... ......do............. E 58 NA NA
cactus.
Scutellaria floridana............. Florida skullcap..... U.S.A. (FL).......... Lamiaceae............ T 463 NA NA
Scutellaria montana............... Large-flowered U.S.A. (GA, TN)...... ......do............. T 234, 720 NA NA
skullcap.
Sedum integrifolium ssp. leedyi... Leedy's roseroot..... U.S.A. (MN, NY)...... Crassulaceae......... T 460 NA NA
Senecio franciscanus.............. San Francisco Peaks U.S.A. (AZ).......... Asteraceae........... T 137 17.96(a) NA
groundsel.
Senecio layneae................... Layne's butterweed... U.S.A. (CA).......... ......do............. T 596 NA NA
Serianthes nelsonii............... Hayun lagu (Guam), Western Pacific Ocean- Fabaceae............. E 257, 259 NA NA
Tronkon guafi (Rota). U.S.A. (GU, MP-Rota).
Sesbania tomentosa................ Ohai................. U.S.A (HI)........... ......do............. E 559 17.99(a)(1), (c), NA
(e)(1), (g), (i),
and (k)
Sibara filifolia.................. Santa Cruz Island U.S.A. (CA).......... Brassicaceae......... E 624 NA NA
rock-cress.
Sicyos alba....................... Anunu................ U.S.A (HI)........... Cucurbitaceae........ E 595 17.99(k) NA
Sidalcea keckii................... Keck's checkermallow. U.S.A. (CA).......... Malvaceae--Mallow.... E 685 17.96(a) NA
Sidalcea nelsoniana............... Nelson's checker- U.S.A. (OR, WA)...... Malvaceae............ T 490 NA NA
mallow.
Sidalcea oregana var. calva....... Wenatchee Mountains U.S.A. (WA).......... Malvaceae--Mallow.... E 673 17.96(a) NA
checker-mallow.
Sidalcea oregana ssp. valida...... Kenwood Marsh checker- U.S.A. (CA).......... ......do............. E 625 NA NA
mallow.
Sidalcea pedata................... Pedate checker-mallow ......do............. ......do............. E 158 NA NA
Silene alexandri.................. None................. U.S.A. (HI).......... Caryophyllaceae...... E 480 17.99(c) NA
Silene hawaiiensis................ ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. T 532 17.99(k) NA
Silene lanceolata................. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 480 17.99(c) and (i) NA
Silene perlmanii.................. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 448 17.99(i) NA
Silene polypetala................. Fringed campion...... U.S.A. (FL, GA)...... ......do............. E 418 NA NA
Silene spaldingii................. Spalding's catchfly.. U.S.A. (OR, ID, MT, ......do............. T 712 NA NA
WA), Canada (B.C.).
Sisyrinchium dichotomum........... White irisette....... U.S.A. (NC).......... Iridaceae............ E 438 NA NA
Solanum drymophilum............... Erubia............... U.S.A. (PR).......... Solanaceae........... E 319 NA NA
Solanum incompletum............... Popolo ku mai........ U.S.A (HI)........... ......do............. E 559 17.99(k) NA
Solanum sandwicense............... Aiakeakua, popolo.... ......do............. ......do............. E 530 17.99(a)(1) and NA
(i)
Solidago albopilosa............... White-haired U.S.A. (KY).......... Asteraceae........... T 308 NA NA
goldenrod.
Solidago houghtonii............... Houghton's goldenrod. U.S.A. (MI), Canada ......do............. T 314 NA NA
(Ont.).
Solidago shortii.................. Short's goldenrod.... U.S.A. (KY).......... ......do............. E 201 NA NA
Solidago spithamaea............... Blue Ridge goldenrod. U.S.A. (NC, TN)...... ......do............. T 175 NA NA
Spermolepis hawaiiensis........... None................. U.S.A. (HI).......... Apiaceae............. E 559 17.99(a)(1), (c), NA
(e)(1), and (i)
Spigelia gentianoides............. Gentian pinkroot..... U.S.A. (AL, FL)...... Loganiaceae.......... E 406 NA NA
Spiraea virginiana................ Virginia spiraea..... U.S.A. (GA, KY, NC, Rosaceae............. T 389 NA NA
OH, PA, TN, VA, WV).
Spiranthes delitescens............ Canelo Hills ladies'- U.S.A. (AZ).......... Orchidaceae.......... E 600 NA NA
tresses.
[[Page 78]]
Spiranthes diluvialis............. Ute ladies'-tresses.. U.S.A. (CO, ID, MT, ......do............. T 458 NA NA
NE, NV, UT, WA, WY).
Spiranthes parksii................ Navasota ladies'- U.S.A. (TX).......... ......do............. E 116 NA NA
tresses.
Stahlia monosperma................ C[oacute]bana negra.. U.S.A. (PR), Fabaceae............. T 380 NA NA
Dominican Republic.
Stenogyne angustifolia var. None................. U.S.A. (HI).......... Lamiaceae............ E 73 NA NA
angustifolia.
Stenogyne bifida.................. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 480 17.99(c) NA
Stenogyne campanulata............. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 464 17.99(a)(1) NA
Stenogyne kanehoana............... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 466 17.99(i) NA
Stephanomeria malheurensis........ Malheur wire-lettuce. U.S.A. (OR).......... Asteraceae........... E 126 17.96(a) NA
Streptanthus albidus ssp. albidus. Metcalf Canyon U.S.A. (CA).......... Brassicaceae......... E 575 NA NA
jewelflower.
Streptanthus niger................ Tiburon jewelflower.. ......do............. ......do............. E 575 NA NA
Styrax portoricensis.............. Palo de jazmfn....... U.S.A. (PR).......... Styracaceae.......... E 461 NA NA
Styrax texanus.................... Texas snowbells...... U.S.A. (TX).......... ......do............. E 162 NA NA
Suaeda californica................ Seablite, California. U.S.A. (CA).......... Chenopodiaceae....... E 567 NA NA
Swallenia alexandrae.............. Eureka Dune grass.... ......do............. Poaceae.............. E 39 NA NA
Taraxacum californicum............ California taraxacum. ......do............. Asteraceae........... E 644 NA NA
Ternstroemia luquillensis......... Palo colorado........ U.S.A. (PR).......... Theaceae............. E 461 NA NA
Ternstroemia subsessilis.......... None................. ......do............. ......do............. E 461 NA NA
Tetramolopium arenarium........... ......do............. U.S.A. (HI).......... Asteraceae........... E 532 NA NA
Tetramolopium capillare........... Pamakani............. ......do............. ......do............. E 555 17.99(e)(1) NA
Tetramolopium filiforme........... None................. ......do............. ......do............. E 448 17.99(i) NA
Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 448 17.99(i) NA
lepidotum.
Tetramolopium remyi............... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 435 17.96(b) and NA
17.99(e)(1)
Tetramolopium rockii.............. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. T 480 17.99(c) NA
Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa......... Oheohe............... ......do............. Araliaceae........... E 536 17.99(i) NA
Thalictrum cooleyi................ Cooley's meadowrue... U.S.A. (FL, NC)...... Ranunculaceae........ E 344 NA NA
Thelypodium howellii ssp. Howell's spectacular U.S.A. (OR).......... Brassicaceae......... T 662 NA NA
spectabilis. thelypody.
Thelypodium stenopetalum.......... Slender-petaled U.S.A. (CA).......... ......do............. E 158 NA NA
mustard.
Thlaspi californicum.............. Kneeland Prairie ......do............. Brassicaceae--....... E 684 17.96(a) NA
penny-cress. Mustard..............
Thymophylla tephroleuca........... Ashy dogweed......... U.S.A. (TX).......... Asteraceae........... E 152 NA NA
Thysanocarpus conchuliferus....... Santa Cruz Island U.S.A. (CA).......... Brassicaceae......... E 623 NA NA
fringepod.
Townsendia aprica................. Last Chance U.S.A. (UT).......... Asteraceae........... T 200 NA NA
townsendia.
Trematolobelia singularis......... None................. U.S.A. (HI).......... Campanulaceae........ E 591 17.99(i) NA
Trichilia triacantha.............. Bariaco.............. U.S.A. (PR).......... Meliaceae............ E 303 NA NA
Trichostema austromontanum ssp. Hidden Lake bluecurls U.S.A. (CA).......... Lamiaceae............ T 644 NA NA
compactum.
Trifolium amoenum................. Showy Indian clover.. ......do............. Fabaceae............. E 625 NA NA
Trifolium stoloniferum............ Running buffalo U.S.A. (AR, IL, IN, ......do............. E 270 NA NA
clover. KS, KY, MO, OH, WV).
Trifolium trichocalyx............. Monterey clover...... U.S.A. (CA).......... ......do............. E 640 NA NA
[[Page 79]]
Trillium persistens............... Persistent trillium.. U.S.A. (GA, SC)...... Liliaceae............ E 39 NA NA
Trillium reliquum................. Relict trillium...... U.S.A. (AL, GA, SC).. ......do............. E 306 NA NA
Tuctoria greenei.................. Greene's tuctoria.... U.S.A. (CA).......... Poaceae.............. T 611 17.97 NA
Tuctoria mucronata................ Solano grass......... ......do............. ......do............. T 44 17.97 NA
Urera kaalae...................... Opuhe................ U.S.A. (HI).......... Urticaceae........... E 448 17.99(i) NA
Verbena californica............... Red Hills vervain.... U.S.A. (CA).......... Verbenaceae.......... T 644 NA NA
Verbesina dissita................. Big-leaved crownbeard U.S.A. (CA), Mexico.. Asteraceae........... T 589 NA NA
Vernonia proctorii................ None................. U.S.A. (PR).......... ......do............. E 501 NA NA
Vicia menziesii................... Hawaiian vetch....... U.S.A. (HI).......... Fabaceae............. E 39 NA NA
Vigna o-wahuensis................. None................. ......do............. ......do............. E 559 17.99(e)(1), (i), NA
and (k)
Viola chamissoniana ssp. Pamakani............. ......do............. Violaceae............ E 448 17.99(i) NA
chamissoniana.
Viola helenae..................... None................. ......do............. ......do............. E 436 17.99(a)(1) NA
Viola kauaiensis var. wahiawaensis Nani waialeale....... ......do............. ......do............. E 590 17.99(a)(1) NA
Viola lanaiensis.................. None................. ......do............. ......do............. E 435 NA NA
Viola oahuensis................... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 591 17.99(i) NA
Warea amplexifolia................ Wide-leaf warea...... U.S.A. (FL).......... Brassicaceae......... E 266 NA NA
Warea carteri..................... Carter's mustard..... ......do............. ......do............. E 256 NA NA
Wilkesia hobdyi................... Dwarfiliau........... U.S.A. (HI).......... Asteraceae........... E 473 17.99(a)(1) NA
Xylosma crenatum.................. None................. ......do............. Flacourtiaceae....... E 464 17.99(a)(1) NA
Xyris tennesseensis............... Tennessee yellow-eyed U.S.A. (AL, GA, TN).. Xyridaceae........... E 430 NA NA
grass.
Yermo xanthocephalus.............. Desert yellowhead.... U.S.A. (WY).......... Asteraceae--Sunflower T 723 17.96(a) NA
Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. Ae................... U.S.A (HI)........... Rutaceae............. E 595 17.99(k) NA
tomentosum.
Zanthoxylum hawaiiense............ ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 532 17.99(a)(1), (c), NA
and (e)(1)
Zanthoxylum thomasianum........... St. Thomas prickly- U.S.A. (PR, VI)...... ......do............. E 213 NA NA
ash.
Zizania texana.................... Texas wild-rice...... U.S.A. (TX).......... Poaceae.............. E 39 17.96(a) NA
Ziziphus celata................... Florida ziziphus..... U.S.A. (FL).......... Rhamnaceae........... E 356 NA NA
Conifers
Abies guatemalensis............... Guatemalan fir Mexico, Guatemala, Pinaceae............. T 84 NA NA
(=pinabete). Honduras, El
Salvador.
Cupressus abramsiana.............. Santa Cruz cypress... U.S.A. (CA).......... Cupressaceae......... E 252 NA NA
Cupressus goveniana ssp. goveniana Gowen cypress........ ......do............. ......do............. T 640 NA NA
Fitzroya cupressoides............. Alerce or Chilean Chile, Argentina..... ......do............. T 79 NA NA
false larch.
Torreya taxifolia................. Florida torreya...... U.S.A. (FL, GA)...... Taxaceae............. E 140 NA NA
Ferns and Allies
Adenophorus periens............... Pendent kihi fern.... U.S.A (HI)........... Grammitidaceae....... E 559 17.99(a)(1), (c), NA
(i), and (k)
Adiantum vivesii.................. None................. U.S.A. (PR).......... Adiantaceae.......... E 504 NA NA
Asplenium fragile var. insulare... ......do............. U.S.A (HI)........... Aspleniaceae......... E 553 17.99(e)(1) and NA
(k)
Asplenium scolopendrium var. American hart's- U.S.A. (AL, MI, NY, ......do............. T 354 NA NA
americanum. tongue fern. TN), Canada (Ont.).
Ctenitis squamigera............... Pauoa................ U.S.A. (HI).......... ......do............. E 553 17.99(a)(1), (c), NA
(e)(1), and (i)
[[Page 80]]
Cyathea dryopteroides............. Elfin tree fern...... U.S.A. (PR).......... Cyatheaceae.......... E 277 NA NA
Diellia erecta.................... Asplenium-leaved U.S.A (HI)........... Aspleniaceae......... E 559 17.99(a)(1), (c), NA
diellia. (e)(1), (i), and
(k)
Diellia falcata................... None................. ......do............. ......do............. E 448 17.99(i) NA
Diellia pallida................... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 530 17.99(a)(1) NA
Diellia unisora................... ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 541 17.99(i) NA
Diplazium molokaiense............. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 553 17.99(a)(1), (c), NA
(e)(1), and (i)
Elaphoglossum serpens............. ......do............. U.S.A. (PR).......... Lomariopsidaceae..... E 504 NA NA
Huperzia (=Phlegmariurus, Wawae`iole........... U.S.A. (HI).......... Lycopodiaceae........ E 467 NA NA
=Lycopodium) mannii.
Isoetes louisianensis............. Louisiana quillwort.. U.S.A. (LA, MS)...... Isoetaceae........... E 482 NA NA
Isoetes melanospora............... Black-spored U.S.A. (GA, SC)...... ......do............. E 302 NA NA
quillwort.
Isoetes tegetiformans............. Mat-forming quillwort U.S.A. (GA).......... ......do............. E 302 NA NA
Marsilea villosa.................. Ihiihi............... U.S.A. (HI).......... Marsileaceae......... E 474 17.99(i) NA
Phlegmariurus Wawaeiole............ ......do............. Lycopodiaceae........ E 467 17.99(e)(1) NA
(=Lycopodium,=Huperzia) mannii.
Phlegmariurus nutans.............. ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 536 17.99(a)(1) and NA
(i)
Polystichum aleuticum............. Aleutian shield-fern. U.S.A. (AK).......... Dryopteridaceae...... E 305 NA NA
Polystichum calderonense.......... None................. U.S.A. (PR).......... ......do............. E 504 NA NA
Pteris lidgatei................... None................. ......do............. Adiantaceae.......... E 553 17.99(c), (e)(1), NA
and (i)
Tectaria estremerana.............. ......do............. ......do............. Dryopteridaceae...... E 504 NA NA
Thelypteris inabonensis........... ......do............. ......do............. Thelypteridaceae..... E 506 NA NA
Thelypteris pilosa var. Alabama streak-sorus U.S.A. (AL).......... ......do............. T 476 NA NA
alabamensis. fern.
Thelypteris verecunda............. None................. U.S.A. (PR).......... ......do............. E 506 NA NA
Thelypteris yaucoensis............ ......do............. ......do............. ......do............. E 506 NA NA
Lichens
Cladonia perforata................ Florida perforate U.S.A. (FL).......... Cladoniaceae......... E 500 NA NA
cladonia.
Gymnoderma lineare................ Rock gnome lichen.... U.S.A. (NC,TN)....... ......do............. E 572 NA NA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Symbols used in the ``when listed'' column:
D--Indicates FR where species was Delisted; relisting of the species is indicated by subsequent number(s).
E--Indicates Emergency rule publication (see FR document for effective dates); subsequent number(s) indicate FR final rule, if applicable, under ``When
listed''.
[[Page 81]]
26--42 FR 40685; August 11, 1977.
39--43 FR 17916; April 26, 1978.
44--43 FR 44811; September 28, 1978.
47--44 FR 24250; April 24, 1979.
49--44 FR 32605; June 6, 1979.
53--44 FR 43701; July 25, 1979.
56--44 FR 54923; September 21, 1979.
57--44 FR 56863; October 2, 1979.
58--44 FR 58868; October 11, 1979.
59--44 FR 58870; October 11, 1979.
61--44 FR 61556; October 25, 1979.
62--44 FR 61558; October 25, 1979.
63--44 FR 61786; October 26, 1979.
64--44 FR 61788; October 26, 1979.
65--44 FR 61911; October 26, 1979.
66--44 FR 61913; October 26, 1979.
67--44 FR 61917; October 26, 1979.
68--44 FR 61920; October 26, 1979.
69--44 FR 61924; October 26, 1979.
70--44 FR 61927; October 26, 1979.
71--44 FR 61929; October 26, 1979.
72--44 FR 62246; October 29, 1979.
73--44 FR 62469; October 30, 1979.
74--44 FR 62471; October 30, 1979.
75--44 FR 62474; October 30, 1979.
76--44 FR 64247; November 6, 1979.
77--44 FR 64250; November 6, 1979.
78--44 FR 64252; November 6, 1979.
79--44 FR 64733; November 7, 1979.
80--44 FR 64738; November 7, 1979.
81--44 FR 64740; November 7, 1979.
82--44 FR 64734; November 7, 1979.
83--44 FR 64746; November 7, 1979.
84--44 FR 65005; November 8, 1979.
89--45 FR 18929; March 24, 1980.
101--45 FR 53969; August 13, 1980.
104--45 FR 61947; September 17, 1980.
107--45 FR 69362; October 20, 1980.
109--46 FR 3186; January 13, 1981.
110--46 FR 5733; January 19, 1981.
112--46 FR 40025; August 6, 1981.
116--47 FR 19542; May 6, 1982.
118--47 FR 30443; July 13, 1982.
120--47 FR 36849; August 24, 1982.
121--47 FR 38540; September 1, 1982.
122--47 FR 38927; September 9, 1982.
126--47 FR 50885; November 10, 1982.
133--48 FR 46331; October 12, 1983.
137--48 FR 52747; November 22, 1983.
140--49 FR 2786; January 23, 1984.
141--49 FR 6102; February 17, 1984.
147--49 FR 21058; May 18, 1984.
148--49 FR 22329; May 29, 1984.
151--49 FR 28565; July 13, 1984.
152--49 FR 29234; July 19, 1984.
153--49 FR 29237; July 19, 1984.
154--49 FR 30201; July 27, 1984.
155--49 FR 31421; August 7, 1984.
158--49 FR 34500; August 31, 1984.
162--49 FR 40038; October 12, 1984.
165--49 FR 44756; November 9, 1984.
167--49 FR 47400; December 4, 1984.
172--50 FR 5758; February 12, 1985.
175--50 FR 12309; March 28, 1985.
176--50 FR 15567; April 19, 1985.
177--50 FR 16682; April 26, 1985.
178--50 FR 19373; May 8, 1985.
179--50 FR 19377; May 8, 1985.
180--50 FR 20214; May 15, 1985.
181--50 FR 20786; May 20, 1985.
187--50 FR 26572; June 27, 1985.
190--50 FR 29341; July 18, 1985.
191--50 FR 29344; July 18, 1985.
192--50 FR 29349; July 18, 1985.
194--50 FR 31190; August 1, 1985.
197--50 FR 32575; August 13, 1985.
198--50 FR 33731; August 21, 1985.
199--50 FR 33734; August 21, 1985.
200--50 FR 33737; August 21, 1985.
201--50 FR 36089; September 5, 1985.
202--50 FR 36091; September 5, 1985.
204--50 FR 37863; September 18, 1985.
207--50 FR 45624; November 1, 1985.
208--50 FR 45621; November 1, 1985.
209--50 FR 45624; November 1, 1985.
213--50 FR 51870; December 20, 1985.
214--51 FR 956; January 9, 1986.
215--51 FR 3185; January 24, 1986.
217--51 FR 6693; February 25, 1986.
218--51 FR 8683; March 13, 1986.
219--51 FR 9820; March 21, 1986.
220--51 FR 10521; March 26, 1986.
221--51 FR 10523; March 26, 1986.
225--51 FR 15906; April 29, 1986.
226--51 FR 15911; April 29, 1986.
229--51 FR 16530; May 5, 1986.
230--51 FR 17346; May 12, 1986.
231--51 FR 17974; May 16, 1986.
232--51 FR 17977; May 16, 1986.
234--51 FR 22524; June 20, 1986.
235--51 FR 23769; July 1, 1986.
237--51 FR 24672; July 8, 1986.
238--51 FR 24675; July 8, 1986.
240--51 FR 27500; July 31, 1986.
243--51 FR 34415; September 26, 1986.
244--51 FR 34419; September 26, 1986.
245--51 FR 34422; September 26, 1986.
249--51 FR 45907; December 23, 1986.
252--52 FR 679; January 8, 1987.
253--52 FR 682; January 8, 1987.
254--52 FR 784; January 9, 1987.
255--52 FR 1462; January 14, 1987.
256--52 FR 2234; January 21, 1987.
257--52 FR 4910; February 18, 1987.
259--52 FR 6651; March 4, 1987.
260--52 FR 7426; March 11, 1987.
264--52 FR 11175; April 7, 1987.
266--52 FR 15505; April 29, 1987.
270--52 FR 21480; June 5, 1987.
271--52 FR 21484; June 5, 1987.
274--52 FR 22589; June 12, 1987.
275--52 FR 22933; June 16, 1987.
276--52 FR 22936; June 16, 1987.
277--52 FR 22939; June 16, 1987.
285--52 FR 32929; September 1, 1987.
286--52 FR 34917; September 16, 1987.
291--52 FR 36270; September 28, 1987.
293--52 FR 37420; October 6, 1987.
295--52 FR 41440; October 28, 1987.
297--52 FR 42071; November 2, 1987.
298--52 FR 42657; November 6, 1987.
300--52 FR 44401; November 19, 1987.
301--52 FR 46087; December 4, 1987.
302--53 FR 3565; February 5, 1988.
[[Page 82]]
303--53 FR 3567; February 5, 1988.
305--53 FR 4629; February 17, 1988.
306--53 FR 10884; April 4, 1988.
307--53 FR 11612; April 7, 1988.
308--53 FR 11615; April 7, 1988.
309--53 FR 23742; June 23, 1988.
310--53 FR 23745; June 23, 1988.
311--53 FR 23748; June 23, 1988.
314--53 FR 27137; July 18, 1988.
315--53 FR 27141; July 18, 1988.
318--53 FR 32827; August 26, 1988.
319--53 FR 32830; August 26, 1988.
321--53 FR 33996; September 1, 1988.
324--53 FR 34701; September 7, 1988.
325--53 FR 34705; September 7, 1988.
326--53 FR 35080; September 9, 1988.
329--53 FR 37972; September 28, 1988.
330--53 FR 37975; September 28, 1988.
331--53 FR 37978; September 28, 1988.
332--53 FR 37982; September 28, 1988.
333--53 FR 38451; September 30, 1988.
335--53 FR 38456; September 30, 1988.
339--53 FR 38474; September 30, 1988.
341--53 FR 45861; November 14, 1988.
343--54 FR 2134; January 19, 1989.
344--54 FR 5938; February 7, 1989.
346--54 FR 10154; March 10, 1989.
347--54 FR 14967; April 14, 1989.
352--54 FR 29658; July 13, 1989.
353--54 FR 29663; July 13, 1989.
354--54 FR 29730; July 14, 1989.
355--54 FR 30554; July 21, 1989.
356--54 FR 31196; July 27, 1989.
360--54 FR 35305; August 24, 1989.
362--54 FR 38947; September 21, 1989.
363--54 FR 38950; September 21, 1989.
367--54 FR 39857; September 28, 1989.
368--54 FR 39863; September 28, 1989.
373--55 FR 433; January 5, 1990.
374--55 FR 4157; February 6, 1990.
375--55 FR 4159; February 6, 1990.
379--55 FR 12790; April 5, 1990.
380--55 FR 12793; April 5, 1990.
381--55 FR 12797; April 5, 1990.
385--55 FR 13491; April 10, 1990.
386--55 FR 13911; April 13, 1990.
389--55 FR 24246; June 15, 1990.
392--55 FR 25599; June 21, 1990.
395--55 FR 29370; July 19, 1990.
397--55 FR 32255; August 8, 1990.
398--55 FR 32257; August 8, 1990.
402--55 FR 39864; September 28, 1990.
403--55 FR 39867; September 28, 1990.
406--55 FR 49050; November 26, 1990.
409--55 FR 50187; December 5, 1990.
413--56 FR 1454; January 14, 1991.
414--56 FR 1457; January 14, 1991.
418--56 FR 1936; January 18, 1991.
420--56 FR 16024; April 19, 1991.
422--56 FR 19959; May 1, 1991.
424--56 FR 21091; May 7, 1991.
425--56 FR 21096; May 7, 1991.
429--56 FR 32983; July 18, 1991.
430--56 FR 34154; July 26, 1991.
434--56 FR 46239; September 11, 1991.
435--56 FR 47694; September 20, 1991.
436--56 FR 47699; September 20, 1991.
437--56 FR 48751; September 26, 1991.
438--56 FR 48755; September 26, 1991.
439--56 FR 49636; September 30, 1991.
440--56 FR 49639; September 30, 1991.
441--56 FR 49643; September 30, 1991.
445--56 FR 49853; October 2, 1991.
448--56 FR 55785; October 29, 1991.
450--56 FR 57849; November 14, 1991.
451--56 FR 60937; November 29, 1991.
452--56 FR 60940; November 29, 1991.
453--56 FR 61182; December 2, 1991.
457--57 FR 1403; January 14, 1992.
458--57 FR 2053; January 17, 1992.
460--57 FR 14653; April 22, 1992.
461--57 FR 14785; April 22, 1992.
463--57 FR 19819; May 8, 1992.
464--57 FR 20588; May 13, 1992.
465--57 FR 20592; May 13, 1992.
466--57 FR 20595; May 13, 1992.
467--57 FR 20787; May 15, 1992.
468--57 FR 21564; May 20, 1992.
470--57 FR 21574; May 20, 1992.
471--57 FR 24199; June 8, 1992.
472--57 FR 27858; June 22, 1992.
473--57 FR 27863; June 22, 1992.
474--57 FR 27867; June 22, 1992.
476--57 FR 30168; July 8, 1992.
478--57 FR 44708; September 29, 1992.
480--57 FR 46339; October 8, 1992.
481--57 FR 46344; October 8, 1992.
482--57 FR 48747; October 28, 1992.
490--58 FR 8242; February 12, 1993.
491--58 FR 11552; February 26, 1993.
497--58 FR 18035; April 7, 1993.
498--58 FR 18041; April 7, 1993.
500--58 FR 25754; April 27, 1993.
501--58 FR 25758; April 27, 1993.
504--58 FR 32311; June 9, 1993.
506--58 FR 35891; July 2, 1993.
507--58 FR 37443; July 12, 1993.
509--58 FR 40547; July 28, 1993.
510--58 FR 40551; July 28, 1993.
511--58 FR 41383; August 3, 1993.
512--58 FR 41391; August 3, 1993.
515--58 FR 49879; September 23, 1993.
519--58 FR 52030; October 6, 1993.
521--58 FR 53807; October 18, 1993.
523--58 FR 62050; November 24, 1993.
524--58 FR 68480; December 27, 1993.
528--59 FR 5510; February 4, 1994.
529--59 FR 8141; February 18, 1994.
530--59 FR 9327; February 25, 1994.
531--59 FR 9937; March 2, 1994.
532--59 FR 10324; March 4, 1994.
535--59 FR 13840; March 23, 1994.
536--59 FR 14493; March 28, 1994.
541--59 FR 32937; June 27, 1994.
542--59 FR 35864; July 14, 1994.
544--59 FR 42176; August 17, 1994.
547--59 FR 43652; August 24, 1994.
548--59 FR 43664; August 24, 1994.
551--59 FR 46718; September 9, 1994.
553--59 FR 49031; September 26, 1994.
555--59 FR 49863; September 30, 1994.
556--59 FR 50857; October 6, 1994.
558--59 FR 56333; November 10, 1994.
559--59 FR 56350; November 10, 1994.
[[Page 83]]
560--59 FR 59177; November 16, 1994.
564--59 FR 60568; November 25, 1994.
565--59 FR 62352; December 05, 1994.
567--59 FR 64623; December 15, 1994.
570--60 FR 61; January 3, 1995.
572--60 FR 3562; January 18, 1995.
575--60 FR 6684; February 3, 1995.
578--60 FR 12486; March 7, 1995.
581--61 FR 10697; March 15, 1996.
584--61 FR 31058; June 19, 1996.
586--61 FR 41023; August 7, 1996.
587--61 FR 43184; August 21, 1996.
589--61 FR 52384; October 7, 1996.
590--61 FR 53088; October 10, 1996.
591--61 FR 53107; October 10, 1996.
592--61 FR 53123; October 10, 1996.
593--61 FR 53130; October 10, 1996.
594--61 FR 53137; October 10, 1996.
595--61 FR 53152; October 10, 1996.
596--61 FR 54358; October 18, 1996.
599--61 FR 67497; December 23, 1996.
600--62 FR 689; January 6, 1997.
601--62 FR 1647; January 10, 1997.
603--62 FR 1694; January 13, 1997.
606--62 FR 4182; January 29, 1997.
609--62 FR 5551; February 6, 1997.
611--62 FR 14351; March 26, 1997.
615--62 FR 31748; June 11, 1997.
619--62 FR 33037; June 18, 1997.
620--62 FR 33373; June 19, 1997.
623--62 FR 40973; July 31, 1997.
624--62 FR 42702; August 8, 1997.
625--62 FR 54807; October 22, 1997.
627--62 FR 61925; November 20, 1997.
635--63 FR 19849; April 22, 1998.
640--63 FR 43115; August 12, 1998.
641--63 FR 44594; August 20, 1998.
643--63 FR 49034; September 14, 1998.
644--63 FR 49021; September 14, 1998.
647--63 FR 53615; October 6, 1998.
648--63 FR 54970; October 13, 1998.
649--63 FR 54956; October 13, 1998.
650--63 FR 54994; October 13, 1998.
652--63 FR 59244; November 3, 1998.
657--64 FR 13120; March 17, 1999.
661--64 FR 28412; May 26, 1999.
662--64 FR 28403; May 26, 1999.
663--64 FR 28392; May 26, 1999.
666--64 FR 48323; September 3, 1999.
667--64 FR 56590; October 20, 1999.
668--64 FR 56596; October 20, 1999.
671--64 FR 63752; November 22, 1999.
672--64 FR 69203; December 10, 1999.
673--64 FR 71687; December 22, 1999.
678--65 FR 3875; January 25, 2000.
679--65 FR 3890; January 25, 2000.
681--65 FR 4162; January 26, 2000.
683--65 FR 5275; February 3, 2000.
684--65 FR 6338; February 9, 2000.
685--65 FR 7764; February 16, 2000.
689--65 FR 14887; March 20, 2000.
690--65 FR 14909; March 20, 2000.
691--65 FR 14897; March 20, 2000.
704--65 FR 62310; October 18, 2000.
708--66 FR 27908; May 21, 2001.
711--66 FR 49567; September 28, 2001.
712--66 FR 51606; October 10, 2001.
720--67 FR 1668; January 14, 2002.
721--67 FR 3125; January 23, 2002.
722--67 FR 5525; February 6, 2002.
723--67 FR 11449; March 14, 2002.
727--67 FR 44382; July 2, 2002.
733--67 FR 68015; November 7, 2002.
736--68 FR 16988; April 8, 2003.
739--68 FR 59344; October 15, 2003.
742--69 FR 18506, April 8, 2004.
Editorial Note 1: For Federal Register citations affecting the table
in Sec. 17.12(h), see the listing above.
Editorial Note 2: For Federal Register citations affecting Sec.
17.12, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the
Finding Aids section of the printed volume and on GPO Access.
Subpart C_Endangered Wildlife
Sec. 17.21 Prohibitions.
(a) Except as provided in subpart A of this part, or under permits
issued pursuant to Sec. 17.22 or Sec. 17.23, it is unlawful for any
person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States to commit, to
attempt to commit, to solicit another to commit or to cause to be
committed, any of the acts described in paragraphs (b) through (f) of
this section in regard to any endangered wildlife.
(b) Import or export. It is unlawful to import or to export any
endangered wildlife. Any shipment in transit through the United States
is an importation and an exportation, whether or not it has entered the
country for customs purposes.
(c) Take. (1) It is unlawful to take endangered wildlife within the
United States, within the territorial sea of the United States, or upon
the high seas. The high seas shall be all waters seaward of the
territorial sea of the United States, except waters officially
recognized by the United States as the territorial sea of another
country, under international law.
(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (c)(1) of this section, any person may
take endangered wildlife in defense of his own life or the lives of
others.
(3) Notwithstanding paragraph (c)(1) of this section, any employee
or agent of the Service, any other Federal land management agency, the
National Marine Fisheries Service, or a State conservation agency, who
is designated by his agency for such purposes, may,
[[Page 84]]
when acting in the course of his official duties, take endangered
wildlife without a permit if such action is necessary to:
(i) Aid a sick, injured or orphaned specimen; or
(ii) Dispose of a dead specimen; or
(iii) Salvage a dead specimen which may be useful for scientific
study; or
(iv) Remove specimens which constitute a demonstrable but
nonimmediate threat to human safety, provided that the taking is done in
a humane manner; the taking may involve killing or injuring only if it
has not been reasonably possible to eliminate such threat by live-
capturing and releasing the specimen unharmed, in a remote area.
(4) Any taking under paragraphs (c)(2) and (3) of this section must
be reported in writing to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of
Law Enforcement, 4401 North Fairfax Drive, LE-3000, Arlington, VA 22203,
within five days. The specimen may only be retained, disposed of, or
salvaged under directions from the Office of Law Enforcement.
(5) Notwithstanding paragraph (c)(1) of this section, any qualified
employee or agent of a State Conservation Agency which is a party to a
Cooperative Agreement with the Service in accordance with section 6(c)
of the Act, who is designated by his agency for such purposes, may, when
acting in the course of his official duties take those endangered
species which are covered by an approved cooperative agreement for
conservation programs in accordance with the Cooperative Agreement,
provided that such taking is not reasonably anticipated to result in:
(i) The death or permanent disabling of the specimen;
(ii) The removal of the specimen from the State where the taking
occurred;
(iii) The introduction of the specimen so taken, or of any progeny
derived from such a specimen, into an area beyond the historical range
of the species; or
(iv) The holding of the specimen in captivity for a period of more
than 45 consecutive days.
(6) Notwithstanding paragraph (c)(1) of this section, any person
acting under a valid migratory bird rehabilitation permit issued
pursuant to Sec. 21.31 of this subchapter may take endangered migratory
birds without an endangered species permit if such action is necessary
to aid a sick, injured, or orphaned endangered migratory bird, provided
the permittee:
(i) Notifies the issuing Migratory Bird Permit Office immediately
upon receipt of such bird (contact information for your issuing office
is listed on your permit and on the Internet at http://offices.fws.gov);
and
(ii) Disposes of or transfers such birds, or their parts or
feathers, as directed by the Migratory Bird Permit Office.
(7) Notwithstanding paragraph (c)(1) of this section, persons exempt
from the permit requirements of Sec. 21.12(c) and (d) of this
subchapter may take sick and injured endangered migratory birds without
an endangered species permit in performing the activities authorized
under Sec. 21.12(c) and (d).
(d) Possession and other acts with unlawfully taken wildlife. (1) It
is unlawful to possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, or ship, by any
means whatsoever, any endangered wildlife which was taken in violation
of paragraph (c) of this section.
Example A person captures a whooping crane in Texas and gives it to
a second person, who puts it in a closed van and drives thirty miles, to
another location in Texas. The second person then gives the whooping
crane to a third person, who is apprehended with the bird in his
possession. All three have violated the law--the first by illegally
taking the whooping crane; the second by transporting an illegally taken
whooping crane; and the third by possessing an illegally taken whooping
crane.
(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (d)(1) of this section, Federal and
State law enforcement officers may possess, deliver, carry, transport or
ship any endangered wildlife taken in violation of the Act as necessary
in performing their official duties.
(3) Notwithstanding paragraph (d)(1) of this section, any person
acting under a valid migratory bird rehabilitation permit issued
pursuant to Sec. 21.31 of this subchapter may possess and transport
endangered migratory birds without an endangered species permit when
such
[[Page 85]]
action is necessary to aid a sick, injured, or orphaned endangered
migratory bird, provided the permittee:
(i) Notifies the issuing Migratory Bird Permit Office immediately
upon receipt of such bird (contact information for your issuing office
is listed on your permit and on the Internet at http://offices.fws.gov);
and
(ii) Disposes of or transfers such birds, or their parts or
feathers, as directed by the Migratory Bird Permit Office.
(4) Notwithstanding paragraph (d)(1) of this section, persons exempt
from the permit requirements of Sec. 21.12(c) and (d) of this
subchapter may possess and transport sick and injured endangered
migratory bird species without an endangered species permit in
performing the activities authorized under Sec. 21.12(c) and (d).
(e) Interstate or foreign commerce. It is unlawful to deliver,
receive, carry transport, or ship in interstate or foreign commerce, by
any means whatsoever, and in the course of a commercial activity, any
endangered wildlife.
(f) Sale or offer for sale. (1) It is unlawful to sell or to offer
for sale in interstate or foreign commerce any endangered wildlife.
(2) An advertisement for the sale of endangered wildlife which
carries a warning to the effect that no sale may be consummated until a
permit has been obtained from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service shall
not be considered an offer for sale within the meaning of this section.
(g) Captive-bred wildlife. (1) Notwithstanding paragraphs (b), (c),
(e) and (f) of this section, any person may take; export or re-import;
deliver, receive, carry, transport or ship in interstate or foreign
commerce, in the course of a commercial activity; or sell or offer for
sale in interstate or foreign commerce any endangered wildlife that is
bred in captivity in the United States provided either that the wildlife
is of a taxon listed in paragraph (g)(6) of this section, or that the
following conditions are met:
(i) The wildlife is of a species having a natural geographic
distribution not including any part of the United States, or the
wildlife is of a species that the Director has determined to be eligible
in accordance with paragraph (g)(5) of this section;
(ii) The purpose of such activity is to enhance the propagation or
survival of the affected species;
(iii) Such activity does not involve interstate or foreign commerce,
in the course of a commercial activity, with respect to non-living
wildlife;
(iv) Each specimen of wildlife to be re-imported is uniquely
identified by a band, tattoo or other means that was reported in writing
to an official of the Service at a port of export prior to export from
the United States; and
(v) Any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States who
engages in any of the activities authorized by this paragraph does so in
accordance with paragraphs (g) (2), (3) and (4) of this section, and
with all other applicable regulations in this Subchapter B.
(2) Any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States
seeking to engage in any of the activities authorized by this paragraph
must first register with the Service (Office of Management Authority,
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, Arlington,
Virginia 22203). Requests for registration must be submitted on an
official application form (Form 3-200-41) provided by the Service, and
must include the following information:
(i) The types of wildlife sought to be covered by the registration,
identified by common and scientific name to the taxonomic level of
family, genus or species;
(ii) A description of the applicant's experience in maintaining and
propagating the types of wildlife sought to be covered by the
registration, and when appropriate, in conducting research directly
related to maintaining and propagating such wildlife;
(iii) Photograph(s) or other evidence clearly depicting the
facilities where such wildlife will be maintained; and
(iv) a copy of the applicant's license or registration, if any,
under the animal welfare regulations of the U.S. Department of
Agriculture (9 CFR part 2).
(3) Upon receiving a complete application, the Director will decide
whether or not the registration will be approved. In making this
decision, the Director will consider, in addition to
[[Page 86]]
the general criteria in Sec. 13.21(b) of this subchapter, whether the
expertise, facilities or other resources available to the applicant
appear adequate to enhance the propagation or survival of the affected
wildlife. Public education activities may not be the sole basis to
justify issuance of a registration or to otherwise establish eligibility
for the exception granted in paragraph (g)(1) of this section. Each
person so registered must maintain accurate written records of
activities conducted under the registration, and allow reasonable access
to Service agents for inspection purposes as set forth in Sec. Sec.
13.46 and 13.47. Each person registered must submit to the Director an
individual written annual report of activities, including all births,
deaths and transfers of any type.
(4) Any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States
seeking to export or conduct foreign commerce in captive-bred endangered
wildlife that will not remain under the care of that person must first
obtain approval by providing written evidence to satisfy the Director
that the proposed recipient of the wildlife has expertise, facilities or
other resources adequate to enhance the propagation or survival of such
wildlife and that the proposed recipient will use such wildlife for
purposes of enhancing the propagation or survival of the affected
species.
(5)(i) The Director will use the following criteria to determine if
wildlife of any species having a natural geographic distribution that
includes any part of the United States is eligible for the provisions of
this paragraph:
(A) Whether there is a low demand for taking of the species from
wild populations, either because of the success of captive breeding or
because of other reasons, and
(B) Whether the wild populations of the species are effectively
protected from unauthorized taking as a result of the inaccessibility of
their habitat to humans or as a result of the effectiveness of law
enforcement.
(ii) The Director will follow the procedures set forth in the Act
and in the regulations thereunder with respect to petitions and
notification of the public and governors of affected States when
determining the eligibility of species for purposes of this paragraph.
(iii) In accordance with the criteria in paragraph (g)(5)(i) of this
section, the Director has determined the following species to be
eligible for the provisions of this paragraph:
Laysan duck (Anas laysanensis).
(6) Any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States
seeking to engage in any of the activities authorized by paragraph
(g)(1) of this section may do so without first registering with the
Service with respect to the bar-tailed pheasant (Syrmaticus humiae),
Elliot's pheasant (S. ellioti), Mikado pheasant (S. mikado), brown eared
pheasant (Crossoptilon mantchuricum), white eared pheasant (C.
crossoptilon), cheer pheasant (Catreus wallichii), Edward's pheasant
(Lophura edwardsi), Swinhoe's pheasant (L. swinhoii), Chinese monal
(Lophophorus lhuysii), and Palawan peacock pheasant (Polyplectron
emphanum); parakeets of the species Neophema pulchella and N. splendida;
the Laysan duck (Anas laysanensis); the white-winged wood duck (Cairina
scutulata); and the inter-subspecific crossed or ``generic'' tiger
(Panthera tigris) (i e., specimens not identified or identifiable as
members of the Bengal, Sumatran, Siberian or Indochinese subspecies
(Panthera tigris tigris, P.t. sumatrae, P.t. altaica and P.t. corbetti,
respectively) provided:
(i) The purpose of such activity is to enhance the propagation or
survival of the affected exempted species;
(ii) Such activity does not involve interstate or foreign commerce,
in the course of a commercial activity, with respect to non-living
wildlife;
(iii) Each specimen to be re-imported is uniquely identified by a
band, tattoo or other means that was reported in writing to an official
of the Service at a port of export prior to export of the specimen from
the United States;
(iv) No specimens of the taxa in this paragraph (g)(6) of this
section that were taken from the wild may be imported for breeding
purposes absent a definitive showing that the need for new bloodlines
can only be met by wild specimens, that suitable foreign-bred, captive
individuals are unavailable, and that wild populations can sustain
[[Page 87]]
limited taking, and an import permit is issued under Sec. 17.22;
(v) Any permanent exports of such specimens meet the requirements of
paragraph (g)(4) of this section; and
(vi) Each person claiming the benefit of the exception in paragraph
(g)(1) of this section must maintain accurate written records of
activities, including births, deaths and transfers of specimens, and
make those records accessible to Service agents for inspection at
reasonable hours as set forth in Sec. Sec. 13.46 and 13.47.
[40 FR 44415, Sept. 26, 1975, as amended at 40 FR 53400, Nov. 18, 1975;
41 FR 19226, May 11, 1976; 44 FR 31580, May 31, 1979; 44 FR 54007, Sept.
17, 1979; 58 FR 68325, Dec. 27, 1993; 63 FR 48640, Sept. 11, 1998; 68 FR
2919, Jan. 22, 2003; 68 FR 61136, Oct. 27, 2003]
Effective Date Note: At 70 FR 52318, Sept. 2, 2005, Sec. 17.21 was
amended by adding paragraph (h), effective Oct. 3, 2005. For the
convenience of the user the added text is set forth as follows:
Sec. 17.21 Prohibitions.
* * * * *
(h) U.S. captive-bred scimitar-horned oryx, addax, and dama gazelle.
Notwithstanding paragraphs (b), (c), (e), and (f) of this section, any
person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States may take; export
or re-import; deliver, receive, carry, transport or ship in interstate
or foreign commerce, in the course of a commercial activity; or sell or
offer for sale in interstate or foreign commerce live wildlife,
including embryos and gametes, and sport-hunted trophies of scimitar-
horned oryx (Oryx dammah), addax (Addax nasomaculatus), and dama gazelle
(Gazella dama) provided:
(1) The purpose of such activity is associated with the management
or transfer of live wildlife, including embryos and gametes, or sport
hunting in a manner that contributes to increasing or sustaining captive
numbers or to potential reintroduction to range countries;
(2) The specimen was captive-bred, in accordance with Sec. 17.3,
within the United States;
(3) All live specimens of that species held by the captive-breeding
operation are managed in a manner that prevents hybridization of the
species or subspecies.
(4) All live specimens of that species held by the captive-breeding
operation are managed in a manner that maintains genetic diversity.
(5) Any export of or foreign commerce in a specimen meets the
requirements of paragraph (g)(4) of this section, as well as parts 13,
14, and 23 of this chapter;
(6) Each specimen to be re-imported is uniquely identified by a
tattoo or other means that is reported on the documentation required
under paragraph (h)(5) of this section; and
(7) Each person claiming the benefit of the exception of this
paragraph (h) must maintain accurate written records of activities,
including births, deaths, and transfers of specimens, and make those
records accessible to Service officials for inspection at reasonable
hours set forth in Sec. Sec. 13.46 and 13.47 of this chapter.
(8) The sport-hunted trophy consists of raw or tanned parts, such as
bones, hair, head, hide, hooves, horns, meat, skull, rug, taxidermied
head, shoulder, or full body mount, of a specimen that was taken by the
hunter during a sport hunt for personal use. It does not include
articles made from a trophy, such as worked, manufactured, or handicraft
items for use as clothing, curios, ornamentation, jewelry, or other
utilitarian items for commercial purposes.
Sec. 17.22 Permits for scientific purposes, enhancement of propagation
or survival, or for incidental taking.
Upon receipt of a complete application, the Director may issue a
permit authorizing any activity otherwise prohibited by Sec. 17.21, in
accordance with the issuance criteria of this section, for scientific
purposes, for enhancing the propagation or survival, or for the
incidental taking of endangered wildlife. Such permits may authorize a
single transaction, a series of transactions, or a number of activities
over a specific period of time. (See Sec. 17.32 for permits for
threatened species.) The Director shall publish notice in the Federal
Register of each application for a permit that is made under this
section. Each notice shall invite the submission from interested
parties, within 30 days after the date of the notice, of written data,
views, or arguments with respect to the application. The 30-day period
may be waived by the Director in an emergency situation where the life
or health of an endangered animal is threatened and no reasonable
alternative is available to the applicant. Notice of any such waiver
shall be published in the Federal Register within 10 days following
issuance of the permit.
[[Page 88]]
(a)(1) Application requirements for permits for scientific purposes
or for the enhancement of propagation or survival. A person wishing to
get a permit for an activity prohibited by Sec. 17.21 submits an
application for activities under this paragraph. The Service provides
Form 3-200 for the application to which all of the following must be
attained:
(i) The common and scientific names of the species sought to the
covered by the permit, as well as the number, age, and sex of such
species, and the activity sought to be authorized (such as taking,
exporting, selling in interstate commerce);
(ii) A statement as to whether, at the time of application, the
wildlife sought to be covered by the permit (A) is still in the wild,
(B) has already been removed from the wild, or (C) was born in
captivity;
(iii) A resume of the applicant's attempts to obtain the wildlife
sought to be covered by the permit in a manner which would not cause the
death or removal from the wild of such wildlife;
(iv) If the wildlife sought to be covered by the permit has already
been removed from the wild, the country and place where such removal
occurred; if the wildlife sought to be covered by the permit was born in
captivity, the country and place where such wildlife was born;
(v) A complete description and address of the institution or other
facility where the wildlife sought to be covered by the permit will be
used, displayed, or maintained;
(vi) If the applicant seeks to have live wildlife covered by the
permit, a complete description, including photographs or diagrams, of
the facilities to house and/or care for the wildlife and a resume of the
experience of those person who will be caring for the wildlife;
(vii) A full statement of the reasons why the applicant is justified
in obtaining a permit including the details of the activities sought to
be authorized by the permit;
(viii) If the application is for the purpose of enhancement of
propagation, a statement of the applicant's willingness to participate
in a cooperative breeding program and to maintain or contribute data to
a studbook;
(2) Issuance criteria. Upon receiving an application completed in
accordance with paragraph (a)(1) of this section, the Director will
decide whether or not a permit should be issued. In making this
decision, the Director shall consider, in addition to the general
criteria in Sec. 13.21(b) of this subchapter, the following factors:
(i) Whether the purpose for which the permit is required is adequate
to justify removing from the wild or otherwise changing the status of
the wildlife sought to be covered by the permit;
(ii) The probable direct and indirect effect which issuing the
permit would have on the wild populations of the wildlife sought to be
covered by the permit;
(iii) Whether the permit, if issued, would in any way, directly or
indirectly, conflict with any known program intended to enhance the
survival probabilities of the population from which the wildlife sought
to be covered by the permit was or would be removed;
(iv) Whether the purpose for which the permit is required would be
likely to reduce the threat of extinction facing the species of wildlife
sought to be covered by the permit;
(v) The opinions or views of scientists or other persons or
organizations having expertise concerning the wildlife or other matters
germane to the application; and
(vi) Whether the expertise, facilities, or other resources available
to the applicant appear adequate to successfully accomplish the
objectives stated in the application.
(3) Permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set
forth in part 13 of this subchapter, every permit issued under this
paragraph shall be subject to the special condition that the escape of
living wildlife covered by the permit shall be immediately reported to
the Service office designated in the permit.
(4) Duration of permits. The duration of permits issued under this
paragraph shall be designated on the face of the permit.
[[Page 89]]
(b)(1) Application requirements for permits for incidental taking. A
person wishing to get a permit for an activity prohibited by Sec.
17.21(c) submits an application for activities under this paragraph. The
Service provides Form 3-200 for the application to which all of the
following must be attached:
(i) A complete description of the activity sought to be authorized;
(ii) The common and scientific names of the species sought to be
covered by the permit, as well as the number, age, and sex of such
species, if known;
(iii) A conservation plan that specifies:
(A) The impact that will likely result from such taking;
(B) What steps the applicant will take to monitor, minimize, and
mitigate such impacts, the funding that will be available to implement
such steps, and the procedures to be used to deal with unforeseen
circumstances;
(C) What alternative actions to such taking the applicant considered
and the reasons why such alternatives are not proposed to be utilized;
and
(D) Such other measures that the Director may require as being
necessary or appropriate for purposes of the plan;
(2) Issuance criteria. (i) Upon receiving an application completed
in accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of this section, the Director will
decide whether or not a permit should be issued. The Director shall
consider the general issuance criteria in Sec. 13.21(b) of this
subchapter, except for Sec. 13.21(b)(4), and shall issue the permit if
he or she finds that:
(A) The taking will be incidental;
(B) The applicant will, to the maximum extent practicable, minimize
and mitigate the impacts of such takings;
(C) The applicant will ensure that adequate funding for the
conservation plan and procedures to deal with unforeseen circumstances
will be provided;
(D) The taking will not appreciably reduce the likelihood of the
survival and recovery of the species in the wild;
(E) The measures, if any, required under paragraph (b)(1)(iii)(D) of
this section will be met; and
(F) He or she has received such other assurances as he or she may
require that the plan will be implemented.
(ii) In making his or her decision, the Director shall also consider
the anticipated duration and geographic scope of the applicant's planned
activities, including the amount of listed species habitat that is
involved and the degree to which listed species and their habitats are
affected.
(3) Permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set
forth in part 13 of this subchapter, every permit issued under this
paragraph shall contain such terms and conditions as the Director deems
necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of the permit and the
conservation plan including, but not limited to, monitoring and
reporting requirements deemed necessary for determining whether such
terms and conditions are being complied with. The Director shall rely
upon existing reporting requirements to the maximum extent practicable.
(4) Duration of permits. The duration of permits issued under this
paragraph shall be sufficient to provide adequate assurances to the
permittee to commit funding necessary for the activities authorized by
the permit, including conservation activities and land use restrictions.
In determining the duration of a permit, the Director shall consider the
duration of the planned activities, as well as the possible positive and
negative effects associated with permits of the proposed duration on
listed species, including the extent to which the conservation plan will
enhance the habitat of listed species and increase the long-term
survivability of such species.
(5) Assurances provided to permittee in case of changed or
unforeseen circumstances. The assurances in this paragraph (b)(5) apply
only to incidental take permits issued in accordance with paragraph
(b)(2) of this section where the conservation plan is being properly
implemented, and apply only with respect to species adequately covered
by the conservation plan. These assurances cannot be provided to Federal
agencies. This rule does not apply to incidental take permits issued
prior to March 25, 1998. The assurances provided in incidental take
permits issued prior to March 25, 1998 remain in effect, and those
permits will not be revised as a result of this rulemaking.
[[Page 90]]
(i) Changed circumstances provided for in the plan. If additional
conservation and mitigation measures are deemed necessary to respond to
changed circumstances and were provided for in the plan's operating
conservation program, the permittee will implement the measures
specified in the plan.
(ii) Changed circumstances not provided for in the plan. If
additional conservation and mitigation measures are deemed necessary to
respond to changed circumstances and such measures were not provided for
in the plan's operating conservation program, the Director will not
require any conservation and mitigation measures in addition to those
provided for in the plan without the consent of the permittee, provided
the plan is being properly implemented.
(iii) Unforeseen circumstances. (A) In negotiating unforeseen
circumstances, the Director will not require the commitment of
additional land, water, or financial compensation or additional
restrictions on the use of land, water, or other natural resources
beyond the level otherwise agreed upon for the species covered by the
conservation plan without the consent of the permittee.
(B) If additional conservation and mitigation measures are deemed
necessary to respond to unforeseen circumstances, the Director may
require additional measures of the permittee where the conservation plan
is being properly implemented, but only if such measures are limited to
modifications within conserved habitat areas, if any, or to the
conservation plan's operating conservation program for the affected
species, and maintain the original terms of the conservation plan to the
maximum extent possible. Additional conservation and mitigation measures
will not involve the commitment of additional land, water or financial
compensation or additional restrictions on the use of land, water, or
other natural resources otherwise available for development or use under
the original terms of the conservation plan without the consent of the
permittee.
(C) The Director will have the burden of demonstrating that
unforeseen circumstances exist, using the best scientific and commercial
data available. These findings must be clearly documented and based upon
reliable technical information regarding the status and habitat
requirements of the affected species. The Director will consider, but
not be limited to, the following factors:
(1) Size of the current range of the affected species;
(2) Percentage of range adversely affected by the conservation plan;
(3) Percentage of range conserved by the conservation plan;
(4) Ecological significance of that portion of the range affected by
the conservation plan;
(5) Level of knowledge about the affected species and the degree of
specificity of the species' conservation program under the conservation
plan; and
(6) Whether failure to adopt additional conservation measures would
appreciably reduce the likelihood of survival and recovery of the
affected species in the wild.
