[Title 40 CFR 60.485a]
[Code of Federal Regulations (annual edition) - July 1, 2009 Edition]
[Title 40 - PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT]
[Chapter I - ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)]
[Subchapter C - AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED)]
[Part 60 - STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES--]
[Subpart Vva - Standards of Performance for Equipment Leaks of VOC in the]
[Sec. 60.485a - Test methods and procedures.]
[From the U.S. Government Printing Office]


40PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT62009-07-012009-07-01false60.485aSec. 60.485aPROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED)STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES--Standards of Performance for Equipment Leaks of VOC in the
Sec. 60.485a  Test methods and procedures.

    (a) In conducting the performance tests required in Sec. 60.8, the 
owner or operator shall use as reference methods and procedures the test 
methods in appendix A of this part or other methods and procedures as 
specified in this section, except as provided in Sec. 60.8(b).
    (b) The owner or operator shall determine compliance with the 
standards in Sec. Sec. 60.482-1a through 60.482-11a, 60.483a, and 
60.484a as follows:
    (1) Method 21 shall be used to determine the presence of leaking 
sources. The instrument shall be calibrated before use each day of its 
use by the procedures specified in Method 21 of appendix A-7 of this 
part. The following calibration gases shall be used:
    (i) Zero air (less than 10 ppm of hydrocarbon in air); and
    (ii) A mixture of methane or n-hexane and air at a concentration no 
more than 2,000 ppm greater than the leak definition concentration of 
the equipment monitored. If the monitoring instrument's design allows 
for multiple calibration scales, then the lower scale shall be 
calibrated with a calibration gas that is no higher than 2,000 ppm above 
the concentration specified as a leak, and the highest scale shall be 
calibrated with a calibration gas that is approximately equal to 10,000 
ppm. If only one scale on an instrument will be used during monitoring, 
the owner or operator need not calibrate the scales that will not be 
used during that day's monitoring.
    (2) A calibration drift assessment shall be performed, at a minimum, 
at the end of each monitoring day. Check the instrument using the same 
calibration gas(es) that were used to calibrate the instrument before 
use. Follow the procedures specified in Method 21 of appendix A-7 of 
this part, Section 10.1, except do not adjust the meter readout to 
correspond to the calibration gas value. Record the instrument reading 
for each scale used as specified in Sec. 60.486a(e)(7). Calculate the 
average algebraic difference between the three meter readings and the 
most recent calibration value. Divide this algebraic difference by the 
initial calibration value and multiply by 100 to express the calibration 
drift as a percentage. If any calibration drift assessment shows a 
negative drift of more than 10 percent from the initial calibration 
value, then all equipment monitored since the last calibration with 
instrument readings below the appropriate leak definition and above the 
leak definition multiplied by (100 minus the percent of negative drift/
divided by 100) must be re-monitored. If any calibration drift 
assessment shows a positive drift of more than 10 percent from the 
initial calibration value, then, at the owner/operator's discretion, all 
equipment since the last calibration with instrument readings above the 
appropriate leak definition and below the leak definition multiplied by 
(100 plus the percent of positive drift/divided by 100) may be re-
monitored.
    (c) The owner or operator shall determine compliance with the no-
detectable-emission standards in Sec. Sec. 60.482-2a(e), 60.482-3a(i), 
60.482-4a, 60.482-7a(f), and 60.482-10a(e) as follows:
    (1) The requirements of paragraph (b) shall apply.
    (2) Method 21 of appendix A-7 of this part shall be used to 
determine the background level. All potential leak interfaces shall be 
traversed as close to the interface as possible. The arithmetic 
difference between the maximum concentration indicated by the instrument 
and the background level is compared with 500 ppm for determining 
compliance.
    (d) The owner or operator shall test each piece of equipment unless 
he demonstrates that a process unit is not in VOC service, i.e., that 
the VOC content would never be reasonably expected to exceed 10 percent 
by weight. For purposes of this demonstration, the following methods and 
procedures shall be used:
    (1) Procedures that conform to the general methods in ASTM E260-73, 
91, or 96, E168-67, 77, or 92, E169-63, 77, or 93 (incorporated by 
reference--see Sec. 60.17) shall be used to determine the percent

[[Page 540]]

