[Federal Register Volume 77, Number 97 (Friday, May 18, 2012)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 29758-29846]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2012-10210]
[[Page 29757]]
Vol. 77
Friday,
No. 97
May 18, 2012
Part II
Environmental Protection Agency
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40 CFR Parts 136, 260, et al.
Guidelines Establishing Test Procedures for the Analysis of Pollutants
Under the Clean Water Act; Analysis and Sampling Procedures; Final Rule
Federal Register / Vol. 77 , No. 97 / Friday, May 18, 2012 / Rules
and Regulations
[[Page 29758]]
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Parts 136, 260, 423, 430, and 435
[EPA-HQ-OW-2010-0192; FRL-9664-6]
RIN 2040-AF09
Guidelines Establishing Test Procedures for the Analysis of
Pollutants Under the Clean Water Act; Analysis and Sampling Procedures
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: This rule modifies the testing procedures approved for
analysis and sampling under the Clean Water Act. EPA proposed these
changes for public comment on September 23, 2010. The changes adopted
in this final rule fall into the following categories: New and revised
EPA methods and new and revised methods published by voluntary
consensus standard bodies (VCSB), such as ASTM International and the
Standard Methods Committee; updated versions of currently approved
methods; methods reviewed under the alternate test procedures (ATP)
program; clarifications to the process for EPA approval for use of
alternate procedures for nationwide and Regional use; minimum quality
control requirements to improve consistency across method versions;
corrections to previously approved methods; and revisions to sample
collection, preservation, and holding time requirements. Finally, EPA
makes changes to three effluent guideline regulations.
DATES: This regulation is effective on June 18, 2012. The incorporation
by reference of these methods is approved by the Director of the
Federal Register on June 18, 2012. For judicial review purposes, this
final rule is promulgated as of 1:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on June 1,
2012 as provided at 40 CFR 23.2 and 23.7.
ADDRESSES: EPA has established a docket for this action under Docket ID
No. EPA-HQ-OW-2010-0192. All documents in the docket are listed on the
http://www.regulations.gov Web site. Although listed in the index, some
information is not publically available, e.g., CBI or other information
whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other materials,
such as copyrighted material, are not placed on the Internet and will
be publicly available only in hard copy form. Publicly available docket
materials are available either electronically through http://www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at the HQ Water Docket Center, EPA/
DC, EPA West, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, DC.
The Public Reading Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday
through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The telephone number for the
Public Reading Room is 202-566-1744, and the telephone number is 202-
566-2426 for the HQ Water Docket.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For information regarding the changes
to inorganic chemical methods, contact Lemuel Walker, Engineering and
Analysis Division (4303T), USEPA Office of Science and Technology, 1200
Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20460, 202-566-1077 (email:
[email protected]). For information regarding the changes to
organic chemical methods, contact Maria Gomez-Taylor, Engineering and
Analysis Division (4303T), USEPA Office of Science and Technology, 1200
Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20460, 202-566-1005 (email:
[email protected]). For information regarding the changes to
microbiological and whole effluent toxicity methods, contact Robin
Oshiro, Engineering and Analysis Division (4303T), USEPA Office of
Science and Technology, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC
20460, 202-566-1075 (email: [email protected]).
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
A. General Information
1. Does this action apply to me?
EPA Regions, as well as States, Territories and Tribes authorized
to implement the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) program, issue permits with conditions designed to ensure
compliance with the technology-based and water quality-based
requirements of the Clean Water Act (CWA). These permits may include
restrictions on the quantity of pollutants that may be discharged as
well as pollutant measurement and reporting requirements. If EPA has
approved a test procedure for analysis of a specific pollutant, the
NPDES permittee must use an approved test procedure (or an approved
alternate test procedure if specified by the permitting authority) for
the specific pollutant when measuring the required waste constituent.
Similarly, if EPA has established sampling requirements, measurements
taken under an NPDES permit must comply with these requirements.