(6) Nothing in this rule will be construed to limit or constrain the
Director, any Federal, State, local, or Tribal government agency, or a
private entity, from taking additional actions at its own expense to
protect or conserve a species included in a conservation plan.
(7) Discontinuance of permit activity. Notwithstanding the
provisions of Sec. 13.26 of this subchapter, a permittee under this
paragraph (b) remains responsible for any outstanding minimization and
mitigation measures required under the terms of the permit for take that
occurs prior to surrender of the permit and such minimization and
mitigation measures as may be required pursuant to the termination
provisions of an implementing agreement, habitat conservation plan, or
permit even after surrendering the permit to the Service pursuant to
Sec. 13.26 of this subchapter. The permit shall be deemed canceled only
upon a determination by the Service that such minimization and
mitigation measures have been implemented. Upon surrender of the permit,
no further take shall be authorized under the terms of the surrendered
permit.
(8) Criteria for revocation. A permit issued under paragraph (b) of
this section may not be revoked for any reason except those set forth in
Sec. 13.28(a)(1)
[[Page 91]]
through (4) of this subchapter or unless continuation of the permitted
activity would be inconsistent with the criterion set forth in 16 U.S.C.
1539(a)(2)(B)(iv) and the inconsistency has not been remedied.
(c)(1) Application requirements for permits for the enhancement of
survival through Safe Harbor Agreements. The applicant must submit an
application for a permit under this paragraph (c) to the appropriate
Regional Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, for the Region where
the applicant resides or where the proposed activity is to occur (for
appropriate addresses, see 50 CFR 10.22), if the applicant wishes to
engage in any activity prohibited by Sec. 17.21. The applicant must
submit an official Service application form (3-200.54) that includes the
following information:
(i) The common and scientific names of the listed species for which
the applicant requests incidental take authorization;
(ii) A description of how incidental take of the listed species
pursuant to the Safe Harbor Agreement is likely to occur, both as a
result of management activities and as a result of the return to
baseline; and
(iii) A Safe Harbor Agreement that complies with the requirements of
the Safe Harbor policy available from the Service.
(2) Issuance criteria. Upon receiving an application completed in
accordance with paragraph (c)(1) of this section, the Director will
decide whether or not to issue a permit. The Director shall consider the
general issuance criteria in Sec. 13.21(b) of this subchapter, except
for Sec. 13.21(b)(4), and may issue the permit if he or she finds:
(i) The take will be incidental to an otherwise lawful activity and
will be in accordance with the terms of the Safe Harbor Agreement;
(ii) The implementation of the terms of the Safe Harbor Agreement is
reasonably expected to provide a net conservation benefit to the
affected listed species by contributing to the recovery of listed
species included in the permit, and the Safe Harbor Agreement otherwise
complies with the Safe Harbor policy available from the Service;
(iii) The probable direct and indirect effects of any authorized
take will not appreciably reduce the likelihood of survival and recovery
in the wild of any listed species;
(iv) Implementation of the terms of the Safe Harbor Agreement is
consistent with applicable Federal, State, and Tribal laws and
regulations;
(v) Implementation of the terms of the Safe Harbor Agreement will
not be in conflict with any ongoing conservation or recovery programs
for listed species covered by the permit; and
(vi) The applicant has shown capability for and commitment to
implementing all of the terms of the Safe Harbor Agreement.
(3) Permit conditions. In addition to any applicable general permit
conditions set forth in part 13 of this subchapter, every permit issued
under this paragraph (c) is subject to the following special conditions:
(i) A requirement for the participating property owner to notify the
Service of any transfer of lands subject to a Safe Harbor Agreement;
(ii) When appropriate, a requirement for the permittee to give the
Service reasonable advance notice (generally at least 30 days) of when
he or she expects to incidentally take any listed species covered under
the permit. Such notification will provide the Service with an
opportunity to relocate affected individuals of the species, if possible
and appropriate; and
(iii) Any additional requirements or conditions the Director deems
necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of the permit and the
Safe Harbor Agreement.
(4) Permit effective date. Permits issued under this paragraph (c)
become effective the day of issuance for species covered by the Safe
Harbor Agreement.
(5) Assurances provided to permittee. (i) The assurances in
paragraph (c)(5) (ii) of this section (c)(5) apply only to Safe Harbor
permits issued in accordance with paragraph (c)(2) of this section where
the Safe Harbor Agreement is being properly implemented, and apply only
with respect to species covered by the Agreement and permit. These
assurances cannot be provided to Federal agencies. The assurances
provided in this section apply only to Safe Harbor permits issued after
July 19, 1999.
[[Page 92]]
(ii) The Director and the permittee may agree to revise or modify
the management measures set forth in a Safe Harbor Agreement if the
Director determines that such revisions or modifications do not change
the Director's prior determination that the Safe Harbor Agreement is
reasonably expected to provide a net conservation benefit to the listed
species. However, the Director may not require additional or different
management activities to be undertaken by a permittee without the
consent of the permittee.
(6) Additional actions. Nothing in this rule will be construed to
limit or constrain the Director, any Federal, State, local or Tribal
government agency, or a private entity, from taking additional actions
at its own expense to protect or conserve a species included in a Safe
Harbor Agreement.
(7) Criteria for revocation. The Director may not revoke a permit
issued under paragraph (c) of this section except as provided in this
paragraph. The Director may revoke a permit for any reason set forth in
Sec. 13.28(a)(1) through (4) of this subchapter. The Director may
revoke a permit if continuation of the permitted activity would either
appreciably reduce the likelihood of survival and recovery in the wild
of any listed species or directly or indirectly alter designated
critical habitat such that it appreciably diminishes the value of that
critical habitat for both the survival and recovery of a listed species.
Before revoking a permit for either of the latter two reasons, the
Director, with the consent of the permittee, will pursue all appropriate
options to avoid permit revocation. These options may include, but are
not limited to: extending or modifying the existing permit, capturing
and relocating the species, compensating the landowner to forgo the
activity, purchasing an easement or fee simple interest in the property,
or arranging for a third-party acquisition of an interest in the
property.
(8) Duration of permits. The duration of permits issued under this
paragraph (c) must be sufficient to provide a net conservation benefit
to species covered in the enhancement of survival permit. In determining
the duration of a permit, the Director will consider the duration of the
planned activities, as well as the positive and negative effects
associated with permits of the proposed duration on covered species,
including the extent to which the conservation activities included in
the Safe Harbor Agreement will enhance the survival and contribute to
the recovery of listed species included in the permit.
(d)(1) Application requirements for permits for the enhancement of
survival through Candidate Conservation Agreements with Assurances. The
applicant must submit an application for a permit under this paragraph
(d) to the appropriate Regional Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, for the Region where the applicant resides or where the
proposed activity is to occur (for appropriate addresses, see 50 CFR
10.22). When a species covered by a Candidate Conservation Agreement
with Assurances is listed as endangered and the applicant wishes to
engage in activities identified in the Agreement and otherwise
prohibited by Sec. 17.31, the applicant must apply for an enhancement
of survival permit for species covered by the Agreement. The permit will
become valid if and when covered proposed, candidate or other unlisted
species is listed as an endangered species. The applicant must submit an
official Service application form (3-200.54) that includes the following
information:
(i) The common and scientific names of the species for which the
applicant requests incidental take authorization;
(ii) A description of the land use or water management activity for
which the applicant requests incidental take authorization; and
(iii) A Candidate Conservation Agreement that complies with the
requirements of the Candidate Conservation Agreement with Assurances
policy available from the Service.
(2) Issuance criteria. Upon receiving an application completed in
accordance with paragraph (d)(1) of this section, the Director will
decide whether or not to issue a permit. The Director shall consider the
general issuance criteria in Sec. 13.21(b) of this subchapter, except
for Sec. 13.21(b)(4), and may issue the permit if he or she finds:
(i) The take will be incidental to an otherwise lawful activity and
will be in
[[Page 93]]
accordance with the terms of the Candidate Conservation Agreement;
(ii) The Candidate Conservation Agreement complies with the
requirements of the Candidate Conservation Agreement with Assurances
policy available from the Service;
(iii) The probable direct and indirect effects of any authorized
take will not appreciably reduce the likelihood of survival and recovery
in the wild of any species;
(iv) Implementation of the terms of the Candidate Conservation
Agreement is consistent with applicable Federal, State, and Tribal laws
and regulations;
(v) Implementation of the terms of the Candidate Conservation
Agreement will not be in conflict with any ongoing conservation programs
for species covered by the permit; and
(vi) The applicant has shown capability for and commitment to
implementing all of the terms of the Candidate Conservation Agreement.
(3) Permit conditions. In addition to any applicable general permit
conditions set forth in part 13 of this subchapter, every permit issued
under this paragraph (d) is subject to the following special conditions:
(i) A requirement for the property owner to notify the Service of
any transfer of lands subject to a Candidate Conservation Agreement;
(ii) When appropriate, a requirement for the permittee to give the
Service reasonable advance notice (generally at least 30 days) of when
he or she expects to incidentally take any listed species covered under
the permit. Such notification will provide the Service with an
opportunity to relocate affected individuals of the species, if possible
and appropriate; and
(iii) Any additional requirements or conditions the Director deems
necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of the permit and the
Candidate Conservation Agreement.
(4) Permit effective date. Permits issued under this paragraph (d)
become effective for a species covered by a Candidate Conservation
Agreement on the effective date of a final rule that lists a covered
species as endangered.
(5) Assurances provided to permittee in case of changed or
unforeseen circumstances. The assurances in this paragraph (d)(5) apply
only to permits issued in accordance with paragraph (d)(2) where the
Candidate Conservation with Assurances Agreement is being properly
implemented, and apply only with respect to species adequately covered
by the Candidate Conservation with Assurances Agreement. These
assurances cannot be provided to Federal agencies.
(i) Changed circumstances provided for in the Agreement. If the
Director determines that additional conservation measures are necessary
to respond to changed circumstances and these measures were set forth in
the Agreement, the permittee will implement the measures specified in
the Agreement.
(ii) Changed circumstances not provided for in the Agreement. If the
Director determines that additional conservation measures not provided
for in the Agreement are necessary to respond to changed circumstances,
the Director will not require any conservation measures in addition to
those provided for in the Agreement without the consent of the
permittee, provided the Agreement is being properly implemented.
(iii) Unforeseen circumstances. (A) In negotiating unforeseen
circumstances, the Director will not require the commitment of
additional land, water, or financial compensation or additional
restrictions on the use of land, water, or other natural resources
beyond the level otherwise agreed upon for the species covered by the
Agreement without the consent of the permittee.
(B) If the Director determines additional conservation measures are
necessary to respond to unforeseen circumstances, the Director may
require additional measures of the permittee where the Agreement is
being properly implemented, but only if such measures maintain the
original terms of the Agreement to the maximum extent possible.
Additional conservation measures will not involve the commitment of
additional land, water, or financial compensation or additional
restrictions on the use of land, water, or other natural resources
otherwise available for development or use under the original terms of
the Agreement without the consent of the permittee.
[[Page 94]]
(C) The Director will have the burden of demonstrating that
unforeseen circumstances exist, using the best scientific and commercial
data available. These findings must be clearly documented and based upon
reliable technical information regarding the status and habitat
requirements of the affected species. The Director will consider, but
not be limited to, the following factors:
(1) Size of the current range of the affected species;
(2) Percentage of range adversely affected by the Agreement;
(3) Percentage of range conserved by the Agreement;
(4) Ecological significance of that portion of the range affected by
the Agreement;
(5) Level of knowledge about the affected species and the degree of
specificity of the species' conservation program under the Agreement;
and
(6) Whether failure to adopt additional conservation measures would
appreciably reduce the likelihood of survival and recovery of the
affected species in the wild.
(6) Additional actions. Nothing in this rule will be construed to
limit or constrain the Director, any Federal, State, local or Tribal
government agency, or a private entity, from taking additional actions
at its own expense to protect or conserve a species included in a
Candidate Conservation with Assurances Agreement.
(7) Criteria for revocation. The Director may not revoke a permit
issued under paragraph (d) of this section except as provided in this
paragraph. The Director may revoke a permit for any reason set forth in
Sec. 13.28(a)(1) through (4) of this subchapter. The Director may
revoke a permit if continuation of the permitted activity would either
appreciably reduce the likelihood of survival and recovery in the wild
of any listed species or directly or indirectly alter designated
critical habitat such that it appreciably diminishes the value of that
critical habitat for both the survival and recovery of a listed species.
Before revoking a permit for either of the latter two reasons, the
Director, with the consent of the permittee, will pursue all appropriate
options to avoid permit revocation. These options may include, but are
not limited to: extending or modifying the existing permit, capturing
and relocating the species, compensating the landowner to forgo the
activity, purchasing an easement or fee simple interest in the property,
or arranging for a third-party acquisition of an interest in the
property.
(8) Duration of the Candidate Conservation Agreement. The duration
of a Candidate Conservation Agreement covered by a permit issued under
this paragraph (d) must be sufficient to enable the Director to
determine that the benefits of the conservation measures in the
Agreement, when combined with those benefits that would be achieved if
it is assumed that the conservation measures would also be implemented
on other necessary properties, would preclude or remove any need to list
the species covered by the Agreement.
(e) Objection to permit issuance. (1) In regard to any notice of a
permit application published in the Federal Register, any interested
party that objects to the issuance of a permit, in whole or in part,
may, during the comment period specified in the notice, request
notification of the final action to be taken on the application. A
separate written request shall be made for each permit application. Such
a request shall specify the Service's permit application number and
state the reasons why that party believes the applicant does not meet
the issuance criteria contained in Sec. Sec. 13.21 and 17.22 of this
subchapter or other reasons why the permit should not be issued.
(2) If the Service decides to issue a permit contrary to objections
received pursuant to paragraph (c)(1) of this section, then the Service
shall, at least ten days prior to issuance of the permit, make
reasonable efforts to contact by telephone or other expedient means, any
party who has made a request pursuant to paragraph (c)(1) of this
section and inform that party of the issuance of the permit. However,
the Service may reduce the time period or dispense with such notice if
it determines that time is of the essence and that delay in issuance of
the permit would: (i) Harm the specimen or population involved; or (ii)
unduly hinder
[[Page 95]]
the actions authorized under the permit.
(3) The Service will notify any party filing an objection and
request for notice under paragraph (c)(1) of this section of the final
action taken on the application, in writing. If the Service has reduced
or dispensed with the notice period referred to in paragraph (c)(2) of
this section, it will include its reasons therefore in such written
notice.
[50 FR 39687, Sept. 30, 1985, as amended at 63 FR 8871, Feb. 23, 1998;
63 FR 52635, Oct. 1, 1998; 64 FR 32711, June 17, 1999; 64 FR 52676,
Sept. 30, 1999; 69 FR 24092, May 3, 2004; 69 FR 29670, May 25, 2004; 69
FR 71731, Dec. 10, 2004]
Sec. 17.23 Economic hardship permits.
Upon receipt of a complete application, the Director may issue a
permit authorizing any activity otherwise prohibited by Sec. 17.21, in
accordance with the issuance criteria of this section in order to
prevent undue economic hardship. The Director shall publish notice in
the Federal Register of each application for a permit that is made under
this section. Each notice shall invite the submission from interested
parties, within 30 days after the date of the notice, of written data,
views, or arguments with respect to the application. The 30-day period
may be waived by the Director in an emergency situation where the life
or health of an endangered animal is threatened and no reasonable
alternative is available to the applicant. Notice of any such waiver
shall be published in the Federal Register within 10 days following
issuance of the permit.
(a) Application requirements. Applications for permits under this
section must be submitted to the Director by the person allegedly
suffering undue economic hardship because his desired activity is
prohibited by Sec. 17.21. Each application must be submitted on an
official application form (Form 3-200) provided by the Service, and must
include, as an attachment, all of the information required in Sec.
17.22 plus the following additional information:
(1) The possible legal, economic or subsistence alternatives to the
activity sought to be authorized by the permit;
(2) A full statement, accompanied by copies of all relevant
contracts and correspondence, showing the appli- cant's involvement with
the wildlife sought to be covered by the permit (as well as his
involvement with similar wildlife), including, where applicable, that
portion of applicant's income derived from the taking of such wildlife,
or the subsistence use of such wildlife, during the calendar year
immediately preceding either the notice in the Federal Register of
review of the status of the species or of the proposal to list such
wildlife as endangered, whichever is earliest;
(3) Where applicable, proof of a contract or other binding legal
obligation which:
(i) Deals specifically with the wildlife sought to be covered by the
permit;
(ii) Became binding prior to the date when the notice of a review of
the status of the species or the notice of proposed rulemaking proposing
to list such wildlife as endangered was published in the Federal
Register, whichever is earlier; and
(iii) Will cause monetary loss of a given dollar amount if the
permit sought under this section is not granted.
(b) Issuance criteria. Upon receiving an application completed in
accordance with paragraph (a) of this section, the Director will decide
whether or not a permit should be issued under any of the three
categories of economic hardship, as defined in section 10(b)(2) of the
Act. In making his decisions, the Director shall consider, in addition
to the general criteria in Sec. 13.21(b) of this subchapter, the
following factors:
(1) Whether the purpose for which the permit is being requested is
adequate to justify removing from the wild or otherwise changing the
status of the wildlife sought to be covered by the permit;
(2) The probable direct and indirect effect which issuing the permit
would have on the wild populations of the wildlife sought to be covered
by the permit;
(3) The economic, legal, subsistence, or other alternatives or
relief available to the applicant;
(4) The amount of evidence that the applicant was in fact party to a
contract or other binding legal obligation which;
[[Page 96]]
(i) Deals specifically with the wildlife sought to be covered by the
permit; and
(ii) Became binding prior to the date when the notice of a review of
the status of the species or the notice of proposed rulemaking proposing
to list such wildlife as endangered was published in the Federal
Register, whichever is earlier.
(5) The severity of economic hardship which the contract or other
binding legal obligation referred to in paragraph (b)(4) of this section
would cause if the permit were denied;
(6) Where applicable, the portion of the applicant's income which
would be lost if the permit were denied, and the relationship of that
portion to the balance of his income;
(7) Where applicable, the nature and extent of subsistence taking
generally by the applicant; and
(8) The likelihood that applicant can reasonably carry out his
desired activity within one year from the date a notice is published in
the Federal Register to review status of such wildlife, or to list such
wildlife as endangered, whichever is earlier.
(c) Permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set
forth in part 13 of this subchapter, every permit issued under this
section shall be subject to the following special conditions:
(1) In addition to any reporting requirements contained in the
permit itself, the permittee shall also submit to the Director a written
report of his activities pursuant to the permit. Such report must be
postmarked or actually delivered no later than 10 days after completion
of the activity.
(2) The death or escape of all living wildlife covered by the permit
shall be immediately reported to the Service's office designated in the
permit.
(d) Duration of permits issued under this section shall be
designated on the face of the permit. No permit issued under this
section, however, shall be valid for more than one year from the date a
notice is published in the Federal Register to review status of such
wildlife, or to list such wildlife as endangered, whichever is earlier.
[40 FR 44415, Sept. 26, 1975, as amended at 40 FR 53400, Nov. 18, 1975;
40 FR 58307, Dec. 16, 1975; 50 FR 39688, Sept. 30, 1985]
Subpart D_Threatened Wildlife
Sec. 17.31 Prohibitions.
(a) Except as provided in subpart A of this part, or in a permit
issued under this subpart, all of the provisions in Sec. 17.21 shall
apply to threatened wildlife, except Sec. 17.21(c)(5).
(b) In addition to any other provisions of this part 17, any
employee or agent of the Service, of the National Marine Fisheries
Service, or of a State conservation agency which is operating a
conservation program pursuant to the terms of a Cooperative Agreement
with the Service in accordance with section 6(c) of the Act, who is
designated by his agency for such purposes, may, when acting in the
course of his official duties, take those threatened species of wildlife
which are covered by an approved cooperative agreement to carry out
conservation programs.
(c) Whenever a special rule in Sec. Sec. 17.40 to 17.48 applies to
a threatened species, none of the provisions of paragraphs (a) and (b)
of this section will apply. The special rule will contain all the
applicable prohibitions and exceptions.
[43 FR 18181, Apr. 28, 1978, as amended at 44 FR 31580, May 31, 1979; 70
FR 10503, Mar. 4, 2005]
Sec. 17.32 Permits--general.
Upon receipt of a complete application the Director may issue a
permit for any activity otherwise prohibited with regard to threatened
wildlife. Such permit shall be governed by the provisions of this
section unless a special rule applicable to the wildlife, appearing in
Sec. Sec. 17.40 to 17.48, of this part provides otherwise. Permits
issued under this section must be for one of the following purposes:
Scientific purposes, or the enhancement of propagation or survival, or
economic hardship, or zoological exhibition, or educational purposes, or
incidental taking, or special purposes consistent with the purposes of
the Act. Such permits may authorize a single transaction, a series of
transactions, or a number of activities over a specific period of time.
(a)(1) Application requirements for permits for scientific purposes,
or the enhancement of propagation or survival, or
[[Page 97]]
economic hardship, or zoological exhibition, or educational purposes, or
special purposes consistent with the purposes of the Act. A person
wishing to get a permit for an activity prohibited by Sec. 17.31
submits an application for activities under this paragraph. The Service
provides Form 3-200 for the application to which as much of the
following information relating to the purpose of the permit must be
attached:
(i) The Common and scientific names of the species sought to be
covered by the permit, as well as the number, age, and sex of such
species, and the activity sought to be authorized (such as taking,
exporting, selling in interstate commerce);
(ii) A statement as to whether, at the time of application, the
wildlife sought to be covered by the permit (A) is still in the wild,
(B) has already been removed from the wild, or (C) was born in
captivity;
(iii) A resume of the applicant's attempts to obtain the wildlife
sought to be covered by the permit in a manner which would not cause the
death or removal from the wild of such wildlife;
(iv) If the wildlife sought to be covered by the permit has already
been removed from the wild, the country and place where such removal
occurred; if the wildlife sought to be covered by permit was born in
captivity, the country and place where such wildlife was born;
(v) A complete description and address of the institution or other
facility where the wildlife sought to be covered by the permit will be
used, displayed, or maintained;
(vi) If the applicant seeks to have live wildlife covered by the
permit, a complete description, including photographs or diagrams, of
the facilities to house and/or care for the wildlife and a resume of the
experience of those persons who will be caring for the wildlife;
(vii) A full statement of the reasons why the applicant is justified
in obtaining a permit including the details of the activities sought to
be authorized by the permit;
(viii) If the application is for the purpose of enhancement of
propagation, a statement of the applicant's willingness to participate
in a cooperative breeding program and to maintain or contribute data to
a studbook;
(2) Issuance criteria. Upon receiving an application completed in
accordance with paragraph (a)(1) of this section, the Director will
decide whether or not a permit should be issued. In making this
decision, the Director shall consider, in addition to the general
criteria in Sec. 13.21(b) of this subchapter, the following factors:
(i) Whether the purpose for which the permit is required is adequate
to justify removing from the wild or otherwise changing the status of
the wildlife sought to be covered by the permit;
(ii) The probable direct and indirect effect which issuing the
permit would have on the wild populations of the wildlife sought to be
covered by the permit;
(iii) Whether the permit, if issued, would in any way, directly or
indirectly, conflict with any known program intended to enhance the
survival probabilities of the population from which the wildlife sought
to be covered by the permit was or would be removed;
(iv) Whether the purpose for which the permit is required would be
likely to reduce the threat of extinction facing the species of wildlife
sought to be covered by the permit;
(v) The opinions or views of scientists or other persons or
organizations having expertise concerning the wildlife or other matters
germane to the application; and
(vi) Whether the expertise, facilities, or other resources available
to the applicant appear adequate to successfully accomplish the
objectives stated in the application.
(3) Permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set
forth in part 13 of this subchapter, every permit issued under this
paragraph shall be subject to the special condition that the escape of
living wildlife covered by the permit shall be immediately reported to
the Service office designated in the permit.
(4) Duration of permits. The duration of permits issued under this
paragraph shall be designated on the face of the permit.
(b)(1) Application requirements for permits for incidental taking.
(i) A person
[[Page 98]]
wishing to get a permit for an activity prohibited by Sec. 17.31
submits an application for activities under this paragraph.
(ii) The director shall publish notice in the Federal Register of
each application for a permit that is made under this section. Each
notice shall invite the submission from interested parties, within 30
days after the date of the notice, of written data, views, or arguments
with respect to the application.
(iii) Each application must be submitted on an official application
(Form 3-200) provided by the Service, and must include as an attachment,
all of the following information:
(A) A complete description of the activity sought to be authorized;
(B) The common and scientific names of the species sought to be
covered by the permit, as well as the number, age, and sex of such
species, if known;
(C) A conservation plan that specifies:
(1) The impact that will likely result from such taking;
(2) What steps the applicant will take to monitor, minimize, and
mitigate such impacts, the funding that will be available to implement
such steps, and the procedures to be used to deal with unforeseen
circumstances;
(3) What alternative actions to such taking the applicant considered
and the reasons why such alternatives are not proposed to be utilized;
and
(4) Such other measures that the Director may require as being
necessary or appropriate for purposes of the plan.
(2) Issuance criteria. (i) Upon receiving an application completed
in accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of this section, the Director will
decide whether or not a permit should be issued. The Director shall
consider the general issuance criteria in 13.21(b) of this subchapter,
except for 13.21(b)(4), and shall issue the permit if he or she finds
that:
(A) The taking will be incidental;
(B) The applicant will, to the maximum extent practicable, minimize
and mitigate the impacts of such takings;
(C) The applicant will ensure that adequate funding for the
conservation plan and procedures to deal with unforeseen circumstances
will be provided;
(D) The taking will not appreciably reduce the likelihood of the
survival and recovery of the species in the wild;
(E) The measures, if any, required under paragraph (b)(1)(iii)(D) of
this section will be met; and
(F) He or she has received such other assurances as he or she may
require that the plan will be implemented.
(ii) In making his or her decision, the Director shall also consider
the anticipated duration and geographic scope of the applicant's planned
activities, including the amount of listed species habitat that is
involved and the degree to which listed species and their habitats are
affected.
(3) Permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set
forth in part 13 of this subchapter, every permit issued under this
paragraph shall contain such terms and conditions as the Director deems
necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of the permit and the
conservation plan including, but not limited to, monitoring and
reporting requirements deemed necessary for determining whether such
terms and conditions are being complied with. The Director shall rely
upon existing reporting requirements to the maximum extent practicable.
(4) Duration of permits. The duration of permits issued under this
paragraph shall be sufficient to provide adequate assurances to the
permittee to commit funding necessary for the activities authorized by
the permit, including conservation activities and land use restrictions.
In determining the duration of a permit, the Director shall consider the
duration of the planned activities, as well as the possible positive and
negative effects associated with permits of the proposed duration on
listed species, including the extent to which the conservation plan will
enhance the habitat of listed species and increase the long-term
survivability of such species.
(5) Assurances provided to permittee in case of changed or
unforeseen circumstances. The assurances in this paragraph (b)(5) apply
only to incidental take permits issued in accordance with paragraph
(b)(2) of this section where the conservation plan is being properly
implemented, and apply only with respect to species adequately covered
by the conservation plan.
[[Page 99]]
These assurances cannot be provided to Federal agencies. This rule does
not apply to incidental take permits issued prior to March 25, 1998. The
assurances provided in incidental take permits issued prior to March 25,
1998 remain in effect, and those permits will not be revised as a result
of this rulemaking.
(i) Changed circumstances provided for in the plan. If additional
conservation and mitigation measures are deemed necessary to respond to
changed circumstances and were provided for in the plan's operating
conservation program, the permittee will implement the measures
specified in the plan.
(ii) Changed circumstances not provided for in the plan. If
additional conservation and mitigation measures are deemed necessary to
respond to changed circumstances and such measures were not provided for
in the plan's operating conservation program, the Director will not
require any conservation and mitigation measures in addition to those
provided for in the plan without the consent of the permittee, provided
the plan is being properly implemented.
(iii) Unforeseen circumstances. (A) In negotiating unforeseen
circumstances, the Director will not require the commitment of
additional land, water, or financial compensation or additional
restrictions on the use of land, water, or other natural resources
beyond the level otherwise agreed upon for the species covered by the
conservation plan without the consent of the permittee.
(B) If additional conservation and mitigation measures are deemed
necessary to respond to unforeseen circumstances, the Director may
require additional measures of the permittee where the conservation plan
is being properly implemented, but only if such measures are limited to
modifications within conserved habitat areas, if any, or to the
conservation plan's operating conservation program for the affected
species, and maintain the original terms of the conservation plan to the
maximum extent possible. Additional conservation and mitigation measures
will not involve the commitment of additional land, water or financial
compensation or additional restrictions on the use of land, water, or
other natural resources otherwise available for development or use under
the original terms of the conservation plan without the consent of the
permittee.
(C) The Director will have the burden of demonstrating that such
unforeseen circumstances exist, using the best scientific and commercial
data available. These findings must be clearly documented and based upon
reliable technical information regarding the status and habitat
requirements of the affected species. The Director will consider, but
not be limited to, the following factors:
(1) Size of the current range of the affected species;
(2) Percentage of range adversely affected by the conservation plan;
(3) Percentage of range conserved by the conservation plan;
(4) Ecological significance of that portion of the range affected by
the conservation plan;
(5) Level of knowledge about the affected species and the degree of
specificity of the species' conservation program under the conservation
plan; and
(6) Whether failure to adopt additional conservation measures would
appreciably reduce the likelihood of survival and recovery of the
affected species in the wild.
(6) Nothing in this rule will be construed to limit or constrain the
Director, any Federal, State, local, or Tribal government agency, or a
private entity, from taking additional actions at its own expense to
protect or conserve a species included in a conservation plan.
(7) Discontinuance of permit activity. Notwithstanding the
provisions of Sec. 13.26 of this subchapter, a permittee under this
paragraph (b) remains responsible for any outstanding minimization and
mitigation measures required under the terms of the permit for take that
occurs prior to surrender of the permit and such minimization and
mitigation measures as may be required pursuant to the termination
provisions of an implementing agreement, habitat conservation plan, or
permit even after surrendering the permit to the Service pursuant to
Sec. 13.26 of this subchapter. The permit shall be deemed canceled only
upon a determination by the Service that such minimization and
mitigation measures
[[Page 100]]
have been implemented. Upon surrender of the permit, no further take
shall be authorized under the terms of the surrendered permit.
(8) Criteria for revocation. A permit issued under paragraph (b) of
this section may not be revoked for any reason except those set forth in
Sec. 13.28(a)(1) through (4) of this subchapter or unless continuation
of the permitted activity would be inconsistent with the criterion set
forth in 16 U.S.C. 1539(a)(2)(B)(iv) and the inconsistency has not been
remedied.
(c)(1) Application requirements for permits for the enhancement of
survival through Safe Harbor Agreements. The applicant must submit an
application for a permit under this paragraph (c) to the appropriate
Regional Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, for the Region where
the applicant resides or where the proposed action is to occur (for
appropriate addresses, see 50 CFR 10.22), if the applicant wishes to
engage in any activity prohibited by Sec. 17.31. The applicant must
submit an official Service application form (3-200.54) that includes the
following information:
(i) The common and scientific names of the listed species for which
the applicant requests incidental take authorization;
(ii) A description of how incidental take of the covered species
pursuant to the Safe Harbor Agreement is likely to occur, both as a
result of management activities and as a result of the return to
baseline;
(iii) A Safe Harbor Agreement that complies with the requirements of
the Safe Harbor policy available from the Service; and
(iv) The Director must publish notice in the Federal Register of
each application for a permit that is made under this paragraph (c).
Each notice must invite the submission from interested parties within 30
days after the date of the notice of written data, views, or arguments
with respect to the application. The procedures included in Sec.
17.22(e) for permit objection apply to any notice published by the
Director under this paragraph (c).
(2) Issuance criteria. Upon receiving an application completed in
accordance with paragraph (c)(1) of this section, the Director will
decide whether or not to issue a permit. The Director shall consider the
general issuance criteria in Sec. 13.21(b) of this subchapter, except
for Sec. 13.21(b)(4), and may issue the permit if he or she finds:
(i) The take will be incidental to an otherwise lawful activity and
will be in accordance with the terms of the Safe Harbor Agreement;
(ii) The implementation of the terms of the Safe Harbor Agreement is
reasonably expected to provide a net conservation benefit to the
affected listed species by contributing to the recovery of listed
species included in the permit, and the Safe Harbor Agreement otherwise
complies with the Safe Harbor policy available from the Service;
(iii) The probable direct and indirect effects of any authorized
take will not appreciably reduce the likelihood of survival and recovery
in the wild of any listed species;
(iv) Implementation of the terms of the Safe Harbor Agreement is
consistent with applicable Federal, State, and Tribal laws and
regulations;
(v) Implementation of the terms of the Safe Harbor Agreement will
not be in conflict with any ongoing conservation or recovery programs
for listed species covered by the permit; and
(vi) The applicant has shown capability for and commitment to
implementing all of the terms of the Safe Harbor Agreement.
(3) Permit conditions. In addition to any applicable general permit
conditions set forth in part 13 of this subchapter, every permit issued
under this paragraph (c) is subject to the following special conditions:
(i) A requirement for the participating property owner to notify the
Service of any transfer of lands subject to a Safe Harbor Agreement;
(ii) When appropriate, a requirement for the permittee to give the
Service reasonable advance notice (generally at least 30 days) of when
he or she expects to incidentally take any listed species covered under
the permit. Such notification will provide the Service with an
opportunity to relocate affected individuals of the species, if possible
and appropriate; and
(iii) Any additional requirements or conditions the Director deems
necessary or appropriate to carry out the
[[Page 101]]
purposes of the permit and the Safe Harbor Agreement.
(4) Permit effective date. Permits issued under this paragraph (c)
become effective the day of issuance for species covered by the Safe
Harbor Agreement.
(5) Assurances provided to permittee. (i) The assurances in
subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph (c)(5) apply only to Safe Harbor
permits issued in accordance with paragraph (c)(2) of this section where
the Safe Harbor Agreement is being properly implemented, and apply only
with respect to species covered by the Agreement and permit. These
assurances cannot be provided to Federal agencies. The assurances
provided in this section apply only to Safe Harbor permits issued after
July 19, 1999.
(ii) The Director and the permittee may agree to revise or modify
the management measures set forth in a Safe Harbor Agreement if the
Director determines that such revisions or modifications do not change
the Director's prior determination that the Safe Harbor Agreement is
reasonably expected to provide a net conservation benefit to the listed
species. However, the Director may not require additional or different
management activities to be undertaken by a permittee without the
consent of the permittee.
(6) Additional actions. Nothing in this rule will be construed to
limit or constrain the Director, any Federal, State, local or Tribal
government agency, or a private entity, from taking additional actions
at its own expense to protect or conserve a species included in a Safe
Harbor Agreement.
(7) Criteria for revocation. The Director may not revoke a permit
issued under paragraph (c) of this section except as provided in this
paragraph. The Director may revoke a permit for any reason set forth in
Sec. 13.28(a)(1) through (4) of this subchapter. The Director may
revoke a permit if continuation of the permitted activity would either
appreciably reduce the likelihood of survival and recovery in the wild
of any listed species or directly or indirectly alter designated
critical habitat such that it appreciably diminishes the value of that
critical habitat for both the survival and recovery of a listed species.
Before revoking a permit for either of the latter two reasons, the
Director, with the consent of the permittee, will pursue all appropriate
options to avoid permit revocation. These options may include, but are
not limited to: extending or modifying the existing permit, capturing
and relocating the species, compensating the landowner to forgo the
activity, purchasing an easement or fee simple interest in the property,
or arranging for a third-party acquisition of an interest in the
property.
(8) Duration of permits. The duration of permits issued under this
paragraph (c) must be sufficient to provide a net conservation benefit
to species covered in the enhancement of survival permit. In determining
the duration of a permit, the Director will consider the duration of the
planned activities, as well as the positive and negative effects
associated with permits of the proposed duration on covered species,
including the extent to which the conservation activities included in
the Safe Harbor Agreement will enhance the survival and contribute to
the recovery of listed species included in the permit.
(d)(1) Application requirements for permits for the enhancement of
survival through Candidate Conservation Agreements with Assurances. The
applicant must submit an application for a permit under this paragraph
(d) to the appropriate Regional Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, for the Region where the applicant resides or where the
proposed activity is to occur (for appropriate addresses, see 50 CFR
10.22). When a species covered by a Candidate Conservation Agreement
with Assurances is listed as threatened and the applicant wishes to
engage in activities identified in the Agreement and otherwise
prohibited by Sec. 17.31, the applicant must apply for an enhancement
of survival permit for species covered by the Agreement. The permit will
become valid if and when covered proposed, candidate or other unlisted
species is listed as a threatened species. The applicant must submit an
official Service application form (3-200.54) that includes the following
information:
(i) The common and scientific names of the species for which the
applicant requests incidental take authorization;
[[Page 102]]
(ii) A description of the land use or water management activity for
which the applicant requests incidental take authorization; and
(iii) A Candidate Conservation Agreement that complies with the
requirements of the Candidate Conservation Agreement with Assurances
policy available from the Service.
(iv) The Director must publish notice in the Federal Register of
each application for a permit that is made under this paragraph (d).
Each notice must invite the submission from interested parties within 30
days after the date of the notice of written data, views, or arguments
with respect to the application. The procedures included in Sec.
17.22(e) for permit objection apply to any notice published by the
Director under this paragraph (d).
(2) Issuance criteria. Upon receiving an application completed in
accordance with paragraph (d)(1) of this section, the Director will
decide whether or not to issue a permit. The Director shall consider the
general issuance criteria in Sec. 13.21(b) of this subchapter, except
for Sec. 13.21(b)(4), and may issue the permit if he or she finds:
(i) The take will be incidental to an otherwise lawful activity and
will be in accordance with the terms of the Candidate Conservation
Agreement;
(ii) The Candidate Conservation Agreement complies with the
requirements of the Candidate Conservation Agreement with Assurances
policy available from the Service;
(iii) The probable direct and indirect effects of any authorized
take will not appreciably reduce the likelihood of survival and recovery
in the wild of any species;
(iv) Implementation of the terms of the Candidate Conservation
Agreement is consistent with applicable Federal, State, and Tribal laws
and regulations;
(v) Implementation of the terms of the Candidate Conservation
Agreement will not be in conflict with any ongoing conservation programs
for species covered by the permit; and
(vi) The applicant has shown capability for and commitment to
implementing all of the terms of the Candidate Conservation Agreement.
(3) Permit conditions. In addition to any applicable general permit
conditions set forth in part 13 of this subchapter, every permit issued
under this paragraph (d) is subject to the following special conditions:
(i) A requirement for the property owner to notify the Service of
any transfer of lands subject to a Candidate Conservation Agreement;
(ii) When appropriate, a requirement for the permittee to give the
Service reasonable advance notice (generally at least 30 days) of when
he or she expects to incidentally take any listed species covered under
the permit. Such notification will provide the Service with an
opportunity to relocate affected individuals of the species, if possible
and appropriate; and
(iii) Any additional requirements or conditions the Director deems
necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of the permit and the
Candidate Conservation Agreement.
(4) Permit effective date. Permits issued under this paragraph (d)
become effective for a species covered by a Candidate Conservation
Agreement on the effective date of a final rule that lists a covered
species as threatened.
(5) Assurances provided to permittee in case of changed or
unforeseen circumstances. The assurances in this paragraph (d)(5) apply
only to permits issued in accordance with paragraph (d)(2) where the
Candidate Conservation with Assurances Agreement is being properly
implemented, and apply only with respect to species adequately covered
by the Candidate Conservation with Assurances Agreement. These
assurances cannot be provided to Federal agencies.
(i) Changed circumstances provided for in the Agreement. If the
Director determines that additional conservation measures are necessary
to respond to changed circumstances and these measures were set forth in
the Agreement, the permittee will implement the measures specified in
the Agreement.
(ii) Changed circumstances not provided for in the Agreement. If the
Director determines that additional conservation measures not provided
for in the Agreement are necessary to respond to changed circumstances,
the Director will not require any conservation measures in addition to
those provided
[[Page 103]]
for in the Agreement without the consent of the permittee, provided the
Agreement is being properly implemented.
(iii) Unforeseen circumstances. (A) In negotiating unforeseen
circumstances, the Director will not require the commitment of
additional land, water, or financial compensation or additional
restrictions on the use of land, water, or other natural resources
beyond the level otherwise agreed upon for the species covered by the
Agreement without the consent of the permittee.
(B) If the Director determines additional conservation measures are
necessary to respond to unforeseen circumstances, the Director may
require additional measures of the permittee where the Agreement is
being properly implemented, but only if such measures maintain the
original terms of the Agreement to the maximum extent possible.
Additional conservation measures will not involve the commitment of
additional land, water, or financial compensation or additional
restrictions on the use of land, water, or other natural resources
otherwise available for development or use under the original terms of
the Agreement without the consent of the permittee.
(C) The Director will have the burden of demonstrating that
unforeseen circumstances exist, using the best scientific and commercial
data available. These findings must be clearly documented and based upon
reliable technical information regarding the status and habitat
requirements of the affected species. The Director will consider, but
not be limited to, the following factors:
(1) Size of the current range of the affected species;
(2) Percentage of range adversely affected by the Agreement;
(3) Percentage of range conserved by the Agreement;
(4) Ecological significance of that portion of the range affected by
the Agreement;
(5) Level of knowledge about the affected species and the degree of
specificity of the species' conservation program under the Agreement;
and
(6) Whether failure to adopt additional conservation measures would
appreciably reduce the likelihood of survival and recovery of the
affected species in the wild.
(6) Additional actions. Nothing in this rule will be construed to
limit or constrain the Director, any Federal, State, local or Tribal
government agency, or a private entity, from taking additional actions
at its own expense to protect or conserve a species included in a
Candidate Conservation with Assurances Agreement.
(7) Criteria for revocation. The Director may not revoke a permit
issued under paragraph (d) of this section except as provided in this
paragraph. The Director may revoke a permit for any reason set forth in
Sec. 13.28(a)(1) through (4) of this subchapter. The Director may
revoke a permit if continuation of the permitted activity would either
appreciably reduce the likelihood of survival and recovery in the wild
of any listed species or directly or indirectly alter designated
critical habitat such that it appreciably diminishes the value of that
critical habitat for both the survival and recovery of a listed species.
Before revoking a permit for either of the latter two reasons, the
Director, with the consent of the permittee, will pursue all appropriate
options to avoid permit revocation. These options may include, but are
not limited to: extending or modifying the existing permit, capturing
and relocating the species, compensating the landowner to forgo the
activity, purchasing an easement or fee simple interest in the property,
or arranging for a third-party acquisition of an interest in the
property.
(8) Duration of the Candidate Conservation Agreement. The duration
of a Candidate Conservation Agreement covered by a permit issued under
this paragraph (d) must be sufficient to enable the Director to
determine that the benefits of the conservation measures in the
Agreement, when combined with those benefits that would be achieved if
it is assumed that the conservation measures would also be implemented
on other necessary properties, would
[[Page 104]]
preclude or remove any need to list the species covered by the
Agreement.
[50 FR 39689, Sept. 30, 1985, as amended at 63 FR 8871, Feb. 23, 1998;
63 FR 52635, Oct. 1, 1998; 64 FR 32714, June 17, 1999; 64 FR 52676,
Sept. 30, 1999; 69 FR 24093, May 3, 2004; 69 FR 29670, May 25, 2004; 69
FR 71731, Dec. 10, 2004]
Sec. 17.40 Special rules--mammals.
(a) [Reserved]
(b) Grizzly bear (Ursus arctos)--(1) Prohibitions. The following
prohibitions apply to the grizzly bear:
(i) Taking. (A) Except as provided in paragraphs (b)(1)(i)(B)
through (F) of this section, no person shall take any grizzly bear in
the 48 conterminous states of the United States.
(B) Grizzly bears may be taken in self-defense or in defense of
others, but such taking shall be reported, within 5 days of occurrence,
to the Assistant Regional Director, Division of Law Enforcement, U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, P.O. Box 25486, Denver Federal Center,
Denver, Colorado 80225 (303/236-7540 or FTS 776-7540), if occurring in
Montana or Wyoming, or to the Assistant Regional Director, Division of
Law Enforcement, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Lloyd 500 Building,
Suite 1490, 500 Northeast Multnomah Street, Portland, Oregon 97232 (503/
231-6125 or FTS 429-6125), if occurring in Idaho or Washington, and to
appropriate State and Indian Reservation Tribal authorities. Grizzly
bears or their parts taken in self-defense or in defense of others shall
not be possessed, delivered, carried, transported, shipped, exported,
received, or sold, except by Federal, State, or Tribal authorities.
(C) Removal of nuisance bears. A grizzly bear consituting a
demonstrable but non immediate threat to human safety or committing
significant depredations to lawfully present livestock, crops, or
beehives may be taken, but only if:
(1) It has not been reasonably possible to eliminate such threat or
depredation by live-capturing and releasing unharmed in a remote area
the grizzly bear involved; and
(2) The taking is done in a humane manner by authorized Federal,
State, or Tribal authorities, and in accordance with current interagency
guidelines covering the taking of such nuisance bears; and
(3) The taking is reported within 5 days of occurrence to the
appropriate Assistant Regional Director, Division of Law Enforcement,
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, as indicated in paragraph (b)(1)(i)(B)
of this section, and to appropriate State and Tribal authorities.
(D) Federal, State, or Tribal scientific or research activities.
Federal, State, or Tribal authorities may take grizzly bears for
scientific or research purposes, but only if such taking does not result
in death or permanent injury to the bears involved. Such taking must be
reported within 5 days of occurrence to the appropriate Assistant
Regional Director, Division of Law Enforcement, U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, as indicated in paragraph (b)(1)(i)(B) of this section, and to
appropriate State and Tribal authorities.
(E) [Reserved]
(F) National Parks. The regulations of the National Park Service
shall govern all taking of grizzly bears in National Parks.
(ii) Unlawfully taken grizzly bears. (A) Except as provided in
paragraphs (b)(1)(ii)(B) and (iv) of this section, no person shall
possess, deliver, carry, transport, ship, export, receive, or sell any
unlawfully taken grizzly bear. Any unlawful taking of a grizzly bear
shall be reported within 5 days of occurrence to the appropriate
Assistant Regional Director, Division of Law Enforcement, U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, as indicated in paragraph (b)(1)(i)(B) of this
section, and to appropriate State and Tribal authorities.
(B) Authorized Federal, State, or Tribal employees, when acting in
the course of their official duties, may, for scientific or research
purposes, possess, deliver, carry, transport, ship, export, or receive
unlawfully taken grizzly bears.
(iii) Import or export. Except as provided in paragraphs (b)(1)(iii)
(A) and (B) and (iv) of this section, no person shall import any grizzly
bear into the United States.
(A) Federal, State, or Tribal scientific or research activities.
Federal, State, or Tribal authorities may import grizzly
[[Page 105]]
bears into the United States for scientific or research purposes.
(B) Public zoological institution. Public zoological institutions
(see 50 CFR 10.12) may import grizzly bears into the United States.
(iv) Commercial transactions. (A) Except as provided in paragraph
(b)(1)(iv)(B) of this section, no person shall, in the course of
commercial activity, deliver, receive, carry, transport, or ship in
interstate or foreign commerce any grizzly bear.
(B) A public zoological institution (see 50 CFR 10.12) dealing with
other public zoological institutions may sell grizzly bears or offer
them for sale in interstate or foreign commerce, and may, in the course
of commercial activity, deliver, receive, carry, transport, or ship
grizzly bears in interstate or foreign commerce.
(v) Other violations. No person shall attempt to commit, cause to be
committed, or solicit another to commit any act prohibited by paragraph
(b)(1) of this section.
(2) Definitions. As used in paragraph (b) of this section:
Grizzly bear means any member of the species Ursus arctos of the 48
conterminous States of the United States, including any part, offspring,
dead body, part of a dead body, or product of such species.
Grizzly bear accompanied by young means any grizzly bear having
offspring, including one or more cubs, yearlings, or 2-year-olds, in its
immediate vicinity.
Identified means permanently marked or documented so as to be
identifiable by law enforcement officials at a subsequent date.
State, Federal or Tribal authority means an employee of State,
Federal, or Indian Tribal government who, as part of his/her official
duties, normally handles grizzly bears.
Young grizzly bear means a cub, yearling, or 2-year-old grizzly
bear.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN91.000
(c) Primates. (1) Except as noted in paragraphs (c)(2) and (c)(3) of
this section, all provisions of Sec. 17.31 shall apply to the lesser
slow loris, Nycticebus pygmaeus; Philippine tarsier, Tarsius syrichta;
white-footed tamarin, Saguinus leucopus; black howler monkey, Alouatta
pigra; stump-tailed macaque, Macaca arctoides; gelada baboon,
Theropithecus gelada; Formosan rock macaque, Macaca cyclopis; Japanese
macaque, Macaca fuscata; Toque macaque, Macaca sinica; long-tailed
langur, Presbytis potenziani; purple-faced langur, Presbytis senex;
Tonkin snub-nosed langur, Pygathrix (Rhinopithecus) avunculus; and, in
captivity only, chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes.
(2) The prohibitions referred to above do not apply to any live
member of such species held in captivity in the United States on the
effective date of the final rulemaking, or to the progeny of such
animals, or to the progeny of animals legally imported into the United
States after the effective date of the final rulemaking, Provided, That
the person wishing to engage in any activity which would otherwise be
prohibited must be able to show satisfactory documentary or other
evidence as to the captive status of the particular member of the
species on the effective date of this rulemaking or that the
[[Page 106]]
particular member of the species was born in captivity in the United
States after the effective date of this rulemaking. Identification of
the particular member to a record in the International Species Inventory
System (ISIS), or to a Federal, State or local government permit, shall
be deemed to be satisfactory evidence. Records in the form of studbooks
or inventories, kept in the normal course of business, shall be
acceptable as evidence, provided that a notarized statement is inserted
in such record to the effect that:
(i) The records were kept in the normal course of business prior to
November 18, 1976, and accurately identify (by use of markers, tags, or
other acceptable marking devices) individual animals; or
(ii) That the individual animal identified by the records was born
in captivity on --------(Date).
The notarized statement in paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this section, shall be
acceptable only if the notarization is dated on or before January 3,
1977. The notarized statement in paragraph (c)(2)(ii), of this section,
shall be acceptable only if the notarization is dated within 15 days of
the date of birth of the animal.
(3) The provisions of Sec. Sec. 17.21, 17.22, and 17.23 shall apply
to any individual chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) within the historic range
of the species, regardless of whether in the wild or captivity, and also
shall apply to any individual chimpanzee not within this range, but
which has originated within this range after the effective date of these
regulations, and also shall apply to the progeny of any such chimpanzee,
other than to the progeny of animals legally imported into the United
States after the effective date of these regulations. For the purposes
of this paragraph, the historic range of the chimpanzee shall consist of
the following countries: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon,
Central African Republic, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea,
Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria,
Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, and Zaire.
(d) Gray wolf (Canis lupus) in Minnesota--(1) Zones. For purposes of
these regulations, the State of Minnesota is divided into the following
five zones.
Zone 1--4,488 Square Miles
Beginning at the point of intersection of United States and Canadian
boundaries in Section 22, Township 71 North, Range 22 West, in Rainy
Lake, then proceeding along the west side of Sections 22, 27, and 34 in
said Township and Sections 3, 10, 15, 22, 27 and 34 in Township 70
North, Range 22 West and Sections 3 and 10 in Township 69 North, Range
22 West; then east along the south boundaries of Sections 10, 11, and 12
in said Township; then south along the Koochiching and St. Louis
counties line to Highway 53; thence southeasterly along State Highway 53
to the junction with County Route 765; thence easterly along County
Route 765 to the junction with Kabetogama Lake in Ash River Bay; thence
along the south boundary of Section 33 in Township 69 North, Range 19
West, to the junction with the Moose River; thence southeasterly along
the Moose River to Moose Lake; thence along the western shore of Moose
Lake to the river between Moose Lake and Long Lake; thence along the
said river to Long Lake; thence along the east shore of Long Lake to the
drainage on the southeast side of Long Lake in NE\1/4\, Section 18,
Township 67 North, Range 18 West; thence along the said drainage
southeasterly and subsequently northeasterly to Marion Lake, the
drainage being in Sections 17 and 18, Township 67 North, Range 18 West;
thence along the west shoreline of Marion Lake proceeding southeasterly
to the Moose Creek; thence along Moose Creek to Flap Creek; thence
southeasterly along Flap Creek to the Vermilion River; thence southerly
along the Vermilion River to Vermilion Lake; thence along the Superior
National Forest boundary in a southeasterly direction through Vermilion
Lake passing these points: Oak Narrows, Muskrat Channel, South of Pine
Island, to Hoodo Point and the junction with County Route 697; thence
southeasterly on County Route 697 to the junction with State Highway
169; thence easterly along State Highway 169 to the junction with State
Highway 1; thence easterly along State Highway 1 to the junction with
the Erie Railroad tracks at Murphy City; thence easterly along the Erie
Railroad tracks to the junction with Lake Superior at Taconite Harbor;
thence northeasterly along the North Shore of Lake Superior to the
Canadian Border; thence westerly along the Canadian Border to the point
of beginning in Rainy Lake.
Zone 2--1,856 Square Miles
Beginning at the intersection of the Erie Mining Co. Railroad and
State Highway 1 (Murphy City); thence southeasterly on State Highway 1
to the junction with County
[[Page 107]]
Road 4; thence southwesterly on County Road 4 to the State Snowmobile
Trail (formerly the Alger-Smith Railroad); thence southwesterly to the
intersection of the Old Railroad Grade and Reserve Mining Co. Railroad
in Section 33 of Township 56 North, Range 9 West; thence northwesterly
along the Railroad to Forest Road 107; thence westerly along Forest Road
107 to Forest Road 203; thence westerly along Forest Road 203 to the
junction with County Route 2; thence in a northerly direction on County
Route 2 to the junction with Forest Road 122; thence in a westerly
direction along Forest Road 122 to the junction with the Duluth,
Missable and Iron Range Railroad; thence in a southwesterly direction
along the said railroad tracks to the junction with County Route 14;
thence in a northwesterly direction along County Route 14 to the
junction with County Route 55; thence in a westerly direction along
County Route 55 to the junction with County Route 44; thence in a
southerly direction along County Route 44 to the junction with County
Route 266; thence in a southeasterly direction along County Route 266
and subsequently in a westerly direction to the junction with County
Road 44; thence in a northerly direction on County Road 44 to the
junction with Township Road 2815; thence westerly along Township Road
2815 to Alden Lake; thence northwesterly across Alden Lake to the inlet
of the Cloquet River; thence northerly along the Cloquet River to the
junction with Carrol Trail-State Forestry Road; thence west along the
Carrol Trail to the junction with County Route 4 and County Route 49;
thence west along County Route 49 to the junction with the Duluth,
Winnipeg and Pacific Railroad; thence in a northerly direction along
said Railroad to the junction with the Whiteface River; thence in a
northeasterly direction along the Whiteface River to the Whiteface
Reservoir; thence along the western shore of the Whiteface Reservoir to
the junction with County Route 340; thence north along County Route 340
to the junction with County Route 16; thence east along County Route 16
to the junction with County Route 346; thence in a northerly direction
along County Route 346 to the junction with County Route 569; thence
along County Route 569 to the junction with County Route 565; thence in
a westerly direction along County Route 565 to the junction with County
Route 110; thence in a westerly direction along County Route 110 to the
junction with County Route 100; thence in a north and subsequent west
direction along County Route 100 to the junction with State Highway 135;
thence in a northerly direction along State Highway 135 to the junction
with State Highway 169 at Tower; thence in an easterly direction along
the southern boundary of Zone 1 to the point of beginning of Zone 2 at
the junction of the Erie Railroad Tracks and State Highway 1.
