[Title 40 CFR 60.14]
[Code of Federal Regulations (annual edition) - July 1, 2009 Edition]
[Title 40 - PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT]
[Chapter I - ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)]
[Subchapter C - AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED)]
[Part 60 - STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES--]
[Subpart A - General Provisions]
[Sec. 60.14 - Modification.]
[From the U.S. Government Printing Office]


40PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT62009-07-012009-07-01false60.14Sec. 60.14PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED)STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES--General Provisions
Sec. 60.14  Modification.

    (a) Except as provided under paragraphs (e) and (f) of this section, 
any physical or operational change to an existing facility which results 
in an increase in the emission rate to the atmosphere of any pollutant 
to which a standard applies shall be considered a modification within 
the meaning of section 111 of the Act. Upon modification, an existing 
facility shall become an affected facility for each pollutant to which a 
standard applies and for which there is an increase in the emission rate 
to the atmosphere.
    (b) Emission rate shall be expressed as kg/hr of any pollutant 
discharged into the atmosphere for which a standard is applicable. The 
Administrator shall use the following to determine emission rate:
    (1) Emission factors as specified in the latest issue of 
``Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors,'' EPA Publication No. 
AP-42, or other emission factors determined by the Administrator to be 
superior to AP-42 emission factors, in cases where utilization of 
emission factors demonstrates that the emission level resulting from the 
physical or operational change will either clearly increase or clearly 
not increase.
    (2) Material balances, continuous monitor data, or manual emission 
tests in cases where utilization of emission factors as referenced in 
paragraph (b)(1) of this section does not demonstrate to the 
Administrator's satisfaction whether the emission level resulting from 
the physical or operational change will either clearly increase or 
clearly not increase, or where an owner or operator demonstrates to the 
Administrator's satisfaction that there are reasonable grounds to 
dispute the result obtained by the Administrator utilizing emission 
factors as referenced in paragraph (b)(1) of this section. When the 
emission rate is based on results from manual emission tests or 
continuous monitoring systems, the procedures specified in appendix C of 
this part shall be used to determine whether an increase in emission 
rate has occurred. Tests shall be conducted under such conditions as the 
Administrator shall specify to the owner or operator based on 
representative performance of the facility. At least three valid test 
runs must be conducted before and at least three after the physical or 
operational change. All operating parameters which may affect emissions 
must be held constant to the maximum feasible degree for all test runs.
    (c) The addition of an affected facility to a stationary source as 
an expansion to that source or as a replacement for an existing facility 
shall not by itself bring within the applicability of this part any 
other facility within that source.
    (d) [Reserved]
    (e) The following shall not, by themselves, be considered 
modifications under this part:
    (1) Maintenance, repair, and replacement which the Administrator 
determines to be routine for a source category, subject to the 
provisions of paragraph (c) of this section and Sec. 60.15.
    (2) An increase in production rate of an existing facility, if that 
increase can be accomplished without a capital expenditure on that 
facility.
    (3) An increase in the hours of operation.
    (4) Use of an alternative fuel or raw material if, prior to the date 
any standard under this part becomes applicable to that source type, as 
provided by Sec. 60.1, the existing facility was designed to 
accommodate that alternative use. A facility shall be considered to be 
designed to accommodate an alternative fuel or raw material if that use 
could be accomplished under the facility's construction specifications 
as amended prior to the change. Conversion to coal required for energy 
considerations, as specified in section 111(a)(8) of the Act, shall not 
be considered a modification.
    (5) The addition or use of any system or device whose primary 
function is the reduction of air pollutants, except when an emission 
control system is removed or is replaced by a system which

[[Page 94]]

the Administrator determines to be less environmentally beneficial.
    (6) The relocation or change in ownership of an existing facility.
    (f) Special provisions set forth under an applicable subpart of this 
part shall supersede any conflicting provisions of this section.
    (g) Within 180 days of the completion of any physical or operational 
change subject to the control measures specified in paragraph (a) of 
this section, compliance with all applicable standards must be achieved.
    (h) No physical change, or change in the method of operation, at an 
existing electric utility steam generating unit shall be treated as a 
modification for the purposes of this section provided that such change 
does not increase the maximum hourly emissions of any pollutant 
regulated under this section above the maximum hourly emissions 
achievable at that unit during the 5 years prior to the change.
    (i) Repowering projects that are awarded funding from the Department 
of Energy as permanent clean coal technology demonstration projects (or 
similar projects funded by EPA) are exempt from the requirements of this 
section provided that such change does not increase the maximum hourly 
emissions of any pollutant regulated under this section above the 
maximum hourly emissions achievable at that unit during the five years 
prior to the change.
    (j)(1) Repowering projects that qualify for an extension under 
section 409(b) of the Clean Air Act are exempt from the requirements of 
this section, provided that such change does not increase the actual 
hourly emissions of any pollutant regulated under this section above the 
actual hourly emissions achievable at that unit during the 5 years prior 
to the change.
    (2) This exemption shall not apply to any new unit that:
    (i) Is designated as a replacement for an existing unit;
    (ii) Qualifies under section 409(b) of the Clean Air Act for an 
extension of an emission limitation compliance date under section 405 of 
the Clean Air Act; and
    (iii) Is located at a different site than the existing unit.
    (k) The installation, operation, cessation, or removal of a 
temporary clean coal technology demonstration project is exempt from the 
requirements of this section. A temporary clean coal control technology 
demonstration project, for the purposes of this section is a clean coal 
technology demonstration project that is operated for a period of 5 
years or less, and which complies with the State implementation plan for 
the State in which the project is located and other requirements 
necessary to attain and maintain the national ambient air quality 
standards during the project and after it is terminated.
    (l) The reactivation of a very clean coal-fired electric utility 
steam generating unit is exempt from the requirements of this section.

[40 FR 58419, Dec. 16, 1975, as amended at 43 FR 34347, Aug. 3, 1978; 45 
FR 5617, Jan. 23, 1980; 57 FR 32339, July 21, 1992; 65 FR 61750, Oct. 
17, 2000]