Therefore, entities with NPDES permits will potentially be affected by
the actions in this rulemaking. Categories and entities that may
potentially be affected by the requirements of today's rule include:
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Examples of potentially affected
Category entities
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State, Territorial, and Indian States, Territories, and Tribes
Tribal Governments. authorized to administer the NPDES
permitting program; States,
Territories, and Tribes providing
certification under Clean Water Act
section 401; State, Territorial,
and Indian Tribal owned facilities
that must conduct monitoring to
comply with NPDES permits.
Industry.......................... Facilities that must conduct
monitoring to comply with NPDES
permits.
Municipalities.................... POTWs or other municipality owned
facilities that must conduct
monitoring to comply with NPDES
permits.
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This table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a
guide for readers regarding entities likely to be affected by this
action. This table lists types of entities that EPA is now aware of
that could potentially be affected by this action. Other types of
entities not listed in the table could also be affected. To determine
whether your facility is affected by this action, you should carefully
examine the applicability language at 40 CFR 122.1 (NPDES purpose and
scope), 40 CFR 136.1 (NPDES permits and CWA) and 40 CFR 403.1
(Pretreatment standards purpose and applicability). If you have
questions regarding the applicability of this action to a particular
entity, consult the appropriate person listed in the preceding FOR
FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section.
B. What process governs judicial review of this rule?
Under Section 509(b)(1) of the Clean Water Act (CWA), judicial
review of today's CWA rule may be obtained by filing a petition for
review in a United States Circuit Court of Appeals within 120 days from
the date of promulgation of this rule. For judicial review purposes,
this final rule is promulgated as of 1 p.m. (Eastern time) on June 1,
2012 as provided at 40 CFR 23.2. The
[[Page 29759]]
requirements of this regulation may also not be challenged later in
civil or criminal proceedings brought by EPA.
C. Abbreviations and Acronyms Used in the Preamble and Final Rule
AOAC: AOAC International
ASTM: ASTM International
ATP: Alternate Test Procedure
CFR: Code of Federal Regulations
CWA: Clean Water Act
EPA: Environmental Protection Agency
FLAA: Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
HRGC: High Resolution Gas Chromatography
HRMS: High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
ICP/AES: Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
ICP/MS: Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry
ISO: International Organization for Standardization
MS: Mass Spectrometry
NIST: National Institute of Standards and Technology
NPDES: National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
QA: Quality Assurance
QC: Quality Control
SDWA: Safe Drinking Water Act
SM: Standard Methods
SRM: Standard Reference Material
STGFAA: Stabilized Temperature Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption
Spectroscopy
USGS: United States Geological Survey
VCSB: Voluntary Consensus Standards Body
WET: Whole Effluent Toxicity
Table of Contents
I. Statutory Authority
II. Summary of Final Rule
A. New EPA Methods and New Versions of Previously Approved EPA
Methods
B. New Standard Methods and New Versions of Approved Standard
Methods
C. New ASTM Methods and New Versions of Previously Approved ASTM
Methods
D. New Alternate Test Procedures at 40 CFR 136.3
E. Clarifications and Corrections to Previously Approved Methods
in 40 CFR 136.3
F. Revisions in Table II at 40 CFR 136.3(e) to Required
Containers, Preservation Techniques, and Holding Times
G. Revisions to 40 CFR 136.4 and 136.5
H. Revisions to Method Modification Provisions at 40 CFR 136.6
I. New Quality Assurance and Quality Control Language at 40 CFR
136.7
J. Revisions to 40 CFR part 423 (Steam Electric Power Generating
Point Source Category)
III. Changes Between the Proposed Rule and the Final Rule
A. EPA Is Not Adding EPA Method 1614A
B. Deferral of Action on EPA Method 1668C
C. EPA Is Not Adding ASTM Methods D7574-09 and D7485-09
D. Revisions and Clarifications to EPA Method 200.7
E. Revisions and Corrections to Certain Citations in Tables IB
and ID
F. Continued Approval of Method 1664 Revision A
G. Revision to Footnote 63 of Table IB at 40 CFR 136.3
H. Revision to Footnote 4 of Table IC at 40 CFR 136.3
I. Revisions to Table II Language
J. Approval of Alternate Test Procedures for Limited Use at 40
CFR 136.5
K. Revisions to Language at Sec. 136.6
L. Revisions to New Quality Assurance and Quality Control
Language