Zone 3--3,501 Square Miles
Beginning at the junction of State Highway 11 and State Highway 65;
thence southeasterly along State Highway 65 to the junction with State
Highway 1; thence westerly along State Highway 1 to the junction with
State Highway 72; thence north along State Highway 72 to the junction
with an un-numbered township road beginning in the northeast corner of
Section 25, Township 155 North, Range 31 West; thence westerly along the
said road for approximately seven (7) miles to the junction with SFR 95:
thence westerly along SFR 95 and continuing west through the southern
boundary of Sections 36 through 31, Township 155 North, Range 33 West,
through Sections 36 through 31, Township 155 North, Range 34 West,
through Sections 36 through 31, Township 155 North, Range 35 West,
through Sections 36 and 35, Township 155 North, Range 36 West to the
junction with State Highway 89, thence northwesterly along State Highway
89 to the junction with County Route 44; thence northerly along County
Route 44 to the junction with County Route 704; thence northerly along
County 704 to the junction with SFR 49; thence northerly along SFR 49 to
the junction with SFR 57; thence easterly along SFR 57 to the junction
with SFR 63: thence south along SFR 63 to the junction with SFR 70;
thence easterly along SFR 70 to the junction with County Route 87;
thence easterly along County Route 87 to the junction with County Route
1; thence south along County Route 1 to the junction with County Route
16; thence easterly along County Route 16 to the junction with State
Highway 72; thence south on State Highway 72 to the junction with a
gravel road (un-numbered County District Road) on the north side of
Section 31, Township 158 North, Range 30 West; thence east on said
District Road to the junction with SFR 62; thence easterly on SFR 62 to
the junction with SFR 175; thence south on SFR 175 to the junction with
County Route 101; thence easterly on County Route 101 to the junction
with County Route 11; thence easterly on County Route 11 to the junction
with State Highway 11; thence easterly on State Highway 11 to the
junction with State Highway 65, the point of beginning.
Zone 4--20,883 Square Miles
Excluding Zones 1, 2 and 3, all that part of Minnesota north and
east of a line beginning on State Trunk Highway 48 at the eastern
boundary of the state; thence westerly along Highway 48 to Interstate
Highway 35; thence northerly on I-35 to State Highway 23, thence west
one-half mile on Highway 23 to State Trunk Highway 18; thence westerly
along Highway 18 to State Trunk Highway 65, thence northerly on Highway
65 to State Trunk Highway 210; thence westerly along Highway 210 to
State Trunk Highway 6;
[[Page 108]]
thence northerly on State Trunk Highway 6 to Emily; thence westerly
along County State Aid Highway (CSAH) 1, Crow Wing County, to CSAH 2,
Cass County; thence westerly along CSAH 2 to Pine River; thence
northwesterly along State Trunk Highway 371 to Backus; thence westerly
along State Trunk Highway 87 to U.S. Highway 71; thence northerly along
U.S. 71 to State Trunk Highway 200; thence northwesterly along Highway
200, to County State Aid Highway (CSAH) 2, Clearwater County; thence
northerly along CSAH 2 to Shevlin; thence along U.S. Highway 2 to
Bagley; thence northerly along State Trunk Highway 92 to Gully; thence
northerly along CSAH 2, Polk County, to CSAH 27, Pennington County;
thence along CSAH 27 to State Trunk Highway 1; thence easterly on
Highway 1 to CSAH 28, Pennington County; thence northerly along CSAH 28
to CSAH 54, Marshall County, thence northerly along CSAH 54 to Grygla;
thence west and northerly along Highway 89 to Roseau; thence northerly
along State Truck Highway 310 to the Canadian border.
Zone 5--54,603 Square Miles
All that part of Minnesota south and west of the line described as
the south and west border of Zone 4.
[[Page 109]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN91.001
(2) Prohibitions. The following prohibitions apply to the gray wolf
in Minnesota.
(i) Taking. Except as provided in this paragraph (d)(2)(i) of this
section, no person may take a gray wolf in Minnesota.
(A) Any person may take a gray wolf in Minnesota in defense of his
own life or the lives of others.
(B) Any employee or agent of the Service, any other Federal land
management agency, or the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, who
is designated by his/her agency for such purposes, may, when acting in
the course of his/her official duties, take a gray wolf in Minnesota
without a permit if such action is necessary to:
(1) Aid a sick, injured or orphaned specimen; or
(2) Dispose of a dead specimen; or
(3) Salvage a dead specimen which may be useful for scientific
study.
[[Page 110]]
(4) Designated employees or agents of the Service or the Minnesota
Department of Natural Resources may take a gray wolf without a permit in
Minnesota, in zones 2, 3, 4, and 5, as delineated in paragraph (d)(1) of
this section, in response to depredations by a gray wolf on lawfully
present domestic animals: Provided, that such taking must occur within
one-half mile of the place where such depredation occurred and must be
performed in a humane manner: And provided further, that any young of
the year taken on or before August 1 of that year must be released.
(C) Any employee or agent of the Service or the Minnesota Department
of Natural Resources, when operating under a Cooperative Agreement with
the Service signed in accordance with section 6(c) of the Endangered
Species Act of 1973, who is designated by the Service or the Minnesota
Department of Natural Resources for such purposes, may, when acting in
the course of his or her official duties, take a gray wolf in Minnesota
to carry out scientific research or conservation programs.
(ii) Export and commercial transactions. Except as may be authorized
by a permit issued under Sec. 17.32, no person may sell or offer for
sale in interstate commerce, import or export, or in the course of a
commercial activity transport, ship, carry, deliver, or receive any
Minnesota gray wolf.
(iii) Unlawfully taken wolves. No person may possess, sell, deliver,
carry, transport, or ship, by any means whatsoever, a gray wolf taken
unlawfully in Minnesota, except that an employee or agent of the
Service, or any other Federal land management agency, or the Minnesota
Department of Natural Resources, who is designated by his/her agency for
such purposes, may, when acting in the course of his official duties,
possess, deliver, carry, transport, or ship a gray wolf taken unlawfully
in Minnesota.
(3) Permits. All permits available under Sec. 17.32 (General
Permits--Threatened Wildlife) are available with regard to the gray wolf
in Minnesota. All the terms and provisions of Sec. 17.32 apply to such
permits issued under the authority of this paragraph (d)(3).
(e) African elephant (Loxodonta africana)--(1) Definitions. For the
purposes of this paragraph (e):
(i) African elephant shall mean any member of the species Loxodonta
africana, whether live or dead, and any part or product thereof.
(ii) Raw ivory means any African elephant tusk, and any piece
thereof, the surface of which, polished or unpolished, is unaltered or
minimally carved.
(iii) Worked ivory means any African elephant tusk, and any piece
thereof, which is not raw ivory.
(iv) Lip mark area means that area of a whole African elephant tusk
where the tusk emerges from the skull and which is usually denoted by a
prominent ring of staining on the tusk in its natural state.
(2) Prohibitions. Except as provided in the exceptions in paragraph
(e)(3) of this section, it shall be unlawful for any person to:
(i) Import or export any African elephant,
(ii) Possess, sell or offer for sale, receive, deliver, transport
ship, or export any African elephant which was illegally imported into
the United States,
(iii) Sell or offer for sale any sport-hunted trophy imported into
the United States in violation of permit conditions.
(3) Exceptions. (i) African elephants, other than sport-hunted
trophies and raw and worked ivory, may be imported or exported provided
all permit requirements of 50 CFR parts 13 and 23 have been complied
with.
(ii) Ivory. (A) Raw or worked ivory (other than sport-hunted
trophies) may be imported only if:
(1) It is a bona fide antique of greater than 100 years of age on
the day of import, or
(2) It was exported from the United States after being registered
with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
(B) Worked ivory may be exported in accordance with the permit
requirements of 50 CFR parts 13 and 23.
(C) Raw ivory may not be exported from the United States for
commercial purposes under any circumstances.
(iii) Sport-hunted trophies may be imported into the United States
provided:
[[Page 111]]
(A) The trophy originates in a country for which the Service has
received notice of that country's African elephant ivory quota for the
year of export;
(B) All of the permit requirements of 50 CFR parts 13 and 23 have
been complied with;
(C) A determination is made that the killing of the animal whose
trophy is intended for import would enhance survival of the species; and
(D) The trophy is legibly marked by means of punch-dies, under a
marking and registration system established by the country of origin,
that includes the following information: Country of origin represented
by the two-letter code established by the International Organization for
Standardization (see appendix A to chapter I) followed by the
registration number assigned to the last two digits of the year of
registration and the weight of raw ivory to the nearest kilogram. Any
mark must be placed on the lip mark area and indicated by a flash of
color which serves as a background for such mark.
(f) Leopard. (1) Except as noted in paragraph (f)(2) of this
section, all prohibitions of Sec. 17.31 of this part and exemptions of
Sec. 17.32 of this part shall apply to the leopard populations
occurring in southern Africa to the south of a line running along the
borders of the following countries: Gabon/Rio Muni; Gabon/Cameroon;
Congo/Cameroon; Congo/Central African Republic; Zaire/Central African
Republic; Zaire/Sudan; Uganda/Sudan; Kenya/Sudan; Kenya/Ethiopia; Kenya/
Somalia.
(2) A sport-hunted leopard trophy legally taken after the effective
date of this rulemaking, from the area south of the line delineated
above, may be imported into the United States without a Threatened
Species permit pursuant to Sec. 17.32 of this part, provided that the
applicable provisions of 50 CFR part 23 have been met.
(g) Utah prairie dog (Cynomys parvidens). (1) Except as noted in
paragraph (g)(2) of this section, all prohibitions of 50 CFR 17.31 (a)
and (b), and exemptions of 50 CFR 17.32 shall apply to the Utah prairie
dog.
(2) A Utah prairie dog may be taken on private land throughout its
range under a permit issued by the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources,
in accordance with the laws of the State of Utah, provided that such
taking does not exceed 6,000 animals annually and that such taking is
confined to the period from June 1 to December 31. Records on permitted
take maintained by the State shall be made available to the U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service on request.
(3) If the Service receives substantive evidence that takings
pursuant to paragraph (g)(2) of this section are having an effect that
is inconsistent with the conservation of the Utah prairie dog, the
Service may immediately prohibit or restrict such taking as appropriate
for the conservation of the species.
(h) Mountain lion (Felis concolor). (1) Except as allowed in
paragraphs (h)(2), (h)(3), and (h)(4) of this section, no person shall
take any free-living mountain lion (Felis concolor) in Florida.
(2) A mountain lion (Felis concolor) may be taken in this area under
a valid threatened species permit issued pursuant to 50 CFR 17.52.
(3) A mountain lion (Felis concolor) may be taken in Florida by an
employee or designated agent of the Service or the Florida Game and
Fresh Water Fish Commission for taxonomic identification or other
reasons consistent with the conservation of the endangered Florida
panther (Felis concolor coryi). When it has been established by the
Service, in consultation with the State, that an animal in question is
not a Florida panther (Felis concolor coryi) or an eastern cougar (Felis
concolor couguar), such animals may be removed from the wild. The
disposition of animals so taken shall be at the discretion of the
Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission, with the concurrence of
the Fish and Wildlife Service.
(4) Take for reasons of human safety is allowed as specified under
50 CFR 17.21(c)(2) and 17.21(c)(3)(iv).
(5) Any take pursuant to paragraph (h)(4) of this section must be
reported in writing to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of
Law Enforcement, P.O. Box 3247, Arlington, Virginia 22203, within 5
days. The specimen may only be retained, disposed of, or salvaged in
[[Page 112]]
accordance with directions from the Service.
(i) Louisiana black bear (Ursus americanus luteolus). (1) Except as
noted in paragraph (i)(2) of this section, all prohibitions of
Sec. 17.31 and exemptions of Sec. 17.32 shall apply to any black bear
within the historic range of the Louisiana black bear (Texas, Louisiana
and Mississippi).
(2) Subsection 17.40(i)(1) and Sec. 17.31 shall not prohibit
effects incidental to normal forest management activities within the
historic range of the Louisiana black bear except for activities causing
damage to or loss of den trees, den tree sites or candidate den trees.
For purposes of this exemption, normal forest management activities are
defined as those activities that support a sustained yield of timber
products and wildlife habitats, thereby maintaining forestland
conditions in occupied habitat. For purposes of this special rule,
candidate den trees are considered to be bald cypress and tupelo gum
with visible cavities, having a minimum diameter at breast height (DBH)
of 36 inches, and occurring in or along rivers, lakes, streams, bayous,
sloughs, or other water bodies.
(3) This express exemption for normal forest management activities
provided by this special rule is subject to modification or withdrawal
if the Service determines that this provision fails to further the
conservation of the Louisiana black bear.
(j) Argali (Ovis ammon) in Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, and Tajikistan--(1)
Except as noted in paragraph (j)(2) of this section, all prohibitions of
Sec. 17.31 of this part and exemptions of Sec. 17.32 of this part
shall apply to this species in Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, and Tajikistan
(Note-- In all other parts of its range the argali is classified as
endangered and covered by Sec. 17.21).
(2) Upon receiving from the governments of Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, and
Tajikistan properly documented and verifiable certification that (i)
argali populations in those countries are sufficiently large to sustain
sport hunting, (ii) regulating authorities have the capacity to obtain
sound data on these populations, (iii) regulating authorities recognize
these populations as a valuable resource and have the legal and
practical capacity to manage them as such, (iv) the habitat of these
populations is secure, (v) regulating authorities can ensure that the
involved trophies have in fact been legally taken from the specified
populations, and (vi) funds derived from the involved sport hunting are
applied primarily to argali conservation, the Director may, consistent
with the purposes of the Act, authorize by publication of a notice in
the Federal Register the importation of personal sport-hunted argali
trophies, taken legally in Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, and Tajikistan after
the date of such notice, without a Threatened Species permit pursuant to
Sec. 17.32 of this part, provided that the applicable provisions of 50
CFR part 23 have been met.
(k) Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis).
(1) What lynx does this special rule apply to? The regulations in
this paragraph (k) apply to all wild and captive lynx in the contiguous
United States.
(2) What activities are prohibited for wild lynx? All prohibitions
and provisions of 50 CFR 17.31 and 17.32 apply to wild lynx found in the
contiguous United States.
(3) What is considered a captive lynx?
(i) For purposes of this paragraph (k), captive lynx means lynx,
whether alive or dead, and any part or product, if the specimen was in
captivity at the time of the listing, born in captivity, or lawfully
imported or transported into the contiguous United States.
(ii) Lynx that were either born or held in captivity and then
released into the wild are considered wild.
(4) What activities are allowed for captive lynx?
(i) Take. You may take lawfully obtained captive lynx without a
permit.
(ii) Import and export. You may export captive live lynx, parts or
products of captive lynx provided the specimens are tagged with
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna
and Flora (CITES) export tags and/or accompanied by a valid CITES export
permit. You may import lawfully obtained lynx that originated outside
the United States when you follow the requirements of CITES.
[[Page 113]]
(iii) Interstate commerce. You may deliver, receive, carry,
transport, ship, sell, offer to sell, purchase, or offer to purchase in
interstate commerce captive lynx and captive lynx parts and products in
accordance with State or tribal laws and regulations. In addition, lynx
pelts that are properly tagged with valid CITES export tags also qualify
for this exemption on interstate commerce.
(5) Are any activities not allowed or restricted for captive lynx?
You must comply with all applicable State and tribal laws and
regulations. Violation of State or tribal law will also be a violation
of the Act.
(l) Preble's meadow jumping mouse (Zapus hudsonius preblei). (1)
What is the definition of take? To harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot,
wound, trap, kill, or collect; or attempt to engage in any such conduct.
Incidental take is that which occurs when it is incidental to and not
the purpose of an otherwise lawful activity. Any take that is not
authorized by permit provided through section 7 or section 10 of the Act
or that is not covered by the exemptions described below is considered
illegal take.
(2) When is take of Preble's meadow jumping mice allowed? Take of
Preble's meadow jumping mice resulting from the following legally
conducted activities, in certain circumstances as described below, is
allowed:
(i) Take under permits. Any person with a valid permit issued by the
Service under Sec. 17.32 may take Preble's meadow jumping mice pursuant
to the terms of the permit.
(ii) Rodent control. Preble's meadow jumping mice may be taken
incidental to rodent control undertaken within 10 feet of or inside any
structure. ``Rodent control'' includes control of mice and rats by
trapping, capturing, or otherwise physically capturing or killing, or
poisoning by any substance registered with the Environmental Protection
Agency as required by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and
Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136) and applied consistent with its labeling.
``Structure'' includes but is not limited to any building, stable, grain
silo, corral, barn, shed, water or sewage treatment equipment or
facility, enclosed parking structure, shelter, gazebo, bandshell, or
restroom complex.
(iii) Established, ongoing agricultural activities. Preble's meadow
jumping mice may be taken incidental to agricultural activities,
including grazing, plowing, seeding, cultivating, minor drainage,
burning, mowing, and harvesting, as long as these activities are
established, ongoing activities and do not increase impacts to or
further encroach upon the Preble's meadow jumping mouse or its habitat.
New agricultural activities or those that expand the footprint or
intensity of the activity are not considered to be established, ongoing
activities.
(iv) Maintenance and replacement of existing landscaping. Preble's
meadow jumping mice may be taken incidental to the maintenance and
replacement of any landscaping and related structures and improvements,
as long as they are currently in place and no increase in impervious
surfaces would result from their maintenance and improvement.
Construction of new structures or improvements or expansion of the
landscaping in a manner that increases impervious surfaces would not be
considered maintenance and replacement of existing landscaping.
(v) Existing uses of water. Preble's meadow jumping mice may be
taken incidentally as a result of existing uses of water associated with
the exercise of perfected water rights pursuant to State law and
interstate compacts and decrees. (A ``perfected water right'' is a right
that has been put to beneficial use and has been permitted, decreed, or
adjudicated pursuant to State law.) Increasing the use or altering the
location of use of an existing water right would not be considered an
existing use of water.
(vi) Noxious weed control. Preble's meadow jumping mice may be taken
incidental to noxious weed control that is conducted in accordance with:
(A) Federal law, including Environmental Protection Agency label
restrictions;
(B) Applicable State laws for noxious weed control;
(C) Applicable county bulletins;
(D) Herbicide application guidelines as prescribed by herbicide
manufacturers; and
[[Page 114]]
(E) Any future revisions to the authorities listed in paragraphs
(l)(2)(vi)(A) through (D) of this section that apply to the herbicides
proposed for use within the species' range.
(vii) Ditch maintenance activities. Preble's meadow jumping mice may
be taken incidental to normal and customary ditch maintenance activities
only if the activities:
(A) Result in the annual loss of no more than \1/4\ mile of riparian
shrub habitat per linear mile of ditch, including burning of ditches
that results in the annual loss of no more than \1/4\ mile of riparian
shrub habitat per linear mile of ditch.
(B) Are performed within the historic footprint of the surface
disturbance associated with ditches and related infrastructure, and
(C) Follow the Best Management Practices described in paragraphs
(l)(2)(vii)(C)(1) through (3) of this section.
(1) Persons engaged in ditch maintenance activities shall avoid, to
the maximum extent practicable, impacts to shrub vegetation. For
example, if accessing the ditch for maintenance or repair activities
from an area containing no shrubs is possible, then damage to adjacent
shrub vegetation shall be avoided.
(2) Persons engaged in placement or sidecasting of silt and debris
removed during ditch cleaning, vegetation or mulch from mowing or
cutting, and other material from ditch maintenance shall, to the maximum
extent practicable, avoid shrub habitat and at no time disturb more than
\1/4\ mile of riparian shrub habitat per linear mile of ditch within any
calendar year.
(3) To the maximum extent practicable, all ditch maintenance
activities should be carried out during the Preble's hibernation season,
November through April.
(D) All ditch maintenance activities carried out during the Preble's
active season, May through October, should be conducted during daylight
hours only.
(E) Ditch maintenance activities that would result in permanent or
long-term loss of potential habitat that would not be considered normal
or customary include replacement of existing infrastructure with
components of substantially different materials and design, such as
replacement of open ditches with pipeline or concrete-lined ditches,
replacement of an existing gravel access road with a permanently paved
road, or replacement of an earthen diversion structure with a rip-rap
and concrete structure, and construction of new infrastructure or the
movement of existing infrastructure to new locations, such as
realignment of a ditch, building a new access road, or installation of
new diversion works where none previously existed.
(3) When is take of Preble's not allowed?
(i) Any manner of take not described under paragraph (l)(2) of this
section.
(ii) No person may import or export, ship in interstate commerce in
the course of commercial activity, or sell or offer for sale in
interstate or foreign commerce any Preble's meadow jumping mice.
(iii) No person, except for an authorized person, may possess, sell,
deliver, carry, transport, or ship any Preble's meadow jumping mice that
have been taken illegally.
(4) Where does this rule apply? The take exemptions provided by this
rule are applicable within the entire range of the Preble's meadow
jumping mouse.
(m) Vicu[ntilde]a. This paragraph (m) applies to the threatened
vicu[ntilde]a (Vicugna vicugna).
(1) What activities involving vicu[ntilde]a are prohibited by this
rule? (i) Appendix I populations. All provisions of Sec. 17.31 (a) and
(b) and Sec. 17.32 apply to vicu[ntilde]a and vicu[ntilde]a parts and
products originating from populations currently listed in Appendix I of
the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild
Fauna and Flora (CITES).
(ii) Import, export, and re-export. Except as provided in paragraph
(m)(2) of this section, you must not import, export, or re-export, or
present for export or re-export without valid CITES permits
vicu[ntilde]a or vicu[ntilde]a parts and products originating from
populations listed in Appendix II of CITES.
(iii) Commercial activity. Except as provided in paragraph (m)(2) of
this section, you must not sell or offer for sale, deliver, receive,
carry, transport,
[[Page 115]]
or ship in interstate or foreign commerce in the course of a commercial
activity vicu[ntilde]a or vicu[ntilde]a parts and products from
populations listed in Appendix II of CITES.
(iv) It is unlawful for any person subject to the jurisdiction of
the United States to commit, attempt to commit, solicit to commit, or
cause to be committed any acts described in paragraphs (m)(1)(ii)-(iii)
of this section.
(2) What activities involving vicu[ntilde]a are allowed by this
rule? You may import, export, or re-export, or place in interstate or
foreign commerce, vicu[ntilde]a products, consisting of either raw fiber
or items and cloth made, or partially made, from vicu[ntilde]a fiber,
without a threatened species permit issued according to Sec. 17.32 only
when the provisions in parts 13, 14, and 23 of this chapter and the
requirements of the applicable subparagraphs of this paragraph (m)(2)
have been met:
(i) Import, export, or re-export. You may import, export, or re-
export into or from the United States vicu[ntilde]a products, consisting
of either raw fiber or items and cloth made, or partially made, from
vicu[ntilde]a fiber originating in a country authorized under paragraph
(m)(4) of this section, provided the following conditions are met:
(A) The vicu[ntilde]a product must comply with all CITES product
annotations as given in the CITES Secretariat's official list of the
CITES Appendices, and all imports, exports, and re-exports of
vicu[ntilde]a products (including raw fiber re-exported from, or
products manufactured in, intermediary countries) must be identified as
follows:
(1) Cloth, cloth products, and other finished products (including
luxury handicrafts and knitted articles not produced in the country of
origin): The reverse side of cloth, cloth products, and other finished
products (including luxury handicrafts and knitted articles not produced
in the country of origin), and samples of any of these items, must bear
the logo adopted by countries signatory to the ``Convenio para la
Conservaci[oacute]n y Manejo de la Vicu[ntilde]a'' and the words
``VICU[Ntilde]A--(Country of Origin),'' where country of origin is the
name of the country where the vicu[ntilde]a fiber in the products
originated, either Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, or Peru. The logo and
words may be woven into the item, or may be on a label sewn into the
item.
(2) Luxury handicrafts and knitted articles produced in the country
of origin: The luxury handicraft or knitted article must bear the logo
adopted by countries signatory to the ``Convenio para la
Conservaci[oacute]n y Manejo de la Vicu[ntilde]a'' and the words
``VICU[Ntilde]A--(Country of Origin)--ARTESANIA,'' where country of
origin is the name of the country where the vicu[ntilde]a fiber in the
products, and the products themselves, originated, either Argentina,
Bolivia, Chile, or Peru. The logo and words may be woven into the item,
or may be on a label sewn into the item.
(3) Bulk shipments of raw fiber: The bulk shipment of raw fiber must
be sealed with a tamper-proof seal and have the following:
(i) An identification tag with a code identifying the country of
origin of the vicu[ntilde]a fiber and the CITES export permit number;
and
(ii) The logo adopted by countries signatory to the ``Convenio para
la Conservaci[oacute]n y Manejo de la Vicu[ntilde]a'' and the words
``VICU[Ntilde]A--(Country of Origin),'' where country of origin is the
name of the original exporting country where the vicu[ntilde]a fiber in
the products originated, either Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, or Peru.
(B) The shipment must be accompanied by a CITES permit or
certificate that contains the following information:
(1) The country of origin, its export permit number, and date of
issuance.
(2) If re-export, the country of re-export, its certificate number,
and date of issuance.
(3) If applicable, the country of last re-export, its certificate
number, and date of issuance.
(C) At the time of import, for each shipment covered by this
exception, the country of origin and each country of re-export involved
in the trade of a particular shipment must have designated both a CITES
Management Authority and Scientific Authority, and have not been
identified by the CITES Conference of the Parties, the CITES Standing
Committee, or in a Notification from the CITES Secretariat as a country
from which Parties should not
[[Page 116]]
accept permits. A listing of all countries that have not designated both
a Management Authority and Scientific Authority, or that have been
identified as a country from which Parties should not accept permits is
available by writing: The Division of Management Authority, ARLSQ Room
700, 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Arlington,
VA 22203. The list is also on our website (http://
international.fws.gov).
(ii) Noncommercial accompanying baggage. The conditions described in
paragraph (m)(2)(i) of this section also apply to noncommercial personal
effects in accompanying baggage or household effects from Appendix II
populations. Such items are treated the same as Appendix II commercial
shipments, and must comply with the same documentary requirements. All
other noncommercial personal effects in accompanying baggage or
household effects require both a CITES Appendix I permit and a permit as
described in Sec. 17.32.
(iii) Embryos, gametes, blood, other tissue samples, and live
animals. This special rule does not apply to embryos, gametes, blood, or
other tissue samples of vicu[ntilde]a, or to live vicu[ntilde]a. Import
of such specimens requires an import permit as described in Sec. 17.32
in addition to CITES Appendix I import and export permits, and will be
issued only for bona fide scientific research contributing to
conservation of the species in the wild.
(3) When and how will the Service inform the public of additional
restrictions in trade of vicu[ntilde]a? Except in rare cases involving
extenuating circumstances that do not adversely affect the conservation
of the species, we will issue an information notice that identifies a
restriction on trade in specimens of vicu[ntilde]a addressed in this
paragraph (m) if any of the following criteria are met:
(i) The country is listed in a Notification to the Parties by the
CITES Secretariat as lacking a designated Management or Scientific
Authority that issues CITES documents or their equivalent.
(ii) The country is identified in any action adopted by the
Conference of the Parties to the Convention, the Convention's Standing
Committee, or in a Notification issued by the CITES Secretariat, whereby
Parties are asked not to accept shipments of specimens of any CITES-
listed species from the country in question.
(iii) The Service's Division of Scientific Authority
administratively determines that the conservation or management status
of threatened vicu[ntilde]a populations in a range country has changed,
such that continued recovery of the vicu[ntilde]a population in that
country may be compromised, as a result of one or more of the following
factors:
(A) A change in range country laws or regulations that lessens
protection for vicu[ntilde]a;
(B) A change in range country management programs that lessens
protection for vicu[ntilde]a;
(C) A documented decline in wild vicu[ntilde]a population numbers;
(D) A documented increase in poaching of vicu[ntilde]a;
(E) A documented decline in vicu[ntilde]a habitat quality or
quantity; or
(F) Other natural or man-made factors affecting the species'
recovery.
(iv) A listing of all countries that have not designated both a
Management Authority and Scientific Authority, or that have been
identified as a country from which Parties should not accept permits is
available by writing: The Division of Management Authority, ARLSQ Room
700, 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Arlington,
VA 22203. The list is also on our website (http://
international.fws.gov).
(4) What must vicu[ntilde]a range countries do in order to be
authorized under the special rule to export to the United States? (i)
Annual Report. Range country governments (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and
Peru) wishing to export specimens of vicu[ntilde]a to the United States
will need to provide an annual report containing the most recent
information available on the status of the species, following the
information guidelines specified below. The first submission of a status
report will be required as of July 1, 2003, and every year thereafter on
the anniversary of that date. For each range country, the following
information should be provided in the annual report:
[[Page 117]]
(A) A description of any revisions to the management program,
especially any changes in management approaches or emphasis;
(B) New information obtained in the last year on vicu[ntilde]a
distribution, population status, or population trends, for the country
as a whole or for specific protected areas, and a detailed description
of the methodology used to obtain such information;
(C) Results of any research projects concluded in the last year on
the biology of vicu[ntilde]a in the wild, particularly its population
biology, habitat use, and genetics, and a description of any new
research projects undertaken on the biology of vicu[ntilde]a in the
wild, particularly its population biology, habitat use, and genetics;
(D) A description of any changes to national and/or provincial laws
and programs relating to vicu[ntilde]a conservation, in particular those
laws and regulations related to harvest and use of the vicu[ntilde]a,
and export of vicu[ntilde]a parts and products;
(E) A description of any changes in the number or size of natural
reserves or national parks that provide protected habitat for the
vicu[ntilde]a;
(F) A summary of law enforcement activities undertaken in the last
year, and a description of any changes in programs to prevent poaching,
smuggling, and illegal commercialization of the vicu[ntilde]a;
(G) A description of the current management and harvest (or
``sustainable use'') programs for wild populations of the vicu[ntilde]a,
including: any changes in the location and population size of wild
populations being managed for sustainable use; any changes in the
harvest management practices being used for each population; any changes
in current harvest quotas for wild populations, if any; any changes in
protocols for translocations undertaken as part of the use program; a
summary of the specific financial costs of and revenues generated by the
sustainable use program over the last year; and a summary of documented
conservation benefits resulting from the sustainable use program over
the last year;
(H) A description of current management and harvest (or
``sustainable use'') programs for captive and so-called ``semi-captive''
populations of the vicu[ntilde]a, including: any changes in the number
and location of all captive and ``semi-captive'' populations; any
changes in the size (ha) of each captive enclosure and the number of
vicu[ntilde]a maintained therein; any changes in protocols for
translocations undertaken as part of the use program; a summary of the
financial costs of and revenues generated by the sustainable use program
over the last year; and documented conservation benefits resulting from
the sustainable use program over the last year (information on captive
and ``semi-captive'' populations must be separate from that provided for
wild populations); and
(I) Export data for the last year.
(ii) The Service's Division of Scientific Authority will conduct a
review every 2 years, using information in the annual reports, to
determine whether range country management programs are effectively
achieving conservation benefits for the vicu[ntilde]a. Failure to submit
an annual report could result in a restriction on trade in specimens of
vicu[ntilde]a as addressed in paragraph (m)(3) of this section. Based on
information contained in the annual reports and any other pertinent
information it has available, the Service may restrict trade from a
range country, as addressed in paragraph (m)(3) of this section, if it
determines that the conservation or management status of threatened
vicu[ntilde]a populations in a range country has changed, such that
continued recovery of the vicu[ntilde]a population in that country may
be compromised. Trade restrictions may result from one or more of the
following factors:
(A) A change in range country laws or regulations that lessens
protection for vicu[ntilde]a;
(B) A change in range country management programs that lessens
protection for vicu[ntilde]a;
(C) A documented decline in wild vicu[ntilde]a population numbers;
(D) A documented increase in poaching of vicu[ntilde]a;
(E) A documented decline in vicu[ntilde]a habitat quality or
quantity; or
(F) Other natural or man-made factors affecting the species'
recovery.
[[Page 118]]
(n) Gray wolf (Canis lupus) in Washington, Oregon, California,
Idaho, Nevada, Montana, Utah north of U.S. Highway 50, and Colorado
north of Interstate Highway 70, except where listed as an experimental
population.
(1) Application of this special rule to the experimental populations
located in Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming. Paragraphs (n) (2) through (6)
of this section do not apply to gray wolves within the experimental
populations areas in Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming established under
section 10(j) of the Act and delineated in Sec. 17.84(i).
(2) Definitions of terms used in paragraph (n) of this section.
(i) Active den site. A den or a specific aboveground site that is
being used on a daily basis by wolves to raise newborn pups during the
period April 1 to June 30.
(ii) Breeding pair. An adult male and an adult female wolf that,
during the previous breeding season, have produced at least two pups
that survived until December 31 of the year of their birth.
(iii) Domestic animals. Animals that have been selectively bred over
many generations to enhance specific traits for their use by humans,
including use as pets. This includes livestock (as defined below) and
dogs.
(iv) Livestock. Cattle, sheep, horses, mules, and herding or guard
animals (llamas, donkeys, and certain special-use breeds of dogs
commonly used for guarding or herding livestock) or as otherwise defined
in State and tribal wolf management plans as approved by the Service.
This excludes dogs that are not being used for livestock guarding or
herding.
(v) Noninjurious. Does not cause either temporary or permanent
physical damage or death.
(vi) Opportunistic harassment. Harassment without the conduct of
prior purposeful actions to attract, track, wait for, or search out the
wolf.
(vii) Problem wolves. Wolves that attack livestock, or wolves that
twice in a calendar year attack domestic animals other than livestock.
(viii) Public land. Federal land and any other public land
designated in State and tribal wolf management plans as approved by the
Service.
(ix) Remove. Place in captivity or kill or release in another
location.
(x) Wounded. Exhibiting torn flesh and bleeding or other evidence of
physical damage caused by a wolf bite.
(3) Allowable forms of take of gray wolves. The following
activities, only in the specific circumstances described in paragraph
(n) of this section, are allowed: opportunistic harassment; intentional
harassment; taking on private land; taking on public land; taking in
response to impacts on wild ungulates; taking in defense of human life;
taking to protect human safety; taking by government agents to remove
problem wolves; incidental take; taking under permits; and taking per
authorizations for agency employees. Other than as expressly provided in
this rule, all the prohibitions of Sec. 17.31(a) and (b) apply, and all
other take activities are considered a violation of section 9 of the
Act. Any wolf, or wolf part, taken legally must be turned over to the
Service unless otherwise specified in paragraph (n) of this section. Any
taking of wolves must be reported to the Service as outlined in
paragraph (n)(6) of this section.
(i) Opportunistic harassment. Landowners on their own land and
livestock producers or permittees who are legally using public land
under valid livestock grazing allotments may conduct opportunistic
harassment of any gray wolf in a noninjurious manner at any time.
Opportunistic harassment must be reported to the Service within 7 days
as outlined in paragraph (n)(6) of this section.
(ii) Intentional harassment. After we or our designated agent have
confirmed persistent wolf activity on privately owned land or on a
public land grazing allotment, we may, pursuant to Sec. 17.32, issue a
90-day permit, with appropriate conditions, to any landowner to harass
wolves in a potentially injurious manner (such as by projectiles
designed to be nonlethal to larger mammals). The harassment must occur
as specifically identified in the Service permit.
(iii) Taking by landowners on private land. Landowners may take
wolves on privately owned land in the following two additional
circumstances:
[[Page 119]]
(A) Any landowner may take a gray wolf that is in the act of biting,
wounding, or killing livestock or dogs, provided that the landowner
provides evidence of animal(s) freshly (less than 24 hours) wounded or
killed by wolves, and we or our designated agent are able to confirm
that the animal(s) were wounded or killed by wolves. The taking of any
wolf without such evidence may be referred to the appropriate
authorities for prosecution.
(B) A private landowner may be issued a limited duration permit
pursuant to Sec. 17.32 to take a gray wolf on the landowner's private
land if:
(1) This private property or an adjacent private property has had at
least two depredations by wolves on livestock or dogs that have been
confirmed by us or our designated agent; and
(2) We or our designated agent have determined that wolves are
routinely present on that private property and present a significant
risk to the health and safety of livestock or dogs. The landowner must
conduct the take in compliance with the permit issued by the Service.
(iv) Take on public land. Under the authority of Sec. 17.32, we may
issue permits to take gray wolves under certain circumstances to
livestock producers or permittees who are legally using public land
under valid livestock grazing allotments. The permits, which may be
valid for up to 45 days, can allow the take of a gray wolf that is in
the act of killing, wounding, or biting livestock, after we or our
designated agent have confirmed that wolves have previously wounded or
killed livestock, and agency efforts to resolve the problem have been
completed and were ineffective. We or our designated agent will
investigate and determine if the previously wounded or killed livestock
were wounded or killed by wolves. There must be evidence of livestock
freshly wounded or killed by wolves. The taking of any wolf without such
evidence may be referred to the appropriate authorities for prosecution.
(v) Take in response to wild ungulate impacts. If wolves are causing
unacceptable impacts to wild ungulate populations, a State or tribe may
capture and move wolves to other areas within the States identified in
paragraph (n) of this section or experimental populations areas in
Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming established under section 10(j) of the Act
and delineated in Sec. 17.84(i). In order for this provision to apply,
the States or tribes must define in their wolf management plan such
unacceptable impacts, describe how they will be measured, and identify
possible mitigation measures. Before wolves can be captured and moved,
we must approve these plans and determine that such actions will not
inhibit wolf population growth toward recovery levels. In addition, if,
after 10 breeding pairs are established in the State, we determine that
wolves are causing unacceptable impacts to wild ungulate populations, we
may, in cooperation with the appropriate State fish and game agencies or
tribes, capture and move wolves to other areas within the States
identified in paragraph (n) of this section or experimental populations
areas in Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming.
(vi) Take in defense of human life. Any person may take a gray wolf
in defense of the individual's life or the life of another person. The
unauthorized taking of a wolf without an immediate and direct threat to
human life may be referred to the appropriate authorities for
prosecution.
(vii) Take to protect human safety. We or a Federal land management
agency or a State or tribal conservation agency may promptly remove any
wolf that we or our designated agent determines to be a demonstrable but
nonimmediate threat to human life or safety.
(viii) Take of problem wolves by Service personnel or our designated
agent. We or our designated agent may carry out aversive conditioning,
nonlethal control, relocation, permanent placement in captivity, or
lethal control of problem wolves. If nonlethal depredation control
activities occurring on public lands result in the capture, prior to
October 1, of a female wolf showing signs that she is still raising pups
of the year (e.g., evidence of lactation, recent sightings with pups),
whether or not she is captured with her pups, then she and her pups may
be released at or near the site of capture. Female wolves with pups may
be removed if continued depredation occurs. Problem wolves
[[Page 120]]
that depredate on domestic animals more than twice in a calendar year,
including female wolves with pups regardless of whether on public or
private lands, may be moved or removed from the wild. To determine the
presence of problem wolves, we or our agents will consider all of the
following:
(A) Evidence of wounded livestock or other domestic animals or
remains of a carcass that shows that the injury or death was caused by
wolves;
(B) The likelihood that additional losses may occur if no control
action is taken;
(C) Any evidence of unusual attractants or artificial or intentional
feeding of wolves; and
(D) Evidence that, on public lands, if animal husbandry practices
were previously identified in existing approved allotment plans and
annual operating plans for allotments, they were followed.
(ix) Incidental take. Take of a gray wolf is allowed if the take was
accidental and incidental to an otherwise lawful activity and if
reasonable due care was practiced to avoid such taking. Incidental take
is not allowed if the take is not accidental or if reasonable due care
was not practiced to avoid such taking; we may refer such taking to the
appropriate authorities for prosecution. Shooters have the
responsibility to identify their target before shooting. Shooting a wolf
as a result of mistaking it for another species is not considered
accidental and may be referred to the appropriate authorities for
prosecution.
(x) Take under permits. Any person with a valid permit issued by the
Service under Sec. 17.32 may take wolves in the wild, pursuant to terms
of the permit.
(xi) Additional taking authorizations for agency employees. When
acting in the course of official duties, any employee of the Service or
appropriate Federal, State, or tribal agency, who is designated as an
agent in writing for such purposes by the Service, may take a wolf or
wolf-like canid for the following purposes; such take must be reported
to the Service within 15 days as outlined in paragraph (n)(6) of this
section and specimens may be retained or disposed of only in accordance
with directions from the Service:
(A) Scientific purposes;
(B) Avoiding conflict with human activities;
(C) Improving wolf survival and recovery prospects;
(D) Aiding or euthanizing sick, injured, or orphaned wolves;
(E) Disposing of a dead specimen;
(F) Salvaging a dead specimen that may be used for scientific study;
(G) Aiding in law enforcement investigations involving wolves; or
(H) Preventing wolves with abnormal physical or behavioral
characteristics, as determined by the Service, from passing on those
traits to other wolves.
(4) Prohibited take of gray wolves. (i) Any manner of take not
described under paragraph (n)(3) of this section.
(ii) No person may possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export by any means whatsoever, any wolf or wolf part from
the State of origin taken in violation of the regulations in paragraph
(n) of this section or in violation of applicable State or tribal fish
and wildlife laws or regulations or the Act.
(iii) In addition to the offenses defined in paragraph (n) of this
section, we consider any attempts to commit, solicitations of another to
commit, or actions that cause to be committed any such offenses to be
unlawful.
(iv) Use of unlawfully taken wolves. No person, except for an
authorized person, may possess, deliver, carry, transport, or ship a
gray wolf taken unlawfully.
(5) Federal land use. Restrictions on the use of any Federal lands
may be put in place to prevent the take of wolves at active den sites
between April 1 and June 30. Otherwise, no additional land-use
restrictions on Federal lands, except for National Parks or National
Wildlife Refuges, will be necessary to reduce or prevent take of wolves
solely to benefit gray wolf recovery under the Act. This prohibition
does not preclude restricting land use when necessary to reduce negative
impacts of wolf restoration efforts on other endangered or threatened
species.
(6) Reporting requirements. Except as otherwise specified in
paragraph (n) of
[[Page 121]]
this section or in a permit issued under Sec. 17.32, any taking of a
gray wolf must be reported to the Service within 24 hours. We will allow
additional reasonable time if access to the site is limited. Report wolf
takings, including opportunistic harassment, to U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, Western Gray Wolf Recovery Coordinator (100 N. Park,
320, Helena, MT 59601; 406-449-5225 extension 204; facsimile
406-449-5339), or a Service-designated representative of another
Federal, State, or tribal agency. Unless otherwise specified in
paragraph (n) of this section, any wolf or wolf part, taken legally must
be turned over to the Service, which will determine the disposition of
any live or dead wolves.
(o) Gray wolf (Canis lupus) in North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska,
Kansas, Iowa, Missouri, Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, Indiana, and
Ohio.
(1) Definitions of terms used in paragraph (o) of this section.
(i) Domestic animals. Animals that have been selectively bred over
many generations to enhance specific traits for their use by humans,
including use as pets.
(ii) Livestock. Cattle, sheep, horses, and mules or as otherwise
defined in State and tribal wolf management plans.
(2) Allowable forms of take of gray wolves. The following
activities, in certain circumstances as described below, are allowed:
Take in defense of human life; take to protect human safety; take to
aid, salvage, or dispose; take for depredation control; take under
cooperative agreements; and take under permit. As stated in Sec.
17.31(c), the provisions of this paragraph (o) contain all the
applicable take prohibitions and exceptions; all other take activities
in these States are considered a violation of section 9 of the Act. Any
wolf, or wolf part, taken legally must be turned over to the Service
unless otherwise specified in paragraph (o) of this section. Any taking
of wolves must be reported to the Service as outlined in paragraph
(o)(4) of this section.
(i) Take in defense of human life. Any person may take a gray wolf
in defense of the individual's life or the life of another person. The
unauthorized taking of a wolf without an immediate and direct threat to
human life may be referred to the appropriate authorities for
prosecution.
(ii) Take to protect human safety. We or a Federal land management
agency or a State or tribal conservation agency, or an agent of one of
these agencies who is designated in writing for such purpose, may
promptly remove any wolf that the agency determines to be a demonstrable
but nonimmediate threat to human life or safety.
(iii) Allowable take for aiding, salvaging, or disposing of
specimens. When acting in the course of official duties, any authorized
employee or agent of the Service, any other Federal land management
agency or the wildlife conservation agency of a State or of a federally
recognized Native American tribe, who is designated by his/her agency
for such purposes, may take a gray wolf in the person's area of
jurisdiction without a Federal permit if such action is necessary for
the following purposes; such take must be reported to the Service within
15 days as outlined in paragraph (o)(4) of this section, and specimens
may be retained or disposed of only in accordance with directions from
the Service:
(A) Aiding a sick, injured, or orphaned specimen;
(B) Disposing of a dead specimen; or
(C) Salvaging a dead specimen that may be useful for scientific
study or for traditional cultural purposes by Native American tribes.
(iv) Allowable take for depredation control. When acting in the
course of official duties, any authorized employee or agent of the
Service, of the wildlife conservation agency of a State, or of a
federally recognized Native American tribe, who is designated by his/her
agency for such purposes, may take a gray wolf or wolves within the
person's State or, in the case of a tribal employee, within that
person's Reservation boundaries, in response to depredation by a gray
wolf on lawfully present livestock or domestic animals. However, such
taking must be preceded by a determination by one of the agencies listed
in paragraph (o) of this section that the depredation was likely to have
been caused by a gray wolf and
[[Page 122]]
depredation at the site is likely to continue in the absence of a
taking. In addition, such taking must be performed in a humane manner
and occur within 1 mile of the place where the depredation occurred if
in Michigan or Wisconsin, and within 4 miles of the place where the
depredation occurred if in the remaining area covered by paragraph (o)
of this section. Any young of the year taken by trapping on or before
August 1 of that year must be released. Any take for depredation control
must reported to the Service within 15 days as outlined in paragraph
(o)(4) of this section. The specimen may be retained or disposed of only
in accordance with directions from the Service.
(v) Take under section 6 cooperative agreements. When acting in the
course of official duties, any authorized employee or agent of the State
wildlife conservation agencies in the area covered by paragraph (o) of
this section, who is designated by his/her agency for such purposes
under a cooperative agreement under section 6 of the Act, may take a
gray wolf in his/her respective State to carry out scientific research
or conservation programs. Such takings must be reported to the Service
as specified in the reporting provisions of the cooperative agreement.
(vi) Take under permit. Any person who has a permit under Sec.
17.32 may carry out activities as specified by the permit with regard to
gray wolves in the area covered by paragraph (o) of this section.
(3) Prohibited take of gray wolves. (i) Any form of taking not
described in paragraph (o)(2) of this section is prohibited.
(ii) Export and commercial transactions. Except as may be authorized
by a permit issued underSec. 17.32, no person may sell or offer for
sale in interstate commerce, import or export, or, in the course of a
commercial activity, transport or receive any gray wolves from the
States, or portions thereof, covered by paragraph (o) of this section.
(iii) In addition to the offenses defined in paragraph (o) of this
section, we consider any attempts to commit, solicitations of another to
commit, or actions that cause to be committed any such offenses to be
unlawful.
(iv) Use of unlawfully taken wolves. No person, except for an
authorized person, may possess, deliver, carry, transport, or ship a
gray wolf taken unlawfully in the area covered by paragraph (o) of this
section.
(4) Reporting requirements. Except as otherwise specified in
paragraph (o) of this section or in a permit issued under Sec. 17.32,
any taking must be reported to the Service within 24 hours. Report wolf
takings in North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas to 303-236-
7540, and in Iowa, Missouri, Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, Indiana, and
Ohio to 612-713-5320, or a Service-designated representative of another
Federal, State, or tribal agency. (Individuals who are hearing-impaired
or speech-impaired may call the Federal Relay Service at 1-800-877-
8337.) Unless otherwise specified in paragraph (o) of this section, any
wolf or wolf part, taken legally must be turned over to the Service,
which will determine the disposition of any live or dead wolves.
(5) Take regulations for States in the Eastern Gray Wolf Distinct
Population Segment (DPS) not covered by this paragraph (o). This special
rule does not apply to the States of Minnesota, Pennsylvania, New
Jersey, New York, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Vermont, New
Hampshire, and Maine. While these States are included in the Eastern
DPS, this special regulation does not apply to the entire DPS, and it
specifically does not apply to these 10 States. Gray wolves in these
States, other than Minnesota, are covered by the prohibitions of Sec.
17.31(a) and (b), which apply to all threatened species that are not
subject to a special regulation. Gray wolves in Minnesota are covered by
a separate special regulation in paragraph (d) of this section.
[40 FR 44415, Sept. 26, 1975]
Editorial Note: For Federal Register citations affecting Sec.
17.40, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the
Finding Aids section of the printed volume and on GPO Access.
Sec. 17.41 Special rules--birds.
(a) Bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) wherever listed as
threatened under Sec. 17.11(h).
(1) Applicable provisions. All prohibitions and measures of
Sec. Sec. 17.31 and 17.32
[[Page 123]]
shall apply to any threatened bald eagle, except that any permit issued
under Sec. 21.22 or part 22 of this chapter shall be deemed to satisfy
all requirements of Sec. Sec. 17.31 and 17.32 for that authorized
activity, and a second permit shall not be required under Sec. 17.32. A
permit is required under Sec. 17.32 for any activity not covered by any
permit issued under Sec. 21.22 or part 22 of this chapter.
(2) [Reserved]
(b) Coastal California gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica
californica). (1) Except as noted in paragraphs (b)(2) and (3) of this
section, all prohibitions of Sec. 17.31(a) and (b) shall apply to the
coastal California gnatcatcher.
(2) Incidental take of the coastal California gnatcatcher will not
be considered a violation of section 9 of the Endangered Species Act of
1973, as amended (Act), if it results from activities conducted pursuant
to the State of California's Natural Community Conservation Planning Act
of 1991 (NCCP), and in accordance with a NCCP plan for the protection of
coastal sage scrub habitat, prepared consistent with the State's NCCP
Conservation and Process Guidelines, provided that:
(i) The NCCP plan has been prepared, approved, and implemented
pursuant to California Fish and Game Code sections 2800-2840; and
(ii) The Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) has issued written
concurrence that the NCCP plan meets the standards set forth in 50 CFR
17.32(b)(2). The Service shall issue its concurrence pursuant to the
provisions of the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU), dated December 4,
1991, between the California Department of Fish and Game and the Service
regarding coastal sage scrub natural community conservation planning in
southern California. (Copies of the State's NCCP Conservation and
Process Guidelines and the MOU are available from the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, Carlsbad Field Office, 2730 Loker Avenue West,
Carlsbad, CA 92008.) The Service shall monitor the implementation of the
NCCP plan and may revoke its concurrence under this paragraph (b)(2)(ii)
if the NCCP plan, as implemented, fails to adhere to the standards set
forth in 50 CFR 17.32(b)(2).
(3) During the period that a NCCP plan referred to in paragraph
(b)(2) of this section is being prepared, incidental take of the coastal
California gnatcatcher will not be a violation of section 9 of the Act
if such take occurs within an area under the jurisdiction of a local
government agency that is enrolled and actively engaged in the
preparation of such a plan and such take results from activities
conducted in accordance with the NCCP Conservation Guidelines and
Process Guidelines.
(4) The Service will monitor the implementation of the NCCP
Conservation and Process Guidelines as a whole, and will conduct a
review every 6 months to determine whether the guidelines, as
implemented, are effective in progressing toward or meeting regional and
subregional conservation objectives during the interim planning period.
If the Service determines that the guidelines are not effecting adequate
progress toward or meeting regional and subregional conservation
objectives, the Service will consult with the California Department of
Fish and Game pursuant to the MOU to seek appropriate modification of
the guidelines or their application as defined therein. If appropriate
modification of the guidelines or their application as defined therein
does not occur, the Service may revoke the interim take provisions of
this special rule on a subregional or subarea basis. The Service will
publish the findings for revocation in the Federal Register and provide
for a 30-day public comment period prior to the effective date for
revoking the provisions of the special rule in a particular area.
Revocation would result in the reinstatement of the take prohibitions
set forth under 50 CFR 17.31(a) and (b) in the affected NCCP area.
[43 FR 6233, Feb. 14, 1978, as amended at 58 FR 65095, Dec. 10, 1993; 60
FR 36010, July 12, 1995]
Sec. 17.42 Special rules--reptiles.
(a) American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)--(1)
Definitions. For purpose of this paragraph (a): ``American alligator''
shall mean any member of the species Alligator mississippiensis, whether
alive or dead, and any part,
[[Page 124]]
product, egg, or offspring thereof found in captivity or the wild.
(2) Taking. No person may take any American alligator, except:
(i) Any employee or agent of the Service, any other Federal land
management agency, or a State conservation agency, who is designated by
the agency for such purposes, may, when acting in the course of official
duties, take an American alligator.
(ii) Any person may take an American alligator in the wild, or one
which was born in captivity or lawfully placed in captivity, and may
deliver, receive, carry, transport, ship, sell, offer to sell, purchase,
or offer to purchase such alligator in interstate or foreign commerce,
by any means whatsoever and in the course of a commercial activity in
accordance with the laws and regulations of the State of taking subject
to the following conditions:
(A) Any hide of such alligator may be sold or otherwise transferred
only in compliance with paragraph (a)(2)(ii)(C) of this section;
(B) Any hide, meat or other part may be sold or otherwise
transferred only in accordance with the laws and regulations of the
State in which the taking occurs and the State in which the sale or
transfer occurs;
(C) The State of taking requires hides to be tagged by State
officials, or under State supervision, with a Service approved tag, a
sample of which must be on file in the Federal Wildlife Permit Office
(FWPO), that:
(1) Is made of permanent material,
(2) Shows State of origin, year of take, species, and is serially
unique, and
(3) Cannot be opened and reused once attached to the hide.
(iii) Import/Export. Any person may import or export hides,
manufactured products, meat or other parts in accordance with part 23 of
this chapter.
(iv) Recordkeeping
(A) Any person not holding an import/export license issued by the
Service under Sec. 14.91 and who imports, exports, or obtains permits
under part 23 for the import or export of American alligator shall keep
such records as are otherwise required to be maintained by all import/
export licensees under Sec. 14.93(d). Such records shall be maintained
as in the normal course of business, reproducible in the English
language, and retained available for Service inspection for 5 years from
the date of each transaction.
(B) Subject to applicable limitations of law, duly authorized
Service officers at all reasonable time shall, upon notice, be afforded
access to examine such records required to be kept under paragraph
(a)(2)(iv)(A)(1) of this section, and an opportunity to copy such
records.
(b) Green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), loggerhead sea turtle
(Caretta caretta), olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea)
(these do not include the populations listed as endangered in Sec.
17.11).
(1) Prohibitions. Subject to the permits allowable under the
following paragraph (b)(2) of this section, all of the provisions set
forth in Sec. 17.31 (which incorporate portions of Sec. 17.21) shall
apply to this wildlife with the following exceptions:
(i) Section 17.21(c)(2) (self-defense) is not applicable.
(ii) In Sec. 17.21(c)(3)(i), the word ``orphaned'' is replaced by
the word ``stranded.''
(iii) Delete Sec. 17.21(c)(3)(iv) (Wildlife threatening human
safety).
(iv) [Reserved]
(v) The prohibition against taking shall not apply to incidental
catches, as specified in 50 CFR 227.72(e).
(vi) The prohibition against taking within the United States or the
territorial sea of the United States shall not apply to subsistence
taking, as specified in 50 CFR 227.72(f).
(2) Permits. (i) For those activities which come under the
jurisdiction of the Service, only permits for scientific purposes,
enhancement of propagation or survival, zoological exhibition or
educational purposes, are available under Sec. 17.32. Procedures for
issuance of permits are found in Sec. 17.32 and, for those activities
which come under the jurisdiction of the National Marine Fisheries
Service, subpart E of part 220. All the provisions of Sec. 17.32 apply
to permits issued by the Service.
(c) Threatened crocodilians. This paragraph applies to the following
species: Saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) originating in
Australia (also
[[Page 125]]
referred to as Australian saltwater crocodile) and Nile crocodile
(Crocodylus niloticus) populations listed in Appendix II of the
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna
and Flora (CITES or Convention).
