[Title 40 CFR 60.561]
[Code of Federal Regulations (annual edition) - July 1, 2009 Edition]
[Title 40 - PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT]
[Chapter I - ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)]
[Subchapter C - AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED)]
[Part 60 - STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES--]
[Subpart Ddd - Standards of Performance for Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)]
[Sec. 60.561 - Definitions.]
[From the U.S. Government Printing Office]


40PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT62009-07-012009-07-01false60.561Sec. 60.561PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED)STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES--Standards of Performance for Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)
Sec. 60.561  Definitions.

    As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein shall have the 
meaning given them in the Act, in subpart A of part 60, or in subpart VV 
of part 60, and the following terms shall have the specific meanings 
given them.
    Boiler means any enclosed combustion device that extracts useful 
energy in the form of steam.
    Capital expenditure means, in addition to the definition in 40 CFR 
60.2, an expenditure for a physical or operational change to an existing 
facility that exceeds P, the product of the facility's replacement cost, 
R, and an adjusted annual asset guideline repair allowance, A, as 
reflected by the following equation: P = R x A, where

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    (a) The adjusted annual asset guideline repair allowance, A, is the 
product of the percent of the replacement cost, Y, and the applicable 
basic annual asset guideline repair allowance, B, as reflected by the 
following equation: A = Y x (B / 100);
    (b) The percent Y is determined from the following equation: Y = 1.0 
- 0.57 log X, where X is 1986 minus the year of construction; and
    (c) The applicable basic annual asset guideline repair allowance, B, 
is equal to 12.5.
    Car-sealed means, for purposes of these standards, a seal that is 
placed on the device used to change the position of a valve (e.g., from 
opened to closed) such that the position of the valve cannot be changed 
without breaking the seal and requiring the replacement of the old seal 
once broken with a new seal.
    Closed vent system means a system that is not open to the atmosphere 
and that is composed of piping, connections, and, if necessary, flow 
inducing devices that transport gas or vapor from a piece or pieces of 
equipment to a control device.
    Continuous emissions means any gas stream containing VOC that is 
generated essentially continuously when the process line or any piece of 
equipment in the process line is operating.
    Continuous process means a polymerization process in which reactants 
are introduced in a continuous manner and products are removed either 
continuously or intermittently at regular intervals so that the process 
can be operated and polymers produced essentially continuously.
    Control device means an enclosed combustion device, vapor recovery 
system, or flare.
    Copolymer means a polymer that has two different repeat units in its 
chain.
    Decomposition means, for the purposes of these standards, an event 
in a polymerization reactor that advances to the point where the 
polymerization reaction becomes uncontrollable, the polymer begins to 
break down (decompose), and it becomes necessary to relieve the reactor 
instantaneously in order to avoid catastrophic equipment damage or 
serious adverse personnel safety consequences.
    Decomposition emissions refers to those emissions released from a 
polymer production process as the result of a decomposition or during 
attempts to prevent a decomposition.
    Emergency vent stream means, for the purposes of these standards, an 
intermittent emission that results from a decomposition, attempts to 
prevent decompositions, power failure, equipment failure, or other 
unexpected cause that requires immediate venting of gases from process 
equipment in order to avoid safety hazards or equipment damage. This 
includes intermittent vents that occur from process equipment where 
normal operating parameters (e.g., pressure or temperature) are exceeded 
such that the process equipment can not be returned to normal operating 
conditions using the design features of the system and venting must 
occur to avoid equipment failure or adverse safety personnel 
consequences and to minimize adverse effects of the runaway reaction. 
This does not include intermittent vents that are designed into the 
process to maintain normal operating conditions of process vessels 
including those vents that regulate normal process vessel pressure.
    End finisher means a polymerization reaction vessel operated under 
very low pressures, typically at pressures of 2 mm Hg (1 in. 
H2O) or less, in order to produce high viscosity 
poly(ethylene terephthalate). An end finisher is preceded in a high 
viscosity poly(ethylene terephthalate) process line by one or more 
polymerization vessels operated under less severe vacuums, typically 
between 5 and 10 mm Hg (3 and 5 in. H2O). A high viscosity 
poly(ethylene terephthalate) process line may have one or more end 
finishers.
    Existing control device means, for the purposes of these standards, 
an air pollution control device that has been in operation on or before 
September 30, 1987, or that has been in operation between September 30, 
1987, and January 10, 1989, on those continuous or intermittent 
emissions from a process section that is marked by an ``--'' in table 1 
of this subpart.
    Existing control device is reconstructed means, for the purposes of 
these standards, the capital expenditure of at least