M. Withdrawal of Appendices at 40 CFR part 136
N. Revisions to 40 CFR Part 430 (Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard
Point Source Category)
O. Revisions to 40 CFR Part 435 (Oil and Gas Extraction Point
Source Category)
IV. Response to Comments
A. How Standard Methods are Identified in Part 136 Tables
B. Preservation and Holding Time Requirements for EPA Method 624
C. Quality Assurance and Quality Control Requirements
V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and
Review and Executive Order 13563: Improving Regulation and
Regulatory Review
B. Paperwork Reduction Act
C. Regulatory Flexibility Act
D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With
Indian Tribal Governments
G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From
Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks
H. Executive Order 13211: Actions That Significantly Affect
Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use
I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995
J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address
Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income
Populations
K. Congressional Review Act
I. Statutory Authority
EPA is promulgating today's rule pursuant to the authority of
sections 301(a), 304(h), and 501(a) of the Clean Water Act (``CWA'' or
the ``Act''), 33 U.S.C. 1311(a), 1314(h), 1361(a). Section 301(a) of
the Act prohibits the discharge of any pollutant into navigable waters
unless the discharge complies with a National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) permit issued under section 402 of the Act.
Section 304(h) of the Act requires the Administrator of the EPA to ``*
* * promulgate guidelines establishing test procedures for the analysis
of pollutants that shall include the factors which must be provided in
any certification pursuant to [section 401 of this Act] or permit
application pursuant to [section 402 of this Act].'' Section 501(a) of
the Act authorizes the Administrator to ``* * * prescribe such
regulations as are necessary to carry out this function under [the
Act].'' EPA generally has codified its test procedure regulations
(including analysis and sampling requirements) for CWA programs at 40
CFR part 136, though some requirements are codified in other Parts
(e.g., 40 CFR Chapter I, Subchapters N and O).
II. Summary of Final Rule
The following sections describe the changes EPA is making in
today's final rule.
A. New EPA Methods and New Versions of Previously Approved EPA Methods
This rule approves new EPA methods and new versions of already
approved EPA methods. The following discussion briefly describes the
EPA methods added today to Part 136.
1. Oil and grease. Today's rule adds a new version of EPA Method
1664, 1664 Revision B: n-Hexane Extractable Material (HEM; Oil and
Grease) and Silica Gel Treated n-Hexane Extractable Material (SGT-HEM;
Non-polar Material) by Extraction and Gravimetry for use in CWA
programs. Today, EPA is also amending the RCRA regulations at 40 CFR
260.11, which currently specify the use of Method 1664 Rev. A, to
provide additionally for use of the revised version, 1664 Rev. B. As
stated in the preamble to the proposal (75 FR 58026, Sept. 23, 2010),
EPA encourages that future delistings cite ``Method 1664 Rev. B'' while
delistings already granted may continue to use Method 1664 Rev. A.
On December 14, 2011, EPA published a notice of data availability
(NODA) on a new method for oil and grease for use in Clean Water Act
programs (see 76 FR 77742). This method, ASTM D-7575-10, uses a
different extractant (a membrane filter instead of n-hexane for the
extraction of oil and grease material) and a different measurement
technique (infrared absorption instead of gravimetry) from the
extractant and measurement technique of currently approved methods for
oil and grease. The new method was discussed in the September 23, 2010
notice but EPA did not propose it for use as an approved method to be
codified at 40 CFR 136.3 because oil and grease is a method-defined
parameter. By definition, the measurement results of method-defined
parameters are specific to the described method and are not directly
comparable to results obtained by another method. However, since
publication of the Methods Update Rule proposal, the Agency received
additional data and information about this method and is re-considering
whether it should add this
[[Page 29760]]
method to the list of approved methods for oil and grease at 40 CFR
136.3. In the NODA, EPA proposed to include ASTM D-7575 for the
measurement of oil and grease based on comments received in response to
its September 23, 2010 proposal and the additional data. EPA will make
a decision on the inclusion of the new method once it reviews the
public comments received in response to the NODA and will then publish
that decision in a separate Federal Register notice.