(1) Definitions of terms for purposes of this paragraph (c)--(i)
Crocodilian skins means whole or partial skins, flanks, and bellies
(whether salted, crusted, tanned, partially tanned, or otherwise
processed).
(ii) Crocodilian parts means meat and body parts with or without
skin attached (including tails, throats, feet, and backstrips and other
parts), except skulls.
(iii) Country of re-export means those intermediary countries that
import and re-export crocodilian skins, parts, and/or products, except
that those countries through which crocodilian skins, parts, and/or
products are transhipped while remaining under Customs control will not
be considered to be a country of re-export.
(iv) Tagging resolution shall mean the CITES resolution entitled
``Universal Tagging System for the Identification of Crocodilian Skins''
and numbered Conf. 9.22 and any subsequent revisions.
(2) Prohibitions. All provisions of Sec. 17.31 (a) and (b) and
Sec. 17.32 apply to Nile crocodile populations listed in Appendix I of
CITES. The following prohibitions apply to saltwater crocodiles
(Crocodylus porosus) originating in Australia and to all Nile crocodile
(Crocodylus niloticus) populations in Appendix II of CITES:
(i) Import, export, and re-export. Except as provided in paragraph
(c)(3) of this section, it is unlawful to import, export, re-export, or
present for export or re-export any Nile crocodile (Crocodylus
niloticus) or Australian saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) or
their skins, other parts or products, without valid permits required
under 50 CFR parts 17 and 23.
(ii) Commercial activity. Except as provided in paragraph (c)(3) of
this section, it is unlawful, in the course of a commercial activity, to
sell or offer for sale, deliver, receive, carry, transport, or ship in
interstate or foreign commerce any Nile or saltwater crocodile,
crocodilian skins, or other parts or products.
(iii) It is unlawful for any person subject to the jurisdiction of
the United States to commit, attempt to commit, solicit to commit, or
cause to be committed any acts described in paragraphs (c)(2)(i)-(iii)
of this section.
(3) Exceptions. The import, export, or re-export of, or interstate
or foreign commerce in live crocodiles, crocodilian skins, meat, skulls,
and other parts or products may be allowed without a threatened species
permit issued pursuant to 50 CFR 17.32 when the provisions in 50 CFR
parts 13, 14, and 23, and the applicable paragraphs set out below have
been met.
(i) Import, export, or re-export of crocodilian skins and parts. The
import, export, or re-export into/from the United States of crocodilian
skins and parts of Nile crocodiles listed in Appendix II of the
Convention, and of saltwater crocodiles originating in Australia must
meet the following conditions:
(A) All crocodilian parts must be in a transparent, sealed
container, and each container imported into or presented for export or
re-export from the United States after July 24, 1997,
(1) Must have a parts tag attached in such a way that opening of the
container will preclude reuse of an undamaged tag,
(2) This parts tag must contain a description of the contents and
total weight of the container, and
(3) This parts tag must reference the number of the CITES permit
issued to allow the export or re-export of the container;
(B) Each crocodilian skin and each belly skin piece wider than 35
cm. imported into or presented for export or re-export from the United
States after July 24, 1996, must bear: either an intact, uncut tag from
the country of origin meeting all the requirements of the CITES tagging
resolution, or an intact, uncut tag from the country of re-export where
the original tags have been lost or removed from raw, tanned, and/or
finished skins. The replacement tags must meet all the requirements of
the CITES tagging resolution, except showing the country of re-export in
place of the country of origin, provided those
[[Page 126]]
re-exporting countries have implemented an administrative system for the
effective matching of imports and re-exports consistent with the tagging
resolution. Clearance of any shipment with more than 25 percent
replacement tags requires prior consultation with the U.S. Office of
Management Authority by the re-exporting country to determine whether
the requirements of the tagging resolution have been observed;
(C) The same information that is on the tags must be given on the
export permit for all skins or re-export certificate for whole skins and
belly skin pieces wider than 35 cm or on a separate sheet, which will be
considered an integral part of the document, carry the same permit or
certificate number, and be validated by the government authority
designated by the CITES-document issuing authority;
(D) The Convention permit or certificate must contain the following
information:
(1) The country of origin, its export permit number, and date of
issuance;
(2) If re-export, the country of re-export, its certificate number,
and date of issuance; and
(3) If applicable, the country of last re-export, its certificate
number, and date of issuance;
(E) The country of origin and any intermediary country(s) must be
effectively implementing the tagging resolution for this exception to
apply. If the Service receives substantial evidence from the CITES
Secretariat or other reliable sources that the tagging resolution is not
being effectively implemented by a specific country, the Service will
prohibit or restrict imports from such country(s) as appropriate for the
conservation of the species.
(F) At the time of import, for each shipment covered by this
exception, the country of origin and each country of re-export involved
in the trade of a particular shipment is not subject to a Schedule III
Notice of Information pertaining to all wildlife or any members of the
Order Crocodylia that may prohibit or restrict imports. A listing of all
countries that are subject to such a Schedule III Notice of Information
will be available by writing: The Office of Management Authority, ARLSQ
Room 430, 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
Arlington, Virginia, 22203.
(ii) Import, export or re-export of crocodilian products. Import,
export, or re-export into or from the United States of crocodilian
products of Nile crocodiles listed in Appendix II of the Convention, and
saltwater crocodiles originating in Australia will be allowed without
permits required by 50 CFR part 17 provided the following conditions are
met:
(A) The Convention permit or certificate must contain the following
information:
(1) The country of origin, its export permit number, and date of
issuance;
(2) If re-export, the country of re-export, its certificate number,
and date of issuance; and
(3) If applicable, the country of previous re-export, its
certificate number, and date of issuance;
(B) The country of origin and any intermediary country(s) must be
effectively implementing the tagging resolution for this exception to
apply. If the Service receives substantial evidence from the CITES
Secretariat or other reliable sources that the tagging resolution is not
being effectively implemented by a specific country, the Service will
prohibit or restrict imports from such countries as appropriate for the
conservation of the species.
(C) At the time of import, for each shipment covered by this
exception, the country of origin and each country of re-export involved
in the trade of a particular shipment is not subject to a Schedule III
Notice of Information pertaining to all wildlife or any member of the
Order Crocodylia that may prohibit or restrict imports. A listing of all
countries that are subject to such a Schedule III Notice of Information
will be available by writing: The Office of Management Authority, ARLSQ
Room 430, 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
Arlington, Virginia, 22203.
(iii) Shipments of eggs, skulls, meat, scientific specimens and live
specimens. The import/re-export into/from the United States of eggs,
skulls, meat, scientific specimens and live specimens of Nile
[[Page 127]]
crocodile populations listed in Appendix II of CITES or Australian
saltwater crocodile will be allowed without permits otherwise required
by 50 CFR part 17, provided the requirements of part 23 are met.
(iv) Noncommercial accompanying baggage. The conditions of
paragraphs (c)(3)(i) and (ii) for skins tagged in accordance with the
tagging resolution, skulls, meat, other parts, and products made of
specimens of Nile crocodile populations on CITES Appendix II or of
Australian saltwater crocodile do not apply to noncommercial
accompanying personal baggage or household effects.
(v) Personal sport-hunted trophies. The import of personal sport-
hunted trophies, including skulls, of Nile crocodile or saltwater
crocodile from Appendix II populations will be allowed from country of
origin and intermediary countries into the United States without permits
required by 50 CFR part 17, provided that unmounted skins bear an
intact, uncut tag from the country of origin or such a tag accompanies
mounted specimens in accordance with the tagging resolution.
(4) Notice of Information. Except in rare cases involving
extenuating circumstances that do not adversely affect the conservation
of the species, the Service will issue a Schedule III Notice of
Information banning or restricting trade in specimens of crocodilians
addressed in this paragraph (c) if any of the following criteria are
met:
(i) The country is listed in a Notification to the Parties by the
CITES Secretariat as lacking designated Management and Scientific
Authorities that issue CITES documents or their equivalent.
(ii) The country is identified in any action adopted by the Parties
to the Convention, the Convention's Standing Committee, or in a
Notification issued by the CITES Secretariat, whereby Parties are asked
to not accept shipments of specimens of CITES-listed Species from the
country in question.
(iii) The Service determines, based on information from the CITES
Secretariat or other reliable sources that the country is not
effectively implementing the tagging resolution.
(d) Blue-tailed mole skink (Eumeces egregius lividus) and sand skink
(Neoseps reynoldsi). (1) No person shall take these species, except in
accordance with applicable State fish and wildlife conservation laws and
regulations for educational purposes, scientific purposes, the
enhancement or survival of the species, zoological exhibition, and other
conservation purposes consistent with the Act.
(2) Any violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation
laws or regulations with respect to taking of these species is also a
violation of the Endangered Species Act.
(3) No person shall possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export, by any means whatever, any such species taken in
violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation laws or
regulations.
(4) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit
another to commit, or cause to be committed, any offense defined in
paragraph (c) (1) through (3) of this section.
(5) Taking of these species for purposes other than those described
in paragraph (c)(1) of this section, including taking incidental to
carrying out otherwise lawful activities, is prohibited except when
permitted under Sec. Sec. 17.23 and 17.32.
(e) Desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii)--(1) Definition. For the
purposes of this paragraph (e) ``desert tortoise'' shall mean any member
of the species Gopherus agassizii, whether alive or dead, and any part,
product, egg, or offspring thereof, found outside of Arizona (south and
east of the Colorado River) and Mexico, regardless of natal origin or
place of removal from the wild.
(2) Applicable provisions. The provisions of Sec. 17.31-17.32 shall
apply to any desert tortoise subject to this paragraph (e).
(f) Bog turtle (Clemmys muhlenbergii), southern population--(1)
Definitions of terms. For the purposes of this paragraph (f): Bog turtle
of the southern population means any member of the species Clemmys
muhlenbergii, within Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee
and Virginia, regardless of whether in the wild or captivity,
[[Page 128]]
and also applies to the progeny of any such turtle.
(2) Prohibitions. Except as provided in paragraph (f)(3) of this
section, the provisions of Sec. 17.31 (a) and (b) of this part applies
to bog turtles of the southern population (see also 50 CFR part 23).
(3) Take. Incidental take, that is, take that results from, but is
not the purpose of, carrying out an otherwise lawful activity, does not
apply to bog turtles of the southern population.
(g) Threatened caiman. This paragraph applies to the following
species: Yacare caiman (Caiman yacare), the common caiman (Caiman
crocodilus crocodilus), and the brown caiman (Caiman crocodilus fuscus
including Caiman crocodilus chiapasius). These taxa will be collectively
referred to as ``caiman.''
(1) What are the definitions of terms used in this paragraph (g)?
(i) Caiman skins means whole or partial skins, flanks, chalecos, and
bellies (whether these are salted, crusted, tanned, partially tanned, or
otherwise processed).
(ii) Caiman parts means body parts with or without skin attached
(including tails, throats, feet, and other parts, but excluding meat and
skulls) and small cut skins pieces.
(iii) Caiman product means any processed or manufactured product
items (including curios and souvenirs) that are ready for retail sale,
and composed, totally or in part, of yacare caiman, brown caiman, or
common caiman.
(iv) Country of re-export means those intermediary countries that
import and re-export caiman skins, parts, and/or products. However, we
will not consider intermediary countries those through which caiman
skins, parts, and/or products are shipped while remaining under Customs
control.
(v) Universal Tagging System Resolution means the CITES (Convention
on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora)
resolution entitled ``Universal Tagging System for the Identification of
Crocodilian Skins'' and numbered Conf. 9.22, and any subsequent
revisions.
(2) What activities involving yacare caiman (Caiman yacare), the
common caiman (Caiman crocodilus crocodilus), and the brown caiman
(Caiman crocodilus fuscus) are prohibited by this rule? (i) Import,
export, and re-export. Except for the activities described in paragraph
(g)(3) of this section, it is unlawful to import, export, re-export, or
present for export or re-export without valid permits (as required under
50 CFR parts 17 and 23) any caiman or their skins, other parts or
products.
(ii) Commercial activity. Except as described in paragraph (g)(3) of
this section, it is unlawful to sell or offer for sale, deliver,
receive, carry, transport, or ship in interstate or foreign commerce any
caiman or their skins, other parts, or products.
(iii) It is unlawful for any person subject to the jurisdiction of
the United States to commit, attempt to commit, solicit to commit, or
cause to be committed any acts described in paragraphs (g)(2)(i) and
(ii) of this section.
(3) What activities involving yacare caiman (Caiman yacare), the
common caiman (Caiman crocodilus crocodilus), and the brown caiman
(Caiman crocodilus fuscus) are allowed by this rule? The import/export/
re-export of, or the interstate/foreign commerce in caiman skins, other
parts, or products may be allowed without a threatened species permit
(issued according to 50 CFR 17.32) only when the provisions in 50 CFR
parts 13, 14, and 23, and the requirements of the applicable paragraphs
below have been met.
(i) Import, export, or re-export. The import, export, or re-export
into/from the United States of caiman skins, parts, or products may be
allowed provided the following conditions are met:
(A) Each caiman skin imported into or exported or re-exported from
the United States after the effective date of the final rule must bear
either:
(1) An intact, uncut tag from the country of origin meeting all the
requirements of the CITES Universal Tagging System Resolution, or
(2) An intact, uncut replacement tag from the country of re-export
where the original tags were lost or removed from raw, tanned, and/or
processed skins. These replacement tags must meet all the requirements
of the CITES Universal Tagging System Resolution, except showing the
country of re-export instead of the country of origin, provided those
re-exporting countries
[[Page 129]]
have implemented an administrative system for the effective matching of
imports and re-exports consistent with the CITES Universal Tagging
System Resolution. If a shipment contains more than 25 percent
replacement tags, the Management Authority of the re-exporting country
must consult with the U.S. Office of Management Authority before
clearance of the shipment. Such shipments may be seized if we determine
that the requirements of the CITES Universal Tagging System Resolution
have not been met.
(B) In accordance with the CITES Universal Tagging System
Resolution, all caiman parts must be placed in a transparent, sealed
container. Each container imported, exported, or re-exported into/from
the United States after the effective date of the rule:
(1) Must have a parts tag attached in such a way that opening of the
container will prevent later reuse of such tag; and
(2) The parts tag must contain a description of the contents plus
total weight of the container and its contents.
(C) The information on the export permit or re-export certificate
must be the same as that on the skin and part tags, carry the same
permit or certificate number, and be validated by the government
authority designated as the CITES document-issuing authority.
(D) The CITES permit or certificate accompanying shipments of caiman
skins, parts, or products must contain the following information:
(1) The country of origin, its export permit number, and date of
issuance;
(2) If re-export, the country of re-export, its certificate number,
and date of issuance; and
(3) If applicable, the country of previous re-export, its
certificate number, and date of issuance.
(E) The country of origin and any intermediary country(s) must be
effectively implementing the CITES Universal Tagging System Resolution.
If we receive persuasive information from the CITES Secretariat or other
reliable sources that a specific country is not effectively implementing
the CITES Universal Tagging System Resolution, we will prohibit or
restrict imports from such country(s) as appropriate for the
conservation of the species.
(F) At the time of import, for each shipment covered by this
exception, the country of origin and each country of re-export involved
in the trade of a particular shipment must not be subject to a Schedule
III Notice of Information (see paragraph (g)(4) of this section)
prohibiting or restricting imports of all wildlife or any members of the
Order Crocodylia. A listing of all countries subject to such a Schedule
III Notice of Information is available by writing to: Office of
Management Authority, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Mail Stop ARLSQ-
700, Washington, DC 20240, or via e-mail at r9oma@fws.gov.
(ii) Shipment of skulls, processed meat, and scientific specimens.
The import, export, and re-export into/from the United States of skulls,
processed meat, and scientific specimens of caiman is allowed without
permits otherwise required by 50 CFR part 17, provided the requirements
of part 23 are met.
(iii) Noncommercial accompanying baggage. The conditions described
in paragraphs (g)(3)(i) and (ii) for skins, skulls, meat, other parts,
and products made of specimens of caiman do not apply to non-commercial
personal effects in accompanying baggage or household effects.
(iv) Eggs and live specimens. This special rule does not apply to
live specimens or eggs of caiman. Import of such specimens requires an
import permit as described in 50 CFR 17.32.
(4) When and how will we inform you of additional restrictions in
trade of yacare caiman (Caiman yacare), the common caiman (Caiman
crocodilus crocodilus), and the brown caiman (Caiman crocodilus fuscus)?
Except in rare cases involving extenuating circumstances that do not
adversely affect the conservation of the species, the Service will issue
a Notice of Information announcing additional CITES restrictions in
trade in specimens of caiman dealt with in this paragraph (g) if any of
the following criteria are met:
(i) The country is listed in a Notification to the Parties by the
CITES Secretariat as not having designated Management and Scientific
Authorities
[[Page 130]]
that issue CITES documents or their equivalent.
(ii) The country is identified in any action adopted by the
Conference of the Parties to the Convention, the Convention's Standing
Committee, or in a Notification issued by the CITES Secretariat, whereby
Parties are asked not to accept shipments of specimens of any CITES-
listed species from the country in question or of any crocodilian
species listed in the CITES appendices.
(iii) We determine, based on information from the CITES Secretariat
or other reliable sources, that the country is not effectively
implementing the CITES Universal Tagging System Resolution.
(5) What are the approved information collection requirements in
this rule? The Office of Management and Budget approved the information
collection requirements contained in this special rule under the
Paperwork Reduction Act and assigned clearance number 1018-0093 as part
of the permit requirements contained in Part 23 of Title 50. We may not
conduct or sponsor, and you are not required to respond to, a collection
of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number.
The collection of information under this rule is done to provide
information necessary to evaluate permit applications. We will use this
information to review permit applications and make decisions, according
to criteria established in various Federal wildlife conservation
statutes and regulations, on the issuance, suspension, revocation, or
denial of permits. You must respond to obtain or retain a permit. We
estimate the public reporting burden for these reporting requirements to
vary from 20 minutes to 2 hours per response, with an average of 1 hour
per response, including time for reviewing instructions, gathering and
maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the forms.
[42 FR 2076, Jan. 10, 1977, as amended at 43 FR 32809, July 28, 1978; 44
FR 59084, Oct. 12, 1979; 45 FR 17589, Mar. 19, 1980; 45 FR 78154, Nov.
25, 1980; 48 FR 46336, Oct. 12, 1983; 50 FR 25678, June 20, 1985; 50 FR
45409, Oct. 31, 1985; 52 FR 21063, June 4, 1987; 52 FR 42662, Nov. 6,
1987; 55 FR 12191, Apr. 2, 1990; 61 FR 32366, June 24, 1996; 62 FR
59622, Nov. 4, 1997; 65 FR 25879, May 4, 2000]
Sec. 17.43 Special rules--amphibians.
(a) San Marcos salamander (Eurycea nana). (1) All provisions of
Sec. 17.31 apply to this species, except that it may be taken in
accordance with applicable State law.
(2) Any violation of State law will also be a violation of the Act.
(b) Chiricahua leopard frog (Rana chiricahuensis).
(1) What activities are prohibited? Except as noted in paragraph
(b)(2) of this section, all prohibitions of Sec. 17.31 will apply to
the Chiricahua leopard frog.
(2) What activities are allowed on private, State, or Tribal land?
Incidental take of the Chiricahua leopard frog will not be considered a
violation of section 9 of the Act, if the take results from livestock
use at or maintenance activities of livestock tanks located on private,
State, or Tribal lands. A livestock tank is defined as an existing or
future impoundment in an ephemeral drainage or upland site constructed
primarily as a watering site for livestock.
(c) California tiger salamander (Ambystoma californiense).
(1) Which populations of the California tiger salamander are covered
by this special rule? This rule covers the California tiger salamander
(Ambystoma californiense) rangewide.
(2) What activities are prohibited? Except as noted in paragraph
(c)(3) of this section, all prohibitions of Sec. 17.31 will apply to
the California tiger salamander.
(3) What activities are allowed on private or Tribal land?
Incidental take of the California tiger salamander will not be a
violation of section 9 of the Act, if the incidental take results from
routine ranching activities located on private or Tribal lands. Routine
ranching activities include, but are not limited to, the following:
(i) Livestock grazing according to normally acceptable and
established levels of intensity in terms of the number of head of
livestock per acre of rangeland;
(ii) Control of ground-burrowing rodents using poisonous grain
according to the labeled directions and local, State, and Federal
regulations and guidelines (The use of toxic or suffocating gases is not
exempt from the
[[Page 131]]
prohibitions due to their nontarget-specific mode of action.);
(iii) Control and management of burrow complexes using discing and
grading to destroy burrows and fill openings;
(iv) Routine management and maintenance of stock ponds and berms to
maintain livestock water supplies (This exemption does not include the
intentional introduction of species into a stock pond that may prey on
California tiger salamander adults, larvae, or eggs.);
(v) Routine maintenance or construction of fences for grazing
management;
(vi) Planting, harvest, or rotation of unirrigated forage crops as
part of a rangeland livestock operation;
(vii) Maintenance and construction of livestock management
facilities such as corrals, sheds, and other ranch outbuildings;
(viii) Repair and maintenance of unimproved ranch roads (This
exemption does not include improvement, upgrade, or construction of new
roads.);
(ix) Discing of fencelines or perimeter areas for fire prevention
control;
(x) Placement of mineral supplements; and
(xi) Control and management of noxious weeds.
[40 FR 44415, Sept. 26, 1975, as amended at 45 FR 47363, July 14, 1980;
67 FR 40811, June 13, 2002; 69 FR 47248, Aug. 4, 2004]
Sec. 17.44 Special rules--fishes.
(a) Lahontan cutthroat trout, Paiute cutthroat trout, and Arizona
trout (Salmo clarki henshawi, Salmo clarki seleniris, and Salmo apache).
(1) All the provisions of Sec. 17.31 apply to these species, except
that they may be taken in accordance with applicable State law.
(2) Violation of State law will also be a violation of the Act.
(b) Bayou darter (Etheostoma rubrum). (1) All the provisions of
Sec. 17.31 apply to this species, except that they may be taken in
accordance with applicable State law.
(2) Any violation of State law will also be a violation of the Act.
(c) Slender chub (Hybopsis cahni), spotfin chub (Erimonax monachus),
slackwater darter (Etheostoma boschungi), and yellowfin madtom (Noturus
flavipinnis). (1) All the provisions of Sec. 17.31 apply to these
species, except that they may be taken in accordance with applicable
State law.
(2) Any violation of State law will also be a violation of the Act.
(d) Leopard darter (Percina pantherina). (1) All provisions of Sec.
17.31 apply to this species, except that it may be taken in accordance
with applicable State law.
(2) Any violation of State law will also be a violation of the Act.
(e) Little Kern golden trout (Salmo aguabonita whitei). (1) All
provisions of Sec. 17.31 apply to this species, except that it may be
taken in accordance with applicable State law.
(2) Any violation of State law will also be a violation of the Act.
(f) Greenback cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki stomias). (1) All
provisions of Sec. 17.31 apply to this species, except that it may be
taken in accordance with applicable State law.
(2) Any violation of State law will also be a violation of the Act.
(g) Chihuahua chub, Gila nigrescens. (1) All provisions of Sec.
17.31 apply to this species, except that it may be taken in accordance
with applicable State law.
(2) Any violation of State law will also be a violation of the
Endangered Species Act.
(h) Yaqui catfish (Ictalurus pricei) and beautiful shiner (Notropis
formosus). (1) All provisions of Sec. 17.31 apply to these species,
except that they may be taken for educational, scientific, or
conservation purposes in accordance with applicable Arizona State laws
and regulations.
(2) Any violation of State law will also be a violation of the
Endangered Species Act.
(i) Big Spring spinedace, Lepidomeda mollispinis pratensis. (1) All
the provisions of Sec. 17.31 apply to this species, except that it may
be taken in accordance with applicable State fish and wildlife
conservation laws and regulations in the following instances:
educational purposes, scientific purposes, the enhancement of
propagation or survival of the species, zoological exhibition, and other
conservation purposes consistent with the Act.
(2) Any violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation
laws or regulations with respect to this species
[[Page 132]]
will also be a violation of the Endangered Species Act.
(j) Hutton tui chub (Gila bicolor subspecies) and Foskett speckled
dace (Rhinichthys osculus subspecies). (1) No person shall take these
species, except in accordance with applicable State fish and wildlife
conservation laws and regulations in the following instances: for
educational purposes, scientific purposes, the enhancement of
propagation or survival of the species, zoological exhibition, and other
conservation purposes consistent with the Act.
(2) Any violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation
laws or regulations with respect to the taking of these species will
also be a violation of the Endangered Species Act.
(3) No person shall possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export, by any means whatsoever, any such species taken in
violation of these regulations or in violation of applicable State fish
and wildlife conservation laws or regulations.
(4) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit
another to commit, or cause to be committed, any offense defined in
paragraphs (j) (1) through (3) of this section.
(k) Niangua Darter, Etheostoma nianguae. (1) No person shall take
the species, except in accordance with applicable State fish and
wildlife conservation laws and regulations in the following instances:
educational purposes, scientific purposes, the enhancement of
propagation or survival of the species, zoological exhibition, and other
conservation purposes consistent with the Act.
(2) Any violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation
laws or regulations with respect to the taking of this species will also
be a violation of the Endangered Species Act.
(3) No person shall possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export, by any means whatsoever, any such species taken in
violation of these regulations or in violation of applicable State fish
and wildlife conservation laws or regulations.
(4) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit
another to commit, or cause to be committed, any offense defined in
paragraphs (k) (1) through (3) of this section.
(l) Warner sucker (Catostomus warnerensis). (1) No person shall take
the species, except in accordance with applicable State fish and
wildlife conservation laws and regulations in the following instances:
(i) For educational purposes, scientific purposes, the enhancement
of propagation or survival of the species, zoological exhibition, and
other conservation purposes consistent with the Act;
(ii) Incidental to State-permitted recreational fishing activities,
provided that the individual fish taken is immediately returned to its
habitat.
(2) Any violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation
laws or regulations with respect to the taking of this species will also
be a violation of the Endangered Species Act.
(3) No person shall possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export, by any means whatsoever, any such species taken in
violation of these regulations or in violation of applicable State fish
and wildlife laws or regulations.
(4) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit
another to commit, or cause to be committed, any offense defined in
paragraphs (l) (1) through (3) of this section.
(m) Desert Dace (Eremichthys acros). (1) No person shall take the
species, except in accordance with applicable State fish and wildlife
conservation laws and regulations in the following instances: For
educational purposes, scientific purposes, the enhancement of
propagation or survival of the species, zoological exhibition, and other
conservation purposes consistent with the Act.
(2) Any violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation
laws or regulations with respect to the taking of this species will also
be a violation of the Endangered Species Act.
(3) No person shall possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export, by any means whatsoever, any such species taken in
violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation laws or
regulations.
(4) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit
another to commit, or cause to be committed, any
[[Page 133]]
offense defined in paragraphs (m) (1) through (3) of this section.
(n) Railroad Valley springfish (Crenichthys nevadae). (1) No person
shall take the species, except in accordance with applicable State fish
and wildlife conservation laws and regulations in the following
instances: for educational purposes, scientific purposes, the
enhancement of propagation or survival of the species, zoological
exhibition, and other conservation purposes consistent with the Act.
(2) Any violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation
laws or regulations with respect to the taking of this species will also
be a violation of the Endangered Species Act.
(3) No person shall possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export, by any means whatsoever, any such species taken in
violation of these regulations or in violation of applicable State fish
and wildlife conservation laws or regulations.
(4) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit
another to commit, or cause to be committed, any offense defined in
paragraphs (n) (1) through (3) of this section.
(o) Sonora chub, Gila ditaenia. (1) No person shall take the
species, except in accordance with applicable State fish and wildlife
conservation laws and regulations in the following instances:
(i) For educational purposes, scientific purposes, the enhancement
of propagation or survival of the species, zoological exhibition, and
other conservation purposes consistent with the Act; or,
(ii) Incidental to State-permitted recreational fishing activities,
provided that the individual fish taken is immediately returned to its
habitat.
(2) Any violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation
laws or regulations with respect to the taking of this species will also
be a violation of the Endangered Species Act.
(3) No person shall possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export, by any means whatsoever, any such species taken in
violation of these regulations or in violation of applicable State fish
and wildlife conservation laws or regulations.
(4) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit
another to commit, or cause to be committed, any offense defined in
paragraphs (o) (1) through (3) of this section.
(p) Spikedace, Meda fulgida. (1) No person shall take the species,
except in accordance with applicable State fish and wildlife
conservation laws and regulations in the following instances:
(i) For educational purposes, scientific purposes, the enhancement
of propagation or survival of the species, zoological exhibition, and
other conservation purposes consistent with the Act; or,
(ii) Incidental to State permitted recreational fishing activities,
provided that the individual fish taken is immediately returned to its
habitat.
(2) Any violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation
laws or regulations with respect to taking of this species is also a
violation of the Endangered Species Act.
(3) No person shall possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export, by any means whatsoever any such species taken in
violation of these regulations or in violation of applicable State fish
and wildlife conservation laws or regulations.
(4) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit
another to commit, or cause to be committed, any offense defined in
paragraphs (p) (1) through (3) of this section.
(q) Loach minnow, Rhinicthys (=Tiaroga) cobitis (1) No person shall
take the species, except in accordance with applicable State fish and
wildlife conservation laws and regulations in the following instances:
(i) For educational purposes, scientific purposes, the enhancement of
propagation or survival of the species, zoological exhibition, and other
conservation purposes consistent with the Act or, (ii) incidental to
State permitted recreational fishing activities, provided that the
individual fish taken is immediately returned to its habitat.
(2) Any violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation
laws or regulations with respect to the taking of this species is also a
violation of the Endangered Species Act.
(3) No person shall possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export, by any means whatsoever any such species taken in
violation of these
[[Page 134]]
regulations or in violation of applicable State fish and wildlife
conservation laws or regulations.
(4) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit
another to commit, or cause to be committed, any offense defined in
paragraphs (q) (1) through (3) of this paragraph.
(r) Pecos bluntnose shiner, Notropis simus pecosensis (1) No person
shall take the species, except in accordance with applicable State fish
and wildlife conservation laws and regulations in the following
instances:
(i) For educational purposes, scientific purposes, the enhancement
of propagation or survival of the species, zoological exhibition, and
other conservation purposes consistent with the Act; or,
(ii) Incidental to State permitted recreational fishing activities,
provided that the individual fish taken is immediately returned to its
habitat.
(2) Any violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation
laws or regulations with respect to taking of this species will also be
a violation of the Endangered Species Act.
(3) No person shall possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export, by any means whatsoever any such species taken in
violation of these regulations or in violation of applicable State fish
and wildlife conservation laws or regulations.
(4) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit
another to commit, or cause to be committed, any offense defined in
paragraphs (r) (1) through (3) of this section.
(s) Waccamaw Silverside (Menidia extensa). (1) No person shall take
the species, except in accordance with applicable State fish and
wildlife conservation laws and regulations.
(2) Any violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation
laws or regulations with respect to the taking of this species will also
be a violation of the Endangered Species Act.
(3) No person shall possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export, by any means whatsoever, any such species taken in
violation of these regulations or in violation of applicable State fish
and wildlife conservation laws or regulations.
(4) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit
another to commit, or cause to be committed, any offense defined in
paragraphs (s) (1) through (3) of this section.
(t) Little Colorado spinedace (Lepidomeda vittata). (1) No person
shall take this species, except in accordance with applicable State Fish
and Wildlife conservation laws and regulations in the following
instances: for educational purposes, scientific purposes, the
enhancement of propagation or survival of the species, zoological
exhibition, and other conservation purposes consistent with the Act.
(2) Any violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation
laws or regulations with respect to the taking of this species is also a
violation of the Endangered Species Act.
(3) No person shall possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export, by any means whatsoever, any such species taken in
violation of these regulations or in violation of applicable State fish
and wildlife conservation laws or regulations.
(4) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit
another to commit, or cause to be committed, any offense defined in
paragraphs (t) (1) through (3) of this section.
(u) Pygmy sculpin (Cottus pygmaeus). The City of Anniston Water
Works and Sewer Board will continue to use Coldwater Spring as a
municipal water supply. Pumpage may remove all spring flow in excess of
3 cubic feet per second (1,938,000 gallons per day).
(v) Gulf sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrhynchus desotoi). (1) No person
shall take this species, except in accordance with applicable State fish
and wildlife conservation laws and regulations for educational purposes,
scientific purposes, the enhancement of propagation or survival of the
species, zoological exhibition, or other conservation purposes
consistent with the Act.
(2) Any violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation
laws or regulations with respect to taking of this species is also a
violation of the Endangered Species Act.
(3) No person shall possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export, by any means whatever, any of
[[Page 135]]
this species taken in violation of applicable State fish and wildlife
conservation laws or regulations.
(4) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit
another to commit, or cause to be committed, any offense defined in
paragraphs (v)(1) through (3) of this section.
(5) Taking of this species for purposes other than those described
in paragraph (v)(1) of this section, including taking incidental to
otherwise lawful activities, is prohibited except when permitted under
50 CFR 17.32.
(w) What species are covered by this special rule? Bull trout
(Salvelinus confluentus), wherever found in the coterminous lower 48
States, except in the Jarbidge River Basin in Nevada and Idaho (see 50
CFR 17.44(x)).
(1) What activities do we prohibit? Except as noted in paragraph
(w)(2) of this section, all prohibitions of 50 CFR 17.31 and exemptions
of 50 CFR 17.32 shall apply to the bull trout in the coterminous United
States as defined in paragraph (w) of this section.
(i) No person may possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export, by any means whatsoever, any such species taken in
violation of this section or in violation of applicable State, National
Park Service, and Native American Tribal fish and conservation laws and
regulations.
(ii) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit
another to commit, or cause to be committed, any offense listed in this
special rule.
(2) What activities do we allow? In the following instances you may
take this species in accordance with applicable State, National Park
Service, and Native American Tribal fish and wildlife conservation laws
and regulations, as constituted in all respects relevant to protection
of bull trout in effect on November 1, 1999:
(i) Educational purposes, scientific purposes, the enhancement of
propagation or survival of the species, zoological exhibition, and other
conservation purposes consistent with the Act; or
(ii) Fishing activities authorized under State, National Park
Service, or Native American Tribal laws and regulations;
(3) How does this rule relate to State protective regulations? Any
violation of applicable State, National Park Service, or Native American
Tribal fish and wildlife conservation laws or regulations with respect
to the taking of this species is also a violation of the Endangered
Species Act.
(x) Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), Jarbidge River population
segment.
(1) Prohibitions. Except as noted in paragraph (x)(2) of this
section, all prohibitions of 50 CFR 17.31 and exemptions of 50 CFR 17.32
apply to the bull trout in the Jarbidge River population segment within
the United States.
(2) Exceptions. No person may take this species, except in the
following instances in accordance with applicable State fish and
wildlife conservation laws and regulations relevant to protection of
bull trout in effect on April 8, 1999.
(i) For educational purposes, scientific purposes, the enhancement
of propagation or survival of the species, zoological exhibition, and
other conservation purposes consistent with the Act;
(ii) Incidental to State-permitted recreational fishing activities,
provided that any bull trout caught are immediately returned to the
stream.
(iii) The exceptions in paragraphs (x)(2) (i) and (ii) of this
section will be in effect until April 9, 2001. At that time, all take
prohibitions of the Act will be reinstated for the Jarbidge River
population segment unless exceptions to take prohibitions are otherwise
provided through a subsequent special rule.
(3) Any violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation
laws or regulations with respect to the taking of this species is also a
violation of the Endangered Species Act.
(4) No person may possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export, any means whatsoever, any such species taken in
violation of this section or in violation of applicable State fish and
conservation laws and regulations.
(5) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit
another to commit, or cause to be committed, any offense defined in
paragraphs (x)(2) through (4) of this section.
[[Page 136]]
(y) Beluga sturgeon. This paragraph applies to the threatened beluga
sturgeon (Huso huso).
(1) How are various terms defined in this special rule? In addition
to the definitions specified in Sec. 10.12 of subchapter B of this
chapter, we define certain terms that specifically apply to beluga
sturgeon trade and this special rule as follows:
Aquacultured beluga sturgeon products. Eggs, larvae, fingerlings, or
other products derived from Huso huso captive-bred or grown in captivity
for commercial purposes starting at least at the F1 generation in
captivity (i.e., captive-bred for at least one generation).
Beluga caviar. Processed unfertilized eggs from female Huso huso
intended for human consumption, including products containing such eggs
(e.g., cosmetics).
Beluga meat. Excised muscle tissue of Huso huso destined for human
consumption.
Black Sea. The contiguous waters of the Black Sea and the Sea of
Azov.
CITES. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
of Wild Fauna and Flora.
Export. The transport of a beluga sturgeon specimen out of its
country of origin.
Hatchery-origin beluga sturgeon. Specimens of Huso huso captive-bred
solely in the littoral states, primarily for reintroduction and stock
enhancement purposes. Such specimens can occur in the natural marine
environment of the littoral states.
Live or living beluga sturgeon. Any living specimen of Huso huso,
including viable unfertilized or fertilized eggs, larvae, fingerlings,
juveniles, and adults.
Littoral states. Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Islamic Republic of
Iran, Kazakhstan, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia and Montenegro,
Turkey, Turkmenistan, and Ukraine.
Re-export. Export of beluga sturgeon specimens that were previously
imported.
Wild beluga sturgeon. Specimens of Huso huso born and reared in the
natural marine environment within the current or former geographic range
of the species.
(2) What activities involving beluga sturgeon are affected by this
rule? (i) International trade in beluga sturgeon. Except as provided in
paragraphs (y)(3) and (y)(5) of this section, all prohibitions and
provisions of Sec. Sec. 17.31(a) and 17.32 apply to the international
trade in beluga sturgeon, including its parts and derivatives. Live
beluga sturgeon remain subject to all the prohibitions and provisions of
Sec. Sec. 17.31(a) and 17.32.
(ii) Trade without CITES documents. Except as provided in paragraph
(y)(3) of this section, you may not import, export, or re-export, or
present for export or re-export, beluga sturgeon or beluga sturgeon
products without valid CITES permits and other permits and licenses
issued under parts 13, 17, and 23 of this chapter.
(iii) Commercial activity. Except as provided in paragraphs (y)(3)
and (5) of this section and Sec. 17.32, you may not sell or offer for
sale, deliver, receive, carry, transport, or ship in interstate or
foreign commerce in the course of a commercial activity any beluga
sturgeon or beluga sturgeon products.
(iv) It is unlawful for any person subject to the jurisdiction of
the United States to commit, attempt to commit, solicit to commit, or
cause to be committed any acts described in paragraphs (y)(2)(ii) and
(iii) of this section.
(3) What activities are exempted from threatened species permits by
this rule? (i) Import, export or re-export, and interstate and foreign
commerce involving certain caviar and meat obtained from beluga
sturgeon. You may import, export or re-export, or conduct interstate or
foreign commerce in beluga sturgeon caviar and meat without a threatened
species permit issued according to Sec. 17.32 only if the caviar and
meat are derived from wild or hatchery-origin beluga sturgeon that were
caught and processed in the littoral states, or the caviar and meat are
exempt from permits because they originate from qualifying aquaculture
facilities outside of littoral states (see paragraph (y)(5) of this
section). Also, the provisions in parts 13, 14, and 23 of this chapter
and the following requirements must be met:
(A) Except for caviar contained in cosmetics, any beluga caviar must
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comply with all CITES labeling requirements, as defined in relevant
Resolutions or Decisions of the Conference of the Parties, including
beluga caviar in interstate commerce in the United States. All
individuals or businesses in the United States wishing to engage in
domestic interstate commerce of beluga sturgeon caviar must follow the
CITES caviar-labeling requirements.
(B) The shipment must be accompanied by a valid CITES permit or
certificate upon import, export, or re-export.
(C) For each shipment covered by this exemption, the country of
origin and each country of re-export, and the country of import involved
in the trade of a particular shipment, must have designated both a CITES
Management Authority and Scientific Authority, and have not been
identified by the CITES Conference of the Parties, the CITES Standing
Committee, or in a Notification from the CITES Secretariat as a country
from which Parties should not accept permits for beluga sturgeon or all
CITES-listed species in general.
(D) The littoral state from which the beluga sturgeon caviar or meat
originated has complied with all of the requirements shown in paragraph
(y)(4) of this section, and none of the exporting, importing, or re-
exporting countries involved in the commercial activity has been subject
to an administrative trade restriction or suspension as outlined in
paragraphs (y)(6) and (7) of this section.
(E) Any relevant aquaculture facility located outside of a littoral
state has complied with all of the requirements shown in paragraph
(y)(5) of this section.
(ii) Import and re-export of non-commercial personal or household
effects. You may import, export or re-export, or conduct interstate or
foreign commerce in beluga sturgeon personal or household effects
without a threatened species permit issued according to Sec. 17.32.
Also, for CITES permits, Article VII.3. of CITES recognizes a limited
exemption for the international movement of personal and household
effects, including specimens of beluga sturgeon.
(A) Stricter national measures. The exemption for personal and
household effects does not apply if a country prohibits or restricts the
import, export, or re-export of the item.
(1) You or your shipment must be accompanied by any document
required by a country under its stricter national measures.
(2) In the United States, you must obtain any permission needed
under other regulations in this subchapter.
(B) Required CITES documents. You must obtain a CITES document for
personal or household effects and meet the requirements of this part if
one of the following applies:
(1) The Management Authority of the importing, exporting, or re-
exporting country requires a CITES document.
(2) You or your shipment does not meet all of the conditions for an
exemption as provided in paragraphs (y)(3)(ii)(C) and (D) of this
section.
(3) The personal or household effect exceeds 250 grams of beluga
caviar. To import, export, or re-export more than 250 grams, you must
have a valid CITES document for the entire quantity.
(C) Personal effects. You do not need a CITES document to import,
export, or re-export any part, product, derivative, or manufactured
article of a legally acquired beluga sturgeon specimen to or from the
United States if all of the following conditions are met:
(1) No living beluga sturgeon is included.
(2) You personally own and possess the item for non-commercial
purposes, including any item intended as a personal gift.
(3) The item and quantity of items are reasonably necessary or
appropriate for the nature of your trip or stay.
(4) You are either wearing the item as clothing or an accessory or
taking it as part of your personal baggage, which is being carried by
you or checked as baggage on the same plane, boat, car, or train as you.
(5) The item was not mailed or shipped separately.
(D) Household effects. You do not need a CITES document to import,
export,
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or re-export any part, product, derivative, or manufactured article of a
legally acquired beluga sturgeon specimen that is part of a shipment of
your household effects when moving your residence to or from the United
States, if all of the following conditions are met:
(1) No living beluga sturgeon is included.
(2) You personally own the item and are moving it for non-commercial
purposes.
(3) The item and quantity of items are reasonably necessary or
appropriate for household use.
(4) You import, export, or re-export your household effects within 1
year of changing your residence from one country to another.
(5) The shipment, or shipments if you cannot move all of your
household effects at one time, contains only items purchased, inherited,
or otherwise acquired before you moved your residence.
(E) Trade restrictions. Regardless of the provisions above for
personal and household effects, any trade suspension or trade
restriction administratively imposed by the Service under paragraphs
(y)(6) or (7) of this section could also apply to personal and household
effects of beluga caviar.
(4) What must beluga sturgeon littoral states do to be authorized
under the special rule to export to the United States? The following
requirements apply to the littoral states wishing to export beluga
caviar or beluga meat to the United States without the need for a
threatened species permit issued under Sec. 17.32. These requirements
apply to all shipments of beluga caviar and beluga meat that originate
in the littoral states, even if the shipments are re-exported to the
United States via an intermediary country. (See paragraph (y)(7) of this
section for more information on the Service's biennial reviews under the
special rule.)
(i) Basin-wide beluga sturgeon management plans. By September 6,
2005, each littoral state wishing to export beluga caviar or beluga meat
to the United States without the need for a threatened species permit
issued under Sec. 17.32 must submit to the Service's Division of
Scientific Authority a copy of a cooperative management plan for its
respective basin (i.e., Black Sea or Caspian Sea) that addresses Huso
huso conservation. Each of these two basin-wide management plans must be
agreed to by all of the littoral states (not just exporting nations) in
the Black Sea or the Caspian Sea, as appropriate. Upon receipt, the
Division of Scientific Authority will review these basin-wide management
plans within 90 days for completeness and clarity. If any elements of
the management plans are missing or unclear, we will ask the appropriate
littoral states to provide additional information within 60 days of the
date we contact them. If the littoral states fail to respond or fail to
submit basin-wide management plans by the specified deadline, or if we
are unable to confirm that all littoral states are signatories to those
plans, we will immediately suspend trade with all littoral states in the
given basin (Caspian Sea or Black Sea) until we are satisfied that such
management plans exist. Submission of documents in English may help
expedite the Service's review. These cooperative management plans must
contain the following elements:
(A) A clear statement of the recovery and management objectives of
the plan, including a specification of the stock(s) concerned, a
definition of what constitutes over-fishing for that stock, and a
rebuilding objective and schedule for that stock;
(B) A statement of standard regulations and habitat improvement
strategies (e.g., size limits, target harvest rates, quotas, seasons,
fishing gear, effort caps, fish passage improvement, water quality
controls) to be utilized by the nations involved;
(C) A complete statement of the specific regulatory, monitoring, and
research requirements that each cooperating nation must implement to be
in compliance with the management plan;
(D) A complete description of how stock survey data and fisheries
data are used to establish annual catch and export quotas, including a
full explanation of any models used and the assumptions underlying those
models;
(E) Procedures under which the nations may implement and enforce
alternative management measures that
[[Page 139]]
achieve the same conservation benefits for beluga sturgeon as the
standards mentioned in paragraph (y)(4)(i)(B) of this section; and
(F) A complete schedule by which nations must take particular
actions to be in compliance with the plan.
(ii) National regulations. By September 6, 2005, each littoral state
wishing to export beluga caviar or beluga meat to the United States
under this special rule must provide the Service's Division of
Scientific Authority with copies of national legislation and regulations
that implement the basin-wide cooperative management plan described in
paragraph (y)(4)(i) of this section, including regulations pertaining to
the harvest, trade, aquaculture, restocking, and processing of beluga
sturgeon. Upon receipt, the Division of Scientific Authority will review
these national laws and regulations within 90 days for completeness and
clarity. If any elements of the national legislation or national fishery
regulations are missing or unclear, we will ask the appropriate littoral
states to provide additional information within 60 days of the date we
contact them. If the littoral states fail to respond or fail to submit
copies of national laws and regulations by the specified deadline, we
will immediately suspend trade with the given littoral states until we
are satisfied that such laws and regulations are in effect. Submission
of documents in English may help expedite the Service's review.
(iii) Caviar labeling. All caviar shipments imported into the United
States must follow the CITES caviar-labeling requirements as agreed to
in the relevant Resolutions and Decisions of the CITES Parties. Current
labeling requirements can be obtained by contacting the Division of
Management Authority, Branch of Permits'International, U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, 4401 North Fairfax Drive, Room 700, Arlington, VA
22203.
(iv) CITES compliance. Except as provided in paragraph (y)(3)(ii) of
this section, all shipments of beluga sturgeon specimens, including
those exempted from threatened species permits under this special rule,
will require accompanying valid CITES permits and certificates upon
import, export, or re-export.
(v) Initial reporting period. Until September 6, 2005, no threatened
species permits will be required for the import, export, re-export, or
interstate or foreign commerce of beluga sturgeon caviar and meat that
originated in the littoral states, in order to provide the littoral
states time to submit the required documentation. After this 6-month
period, the exemption from threatened species permits will continue only
while the Service reviews littoral state compliance with paragraphs
(y)(4)(i) through (iv) of this section. If this review demonstrates that
the provisions of this special rule are not met, the Service will
announce and institute trade restrictions or suspensions in beluga
sturgeon caviar or meat with one or more littoral states as per
paragraph (y)(7) of this section.
(vi) Biennial reports. Littoral state governments wishing to export
specimens of beluga sturgeon caviar or meat to the United States under
this special rule must provide to the Service's Division of Scientific
Authority reports containing the most recent information available on
the status of the species, following the information guidelines
specified below. The Service must receive the first report no later than
December 1, 2005, and every 2 years thereafter on the anniversary of
that date. Starting in December 2005, and thereafter on a biennial
basis, the Service will review the national reports within 90 days of
receiving them and any other pertinent information on wild beluga
sturgeon conservation. If any elements of the biennial reports are
missing or unclear, the Service will ask the appropriate littoral states
to provide additional information within 60 days of the date we contact
them. If the littoral states fail to respond or fail to submit biennial
reports by the specified deadline, we will immediately suspend trade
with the given littoral states (see paragraph (y)(7) of this section for
details on how such a suspension would be instituted and announced).
Submission of documents in English may help expedite the Service's
review. We propose to use these reviews to determine whether littoral
[[Page 140]]
state management programs are leading to recovery of wild beluga
sturgeon stocks. For each littoral state, the following information must
be provided in the biennial reports:
(A) A description of the specific fishery regulations that affect
the harvest of Huso huso in the respective littoral state, with any
changes from the previous report highlighted;
(B) A description of any revisions to the cooperative management
program mentioned in paragraph (y)(4)(i) of this section, including any
new models, assumptions, or equations used to set harvest and export
quotas;
(C) New information obtained in the last 2 years on beluga sturgeon
distribution, stock size, models used for quota-setting, spawning
activity, habitat use, hatchery programs and results, or other relevant
subjects;
(D) A summary of law enforcement activities undertaken in the last 2
years, and a description of any changes in programs to prevent poaching
and smuggling, including indicators of their effectiveness;
(E) A summary of the revenues generated by the commercial
exploitation of beluga sturgeon in the respective littoral state, and a
summary of any documented conservation benefits resulting from the
commercial harvest program in that country (e.g., revenues allocated to
hatchery and restocking programs or research programs); and
(F) Export data for the previous two calendar years.
(5) Can aquacultured beluga sturgeon products be exempt from
threatened species permits if the products originate outside the
littoral states? We will consider exemptions from threatened species
permits for beluga caviar and meat obtained from aquaculture facilities
outside the littoral states. These exemptions will be for individual
facilities, and would allow aquacultured beluga caviar and meat
originating from these facilities to be imported, exported, re-exported,
or traded in interstate and foreign commerce without threatened species
permits issued under Section 10 of the Act. Aquaculture facilities
within the United States could also be exempt from prohibitions against
take for purposes of harvesting caviar or meat (i.e., killing of beluga
sturgeon), or for conducting activities involving research to enhance
the survival or propagation of the species. Facilities outside the
littoral states wishing to obtain such exemptions must submit a written
request to the Division of Management Authority, Branch of Permits--
International, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 4401 N. Fairfax Drive,
Room 700, Arlington, VA 22203, and provide to the Service's Division of
Scientific Authority, in Room 750 at the same address, information that
shows, at a minimum, all of the following:
(i) The facility in question is using best management practices to
prevent the escape of beluga sturgeon and disease pathogens into local
ecosystems, as certified by the relevant regulatory agency. In the case
of the United States, the relevant regulatory authority will be the
state agency with jurisdiction over aquaculture. In the case of foreign
aquaculture facilities outside the littoral states, the relevant
regulatory agency will be the designated CITES Management Authority with
jurisdiction over sturgeon. Best management practices that affect the
applicant's facility must be part of the application and available for
Service review.
(ii) The facility in question has entered into a formal agreement
with one or more littoral states to study, protect, or otherwise enhance
the survival of wild beluga sturgeon. Copies of such agreements must be
provided.
(iii) The facility in question does not rely on wild beluga sturgeon
for broodstock. Proof of broodstock origin, including relevant CITES
permits that accompanied broodstock specimens upon import into the
United States, must be part of the application.
(iv) Exemptions granted under paragraph (y)(5) of this section shall
not apply to trade (import, export, re-export, or interstate and foreign
commerce) in live beluga sturgeon, and may be revoked at any time if the
Service determines that any of the criteria shown in paragraphs
(y)(5)(i) through (iii) of this section are not met by the facility.
Applicants will be required to submit biennial reports on their
compliance with paragraphs (y)(5)(i) through (iii) of this section,
starting on the second anniversary of
[[Page 141]]
any programmatic exemption granted to the applicants. These biennial
reports must show that exempted facilities have actively cooperated with
one or more littoral states in a meaningful way to support beluga
sturgeon conservation. Any beluga caviar originating from aquaculture
facilities outside the littoral states must comply with CITES caviar-
labeling requirements, even in interstate commerce within the United
States. We will publish an information notice if the Service grants a
programmatic exemption to any aquaculture facility outside the littoral
states, and announce such actions through our website and posting
notices at our wildlife ports of entry. We will follow the provisions of
paragraph (y)(7) of this section to announce restrictions or revocations
of such programmatic exemptions, based on our review of facilities'
biennial reports.
(6) How will the Service inform the public of CITES restrictions on
trade in beluga sturgeon? We will issue an information bulletin that
identifies a restriction or suspension of trade in specimens of beluga
sturgeon and post it on our websites (http://le.fws.gov and http://
international.fws.gov) and at our staffed wildlife ports of entry if any
criterion in paragraphs (y)(6)(i) or (ii) of this section is met:
(i) The country is lacking a designated Management Authority or
Scientific Authority for the issuance of valid CITES documents or their
equivalent for beluga sturgeon.
(ii) The country is identified in any action adopted by the CITES
Conference of the Parties, the CITES Standing Committee, or in a
Notification to the Parties issued by the CITES Secretariat as a country
from which Parties are asked not to accept shipments of specimens of
beluga sturgeon or all CITES-listed species.
Note to paragraph (y)(6):
A listing of all countries that have not designated either a
Management Authority or Scientific Authority, or that have been
identified as countries from which Parties should not accept permits, is
available by writing to: Division of Management Authority, U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, Room 700, Arlington, Virginia
22203.
(7) How will the Service set trade restrictions or prohibitions
under the special rule? The Service's Division of Scientific Authority
will conduct a biennial review of beluga sturgeon conservation based on
information in the cooperative basin-wide management plans, national
regulations and laws, and biennial reports (submitted as per paragraph
(y)(4) of this section, and, for aquaculture facilities, as per
paragraph (y)(5)(iv) of this section). We will combine that review with
a review of other relevant information (e.g., scientific literature, law
enforcement data, government-to-government consultations) to determine
whether littoral state management programs and aquaculture operations
are effectively achieving conservation benefits for beluga sturgeon.
Based on this information, or the failure to obtain it, the Service may
restrict or prohibit trade from a littoral state, a re-exporting
intermediary country, or an entire basin (i.e., the Caspian Sea or Black
Sea) or a specific aquaculture facility outside the littoral states if
we determine that the conservation or management status of beluga
sturgeon has been adversely affected and the continued recovery of
beluga sturgeon may be compromised. The decision to restrict or prohibit
trade in beluga sturgeon products on a national, basin, or region-wide
scale will depend on the scope of the problem observed, the magnitude of
the threat to wild beluga sturgeon, and whether remedial action is
necessary at a national, basin, or region-wide scale.