VOC content in the process fluid that is contained in or contacts a 
piece of equipment.
    (2) Organic compounds that are considered by the Administrator to 
have negligible photochemical reactivity may be excluded from the total 
quantity of organic compounds in determining the VOC content of the 
process fluid.
    (3) Engineering judgment may be used to estimate the VOC content, if 
a piece of equipment had not been shown previously to be in service. If 
the Administrator disagrees with the judgment, paragraphs (d)(1) and (2) 
of this section shall be used to resolve the disagreement.
    (e) The owner or operator shall demonstrate that a piece of 
equipment is in light liquid service by showing that all the following 
conditions apply:
    (1) The vapor pressure of one or more of the organic components is 
greater than 0.3 kPa at 20 [deg]C (1.2 in. H2O at 68 [deg]F). 
Standard reference texts or ASTM D2879-83, 96, or 97 (incorporated by 
reference--see Sec. 60.17) shall be used to determine the vapor 
pressures.
    (2) The total concentration of the pure organic components having a 
vapor pressure greater than 0.3 kPa at 20 [deg]C (1.2 in. H2O 
at 68 [deg]F) is equal to or greater than 20 percent by weight.
    (3) The fluid is a liquid at operating conditions.
    (f) Samples used in conjunction with paragraphs (d), (e), and (g) of 
this section shall be representative of the process fluid that is 
contained in or contacts the equipment or the gas being combusted in the 
flare.
    (g) The owner or operator shall determine compliance with the 
standards of flares as follows:
    (1) Method 22 of appendix A-7 of this part shall be used to 
determine visible emissions.
    (2) A thermocouple or any other equivalent device shall be used to 
monitor the presence of a pilot flame in the flare.
    (3) The maximum permitted velocity for air assisted flares shall be 
computed using the following equation:

Vmax = K1 + K2HT

Where:

Vmax = Maximum permitted velocity, m/sec (ft/sec).
HT = Net heating value of the gas being combusted, MJ/scm 
(Btu/scf).
K1 = 8.706 m/sec (metric units) = 28.56 ft/sec (English 
units).
K2 = 0.7084 m\4\/(MJ-sec) (metric units) = 0.087 ft\4\/(Btu-
sec) (English units).

    (4) The net heating value (HT) of the gas being combusted in a flare 
shall be computed using the following equation:

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR16NO07.038

Where:

K = Conversion constant, 1.740 x 10-\7\ (g-mole)(MJ)/(ppm-
scm-kcal) (metric units) = 4.674 x 10-\6\ [(g-mole)(Btu)/
(ppm-scf-kcal)] (English units).
Ci = Concentration of sample component ``i,'' ppm
Hi = net heat of combustion of sample component ``i'' at 25 
[deg]C and 760 mm Hg (77 [deg]F and 14.7 psi), kcal/g-mole.

    (5) Method 18 of appendix A-6 of this part or ASTM D6420-99 (2004) 
(where the target compound(s) are those listed in Section 1.1 of ASTM 
D6420-99, and the target concentration is between 150 parts per billion 
by volume and 100 ppmv) and ASTM D2504-67, 77, or 88 (Reapproved 1993) 
(incorporated by reference-see Sec. 60.17) shall be used to determine 
the concentration of sample component ``i.''
    (6) ASTM D2382-76 or 88 or D4809-95 (incorporated by reference-see 
Sec. 60.17) shall be used to determine the net heat of combustion of 
component ``i'' if published values are not available or cannot be 
calculated.
    (7) Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D of appendix A-7 of this part, as 
appropriate, shall be used to determine the actual exit velocity of a 
flare. If needed, the unobstructed (free) cross-sectional area of the 
flare tip shall be used.
    (h) The owner or operator shall determine compliance with Sec. 
60.483-1a or Sec. 60.483-2a as follows:
    (1) The percent of valves leaking shall be determined using the 
following equation:

%VL = (VL / VT) * 100

Where:

%VL = Percent leaking valves.
VL = Number of valves found leaking.

[[Page 541]]

VT = The sum of the total number of valves monitored.

    (2) The total number of valves monitored shall include difficult-to-
monitor and unsafe-to-monitor valves only during the monitoring period 
in which those valves are monitored.
    (3) The number of valves leaking shall include valves for which 
repair has been delayed.
    (4) Any new valve that is not monitored within 30 days of being 
placed in service shall be included in the number of valves leaking and 
the total number of valves monitored for the monitoring period in which 
the valve is placed in service.
    (5) If the process unit has been subdivided in accordance with Sec. 
60.482-7a(c)(1)(ii), the sum of valves found leaking during a monitoring 
period includes all subgroups.
    (6) The total number of valves monitored does not include a valve 
monitored to verify repair.