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50 percent of the replacement cost of the existing control device.
    Existing control device is replaced means, for the purposes of these 
standards, the replacement of an existing control device with another 
control device.
    Expandable polystyrene means a polystyrene bead to which a blowing 
agent has been added using either an in-situ suspension process or a 
post-impregnation suspension process.
    Experimental process line means a polymer or copolymer manufacturing 
process line with the sole purpose of operating to evaluate polymer 
manufacturing processes, technologies, or products. An experimental 
process line does not produce a polymer or resin that is sold or that is 
used as a raw material for nonexperimental process lines.
    Flame zone means that portion of the combustion chamber in a boiler 
occupied by the flame envelope.
    Fugitive emissions equipment means each pump, compressor, pressure 
relief device, sampling connection system, open-ended valve or line, 
valve, and flange or other connector in VOC service and any devices or 
systems required by subpart VV of this part.
    Gas phase process means a polymerization process in which the 
polymerization reaction is carried out in the gas phase; i.e., the 
monomer(s) are gases in a fluidized bed of catalyst particles and 
granular polymer.
    High density polyethylene (HDPE) means a thermoplastic polymer or 
copolymer comprised of at least 50 percent ethylene by weight and having 
a density of greater than 0.940 gm/cm\3\3 (58.7 lb/ft\3\).
    High pressure process means the conventional production process for 
the manufacture of low density polyethylene in which a reaction pressure 
of about 15,000 psig (103,000 kPa gauge) or greater is used.
    High viscosity poly(ethylene terephthalate) means poly(ethylene 
terephthalate) that has an intrinsic viscosity of 0.9 or higher and is 
used in such applications as tire cord and seat belts.
    Incinerator means an enclosed combustion device that is used for 
destroying VOC.
    In-situ suspension process means a manufacturing process in which 
styrene, blowing agent, and other raw materials are added together 
within a reactor for the production of expandable polystyrene.
    Intermittent emissions means those gas streams containing VOC that 
are generated at intervals during process line operation and includes 
both planned and emergency releases.
    Liquid phase process means a polymerization process in which the 
polymerization reaction is carried out in the liquid phase; i.e., the 
monomer(s) and any catalyst are dissolved, or suspended in a liquid 
solvent.
    Liquid phase slurry process means a liquid phase polymerization 
process in which the monomer(s) are in solution (completely dissolved) 
in a liquid solvent, but the polymer is in the form of solid particles 
suspended in the liquid reaction mixture during the polymerization 
reaction; sometimes called a particle form process.
    Liquid phase solution process means a liquid phase polymerization 
process in which both the monomer(s) and polymer are in solution 
(completely dissolved) in the liquid reaction mixture.
    Low density polyethylene (LDPE) means a thermoplastic polymer or 
copolymer comprised of at least 50 percent ethylene by weight and having 
a density of 0.940 g/cm\3\ (58.7 lb/ft\3\) or less.
    Low pressure process means a production process for the manufacture 
of low density polyethylene in which a reaction pressure markedly below 
that used in a high pressure process is used. Reaction pressure of 
current low pressure processes typically go up to about 300 psig (2,070 
kPa gauge).
    Low viscosity poly(ethylene terephthalate) means a poly(ethylene 
terephthalate) that has an intrinsic viscosity of less than 0.75 and is 
used in such applications as clothing, bottle, and film production.
    Material recovery section means the equipment that recovers 
unreacted or by-product materials from any process section for return to 
the process line, off-site purification or treatment, or sale. Equipment 
designed to separate unreacted or by-product material from the polymer 
product are to be included