(i) Trade restrictions or suspensions will result basin-wide, for
specific littoral states, or for non-littoral state aquaculture
facilities under one or more of the following scenarios:
(A) Failure to submit any of the reports, legislation, and
management plans described in paragraph (y)(4) of this section, or
failure to respond to requests for additional information;
(B) A change in regional cooperative management that threatens the
recovery of wild beluga sturgeon;
(C) A change in littoral state laws or regulations that compromises
beluga sturgeon recovery or survival in the wild;
(D) Adoption of scientifically unsound hatchery practices or
restocking programs for beluga sturgeon;
[[Page 142]]
(E) A decline in wild Huso huso populations, as documented in
national reports outlined above or the scientific literature, that goes
unaddressed by regional or national management programs;
(F) Failure to address poaching or smuggling in beluga sturgeon,
their parts, or products in the littoral states or re-exporting
countries, as documented in national reports described above or other
law enforcement sources;
(G) Failure of the littoral states to address the loss of beluga
sturgeon habitat quality or quantity;
(H) Failure of the littoral states or re-exporting countries to
follow the caviar-labeling recommendations of the CITES Parties
(currently embodied in Resolution Conf. 12.7);
(I) Recommendations from the CITES Standing Committee to suspend
trade in beluga sturgeon from one or more countries; or
(J) An aquaculture facility outside the littoral states has been
issued a programmatic exemption from threatened species permits under
paragraph (y)(5) of this section, but is not abiding by the provisions
of paragraphs (y)(5)(i) through (iii) of this section, or, based on the
biennial reports required under paragraph (y)(5) of this section, has
not actively cooperated with one or more littoral states in a meaningful
way to support beluga sturgeon conservation.
(K) Any other natural or human-induced phenomenon that threatens the
survival or recovery of beluga sturgeon.
(ii) We will publish an information notice in the Federal Register,
as well as on our Web site and at our wildlife ports of entry, if the
Service's Division of Scientific Authority administratively suspends or
restricts trade in beluga sturgeon products after determining that wild
beluga sturgeon stock status worsens or threats to the species increase.
This information notice will provide:
(A) The problem(s) identified in the biennial reports or other
salient documents.
(B) The scope of the problem and the number of nations involved.
(C) The scope of the trade restriction or suspension we are
imposing, including products covered, duration of the restriction or
suspension, and criteria for lifting it and reinstating any exemption to
threatened species permits.
(D) How the public can provide input, make comments, and recommend
remedial action to withdraw the trade measures imposed.
[40 FR 44415, Sept. 26, 1975]
Editorial Note: For Federal Register citations to Sec. 17.44, see
the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding Aids
section of the printed volume and on GPO Access.
Sec. 17.45 Special rules--snails and clams. [Reserved]
Sec. 17.46 Special rules--crustaceans.
(a) Madison Cave isopod (Antrolana lira). (1) All provisions of
Sec. 17.31 (a) and (b) apply to this species except that it may be
taken for scientific purposes without Federal permits issued pursuant to
these regulations: Provided, that all other Federal, State, or local
laws, regulations, ordinances or other restrictions or limitations have
been complied with.
(b) [Reserved]
[47 FR 43701, Oct. 4, 1982]
Sec. 17.47 [Reserved]
Sec. 17.48 Special rules--common sponges and other forms. [Reserved]
Subpart E_Similarity of Appearance
Source: 42 FR 32377, June 24, 1977, unless otherwise noted.
Sec. 17.50 General.
(a) Whenever a species which is not Endangered or Threatened closely
resembles an Endangered or Threatened species, such species may be
treated as either Endangered or Threatened if the director makes such
determination in accordance with section 4(e) of the Act and the
criteria of paragraph (b) of this section. After the Director has made
such determination in accordance with the notification procedures
specified in the Act, such species shall appear in the list in Sec.
17.11 (Wildlife) or Sec. 17.12 (Plants) with the notation ``(S/A)''
[[Page 143]]
(similarity of appearance) in the ``Status'' column, following either a
letter ``E'' or a letter ``T'' to indicate whether the species is being
treated as Endangered or Threatened.
(b) In determining whether to treat a species as Endangered or
Threatened due to similarity of appearance, the Director shall consider
the criteria in section 4(e) of the Act, as indicated below:
(1) The degree of difficulty enforcement personnel would have in
distinguishing the species, at the point in question, from an Endangered
or Threatened species (including those cases where the criteria for
recognition of a species are based on geographical boundaries);
(2) The additional threat posed to the Endangered or Threatened
species by the loss of control occasioned because of the similarity of
appearance; and
(3) The probability that so designating a similar species will
substantially facilitate enforcement and further the purposes and policy
of the Act.
Example 1. The ABC sparrow is Endangered wildlife. The ABD sparrow
is a subspecies that is so similar to the ABC sparrow that when found
outside their normal habitat, the two cannot readily be distinguished by
law enforcement personnel. The ABD sparrow is listed in Sec. 17.11,
after following the proper procedures as follows:
Species and Range
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Portion of range
Common name Scientific name Population Known distribution where endangered or Status When Special
threatened listed rules
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ABC sparrow....................... ABCus................ NA................... North America........ Entire.............. E 7 NA
ABD sparrow....................... ABDus................ NA................... ......do............. NA.................. E(S/A) 7 NA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example 2. Suppose the ABC sparrow is listed as Endangered in only a
portion of its range. Within the meaning of the Act, the ABC sparrow as
defined by geographic boundaries is a species. The ABC sparrow which
occurs beyond those boundaries is a different species, even though it is
identical, except in location, to the listed species. If the criteria of
this section were met, the two species would be listed as follows:
Species and Range
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Portion of range
Common name Scientific name Population Known distribution where endangered or Status When Special
threatened listed rules
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ABC sparrow....................... ABCus................ Idaho................ Idaho................ Entire.............. E 7 NA
Do............................... ......do............. NA................... United States........ NA.................. E(S/A) 7 NA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example 3. The XY cactus has been determined to be an Endangered
species. The XZ cactus so closely resembles the XY cactus that
enforcement personnel cannot distinguish between the two. The Endangered
XY cactus could be illegally sold as the non-endangered XZ species, thus
posing an additional threat to the Endangered species. After following
the proper procedures, the XZ cactus would be placed on the list and
treated as though it was an Endangered species. This entry would appear
as follows:
Species and Range
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Portion of range
Common name Scientific name Population Known distribution where endangered or Status When Special
threatened listed rules
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
XYum.............................. XY cactus............ Arizona.............. Entire............... .................... E 7 NA
XZum.............................. ......do............. Arizona and Mexico... NA................... .................... E(S/A) 8 NA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 144]]
Sec. 17.51 Treatment as endangered or threatened.
(a) Any species listed in Sec. 17.11 or Sec. 17.12, pursuant to
Sec. 17.50, shall be treated as Endangered or Threatened, as indicated
in the ``Status'' column.
(b) All of the provisions of subparts C (Endangered Wildlife), D
(Threatened Wildlife), F (Endangered Plants) or G (Threatened Plants),
as appropriate, shall apply to any such species.
Sec. 17.52 Permits--similarity of appearance.
Upon receipt of a complete application and unless otherwise
indicated in a special rule, the Director may issue permits for any
activity otherwise prohibited with a species designated as Endangered or
Threatened due to its similarity of appearance. Such a permit may
authorize a single transaction, a series of transactions, or a number of
activities over a specified period of time.
(a) Application requirements. An application for a permit under this
section must be submitted to the Director by the person who wishes to
engage in the prohibited activity. The permit for activities involving
interstate commerce of plants must be obtained by the seller; in the
case of wildlife, the permit must be obtained by the buyer. The
application must be submitted on an official application form (Form 3-
200) provided by the Service, or must contain the general information
and certification required by Sec. 13.12(a) of this subchapter. It must
include, as an attachment, all of the following information: Documentary
evidence, sworn affidavits, or other information to show species
identification and the origin of the wildlife or plant in question. This
information may be in the form of hunting licenses, hide seals, official
stamps, export documents, bills of sales, certification, expert opinion,
or other appropriate information.
(b) Issuance criteria. Upon receiving an application completed in
accordance with paragraph (a) of this section, the Director will decide
whether or not a permit should be issued. In making his decision, the
Director shall consider, in addition to the general criteria, in Sec.
13.21(b) of this subchapter, the following factors:
(1) Whether the information submitted by the applicant appears
reliable;
(2) Whether the information submitted by the applicant adequately
identifies the wildlife or plant in question so as to distinguish it
from any Endangered or Threatened wildlife or plant.
(c) Permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set
forth in part 13 of this subchapter, every permit issued under this
section shall be subject to the following special conditions:
(1) If indicated in the permit, a special mark, to be specified in
the permit, must be applied to the wildlife or plant, and remain for the
time designated in the permit;
(2) A copy of the permit or an identification label, which includes
the scientific name and the permit number, must accompany the wildlife
or plant or its container during the course of any activity subject to
these regulations.
(d) Duration of permits. The duration of a permit issued under this
section shall be designated on the face of the permit.
Subpart F_Endangered Plants
Sec. 17.61 Prohibitions.
(a) Except as provided in a permit issued pursuant to Sec. 17.62 or
Sec. 17.63, it is unlawful for any person subject to the jurisdiction
of the United States to commit, to attempt to commit, to solicit another
to commit, or to cause to be committed, any of the acts described in
paragraphs (b) through (e) of this section in regard to any Endangered
plant.
(b) Import or export. It is unlawful to import or to export any
Endangered plant. Any shipment in transit through the United States is
an importation and an exportation, whether or not it has entered the
country for customs purposes.
(c) Remove and reduce to possession. (1) It is unlawful to remove
and reduce to possession any endangered plant from an area under Federal
jurisdiction.
(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (c)(1) of this section, any employee
or agent of the Service, any other Federal land
[[Page 145]]
management agency, or a State conservation agency, who is designated by
that agency for such purposes, may, when acting in the course of
official duties, remove and reduce to possession endangered plants from
areas under Federal jurisdiction without a permit if such action is
necessary to:
(i) Care for a damaged or diseased specimen;
(ii) Dispose of a dead specimen; or
(iii) Salvage a dead specimen which may be useful for scientific
study.
(3) Any removal and reduction to possession pursuant to paragraph
(c)(2) of this section must be reported in writing to the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, Division of Law Enforcement, P.O. Box 28006,
Washington, DC 20005, within 5 days. The specimen may only be retained,
disposed of, or salvaged in accordance with written directions from the
Service.
(4) Notwithstanding paragraph (c)(1) of this section, any qualified
employee or agent of a State conservation agency which is a party to a
Cooperative Agreement with the Service in accordance with section 6(c)
of the Act, who is designated by that agency for such purposes, may,
when acting in the course of official duties, remove and reduce to
possession from areas under Federal jurisdiction those endangered plants
which are covered by an approved cooperative agreement for conservation
programs in accordance with the Cooperative Agreement, provided that
such removal is not reasonably anticipated to result in:
(i) The death or permanent damage of the specimens;
(ii) The removal of the specimen from the State where the removal
occurred; or
(iii) The introduction of the specimen so removed, or of any
propagules derived from such a specimen, into an area beyond the
historical range of the species.
(d) Interstate or foreign commerce. It is unlawful to deliver,
receive, carry, transport, or ship in interstate or foreign commerce, by
any means whatsoever, and in the course of a commercial activity, an
endangered plant.
(e) Sale or offer for sale. (1) It is unlawful to sell or to offer
for sale in interstate or foreign commerce any endangered plant.
(2) An advertisement for the sale of any endangered plant which
carries a warning to the effect that no sale may be consummated until a
permit has been obtained from the Service, shall not be considered an
offer for sale within the meaning of this paragraph.
[44 FR 54060, Sept. 18, 1979, as amended at 50 FR 39690, Sept. 30, 1985]
Sec. 17.62 Permits for scientific purposes or for the enhancement of
propagation or survival.
Upon receipt of a complete application the Director may issue a
permit authorizing any activity otherwise prohibited by Sec. 17.61, in
accordance with the issuance criteria of this section, for scientific
purposes or for enhancing the propagation or survival of endangered
plants. (See Sec. 17.72 for permits for threatened plants.) Such a
permit may authorize a single transaction, a series of transactions, or
a number of activities over a specified period of time.
(a) Application requirements. A person wishing to get a permit for
an activity prohibited by Sec. 17.61 submits an application to conduct
activities under this paragraph. For interstate commerce activities the
seller gets the permit for plants coming from cultivated stock and the
buyer gets the permit if the plants are taken from the wild. The Service
provides application Form 3-200, or you may submit the general
information and certification required by Sec. 13.12(a) of this
subchapter. Application requirements differ for permits issued for
plants taken from the wild (excluding seeds), seeds and cultivated
plants, or herbarium specimens. You must attach the following
information and any other information requested by the Director.
(1) For activities involving plants obtained from the wild
(excluding seeds), provide the following information:
(i) The scientific names of the plants sought to be covered by the
permit;
(ii) The estimated number of specimens sought to be covered by the
permit;
(iii) The year, country, and approximate place where taking occurred
or will occur;
[[Page 146]]
(iv) If the activities would involve removal and reduction to
possession of a plant from an area under Federal jurisdiction, the year,
State, county, or any other description such as place name, township,
and range designation that will precisely place the location where the
proposed removal and reduction to possession will occur, the name of the
Federal entity having jurisdiction over the area, and the name, title,
address, and phone number of the person in charge of the area.
(v) The name and address of the institution or other facility where
the plant sought to be covered by the permit will be used or maintained;
(vi) A brief description of the applicant's expertise and facilities
as related to the proposed activity;
(vii) A statement of the applicant's willingness to participate in a
cooperative propagation program, and to maintain or contribute data
relating to such efforts; and
(viii) A statement of the reasons why the applicant is justified in
obtaining the permit, including:
(A) The activities sought to be authorized by the permit and the
relationship of such activities to scientific purposes or enhancing the
propagation or survival of the species; and
(B) The planned disposition of such plant upon termination of the
activities sought to be authorized.
(2) For activities involving seeds and cultivated plants, provide
the following information:
(i) The scientific names of the plants sought to be covered by the
permit;
(ii) A statement of the applicant's willingness to participate in a
cooperative propagation program, and to maintain or contribute data
relating to the success of such efforts;
(iii) A justification of the activities sought to be authorized by
the permit and the relationship of such activities to scientific
purposes or enhancing the propagation or survival of the species; and
(iv) If the activities would involve seeds obtained from the wild,
additional information to evaluate the effects of such taking upon the
reproductive potential of the species where the taking will occur.
(v) If the activities would involve removal and reduction to
possession of seeds from an area under Federal jurisdiction, the year,
State, county or any other description such as place name, township, and
range designation that will precisely place the location where the
proposed removal and reduction to possession will occur, the name of the
Federal entity having jurisdiction over the area and the name, title,
address, and phone number of the person in charge of the area.
(3) For importation or exportation involving the non-commercial
loan, exchange, or donation of herbarium or other preserved, dried, or
embedded museum specimens of any endangered species between scientists
or scientific institutions, provide the following information:
(i) The name and address of the institution or other facility where
the plants sought to be covered by the permit will be used or
maintained; and
(ii) A justification of the activities sought to be authorized by
the permit and the relationship of such activities to scientific
purposes or enhancing the propagation or survival of the species.
(4) When the activity applied for involves a species also regulated
by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild
Fauna and Flora, additional requirements of Sec. 23.15(c) of this
subchapter must be met. For your convenience, Sec. 23.15(c) is repeated
here.
Application requirements for permits or certificates to import,
export or re-export wildlife or plants listed in appendix I, II or III
that are not subject to the regulations in part 17 or part 18 of this
subchapter. Any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States
who wishes to get such a permit or certificate submits an application
under this section to the Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
(Attention: Office of Management Authority), 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, Room
700, Arlington, VA 22203. The Service provides Form 3-200 for the
application to which as much of the following information relating to
the purpose of the permit or certificate must be attached.
(1) The scientific and common names of the species (or taxa to the
rank listed in Appendix I, II, or III) sought to be covered by the
permit. the number of wildlife or plants, and the activity sought to be
authorized (such as importing, exporting, re-exporting, etc.);
[[Page 147]]
(2) A statement as to whether the wildlife or plant, at the time of
application, (i) is living in the wild, (ii) is living, but not in the
wild, or (iii) is dead;
(3) A description of the wildlife or plant, including (i) size, (ii)
sex (if known), and (iii) type of goods, if it is a part or derivative;
(4) In the case of living wildlife or plants, (i) a description of
the type, size, and construction of any container the wildlife or plant
will be placed in during transportation, and (ii) the arrangements for
watering and otherwise caring for the wildlife or plant during
transportation;
(5) The name and address of the person in a foreign country to whom
the wildlife or plant is to be exported from the United States, or from
whom the wildlife or plant is to be imported into the United States;
(6) The country and place where the wildlife or plant was or is to
be taken from the wild;
(7) In the case of wildlife or plants listed in Appendix I to be
imported into the United States, (i) a statement of the purposes and
details of the activities for which the wildlife or plant is to be
imported; (ii) a brief resume of the technical expertise of the
applicant or other persons who will care for the wildlife or plant;
(iii) the name, address, and description, including diagrams or
photographs, of the facility where the wildlife or plant will be
maintained; and (iv) a description of all mortalities, in the two years
preceding the date of this application, including any wildlife species
covered in the application (or any species of the same genus or family)
held by the applicant, including the causes and steps taken to avoid
such mortalities; and
(8) Copies of documents, sworn affidavits, or other evidence showing
that either (i) the wildlife or plant was acquired prior to the date the
Convention applied to it, or (ii) the wildlife or plant was bred in
captivity, or artificially propagated, or was part of or derived
therefrom, or (iii) the wildlife or plant is an herbarium specimen, or
live plant material to be imported, exported, or re-exported as a
noncommercial loan, donation, or exchange between scientists or
scientific institutions.
(b) Issuance criteria. Upon receiving an application completed in
accordance with paragraph (a) of this section, the Director will decide
whether or not a permit should be issued. In making his decision, the
Director shall consider, in addition to the general criteria in Sec.
13.21(b) of this subchapter, the following factors:
(1) Whether the purpose for which the permit is requested will
enhance the survival of the species in the wild;
(2) Whether the purpose for which the permit is requested will
enhance the propagation of the species;
(3) The opinions or views of scientists or other persons or
organizations having expertise concerning the plant or other matters
germane to the application; and
(4) Whether the expertise, facilities, or other resources available
to the applicant appear adequate to successfully accomplish the
objectives stated in the application.
(c) Permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set
forth in part 13 of this subchapter, every permit issued under this
section shall be subject to the following special conditions:
(1) If requested, the permittee shall submit to the Director a
written report of the activities authorized by the permit. Such report
must be postmarked by the date specified in the permit or otherwise
requested by the Director.
(2) A copy of the permit or an identification label, which includes
the scientific name, the permit number, and a statement that the plant
is of ``wild origin'' or ``cultivated origin'' must accompany the plant
or its container during the course of any activity subject to these
regulations, unless the specimens meet the special conditions referred
to in paragraph (c)(3) of this section.
(3) In the case of plants that are herbarium specimens, or other
preserved, dried or embedded museum specimens to be imported or exported
as a noncommercial loan, exchange or donation between scientists or
scientific institutions, the names and addresses of the consignor and
consignee must be on each package or container. A description such as
``herbarium specimens'' and the code letters assigned by the Service to
the scientists or scientific institution must be entered on the Customs
declaration form affixed to each package or container. If the specimens
are of taxa also regulated by the Convention on International Trade in
Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, the letters ``CITES''
(acronym for the Convention) also must be entered on the Customs
declaration form, as indicated in Sec. 23.15(e)(3) of this subchapter.
[[Page 148]]
(d) Duration of permit. The duration of a permit issued under this
section shall be designated on the face of the permit.
[44 FR 54060, Sept. 18, 1979, as amended at 50 FR 39690, Sept. 30, 1985;
63 FR 52635, Oct. 1, 1998]
Sec. 17.63 Economic hardship permits.
Upon receipt of a complete application, the Director may issue a
permit authorizing any activity otherwise prohibited by Sec. 17.61, in
accordance with Section 10(b) of the Act and the issuance criteria of
this section, in order to prevent undue economic hardship. No such
exemption may be granted for the importation or exportation of a species
also listed in Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in
endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, if the specimen would be
used in a commercial activity.
(a) Application requirements. An application for a permit under this
section must be submitted to the Director by the person allegedly
suffering undue economic hardship because his desired activity is
prohibited. The application must be submitted on an official application
form (Form 3-200) provided by the Service, or must contain the general
information and certification required by Sec. 13.12(a) of this
subchapter. It must include, as an attachment, all of the information
required in Sec. 17.62 plus the following additional information.
(1) The possible legal or economic alternatives to the activity
sought to be authorized by the permit.
(2) A full statement, accompanied by copies of all relevant
correspondence, showing the applicant's involvement with the plant
sought to be covered by the permit (as well as his involvement with
similar plants). The applicant should include information on that
portion of his income derived from activities involving such plants in
relation to the balance of his income during the calendar year
immediately preceding either the Federal Register notice of review of
the status of the species or proposed rulemaking to list the species as
Endangered, whichever is earlier.
(3) Where applicable, proof of a contract or other binding legal
obligation which:
(i) Deals specifically with the plant sought to be covered by the
permit;
(ii) Became binding prior to the date of the Federal Register notice
of review of the status of the species or proposed rulemaking to list
the species as endangered, whichever is earlier; and
(iii) Will cause monetary loss of a given dollar amount if the
permit sought under this section is not granted.
(b) Issuance criteria. Upon receiving an application completed in
accordance with paragraph (a) of this section, the Director will decide
whether or not a permit should be issued for economic hardship, as
defined in section 10(b) of the Act. In making his decision, the
Director shall consider, in addition to the general criteria in Sec.
13.21(b) of this subchapter, the following factors:
(1) Whether the purpose for which the permit is requested will
significantly affect the survival of the species in the wild;
(2) The economic, legal, or other alternatives or relief available
to the applicant;
(3) The amount of evidence that the applicant was in fact party to a
contract or other binding legal obligation which:
(i) Deals specifically with the plant sought to be covered by the
permit; and
(ii) Became binding prior to the date of the Federal Register notice
of review of the status of the species or proposed rulemaking to list
the species as endangered, whichever is earlier;
(4) The severity of economic hardship which the contract or other
binding legal obligation referred to in paragraph (b)(3) of this section
would cause if the permit were denied;
(5) Where applicable, the portion of the applicant's income which
would be lost if the permit were denied, and the relationship of that
portion to the balance of his income.
(c) Permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set
forth in part 13 of this subchapter, every permit issued under this
section may be subject to any of the following special conditions:
(1) If requested, the permittee shall submit to the Director a
written report
[[Page 149]]
of the activities authorized by the permit. Such report must be
postmarked by the date specified in the permit or otherwise requested by
the Director.
(2) If requested, the permittee shall report to the Service's office
designated in the permit the death, destruction or loss of all living
plants covered by the permit. Such report must be postmarked by the date
specified in the permit or otherwise requested by the Director.
(d) Duration of permit. The duration of a permit issued under this
section shall be designated on the face of the permit. No permit issued
under this section shall be valid for more than one year from the date
of a Federal Register notice of review of the status of the species or
proposed rulemaking to list the species as endangered, whichever is
earlier.
[44 FR 54060, Sept. 18, 1979]
Subpart G_Threatened Plants
Sec. 17.71 Prohibitions.
(a) Except as provided in subpart A of this part, or in a permit
issued under this subpart, all of the provisions in Sec. 17.61 shall
apply to threatened plants, with the following exception. Seeds of
cultivated specimens of species treated as threatened shall be exempt
from all the provisions of Sec. 17.61, provided that a statement that
the seeds are of ``cultivated origin'' accompanies the seeds or their
container during the course of any activity otherwise subject to these
regulations.
(b) In addition to any provisions of this part 17, any employee or
agent of the Service or of a State Conservation Agency which is
operating a conservation program pursuant to the terms of a Cooperative
Agreement with the Service in accordance with section 6(c) of the Act,
who is designated by that agency for such purposes, may, when acting in
the course of official duties, remove and reduce to possession from
areas under Federal jurisdiction those threatened species of plants
which are covered by an approved Cooperative Agreement to carry out
conservation programs.
(c) Whenever a special rule in Sec. Sec. 17.73 to 17.78 applies to
a threatened species, none of the provisions of paragraph (a) of this
section will apply. The special rule will contain all the applicable
prohibitions and exceptions. If indicated by special rule, the exception
for seeds in paragraph (a) of this section shall not apply to the
threatened species.
[42 FR 32380, June 24, 1977, as amended at 50 FR 39691, Sept. 30, 1985]
Sec. 17.72 Permits--general.
Upon receipt of a complete application, the Director may issue a
permit authorizing any activity otherwise prohibited with regard to
threatened plants. The permit shall be governed by the provisions of
this section unless a special rule applicable to the plant is provided
in Sec. Sec. 17.73 to 17.78. A permit issued under this section must be
for one of the following: scientific purposes, the enhancement of the
propagation or survival of threatened species, economic hardship,
botanical or horticultural exhibition, educational purposes, or other
activities consistent with the purposes and policy of the Act. Such a
permit may authorize a single transaction, a series of transactions, or
a number of activities over a specified period of time.
(a) Application requirements. A person wishing to get a permit for
an activity prohibited by Sec. 17.71 submits an application to conduct
activities under this paragraph. For interstate commerce activities the
seller gets the permit for plants coming from cultivated stock and the
buyer gets the permit if the plants are taken from the wild. The Service
provides Form 3-200 for the application or you may submit the general
information and certification required by Sec. 13.12(a) of this
subchapter. Application requirements differ for permits issued for
plants taken from the wild (excluding seeds), seeds and cultivated
plants, or herbarium specimens. You must attach the following
information and any other information requested by the Director.
(1) For activities involving plants obtained from the wild
(excluding seeds), provide the following information:
(i) The scientific names of the plants sought to be covered by the
permit;
(ii) The estimated number of specimens sought to be covered by the
permit;
[[Page 150]]
(iii) The year, country, and approximate place where taking occurred
or will occur;
(iv) If the activities would involve removal and reduction to
possession of a plant from an area under Federal jurisdiction, the year,
State, county or any other description such as place name, township, and
range designation that will precisely place the location where the
proposed removal and reduction to possession will occur, the name of the
Federal entity having jurisdiction over the area and the name, title,
address, and phone number of the person in charge of the area.
(v) A brief description of the applicant's expertise and facilities
as related to the proposed activity;
(vi) A justification of the activities sought to be authorized by
the permit and the relationship of such activities to scientific
purposes, enhancing the propagation or survival of the species, or other
objectives consistent with the purposes and policy of the Act; and
(vii) A statement of the applicant's willingness to participate in a
cooperative propagation program, and to maintain or contribute data
relating to such efforts.
(2) For activities involving seeds obtained from the wild and
cultivated plants, provide the following information:
(i) The scientific names of the plants sought to be covered by the
permit;
(ii) A statement of the applicant's willingness to participate in a
cooperative propagation program, and to maintain or contribute data
relating to the success of such efforts; and
(iii) A justification of the activities sought to be authorized by
the permit and the relationship of such activities to scientific
purposes, enhancing the propagation or survival of the species, or other
objectives consistent with the purposes and policy of the Act.
(iv) If the activities would involve removal and reduction to
possession of seeds from an area under Federal jurisdiction, the year,
State, county, or any other description such as place name, township,
and range designation that will precisely place the location where the
proposed removal and reduction to possession will occur, the name of the
Federal entity having jurisdiction over the area and the name, title,
address, and phone number of the person in charge of the area.
(3) For importation or exportation involving the non-commercial
loan, exchange or donation of herbarium or other preserved, dried or
embedded museum specimens of all threatened species between scientists
or scientific institutions, provide the following information:
(i) The name and address of the institution or other facility where
the plants sought to be covered by the permit will be used or
maintained; and
(ii) A justification of the activities sought to be authorized by
the permit and the relationship of such activities to scientific
purposes, enhancing the propagation or survival of the species, or other
objectives consistent with the purposes and policy of the Act.
(4) When the activity applied for involves a species also regulated
by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild
Fauna and Flora, additional requirements of Sec. 23.15(c) of this
subchapter must be met. For your convenience, Sec. 23.15(c) is repeated
here.
Application requirements for permits or certificates to import,
export or re-export wildlife or plants listed in Appendix I, II or III
that are not subject to the regulations in part 17 or part 18 of this
subchapter. Any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States
who wishes to get such a permit or certificate submits an application
under this section to the Director, Fish and Wildlife Service
(Attention: Office of Management Authority), 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, Room
700, Arlington, VA 22203. The Service provides Form 3-200 for the
application to which as much of the following information relating to
the purpose of the permit or certificate must be attached:
(1) The scientific and common names of the species (or taxa to the
rank listed in Appendix I, II, or III) sought to be covered by the
permit, the number of wildlife or plants, and the activity sought to be
authorized (such as importing, exporting, re-exporting, etc.);
(2) A statement as to whether the wildlife or plant, at the time of
application, (i) is living in the wild, (ii) is living, but not in the
wild, or (iii) is dead;
(3) A description of the wildlife or plant, including (i) size, (ii)
sex (if known), and (iii) type of goods, if it is a part or derivative;
[[Page 151]]
(4) In the case of living wildlife or plants, (i) a description of
the type, size, and construction of any container the wildlife or plant
will be placed in during transportation, and (ii) the arrangements for
watering and otherwise caring for the wildlife or plant during
transportation;
(5) The name and address of the person in a foreign country to whom
the wildlife or plant is to be exported from the United States, or from
whom the wildlife or plant is to be imported into the United States;
(6) The country and place where the wildlife or plant was or is to
be taken from the wild;
(7) In the case of wildlife or plants listed in Appendix I to be
imported into the United States, (i) a statement of the purposes and
details of the activities for which the wildlife or plant is to be
imported; (ii) a brief resume of the technical expertise of the
applicant or other persons who will care for the wildlife or plant;
(iii) the name, address, and description, including diagrams or
photographs, of the facility where the wildlife or plant will be
maintained; and (iv) a description of all mortalities, in the two years
preceding the date of this application, including any wildlife species
covered in the application (or any species of the same genus or family)
held by the applicant, including the causes and steps taken to avoid
such mortalities; and
(8) Copies of documents, sworn affidavits, or other evidence showing
that either (i) the wildlife or plant was acquired prior to the date the
Convention applied to it, or (ii) the wildlife or plant was bred in
captivity, or artificially propagated, or was part of or derived
therefrom, or (iii) the wildlife or plant is an herbarium specimen, or
live plant material to be imported, exported, or re-exported as a
noncommercial loan, donation, or exchange between scientists or
scientific institutions.
(b) Issuance criteria. Upon receiving an application completed in
accordance with paragraph (a) of this section, the Director will decide
whether or not a permit should be issued. In making his decision, the
Director shall consider, in addition to the general criteria in Sec.
13.21(b) of this subchapter, the following factors:
(1) Whether the purpose for which the permit is requested will
enhance the survival of the species in the wild;
(2) Whether the purpose for which the permit is requested will
enhance the propagation of the species;
(3) The opinions or views of scientists or other persons or
organizations having expertise concerning the plant or other matters
germane to the application; and
(4) Whether the expertise, facilities, or other resources available
to the applicant appear adequate to successfully accomplish the
objectives stated in the application.
(c) Permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set
forth in part 13 of this subchapter, every permit issued under this
section shall be subject to the following special conditions:
(1) If requested, the permittee shall submit to the Director a
written report of the activities authorized by the permit. Such report
must be postmarked by the date specified in the permit or otherwise
requested by the Director.
(2) A copy of the permit or an identification label, which includes
the scientific name, the permit number, and a statement that the plant
is of ``wild orgin'' or ``cultivated origin'' must accompany the plant
or its container during the course of any activity subject to these
regulations, unless the specimens meet the special conditions referred
to in paragraph (c)(3) of this section.
(3) In the case of plants that are herbarium specimens, or other
preserved, dried, or embedded museum specimens to be imported or
exported as a noncommercial loan exchange or donation between scientists
or scientific institutions, the names and addresses of the consignor and
consignee must be on each package or container. A description such as
``herbarium specimens'' and the code letters assigned by the Service to
the scientist or scientific institution must be entered on the Customs
declaration form affixed to each package or container. If the specimens
are of taxa also regulated by the Convention on International Trade in
Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, the letters ``CITES''
(acronym for the convention) also must be entered on the Customs
declaration form as indicated in Sec. 23.15(e)(3) of this subchapter.
(d) Duration of permit. The duration of a permit issued under this
section shall be designated on the face of the permit.
[42 FR 32380, June 24, 1977, as amended at 50 FR 39691, Sept. 30, 1985;
63 FR 52636, Oct. 1, 1998]
[[Page 152]]
Sec. Sec. 17.73-17.78 [Reserved]
Subpart H_Experimental Populations
Source: 49 FR 33893, Aug. 27, 1984, unless otherwise noted.
Sec. 17.80 Definitions.
(a) The term experimental population means an introduced and/or
designated population (including any off-spring arising solely
therefrom) that has been so designated in accordance with the procedures
of this subpart but only when, and at such times as the population is
wholly separate geographically from nonexperimental populations of the
same species. Where part of an experimental population overlaps with
natural populations of the same species on a particular occasion, but is
wholly separate at other times, specimens of the experimental population
will not be recognized as such while in the area of overlap. That is,
experimental status will only be recognized outside the areas of
overlap. Thus, such a population shall be treated as experimental only
when the times of geographic separation are reasonably predictable;
e.g., fixed migration patterns, natural or man-made barriers. A
population is not treated as experimental if total separation will occur
solely as a result of random and unpredictable events.
(b) The term essential experimental population means an experimental
population whose loss would be likely to appreciably reduce the
likelihood of the survival of the species in the wild. All other
experimental populations are to be classified as nonessential.
Sec. 17.81 Listing.
(a) The Secretary may designate as an experimental population a
population of endangered or threatened species that has been or will be
released into suitable natural habitat outside the species' current
natural range (but within its probable historic range, absent a finding
by the Director in the extreme case that the primary habitat of the
species has been unsuitably and irreversibly altered or destroyed),
subject to the further conditions specified in this section; provided,
that all designations of experimental populations must proceed by
regulation adopted in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 553 and the requirements
of this subpart.
(b) Before authorizing the release as an experimental population of
any population (including eggs, propagules, or individuals) of an
endangered or threatened species, and before authorizing any necessary
transportation to conduct the release, the Secretary must find by
regulation that such release will further the conservation of the
species. In making such a finding the Secretary shall utilize the best
scientific and commercial data available to consider:
(1) Any possible adverse effects on extant populations of a species
as a result of removal of individuals, eggs, or propagules for
introduction elsewhere;
(2) The likelihood that any such experimental population will become
established and survive in the foreseeable future;
(3) The relative effects that establishment of an experimental
population will have on the recovery of the species; and
(4) The extent to which the introduced population may be affected by
existing or anticipated Federal or State actions or private activities
within or adjacent to the experimental population area.
The Secretary may issue a permit under section 10(a)(1)(A) of the Act,
if appropriate under the standards set out in subsections 10(d) and (j)
of the Act, to allow acts necessary for the establishment and
maintenance of an experimental population.
(c) Any regulation promulgated under paragraph (a) of this section
shall provide:
(1) Appropriate means to identify the experimental population,
including, but not limited to, its actual or proposed location, actual
or anticipated migration, number of specimens released or to be
released, and other criteria appropriate to identify the experimental
population(s);
(2) A finding, based solely on the best scientific and commercial
data available, and the supporting factual basis,
[[Page 153]]
on whether the experimental population is, or is not, essential to the
continued existence of the species in the wild;
(3) Management restrictions, protective measures, or other special
management concerns of that population, which may include but are not
limited to, measures to isolate and/or contain the experimental
population designated in the regulation from natural populations; and
(4) A process for periodic review and evaluation of the success or
failure of the release and the effect of the release on the conservation
and recovery of the species.
(d) The Fish and Wildlife Service shall consult with appropriate
State fish and wildlife agencies, local governmental entities, affected
Federal agencies, and affected private landowners in developing and
implementing experimental population rules. When appropriate, a public
meeting will be conducted with interested members of the public. Any
regulation promulgated pursuant to this section shall, to the maximum
extent practicable, represent an agreement between the Fish and Wildlife
Service, the affected State and Federal agencies and persons holding any
interest in land which may be affected by the establishment of an
experimental population.
(e) Any population of an endangered species or a threatened species
determined by the Secretary to be an experimental population in
accordance with this subpart shall be identified by special rule in
Sec. Sec. 17.84--17.86 as appropriate and separately listed in Sec.
17.11(h) (wildlife) or Sec. 17.12(h) (plants) as appropriate.
(f) The Secretary may designate critical habitat as defined in
section (3)(5)(A) of the Act for an essential experimental population as
determined pursuant to paragraph (c)(2) of this section. Any designation
of critical habitat for an essential experimental population will be
made in accordance with section 4 of the Act. No designation of critical
habitat will be made for nonessential populations. In those situations
where a portion or all of an essential experimental population overlaps
with a natural population of the species during certain periods of the
year, no critical habitat shall be designated for the area of overlap
unless implemented as a revision to critical habitat of the natural
population for reasons unrelated to the overlap itself.
Sec. 17.82 Prohibitions.
Any population determined by the Secretary to be an experimental
population shall be treated as if it were listed as a threatened species
for purposes of establishing protective regulations under section 4(d)
of the Act with respect to such population. The Special rules
(protective regulations) adopted for an experimental population under
Sec. 17.81 will contain applicable prohibitions, as appropriate, and
exceptions for that population.
Sec. 17.83 Interagency cooperation.
(a) Any experimental population designated for a listed species (1)
determined pursuant to Sec. 17.81(c)(2) of this subpart not to be
essential to the survival of that species and (2) not occurring within
the National Park System or the National Wildlife Refuge System, shall
be treated for purposes of section 7 (other than subsection (a)(1)
thereof) as a species proposed to be listed under the Act as a
threatened species.
(b) Any experimental population designated for a listed species that
either (1) has been determined pursuant to Sec. 17.81(c)(2) of this
subpart to be essential to the survival of that species, of (2) occurs
within the National Park System or the National Wildlife Refuge System
as now or hereafter constituted, shall be treated for purposes of
section 7 of the Act as a threatened species. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, any biological opinion prepared pursuant to section 7(b) of
the Act and any agency determination made pursuant to section 7(a) of
the Act shall consider any experimental and nonexperimental populations
to constitute a single listed species for the purposes of conducting the
analyses under such sections.
Sec. 17.84 Special rules--vertebrates.
(a) Delmarva Peninsula fox squirrel (Sciurus niger cinereus). (1)
The Delmarva Peninsula fox squirrel population identified in paragraph
(a)(6) of
[[Page 154]]
this section is a nonessential experimental population.
(2) No person shall take this species, except:
(i) For educational purposes, scientific purposes, the enhancement
of propagation or survival of the species, zoological exhibition, and
other conservation purposes consistent with the Act and in accordance
with applicable State fish and wildlife conservation laws and
regulations; or
(ii) Incidental to recreational activities.
(3) Any violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation
laws or regulations with respect to the taking of this species (other
than incidental taking as described in paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this
section) will also be a violation of the Endangered Species Act.
(4) No person shall possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export by any means whatsoever, any such species taken in
violation of these regulations or in violation of applicable State fish
and wildlife laws or regulations or the Endangered Species Act.
(5) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit
another to commit, or cause to be committed, any offense defined in
paragraph (a)(2) or (4) of this section.
(6) The site for reintroduction of Delmarva Peninsula fox squirrel
is totally isolated from existing populations of this species. The
nearest extant population is in the Chincoteague National Wildlife
Refuge approximately 50 miles from the reintroduction site. The
reintroduction site is within the historic range of this species and is
located at the Assawoman Wildlife Area, Sussex County, Delaware.
Observation of previous releases have shown that fox squirrels have not
traveled more than 2 or 3 miles from release sites, therefore, the
possibility of this population contacting extant wild populations is
unlikely.
(7) The reintroduced population will be checked periodically to
determine its condition and the success of the reintroduction. Of
special concern will be the establishment of breeding pairs and the
reproductive success of the population. The movement patterns of the
released individuals and the overall health of the population will also
be observed.
(b) Colorado squawfish (Ptychocheilus lucius) and woundfin
(Plagopterus argentissimus). (1) The Colorado squawfish and woundfin
populations identified in paragraph (b)(6) of this section, are
experimental, nonessential populations.
(2) No person shall take the species, except in accordance with
applicable State or Tribal fish and wildlife conservation laws and
regulations in the following instances:
(i) For educational purposes, scientific purposes, the enhancement
of propagation or survival of the species, zoological exhibition, and
other conservation purposes consistent with the Act; or
(ii) Incidental to otherwise lawful activities, provided that the
individual fish taken, if still alive, is immediately returned to its
habitat.
(3) Any violation of applicable State or Tribal fish and wildlife
conservation laws or regulations with respect to the taking of this
species (other than incidental taking as described in paragraph
(b)(2)(ii) of this section) will also be a violation of the Endangered
Species Act.
(4) No person shall possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export, by any means whatsoever, any such species taken in
violation of these regulations or in violation of applicable State or
Tribal fish and wildlife laws or regulations.
(5) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit
another to commit, or cause to be committed, any offense defined in
paragraphs (b) (2) through (4) of this section.
(6) All of the sites for reintroduction of Colorado squawfish and
woundfin are totally isolated from existing populations of these
species. The nearest population of Colorado squawfish is above Lake
Powell in the Green and Colorado Rivers, an upstream distance of at
least 800 miles including 6 mainstream dams, and 200 miles of dry
riverbed. Woundfin are similarly isolated (450 miles distant, 200 miles
of dry streambed and 5 mainstream dams). All reintroduction sites are
within the probable historic range of these species and are as follows:
[[Page 155]]
Colorado Squawfish
(i) Arizona: Gila County. Salt River from Roosevelt Dam upstream to
U.S Highway 60 bridge.
(ii) Arizona: Gila and Yavapai Counties. Verde River from Horseshoe
Dam upstream to Perkinsville.
The lower segments of large streams which flow into these two
sections of river may, from time to time, be inhabited by Colorado
squawfish. Downstream movement of squawfish in these areas will be
restricted by dams and upstream movement is limited by lack of suitable
habitat.
Woundfin
(i) Arizona: Gila and Yavapai Counties. Verde River from backwaters
of Horseshoe Reservoir upstream to Perkinsville.
(ii) Arizona: Graham and Greenlee Counties. Gila River from
backwaters of San Carlos Reservoir upstream to Arizona/New Mexico State
line.
(iii) Arizona: Greenlee County. San Francisco River from its
junction with the Gila River upstream to the Arizona/New Mexico State
line.
(iv) Arizona: Gila County. Tonto Creek, from Punkin Center upstream
to Gisela.
(v) Arizona: Yavapai County. Hassayampa River, from Red Cliff
upstream to Wagoner.
The movement of woundfin beyond these areas will be limited to the
lower portion of larger tributaries where suitable habitat exists.
Downstream movement is limited by dams, reservoirs, and dry streambed.
Upstream movement from these areas is restricted due to the absence of
habitat. Upstream areas are too cold and the gradient is too steep to
support populations of woundfin.
(7) The reintroduced populations will be checked annually to
determine their condition. A seining survey will be used to determine
population expansion or contraction, reproduction success, and general
health condition of the fish.
(c) Red wolf (Canis rufus). (1) The red wolf populations identified
in paragraphs (c)(9)(i) and (c)(9)(ii) of this section are nonessential
experimental populations.
(2) No person may take this species, except as provided in
paragraphs (c)(3) through (5) and (10) of this section.
(3) Any person with a valid permit issued by the Service under Sec.
17.32 may take red wolves for educational purposes, scientific purposes,
the enhancement of propagation or survival of the species, zoological
exhibition, and other conservation purposes consistent with the Act and
in accordance with applicable State fish and wildlife conservation laws
and regulations;
(4)(i) Any person may take red wolves found on private land in the
areas defined in paragraphs (c)(9) (i) and (ii) of this section,
Provided that such taking is not intentional or willful, or is in
defense of that person's own life or the lives of others; and that such
taking is reported within 24 hours to the refuge manager (for the red
wolf population defined in paragraph (c)(9)(i) of this section), the
Park superintendent (for the red wolf population defined in paragraph
(c)(9)(ii) of this section), or the State wildlife enforcement officer
for investigation.
(ii) Any person may take red wolves found on lands owned or managed
by Federal, State, or local government agencies in the areas defined in
paragraphs (c)(9) (i) and (ii) of this section, Provided that such
taking is incidental to lawful activities, is unavoidable,
unintentional, and not exhibiting a lack of reasonable due care, or is
in defense of that person's own life or the lives of others, and that
such taking is reported within 24 hours to the refuge manager (for the
red wolf population defined in paragraph (c)(9)(i) of this section), the
Park superintendent (for the red wolf population defined in paragraph
(c)(9)(ii) of this section), or the State wildlife enforcement officer
for investigation.
(iii) Any private landowner, or any other individual having his or
her permission, may take red wolves found on his or her property in the
areas defined in paragraphs (c)(9) (i) and (ii) of this section when the
wolves are in the act of killing livestock or pets, Provided that
freshly wounded or killed livestock or pets are evident and that all
such taking shall be reported within 24 hours to the refuge manager (for
the red wolf population defined in paragraph (c)(9)(i) of this section),
the Park superintendent (for the red wolf population defined in
paragraph (c)(9)(ii) of this section), or the State wildlife enforcement
officer for investigation.
(iv) Any private landowner, or any other individual having his or
her permission, may harass red wolves found on his or her property in
the areas defined in paragraphs (c)(9) (i) and (ii) of
[[Page 156]]
this section, Provided that all such harassment is by methods that are
not lethal or physically injurious to the red wolf and is reported
within 24 hours to the refuge manager (for the red wolf population
defined in paragraph (c)(9)(i) of this section), the Park superintendent
(for the red wolf population defined in paragraph (c)(9)(ii) of this
section), or the State wildlife enforcement officer, as noted in
paragraph (c)(6) of this section for investigation.
(v) Any private landowner may take red wolves found on his or her
property in the areas defined in paragraphs (c)(9) (i) and (ii) of this
section after efforts by project personnel to capture such animals have
been abandoned, Provided that the Service project leader or biologist
has approved such actions in writing and all such taking shall be
reported within 24 hours to the Service project leader or biologist, the
refuge manager (for the red wolf population defined in paragraph
(c)(9)(i) of this section), the Park superintendent (for the red wolf
population defined in paragraph (c)(9)(ii) of this section), or the
State wildlife enforcement officer for investigation.
(vi) The provisions of paragraphs (4) (i) through (v) of this
section apply to red wolves found in areas outside the areas defined in
paragraphs (c)(9) (i) and (ii) of this section, with the exception that
reporting of taking or harassment to the refuge manager, Park
superintendent, or State wildlife enforcement officer, while encouraged,
is not required.
(5) Any employee or agent of the Service or State conservation
agency who is designated for such purposes, when acting in the course of
official duties, may take a red wolf if such action is necessary to:
(i) Aid a sick, injured, or orphaned specimen;
(ii) Dispose of a dead specimen, or salvage a dead specimen which
may be useful for scientific study;
(iii) Take an animal that constitutes a demonstrable but non-
immediate threat to human safety or that is responsible for depredations
to lawfully present domestic animals or other personal property, if it
has not been possible to otherwise eliminate such depredation or loss of
personal property, Provided That such taking must be done in a humane
manner, and may involve killing or injuring the animal only if it has
not been possible to eliminate such threat by live capturing and
releasing the specimen unharmed on the refuge or Park;
(iv) Move an animal for genetic purposes.
(6) Any taking pursuant to paragraphs (c) (3) through (5) of this
section must be immediately reported to either the Refuge Manager,
Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge, Manteo, North Carolina,
telephone 919/473-1131, or the Superintendent, Great Smoky Mountains
National Park, Gatlinburg, Tennessee, telephone 615/436-1294. Either of
these persons will determine disposition of any live or dead specimens.
(7) No person shall possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export by any means whatsoever, any such species taken in
violation of these regulations or in violation of applicable State fish
and wildlife laws or regulations or the Endangered Species Act.
(8) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit
another to commit, or cause to be committed, any offense defined in
paragraphs (c) (2) through (7) of this section.
(9)(i) The Alligator River reintroduction site is within the
historic range of the species in North Carolina, in Dare, Hyde, Tyrrell,
and Washington Counties; because of its proximity and potential
conservation value, Beaufort County is also included in the experimental
population designation.
(ii) The red wolf also historically occurred on lands that now
comprise the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The Park encompasses
properties within Haywood and Swain Counties in North Carolina, and
Blount, Cocke, and Sevier Counties in Tennessee. Graham, Jackson, and
Madison Counties in North Carolina, and Monroe County in Tennessee, are
also included in the experimental designation because of the close
proximity of these counties to the Park boundary.
(iii) Except for the three island propagation projects and these
small reintroduced populations, the red wolf is extirpated from the
wild. Therefore,
[[Page 157]]
there are no other extant populations with which the refuge or Park
experimental populations could come into contact.
(10) The reintroduced populations will be monitored closely for the
duration of the project, generally using radio telemetry as appropriate.
All animals released or captured will be vaccinated against diseases
prevalent in canids prior to release. Any animal that is determined to
be in need of special care or that moves onto lands where the landowner
requests their removal will be recaptured, if possible, by Service and/
or Park Service and/or designated State wildlife agency personnel and
will be given appropriate care. Such animals will be released back into
the wild as soon as possible, unless physical or behavioral problems
make it necessary to return the animals to a captive-breeding facility.
(11) The status of the Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge
project will be reevaluated by October 1, 1992, to determine future
management status and needs. This review will take into account the
reproductive success of the mated pairs, movement patterns of individual
animals, food habits, and overall health of the population. The duration
of the first phase of the Park project is estimated to be 10 to 12
months. After that period, an assessment of the reintroduction potential
of the Park for red wolves will be made. If a second phase of
reintroduction is attempted, the duration of that phase will be better
defined during the assessment. However, it is presently thought that a
second phase would last for 3 years, after which time the red wolf would
be treated as a resident species within the Park. Throughout these
periods, the experimental and nonessential designation of the animals
will remain in effect.
(d) Southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis). (1) Definitions. The
definitions set out in Sec. 17.3 apply to this paragraph (d). For
purposes of this paragraph--
(i) The term defense-related agency action means an agency action
proposed to be carried out directly by a military department, which does
not have as its intended purpose the taking of southern sea otters. For
purposes of this definition, the United States Coast Guard is not a
military department.
(ii) The term management zone means that area delineated in
paragraph (d)(5)(i) of this section which surrounds the translocation
zone and separates the translocation zone from the existing range of the
parent population and adjacent range where expansion of the parent
population is necessary for the recovery of southern sea otters.
(iii) The term member of the experimental population of southern sea
otters includes any southern sea otter, alive or dead, found within the
translocation zone or the management zone, and any part or product of
any such southern sea otter.
(iv) The term parent population means the population of southern sea
otters existing along the central California coast north of the
management zone.
(v) The term translocation zone means the area delineated in
paragraph (d)(4)(i) of this section within which an experimental
population of southern sea otters is released and contained.
(vi) The term established experimental population of southern sea
otters means a translocated population that meets the following
criteria: An estimated combined minimum of 150 healthy male and female
sea otters residing within the translocation zone, little or no
emigration into the management zone occurring, and a minimum annual
recruitment to the experimental population in the translocation zone of
20 sea otters for at least 3 years of the latest 5-year period, or
replacement yield sufficient to maintain the experimental population at
or near carrying capacity during the post-establishment and growth phase
or carrying capacity phase of the experimental population.
(vii) The term stabilized population is a population of sea otters
within the translocation zone at the conclusion of the movement of
animals from the parent population, except for purposes of genetic
enhancement, which (A) is equal to or greater than the number of otters
that were released from the holding pens alive and healthy, or 70
otters, whichever is less, and (B) is exhibiting growth. A stabilized
population would represent the point at which the experimental
population shifts from the transplant stage to the
[[Page 158]]
initial growth and reestablishment stage.
(viii) The term carrying capacity means the ecological state in
which the numbers of sea otters within the translocation zone remain
relatively constant and in balance with the available food supply.
(2) Description of experimental population. The experimental
population of southern sea otters shall include all southern sea otters
found within the translocation zone or the management zone. The Service
will translocate no more than 70 southern sea otters during the first
year, supplemented as necessary with up to 70 otters per year in
subsequent years from the parent population to the translocation zone.
Although a maximum of 250 southern sea otters may be moved from the
parent population in order to establish the experimental population in
the translocation zone, it is not likely that supplemental translocation
after the initial 70 will involve more than small numbers of southern
sea otters, although under this plan a maximum of 70 could be moved if
needed in each year up to a total of 250. The majority of animals
translocated each year will be weaned, immature sea otters with a sex
ratio of about 4 to 1, females to males. Of the adult sea otters
selected for translocation, approximately 3 out of every 4 animals will
be female.
(3) Translocation process--(i) Capture. Capture locations will be
selected primarily from the southern third of the range of the parent
population. Sea otters will be captured using diver-held devices, dip
nets, surface entangling nets, or other methods which may be proven to
be safe and effective in the future. All captured otters will be tagged
and examined by a veterinarian experienced in treating marine mammals.
(ii) Transport. All animals to be translocated will be transported
directly to the translocation zone or held in specially constructed
holding facilities prior to their movement to the translocation zone.
Access to and care of animals will be restricted to Federal and State
personnel and designated agents directly involved with the
translocation. Each captured animal will be placed in a carrying cage
and transported by truck to the local airport, from which point they
will be flown to the translocation zone. From there they will be trucked
to the release site.
(iii) Release. The animals will be released directly into the wild
from their transport cages, or held for up to 5 days in secured floating
pens at the release site. No more than 10 individuals will be held in
any pen, and adult males will be held separately. When held in floating
pens the animals will be released passively by opening the floating pens
and allowing animals to leave at will.
(iv) Monitoring. Monitoring will be conducted on both the parent
population and the experimental population by State and Federal
biologists and their designated agents. Monitoring the parent population
will be done to determine the effects of removal of otters on the growth
and range expansion or recession of the parent population. Monitoring of
the parent population will continue at least through the translocation
period and into the foreseeable future. Monitoring of the experimental
population will begin with the first release of translocated otters and
will continue at least until either the new population reaches the
carrying capacity of the habitat and establishes an equilibrium density
or the translocation is determined to have failed. Monitoring will
include intensive studies of changes in key components of the nearshore
ecosystem of the translocation zone including benthic organisms, kelp
and finfish. Monitoring, using ground and aerial observations, will also
include intensive observation and documentation of the movements,
distribution, foraging and reproductive behavior, dispersal tendencies,
growth and reproductive rates, prey selection, and social interactions
of sea otters in the experimental population. Results of monitoring the
experimental population and the parent population will also be compared
and evaluated.
(v) Protection. At least two law enforcement officers will be
specifically assigned, at least for the initial three- to five-year
period after the actual translocation of animals, to conduct patrols and
prevent illegal taking of
[[Page 159]]
southern sea otters in the translocation zone. Cooperative enforcement
arrangements will be developed with other agencies having law
enforcement activities in the area such as the U.S. Coast Guard,
National Marine Fisheries Service, California Department of Fish and
Game, U.S. Navy, and National Park Service to assist with protecting the
experimental population.
(4) Translocation zone. (i) There is established a translocation
zone for southern sea otters comprised of San Nicolas Island, Begg Rock,
and the surrounding waters within the following coordinates:
N. Latitude/W. Longitude
33[deg]27.8[min]/119[deg]34.3[min]
33[deg]20.5[min]/119[deg]15.5[min]
33[deg]13.5[min]/119[deg]11.8[min]
33[deg]06.5[min]/119[deg]15.3[min]
33[deg]02.8[min]/119[deg]26.8[min]
33[deg]08.8[min]/119[deg]46.3[min]
33[deg]17.2[min]/119[deg]56.9[min]
33[deg]30.9[min]/119[deg]54.2[min]
(ii) A map depicting the translocation zone is set forth below:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN91.002
(iii) Prohibitions. Except as provided in paragraph (d)(4)(iv), all
of the provisions in Sec. 17.21 (a) through (f) shall
[[Page 160]]
apply to any member of the experimental population of southern sea
otters within the translocation zone.
(iv) Exceptions. The prohibitions of paragraph (d)(4)(iii) shall not
apply to:
(A) Any act by the Service, the California Department of Fish and
Game, or an authorized agent of the Service or the California Department
of Fish and Game that is necessary to effect the relocation or
management of any southern sea otter under the provisions of this
paragraph;
(B) Any taking of a member of the experimental population of
southern sea otters that is incidental to, and not the purpose of, the
carrying out of a defense-related agency action as defined in paragraph
(d)(1)(i) of this section; or
(C) Any act authorized by a permit issued under Sec. 17.32.