2. Metals. Today's rule adds EPA Method 200.5 (Revision 4.2):
``Determination of Trace Elements in Drinking Water by Axially Viewed
Inductively Coupled Plasma--Atomic Emission Spectrometry'' to Table IB.
The rule also clarifies that the axial orientation of the torch is
allowed for use with EPA Method 200.7. Thus, EPA will allow the use of
axial instruments or radial instruments to measure metals in water
samples.
3. Pesticides. Today's rule adds EPA Method 525.2 to Table IG (Test
Methods for Pesticide Active Ingredients) as an additional approved
method for all parameters for which EPA has previously approved EPA
Method 525.1, and also adds Methods 525.1 and 525.2 to Table ID for the
same parameters for which EPA had previously approved Method 525.1 in
Table IG. The rule also adds some of the methods for Pesticide Active
Ingredients (Table IG) to applicable parameters listed in Table ID for
general use. These methods are:
a. EPA Method 608.1, ``The Determination of Organochlorine
Pesticides in Municipal and Industrial Wastewater.'' This method
measures chlorobenzilate, chloroneb, chloropropylate,
dibromochloropropane, etridiazole, PCNB, and propachlor.
b. EPA Method 608.2, ``The Determination of Certain Organochlorine
Pesticides in Municipal and Industrial Wastewater.'' This method
measures chlorothalonil, DCPA, dichloran, methoxychlor, and permethrin.
c. EPA Method 614, ``The Determination of Organophosphorus
Pesticides in Municipal and Industrial Wastewater.'' This method
measures azinphos methyl, demeton, diazinon, disulfoton, ethion,
malathion, parathion methyl, and parathion ethyl.
d. EPA Method 614.1, ``The Determination of Organophosphorus
Pesticides in Municipal and Industrial Wastewater.'' This method
measures dioxathion, EPN, ethion, and terbufos.
e. EPA Method 615, ``The Determination of Chlorinated Herbicides in
Municipal and Industrial Wastewater.'' This method measures 2,4-D,
dalapon, 2,4-DB, dicamba, dichlorprop, dinoseb, MCPA, MCPP, 2,4,5-T,
and 2,4,5-TP.
f. EPA Method 617, ``The Determination of Organohalide Pesticides
and PCBs in Municipal and Industrial Wastewater.'' This method measures
aldrin, [alpha]-BHC, [beta]-BHC, [gamma]-BHC (lindane), captan,
carbophenothion, chlordane, 4,4'-DDD, 4,4'-DDE, 4,4'-DDT, dichloran,
dicofol, dieldrin, endosulfan I, endosulfan II, endosulfan sulfate,
endrin, endrin aldehyde, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, isodrin,
methoxychlor, mirex, PCNB, perthane, strobane, toxaphene, trifluralin,
PCB-1016, PCB-1221, PCB-1232, PCB-1242, PCB-1248, PCB-1254, and PCB-
1260.
g. EPA Method 619, ``The Determination of Triazine Pesticides in
Municipal and Industrial Wastewater.'' This method measures ametryn,
atraton, atrazine, prometon, prometryn, propazine, sec-bumeton,
simetryn, simazine, terbuthylazine, and terbutryn.
h. EPA Method 622, ``The Determination of Organophosphorus
Pesticides in Municipal and Industrial Wastewater.'' This method
measures azinphos methyl, bolstar, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos methyl,
coumaphos, demeton, diazinon, dichlorvos, disulfoton, ethoprop,
fensulfothion, fenthion, merphos, mevinphos, naled, parathion methyl,
phorate, ronnel, stirofos, tokuthion, and trichloronate.
i. EPA Method 622.1, ``The Determination of Thiophosphate
Pesticides in Municipal and Industrial Wastewater.'' This method
measures aspon, dichlofenthion, famphur, fenitrothion, fonophos,
phosmet, and thionazin.
j. EPA Method 632, ``The Determination of Carbamate and Urea
Pesticides in Municipal and Industrial Wastewater.'' This method
measures aminocarb, barban, carbaryl, carbofuran, chlorpropham, diuron,
fenuron, fenuron-TCA, fluometuron, linuron, methiocarb, methomyl,
mexacarbate, monuron, monuron-TCA, neburon, oxamyl, propham, propoxur,
siduron, and swep.