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in this process section, provided at least some of the material is 
recovered for reuse in the process, off-site purification or treatment, 
or sale, at the time the process section becomes an affected facility. 
Otherwise such equipment are to be assigned to one of the other process 
sections, as appropriate. Equipment that treats recovered materials are 
to be included in this process section, but equipment that also treats 
raw materials are not to be included in this process section. The latter 
equipment are to be included in the raw materials preparation section. 
If equipment is used to return unreacted or by-product material directly 
to the same piece of process equipment from which it was emitted, then 
that equipment is considered part of the process section that contains 
the process equipment. If equipment is used to recover unreacted or by-
product material from a process section and return it to another process 
section or a different piece of process equipment in the same process 
section or sends it off-site for purification, treatment, or sale, then 
such equipment are considered part of a material recovery section. 
Equipment used for the on-site recovery of ethylene glycol from 
poly(ethylene terephthalate) plants, however, are not included in the 
material recovery section, but are covered under the standards 
applicable to the polymerization reaction section (Sec. 60.562-
1(c)(1)(ii)(A) or (2)(ii)(A)).
    Operating day means, for the purposes of these standards, any 
calendar day during which equipment used in the manufacture of polymer 
was operating for at least 8 hours or one labor shift, whichever is 
shorter. Only operating days shall be used in determining compliance 
with the standards specified in Sec. 60.562-1(c)(1)(ii)(B), (1)(ii)(C), 
(2)(ii)(B), and (2)(ii)(C). Any calendar day in which equipment is used 
for less than 8 hours or one labor shift, whichever is less, is not an 
``operating day'' and shall not be used as part of the rolling 14-day 
period for determining compliance with the standards specified in Sec. 
60.562-1(c)(1)(ii)(B), (1)(ii)(C), (2)(ii)(B), and (2)(ii)(C).
    Polyethylene means a thermoplastic polymer or copolymer comprised of 
at least 50 percent ethylene by weight; see low density polyethylene and 
high density polyethylene.
    Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) means a polymer or copolymer 
comprised of at least 50 percent bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-terephthalate 
(BHET) by weight.
    Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) manufacture using dimethyl 
terephthalate means the manufacturing of poly(ethylene terephthalate) 
based on the esterification of dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) with 
ethylene glycol to form the intermediate monomer bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-
terephthalate (BHET) that is subsequently polymerized to form PET.
    Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) manufacture using terephthalic 
acid means the manufacturing of poly(ethylene terephthalate) based on 
the esterification reaction of terephthalic acid (TPA) with ethylene 
glycol to form the intermediate monomer bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-
terephthalate (BHET) that is subsequently polymerized to form PET.
    Polymerization reaction section means the equipment designed to 
cause monomer(s) to react to form polymers, including equipment designed 
primarily to cause the formation of short polymer chains (oligomers or 
low polymers), but not including equipment designed to prepare raw 
materials for polymerization, e.g., esterification vessels. For the 
purposes of these standards, the polymerization reaction section begins 
with the equipment used to transfer the materials from the raw materials 
preparation section and ends with the last vessel in which 
polymerization occurs. Equipment used for the on-site recovery of 
ethylene glycol from poly(ethylene terephthalate) plants, however, are 
included in this process section, rather than in the material recovery 
process section.
    Polypropylene (PP) means a thermoplastic polymer or copolymer 
comprised of at least 50 percent propylene by weight.
    Polystyrene (PS) means a thermoplastic polymer or copolymer 
comprised of at least 80 percent styrene or para-methylstyrene by 
weight.
    Post-impregnation suspension process means a manufacturing process 
in which polystyrene beads are first

