[Title 40 CFR 60.46]
[Code of Federal Regulations (annual edition) - July 1, 2009 Edition]
[Title 40 - PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT]
[Chapter I - ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)]
[Subchapter C - AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED)]
[Part 60 - STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES--]
[Subpart D - Standards of Performance for Fossil-Fuel-Fired Steam]
[Sec. 60.46 - Test methods and procedures.]
[From the U.S. Government Printing Office]
40PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT62009-07-012009-07-01falseTest methods and procedures.60.46Sec. 60.46PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED)STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES--Standards of Performance for Fossil-Fuel-Fired Steam
Sec. 60.46 Test methods and procedures.
(a) In conducting the performance tests required in Sec. 60.8, and
subsequent performance tests as requested by the EPA Administrator, the
owner or operator shall use as reference methods and procedures the test
methods in appendix A of this part or other methods and procedures as
specified in this section, except as provided in Sec. 60.8(b).
Acceptable alternative methods and procedures are given in paragraph (d)
of this section.
(b) The owner or operator shall determine compliance with the PM,
SO2, and NOX standards in Sec. Sec. 60.42, 60.43,
and 60.44 as follows:
(1) The emission rate (E) of PM, SO2, or NOX
shall be computed for each run using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JN07.006
Where:
E = Emission rate of pollutant, ng/J (1b/million Btu);
C = Concentration of pollutant, ng/dscm (1b/dscf);
%O2 = O2 concentration, percent dry basis; and
Fd = Factor as determined from Method 19 of appendix A of
this part.
(2) Method 5 of appendix A of this part shall be used to determine
the PM concentration (C) at affected facilities without wet flue-gas-
desulfurization (FGD) systems and Method 5B of appendix A of this part
shall be used to determine the PM concentration (C) after FGD systems.
(i) The sampling time and sample volume for each run shall be at
least 60 minutes and 0.85 dscm (30 dscf). The probe and filter holder
heating systems in the sampling train shall be set to provide an average
gas temperature of 16014 [deg]C (32025 [deg]F).
(ii) The emission rate correction factor, integrated or grab
sampling and analysis procedure of Method 3B of appendix A of this part
shall be used to determine the O2 concentration
(%O2). The O2 sample shall be obtained
simultaneously with, and at the same traverse points as, the particulate
sample. If the grab sampling procedure is used, the O2
concentration for the run shall be the arithmetic mean of the sample
O2 concentrations at all traverse points.
(iii) If the particulate run has more than 12 traverse points, the
O2 traverse points may be reduced to 12 provided that Method
1 of appendix A of this part is used to locate the 12 O2
traverse points.
(3) Method 9 of appendix A of this part and the procedures in Sec.
60.11 shall be used to determine opacity.
(4) Method 6 of appendix A of this part shall be used to determine
the SO2 concentration.
(i) The sampling site shall be the same as that selected for the
particulate sample. The sampling location in the duct shall be at the
centroid of the cross section or at a point no closer to the walls than
1 m (3.28 ft). The sampling time and sample volume for each sample run
shall be at least 20 minutes and 0.020 dscm (0.71 dscf). Two samples
shall be taken during a 1-hour period, with each sample taken within a
30-minute interval.
(ii) The emission rate correction factor, integrated sampling and
analysis procedure of Method 3B of appendix A of this part shall be used
to determine the O2 concentration (%O2). The
O2 sample shall be taken simultaneously with, and at the same
point as, the SO2 sample. The SO2 emission rate
shall be computed for each pair of SO2 and O2
samples. The SO2 emission rate (E) for each run shall be the
arithmetic mean of the results of the two pairs of samples.
(5) Method 7 of appendix A of this part shall be used to determine
the NOX concentration.
(i) The sampling site and location shall be the same as for the
SO2 sample. Each run shall consist of four grab samples, with
each sample taken at about 15-minute intervals.
(ii) For each NOX sample, the emission rate correction
factor, grab sampling and analysis procedure of Method 3B of appendix A
of this part shall be used to determine the O2 concentration
[[Page 148]]
(%O2). The sample shall be taken simultaneously with, and at
the same point as, the NOX sample.
(iii) The NOX emission rate shall be computed for each
pair of NOX and O2 samples. The NOX
emission rate (E) for each run shall be the arithmetic mean of the
results of the four pairs of samples.
(c) When combinations of fossil fuels or fossil fuel and wood
residue are fired, the owner or operator (in order to compute the
prorated standard as shown in Sec. Sec. 60.43(b) and 60.44(b)) shall
determine the percentage (w, x, y, or z) of the total heat input derived
from each type of fuel as follows:
(1) The heat input rate of each fuel shall be determined by
multiplying the gross calorific value of each fuel fired by the rate of
each fuel burned.