4. Microbiologicals. Today's rule approves the 2005 versions of EPA
Method 1622, ``Cryptosporidium in Water by Filtration/IMS/FA'' and EPA
Method 1623, ``Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Water by Filtration/IMS/
FA'' in Table IH for ambient water.
The rule approves revised versions of EPA Methods 1103.1, 1106.1,
1600, 1603, and 1680 in Table IH. The rule also approves the revised
version of EPA Methods 1600, 1603 and 1680 in Table IA. We corrected
technical errors in these revisions.
5. Non-Conventionals. Today's rule adds EPA Method 1627, ``Kinetic
Test Method for the Prediction of Mine Drainage Quality'' to Table IB
as a new parameter termed ``Acid Mine Drainage.''
6. Organics. Today's rule approves EPA Method 624, ``Purgeables,''
for the determination of acrolein and acrylonitrile in wastewater and
revises footnote 4 to Table IC to specify that the laboratory must
provide documentation about its ability to measure these analytes at
the levels necessary to comply with associated regulations.
B. New Standard Methods and New Versions of Approved Standard Methods
This rule approves the following Standard Methods (SM) for certain
pollutants currently listed in Table IB at Part 136. Laboratories
performing measurements using any of the approved Standard Methods must
follow the quality control (QC) procedures specified in the 20th or
21st edition of Standard Methods. Below is a list of the Standard
Methods added to Table IB in Part 136:
1. SM 5520 B-2001 and SM 5520 F-2001, Oil and Grease, gravimetric
2. SM 4500-NH3 G-1997, Ammonia (as N) and TKN, automated
phenate method
3. SM 4500-B B-2000, Boron, curcumin method
4. SM 4140 B-1997, Inorganic Ions (Bromide, Chloride, Fluoride,
Orthophosphate, and Sulfate), capillary ion electrophoresis with
indirect UV detection
5. SM 3114 B-2009, Arsenic and Selenium, AA gaseous hydride
6. SM 3114 C-2009, Arsenic and Selenium, AA gaseous hydride
7. SM 3111 E-1999, Aluminum and Beryllium, direct aspiration atomic
absorption spectrometry
8. SM 5220 B-1997, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), titrimetric
9. SM 3500-Cr B-2009, Chromium, colorimetric method
10. SM 4500-Norg D-1997, Kjeldahl Nitrogen, semi-automated
block digestor colorimetric
11. SM 3112 B-2009, Mercury, cold vapor, manual
12. SM 4500-P G-1999 and SM 4500-P H-1999, Phosphorus, Total, automated
ascorbic acid reduction
13. SM 4500-P E-1999 and SM 4500-P F-1999, Phosphorus, Total, manual,
and automated ascorbic acid reduction
14. SM 4500-O B, D, E and F-2001, Oxygen, Dissolved, Winkler
15. SM 4500-O D-2001, Oxygen, Dissolved, Winkler
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16. SM 4500-O E-2001, Oxygen, Dissolved, alum flocculation modification
17. SM 5530 B-2005, Phenols, manual distillation
18. SM 5530 D-2005, Phenols, colorimetric
19. SM 3500-K C-1997, Potassium, Total, selective electrode method
20. SM 2540 E-1997, Residues--Volatile, gravimetric
21. SM 4500-SiO2 E-1997 and SM 4500-SiO2 F-1997,
Silica, Dissolved, automated molybdosilicate
22. SM 4500-SO42- C-1997, D-1997, E-1997, F-1997
and G-1997, Sulfate, gravimetric, and automated colorimetric
23. SM 4500-S2- B-2000 and C-2000, Sulfide, sample
pretreatment
C. New ASTM Methods and New Versions of Previously Approved ASTM
Methods
The rule approves the following ASTM methods for existing
pollutants and ASTM methods for new pollutants to 40 CFR part 136,
Table IB for inorganic compounds, and Table IC for organic compounds.