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formed in a suspension process, washed, dried, or otherwise finished and 
then added with a blowing agent to another reactor in which the beads 
and blowing agent are reacted to produce expandable polystyrene.
    Process heater means a device that transfers heat liberated by 
burning fuel to fluids contained in tubular coils, including all fluids 
except water that is heated to produce steam.
    Process line means a group of equipment assembled that can operate 
independently if supplied with sufficient raw materials to produce 
polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene, (general purpose, crystal, or 
expandable) or poly(ethylene terephthalate) or one of their copolymers. 
A process line consists of the equipment in the following process 
sections (to the extent that these process sections are present at a 
plant): raw materials preparation, polymerization reaction, product 
finishing, product storage, and material recovery.
    Process section means the equipment designed to accomplish a general 
but well-defined task in polymer production. Process sections include 
raw materials preparation, polymerization reaction, material recovery, 
product finishing, and product storage and may be dedicated to a single 
process line or common to more than one process line.
    Process unit means equipment assembled to perform any of the 
physical and chemical operations in the production of polypropylene, 
polyethylene, polystyrene, (general purpose, crystal, or expandable), or 
poly(ethylene terephthalate) or one of their copolymers. A process unit 
can operate independently if supplied with sufficient feed or raw 
materials and sufficient storage facilities for the product. Examples of 
process units are raw materials handling and monomer recovery.
    Product finishing section means the equipment that treats, shapes, 
or modifies the polymer or resin to produce the finished end product of 
the particular facility, including equipment that prepares the product 
for product finishing. For the purposes of these standards, the product 
finishing section begins with the equipment used to transfer the 
polymerized product from the polymerization reaction section and ends 
with the last piece of equipment that modifies the characteristics of 
the polymer. Product finishing equipment may accomplish product 
separation, extruding and pelletizing, cooling and drying, blending, 
additives introduction, curing, or annealing. Equipment used to separate 
unreacted or by-product material from the product are to be included in 
this process section, provided the material separated from the polymer 
product is not recovered at the time the process section becomes an 
affected facility. If the material is being recovered, then the 
separation equipment are to be included in the material recovery 
section. Product finishing does not include polymerization, the physical 
mixing of the pellets to obtain a homogenous mixture of the polymer 
(except as noted below), or the shaping (such as fiber spinning, 
molding, or fabricating) or modification (such as fiber stretching and 
crimping) of the finished end product. If physical mixing occurs in 
equipment located between product finishing equipment (i.e., before all 
the chemical and physical characteristics have been ``set'' by virtue of 
having passed through the last piece of equipment in the product 
finishing section), then such equipment are to be included in this 
process section. Equipment used to physically mix the finished product 
that are located after the last piece of equipment in the product 
finishing section are part of the product storage section.
    Product storage section means the equipment that is designed to 
store the finished polymer or resin end product of the particular 
facility. For the purposes of these standards, the product storage 
section begins with the equipment used to transfer the finished product 
out of the product finishing section and ends with the containers used 
to store the final product. Any equipment used after the product 
finishing section to recover unreacted or by-product material are to be 
considered part of a material recovery section. Product storage does not 
include any intentional modification of the characteristics of any 
polymer or resin product, but does include equipment that provide a 
uniform mixture of product, provided such equipment are used after the 
last product finishing

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piece of equipment. This process section also does not include the 
shipment of a finished polymer or resin product to another facility for 
further finishing or fabrication.
    Raw materials preparation section means the equipment located at a 
polymer manufacturing plant designed to prepare raw materials, such as 
monomers and solvents, for polymerization. For the purposes of these 
standards, this process section begins with the equipment used to 
transfer raw materials from storage and recovered material from material 
recovery process sections, and ends with the last piece of equipment 
that prepares the material for polymerization. The raw materials 
preparation section may include equipment that accomplishes 
purification, drying, or other treatment of raw materials or of raw and 
recovered materials together, activation of catalysts, and 
esterification including the formation of some short polymer chains 
(oligomers), but does not include equipment that is designed primarily 
to accomplish the formation of oligomers, the treatment of recovered 
materials alone, or the storage of raw materials.
    Recovery system means an individual unit or series of material 
recovery units, such as absorbers, condensers, and carbon adsorbers, 
used for recovering volatile organic compounds.
    Total organic compounds (TOC) means those compounds measured 
according to the procedures specified in Sec. 60.564.
    Vent stream means any gas stream released to the atmosphere directly 
from an emission source or indirectly either through another piece of 
process equipment or a material recovery device that constitutes part of 
the normal recovery operations in a polymer process line where potential 
emissions are recovered for recycle or resale, and any gas stream 
directed to an air pollution control device. The emissions released from 
an air pollution control device are not considered a vent stream unless, 
as noted above, the control device is part of the normal material 
recovery operations in a polymer process line where potential emissions 
are recovered for recycle or resale.
    Volatile organic compounds (VOC) means, for the purposes of these 
standards, any reactive organic compounds as defined in Sec. 60.2 
Definitions.

[55 FR 51035, Dec. 11, 1990; 56 FR 9178, Mar. 5, 1991; 56 FR 12299, Mar. 
22, 1991; 65 FR 61767, Oct. 17, 2000]