(5) Management zone. (i) There is established a management zone for
southern sea otters comprised of all waters, islands, islets, and land
areas seaward of mean high tide subject to the jurisdiction of the
United States located south of Point Conception, California
(34[deg]26.9[min] N. Latitude), except for any area within the
translocation zone delineated in paragraph (d)(4)(i) of this section.
(ii) A map depicting the management zone is set forth in paragraph
(d)(4)(ii) of this section.
(iii) Prohibitions. Except as provided in paragraph (d)(5)(iv), all
of the provisions in Sec. 17.21 (a) through (f) shall apply to any
member of the experimental population of southern sea otters within the
management zone.
(iv) Exceptions. The prohibitions of paragraph (d)(5)(iii) shall not
apply to:
(A) Any act by the Service, the California Department of Fish and
Game, or an authorized agent of the Service or the California Department
of Fish and Game that is necessary to effect the relocation or
management of any southern sea otter under the provisions of this
paragraph;
(B) Any taking of a member of the experimental population of
southern sea otters that is incidental to, and not the purpose of, the
carrying out of an otherwise lawful activity within the management zone
delineated in paragraph (d)(5)(i) of this section; or
(C) Any act authorized by a permit issued under Sec. 17.32.
(6) Containment. The following containment measures, listed in order
of preference, will be employed to prevent significant emigration of
southern sea otters from San Nicolas Island and occupation of habitat
within the management zone:
(i) Capture of animals within the management zone for return to the
experimental population or to the range of the parent population using
non-lethal means. If verified sightings of one or more sea otters are
made at any location within the management zone, field crews will be
mobilized as soon as weather and sea conditions permit, to capture and
remove the otter(s) from the zone. Capture will be done by experienced
State and/or Federal personnel or other designated agents, using one or
more of the same techniques used in the translocation effort, such as
diver-held devices; surface entangling nets; dip nets; or other
effective methods which may be developed for capturing sea otters in the
future. Animals either will be flown or moved by air-conditioned van to
the release site.
(ii) Artificial reduction of fecundity for some sea otters within
the experimental population. [Reserved]
(iii) Selective or random, non-lethal removal of members of the
experimental population within the translocation zone. [Reserved]
Containment measures will be administered by the Fish and Wildlife
Service's Office of Sea Otter Management and Coordination (OSOMC), in
consultation and cooperation with the California Department of Fish and
Game. The OSOMC will work closely with State biologists to remove otters
from the management zone. Federal funding received through the normal
appropriations process will be used for research, protection, and
containment of the experimental population. Grants to the State of
California under 16 U.S.C. 1535, may be employed to facilitate the
measures outlined above. Public donations for management and containment
of the experimental population will be accepted with assistance from the
National Fish and Wildlife Foundation.
[[Page 161]]
(7) Effects of translocation on recovery and interagency
cooperation--(i) Background. The Recovery Plan specifically describes
the importance of translocation to the delisting of the southern sea
otter under the Endangered Species Act. The Plan states:
Sea otter translocation, if properly designed and implemented,
should provide the necessary foundation for ultimately obtaining the
Recovery Plan's objective and restoring the southern sea otter to a non-
threatened status and maintaining OSP by: (i) Establishing a second
colony (or colonies) sufficiently distant from the present population
such that a smaller portion of southern sea otters will be jeopardized
in the event of a large-scale oil spill, and (ii) establishing a data
base for identifying the optimal sustainable population level for the
sea otter.
Thus the translocation, and establishment of a population of sea otters
has been identified by the Recovery Plan as a critical action necessary
for the recovery and delisting of the species. With regard to the
relationship of a successful translocation to the initiation of a
delisting action under the Endangered Species Act. The Plan states:
Delisting should be considered when the southern sea otter
population is stable or increasing at sustainable rates in a large
enough area of their original habitat that only a small proportion of
the population would be decimated by any single natural or man-caused
catastrophe. To reach this point: (1) At least one additional population
of sea otters must be established outside the current population range,
(2) the existing population of sea otters and its habitat must be
protected, and (3) the threat from oil spills or other major
environmental changes must be minimized.
The successful establishment of the experimental population to be
carried out pursuant to this rule should fully satisfy the first
criterion specified above from the Recovery Plan, provided that the
parent population is showing sustained growth and expanding its range
from its present size and distribution. However, if such growth and
expansion is not occurring, the establishment of a single new population
may not be sufficient to satisfy the broader criterion that the
population must be increasing at a sustainable rate in a large enough
area of their original habitat that only a small proportion of the
population would be decimated by any single natural or man-caused
catastrophe.
(ii) Effect on recovery. The translocation will not influence the
legal status of the species until such time as the Service determines
that the experimental population is established. Once established, other
factors such as the status of the parent population and completion of
other recovery tasks will be considered. If the experimental population
becomes established and the other recovery tasks identified in the
recovery plan for the southern sea otter are attained, the southern sea
otter will be eligible for consideration for delisting in accordance
with the requirements of 50 CFR 424.11(d). If a catastrophic event were
to significantly diminish the parent population, the size of the
experimental population would be a factor in determining whether or not
the southern sea otter should remain listed as ``threatened'' or
reclassified as ``endangered,'' or if relisting should be considered if
a delisting action had been completed.
(iii) Effect on interagency cooperation. In determining the
likelihood of jeopardy or non-jeopardy opinions for proposed Federal
actions that ``may affect'' southern sea otters, the probability of
jeopardy determinations will decrease proportionally for comparable
projects with comparable types of impacts as the experimental population
grows from the point of being established toward the maximum number that
its habitat can support, i.e., carrying capacity. Thus, there is an
inverse relationship between the size of the experimental population
(after being determined to be established) and the probability of
jeopardy determinations associated with section 7 consultations under
the Endangered Species Act for projects affecting either the parent or
the experimental population. However, the status of the experimental
population is not the only factor to be considered in section 7
evaluations. The status of the parent population, as well as the
cumulative impacts, baseline level of threats, and effects of the action
on either population, will also be taken into account. In addition to
considering the size of
[[Page 162]]
the experimental population, the contribution that such population could
make toward helping restore a damaged parent population will also be a
factor that will be considered during section 7 evaluations. For section
7 purposes, once the translocated otters become stabilized and enter
into the initial growth and reestablishment stage, but before meeting
the criteria for an established population, the experimental population
will have an existence value that will be taken into consideration both
quantitatively and qualitatively. Its numbers will be added to those of
the parent population for purposes of analyzing the impacts of a Federal
action on the southern sea otter population. Moreover, during the
initial growth and reestablishment stage, as part of the analysis of the
impacts on the population as a whole, the impacts of proposed Federal
actions will be analyzed to clearly determine the relative risk to each
of the two populations (parent population and the experimental
population).
(8) Determination of a failed translocation. The translocation would
generally be considered to have failed if one or more of the following
conditions exists:
(i) If, after the first year following initiation of translocation
or any subsequent year, no translocated otters remain within the
translocation zone and the reasons for emigration or mortality cannot be
identified and/or remedied;
(ii) If, within three years from the initial transplant, fewer than
25 otters remain in the translocation zone and the reason for emigration
or mortality cannot be identified and/or remedied;
(iii) If, after two years following the completion of the transplant
phase, the experimental population is declining at a significant rate
and the translocated otters are not showing signs of successful
reproduction (i.e., no pupping is observed); however, termination of the
project under this and the previous criterion may be delayed if
reproduction is occurring and the degree of dispersal into the
management zone is small enough that the efforts to continue to remove
otters from the management zone are acceptable to the Service and
California Department of Fish and Game;
(iv) If the Service determines, in consultation with the affected
State and Marine Mammal Commission, that otters are dispersing from the
translocation zone and becoming established within the management zone
in sufficient numbers to demonstrate that containment cannot be
successfully accomplished. This standard is not intended to apply to
situations in which individuals or small numbers of otters are sighted
within the management zone or temporarily manage to elude capture.
Instead, it is meant to be applied when it becomes apparent that, over
time, otters are relocating from the translocation zone to the
management zone in such numbers that: (A) An independent breeding colony
is likely to become established within the management zone, or (B) they
could cause economic damage to fishery resources within the management
zone. It is expected that the Service could make this determination
within a year provided sufficient information is available;
(v) If the health and well-being of the experimental population
should become threatened to the point that the colony's continued
survival is unlikely, despite the protections given to it by the
Service, State, and applicable laws and regulations. An example would be
if an overriding military action for national security was proposed that
would threaten to devastate the colony and removal of the otters was
determined to be the only viable way of preventing the loss of the
individuals.
(vi) If, based on any one of these criteria, the Service concludes,
after consultation with the affected State and Marine Mammal Commission,
that the translocation has failed to produce a viable, contained
experimental population, this rulemaking will be amended to terminate
the experimental population, and all otters remaining within the
translocation zone will be captured and all healthy otters will be
placed back into the range of the parent population. Efforts to maintain
the management zone free of otters will be curtailed after all
reasonable efforts have been made to remove all otters that are still
within the management zone
[[Page 163]]
at the time of the decision to terminate the translocated population. A
joint State-Service consultation will determine when all reasonable
efforts have been made and additional efforts would be futile.
(vii) Prior to declaring the translocation a failure, a full
evaluation will be conducted into the probable causes of the failure. If
the causes could be determined, and legal and reasonable remedial
measures identified and implemented, consideration will be given to
continuing to maintain the translocated population. If such reasonable
measures cannot be identified and implemented, the results of the
evaluation will be published in the Federal Register with a proposed
rulemaking to terminate the experimental population.
(e) Yellowfin madtom (Noturus flavipinnis).
(1) Where is the yellowfin madtom designated as a nonessential
experimental population (NEP)? We have designated two populations of
this species as NEPs: the North Fork Holston River Watershed NEP and the
Tellico River NEP.
(i) The North Fork Holston River Watershed NEP area is within the
species' historic range and is defined as follows: The North Fork
Holston River watershed, Washington, Smyth, and Scott Counties,
Virginia; South Fork Holston River watershed upstream to Ft. Patrick
Henry Dam, Sullivan County, Tennessee; and the Holston River from the
confluence of the North and South Forks downstream to the John Sevier
Detention Lake Dam, Hawkins County, Tennessee. This site is totally
isolated from existing populations of this species by large Tennessee
River tributaries and reservoirs. As the species is not known to inhabit
reservoirs and because individuals of the species are not likely to move
100 river miles through these large reservoirs, the possibility that
this population could come in contact with extant wild populations is
unlikely.
(ii) The Tellico River NEP area is within the species' historic
range and is defined as follows: The Tellico River, between the
backwaters of the Tellico Reservoir (approximately Tellico River mile 19
(30.4 kilometers) and Tellico River mile 33 (52.8 kilometers), near the
Tellico Ranger Station, Monroe County, Tennessee. This species is not
currently known to exist in the Tellico River or its tributaries. Based
on its habitat requirements, we do not expect this species to become
established outside this NEP area. However, if individuals of this
population move upstream or downstream or into tributaries outside the
designated NEP area, we would presume that they came from the
reintroduced population. We would then amend this rule and enlarge the
boundaries of the NEP area to include the entire range of the expanded
population.
(2) We do not intend to change the NEP designations to ``essential
experimental,'' ``threatened,'' or ``endangered'' within the NEP areas.
Additionally, we will not designate critical habitat for these NEPs, as
provided by 16 U.S.C. 1539(j)(2)(C)(ii).
(3) What activities are not allowed in the NEP areas?
(i) Except as expressly allowed in paragraph (e)(4) of this section,
all the prohibitions of Sec. 17.31 (a) and (b) apply to the fishes
identified in paragraph (e)(1) of this section.
(ii) Any manner of take not described under paragraph (e)(4) of this
section is prohibited in the NEP area. We may refer unauthorized take of
these fishes to the appropriate authorities for prosecution.
(iii) You may not possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export by any means whatsoever any of the identified fishes,
or parts thereof, that are taken or possessed in violation of paragraph
(e)(3) of this section or in violation of the applicable State fish and
wildlife laws or regulations or the Act.
(iv) You may not attempt to commit, solicit another to commit, or
cause to be committed any offense defined in paragraph (e)(3) of this
section.
(4) What take is allowed in the NEP area? Take of this species that
is incidental to an otherwise legal activity, such as recreation (e.g.,
fishing, boating, wading, trapping, or swimming), forestry, agriculture,
and other activities that are in accordance with Federal, State, and
local laws and regulations, is allowed.
[[Page 164]]
(5) How will the effectiveness of these reintroductions be
monitored? We will prepare periodic progress reports and fully evaluate
these reintroduction efforts after 5 and 10 years to determine whether
to continue or terminate the reintroduction efforts.
(6) Note: Map of the NEP area for the yellowfin madtom in the
Tellico River, Tennessee, appears immediately following paragraph (m)(5)
of this section.
(f) Guam Rail (Rallus owstoni). (1) The Guam rail population
identified in paragraph (f)(7) of this section is a nonessential
experimental population.
(2) No person shall take this species, except:
(i) In accordance with a valid permit issued by the Service under
Sec. 17.32 for educational purposes, scientific purposes, the
enhancement of propagation or survival of the species, zoological
exhibition, and other conservation purposes consistent with the Act; or
(ii) As authorized by the laws and regulations of the Commonwealth
of the Northern Mariana Islands, after the Service has made the
determination that the experimental population has become well
established and occupies all suitable habitat island-wide.
(3) Any employee of the Service, the Commonwealth of the Northern
Mariana Islands Division of Fish and Wildlife, or the Guam Division of
Aquatic and Wildlife Resources who is designated for such purposes, may,
when acting in the course of official duties, take a Guam rail without a
permit if such action is necessary to:
(i) Aid a sick, injured, or orphaned specimen;
(ii) Dispose of a dead specimen;
(iii) Salvage a dead specimen that may be useful for scientific
study; or
(iv) Take an animal that is responsible for depredations to personal
property if it has not been possible to otherwise eliminate such
depredations and/or loss of personal property, provided that such taking
must be done in a humane manner and may involve injuring or killing the
bird only if it has not been possible to eliminate depredations by live
capturing and releasing the specimen unharmed in other suitable
habitats.
(4) Any violation of applicable commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
Islands fish and wildlife conservation laws or regulations with respect
to the taking of this species (other than taking as described in
paragraph (f)(2)(ii) of this section) will also be a violation of the
Endangered Species Act.
(5) No person shall possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export by any means whatsoever, any such species taken in
violation of these regulations or in violation of applicable
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands fish and wildlife laws or
regulations or the Endangered Species Act.
(6) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit
another to commit, or cause to be committed, any offense defined in
paragraphs (f) (2) through (5) of this section.
(7) The sites for introduction of Guam rails on Rota, Commonwealth
of the Northern Mariana Islands, are on an island separated from Guam by
50 kilometers of ocean. The last known observation of an individual of
this species occurred near the northern tip of Guam, which is closest to
the island of Rota. No intermingling of these populations will occur
since this species has been extirpated in the wild on Guam. The Rota
release sites are of necessity outside the historic range of the Guam
rail, as described in this regulation, because its primary range has
been unsuitably and irreversibly destroyed by the brown tree snake.
(8) The nonessential experimental population on Rota will be checked
periodically by staff of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
Islands Division of Fish and Wildlife and cooperating staff from the
University of Tennessee to determine dispersal patterns, mortality, and
reproductive success. The overall success of the releases and general
health of the population will also be assessed.
(g) Black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes).
(1) The black-footed ferret populations identified in paragraph
(g)(9)(i) through (vii) of this section are nonessential experimental
populations. We will manage each of these populations in accordance with
their respective management plans.
[[Page 165]]
(2) No person may take this species in the wild in the experimental
population area, except as provided in paragraphs (g)(3), (4), (5), and
(10) of this section.
(3) Any person with a valid permit issued by the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service (Service) under section 17.32 may take black-footed
ferrets in the wild in the experimental population areas.
(4) Any employee or agent of the Service or appropriate State
wildlife agency designated for such purposes, acting in the course of
official duties, may take a black-footed ferret in the wild in the
experimental population areas if such action is necessary:
(i) For scientific purposes;
(ii) To relocate a ferret to avoid conflict with human activities;
(iii) To relocate a ferret that has moved outside the Little Snake
Black-footed Ferret Management Area/Coyote Basin Primary Management Zone
or the Rosebud Sioux Reservation Experimental Population Area when that
relocation is necessary to protect the ferret or is requested by an
affected landowner or land manager, or whose removal is requested
pursuant to paragraph (g)(12) of this section.
(iv) To relocate ferrets within the experimental population area to
improve ferret survival and recovery prospects;
(v) To relocate ferrets from the experimental population areas into
other ferret reintroduction areas or captivity;
(vi) To aid a sick, injured, or orphaned animal; or
(vii) To salvage a dead specimen for scientific purposes.
(5) A person may take a ferret in the wild within the experimental
population areas, provided such take is incidental to and not the
purpose of, the carrying out of an otherwise lawful activity and if such
ferret injury or mortality was unavoidable, unintentional, and did not
result from negligent conduct. Such conduct is not considered
intentional or ``knowing take'' for the purposes of this regulation, and
the Service will not take legal action for such conduct. However, we
will refer cases of knowing take to the appropriate authorities for
prosecution.
(6) You must report any taking pursuant to paragraphs (g)(3),
(4)(vi) and (vii), and (5) of this section to the appropriate Service
Field Supervisor, who will determine the disposition of any live or dead
specimens.
(i) Report such taking in the Shirley Basin/Medicine Bow
experimental population area to the Field Supervisor, Ecological
Services, Fish and Wildlife Service, Cheyenne, Wyoming (telephone: 307/
772-2374).
(ii) Report such taking in the Conata Basin/Badlands experimental
population area to the Field Supervisor, Ecological Services, Fish and
Wildlife Service, Pierre, South Dakota (telephone: 605/224-8693).
(iii) Report such taking in the northcentral Montana experimental
population area to the Field Supervisor, Ecological Services, Fish and
Wildlife Service, Helena, Montana (telephone: 406/449-5225).
(iv) Report such taking in the Aubrey Valley experimental population
area to the Field Supervisor, Ecological Services, Fish and Wildlife
Service, Phoenix, Arizona (telephone: 602/640-2720).
(v) Report such taking in the northwestern Colorado/northeastern
Utah experimental population area to the appropriate Field Supervisor,
Ecological Services, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Lakewood, Colorado
(telephone: 303/275-2370), or Salt Lake City, Utah (telephone: 801/524-
5001).
(vi) Report such taking in the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe
Experimental Population Area to the Field Supervisor, Ecological
Services, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pierre, South Dakota
(telephone 605/224-8693).
(vii) Report such taking in the Rosebud Sioux Reservation
Experimental Population Area to the Field Supervisor, Ecological
Services, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pierre, South Dakota
(telephone 605/224-8693).
(7) No person shall possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export by any means whatsoever, any ferret or part thereof
from the experimental populations taken in violation of these
regulations or in violation of applicable State fish and wildlife laws
or regulations or the Endangered Species Act.
[[Page 166]]
(8) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit
another to commit, or cause to commit, any offense defined in paragraphs
(g)(2) and (7) of this section.
(9) The sites for reintroduction of black-footed ferrets are within
the historical range of the species.
(i) We consider the Shirley Basin/Medicine Bow Management Area on
the attached map of Wyoming to be the core recovery area for this
species in southeastern Wyoming. The boundaries of the nonessential
experimental population are that part of Wyoming south and east of the
North Platte River within Natrona, Carbon, and Albany Counties (see
Wyoming map). All marked ferrets found in the wild within these
boundaries prior to the first breeding season following the first year
of releases constituted the nonessential experimental population during
this period. All ferrets found in the wild within these boundaries
during and after the first breeding season following the first year of
releases comprise the nonessential experimental population, thereafter.
(ii) We consider the Conata Basin/Badlands Reintroduction Area on
the attached map for South Dakota to be the core recovery area for this
species in southwestern South Dakota. The boundaries of the nonessential
experimental population area occur north of State Highway 44 and BIA
Highway 2 east of the Cheyenne River and BIA Highway 41, south of I-90,
and west of State Highway 73 within Pennington, Shannon, and Jackson
Counties, South Dakota. Any black-footed ferret found in the wild within
these boundaries is part of the nonessential experimental population
after the first breeding season following the first year of releases of
black-footed ferret in the Reintroduction Area. A black-footed ferret
occurring outside the experimental population area in South Dakota is
considered as endangered but may be captured for genetic testing. We
will dispose of the captured animal in one of the following ways if
necessary:
(A) We may return an animal genetically related to the experimental
population to the Reintroduction Area or to a captive facility.
(B) Under an existing contingency plan, we will use up to nine
black-footed ferrets genetically unrelated to the experimental
population in the captive-breeding program. If a landowner outside the
experimental population area wishes to retain black-footed ferrets on
his property, we will develop a conservation agreement or easement with
the landowner.
(iii) We consider the Northcentral Montana Reintroduction Area shown
on the attached map for Montana to be the core recovery area for this
species in northcentral Montana. The boundaries of the nonessential
experimental population are those parts of Phillips and Blaine Counties,
Montana, described as the area bounded on the north beginning at the
northwest corner of the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation on the Milk
River; east following the Milk River to the east Phillips County line;
then south along said line to the Missouri River; then west along the
Missouri River to the west boundary of Phillips County; then north along
said county line to the west boundary of Fort Belknap Indian
Reservation; then further north along said boundary to the point of
origin at the Milk River. All marked ferrets found in the wild within
these boundaries prior to the first breeding season following the first
year of releases constituted the nonessential experimental population
during this period. All ferrets found in the wild within these
boundaries during and after the first breeding season following the
first year of releases comprise the nonessential experimental population
thereafter. A black-footed ferret occurring outside the experimental
area in Montana is initially considered as endangered but may be
captured for genetic testing. We will dispose of the captured animal in
one of the following ways if necessary:
(A) We may return an animal genetically related to the experimental
population to the reintroduction area or to a captive facility.
(B) Under an existing contingency plan, we will use up to nine
black-footed ferrets genetically unrelated to the experimental
population in the captive-breeding program. If a landowner outside the
experimental population
[[Page 167]]
area wishes to retain black-footed ferrets on his property, we will
develop a conservation agreement or easement with the landowner.
(iv) We consider the Aubrey Valley Experimental Population Area
shown on the attached map for Arizona to be the core recovery area for
this species in northwestern Arizona. The boundary of the nonessential
experimental population area is those parts of Coconino, Mohave, and
Yavapai Counties that include the Aubrey Valley west of the Aubrey
Cliffs, starting from Chino Point, north along the crest of the Aubrey
cliffs to the Supai Road (State Route 18), southwest along the Supai
Road to Township 26 North, then west to Range 11 West, then south to the
Hualapai Indian Reservation boundary, then east and northeast along the
Hualapai Indian Reservation boundary to U.S. Highway Route 66; then
southeast along Route 66 for approximately 6 km (2.3 miles) to a point
intercepting the east boundary of section 27, Township 25 North, Range 9
West; then south along a line to where the Atchison-Topeka Railroad
enters Yampa Divide Canyon; then southeast along the Atchison-Topeka
Railroad alignment to the intersection of the Range 9 West/Range 8 West
boundary; then south to the SE corner of section 12, Township 24 North,
Range 9 West; then southeast to SE corner section 20, Township 24 West,
Range 8 West; then south to the SE corner section 29, Township 24 North,
Range 8 West; then southeast to the half section point on the east
boundary line of section 33, Township 24 North, Range 8 West; then
northeast to the SE corner of section 27, Township 24 North, Range 8
West; then southeast to the SE corner Section 35, Township 24 North,
Range 8 West; then southeast to the half section point on the east
boundary line of section 12, Township 23 North, Range 8 West; then
southeast to the SE corner of section 8, Township 23 North, Range 7
West; then southeast to the SE corner of section 16, Township 23 North,
Range 7 West; then east to the half section point of the north boundary
line of section 14, Township 23 North, Range 7 West; then south to the
half section point on the north boundary line of section 26, Township 23
North, Range 7 West; then east along section line to route 66; then
southeast along route 66 to the point of origin at Chino Point. Any
black-footed ferrets found in the wild within these boundaries is part
of the nonessential experimental population after the first breeding
season following the first year of releases of ferrets into the
reintroduction area. A black-footed ferret occurring outside the
experimental area in Arizona is initially considered as endangered but
may be captured for genetic testing. We will dispose of the captured
animal in one of the following ways if necessary:
(A) We may return an animal genetically related to the experimental
population to the reintroduction area or to a captive facility. If a
landowner outside the experimental population area wishes to retain
black-footed ferrets on his property, we will develop a conservation
agreement or easement with the landowner.
(B) Under an existing contingency plan, we will use up to nine
black-footed ferrets genetically unrelated to the experimental
population in the captive-breeding program. If a landowner outside the
experimental population area wishes to retain black-footed ferrets on
his property, we will develop a conservation agreement or easement with
the landowner.
(v) We consider the Little Snake Black-footed Ferret Management Area
in Colorado and the Coyote Basin Black-footed Ferret Primary Management
Zone in Utah as the initial recovery sites for this species within the
Northwestern Colorado/Northeastern Utah Experimental Population Area
(see Colorado/Utah map). The boundaries of the nonessential Experimental
Population Area will be all of Moffat and Rio Blanco Counties in
Colorado west of Colorado State Highway 13; all of Uintah and Duchesne
Counties in Utah; and in Sweetwater County, Wyoming, the line between
Range 96 and 97 West (eastern edge), Range 102 and 103 West (western
edge), and Township 14 and 15 North (northern edge). All marked ferrets
found in the wild within these boundaries prior to the first breeding
season following the first year of release will constitute the
nonessential experimental population during this period. All ferrets
found in the
[[Page 168]]
wild within these boundaries during and after the first breeding season
following the first year of releases of ferrets into the reintroduction
area will comprise the nonessential experimental population thereafter.
A black-footed ferret occurring outside the Experimental Population Area
is initially considered as endangered but may be captured for genetic
testing. We will dispose of the captured animal in one of the following
ways if necessary:
(A) We may return an animal genetically related to the experimental
population to the Reintroduction Area or to a captive facility.
(B) Under an existing contingency plan, we will use up to nine
black-footed ferrets genetically unrelated to the experimental
population in the captive-breeding program. If a landowner outside the
experimental population area wishes to retain black-footed ferrets on
his property, we will develop a conservation agreement or easement with
the landowner.
(vi) The Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe Reintroduction Area is shown on
the map of north-central South Dakota at the end of paragraph (g) of
this section. The boundaries of the nonessential experimental population
area are the exterior boundaries of the Cheyenne River Sioux Reservation
which includes all of Dewey and Ziebach Counties, South Dakota. Any
black-footed ferret found in the wild within these counties will be
considered part of the nonessential experimental population after the
first breeding season following the first year of black-footed ferret
release. A black-footed ferret occurring outside the Experimental
Population Area in north-central South Dakota would initially be
considered as endangered but may be captured for genetic testing. When a
ferret is found outside the Experimental Population Area, the following
may occur:
(A) If an animal is genetically determined to have originated from
the experimental population, we may return it to the reintroduction area
or to a captive-breeding facility.
(B) If an animal is determined to be genetically unrelated to the
experimental population, we will place it in captivity under an existing
contingency plan. Up to nine black-footed ferrets may be taken for use
in the captive-breeding program.
(vii) The Rosebud Sioux Reservation Experimental Population Area is
shown on the map of south-central South Dakota at the end of paragraph
(g) of this section. The boundaries of the nonessential experimental
population area include all of Gregory, Mellette, Todd, and Tripp
Counties in South Dakota. Any black-footed ferret found within these
four counties will be considered part of the nonessential experimental
population after the first breeding season following the first year of
black-footed ferret release. A black-footed ferret occurring outside the
nonessential experimental population area in south-central South Dakota
will initially be considered as endangered but may be captured for
genetic testing. If necessary, disposition of the captured animal may
occur in the following ways:
(A) If an animal is genetically determined to have originated from
the experimental population, we may return it to the reintroduction area
or to a captive-breeding facility.
(B) If an animal is determined to be genetically unrelated to the
experimental population, we will place it in captivity under an existing
contingency plan. Up to nine black-footed ferrets may be taken for use
in the captive-breeding program.
(10) Monitoring the reintroduced populations will occur continually
during the life of the project, including the use of radio telemetry and
other remote sensing devices, as appropriate. Vaccination of all
released animals will occur prior to release, as appropriate, to prevent
diseases prevalent in mustelids. Any animal that is sick, injured, or
otherwise in need of special care may be captured by authorized
personnel of the Service or appropriate State wildlife agency or their
agents and given appropriate care. Such an animal may be released back
to its appropriate reintroduction area or another authorized site as
soon as possible, unless physical or behavioral problems make it
necessary to return the animal to captivity.
(11) We will reevaluate the status of the experimental population
within the first five years after the first year of
[[Page 169]]
release of black-footed ferrets to determine future management needs.
This review will take into account the reproductive success and movement
patterns of the individuals released into the area, as well as the
overall health of the experimental population and the prairie dog
ecosystem in the above described areas. We will propose reclassification
of the black-footed ferret when we meet the appropriate recovery
objectives for the species.
(12) We will not include a reevaluation of the ``nonessential
experimental'' designation for these populations during our review of
the initial five year reintroduction program. We do not foresee any
likely situation justifying alteration of the nonessential experimental
status of these populations. Should any such alteration prove necessary
and it results in a substantial modification to black-footed ferret
management on non-Federal lands, any private landowner who consented to
the introduction of black-footed ferrets on their lands may rescind
their consent, and at their request, we will relocate the ferrets
pursuant to paragraph (g)(4)(iii) of this section.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN91.003
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[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR16MY03.021
(h) Whooping crane (Grus americana). (1) The whooping crane
populations identified in paragraphs (h)(9)(i) through (iii) of this
section are nonessential experimental populations.
[[Page 176]]
(2) No person may take this species in the wild in the experimental
population areas except when such take is accidental and incidental to
an otherwise lawful activity, or as provided in paragraphs (h)(3) and
(4) of this section. Examples of otherwise lawful activities include,
but are not limited to, agricultural practices, pesticide application,
water management, construction, recreation, trapping, or hunting, when
such activities are in full compliance with all applicable laws and
regulations.
(3) Any person with a valid permit issued by the Fish and Wildlife
Service (Service) under Sec. 17.32 may take whooping cranes in the wild
in the experimental population area for educational purposes, scientific
purposes, the enhancement of propagation or survival of the species, and
other conservation purposes consistent with the Act and in accordance
with applicable State fish and wildlife conservation laws and
regulations.
(4) Any employee or agent of the Service or State wildlife agency
who is designated for such purposes, when acting in the course of
official duties, may take a whooping crane in the wild in the
experimental population area if such action is necessary to:
(i) Relocate a whooping crane to avoid conflict with human
activities;
(ii) Relocate a whooping crane that has moved outside the eastern
U.S. population area identified in paragraph (h)(9)(iii) of this
section, or the Kissimmee Prairie or Rocky Mountain range of the
experimental populations, when removal is necessary or requested and is
authorized by a valid permit under Sec. 17.22;
(iii) Relocate whooping cranes within the experimental population
areas to improve survival and recovery prospects;
(iv) Relocate whooping cranes from the experimental population areas
into captivity;
(v) Aid a sick, injured, or orphaned specimen; or
(vi) Dispose of a dead specimen, or salvage a dead specimen which
may be useful for scientific study.
(5) Any taking pursuant to paragraphs (h)(3) and (4) of this section
must be immediately reported to the National Whooping Crane Coordinator,
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, P.O. Box 100, Austwell, Texas 77950
(Phone: 361-286-3559), who, in conjunction with his counterpart in the
Canadian Wildlife Service, will determine the disposition of any live or
dead specimens.
(6) No person shall possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export by any means whatsoever, any such species from the
experimental populations taken in violation of these regulations or in
violation of applicable State fish and wildlife laws or regulations or
the Endangered Species Act.
(7) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit
another to commit, or cause to be committed, any offense defined in
paragraphs (h) (2) through (6) of this section.
(8) The Service will not mandate any closure of areas, including
National Wildlife Refuges, during hunting or conservation order seasons
or closure or modification of hunting or conservation order seasons in
the following situations:
(i) For the purpose of avoiding take of the nonessential
experimental population identified in paragraph (h)(9)(iii) of this
section;
(ii) If a clearly marked whooping crane from the nonessential
experimental population identified in (h)(9)(iii) wanders outside the
designated NEP area. In these situations, the Service will attempt to
capture the stray bird and return it to the appropriate area if removal
is requested by the State.
(9) All whooping cranes found in the wild within the boundaries
listed in paragraphs (h)(9)(i) through (iii) of this section will be
considered nonessential experimental animals. Geographic areas the
nonessential experimental populations may inhabit include the
following--
(i) The entire State of Florida. The reintroduction site is the
Kissimmee Prairie portions of Polk, Osceola, Highlands, and Okeechobee
Counties. Current information indicates that the Kissimmee Prairie is
within the historic range of the whooping crane in Florida.
(A) No other natural populations of whooping cranes are likely to
come into contact with the experimental
[[Page 177]]
population at Kissimmee Prairie. The only natural extant population,
known as the Aransas/Wood Buffalo National Park population occurs well
west of the Mississippi River. This population nests in the Northwest
Territories and adjacent areas of Alberta, Canada, primarily within the
boundaries of the Wood Buffalo National Park, and winters along the
Central Texas Gulf of Mexico coast at Aransas National Wildlife Refuge.
The only other extant eastern U.S. population is the nonessential
experimental population described in paragraph (h)(9)(iii) of this
section. Remnant individuals of the Rocky Mountain nonessential
experimental population occur in the western United States as described
in paragraph (h)(9)(ii) of this section.
(B) Whooping cranes adhere to ancestral breeding grounds, leaving
little possibility that individuals from the extant Aransas/Wood Buffalo
National Park population will stray into Florida or the Rocky Mountain
Population. Studies of whooping cranes have shown that migration is a
learned rather than an innate behavior. The experimental population
released at Kissimmee Prairie is expected to remain mostly within the
prairie region of central Florida.
(ii) The States of Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, Utah, and the
western half of Wyoming. Wooping cranes in this area do not come in
contact with whooping cranes of the Aransas/Wood Buffalo Population; and
(iii) That portion of the eastern contiguous United States which
includes the States of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois,
Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi,
Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia,
West Virginia, and Wisconsin. (See map following paragraph (h)(11) of
this section). Whooping cranes within this population are expected to
occur mostly within the States of Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana,
Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia, and Florida, which is within the historic
range of the whooping crane in the United States. The additional States
included within the experimental population area are those expected to
receive occasional use by the cranes, or which may be used as breeding
or wintering areas in the event of future population expansion. Whooping
cranes in this population are not expected to come in contact with
whooping cranes of the Aransas/Wood Buffalo National Park Population.
(10) The reintroduced populations will be monitored during the
duration of the projects by the use of radio telemetry and other
appropriate measures. Any animal that is determined to be sick, injured,
or otherwise in need of special care will be recaptured to the extent
possible by Service and/or State wildlife personnel or their designated
agent and given appropriate care. Such animals will be released back to
the wild as soon as possible, unless physical or behavioral problems
make it necessary to return them to a captive breeding facility.
(11) The status of the experimental populations will be reevaluated
periodically to determine future management needs. This review will take
into account the reproductive success and movement patterns of the
individuals released within the experimental population areas.
[[Page 178]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26JN01.031
(i) Gray wolf (Canis lupus). (1) The gray wolves (wolf) identified
in paragraph (i)(7) of this section are nonessential experimental. These
wolves will be managed in accordance with the respective provisions of
this section.
(2) The Service finds that reintroduction of nonessential
experimental gray wolves, as defined in (i)(7) of this section, will
further the conservation of the species.
(3) No person may take this species in the wild in an experimental
population area except as provided in paragraphs (i)(3), (7), and (8) of
this section.
(i) Landowners on their private land and livestock producers (i.e.,
producers of cattle, sheep, horses, and mules or as defined in State and
tribal wolf management plans as approved by the Service) that are
legally using public land (Federal land and any other public lands
designated in State and tribal wolf management plans as approved by the
Service) may harass any wolf in an opportunistic (the wolf cannot be
purposely attracted, tracked, waited for, or searched out, then
harassed) and noninjurious (no temporary or permanent physical damage
may result) manner at any time, Provided that such harassment is non-
lethal or is not physically injurious to the gray wolf and is reported
within 7 days to the Service project leader for wolf reintroduction or
agency representative designated by the Service.
(ii) Any livestock producers on their private land may take
(including to kill or injure) a wolf in the act of killing, wounding, or
biting livestock (cattle, sheep, horses, and mules or as defined in
State and tribal wolf management plans as approved by the Service),
Provided that such incidents are to be immediately reported within 24
hours to the Service project leader for wolf reintroduction or agency
representative designated by the Service, and livestock freshly (less
than 24 hours) wounded (torn flesh and bleeding) or killed by wolves
must be evident. Service or other Service authorized agencies will
confirm if livestock were wounded or killed by wolves. The taking of any
wolf without such evidence may be referred to the appropriate
authorities for prosecution.
[[Page 179]]
(iii) Any livestock producer or permittee with livestock grazing
allotments on public land may receive a written permit, valid for up to
45 days, from the Service or other agencies designated by the Service,
to take (including to kill or injure) a wolf that is in the act of
killing, wounding, or biting livestock (cattle, sheep, horses, and mules
or as defined in State and tribal wolf management plans as approved by
the Service), Provided that six or more breeding pairs of wolves have
been documented in the experimental population area and the Service or
other agencies authorized by the Service has confirmed that the
livestock losses were caused by wolves and have completed agency efforts
to resolve the problem. Such take must be reported immediately within 24
hours to the Service project leader for wolf reintroduction or agency
representative designated by the Service. There must be evidence of
freshly wounded or killed livestock by wolves. Service or other Service
authorized agencies will investigate and determine if the livestock were
wounded or killed by wolves. The taking of any wolf without such
evidence may be referred to the appropriate authorities for prosecution.
(iv) Potentially affected States and tribes may capture and
translocate wolves to other areas within an experimental population area
as described in paragraph (i)(7), Provided the level of wolf predation
is negatively impacting localized ungulate populations at an
unacceptable level. Such translocations cannot inhibit wolf population
recovery. The States and tribes will define such unacceptable impacts,
how they would be measured, and identify other possible mitigation in
their State or tribal wolf management plans. These plans must be
approved by the Service before such movement of wolves may be conducted.
(v) The Service, or agencies authorized by the Service, may promptly
remove (place in captivity or kill) any wolf the Service or agency
authorized by the Service determines to present a threat to human life
or safety.
(vi) Any person may harass or take (kill or injure) a wolf in self
defense or in defense of others, Provided that such take is reported
immediately (within 24 hours) to the Service reintroduction project
leader or Service designated agent. The taking of a wolf without an
immediate and direct threat to human life may be referred to the
appropriate authorities for prosecution.
(vii) The Service or agencies designated by the Service may take
wolves that are determined to be ``problem'' wolves. Problem wolves are
defined as wolves that in a calendar year attack livestock (cattle,
sheep, horses, and mules) or as defined by State and tribal wolf
management plans approved by the Service or wolves that twice in a
calendar year attack domestic animals (all domestic animals other than
livestock). Authorized take includes, but is not limited to non-lethal
measures such as: aversive conditioning, nonlethal control, and/or
translocating wolves. Such taking may be done when five or fewer
breeding pairs are established in a experimental population area. If the
take results in a wolf mortality, then evidence that the mortality was
nondeliberate, accidental, nonnegligent, and unavoidable must be
provided. When six or more breeding pairs are established in the
experimental population area, lethal control of problem wolves or
permanent placement in captivity will be authorized but only after other
methods to resolve livestock depredations have been exhausted.
Depredations occurring on Federal lands or other public lands identified
in State or tribal wolf management plans and prior to six breeding pairs
becoming established in an experimental population area may result in
capture and release of the female wolf with pups, and her pups at or
near the site of capture prior to October 1. All wolves on private land,
including female wolves with pups, may be relocated or moved to other
areas within the experimental population area if continued depredation
occurs. Wolves attacking domestic animals other than livestock,
including pets on private land, two or more times in a calendar year
will be relocated. All chronic problem wolves (wolves that depredate on
domestic animals after being moved once for previous domestic animal
depredations) will be removed from the wild (killed or placed
[[Page 180]]
in captivity). The following three criteria will be used in determining
the status of problem wolves within the nonessential experimental
population area:
(A) There must be evidence of wounded livestock or partial remains
of a livestock carcass that clearly shows that the injury or death was
caused by wolves. Such evidence is essential since wolves may feed on
carrion which they found and did not kill. There must be reason to
believe that additional livestock losses would occur if no control
action is taken.
(B) There must be no evidence of artificial or intentional feeding
of wolves. Improperly disposed of livestock carcasses in the area of
depredation will be considered attractants. Livestock carrion or
carcasses on public land, not being used as bait under an agency
authorized control action, must be removed or otherwise disposed so that
it will not attract wolves.
(C) On public lands, animal husbandry practices previously
identified in existing approved allotment plans and annual operating
plans for allotments must have been followed.
(viii) Any person may take a gray wolf found in an area defined in
paragraph (i)(7), Provided that the take is incidental to an otherwise
lawful activity, accidental, unavoidable, unintentional, not resulting
from negligent conduct lacking reasonable due care, and due care was
exercised to avoid taking a gray wolf. Such taking is to be reported
within 24 hours to a Service or Service-designated authority. Take that
does not conform with such provisions may be referred to the appropriate
authorities for prosecution.
(ix) Service or other Federal, State, or tribal personnel may
receive written authorization from the Service to take animals under
special circumstances. Wolves may be live captured and translocated to
resolve demonstrated conflicts with ungulate populations or with other
species listed under the Act, or when they are found outside of the
designated experimental population area. Take procedures in such
instances would involve live capture and release to a remote area or
placement in a captive facility, if the animal is clearly unfit to
remain in the wild. Killing of wolves will be a last resort and is only
authorized when live capture attempts have failed or there is clear
endangerment to human life.
(x) Any person with a valid permit issued by the Service under Sec.
17.32 may take wolves in the wild in the experimental population area,
pursuant to terms of the permit.
(xi) Any employee or agent of the Service or appropriate Federal,
State, or tribal agency, who is designated in writing for such purposes
by the Service, when acting in the course of official duties, may take a
wolf from the wild within the experimental population area, if such
action is for:
(A) Scientific purposes;
(B) To relocate wolves to avoid conflict with human activities;
(C) To relocate wolves within the experimental population areas to
improve wolf survival and recovery prospects;
(D) To relocate wolves that have moved outside the experimental
population area back into the experimental population area;
(E) To aid or euthanize sick, injured, or orphaned wolves;
(F) To salvage a dead specimen which may be used for scientific
study; or
(G) To aid in law enforcement investigations involving wolves.
(xii) Any taking pursuant to this section must be reported
immediately (within 24 hours) to the appropriate Service or Service-
designated agency, which will determine the disposition of any live or
dead specimens.
(4) Human access to areas with facilities where wolves are confined
may be restricted at the discretion of Federal, State, and tribal land
management agencies. When five or fewer breeding pairs are in an
experimental population area, land-use restrictions may also be employed
on an as-needed basis, at the discretion of Federal land management and
natural resources agencies to control intrusive human disturbance around
active wolf den sites. Such temporary restrictions on human access, when
five or fewer breeding pairs are established in an experimental
population area, may be required between April 1 and June 30, within 1
mile of active wolf den or rendezvous sites and would only apply to
public lands or
[[Page 181]]
other such lands designated in State and tribal wolf management plans.
When six or more breeding pairs are established in an experimental
population area, no land-use restrictions may be employed outside of
national parks or national wildlife refuges, unless wolf populations
fail to maintain positive growth rates toward population recovery levels
for 2 consecutive years. If such a situation arose, State and tribal
agencies would identify, recommend, and implement corrective management
actions within 1 year, possibly including appropriate land-use
restrictions to promote growth of the wolf population.
(5) No person shall possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export by any means whatsoever, any wolf or part thereof from
the experimental populations taken in violation of the regulations in
paragraph (i) of this section or in violation of applicable State or
tribal fish and wildlife laws or regulations or the Endangered Species
Act.
(6) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit
another to commit, or cause to be committed any offense defined in this
section.
(7) The site for reintroduction is within the historic range of the
species:
(i) The central Idaho area is shown on the following map. The
boundaries of the nonessential experimental population area will be
those portions of Idaho that are south of Interstate Highway 90 and west
of Interstate 15, and those portions of Montana south of Interstate 90,
Highway 93 and 12 from Missoula, Montana west of Interstate 15.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN91.007
(ii) The Yellowstone Management Area is shown on the following map.
The boundaries of the nonessential experimental population area will be
that portion of Idaho that is east of Interstate Highway 15; that
portion of Montana that is east of Interstate Highway 15 and south of
the Missouri River from Great Falls, Montana, to the eastern Montana
border; and all of Wyoming.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN91.008
(iii) All wolves found in the wild within the boundaries of this
paragraph (i)(7) after the first releases will be considered
nonessential experimental animals. In the conterminous United States, a
wolf that is outside an
[[Page 182]]
experimental area (as defined in paragraph (i)(7) of this section) would
be considered as endangered (or threatened if in Minnesota) unless it is
marked or otherwise known to be an experimental animal; such a wolf may
be captured for examination and genetic testing by the Service or
Service-designated agency. Disposition of the captured animal may take
any of the following courses:
(A) If the animal was not involved in conflicts with humans and is
determined likely to be an experimental wolf, it will be returned to the
reintroduction area.
(B) If the animal is determined likely to be an experimental wolf
and was involved in conflicts with humans as identified in the
management plan for the closest experimental area, it may be relocated,
placed in captivity, or killed.
(C) If the animal is determined not likely to be an experimental
animal, it will be managed according to any Service approved plans for
that area or will be marked and released near its point of capture.
(D) If the animal is determined not to be a wild gray wolf or if the
Service or agencies designated by the Service determine the animal shows
physical or behavioral evidence of hybridization with other canids, such
as domestic dogs or coyotes, or of being an animal raised in captivity,
it will be returned to captivity or killed.
(8) The reintroduced wolves will be monitored during the life of the
project, including by the use of radio telemetry and other remote
sensing devices as appropriate. All released animals will be vaccinated
against diseases and parasites prevalent in canids, as appropriate,
prior to release and during subsequent handling. Any animal that is
sick, injured, or otherwise in need of special care may be captured by
authorized personnel of the Service or Service-designated agencies and
given appropriate care. Such an animal will be released back into its
respective reintroduction area as soon as possible, unless physical or
behavioral problems make it necessary to return the animal to captivity
or euthanize it.
(9) The status of the experimental population will be reevaluated
within the first 3 years, after the first year of releases of wolves, to
determine future management needs and if further reintroductions are
required. This review will take into account the reproductive success
and movement patterns of the individuals released in the area, as well
as the overall health and fate of the experimental wolves. Once recovery
goals are met for downlisting or delisting the species, a rule will be
proposed to address downlisting or delisting.
(10) The Service does not intend to reevaluate the ``nonessential
experimental'' designation. The Service does not foresee any likely
situation which would result in changing the nonessential experimental
status until the gray wolf is recovered and delisted in the northern
Rocky Mountains according to provisions outlined in the Act. However, if
the wolf population does not demonstrate positive growth toward recovery
goals for 2 consecutive years, the affected States and tribes, in
cooperation with the Service, would, within 1 year, identify and
initiate wolf management strategies, including appropriate public review
and comment, to ensure continued wolf population growth toward recovery
levels. All reintroduced wolves designated as nonessential experimental
will be removed from the wild and the experimental population status and
regulations revoked when (i) legal actions or lawsuits change the wolves
status to endangered under the Act or (ii) within 90 days of the initial
release date, naturally occurring wolves, consisting of two breeding
pairs that for 2 consecutive years have each successfully raised two
offspring, are discovered in the experimental population area. The
naturally occurring wolves would be managed and protected as endangered
species under the Act.
(j) California condor (Gymnogyps californianus). (1) The California
condor (Gymnogyps californianus) population identified in paragraph
(j)(8) of this section is a nonessential experimental population, and
the release of such population will further the conservation of the
species.
(2) You must not take any California condor in the wild in the
experimental population area except as provided by this rule:
[[Page 183]]
(i) Throughout the entire California condor experimental population
area, you will not be in violation of the Endangered Species Act (Act)
if you unavoidably and unintentionally take (including killing or
injuring) a California condor, provided such take is non-negligent and
incidental to a lawful activity, such as hunting, driving, or
recreational activities, and you report the take as soon as possible as
provided under paragraph 5 below.
(ii) [Reserved]
(3) If you have a valid permit issued by the Service under Sec.
17.32, you may take California condors in the wild in the experimental
population area, pursuant to the terms of the permit.
(4) Any employee or agent of the Fish and Wildlife Service
(Service), Bureau of Land Management or appropriate State wildlife
agency, who is designated for such purposes, when acting in the course
of official duties, may take a California condor from the wild in the
experimental population area and vicinity if such action is necessary:
(i) For scientific purposes;
(ii) To relocate California condors within the experimental
population area to improve condor survival, and to address conflicts
with ongoing or proposed activities, or with private landowners, when
removal is necessary to protect the condor, or is requested by an
adversely affected landowner or land manager, or other adversely
affected party. Adverse effects and requests for condor relocation will
be documented, reported and resolved in as an expedient manner as
appropriate to the specific situation to protect condors and avoid
conflicts. Prior to any efforts to relocate condors, the Service will
obtain permission from the appropriate landowner(s);
(iii) To relocate California condors that have moved outside the
experimental population area, by returning the condor to the
experimental population area or moving it to a captive breeding
facility. All captures and relocations from outside the experimental
population area will be coordinated with Service Cooperators, and
conducted with the permission of the landowner(s) or appropriate land
management agency(s).
(iv) To aid a sick, injured, or orphaned California condor;
(v) To salvage a dead specimen that may be useful for scientific
study; or
(vi) To dispose of a dead specimen.
(5) Any taking pursuant to paragraphs (j)(2), (j)(4)(iv), (j)(4)(v),
and (j)(4)(vi), of this section must be reported as soon as possible to
the Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological
Services, Arizona Field Office, Phoenix, 2321 W. Royal Palm Road, Suite
103, Arizona (telephone 602/640-2720) who will determine the disposition
of any live or dead specimens.
(6) You must not possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export by any means whatsoever, any California condor or part
thereof from the experimental population taken in violation of this
paragraph (j) or in violation of applicable State or Tribal laws or
regulations or the Act.
(7) It is unlawful for you to attempt to commit, solicit another to
commit, or cause to be committed, any offense defined in paragraphs
(j)(2) and (j)(6) of this section.
(8) The designated experimental population area of the California
condor includes portions of three states--Arizona, Nevada, and Utah. The
southern boundary is Interstate Highway 40 in Arizona from its junction
with Highway 191 west across Arizona to Kingman; the western boundary
starts at Kingman, goes northwest on Highway 93 to Interstate Highway
15, continues northeasterly on Interstate Highway 15 in Nevada and Utah,
to Interstate Highway 70 in Utah; where the northern boundary starts and
goes across Utah to Highway 191; where the eastern boundary starts and
goes south through Utah until Highway 191 meets Interstate Highway 40 in
Arizona (See map at end of this paragraph (j)).
(i) All California condors released into the experimental population
area, and their offspring, are to be marked and visually identifiable by
colored and coded patagial wing markers.
(ii) The Service has designated the experimental population area to
accommodate the potential future movements of a wild population of
condors. All released condors and their progeny
[[Page 184]]
are expected to remain in the experimental area due to the geographic
extent of the designation.
(9) The nonessential experimental population area includes the
entire highway rights-of-way of the highways in paragraph (j)(8) of this
section that constitute the perimeter boundary. All California condors
found in the wild within these boundaries will comprise the experimental
population.
(i) The experimental population is to be monitored during the
reintroduction project. All California condors are to be given physical
examinations before being released.
(ii) If there is any evidence that the condor is in poor health or
diseased, it will not be released to the wild.
(iii) Any condor that displays signs of illness, is injured, or
otherwise needs special care may be captured by authorized personnel of
the Service, Bureau of Land Management, or appropriate State wildlife
agency or their agents, and given the appropriate care. These condors
are to be re-released into the reintroduction area as soon as possible,
unless physical or behavioral problems make it necessary to keep them in
captivity for an extended period of time, or permanently.
(10) The status of the reintroduction project is to receive an
informal review on an annual basis and a formal evaluation within the
first 5 years after the initial release, and every 5 years thereafter.
This evaluation will include, but not be limited to: a review of
management issues; compliance with agreements; assessment of available
carrion; dependence of older condors on supplemental food sources; post
release behavior; causes and rates of mortality; alternative release
sites; project costs; public acceptance; and accomplishment of recovery
tasks prescribed in California Condor Recovery Plan. The number of
variables that could affect this reintroduction project make it
difficult to develop criteria for success or failure after 5 years.
However, if after 5 years the project is experiencing a 40 percent or
greater mortality rate or released condors are not finding food on their
own, serious consideration will be given to terminating the project.
(11) The Service does not intend to pursue a change in the
nonessential experimental population designation to experimental
essential, threatened, or endangered, or modify the experimental
population area boundaries without consulting with and obtaining the
full cooperation of affected parties located within the experimental
population area, the reintroduction program cooperators identified in
the memorandum of understanding (MOU) for this program, and the
cooperators identified in the agreement for this program.
(i) The Service does not intend to change the status of this
nonessential population until the California condor is recovered and
delisted in accordance with the Act or if the reintroduction is not
successful and the rule is revoked. No designation of critical habitat
will be made for nonessential populations (16 U.S.C. Sec.
1539(j)(2)(C)(ii).
(ii) Legal actions or other circumstances may compel a change in
this nonessential experimental population's legal status to essential,
threatened, or endangered, or compel the Service to designate critical
habitat for the California condors within the experimental population
area defined in this rule. If this happens, all California condors will
be removed from the area and this experimental population rule will be
revoked, unless the parties to the MOU and agreement existing at that
time agree that the birds should remain in the wild. Changes in the
legal status and/or removal of this population of California condors
will be made in compliance with any applicable Federal rulemaking and
other procedures.
[[Page 185]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR16OC96.000
(k) Mexican gray wolf (Canis lupus baileyi). (1) The Mexican gray
wolf (Mexican wolf) populations reestablished in the Blue Range Wolf
Recovery Area and in the White Sands Wolf Recovery Area, if used, within
the Mexican Wolf Experimental Population Area, identified in paragraph
(k)(9) of
[[Page 186]]
this section, are one nonessential experimental population. This
nonessential experimental population will be managed according to the
following provisions.
(2) Based on the best available information, the Service finds that
reintroduction of an experimental population of Mexican wolves into the
subspecies' probable historic range will further the conservation of the
Mexican wolf subspecies and of the gray wolf species; that the
experimental population is not ``essential,'' under 50 CFR 17.81(c)(2);
that the experimental population is wholly separate geographically from
any other wild gray wolf population or individual wild gray wolves; that
no wild Mexican wolves are known to exist in the experimental population
area or anywhere else; and that future migration of wild Mexican wolves
into the experimental population area is not possible.
(3) No person, agency, or organization may ``take'' [see definition
in paragraph (k)(15) of this section] any wolf in the wild within the
Mexican Wolf Experimental Population Area, except as provided in this
rule. The Service may investigate each take of a Mexican wolf and may
refer the take of a wolf contrary to this rule to the appropriate
authorities for prosecution.
(i) Throughout the Mexican Wolf Experimental Population Area, you
will not be in violation of the Act or this rule for ``unavoidable and
unintentional take'' [see definition in paragraph (k)(15) of this
section] of a wolf. Such take must be non-negligent and incidental to a
legal activity, such as military training and testing, trapping,
driving, or recreational activities. You must report the take within 24
hours to the Service's Mexican Wolf Recovery Coordinator or to a
designated representative of the Service.