1. ASTM D2036-09 (B), Cyanide--Total, Cyanide amenable to cholorination
2. ASTM D6888-09, Cyanide--Available, flow injection and ligand
exchange
3. ASTM D7284-08, Cyanide--Total, flow injection
4. ASTM D7511-09, Cyanide--Total, segmented flow injection
5. Free cyanide is added as a new parameter (24A in Table IB); two ASTM
methods (D4282-02 and D7237-10) are approved, in addition to a new
version of OIA 1677(2009) for this parameter. D4282-02 is a Standard
Test Method for Determination of Free Cyanide in Water and Wastewater
by Microdiffusion, and Method D7237-10 is a Standard Test Method for
Free Cyanide with Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) Utilizing Gas Diffusion
Separation and Amperometric Detection.
6. ASTM D888-09 (A), Oxygen Dissolved, Winkler
7. ASTM D7573-09, Organic Carbon--Total, combustion
8. ASTM D7065-06, Five new chemicals in water: Nonylphenol (NP),
Bisphenol A (BPA), p-tert-Octylphenol (OP), Nonylphenol Monoethoxylate
(NP1EO), and Nonylphenol Diethoxylate (NP2EO), Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry
D. New Alternate Test Procedures at 40 CFR 136.3
The rule approves eight methods submitted to EPA for review through the
alternate test procedures (ATP) program and deemed acceptable based on
the evaluation of documented method performance. The eight methods
approved are added to Table IB:
1. Hach Company's Method 10360 Luminescence Measurement of Dissolved
Oxygen in Water and Wastewater and for Use in the Determination of
BOD5 and cBOD5, Revision 1.2 dated October 2011
2. In-Situ Incorporated's Method 1002-8-2009 Dissolved Oxygen
Measurement by Optical Probe
3. In-Situ Incorporated's Method 1003-8-2009 Biochemical Demand (BOD)
Measurement by Optical Probe
4. In-Situ Incorporated's Method 1004-8-2009 Carbonaceous Biochemical
Oxygen Demand (CBOD) Measurement by Optical Probe
5. Mitchell Method M5271 dated July 31, 2008 for turbidity
6. Mitchell Method M5331 dated July 31, 2008 for turbidity
7. Thermo Scientific's Orion Method AQ4500 dated March 12, 2009 for
turbidity
8. Easy (1-Reagent) Nitrate Method dated November 12, 2011 for nitrate,
nitrite and combined nitrate/nitrite
E. Clarifications and Corrections to Previously Approved Methods in 40
CFR 136.3
The rule also clarifies the procedures for measuring orthophosphate
and corrects typographical or other citation errors in Part 136.
Specifically, the rule clarifies the purpose of the immediate
filtration requirement in orthophosphate measurements (Table IB,
parameter 44), which is to assess the dissolved or bio-available form
of orthophosphorus (i.e., that portion which passes through a 0.45-
micron filter)--hence the requirement to filter the sample immediately
upon collection (i.e., within 15 minutes of collection). EPA has added
a footnote (24) to Table II providing this clarification. The rule also
corrects missing citations to the table of microbiological methods for
ambient water monitoring which are specified in Table IH at 40 CFR
136.3. When EPA approved the use of certain microbiological methods on
March 26, 2007 (72 FR 14220), EPA inadvertently omitted fecal coliform,
total coliform, and fecal streptococcus methods from the table. This
omission is corrected in today's rule.
F. Revisions in Table II at 40 CFR 136.3(e) to Required Containers,
Preservation Techniques, and Holding Times
The rule revises some of the current requirements in Table II at
136.3(e).
1. The rule revises footnote 4 of Table II to clarify the sample
holding time for the Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) samples for the
three toxicity methods by adding the following sentence: ``For static-
renewal toxicity tests, each grab or composite sample may also be used
to prepare test solutions for renewal at 24 h, 48 h, and/or 72 h after
first use, if stored at 0-6 [deg]C, with minimum head space.'' In
addition, EPA will post on the WET Web site corrections to errata in
the ``Short-term Methods for Estimating the Chronic Toxicity of
Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater Organisms'' manual (EPA
2010e).