(2) ASTM Methods D2015, or D5865 (solid fuels), D240 (liquid fuels),
or D1826 (gaseous fuels) (all of these methods are incorporated by
reference, see Sec. 60.17) shall be used to determine the gross
calorific values of the fuels. The method used to determine the
calorific value of wood residue must be approved by the Administrator.
(3) Suitable methods shall be used to determine the rate of each
fuel burned during each test period, and a material balance over the
steam generating system shall be used to confirm the rate.
(d) The owner or operator may use the following as alternatives to
the reference methods and procedures in this section or in other
sections as specified:
(1) The emission rate (E) of PM, SO2 and NOX
may be determined by using the Fc factor, provided that the following
procedure is used:
(i) The emission rate (E) shall be computed using the following
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JN07.007
Where:
E = Emission rate of pollutant, ng/J (lb/MMBtu);
C = Concentration of pollutant, ng/dscm (lb/dscf);
%CO2 = CO2 concentration, percent dry basis; and
Fc = Factor as determined in appropriate sections of Method
19 of appendix A of this part.
(ii) If and only if the average Fc factor in Method 19 of appendix A
of this part is used to calculate E and either E is from 0.97 to 1.00 of
the emission standard or the relative accuracy of a continuous emission
monitoring system is from 17 to 20 percent, then three runs of Method 3B
of appendix A of this part shall be used to determine the O2
and CO2 concentration according to the procedures in
paragraph (b)(2)(ii), (4)(ii), or (5)(ii) of this section. Then if
Fo (average of three runs), as calculated from the equation
in Method 3B of appendix A of this part, is more than 3 percent than the average Fo value, as
determined from the average values of Fd and Fc in
Method 19 of appendix A of this part, i.e., Foa = 0.209
(Fda/Fca), then the following procedure shall be
followed:
(A) When Fo is less than 0.97 Foa, then E
shall be increased by that proportion under 0.97 Foa, e.g.,
if Fo is 0.95 Foa, E shall be increased by 2
percent. This recalculated value shall be used to determine compliance
with the emission standard.
(B) When Fo is less than 0.97 Foa and when the
average difference (d) between the continuous monitor minus the
reference methods is negative, then E shall be increased by that
proportion under 0.97 Foa, e.g., if Fo is 0.95
Foa, E shall be increased by 2 percent. This recalculated
value shall be used to determine compliance with the relative accuracy
specification.
(C) When Fo is greater than 1.03 Foa and when
the average difference d is positive, then E shall be decreased by that
proportion over 1.03 Foa, e.g., if Fo is 1.05
Foa, E shall be decreased by 2 percent. This recalculated
value shall be used to determine compliance with the relative accuracy
specification.
(2) For Method 5 or 5B of appendix A-3 of this part, Method 17 of
appendix A-6 of this part may be used at facilities with or without wet
FGD systems if the stack gas temperature at the sampling location does
not exceed an average temperature of 160 [deg]C (320 [deg]F). The
procedures of sections 8.1 and 11.1 of Method 5B of appendix A-3 of this
part
[[Page 149]]
may be used with Method 17 of appendix A-6 of this part only if it is
used after wet FGD systems. Method 17 of appendix A-6 of this part shall
not be used after wet FGD systems if the effluent gas is saturated or
laden with water droplets.
(3) Particulate matter and SO2 may be determined
simultaneously with the Method 5 of appendix A of this part train
provided that the following changes are made:
(i) The filter and impinger apparatus in sections 2.1.5 and 2.1.6 of
Method 8 of appendix A of this part is used in place of the condenser
(section 2.1.7) of Method 5 of appendix A of this part.
(ii) All applicable procedures in Method 8 of appendix A of this
part for the determination of SO2 (including moisture) are
used:
(4) For Method 6 of appendix A of this part, Method 6C of appendix A
of this part may be used. Method 6A of appendix A of this part may also
be used whenever Methods 6 and 3B of appendix A of this part data are
specified to determine the SO2 emission rate, under the
conditions in paragraph (d)(1) of this section.
(5) For Method 7 of appendix A of this part, Method 7A, 7C, 7D, or
7E of appendix A of this part may be used. If Method 7C, 7D, or 7E of
appendix A of this part is used, the sampling time for each run shall be
at least 1 hour and the integrated sampling approach shall be used to
determine the O2 concentration (%O2) for the
emission rate correction factor.
(6) For Method 3 of appendix A of this part, Method 3A or 3B of
appendix A of this part may be used.
(7) For Method 3B of appendix A of this part, Method 3A of appendix
A of this part may be used.
[60 FR 65415, Dec. 19, 1995, as amended at 74 FR 5078, Jan. 28, 2009]