(ii) Throughout the Mexican Wolf Experimental Population Area, you
may ``harass'' [see definition in paragraph (k)(15) of this section ]
wolves that are within 500 yards of people, buildings, facilities, pets,
``livestock'' [see definition in paragraph (k)(15) of this section], or
other domestic animals in an opportunistic, noninjurious manner [see
definition of ``opportunistic, noninjurious harassment'' in paragraph
(k)(15) of this section] at any time--provided that wolves cannot be
purposely attracted, tracked, searched out, or chased and then harassed.
You must report harassment of wolves within 7 days to the Service's
Mexican Wolf Recovery Coordinator or to a designated representative of
the Service.
(iii) Throughout the Mexican Wolf Experimental Population Area,
excluding areas within the national park system and national wildlife
refuge system, no Federal agency or their contractors will be in
violation of the Act or this rule for unavoidable or unintentional take
of a wolf resulting from any action authorized by that Federal agency or
by the Service, including, but not limited to, military training and
testing. This provision does not exempt agencies and their contractors
from complying with sections 7(a)(1) and 7(a)(4) of the Act, the latter
of which requires a conference with the Service if they propose an
action that is likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
Mexican wolf.
(iv) In areas within the national park system and national wildlife
refuge system, Federal agencies must treat Mexican wolves as a
threatened species for purposes of complying with section 7 of the Act.
(v) On private land anywhere within the Mexican Wolf Experimental
Population Area, livestock owners or their agents may take (including
kill or injure) any wolf actually ``engaged in the act of killing,
wounding, or biting livestock'' [see definition in paragraph (k)(15) of
this section]; provided that evidence of livestock freshly wounded or
killed by wolves is present; and further provided that the take is
reported to the Service's Mexican Wolf Recovery Coordinator or a
designated representative of the Service within 24 hours.
(vi) On tribal reservation land anywhere within the Mexican Wolf
Experimental Population Area, livestock owners or their agents may take
(including kill or injure) any wolf actually engaged in the act of
killing, wounding, or biting livestock; provided that evidence of
livestock freshly wounded or killed by wolves is present; and further
provided that the take is reported to the Service's Mexican Wolf
[[Page 187]]
Recovery Coordinator or a designated representative of the Service
within 24 hours.
(vii) On ``public lands'' [see definition in paragraph (k)(15) of
this section] allotted for grazing anywhere within the Mexican Wolf
Experimental Population Area, including within the designated ``wolf
recovery areas'' [see definition in paragraph (k)(15) of this section],
livestock owners or their agents may be issued a permit under the Act to
take wolves actually engaged in the act of killing, wounding, or biting
``livestock'' [see definition in paragraph (k)(15) of this section].
Before such a permit is issued, the following conditions must be met--
livestock must be legally present on the grazing allotment; six or more
``breeding pairs'' [see definition in paragraph (k)(15) of this section]
of Mexican wolves must be present in the Blue Range Wolf Recovery Area;
previous loss or injury of livestock on the grazing allotment, caused by
wolves, must be documented by the Service or our authorized agent; and
agency efforts to resolve the problem must be completed. Permits issued
under this provision will be valid for 45 days or less and will specify
the maximum number of wolves you are allowed to take. If you take a wolf
under this provision, evidence of livestock freshly wounded or killed by
wolves must be present. You must report the take to the Service's
Mexican Wolf Recovery Coordinator or a designated representative of the
Service within 24 hours.
(viii) Throughout the Mexican Wolf Experimental Population Area,
take of Mexican wolves by livestock guarding dogs, when used in the
traditional manner to protect livestock on public, tribal, and private
lands, is permitted. If you become aware that such take by your guard
dog has occurred, you must report the take to the Service's Mexican Wolf
Recovery Coordinator or a designated representative of the Service
within 24 hours.
(ix) Personnel authorized by the Service may take any Mexican wolf
in the nonessential experimental population in a manner consistent with
a Service-approved management plan, special management measure, or a
valid permit issued by the Service under Sec. 17.32. This may include,
but is not limited to, capture and translocation of wolves that--prey on
livestock; attack pets or domestic animals other than livestock on
private or tribal land; ``impact game populations in ways which may
inhibit further wolf recovery'' [see definition in paragraph (k)(15) of
this section]; prey on members of the desert bighorn sheep herd found on
the White Sands Missile Range and San Andres National Wildlife Refuge so
long as the State of New Mexico lists it as a species to be protected;
are considered ``problem wolves'' [see definition in paragraph (k)(15)
of this section]; are a nuisance; endanger themselves by their presence
in a military impact area; need aid or veterinary care; or are necessary
for authorized scientific, research, or management purposes. Lethal
methods of take may be used when reasonable attempts to capture wolves
alive fail and when the Service determines that immediate removal of a
particular wolf or wolves from the wild is necessary. Authorized
personnel may use leg-hold traps and any other effective device or
method for capturing or controlling wolves to carry out any measure that
is a part of a Service-approved management plan, notwithstanding any
conflicts in State or local law. The disposition of all wolves (live or
dead) or their parts taken as part of a Service-authorized management
activity must follow provisions in Service-approved management plans or
interagency agreements or procedures approved by the Service on a case-
by-case basis.
(x) As determined by the Service to be appropriate, the Service or
any agent so authorized by the Service may capture, kill, subject to
genetic testing, place in captivity, euthanize, or return to the wild
(if found to be a pure Mexican wolf) any feral wolf-like animal, feral
wolf hybrid, or feral dog found within the Mexican Wolf Experimental
Population Area that shows physical or behavioral evidence of
hybridization with other canids, such as domestic dogs or coyotes; being
an animal raised in captivity, other than as part of a Service-approved
wolf recovery program; or being socialized or habituated to humans.
[[Page 188]]
(xi) The United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant
Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services (WS) division will
discontinue use of M-44's and choking-type snares in ``occupied Mexican
wolf range'' [see definition in paragraph (k)(15) of this section]. The
WS division may restrict or modify other predator control activities
pursuant to a cooperative management agreement or a conference between
the Service and the WS division.
(xii) You may harass or take a Mexican wolf in self defense or
defense of the lives of others, provided that you report the harassment
or take within 24 hours to the Service's Mexican Wolf Recovery
Coordinator or a designated representative of the Service. If the
Service or an authorized agency determines that a wolf presents a threat
to human life or safety, the Service or the authorized agency may kill
it, capture and euthanize it, or place it in captivity.
(xiii) Intentional taking of any wolf in the Mexican Wolf
Experimental Population Area, except as described above, is prohibited.
The Service encourages those authorized to take wolves to use nonlethal
means when practicable and appropriate.
(4) You must not possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export by any means whatsoever, any wolf or wolf part from
the experimental population except as authorized in this rule or by a
valid permit issued by the Service under Sec. 17.32. If you kill or
injure a wolf or find a dead or injured wolf or wolf parts, you must not
disturb them (unless instructed to do so by an authorized agent of the
Service), you must minimize your disturbance of the area around them,
and you must report the incident to the Service's Mexican Wolf Recovery
Coordinator or a designated representative of the Service within 24
hours.
(5) You must not attempt to commit, solicit another to commit, or
cause to be committed, any offense defined in this rule.
(6) No land use restrictions will be imposed on private lands for
Mexican wolf recovery without the concurrence of the landowner.
(7) No land use restrictions will be imposed on tribal reservation
lands for Mexican wolf recovery without the concurrence of the tribal
government.
(8) On public lands, the Service and cooperating agencies may
temporarily restrict human access and ``disturbance-causing land use
activities'' [see definition in paragraph (k)(15) of this section]
within a 1-mile radius around release pens when wolves are in them,
around active dens between March 1 and June 30, and around active wolf
``rendezvous sites'' [see definition in paragraph 17.84(k)(15) of this
section] between June 1 and September 30, as necessary.
(9) The two designated wolf recovery areas and the experimental
population area for Mexican wolves classified as a nonessential
experimental population by this rule are described in the following
subsections. Both designated wolf recovery areas are within the
subspecies' probable historic range and are wholly separate
geographically from the current range of any known Mexican wolves or
other gray wolves.
(i) The Blue Range Wolf Recovery Area includes all of the Apache
National Forest and all of the Gila National Forest in east-central
Arizona and west-central New Mexico (Figure 1). Initial releases of
captive-raised Mexican wolves will take place, generally as described in
our Preferred Alternative in the FEIS on Mexican wolf reintroduction,
within the Blue Range Wolf Recovery Area ``primary recovery zone'' [see
definition in paragraph (k)(15) of this section]. This is the area
within the Apache National Forest bounded on the north by the Apache-
Greenlee County line; on the east by the Arizona-New Mexico state line;
on the south by the San Francisco River (eastern half) and the southern
boundary of the Apache National Forest (western half); and on the west
by the Greenlee-Graham County line (San Carlos Apache Reservation
boundary). The Service will allow the wolf population to expand into the
Blue Range Wolf Recovery Area ``secondary recovery zone'' [see
definition in paragraph (k)(15) of this section], which is the remainder
of the Blue Range Wolf Recovery Area not in the primary recovery zone.
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(ii) The White Sands Wolf Recovery Area in south-central New Mexico
includes all of the White Sands Missile Range; the White Sands National
Monument; the San Andres National Wildlife Refuge; and the area adjacent
and to the west of the Missile Range bounded on the south by the
southerly
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boundary of the USDA Jornada Experimental Range and the northern
boundary of the New Mexico State University Animal Science Ranch, on the
west by the New Mexico Principal Meridian, on the north by the Pedro
Armendaris Grant boundary and the Sierra-Socorro County line, and on the
east by the western boundary of the Missile Range (Figure 2). This is
the back-up reintroduction area, to be used only if later determined to
be both necessary and feasible in accordance with the Preferred
Alternative as set forth in the FEIS on Mexican wolf reintroduction. If
this area is used, initial releases of captive-raised wolves would take
place within the White Sands Wolf Recovery Area primary recovery zone.
This is the area within the White Sands Missile Range bounded on the
north by the road from the former Cain Ranch Head quarters to Range Road
16, Range Road 16 to its intersection with Range Road 13, Range Road 13
to its intersection with Range Road 7; on the east by Range Road 7; on
the south by Highway 70; and on the west by the Missile Range boundary.
The Service would allow the wolf population to expand into the White
Sands Wolf Recovery Area secondary recovery zone, which is the remainder
of the White Sands Wolf Recovery Area not in the primary recovery zone.
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[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12JA98.003
(iii) The boundaries of the Mexican Wolf Experimental Population
Area are the portion of Arizona lying north of Interstate Highway 10 and
south of Interstate Highway 40; the portion of New Mexico lying north of
Interstate Highway 10 in the west, north of the New Mexico-Texas
boundary in the
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east, and south of Interstate Highway 40; and the portion of Texas lying
north of United States Highway 62/180 and south of the Texas-New Mexico
boundary (Figure 3). The Service is not proposing wolf reestablishment
throughout this area, but only within the Blue Range Wolf Recovery Area,
and possibly later in the White Sands Wolf Recovery Area, respectively
described in paragraphs (k)(9) (i) and (ii) of this section. If a member
of the nonessential experimental population is captured inside the
Mexican Wolf Experimental Population Area, but outside the designated
wolf recovery areas, it will be re-released within the recovery area,
put into the captive population, or otherwise managed according to
provisions of a Service-approved management plan or action. If a wolf is
found in the United States outside the boundaries of the Mexican Wolf
Experimental Population Area (and not within any other wolf experimental
population area) the Service will presume it to be of wild origin with
full endangered status (or threatened in Minnesota) under the Act,
unless evidence, such as a radio collar, identification mark, or
physical or behavioral traits (see paragraph (k)(3)(x) of this section),
establishes otherwise. If such evidence exists, the Service or an
authorized agency will attempt to promptly capture the wolf and re-
release it within the recovery area, put it into the captive population,
or carry out any other management measure authorized by this rule or a
Service-approved management plan. Such a wolf is otherwise not subject
to this rule outside the designated Mexican Wolf Experimental Population
Area.
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[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12JA98.004
(10) If Mexican wolves of the experimental population occur on
public lands outside the designated wolf recovery area(s), but within
the Mexican Wolf Experimental Population Area, the Service or an
authorized agency will attempt to capture any radio-collared lone wolf
and any lone wolf or
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member of an established pack causing livestock ``depredations'' [see
definition in paragraph (k)(15) of this section]. The agencies will not
routinely capture and return pack members that make occasional forays
onto public land outside the designated wolf recovery area(s) and
uncollared lone wolves on public land. However, the Service will capture
and return to a recovery area or to captivity packs from the
nonessential experimental population that establish territories on
public land wholly outside the designated wolf recovery area(s).
(11) If any wolves move onto private land outside the designated
recovery area(s), but within the Mexican Wolf Experimental Population
Area, the Service or an authorized agency will develop management
actions in cooperation with the landowner including capture and removal
of the wolf or wolves if requested by the landowner.
(12) If any wolves move onto tribal reservation land outside the
designated recovery area(s), but within the Mexican Wolf Experimental
Population Area, the Service or an authorized agency will develop
management actions in cooperation with the tribal government including
capture and removal of the wolf or wolves if requested by the tribal
government.
(13) The Service will evaluate Mexican wolf reintroduction progress
and prepare periodic progress reports, detailed annual reports, and full
evaluations after 3 and 5 years that recommend continuation,
modification, or termination of the reintroduction effort.
(14) The Service does not intend to change the ``nonessential
experimental'' designation to ``essential experimental,''
``threatened,'' or ``endangered'' and foresees no likely situation which
would result in such changes. Critical habitat cannot be designated
under the nonessential experimental classification, 16 U.S.C.
1539(j)(2)(C)(ii).
(15) Definitions. Key terms used in this rule have the following
definitions.
Breeding pair means an adult male and an adult female wolf that have
produced at least two pups during the previous breeding season that
survived until December 31 of the year of their birth.
Depredation means the confirmed killing or wounding of lawfully
present domestic livestock by one or more wolves. The Service, WS, or
other Service-authorized agencies will confirm cases of wolf depredation
on domestic livestock.
Disturbance-causing land use activity means any land use activity
that the Service determines could adversely affect reproductive success,
natural behavior, or survival of Mexican wolves. These activities may be
temporarily restricted within a 1-mile radius of release pens, active
dens, and rendezvous sites. Such activities may include, but are not
limited to--timber or wood harvesting, management-ignited fire, mining
or mine development, camping outside designated campgrounds, livestock
drives, off-road vehicle use, hunting, and any other use or activity
with the potential to disturb wolves. The following activities are
specifically excluded from this definition--
(1) Legally permitted livestock grazing and use of water sources by
livestock;
(2) Livestock drives if no reasonable alternative route or timing
exists;
(3) Vehicle access over established roads to private property and to
areas on public land where legally permitted activities are ongoing if
no reasonable alternative route exists;
(4) Use of lands within the national park or national wildlife
refuge systems as safety buffer zones for military activities;
(5) Prescribed natural fire except in the vicinity of release pens;
and
(6) Any authorized, specific land use that was active and ongoing at
the time wolves chose to locate a den or rendezvous site nearby.
Engaged in the act of killing, wounding, or biting livestock means
to be engaged in the pursuit and grasping, biting, attacking, wounding,
or feeding upon livestock that are alive. If wolves are observed feeding
on a livestock carcass, you cannot assume that wolves killed the
livestock because livestock can die from many causes and wolves will
feed on carrion.
Harass means ``intentional or negligent act or omission which
creates the likelihood of injury to the wildlife by annoying it to such
an extent as to
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significantly disrupt normal behavioral patterns which include, but are
not limited to, breeding, feeding, or sheltering'' (50 CFR 17.3). This
experimental population rule permits only ``opportunistic, noninjurious
harassment'' (see definition below).
Impact on game populations in ways which may inhibit further wolf
recovery. The Service encourages states and tribes to define
unacceptable impacts from wolf predation on game populations in Service-
approved management plans. Until such time the term will mean the
following--2 consecutive years with a cumulative 35 percent decrease in
population or hunter harvest estimates for a particular species of
ungulate in a game management unit or distinct herd segment compared to
the pre-wolf 5-year average (unit or herd must contain average of
greater than 100 animals). If wolf predation is shown to be a primary
cause of ungulate population declines (greater than 50 percent of
documented adult or young mortality), then wolves may be moved to reduce
ungulate mortality rates and assist in herd recovery, but only in
conjunction with application of other common, professionally acceptable,
wildlife management techniques.
Livestock means cattle, sheep, horses, mules, and burros or other
domestic animals defined as livestock in State and Tribal wolf
management plans approved by the Service.
Occupied Mexican wolf range means an area of confirmed presence of
resident breeding packs or pairs of wolves or area consistently used by
at least one resident wolf over a period of at least one month. The
Service must confirm or corroborate wolf presence. Exact delineation of
the area will be described by:
(1) 5-mile (8 km) radius around all locations of wolves and wolf
sign confirmed as described above (nonradio-monitored);
(2) 5-mile (8 km) radius around radio locations of resident wolves
when fewer than 20 radio locations are available (for radio-monitored
wolves only); or
(3) 3-mile (4.8 km) radius around the convex polygon developed from
more than 20 radio locations of a pack, pair, or single wolf acquired
over a period of at least 6 months (for radio-monitored wolves).
This definition applies only within the Mexican Wolf Experimental
Population Area.
Opportunistic, noninjurious harassment (see ``harass'') means as the
wolf presents itself (for example, the wolf travels onto and is observed
on private land or near livestock). This is the only type of harassment
permitted by this rule. You cannot track, attract, search out, or chase
a wolf and then harass it. Any harassment must not cause bodily injury
or death to the wolf. The basic intent of harassment permitted by this
rule is to scare wolves away from the immediate area. It is limited to
approaching wolves and discharging firearms or other projectile
launching devices in proximity to but not in the direction of wolves;
throwing objects in the general direction of but not at wolves; or
making any loud noise in proximity to wolves.
Primary recovery zone means an area where the Service--
(1) Will release captive-raised Mexican wolves,
(2) May return and re-release previously released Mexican wolves,
(3) May release translocated wild-born Mexican wolves, and
(4) Will actively support recovery of the reintroduced population.
Problem wolves means wolves that--
(1) Have depredated lawfully present domestic livestock,
(2) Are members of a group or pack (including adults, yearlings, and
young-of-the-year) that were directly involved in livestock
depredations,
(3) Were fed by or are dependent upon adults involved with livestock
depredations (because young animals will likely acquire the pack's
livestock depredation habits),
(4) Have depredated domestic animals other than livestock on private
or tribal lands, two times in an area within one year, or
(5) Are habituated to humans, human residences, or other facilities.
Public land means land under administration of Federal agencies
including, but not limited to the National Park Service, Bureau of Land
Management,
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Fish and Wildlife Service, Forest Service, Department of Energy, and
Department of Defense; and State-owned lands within the boundary of a
designated wolf recovery area. All State-owned lands within the boundary
of the experimental population area, but outside designated wolf
recovery areas, will be subject to the provisions of this rule that
apply to private lands.
Rendezvous site means a gathering and activity area regularly used
by a litter of young wolf pups after they have emerged from the den.
Typically, the site is used for a period ranging from about one week to
one month in the summer. Several sites may be used in succession.
Secondary recovery zone means an area adjacent to a primary recovery
zone in which the Service allows released wolves to disperse, where
wolves captured in the wild for authorized management purposes may be
translocated and released, and where managers will actively support
recovery of the reintroduced population.
Take means``to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap,
capture, or collect, or to attempt to engage in any such conduct'' (16
U.S.C. 1532(19)). Also, see definitions of ``harass'', ``opportunistic,
noninjurious harassment'', and ``unavoidable and unintentional take.''
Unavoidable and unintentional take means accidental, unintentional
take (see definition of ``Take'') which occurs despite reasonable care,
is incidental to an otherwise lawful activity, and is not done on
purpose. Examples would be striking a wolf with an automobile and
catching a wolf in a trap outside of known occupied wolf range. Taking a
wolf with a trap, snare, or other type of capture device within occupied
wolf range (except as authorized in paragraph (k)(3)(ix) and (x) of this
section) will not be considered unavoidable, accidental, or
unintentional take, unless due care was exercised to avoid taking a
wolf. Taking a wolf by shooting will not be considered unavoidable,
accidental, or unintentional take. Shooters have the responsibility to
be sure of their targets.
Wolf recovery area means a designated area where managers will
actively support reestablishment of Mexican wolf populations.
(l) Grizzly bear (Ursus arctos).
(1) Where does this special rule apply? The special rule in this
paragraph (l) applies to the designated Bitterroot Grizzly Bear
Experimental Population Area (Experimental Population Area), which is
found within the species' historic range and is defined as follows:
The boundaries of the Experimental Population Area are delineated by
U.S. 93 from its junction with the Bitterroot River near Missoula,
Montana, to Challis, Idaho; Idaho 75 from Challis to Stanley, Idaho;
Idaho 21 from Stanley to Lowman, Idaho; State Highway 17 from Lowman to
Banks, Idaho; Idaho 55 from Banks to New Meadows, Idaho; U.S. 95 from
New Meadows to Coeur d'Alene, Idaho; Interstate 90 from Coeur d'Alene,
Idaho, to its junction with the Clark Fork River near St. Regis,
Montana; the Clark Fork River from its junction with Interstate 90 near
St. Regis to its confluence with the Bitterroot River near Missoula,
Montana; and the Bitterroot River from its confluence with the Clark
Fork River to its junction with U.S. Highway 93, near Missoula, Montana
(See map at the end of this paragraph (l)).
(2) What is the legal status of the grizzly bear? (i) The grizzly
bear is listed as ``threatened'' in Sec. 17.11 (h) and protected under
this part. However, the grizzly bear population to which this paragraph
(l) applies is considered a nonessential experimental population in
accordance with section 10(j) of the Act.
(ii) We have determined that, as of December 18, 2000, no grizzly
bear population exists in the Experimental Population Area. We find, in
accordance with Sec. 17.81 (b), that the reintroduction of grizzly
bears as a nonessential experimental population, as defined in Sec.
17.81 (b), will further the conservation of the species and will be
consistent with provisions of section 10(j) of the Act, which requires
that an experimental population be geographically separate from other
nonexperimental populations of the same species. We also find, in
accordance with Sec. 17.81 (c)(2), that the experimental population of
grizzly bears in the Experimental Population Area is not essential to
the survival of the species in the wild.
(iii) Grizzly bears within the Experimental Population Area and the
Recovery Area will be accommodated
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through management provisions provided for in this paragraph (l) and
through management plans and policies developed by the Citizen
Management Committee (Committee; see paragraph (l)(6) of this section).
After reintroduction, every grizzly bear found within the Experimental
Population Area will be considered a member of the nonessential
experimental population.
(iv) In the conterminous United States, a grizzly bear that is
outside the Experimental Population Area identified in paragraph (l)(1)
of this section will be considered as threatened.
(3) Where will grizzly bears be released, and where will recovery be
emphasized? The Bitterroot Grizzly Bear Recovery Area identifies the
area of recovery emphasis within the Experimental Population Area. The
Recovery Area consists of the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness and the Frank
Church-River of No Return Wilderness (See map at the end of paragraph
(l) of this section). All reintroductions will take place in the Selway-
Bitterroot Wilderness unless it is later determined that reintroduction
in the Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness is appropriate. If, in
the future, new wilderness areas are designated adjacent to the Recovery
Area, the Committee may recommend to the Secretary their addition to the
Recovery Area. The Secretary would have to amend this paragraph (l) to
change the definition of the Recovery Area.
(4) What activities are prohibited in the Experimental Population
Area? (i) You may not take (see definition in Sec. 10.12 of this
subchapter) any grizzly bear in the Experimental Population Area, except
as provided in this paragraph (l). We may refer unauthorized take of
grizzly bears to the appropriate authorities for prosecution.
(ii) You may not possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export by any means whatsoever any grizzly bear or parts
thereof that are taken from the Experimental Population Area or
possessed in violation of the regulations in this paragraph (l) or in
violation of applicable State wildlife conservation laws or regulations
or the Act.
(iii) You may not attempt to commit, solicit another to commit, or
cause to be committed, any offense defined in this paragraph (l).
(5) What activities are allowed in the Experimental Population Area?
(i) For purposes of this paragraph (l), except for persons engaged in
hunting or shooting activities, you will not be in violation of the Act
for ``unavoidable and unintentional take'' (see definition in paragraph
(l)(16) of this section) of grizzly bears within the Experimental
Population Area when such take is incidental to a legal activity and is
not a result of negligent conduct lacking reasonable due care, and when
due care was exercised to avoid the taking. Any taking must be reported
within 24 hours to appropriate authorities as listed in paragraph
(l)(5)(iii) of this section. Persons lawfully engaged in hunting or
shooting activities must correctly identify their target before shooting
in order to avoid illegally shooting a grizzly bear. Shooting a grizzly
bear as a result of mistaking it for another species is considered a
lack of reasonable due care. The act of taking a grizzly bear that is
wrongly identified as another species may be referred to appropriate
authorities for prosecution.
(ii) Any person with a valid permit issued by us may take grizzly
bears in the Experimental Population Area for scientific purposes, the
enhancement of propagation or survival of the species, zoological
exhibition, and other conservation purposes. Such permits must be
consistent with the Act, with management plans adopted for the
nonessential experimental population, and with applicable State wildlife
conservation laws and regulations.
(iii) You may take grizzly bears in the Experimental Population Area
in self-defense or in defense of the lives of others. Such taking must
be reported within 24 hours as to date, exact location, and
circumstances to the Grizzly Bear Recovery Coordinator, University Hall,
Room 309, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812 (406-243-4903);
or the Assistant Regional Director for Law Enforcement, Eastside Federal
Complex, 911 NE 11th Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97232-4181 (503-231-6125);
or the Assistant Regional Director for
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Law Enforcement, P.O. Box 25486, DFC, Denver, Colorado 80225 (303-236-
7540); and either the Idaho Department of Fish and Game, P.O. Box 25,
Boise Idaho 83707 (208-334-3700); or the Montana Department of Fish,
Wildlife and Parks, 1420 E. Sixth Avenue, Helena, Montana 59620 (406-
444-2535); and Nez Perce Tribal authorities (208-843-2253) (as
appropriate).
(iv) Livestock owners may obtain a permit from the Service, and the
Idaho Department of Fish and Game, the Montana Department of Fish,
Wildlife and Parks, or appropriate Tribal authorities to harass (see
definition in Sec. 17.3) grizzly bears found in the Experimental
Population Area that are actually pursuing or killing livestock (to
include permitting the use of livestock guard dogs around livestock to
harass such grizzly bears). Prior to issuance of such a permit,
authorized State, Federal, or Tribal officials must document pursuit or
killing of livestock. All such harassment must be accomplished by an
opportunistic, noninjurious method (see definition of ``opportunistic,
noninjurious harassment'' in paragraph (l)(16) of this section) to the
grizzly bear, and such harassment must be reported within 24 hours as to
date, exact location, and circumstances to the authorities listed under
paragraph (l)(5)(iii) of this section.
(v) Livestock owners may obtain a permit from the Service, and the
Idaho Department of Fish and Game, the Montana Department of Fish,
Wildlife and Parks or appropriate Tribal authorities to take grizzly
bears on private lands found in the Experimental Population Area in a
manner other than harassment as defined in this paragraph (l), in order
to protect livestock actually pursued or being killed on private
property. Prior to issuance of such a permit, authorized State, Federal,
or Tribal officials must document pursuit or killing of livestock. Any
response protocol established by the Committee must have been satisfied
and efforts to capture depredating grizzly bears by Service or State or
Tribal wildlife agency personnel must have proven unsuccessful. All such
taking must be reported as to date, exact location, and circumstances
within 24 hours to the authorities listed under paragraph (l)(5)(iii) of
this section.
(vi) Any authorized employee or agent of the Service or appropriate
State wildlife agency or Nez Perce Tribe who is lawfully designated for
such purposes, when acting in the course of official duties, may take a
grizzly bear from the wild in the Experimental Population Area if such
action is necessary to:
(A) Aid a sick, injured, or orphaned grizzly bear;
(B) Dispose of a dead grizzly bear, or salvage a dead grizzly bear
that may be useful for scientific study;
(C) Take a grizzly bear that constitutes a demonstrable but
nonimmediate threat to human safety or that is responsible for
depredations to lawfully present domestic animals or other personal
property, if otherwise eliminating such depredation or loss of personal
property has not been possible, and after eliminating such threat by
live-capturing and releasing the grizzly bear unharmed in the area
defined in paragraph (l)(2) of this section or other areas approved by
the Committee has been demonstrated not to be possible;
(D) Move a grizzly bear for genetic management purposes;
(E) Relocate grizzly bears within the Experimental Population Area
to improve grizzly bear survival and recovery prospects; or (F) Relocate
a grizzly bear to avoid conflict with human activities. However, grizzly
bears in the Experimental Population Area will not be disturbed unless
they demonstrate a real and imminent threat to human safety, livestock,
or bees. Unless the Committee determines otherwise, this rule provides
that on private lands outside the national forest boundary in the
Bitterroot Valley, Montana (exclusion area), any human/grizzly conflicts
will be considered unacceptable. Grizzly bear occupancy will be
discouraged in the exclusion area, and grizzly bears found there will be
captured and returned to the Recovery Area, or placed in captivity, or
destroyed, depending on the history of each bear. If a grizzly bear
enters the exclusion area, State and Federal wildlife management
agencies will attempt to capture it immediately and notify the public of
its presence as soon as possible. The public
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will be kept updated until the bear is caught. Further, any grizzly bear
that occupies inhabited human settlement areas on private land within
the Experimental Population Area that, in the judgment of the management
agencies or Committee, presents a clear threat to human safety or whose
behavior indicates that it may become habituated to humans, will be
relocated or destroyed by management agencies.
(6) How will local citizens be involved in the management of the
Bitterroot nonessential experimental grizzly bear population? (i) The
Secretary will establish a Citizen Management Committee for the
Bitterroot grizzly bear experimental population and will authorize
management implementation responsibility as described in paragraph
(l)(9) of this section, in consultation with the Governors of Idaho and
Montana. As soon as possible after the effective date of this rule, the
Secretary will organize the Committee by requesting nominations of
citizen members from the Governors of Idaho and Montana and the Nez
Perce Tribe and nominations of agency members by represented agencies.
(ii) The Committee will be composed of 15 members serving 6-year
terms. Appointments may initially be of lesser terms to ensure staggered
replacement.
(A) Membership will consist of seven individuals appointed by the
Secretary based upon the recommendations of the Governor of Idaho, five
members appointed by the Secretary based upon the recommendations of the
Governor of Montana, one member representing the Nez Perce Tribe
appointed by the Secretary based on the recommendation of the Nez Perce
Tribe, one member representing the Forest Service appointed by the
Secretary of Agriculture, and one member representing the Fish and
Wildlife Service appointed by the Secretary. Members recommended by the
Governors of Idaho and Montana will be based on the recommendations of
interested parties and will include at least one representative each
from the appropriate State wildlife agencies. If either Governor or the
Tribe fails to make recommendations within 60 days, the Secretary (or
his/her designee) will accept recommendations from interested parties,
and will make the appointments.
(B) The Committee will consist of a cross-section of interests
reflecting a balance of viewpoints, and members are to be selected for
their diversity of knowledge and experience in natural resource issues,
and for their commitment to collaborative decision-making. In their
recommendations to the Secretary, the Governors of Idaho and Montana
will attach written documentation of the qualifications of those
nominated relating to their knowledge of, and experience in, natural
resource issues and their commitment to collaborative decision-making.
(C) Except for the representatives from Federal agencies, the
Committee will be selected from communities within and adjacent to the
Recovery and Experimental Population Areas.
(D) The Secretary will fill vacancies as they occur with the
appropriate members based on the recommendation of the appropriate
Governor, the Nez Perce Tribe, or agency.
(7) Will independent scientific information be readily available to
the Committee? The Secretary will appoint two scientific advisors to the
Committee as nonvoting members to attend all meetings of the Committee
and to provide scientific expertise to the Committee. These scientific
advisors will not be employed by Federal agencies involved in grizzly
bear recovery. The Secretary will contact the Wildlife Society Chapters
in Idaho and Montana and the Universities of Idaho and Montana for
nominations and will select one wildlife scientist representing each
State and appoint them as advisors to the Committee.
(8) What is the overall mission of the Committee, and how will it
operate? (i) The mission of the Committee is to facilitate recovery of
the grizzly bear in the Bitterroot ecosystem by assisting in
implementing the Bitterroot ecosystem chapter of the recovery plan
(Bitterroot Ecosystem Recovery Plan Chapter--Supplement to the Grizzly
Bear Recovery Plan, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Missoula, Montana,
1996). The Committee will make recommendations to land and wildlife
management agencies that it believes will lead to recovery of the
grizzly
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bear. Decisions on, and implementation of, these recommendations are the
responsibility of the land and wildlife management agencies.
(ii) The Committee will meet a minimum of two times per year. These
meetings will be open to the public. Additionally, the committee will
provide reasonable public notice of meetings, produce and provide
written minutes of meetings to interested persons, and involve the
public in its decision-making process. This public participation process
will allow members of the public and/or special interest groups to have
input to Committee decisions and management actions.
(9) What authority will the Committee have, and what will be its
primary tasks? The Committee will have the authority and the
responsibility to carry out the following functions:
(i) Developing a process for obtaining the best biological, social,
and economic data. This process will include an explicit mechanism for
soliciting peer-reviewed, scientific articles on grizzly bears and their
management, and holding periodic public meetings not less than every 2
years, in which qualified scientists may submit comments to and be
questioned by the Committee. The two scientific advisors will lead this
process. The Committee will base its decisions upon the best scientific
and commercial data available. All decisions of the Committee, including
components of its management plans, must lead toward recovery of the
grizzly bear in the Bitterroot ecosystem and minimize social and
economic impacts to the extent practicable within the context of the
existing recovery goals for the species.
(ii) Soliciting technical advice and guidance from outside experts.
The scientific advisors will lead the development of an ongoing process
to provide the Committee with the best scientific and commercial data
available. The scientific advisors will provide this information in the
form of peer-reviewed scientific articles on grizzly bears and their
management, Committee meetings with presentations by scientific experts,
and requests to State and Federal management agencies and the private
sector for scientific expertise and advice.
(iii) Implementing the Bitterroot Ecosystem Chapter of the Grizzly
Bear Recovery Plan consistent with this paragraph (l). The Committee
will develop recommendations on existing management plans and policies
of land and wildlife management agencies, as necessary, for the
management of grizzly bears in the Experimental Population Area. The
Committee will make recommendations to land and wildlife management
agencies regarding changes to plans and policies, but the final decision
on implementation of those recommendations will be made by those
agencies. If Committee recommendations require significant changes to
existing plans and policy, and the agencies tentatively agree to accept
those recommendations, then the requirements of the National
Environmental Policy Act may apply. Such management plans and policies
will be in accordance with applicable State and Federal laws. The
Committee will give full consideration to Service comments and opinions
and those of the Forest Service, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, the
Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks, and the Nez Perce Tribe.
(iv) Providing means by which the public may participate in, review,
and comment on the decisions of the Committee. The Committee must
thoroughly consider and respond to public input prior to making
decisions.
(v) Developing its internal processes, where appropriate, such as
governance, decision-making, quorum, terms of members, officers, meeting
schedules and location, public notice of meetings, and minutes.
(vi) Requesting staff support from the Service, the Idaho Department
of Fish and Game, Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Forest
Service, other affected Federal agencies, and the Nez Perce Tribe, when
necessary to perform administrative functions, and requesting
reimbursement from us for non-Federal Committee members for costs
associated with travel, lodging, and incidentals.
(vii) Reviewing existing grizzly bear standards and guidelines used
by the Forest Service and other agencies and landowners. The Committee
will perform an annual review of grizzly bear
[[Page 201]]
mortalities and the number and location of bear/human conflicts. This
review will be the primary mechanism to assess the adequacy of existing
management techniques and standards. If the Committee deems such
standards and guidelines inadequate for recovery of grizzly bears, the
Committee may recommend changes to the Forest Service and other agencies
and landowners.
(viii) Developing grizzly bear guidance for proper camping and
sanitation within the Experimental Population Area and making
recommendations to land management agencies for adoption of such
guidelines. Existing camping and sanitation procedures developed in
other ecosystems with grizzly bears will serve as a basis for such
guidelines.
(ix) Developing a protocol for responding to grizzly/human
encounters, livestock depredations, damage to lawfully present property,
and other grizzly/human conflicts within the Experimental Population
Area. Any response protocol developed by the Committee will have to
undergo public comment and be revised as appropriate based on comments
received. Any conflicts or mortalities associated with these activities
will result in review by the Committee to determine what the Committee
may do to help prevent future conflicts or mortalities. The Committee
will recommend, as necessary, policy changes on trail restrictions for
human safety to appropriate wildlife and land management agencies.
(x) Recommending to the Service changes to recovery criteria,
including mortality limits, population determinations, and other
criteria for recovery as appropriate.
(xi) Reviewing all human-caused grizzly bear mortalities to
determine whether new measures for avoiding future occurrences are
required and make recommendations on such measures to appropriate land
and wildlife management agencies. If grizzly bear mortalities occur as a
result of black bear hunting, the Committee will work with the State
Fish and Game Departments in both Idaho and Montana to develop solutions
to minimize the effects on grizzly bears of black bear hunting.
(xii) Developing strategies to emphasize recovery inside the
Recovery Area and to accommodate grizzly bears inside other areas of the
Experimental Population Area.
(A) Grizzly bears may range outside the Recovery Area because
grizzly bear habitat exists throughout the Experimental Population Area.
The Committee will not recommend that bears be disturbed or moved unless
conflicts are both significant and cannot be corrected as determined by
the Committee. This provision includes conflicts associated with
livestock, for which the Committee will develop strategies to discourage
grizzly bear occupancy in portions of the Experimental Population Area
outside of the Recovery Area.
(B) Unless the Committee determines otherwise, this rule provides
that private land outside the national forest boundary in the Bitterroot
Valley, Montana (exclusion area), is an area where any human/grizzly
conflicts will be considered unacceptable. Grizzly bear occupancy will
be discouraged in these areas, and grizzly bears will be captured and
returned to the Recovery Area. If a grizzly bear enters the exclusion
area, State and Federal wildlife management agencies will attempt to
capture it immediately and notify the public of its presence as soon as
possible. The public will be kept updated until the bear is caught.
Further, any grizzly bear that occupies the exclusion area or other
inhabited human settlement areas on private land within the Experimental
Population Area that, in the judgment of the management agencies or
Committee, presents a clear threat to human safety or whose behavior
indicates that it may become habituated to humans, will be relocated or
destroyed by management agencies.
(xiii) Establishing standards for determining whether the
experimental reintroduction has been successful and making
recommendations on the inclusion of such standards in the Grizzly Bear
Recovery Plan. These standards will be based on the best scientific and
commercial information available and will reflect that, absent
extraordinary circumstances, the success or failure of the program
cannot be measured in
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fewer than 20 years. General guidelines for the standards by which
failure will be measured include, but are not limited to, one or more of
the following conditions:
(A) If, within the number of years established by the Committee
following initial reintroduction, no relocated grizzly bear remains
within the Experimental Population Area and the reasons for emigration
or mortality cannot be identified and/or remedied; or
(B) If, within the number of years established by the Committee
following initial reintroduction, no cubs of the year or yearlings exist
and the relocated bears are not showing signs of successful reproduction
as evidenced by no cubs of the year or yearlings.
(xiv) Developing procedures for the expeditious issuance of permits
described in paragraphs (l)(5)(iv) and (l)(5)(v) of this section, and
making recommendations on such procedures to appropriate agencies.
(xv) Developing 2-year work plans for the recovery effort for
submittal to the Secretary pursuant to paragraph (l)(11)(i) of this
section.
(xvi) Establishing, based on the best available science, a refined
interim recovery goal for the Bitterroot Ecosystem Chapter of the
Grizzly Bear Recovery Plan and a final recovery goal when sufficient
information is available and after grizzly bears are reintroduced and
occupy suitable habitats in the Experimental Population Area. As this
information becomes available, the Committee may recommend the recovery
goal to the Secretary along with procedures for determining how this
goal will be measured. The recovery goal for the Bitterroot grizzly bear
population will be consistent with the habitat available within the
Recovery Area. Additional adjacent areas of public land can be
considered for contribution of suitable habitat when setting the
recovery goal if additional land is shown to be necessary by the best
scientific and commercial data available. Any recommendations for
revised recovery goals developed by the Committee will require public
review and our approval as appropriate prior to revision of any recovery
plan. Grizzly bears outside the Recovery Area and within the
Experimental Population Area can contribute to meeting the recovery goal
if their long-term occupancy in such habitats outside the Recovery Area
is reasonably certain.
(10) What agencies will be responsible for day-to-day management
activities? The Idaho Department of Fish and Game, the Montana
Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks, the Nez Perce Tribe, and the
Forest Service, in coordination with us, will exercise day-to-day
management responsibility within the Experimental Population Area in
accordance with this paragaraph (l). The Service and these cooperating
agencies will share management responsibility as per agreements with,
and in consideration of, recommendations from the Committee.
(11) How will progress of the Committee be monitored; and what
process will be followed by the Secretary to resolve disputes over
whether Committee actions are leading to recovery? (i) The Secretary or
our representative on the Committee will review the Committee's 2-year
work plans (see paragraph (l)(9)(xv) of this section). If the Secretary
determines, through our representative on the Committee, that the
Committee's decisions, work plans, or the implementation of those plans
are not leading to the recovery of the grizzly bear within the
Experimental Population Area or are not in compliance with this
paragraph (l), our representative will ask the Committee to determine
whether such a decision, plan, or implementation of a plan is leading to
recovery and is in compliance with this paragraph (l). The Secretary,
who retains final responsibility and authority for implementation of the
Act, will review the Committee's determination, as provided in
paragraphs (l)(11)(ii) through (iv) of this section, and then make a
final determination. Should the Secretary find that a decision, work
plan, or implementation of a plan by the Committee is inadequate for
recovery of the grizzly bear or is not in compliance with this paragraph
(l), the Secretary may assume lead management responsibility.
(ii) The Service representative will consider Committee input before
making any determination that Committee actions are not leading to
recovery or
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are not in compliance with this paragraph (l). In the event that our
representative on the Committee determines that the actions of the
Committee are not leading to recovery of the Bitterroot grizzly bear
population or are not in compliance with this paragraph (l), he or she
will recommend to the Committee, based on the best scientific and
commercial data available, alternative or corrective actions and provide
6 months for the Committee to accomplish those actions. Should the
Committee reject these corrective actions, our representative will
convene a Scientific Review Panel of three and will submit to the panel
for review those Committee actions or decisions that he or she has
determined are not leading to recovery or are not in compliance with
this paragrpah (l). The Service representative will consider the views
of all Committee members prior to convening a Scientific Review Panel.
(iii) Members of the Scientific Review Panel will be professional
scientists who have had no involvement with the Committee and are not
employed by Federal agencies responsible for grizzly bear recovery
efforts. The Secretary will select one member of the panel, and the
Governors of Idaho and Montana in consultation with the Universities of
Idaho and Montana (respectively), will select one panel member each. The
Scientific Review Panel will review Committee actions or decisions,
solicit additional information if necessary and, using the best
scientific and commercial data available, make timely recommendations to
the Committee as to whether Committee actions will lead to recovery of
the grizzly bear in the Bitterroot ecosystem and are in compliance with
paragraph (l). Examples of Committee actions, decisions, or lack of
actions that can be submitted to the Scientific Review Panel include,
but are not limited to, the following: sufficiency of public involvement
in Committee activities; decisions involving sanitation and outreach
activities; management of nuisance bears; adequacy of recommendations to
land and wildlife management agencies; adequacy of Committee actions in
addressing issues such as excessive human-caused grizzly bear mortality;
and other actions important to recovery of the grizzly bear in the
Bitterroot ecosystem. Committee compliance with paragraph (l) provides
the basis for the recommendations of the Scientific Review Panel.
(iv) If, after timely review, the Committee rejects the
recommendations of the Scientific Review Panel, and our representative
determines that Committee actions are not leading to recovery of the
Bitterroot population, he or she will notify the Secretary. The
Secretary will review the Panel's recommendations and determine the
disposition of the Committee.
(A) If the Secretary determines that the Committee should maintain
lead management responsibility, the Committee will continue to operate
according to the provisions of this paragraph (l) until the recovery
objectives under paragraph (l)(9)(xvi) of this section or the Bitterroot
Ecosystem Chapter of the Recovery Plan have been met and the Secretary
has completed delisting.
(B) If the Secretary decides to assume lead management
responsibility, the Secretary will consult with the Governors of Idaho
and Montana regarding that decision and further attempt to resolve the
disagreement. If, after such consultation, the Secretary assumes lead
management responsibility, the Secretary will publish a notice in the
Federal Register explaining the rationale for the determination and
notify the Governors of Idaho and Montana. The Committee will disband,
and all requirements identified in this paragraph (l) regarding the
Committee will be nullified.
(12) How will the Bitterroot grizzly bear population be monitored?
The reintroduced population will be monitored closely by Federal and
State agencies in cooperation with the Committee for the duration of the
recovery process, generally by use of radio telemetry as appropriate.
(13) How will success or failure of the project be evaluated? The
status of Bitterroot grizzly bear recovery will be reevaluated
separately by the Committee and by the Secretary at 5-year intervals.
This review will take into account the reproductive success of the
grizzly bears released, human-caused
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mortality, movement patterns of individual bears, food habits, and
overall health of the population and will recommend changes and
improvements in the recovery program. Evaluating these parameters will
assist in determining success or failure of the restoration.
(14) What process will be followed if the Secretary determines the
project has failed? (i) If, based on the criteria established by the
Committee, the Secretary, after consultation with the Committee, the
Governors of Idaho and Montana, the Idaho Department of Fish and Game,
the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks, and the Nez Perce
Tribe, determines that the reintroduction has failed to produce a self-
sustaining population, this paragraph (l) will not be used to
reintroduce additional bears. Any remaining bears will retain their
experimental status.
(ii) Prior to declaring the experimental reintroduction a failure,
we will investigate the probable causes of the failure. If the causes
can be determined, and legal and reasonable remedial measures identified
and implemented, we will consider continuing the recovery effort and
maintaining the relocated population. If such reasonable measures cannot
be identified and implemented, we will publish the results of our
evaluation in the Federal Register in a proposed rulemaking to terminate
the authority for additional experimental grizzly bear reintroductions
in the Bitterroot ecosystem.
(15) Will the legal status of grizzly bears in the Experimental
Population Area change? We do not intend to change the ``nonessential
experimental'' designation to ``essential experimental,''
``threatened,'' or ``endangered'' and foresee no likely situation that
would result in such changes. Critical habitat cannot be designated
under the nonessential experimental classification, 16 U.S.C.
1539(j)(2)(C)(ii).
(16) What are the definitions of key terms used in the special rule
in this paragraph (l)? In addition to terms defined in Sec. 10.12 and
17.3 of this subchapter, the following terms apply to this paragraph
(l):
Accommodate means allowing grizzly bears that move outside the
Recovery Area onto public land in the Experimental Population Area to
remain undisturbed unless they demonstrate a real and imminent threat to
human safety or livestock.
Citizen Management Committee (Committee) means that Committee
described in paragraph (l)(6) of this section.
Current range means the area inside or within 10 miles of the
recovery zone line of currently occupied grizzly bear recovery zones or
any area where there is a grizzly bear population, as defined in this
paragraph (l)(16).
Exclusion area (Bitterroot Valley) means those private lands in
Montana lying within the Bitterroot Experimental Population Area in the
Bitterroot Valley outside the Bitterroot National Forest boundary south
of U.S. Highway 12 to Lost Trail Pass and west of Highway 93.
Experimental Population Area (Bitterroot Grizzly Bear Experimental
Population Area) means that area delineated in paragraph (l)(1) of this
section within which management plans developed as part of the Committee
described in paragraph (l)(9) of this section will be in effect. This
area includes the Recovery Area. The Experimental Population Area is
within the historic range of the grizzly bear, but geographically
separate from the current range of the grizzly bear.
Geographically separate means separated by more than 10 miles. The
term refers to ``wholly separate geographically'' in section 10(j)(2) of
the Act. The Experimental Population Area and the recovery zone boundary
of any existing grizzly bear population must be geographically separate.
Grizzly bear population is defined by verified evidence within the
previous 6 years which consists of photos within the area, verified
tracks, or sightings by reputable scientists or agency personnel of at
least two different female grizzly bears with young or one female with
different litters in 2 different years in an area geographically
separate from other grizzly bear populations. Verifiable evidence of
females with young, to be geographically separate, would have to occur
greater than
[[Page 205]]
10 miles from the nearest nonexperimental grizzly bear population
recovery zone boundary.
Opportunistic, noninjurious harassment means harassment (see
definition of ``harass'' in Sec. 17.3) that occurs when the grizzly
bear presents itself (for example, the bear travels onto and is observed
on private land or near livestock). This paragraph (l) permits only this
type of harassment. You cannot track, attract, search out, or chase a
grizzly bear and then harass it. Any harassment must not cause bodily
injury or death to the grizzly bear. The intent of harassment permitted
by this definitioin is to scare bears away from the immediate area.
Recovery Area (Bitterroot Grizzly Bear Recovery Area) means the area
of recovery emphasis within the Experimental Population Area, and is
delineated in paragraph (l)(2) of this section. This area consists of
the Selway-Bitterroot and Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness
areas. The Recovery Area is within the historic range of the species.
Recovery emphasis means grizzly bear management decisions in the
Recovery Area will favor bear recovery so that this area can serve as
core habitat for survival, reproduction, and dispersal of the recovering
population. Reintroduction of grizzly bears is planned to occur within
the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness portion of the Recovery Area unless it
is later determined that reintroduction in the Frank Church-River of No
Return Wilderness is appropriate.
Unavoidable and unintentional take means accidental, unintentional
take (see definition of take in Sec. 10.12 of this subchapter) that
occurs despite reasonable care, is incidental to an otherwise lawful
activity, and is not done on purpose. An example would be striking a
grizzly bear with an automobile. Taking a grizzly bear by shooting will
not be considered unavoidable and unintentional take. Shooters have the
responsibility to be sure of their targets.
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[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR17NO00.008
(m) Spotfin chub (=turquoise shiner) (Erimonax monachus), duskytail
darter (Etheostoma percnurum), smoky madtom (Noturus baileyi).
(1) Where are populations of these fishes designated as nonessential
experimental populations (NEPs)?
(i) The NEP area for these three fishes is within the species'
probable historic ranges and is defined as follows: The Tellico River,
between the backwaters of the Tellico Reservoir (approximately Tellico
River mile 19 (30.4 kilometers) and Tellico River mile 33 (52.8
kilometers), near the Tellico Ranger Station, Monroe County, Tennessee.
[[Page 207]]
(ii) None of the fishes named in paragraph (m) of this section are
currently known to exist in the Tellico River or its tributaries. Based
on the habitat requirements of these fishes, we do not expect them to
become established outside the NEP area. However, if any individuals of
any of the species move upstream or downstream or into tributaries
outside the designated NEP area, we would presume that they came from
the reintroduced populations. We would then amend paragraph (m)(1)(i) of
this section and enlarge the boundaries of the NEP area to include the
entire range of the expanded population.
(iii) We do not intend to change the NEP designations to ``essential
experimental,'' ``threatened,'' or ``endangered'' within the NEP area.
Additionally, we will not designate critical habitat for these NEPs, as
provided by 16 U.S.C. 1539(j)(2)(C)(ii).
(2) What activities are not allowed in the NEP area?
(i) Except as expressly allowed in paragraph (m)(3) of this section,
all the prohibitions of Sec. 17.31 (a) and (b) apply to the fishes
identified in paragraph (m)(1) of this section.
(ii) Any manner of take not described under paragraph (m)(3) of this
section is prohibited in the NEP area. We may refer unauthorized take of
these species to the appropriate authorities for prosecution.
(iii) You may not possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export by any means whatsoever any of the identified fishes,
or parts thereof, that are taken or possessed in violation of paragraph
(m)(2) of this section or in violation of the applicable State fish and
wildlife laws or regulations or the Act.
(iv) You may not attempt to commit, solicit another to commit, or
cause to be committed any offense defined in paragraph (m)(2) of this
section.
(3) What take is allowed in the NEP area? Take of this species that
is incidental to an otherwise legal activity, such as recreation (e.g.,
fishing, boating, wading, trapping, or swimming), forestry, agriculture,
and other activities that are in accordance with Federal, State, and
local laws and regulations, is allowed.
(4) How will the effectiveness of these reintroductions be
monitored? We will prepare periodic progress reports and fully evaluate
these reintroduction efforts after 5 and 10 years to determine whether
to continue or terminate the reintroduction efforts.
(5)
Note: Map of the NEP area for spotfin chub, duskytail darter, smoky
madtom, and and yellowfin madtom (see paragraph (e) of this section) in
Tennessee follows:
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[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR08AP05.002
(n) Gray wolf (Canis lupus). (1) The gray wolves (wolf) identified
in paragraphs (n)(9)(i) and (ii) of this section are nonessential
experimental populations. These wolves will be managed in accordance
with the respective provisions of this paragraph (n) in the boundaries
of the nonessential experimental population (NEP) areas within any State
or Tribal reservation that has a wolf management plan that has been
approved by the Service, as further provided in this paragraph (n).
Furthermore, any State or Tribe that has a wolf management plan approved
[[Page 209]]
by the Service can petition the Secretary of the Department of the
Interior (DOI) to assume the lead authority for wolf management under
this rule within the borders of the NEP areas in their respective State
or reservation.
(2) The Service finds that management of nonessential experimental
gray wolves, as defined in this paragraph (n), will further the
conservation of the species.
(3) Definitions of terms used in paragraph (n) of this section
follow:
Active den site--A den or a specific above-ground site that is being
used on a daily basis by wolves to raise newborn pups during the period
April 1 to June 30.
Breeding pair--An adult male and an adult female wolf that, during
the previous breeding season, produced at least two pups that survived
until December 31 of the year of their birth.
Designated agent--Includes Federal agencies authorized or directed
by the Service, and States or Tribes with a wolf management plan
approved by the Director of the Service and with established cooperative
agreements with us or Memoranda of Agreement (MOAs) approved by the
Secretary of the DOI. Federal agencies, States, or Tribes may become
``designated agents'' through cooperative agreements with the Service
whereby they agree to assist the Service to implement some portions of
this rule. If a State or Tribe becomes a ``designated agent'' through a
cooperative agreement, the Service will help coordinate their activities
and retain authority for program direction, oversight, and guidance.
States and Tribes with approved plans also may become ``designated
agents'' by submitting a petition to the Secretary to establish an MOA
under this rule. Once accepted by the Secretary, the MOA may allow the
State or Tribe to assume lead authority for wolf management and to
implement the portions of their State or Tribal plans that are
consistent with this rule. The Service oversight (aside from Service law
enforcement investigations) under an MOA is limited to monitoring
compliance with this rule, issuing written authorizations for wolf take
on reservations without approved wolf management plans, and an annual
review of the State or Tribal program to ensure the wolf population is
being maintained above recovery levels.
Domestic animals--Animals that have been selectively bred over many
generations to enhance specific traits for their use by humans,
including use as pets. This includes livestock (as defined below) and
dogs.
Intentional harassment--The deliberate and pre-planned harassment of
wolves, including by less-than-lethal munitions (such as 12-gauge
shotgun rubber-bullets and bean-bag shells), that are designed to cause
physical discomfort and temporary physical injury but not death. The
wolf may have been tracked, waited for, chased, or searched out and then
harassed.
In the act of attacking--The actual biting, wounding, grasping, or
killing of livestock or dogs, or chasing, molesting, or harassing by
wolves that would indicate to a reasonable person that such biting,
wounding, grasping, or killing of livestock or dogs is likely to occur
at any moment.