2. The rule revises the cyanide sample handling instructions in
Footnote 5 of Table II to recommend the treatment options for samples
containing oxidants described in ASTM's sample handling practice for
cyanide samples, D7365-09a.
3. The rule revises the cyanide sample handling instructions in
Footnote 6 of Table II to describe options available when the
interference mitigation instructions in D7365-09a are not effective,
and to allow the use of any technique for removal or suppression of
interference, provided the laboratory demonstrates and documents that
the alternate technique more accurately measures cyanide through
quality control measures described in the analytical test method.
4. The rule revises footnote 16 of Table II instructions for
handling Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) samples by adding two sentences:
``Aqueous samples must not be frozen. Hand-delivered samples used on
the day of collection do not need to be cooled to 0 to 6 [deg]C prior
to test initiation.''
5. The rule revises footnote 22 to Table II to read ``Sample
analysis should begin as soon as possible after receipt; sample
incubation must be started no later than 8 hours from time of
collection.''
6. The rule adds three entries at the end of Table II with the
containers, preservation, and holding times for the alkylated phenols,
adsorbable organic halides, and chlorinated phenolics. When EPA
proposed ASTM D7065-06 for the alkylated phenols, commenters noted that
EPA did not include preservation and holding time information in Table
II. When EPA moved EPA Methods 1650 and 1653
[[Page 29762]]
from 40 CFR part 430 to Table IC, EPA inadvertently omitted the
associated parameters to Table II, and is correcting this omission in
today's rule. The Table II information for containers, preservation,
and holding times for these three new entries are taken from the
approved methods.
G. Revisions to 40 CFR 136.4 and 136.5
This rule changes Sec. Sec. 136.4 and 136.5 to clarify the
procedures for obtaining review and approval for the use of alternate
test procedures (alternate methods or ATPs) for those methods for which
EPA has published an ATP protocol (there are published protocols for
chemistry, radiochemical, and microbiological culture methods). In
particular, it establishes separate sections outlining the procedures
for obtaining EPA review and approval for nationwide use of an ATP
(Sec. Sec. 136.4), and the procedures for obtaining approval for
limited use of an ATP (Sec. Sec. 136.5).
In addition, this rule adds language to Part 136.5 to clarify the
purpose and intent of limited use applications. This provision only
allows use of an alternate method for a specific application at a
facility or type of discharge. The Regional Alternate Test Procedure
(ATP) Coordinator or the permitting authority, at his/her discretion,
may grant approval to all discharges or facilities specified in the
approval letter. However, the appropriate permitting authority within a
state may request supporting test data from each discharger or facility
prior to allowing any such approvals.
Today's rule further clarifies that the limited use provision
cannot be used to gain nationwide approval and is not a way to avoid
the full examination of comparability that is required for alternate
test procedures when EPA considers a method for nationwide use with the
ultimate goal of listing it as an approved CWA method at 40 CFR part
136. As further clarification, in the event that EPA decides not to
approve a method proposed for nationwide use, the Regional ATP
Coordinator or the permitting authority may choose to reconsider any
previous limited use approvals of the alternate method. Based on this
reconsideration, the Regional ATP Coordinator or the permitting
authority will notify the user(s) if the limited use approval is
withdrawn. Otherwise, the limited use approvals remain in effect.
H. Revisions to Method Modification Provisions at 40 CFR 136.6
This section allows users to make certain modifications to an
approved method to address matrix interferences without the extensive
review and approval process specified for an alternate test procedure
at 136.4 and 136.5. Today's rule revises 136.6 to provide more examples
of allowed and prohibited method modifications. The intent of today's
revisions is to clarify those situations in which an ATP is required
and those where it is not. Analysts may use the examples to help assess
the need for a formal ATP, and in the event an ATP is not needed to
document that their modification is acceptable and does not depart
substantially from the chemical principles in the method being
modified.
In response to comments, EPA has included additional examples of
allowed and prohibited method modifications and has made some revisions
to the text language as discussed in Section III below.
I. New Quality Assurance and Quality Control Language at 40 CFR 136.7
EPA is specifying ``essential'' quality control elements at Sec.