Landowner--An owner of private land, or his/her immediate family
members, or the owner's employees who are currently employed to actively
work on that private land. In addition, the owner(s) (or his/her
employees) of livestock that are currently and legally grazed on that
private land and other lease-holders on that private land (such as
outfitters or guides who lease hunting rights from private landowners),
are considered landowners on that private land for the purposes of this
regulation. Private land, under this regulation, also includes all non-
Federal land and land within Tribal reservations. Individuals legally
using Tribal lands in States with approved plans are considered
landowners for the purposes of this rule. ``Landowner'' in this
regulation includes legal grazing permittees or their current employees
on State, county, or city public or Tribal grazing lands.
Livestock--Cattle, sheep, horses, mules, goats, domestic bison, and
herding and guarding animals (llamas, donkeys, and certain breeds of
dogs commonly used for herding or guarding livestock). Livestock
excludes dogs that are not being used for livestock guarding or herding.
[[Page 210]]
Non injurious--Does not cause either temporary or permanent physical
damage or death.
Opportunistic harassment--Harassment without the conduct of prior
purposeful actions to attract, track, wait for, or search out the wolf.
Private land--All land other than that under Federal Government
ownership and administration and including Tribal reservations.
Problem wolves--Wolves that have been confirmed by the Service or
our designated agent(s) to have attacked or been in the act of attacking
livestock or dogs on private land or livestock on public land within the
past 45 days. Wolves that we or our designated agent(s) confirm to have
attacked any other domestic animals on private land twice within a
calendar year are considered problem wolves for purposes of agency wolf
control actions.
Public land--Federal land such as that administered by the National
Park Service, Service, Bureau of Land Management, USDA Forest Service,
Bureau of Reclamation, Department of Defense, or other agencies with the
Federal Government.
Public land permittee--A person or that person's employee who has an
active, valid Federal land-use permit to use specific Federal lands to
graze livestock, or operate an outfitter or guiding business that uses
livestock. This definition does not include private individuals or
organizations who have Federal permits for other activities on public
land such as collecting firewood, mushrooms, antlers, Christmas trees,
or logging, mining, oil or gas development, or other uses that do not
require livestock. In recognition of the special and unique authorities
of Tribes and their relationship with the U.S. Government, for the
purposes of this rule, the definition includes Tribal members who
legally graze their livestock on ceded public lands under recognized
Tribal treaty rights.
Remove--Place in captivity, relocate to another location, or kill.
Research--Scientific studies resulting in data that will lend to
enhancement of the survival of the gray wolf.
Rule--Federal regulations--``This rule'' or ``this regulation''
refers to this final NEP regulation; ``1994 rules'' refers to the 1994
NEP rules (50 CFR 17.84(i)); and ``4(d) rule'' refers to the 2003
special 4(d) regulations for threatened wolves in the Western DPS (50
CFR 17.40(n)), outside of the experimental population areas.
Unacceptable impact--State or Tribally-determined decline in a wild
ungulate population or herd, primarily caused by wolf predation, so that
the population or herd is not meeting established State or Tribal
management goals. The State or Tribal determination must be peer-
reviewed and reviewed and commented on by the public, prior to a final
determination by the Service that an unacceptable impact has occurred,
and that wolf removal is not likely to impede wolf recovery.
Wounded--Exhibiting scraped or torn hide or flesh, bleeding, or
other evidence of physical damage caused by a wolf bite.
(4) Allowable forms of take of gray wolves. The following
activities, only in the specific circumstances described under this
paragraph (n)(4), are allowed: opportunistic harassment; intentional
harassment; take on private land; take on public land; take in response
to impacts on wild ungulate populations; take in defense of human life;
take to protect human safety; take by designated agents to remove
problem wolves; incidental take; take under permits; take per
authorizations for employees of designated agents; and take for research
purposes. Other than as expressly provided in this rule, all other forms
of take are considered a violation of section 9 of the Act. Any wolf or
wolf part taken legally must be turned over to the Service unless
otherwise specified in this paragraph (n). Any take of wolves must be
reported as outlined in paragraph (n)(6) of this section.
(i) Opportunistic harassment. Anyone may conduct opportunistic
harassment of any gray wolf in a non-injurious manner at any time.
Opportunistic harassment must be reported to the Service or our
designated agent(s) within 7 days as outlined in paragraph (n)(6) of
this section.
(ii) Intentional harassment. After we or our designated agent(s)
have confirmed wolf activity on private land, on
[[Page 211]]
a public land grazing allotment, or on a Tribal reservation, we or our
designated agent(s) may issue written take authorization valid for not
longer than 1 year, with appropriate conditions, to any landowner or
public land permittee to intentionally harass wolves. The harassment
must occur in the area and under the conditions as specifically
identified in the written take authorization.
(iii) Take by landowners on their private land. Landowners may take
wolves on their private land in the following two additional
circumstances:
(A) Any landowner may immediately take a gray wolf in the act of
attacking livestock or dogs on their private land, provided the
landowner provides evidence of livestock or dogs recently (less than 24
hours) wounded, harassed, molested, or killed by wolves, and we or our
designated agent(s) are able to confirm that the livestock or dogs were
wounded, harassed, molested, or killed by wolves. The carcass of any
wolf taken and the area surrounding it should not be disturbed in order
to preserve physical evidence that the take was conducted according to
this rule. The take of any wolf without such evidence of a direct and
immediate threat may be referred to the appropriate authorities for
prosecution.
(B) A landowner may take wolves on his/her private land if we or our
designated agent issued a ``shoot-on-sight'' written take authorization
of limited duration (45 days or less), and if:
(1) This landowner's property has had at least one depredation by
wolves on livestock or dogs that has been confirmed by us or our
designated agent(s) within the past 30 days; and
(2) We or our designated agent(s) have determined that problem
wolves are routinely present on that private property and present a
significant risk to the health and safety of other livestock or dogs;
and
(3) We or our designated agent(s) have authorized agency lethal
removal of problem wolves from that same property. The landowner must
conduct the take in compliance with the written take authorization
issued by the Service or our designated agent(s).
(iv) Take on public land. Any livestock producer and public land
permittee (see definitions in paragraph (n)(3) of this section) who is
legally using public land under a valid Federal land-use permit may
immediately take a gray wolf in the act of attacking his/her livestock
on his/her allotment or other area authorized for his/her use without
prior written authorization, provided that producer or permittee
provides evidence of livestock recently (less than 24 hours) wounded,
harassed, molested, or killed by wolves, and we or our designated
agent(s) are able to confirm that the livestock were wounded, harassed,
molested, or killed by wolves. The carcass of any wolf taken and the
area surrounding it should not be disturbed, in order to preserve
physical evidence that the take was conducted according to this rule.
The take of any wolf without such evidence may be referred to the
appropriate authorities for prosecution.
(A) At our or our designated agent(s)' discretion, we or our
designated agent(s) also may issue a shoot-on-sight written take
authorization of limited duration (45 days or less) to a public land
grazing permittee to take problem wolves on that permittee's active
livestock grazing allotment if:
(1) The grazing allotment has had at least one depredation by wolves
on livestock that has been confirmed by us or our designated agent(s)
within the past 30 days; and
(2) We or our designated agent(s) have determined that problem
wolves are routinely present on that allotment and present a significant
risk to the health and safety of livestock; and
(3) We or our designated agent(s) have authorized agency lethal
removal of problem wolves from that same allotment.
(B) The permittee must conduct the take in compliance with the
written take authorization issued by the Service or our designated
agent(s).
(v) Take in response to wild ungulate impacts. If wolf predation is
having an unacceptable impact on wild ungulate populations (deer, elk,
moose, bighorn sheep, mountain goats, antelope, or bison) as determined
by the respective State or Tribe, a State or Tribe may lethally remove
the wolves in question.
[[Page 212]]
(A) In order for this provision to apply, the States or Tribes must
prepare a science-based document that:
(1) Describes what data indicate that ungulate herd is below
management objectives, what data indicate the impact by wolf predation
on the ungulate population, why wolf removal is a warranted solution to
help restore the ungulate herd to State or Tribal management objectives,
the level and duration of wolf removal being proposed, and how ungulate
population response to wolf removal will be measured;
(2) Identifies possible remedies or conservation measures in
addition to wolf removal; and
(3) Provides an opportunity for peer review and public comment on
their proposal prior to submitting it to the Service for written
concurrence.
(B) We must determine that such actions are scientifically-based and
will not reduce the wolf population below recovery levels before we
authorize lethal wolf removal.
(vi) Take in defense of human life. Any person may take a gray wolf
in defense of the individual's life or the life of another person. The
unauthorized taking of a wolf without demonstration of an immediate and
direct threat to human life may be referred to the appropriate
authorities for prosecution.
(vii) Take to protect human safety. We or our designated agent(s)
may promptly remove any wolf that we or our designated agent(s)
determines to be a threat to human life or safety.
(viii) Take of problem wolves by Service personnel or our designated
agent(s). We or our designated agent(s) may carry out harassment, non
lethal control measures, relocation, placement in captivity, or lethal
control of problem wolves. To determine the presence of problem wolves,
we or our designated agent(s) will consider all of the following:
(A) Evidence of wounded livestock, dogs, or other domestic animals,
or remains of livestock, dogs, or domestic animals that show that the
injury or death was caused by wolves, or evidence that wolves were in
the act of attacking livestock, dogs, or domestic animals;
(B) The likelihood that additional wolf-caused losses or attacks may
occur if no control action is taken;
(C) Evidence of unusual attractants or artificial or intentional
feeding of wolves; and
(D) Evidence that animal husbandry practices recommended in approved
allotment plans and annual operating plans were followed.
(ix) Incidental take. Take of a gray wolf is allowed if the take is
accidental and incidental to an otherwise lawful activity and if
reasonable due care was practiced to avoid such take, and such take is
reported within 24 hours. Incidental take is not allowed if the take is
not accidental or if reasonable due care was not practiced to avoid such
take, or it was not reported within 24 hours (we may allow additional
time if access to the site of the take is limited), and we may refer
such taking to the appropriate authorities for prosecution. Shooters
have the responsibility to identify their target before shooting.
Shooting a wolf as a result of mistaking it for another species is not
considered accidental and may be referred to the appropriate authorities
for prosecution.
(x) Take under permits. Any person with a valid permit issued by the
Service under Sec. 17.32, or our designated agent(s), may take wolves
in the wild, pursuant to terms of the permit.
(xi) Additional take authorization for agency employees. When acting
in the course of official duties, any employee of the Service or our
designated agent(s) may take a wolf or wolf-like canid for the following
purposes:
(A) Scientific purposes;
(B) To avoid conflict with human activities;
(C) To further wolf survival and recovery;
(D) To aid or euthanize sick, injured, or orphaned wolves;
(E) To dispose of a dead specimen;
(F) To salvage a dead specimen that may be used for scientific
study;
(G) To aid in law enforcement investigations involving wolves; or
(H) To prevent wolves or wolf-like canids with abnormal physical or
behavioral characteristics, as determined by the Service or our
designated
[[Page 213]]
agent(s), from passing on or teaching those traits to other wolves.
(I) Such take must be reported to the Service within 7 days as
outlined in paragraph (n)(6) of this section, and specimens are to be
retained or disposed of only in accordance with directions from the
Service.
(xii) Take for research purposes. We may issue permits under Sec.
17.32, or our designated agent(s) may issue written authorization, for
individuals to take wolves in the wild pursuant to approved scientific
study proposals. Scientific studies should be reasonably expected to
result in data that will lend to development of sound management of the
gray wolf, and lend to enhancement of its survival as a species.
(5) Federal land use. Restrictions on the use of any Federal lands
may be put in place to prevent the take of wolves at active den sites
between April 1 and June 30. Otherwise, no additional land-use
restrictions on Federal lands, except for National Parks or National
Wildlife Refuges, may be necessary to reduce or prevent take of wolves
solely to benefit gray wolf recovery under the Act. This prohibition
does not preclude restricting land use when necessary to reduce negative
impacts of wolf restoration efforts on other endangered or threatened
species.
(6) Reporting requirements. Except as otherwise specified in
paragraph (n) of this section or in a permit, any take of a gray wolf
must be reported to the Service or our designated agent(s) within 24
hours. We will allow additional reasonable time if access to the site is
limited. Report any take of wolves, including opportunistic harassment,
to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Western Gray Wolf Recovery
Coordinator (100 North Park, Suite 320, Helena, Montana 59601, 406-449-
5225 extension 204; facsimile 406-449-5339), or a Service-designated
agent of another Federal, State, or Tribal agency. Unless otherwise
specified in paragraph (n) of this section, any wolf or wolf part taken
legally must be turned over to the Service, which will determine the
disposition of any live or dead wolves.
(7) No person shall possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export by any means whatsoever, any wolf or part thereof from
the experimental populations taken in violation of the regulations in
paragraph (n) of this section or in violation of applicable State or
Tribal fish and wildlife laws or regulations or the Act.
(8) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit
another to commit, or cause to be committed any offense defined in this
section.
(9) The sites for these experimental populations are within the
historic range of the species as designated in Sec. 17.84(i)(7):
(i) The central Idaho NEP area is shown on Map 1. The boundaries of
the NEP area are those portions of Idaho that are south of Interstate
Highway 90 and west of Interstate 15, and those portions of Montana
south of Interstate 90, Highways 93 and 12 from Missoula, Montana, west
of Interstate 15.
[[Page 214]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JA05.000
(ii) The Yellowstone NEP is shown on Map 2. The boundaries of the
NEP area are that portion of Idaho that is east of Interstate Highway
15; that portion of Montana that is east of Interstate Highway 15 and
south of the Missouri River from Great Falls, Montana, to the eastern
Montana border; and all of Wyoming.
[[Page 215]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JA05.001
(iii) All wolves found in the wild within the boundaries of these
experimental areas are considered nonessential experimental animals. In
the Western Gray Wolf Distinct Population Segment (Washington, Oregon,
California, Nevada, Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, and Utah and Colorado north
of Highway 50 and Interstate 70), any wolf that is outside an
experimental area is considered threatened. Disposition of wolves
outside the NEP areas may take any of the following courses:
(A) Any wolf dispersing from the experimental population areas into
other
[[Page 216]]
parts of the Western DPS will be managed under the special 4(d) rule for
threatened wolves in the Western DPS (50 CFR 17.40(n)).
(B) Any wolf originating from the experimental population areas and
dispersing beyond the borders of the Western DPS may be managed by the
wolf management regulations established for that area, or may be
returned to the experimental population areas if it has not been
involved in conflicts with people, or may be removed if it has been
involved with conflicts with people.
(10) Wolves in the experimental population areas will be monitored
by radio-telemetry or other standard wolf population monitoring
techniques as appropriate. Any animal that is sick, injured, or
otherwise in need of special care may be captured by authorized
personnel of the Service or our designated agent(s) and given
appropriate care. Such an animal will be released back into its
respective area as soon as possible, unless physical or behavioral
problems make it necessary to return the animal to captivity or
euthanize it.
(11) Memoranda of Agreement (MOAs). Any State or Tribe with gray
wolves, subject to the terms of this paragraph (n), may petition the
Secretary for an MOA to take over lead management responsibility and
authority to implement this rule by managing the nonessential
experimental gray wolves in that State or on that Tribal reservation,
and implement all parts of their approved State or Tribal plan that are
consistent with this rule, provided that the State or Tribe has a wolf
management plan approved by the Secretary.
(i) A State or Tribal petition for wolf management under an MOA must
show:
(A) That authority and management capability resides in the State or
Tribe to conserve the gray wolf throughout the geographical range of all
experimental populations within the State or within the Tribal
reservation.
(B) That the State or Tribe has an acceptable conservation program
for the gray wolf, throughout all of the NEP areas within the State or
Tribal reservation, including the requisite authority and capacity to
carry out that conservation program.
(C) A description of exactly what parts of the approved State or
Tribal plan the State or Tribe intends to implement within the framework
of this rule.
(D) A description of the State or Tribal management progress will be
reported to the Service on at least an annual basis so the Service can
determine if State or Tribal management has maintained the wolf
population above recovery levels and was conducted in full compliance
with this rule.
(ii) The Secretary will approve such a petition upon a finding that
the applicable criteria are met and that approval is not likely to
jeopardize the continued existence of the gray wolf in the Western DPS,
as defined in Sec. 17.11(h).
(iii) If the Secretary approves the petition, the Secretary will
enter into an MOA with the Governor of that State or appropriate Tribal
representative.
(iv) An MOA for State or Tribal management as provided in this
section may allow a State or Tribe to become designated agents and lead
management of nonessential experimental gray wolf populations within the
borders of their jurisdictions in accordance with the State's or Tribe's
wolf management plan approved by the Service, except that:
(A) The MOA may not provide for any form of management inconsistent
with the protection provided to the species under this rule, without
further opportunity for appropriate public comment and review and
amendment of this rule;
(B) The MOA cannot vest the State or Tribe with any authority over
matters concerning section 4 of the Act (determining whether a species
warrants listing);
(C) The MOA may not provide for public hunting or trapping absent a
finding by the Secretary of an extraordinary case where population
pressures within a given ecosystem cannot be otherwise relieved; and
(D) In the absence of a Tribal wolf management plan or cooperative
agreement, the MOA cannot vest a State
[[Page 217]]
with the authority to issue written authorizations for wolf take on
reservations. The Service will retain the authority to issue these
written authorizations until a Tribal wolf management plan is approved.
(v) The MOA for State or Tribal wolf management must provide for
joint law enforcement responsibilities to ensure that the Service also
has the authority to enforce the State or Tribal management program
prohibitions on take.
(vi) The MOA may not authorize wolf take beyond that stated in the
experimental population rules but may be more restrictive.
(vii) The MOA will expressly provide that the results of
implementing the MOA may be the basis upon which State or Tribal
regulatory measures will be judged for delisting purposes.
(viii) The authority for the MOA will be the Act, the Fish and
Wildlife Act of 1956 (16 U.S.C. 742a-742j), and the Fish and Wildlife
Coordination Act (16 U.S.C. 661-667e), and any applicable treaty.
(ix) In order for the MOA to remain in effect, the Secretary must
find, on an annual basis, that the management under the MOA is not
jeopardizing the continued existence of the gray wolf in the Western
DPS. The Secretary or State or Tribe may terminate the MOA upon 90 days
notice if:
(A) Management under the MOA is likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the gray wolf in the Western DPS; or
(B) The State or Tribe has failed materially to comply with this
rule, the MOA, or any relevant provision of the State or Tribal wolf
management plan; or
(C) The Service determines that biological circumstances within the
range of the gray wolf indicate that delisting the species is not
warranted; or
(D) The States or Tribes determine that they no longer want the wolf
management authority vested in them by the Secretary in the MOA.
(o) Spotfin chub (=turquoise shiner) (Erimonax monachus), boulder
darter (Etheostoma wapiti).
(1) Where are populations of these fishes designated as nonessential
experimental populations (NEP)? (i) The NEP area for the boulder darter
and the spotfin chub is within the species' historic ranges and is
defined as follows: Shoal Creek (from Shoal Creek mile 41.7 (66.7 km))
at the mouth of Long Branch, Lawrence County, TN, downstream to the
backwaters of Wilson Reservoir (Shoal Creek mile 14 (22 km)) at Goose
Shoals, Lauderdale County, AL, including the lower 5 miles (8 km) of all
tributaries that enter this reach.
(ii) None of the fishes named in paragraph (o) of this section are
currently known to exist in Shoal Creek or its tributaries. Based on the
habitat requirements of these fishes, we do not expect them to become
established outside the NEP area. However, if any individuals of either
of the species move upstream or downstream or into tributaries outside
the designated NEP area, we would presume that they came from the
reintroduced populations.
(iii) We do not intend to change the NEP designations to ``essential
experimental,'' ``threatened,'' or ``endangered'' within the NEP area.
Additionally, we will not designate critical habitat for these NEPs, as
provided by 16 U.S.C. 1539(j)(2)(C)(ii).
(2) What take is allowed in the NEP area? Take of these species that
is accidental and incidental to an otherwise legal activity, such as
recreation (e.g., fishing, boating, wading, trapping, or swimming),
forestry, agriculture, and other activities that are in accordance with
Federal, State, and local laws and regulations, is allowed.
(3) What take of these species is not allowed in the NEP area? (i)
Except as expressly allowed in paragraph (o)(2) of this section, all the
provisions of Sec. 17.31(a) and (b) apply to the fishes identified in
paragraph (o)(1) of this section.
(ii) Any manner of take not described under paragraph (o)(2) of this
section is prohibited in the NEP area. We may refer unauthorized take of
these species to the appropriate authorities for prosecution.
(iii) You may not possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export by any means whatsoever any of the identified fishes,
or parts thereof, that are taken or possessed in violation of paragraph
(o)(3) of this section or in violation of the applicable State fish
[[Page 218]]
and wildlife laws or regulations or the Act.
(iv) You may not attempt to commit, solicit another to commit, or
cause to be committed any offense defined in paragraph (o)(3) of this
section.
(4) How will the effectiveness of these reintroductions be
monitored? After the initial stocking of these two fish, we will monitor
annually their presence or absence and document any spawning behavior or
young-of-the-year fish that might be present. This monitoring will be
conducted primarily by snorkeling or seining and will be accomplished by
contracting with the appropriate species experts. We will produce annual
reports detailing the stocking rates and monitoring activities that took
place during the previous year. We will also fully evaluate these
reintroduction efforts after 5 and 10 years to determine whether to
continue or terminate the reintroduction efforts.
(5) Note: Map of the NEP area for spotfin chub and boulder darter in
Tennessee and Alabama follows:
[[Page 219]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR08AP05.003
[[Page 220]]
[49 FR 35954, Sept. 13, 1984 and 50 FR 30194, July 24, 1985, as amended
at 51 FR 41797, Nov. 19, 1986; 52 FR 29780, Aug. 11, 1987; 53 FR 29337,
Aug. 4, 1988; 53 FR 37580, Sept. 27, 1988; 54 FR 43969, Oct. 30, 1989;
56 FR 41488, Aug. 21, 1991; 58 FR 5657, Jan. 22, 1993; 58 FR 52031, Oct.
6, 1993; 59 FR 42711, 42714, Aug. 18, 1994; 59 FR 60279, Nov. 22, 1994;
60 FR 18947, Apr. 13, 1995; 61 FR 11332, Mar. 20, 1996; 61 FR 54057,
Oct. 16, 1996; 62 FR 38939, July 21, 1997; 63 FR 1763, Jan. 12, 1998; 63
FR 52837, Oct. 1, 1998; 65 FR 60886, Oct. 13, 2000; 65 FR 69637, Nov.
17, 2000; 66 FR 33916, June 26, 2001; 67 FR 52427, Aug. 12, 2002; 68 FR
26508, May 16, 2003; 70 FR 1306, Jan. 6, 2005; 70 FR 17924, Apr. 8,
2005]
Sec. 17.85 Special rules--invertebrates.
(a) Cumberland bean (pearlymussel) (Villosa trabalis), tubercled
blossom (pearlymussel) (Epioblasma torulosa torulosa), turgid blossom
(pearlymussel) (Epioblasma turgidula), yellow blossom (pearlymussel)
(Epioblasma florentina florentina), catspaw (purple cat's paw
pearlymussel) (Epioblasma obliquata obliquata), clubshell (Pleurobema
clava), Cumberlandian combshell (Epioblasma brevidens), Alabama
lampmussel (Lampsilis virescens), winged mapleleaf (mussel) (Quadrula
fragosa), Cumberland monkeyface (pearlymussel) (Quadrula intermedia),
oyster mussel (Epioblasma capsaeformis), birdwing pearlymussel
(Conradilla caelata), cracking pearlymussel (Hemistena lata), dromedary
pearlymussel (Dromus dromas), fine-rayed pigtoe (Fusconaia cuneolus),
shiny pigtoe (Fusconaia cor), Anthony's riversnail (Athearnia anthonyi).
(1) Where are these mollusks designated as nonessential experimental
populations (NEPs)? (i) The NEP Area for these 17 mollusks is within the
species' historic ranges, and is defined as follows: The free-flowing
reach of the Tennessee River from the base of Wilson Dam downstream to
the backwaters of Pickwick Reservoir (river mile (RM) 259.4 [414.0 km]
to RM 246.0 [393.6 km] and includes the lower 5 RM (8 km) of all
tributaries to this reach in Colbert and Lauderdale Counties, Alabama.
(ii) None of the identified species are known to exist in any of the
tributaries to the free-flowing reach of the Tennessee River below
Wilson Dam or from below the backwaters of Pickwick Reservoir, Colbert
and Lauderdale Counties, Alabama. In the future, if any of the 17
mollusks are found upstream of the lower 5 RM (8 km) of these
tributaries or downstream into Pickwick Reservoir, we will presume the
animals came from the reintroduced NEP, and we will amend this rule and
enlarge the boundaries of the NEP Area to include the entire range of
the expanded population.
(iii) We do not intend to change the NEP designations to ``essential
experimental,'' ``threatened,'' or ``endangered'' within the NEP Area.
Additionally, we will not designate critical habitat for these NEPs, as
provided by 16 U.S.C. 1539(j)(2)(C)(ii).
(2) What activities are not allowed in the NEP Area? (i) Except as
expressly allowed in this rule, all the prohibitions of 17.31(a) and (b)
apply to the mollusks identified in this special rule.
(ii) Any manner of take not described under paragraph (a)(3) of this
section will not be allowed in the NEP Area. We may refer the
unauthorized take of these species to the appropriate authorities for
prosecution.
(iii) You may not possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export by any means whatsoever any of the identified 17
mollusks, or parts thereof, that are taken or possessed in violation of
these regulations or in violation of the applicable State fish and
wildlife laws or regulations or the Act.
(iv) You may not attempt to commit, solicit another to commit, or
cause to be committed any offense defined in this paragraph (a).
(3) What take is allowed in the NEP Area? (i) Take of these species
that is accidental and incidental to an otherwise lawful activity such
as fishing, boating, commercial navigation, trapping, wading, or mussel
harvesting, is allowed.
(ii) Any individual collecting or harvesting mussels must check
their collection prior to leaving the immediate area and return any NEP
mussels to the site where they were obtained.
(4) How will the effectiveness of these reintroductions be
monitored? We will prepare periodic progress reports and fully evaluate
these reintroduction efforts after 5 and 10 years to determine whether
to continue or terminate the reintroduction efforts.
[66 FR 32263, June 14, 2001]
[[Page 221]]
Sec. 17.86 Special rules--plants. [Reserved]
Subpart I_Interagency Cooperation
Sec. 17.94 Critical habitats.
(a) The areas listed in Sec. 17.95 (fish and wildlife) and Sec.
17.96 (plants) and referred to in the lists at Sec. Sec. 17.11 and
17.12 have been determined by the Director to be Critical Habitat. All
Federal agencies must insure that any action authorized, funded, or
carried out by them is not likely to result in the destruction or
adverse modification of the constituent elements essential to the
conservation of the listed species within these defined Critical
Habitats. (See part 402 for rules concerning this prohibition; see also
part 424 for rules concerning the determination of Critical Habitat).
(b) The map provided by the Director does not, unless otherwise
indicated, constitute the definition of the boundaries of a Critical
Habitat. Such maps are provided for reference purposes to guide Federal
agencies and other interested parties in locating the general boundaries
of the Critical Habitat. Critical Habitats are described by reference to
surveyable landmarks found on standard topographic maps of the area and
to the States and county(ies) within which all or part of the Critical
Habitat is located. Unless otherwise indicated within the Critical
Habitat description, the State and county(ies) names are provided for
informational purposes only.
(c) Critical Habitat management focuses only on the biological or
physical constituent elements within the defined area of Critical
Habitat that are essential to the conservation of the species. Those
major constituent elements that are known to require special management
considerations or protection will be listed with the description of the
Critical Habitat.
(d) The sequence of species within each list of Critical Habitats in
Sec. Sec. 17.95 and 17.96 will follow the sequences in the lists of
Endangered and Threatened wildlife (Sec. 17.11) and plants (Sec.
17.12). Multiple entries for each species will be alphabetic by State.
[45 FR 13021, Feb. 27, 1980]
Sec. 17.95 Critical habitat--fish and wildlife.
(a) Mammals.
Indiana Bat (Myotis sodalis)
Illinois. The Blackball Mine, La Salle County.
Indiana. Big Wyandotte Cave, Crawford County; Ray's Cave, Greene
County.
Kentucky. Bat Cave, Carter County; Coach Cave, Edmonson County.
Missouri. Cave 021, Crawford County; Cave 009, Franklin County; Cave
017, Franklin County; Pilot Knob Mine, Iron County; Bat Cave, Shannon
County; Cave 029, Washington County (numbers assigned by Division of
Ecological Services, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 6).
Tennessee. White Oak Blowhole Cave, Blount county.
West Virginia. Hellhole Cave, Pendleton County.
Note: No map.
Mariana Fruit Bat (Pteropus mariannus mariannus)
(1) The critical habitat unit for the Mariana fruit bat is depicted
for the Territory of Guam on the maps below.
(2) Within this area, the primary constituent elements required by
the Mariana fruit bat for the biological needs of foraging, sheltering,
roosting, and rearing of young are found in areas supporting limestone,
secondary, ravine, swamp, agricultural, and coastal forests composed of
native or introduced plant species. These forest types provide the
primary constituent elements of:
(i) Plant species used for foraging, such as Artocarpus sp.
(breadfruit), Carica papaya (papaya), Cycas circinalis (fadang), Ficus
spp. (fig), Pandanus tectorius (kafu), Cocos nucifera (coconut palm),
and Terminalia catappa (talisai); and
(ii) Remote locations, often within 328 ft (100 m) of clifflines
that are 260 to 590 ft (80 to 100 m) tall, with limited exposure to
human disturbance; land that contains mature fig, Mammea odorata
(chopak), Casuarina equisetifolia (gago), Macaranga thompsonii (pengua),
Guettarda speciosa (panao), Neisosperma oppositifolia (fagot), and other
tree species that are used for roosting and breeding.
(3) Critical habitat does not include existing features and
structures within the boundaries of the mapped units, such as buildings,
roads, aqueducts, antennas, water tanks, agricultural fields, paved
areas, lawns, and other urban landscaped areas not
[[Page 222]]
containing one or more of the primary constituent elements.
(4) The critical habitat unit is described below. Coordinates are in
UTM Zone 55 with units in meters using North American Datum of 1983
(NAD83)/World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84).
(i) Note: Map 1--General Location of the Mariana Fruit Bat Unit
follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR28OC04.000
(ii) Guam, Mariana fruit bat (376 ac; 152 ha).
(A) Unit consists of the following nine boundary points: 267358,
1509113; 267338, 1509107; 267277, 1509113; 271077, 1508881; 271071,
1508878; 270766, 1509058; 269030, 1510105; 268659, 1510129; 267697,
1509376.
(B)
Note: Map 2 showing Mariana Fruit Bat Unit follows:
[[Page 223]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR28OC04.001
Virginia Big-eared Bat (Plecotus townsendii virginianus)
West Virginia. Cave Mountain Cave, Hellhole Cave, Hoffman School
Cave, and Sinnit Cave, each in Pendleton County; Cave Hollow Cave,
Tucker County.
Note: Map follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN91.009
Fresno Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys nitratoides exilis)
California. An area of land, water, and airspace in Fresno County,
with the following components (Mt. Diablo Base Meridian): T14S R15E,
E\1/2\ NW\1/4\ and NE\1/4\ Sec. 11, that part of W\1/2\ Sec. 12 north of
the Southern Pacific Railroad, E\1/2\ Sec. 12; T14S R16E, that part of
Sec. 7 south of the Southern Pacific Railroad.
Within this area, the major constituent elements that are known to
require special management considerations or protection are the hummocks
and substrate that provide sites for burrow construction, and the
natural alkali sink-open grassland vegetation that provides food and
escape cover.
Note: Map follows:
[[Page 224]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN91.010
Morro Bay Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys heermanni morroensis)
California. An area of land, water, and airspace in San Luis Obispo
County, with the following components (Mt. Diablo Meridian): T30S R10E
S\1/2\ Sec. 14, those portions of Sec. 23-24 west of Pecho Valley Road.
Note: Map follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN91.011
San Bernardino Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami parvus)
(1) Critical Habitat Units are depicted for San Bernardino and
Riverside counties, California, on the maps below.
(2) Within these areas, the primary constituent elements for the San
Bernardino kangaroo rat are those habitat components that are essential
for the primary biological needs of the species. Based on our current
knowledge of this species, the primary constituent elements include:
(i) Soil series consisting predominantly of sand, loamy sand, sandy
loam, or loam;
(ii) Alluvial sage scrub and associated vegetation, such as coastal
sage scrub and chamise chaparral, with a moderately open canopy.
(iii) River, creek, stream, and wash channels; alluvial fans;
floodplains; floodplain benches and terraces; and historic braided
channels that are subject to dynamic geomorphological and hydrological
processes typical of fluvial systems within the historical range of the
San Bernardino kangaroo rat. These areas may include a mosaic of
suitable and unsuitable soils and vegetation that either (A) occur at a
scale smaller than the home range of the animal, or (B) form a series of
core areas and linkages between them.
(iv) Upland areas proximal to floodplains with suitable habitat
(e.g., floodplains that support the soils, vegetation, or
geomorphological, hydrological and aeolian processes essential to this
species). These areas are essential due to their geographic proximity to
suitable habitat and the functions they serve during flooding events.
These areas may include marginal habitats such as agricultural lands
that are disced annually, out-of-production vineyards, margins of
orchards, areas of active or inactive industrial or resource extraction
activities, and urban/wildland interfaces.
(3) Existing features and structures, such as buildings, roads,
railroads, airports, other paved areas, lawns, and other urban
landscaped areas, do not contain one or more of the primary constituent
elements. Federal actions limited to those areas, therefore, would not
trigger a consultation under section 7 of the Act unless they affect the
species and/or primary constituent elements in adjacent critical
habitat.
(4) Critical Habitat Map Units-Index Map Follows.
[[Page 225]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR23AP02.001
(5) Unit 1: Santa Ana River and Wash, San Bernardino County, California
(i) From USGS 1:24,000 quadrangle maps Harrison Mountain (1980),
Yucaipa (1988), Redlands (1980), and San Bernardino South (1980),
California, lands in the Santa Ana Wash bounded by the following
Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) North American Datum 1927 (NAD27)
coordinates (E, N): 482376, 3776863; 482520, 3777020; 482425, 3777267;
482403, 3777426; 482590, 3777477; 482714, 3777417; 482755, 3777375;
482793, 3777315; 482847, 3777277; 482942, 3777261; 482977, 3777201;
483050, 3777175; 483142, 3777191; 483238, 3777159; 483282, 3777128;
483285, 3777023; 483257, 3777023; 483250, 3776778; 483168, 3776763;
483088, 3776797; 483003, 3776807; 482965, 3776855; 482885, 3777007;
482841, 3777032; 482603, 3777036; 482552, 3776943; 482558, 3776715;
482692, 3776286; 482708, 3776201; 482717, 3775426; 482568, 3775426;
482435, 3775170; 482428, 3774953; 482444, 3774750; 482574, 3774556;
483247, 3774550; 483244, 3773978; 484038, 3773981; 484038, 3773734;
484746, 3773730; 484752, 3774140; 485628, 3774128; 485628, 3774419;
485787, 3774423; 485787, 3774391; 486009, 3774391; 486006, 3774492;
486073, 3774489; 486298, 3774362; 486270, 3774286; 486222, 3774267;
486149, 3774267; 486108, 3774238; 486079, 3774194; 486076, 3774149;
486197, 3774162; 486463, 3774356; 486717, 3774438; 486873, 3774496;
486994, 3774578; 487038, 3774715; 487044, 3774848; 487022, 3774953;
486994, 3774988; 487159, 3774981; 487194, 3774889; 487244, 3774788;
487191, 3774543; 487111, 3774435; 486879, 3774229; 486848, 3774127;
488140, 3773892; 488251, 3773835; 488324, 3773775; 488394, 3773680;
488467, 3773622; 488546, 3773578; 488649, 3773548; 488651, 3773549;
490156, 3773511; 490219, 3773476; 490121, 3773435; 490019, 3773387;
489994, 3773356; 489896, 3773311; 489778, 3773356; 489730, 3773403;
488597, 3773435; 488378, 3773286; 488384, 3773257; 488356, 3773124;
488499, 3772708; 488645, 3772622; 489184, 3772616; 489762, 3772965;
489816, 3773035;
[[Page 226]]
490029, 3773124; 490134, 3773086; 490327, 3773191; 490324, 3773372;
490296, 3773432; 490264, 3773480; 490248, 3773495; 490334, 3773572;
490429, 3773562; 490585, 3773657; 490769, 3773784; 490804, 3773934;
490826, 3774080; 490832, 3774172; 490804, 3774229; 490762, 3774267;
490734, 3774330; 490937, 3774334; 490978, 3774105; 490940, 3774038;
490943, 3773915; 490921, 3773870; 490921, 3773657; 490873, 3773613;
490845, 3773508; 490842, 3773426; 490819, 3773381; 490769, 3773349;
490727, 3773267; 490642, 3773241; 490569, 3773184; 490505, 3773175;
490442, 3773086; 490346, 3773057; 490359, 3772927; 490340, 3772806;
490258, 3772683; 490267, 3772549; 490458, 3772568; 490464, 3772540;
490496, 3772530; 490540, 3772530; 490616, 3772521; 490629, 3772451;
490661, 3772416; 490613, 3772368; 490581, 3772333; 490575, 3772273;
490518, 3772273; 490458, 3772152; 490340, 3772156; 490302, 3772206;
490096, 3772210; 490026, 3772159; 489896, 3772108; 489813, 3772063;
489692, 3772006; 489686, 3771879; 489564, 3771905; 489632, 3771749;
489686, 3771495; 489819, 3771419; 489857, 3771340; 490219, 3771117;
490331, 3771079; 490442, 3770990; 490648, 3770905; 490661, 3770847;
490908, 3770813; 491010, 3770670; 491029, 3770546; 491112, 3770517;
491162, 3770578; 491334, 3770581; 491341, 3770971; 494610, 3770971;
494613, 3770968; 494972, 3770971; 494972, 3770352; 494814, 3770279;
494690, 3770346; 494509, 3770320; 494404, 3770295; 494261, 3770336;
494137, 3770295; 494048, 3770279; 493950, 3770289; 493886, 3770266;
493712, 3770244; 493591, 3770178; 493458, 3770152; 493375, 3770117;
493302, 3770162; 493172, 3770162; 493128, 3770181; 493036, 3770105;
492909, 3770120; 492883, 3770197; 492813, 3770197; 492709, 3770155;
492134, 3770149; 492134, 3770091; 490908, 3770079; 490905, 3769879;
490851, 3769847; 490762, 3769835; 490750, 3769676; 490334, 3769679;
490334, 3769768; 490242, 3769812; 489473, 3769825; 489476, 3769895;
489381, 3769917; 489384, 3770105; 489305, 3770105; 489308, 3770308;
489130, 3770482; 488901, 3770496; 488892, 3771333; 488086, 3771340;
488079, 3770917; 488010, 3770917; 488006, 3771006; 487810, 3771013;
487810, 3771359; 487705, 3771384; 487689, 3771314; 487268, 3771322;
487289, 3771375; 487260, 3771394; 487260, 3771428; 485895, 3771419;
485898, 3771359; 485965, 3771355; 485965, 3771241; 486556, 3771254;
486555, 3770949; 485673, 3770955; 485670, 3771346; 485568, 3771349;
485492, 3771305; 485362, 3771216; 485327, 3771254; 485241, 3771209;
485212, 3771219; 484946, 3771219; 484822, 3771289; 484705, 3771317;
484492, 3771314; 484432, 3771277; 484311, 3771273; 484149, 3771336;
484101, 3771336; 483952, 3771292; 483790, 3771289; 483663, 3771314;
483460, 3771384; 483428, 3771359; 482958, 3771352; 482958, 3771590;
483060, 3771565; 483079, 3771676; 482736, 3771752; 482723, 3771717;
482555, 3771806; 482434, 3771863; 482384, 3771863; 482374, 3771914;
482234, 3771921; 482207, 3771948; 482206, 3772010; 482142, 3772010;
482050, 3772111; 481555, 3772114; 481549, 3772016; 481399, 3772010;
481263, 3771981; 481104, 3771908; 480841, 3771816; 480834, 3772000;
480780, 3771952; 480720, 3771930; 480710, 3771886; 480609, 3771911;
480517, 3772168; 480250, 3772165; 479914, 3772133; 479637, 3772089;
479282, 3772025; 479231, 3771987; 479221, 3771808; 479056, 3771752;
478859, 3771749; 478793, 3771708; 478602, 3771616; 478367, 3771619;
478285, 3771568; 477843, 3771295; 477777, 3771241; 477688, 3771216;
477605, 3771187; 477389, 3771124; 477250, 3771070; 477250, 3771016;
477189, 3771016; 477094, 3770968; 476993, 3770914; 476869, 3770886;
476735, 3770847; 476583, 3770933; 476488, 3770955; 476459, 3770892;
476354, 3770876; 476192, 3770714; 476103, 3770607; 476097, 3770613;
475954, 3770609; 475856, 3770625; 475802, 3770584; 475732, 3770539;
475618, 3770498; 475551, 3770466; 475345, 3770441; 475288, 3770406;
475183, 3770298; 475094, 3770206; 475069, 3770130; 474992, 3770108;
474983, 3770054; 474954, 3770031; 474910, 3769895; 474910, 3769714;
474837, 3769676; 474789, 3769714; 474770, 3769695; 474773, 3769673;
474726, 3769628; 474691, 3769631; 474707, 3769679; 474630, 3769679;
474618, 3769641; 474376, 3769638; 474380, 3769755; 474107, 3769714;
474043, 3769720; 473703, 3769673; 473640, 3769673; 473468, 3769619;
473462, 3769514; 473351, 3769476; 473354, 3769390; 472983, 3769374;
472970, 3769438; 472960, 3769784; 473268, 3769777; 473313, 3769793;
473322, 3769825; 473395, 3769889; 473706, 3769885; 474348, 3769962;
474392, 3770019; 474938, 3770327; 475043, 3770498; 475132, 3770590;
475367, 3770765; 475497, 3770873; 475789, 3771032; 475980, 3771136;
476123, 3771187; 476147, 3771188; 476151, 3771273; 476132, 3771397;
476151, 3772200; 476373, 3772200; 476373, 3771873; 476608, 3771752;
476621, 3771686; 476615, 3771622; 476631, 3771502; 476866, 3771508;
476869, 3771692; 477113, 3771692; 477062, 3771508; 477602, 3771505;
477609, 3771667; 477742, 3771759; 477777, 3771797; 478307, 3772086;
478291, 3772156; 478320, 3772203; 477942, 3772197; 477732, 3772137;
477310, 3771968; 477224, 3771902; 476910, 3771787; 476786, 3771768;
476697, 3771787; 476561, 3772054; 476520, 3772130; 476475, 3772162;
476415, 3772197; 476427, 3772210; 476805, 3772219; 476805, 3772140;
476831, 3772105; 476958, 3772079; 476983, 3772019; 478345, 3772489;
478421, 3772356; 478466, 3772375; 478399, 3772508; 479386, 3772864;
479386, 3772865; 479860, 3773022; 479841, 3773105; 479901, 3773184;
479872, 3773264; 479866, 3773391; 480034, 3773384; 480028, 3773784;
480809, 3773743; 480809, 3773391; 481009, 3773572; 481628, 3774302;
481626, 3774304; 481726, 3774429; 481707, 3774543; 481803, 3774556;
482047, 3774997; 482076, 3775099; 482079, 3775324; 482168, 3775331;
482228, 3775531; 482438, 3776058; 482447, 3776499; 482422, 3776705;
returning to 482376, 3776863.
(ii) Map Unit 1 follows.
[[Page 227]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR23AP02.002
(6) Unit 2: Lytle and Cajon Creeks, San Bernardino County, California
(i) From USGS 1:24,000 quadrangle maps San Bernardino South (1980),
San Bernardino North (1988), Devore (1988), and Cajon (1988),
California. Subunit 2a: Land bounded by the following UTM NAD27
coordinates (E,N): 459113, 3789417; 459304, 3789431; 459431, 3789507;
459586, 3789387; 459850, 3789253; 459989, 3788993; 460389, 3788590;
460586, 3788491; 460786, 3788294; 460888, 3788218; 461088, 3788082;
461196, 3787990; 461826, 3787406; 461831, 3787409; 461999, 3787259;
462221, 3787075; 462412, 3786923; 462533, 3786856; 462701, 3786742;
463028, 3786459; 463101, 3786027; 463079, 3785989; 463291, 3785821;
463555, 3785580; 463799, 3785084; 463907, 3784954; 464007, 3784892;
464444, 3784653; 464577, 3784557; 464717, 3784399; 464780, 3784281;
464898, 3783910; 464974, 3783770; 465104, 3783608; 465231, 3783510;
465565, 3783252; 465473, 3782871; 465504, 3782792; 465806, 3782557;
465850, 3782579; 466040, 3782336; 466174, 3782446; 465946, 3781582;
466523, 3781300; 466555, 3781373; 467520, 3781351; 467581, 3781265;
466800, 3780408; 466500, 3780067; 466581, 3779690; 466679, 3779392;
466733, 3779382; 466790, 3779293; 466882, 3779236; 466882, 3779125;
466917, 3779115; 466914, 3779058; 466978, 3779039; 466987, 3778992;
467139, 3778992; 467149, 3778738; 467387, 3778725; 467597, 3778496;
467752, 3778493; 467759, 3778339; 468060, 3778026; 468174, 3777982;
468181, 3777512; 468387, 3776995; 468476, 3776804; 469061, 3775917;
469184, 3775791; 469235, 3775769; 469775, 3775232; 469756, 3775201;
469660, 3775245; 469705, 3775074; 469752, 3775026; 469752, 3774632;
469781, 3774505; 469787, 3774296; 469822, 3774175; 469857, 3774172;
469857, 3774035; 469787, 3774020; 469711, 3773972; 469619, 3773883;
469492, 3773835; 469371, 3773845; 469206, 3773858; 469051, 3773861;
468676, 3773864; 468721, 3773959; 468778, 3774035; 468876, 3774175;
468924, 3774286; 468806, 3774512; 468736, 3774620; 468711, 3774712;
[[Page 228]]
468609, 3774909; 468524, 3775067; 468524, 3775107; 468432, 3775140;
468244, 3775290; 468111, 3775410; 468086, 3775483; 467927, 3775480;
467822, 3775620; 467822, 3775759; 467511, 3776109; 467409, 3776210;
467298, 3776293; 467279, 3776468; 467219, 3776566; 467139, 3776652;
467130, 3776922; 467060, 3777055; 467076, 3777088; 467720, 3777090;
466571, 3777823; 466444, 3777664; 466492, 3777566; 466324, 3777539;
466333, 3777480; 466165, 3777626; 466019, 3777741; 465958, 3777861;
465860, 3777918; 465774, 3777982; 465730, 3778071; 465777, 3778103;
465920, 3777985; 465955, 3777979; 465971, 3777963; 466012, 3777938;
466035, 3777950; 466038, 3777985; 466006, 3778058; 465755, 3778449;
465727, 3778442; 465688, 3778465; 465669, 3778519; 465685, 3778550;
465787, 3778512; 465930, 3778449; 466041, 3778382; 466139, 3778315;
466254, 3778246; 466311, 3778223; 466349, 3778312; 466416, 3778239;
466447, 3778220; 466374, 3778315; 466295, 3778407; 466190, 3778487;
465888, 3778630; 465644, 3778734; 465406, 3778830; 465269, 3778858;
465158, 3778852; 464914, 3778785; 464831, 3778938; 464723, 3778950;
464733, 3779049; 464542, 3779074; 464526, 3778944; 464336, 3779004;
464164, 3779077; 463841, 3779195; 463717, 3779033; 463391, 3779251;
463390, 3779249; 461605, 3780611; 461205, 3780906; 460802, 3781211;
460285, 3781589; 460291, 3779531; 461520, 3779519; 461513, 3778728;
458277, 3778734; 458265, 3777938; 457072, 3777928; 457078, 3778754;
456268, 3778757; 456268, 3779023; 456916, 3779662; 457415, 3780160;
457805, 3780547; 458294, 3780982; 458196, 3781046; 458459, 3781446;
458537, 3781640; 458554, 3781636; 458672, 3781776; 458789, 3781894;
458872, 3781913; 458929, 3781967; 459154, 3782059; 459192, 3782141;
459240, 3782205; 459240, 3782236; 459281, 3782316; 459361, 3782319;
459491, 3782383; 459631, 3782671; 459033, 3784051; 458605, 3784586;
458377, 3784681; 458300, 3784792; 458246, 3784830; 458132, 3784929;
458094, 3785030; 457964, 3785189; 457884, 3785411; 457898, 3785557;
457875, 3785586; 457786, 3785678; 457754, 3785739; 457710, 3785761;
457621, 3785780; 457532, 3785821; 457475, 3785894; 457519, 3786046;
457459, 3786085; 457440, 3786227; 457392, 3786227; 457319, 3786313;
457297, 3786367; 457173, 3786424; 457110, 3786510; 456999, 3786574;
456995, 3786669; 456980, 3786786; 456891, 3786888; 456865, 3787028;
456786, 3787082; 456675, 3787170; 456633, 3787256; 456525, 3787339;
456478, 3787399; 456392, 3787370; 456208, 3787466; 455938, 3787488;
455865, 3787456; 455738, 3787612; 455671, 3787634; 455525, 3787713;
455640, 3787815; 455754, 3787847; 456059, 3787764; 456157, 3787704;
456332, 3787653; 456472, 3787567; 456570, 3787590; 456754, 3787586;
456935, 3787523; 457014, 3787466; 457065, 3787351; 457129, 3787158;
457167, 3787018; 457164, 3786910; 457136, 3786794; 457237, 3786701;
457192, 3786647; 457205, 3786564; 457411, 3786459; 457576, 3786269;
457586, 3786132; 457640, 3786034; 457767, 3785929; 457926, 3785843;
458059, 3785678; 458091, 3785596; 458043, 3785485; 458097, 3785377;
458100, 3785243; 458208, 3785065; 458294, 3784980; 458361, 3784916;
458450, 3784888; 458523, 3784846; 458596, 3784783; 458681, 3784745;
458705, 3784707; 458707, 3784710; 458888, 3784659; 458999, 3784589;
459027, 3784500; 459065, 3784478; 459126, 3784510; 459199, 3784494;
459256, 3784424; 459265, 3784342; 459342, 3784265; 459367, 3784192;
459440, 3784148; 459548, 3784021; 459653, 3783967; 459742, 3783884;
459831, 3783751; 459891, 3783707; 459958, 3783592; 459932, 3783529;
459945, 3783440; 460012, 3783405; 460072, 3783357; 460174, 3783449;
460358, 3783424; 460526, 3783405; 460685, 3783389; 460704, 3783313;
461224, 3783532; 461437, 3783640; 461539, 3783824; 461437, 3784119;
461342, 3784119; 461342, 3784335; 461256, 3784408; 461126, 3784415;
461123, 3784453; 461158, 3784449; 461183, 3784503; 460894, 3784649;
460818, 3784710; 460707, 3784738; 460561, 3784872; 460459, 3784903;
460437, 3784983; 460380, 3784999; 460297, 3785059; 460231, 3785065;
460237, 3785164; 460370, 3785164; 460370, 3785218; 460408, 3785224;
460497, 3785157; 460599, 3785091; 460739, 3785018; 460904, 3784938;
460915, 3784876; 461053, 3784796; 461158, 3784792; 461256, 3784710;
461377, 3784691; 461482, 3784688; 461580, 3784732; 461707, 3784691;
461783, 3784630; 461736, 3784516; 462031, 3784421; 462117, 3784338;
462079, 3784278; 462040, 3784021; 462085, 3783922; 462063, 3783824;
462190, 3783691; 462244, 3783624; 462231, 3783560; 462225, 3783491;
462120, 3783478; 462021, 3783418; 462025, 3783386; 462050, 3783332;
462059, 3783256; 462088, 3783227; 462171, 3783249; 462253, 3783195;
462259, 3783157; 462345, 3783125; 462406, 3783106; 462488, 3783078;
462520, 3783030; 462504, 3782973; 462567, 3782948; 462640, 3782998;
462688, 3782967; 462720, 3782913; 462752, 3782805; 462834, 3782798;
462891, 3782751; 462971, 3782633; 463136, 3782550; 463190, 3782405;
463231, 3782271; 463361, 3782179; 463399, 3782065; 463498, 3781973;
463698, 3781884; 463749, 3781897; 463834, 3781830; 463888, 3781668;
464022, 3781560; 464037, 3781481; 464028, 3781392; 464123, 3781303;
464161, 3781306; 464184, 3781338; 464145, 3781392; 464193, 3781401;
464241, 3781440; 464307, 3781379; 464323, 3781341; 464253, 3781278;
464339, 3781160; 464393, 3781208; 464457, 3781157; 464520, 3781274;
464603, 3781395; 464574, 3781763; 465028, 3781932; 464907, 3782252;
464269, 3782910; 464190, 3783084; 464193, 3783145; 464101, 3783376;
464111, 3783440; 464171, 3783532; 464225, 3783529; 464241, 3783500;
464326, 3783487; 464266, 3783649; 464238, 3783776; 464247, 3783868;
464215, 3783967; 464174, 3784068; 464066, 3784218; 464003, 3784364;
463863, 3784526; 463803, 3784675; 463717, 3784773; 463599, 3784846;
463305, 3784949; 463329, 3785011; 463006, 3785227; 462847, 3785361;
462691, 3785459; 462602, 3785446; 462412, 3785259; 462228, 3785504;
462085, 3785592; 461939, 3785993; 461186, 3786878; 461063, 3787052;
460069, 3787796; 459742, 3788031; 459446, 3788285; 459278, 3788456;
459183, 3788777; 459124, 3788860; 458713, 3789091; 458329, 3789295;
457795, 3789745; 457700, 3789815; 457484, 3789895; 457268, 3789996;
457059, 3790177; 456986, 3790282; 456900, 3790431; 456837, 3790555;
456786, 3790634; 456748, 3790828; 456719, 3791025; 456719, 3791139;
456767, 3791254; 456849, 3791320; 456979, 3791307; 457103, 3791234;
457103, 3791079; 457145, 3790911; 457233, 3790736; 457389, 3790561;
457576, 3790368; 457878, 3790180; 458180, 3790069; 458456, 3790037;
458548, 3789955; 458846, 3789790; returning to 459113, 3789417.
(ii) Subunit 2b: Land bounded by the following UTM NAD27 coordinates
(E, N): 465795, 3784148; 464554, 3785327; 463276, 3786555; 463400,
3786918; 463325, 3786939; 463416, 3787252; 463416, 3787310; 463445,
3787388; 463849, 3787384; 463804, 3787314; 463869, 3787268; 463948,
3787260; 464187, 3787194; 464389, 3786988; 464385, 3786901;
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464389, 3786815; 464286, 3786695; 464298, 3786638; 464381, 3786605;
464488, 3786695; 464541, 3786811; 464438, 3786856; 464541, 3786984;
464673, 3786984; 464682, 3786889; 465081, 3786885; 465090, 3786786;
465288, 3786691; 465490, 3786592; 465461, 3786559; 465283, 3786242;
465292, 3786102; 465263, 3785962; 465366, 3785891; 465292, 3785702;
465527, 3785558; 465572, 3785652; 465704, 3785586; 465626, 3785166;
465799, 3784939; 465997, 3784778; 466128, 3784700; 465906, 3784280;
465881, 3784300; returning to 465795, 3784148.
(iii) Subunit 2c: Land bounded by the following UTM NAD27
coordinates (E, N): 469615, 3782014; 469536, 3782017; 469485, 3782090;
469415, 3782141; 469345, 3782214; 469298, 3782239; 469263, 3782293;
469193, 378