136.7 for use in conducting an analysis for CWA compliance monitoring.
This new language is added because auditors, co-regulators, laboratory
personnel, and the regulated community have noted the variations in
quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) procedures practiced by
laboratories that use 40 CFR part 136 methods for compliance
monitoring. Some of these methods are published by voluntary consensus
standards bodies, such as the Standard Methods Committee, and ASTM
International. Standard Methods and ASTM are available in printed or
electronic compendia, or as individual online files. As mentioned in
the proposal, each organization has a unique compendium structure. QA
and QC method guidance or requirements may be listed directly in the
approved consensus method, or, as is more often the case, these
requirements are listed in other parts of the compendium.
Regardless of the publisher, edition, or source of an analytical
method approved for CWA compliance monitoring, analysts must use
suitable QA/QC procedures whether EPA or other method publishers have
specified these procedures in a particular Part 136 method, or
referenced these procedures by other means. These records must be kept
in-house as part of the method testing documentation. Consequently,
today's rule clarifies that an analyst using these consensus standard
body methods for reporting under the CWA must also comply with the
quality assurance and quality control requirements listed in the
appropriate sections in that consensus standard body compendium. EPA's
approval of use of these voluntary consensus standard body methods
contemplated that any analysis using such methods would also meet the
quality assurance and quality control requirements prescribed for the
particular method. Thus, not following the applicable and appropriate
quality assurance and quality control requirements of the respective
method means that the analysis does not comply with the requirements in
EPA's NPDES regulations to monitor in accordance with the procedures of
40 CFR part 136 for analysis of pollutants.
For methods that lack QA/QC requirements (as specified in this new
section at 40 CFR 136.7), whether developed by EPA, a vendor, or a
consensus standard body, analysts can refer to and follow the QA/QC
published in several public sources. Examples of these sources include
the relevant QA/QC sections of an equivalent approved EPA method, or
voluntary consensus standards published as Part 136 approved methods
(e.g., Standard Methods, ASTM International, and AOAC). In addition to
and regardless of the source of the laboratory's or method's QA and QC
instructions, for methods that lack QA/QC requirements, EPA is adding
requirements at 136.7 to specify twelve essential quality control
elements that must be in the laboratory's documented quality system
unless a written rationale is provided to explain why these quality
control elements are inappropriate for a specific analytical method or
application. These twelve essential quality control checks must be
clearly documented in the written SOP (or method) along with a
performance specification or description for each of the twelve checks,
as applicable to the specific method. EPA has clarified the language in
this section in response to public comments. The revised language is
discussed in section III below.
J. Revisions at 40 CFR Part 423 (Steam Electric Power Generating Point
Source Category)
The rule revises the 40 CFR part 423 definitions for total residual
chlorine and free available chlorine at Sec. Sec. 423.11(a) and
423.11(l) to allow the use of ``chlorine--total residual'' and
``chlorine--free available'' methods in Sec. 136.3(a), Table IB, or
other methods approved by the permitting authority.
[[Page 29763]]
III. Changes Between the Proposed Rule and the Final Rule
Except as noted below, the content of the final rule is the same as
that of the proposed rule.
A. EPA Is Not Adding EPA Method 1614A
The Agency proposed to add Method 1614A, ``Brominated Diphenyl
Ethers in Water, Soil, Sediment, and Tissue by HRGC/HRMS.'' EPA
developed this method to determine 49 polybrominated diphenyl ether
(PBDE) congeners in aqueous, solid, tissue, and multi-phase matrices.
This method uses isotope dilution and internal standard high resolution
gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). The
commenters were divided on whether EPA should approve this method. Two
commenters stated that Method 1614A would be a valuable addition to the
list of approved methods, while two other commenters stated that the
method has not been sufficiently validated for use in Clean Water Act
programs. Upon further evaluation of the data supporting the use of
this test procedure and the peer review comments, EPA agrees with those
commenters who stated that additional validation data are needed to
fully characterize the performance of this method for various matrices
and has decided not to include Method 1614A in today's final rule.
B. Deferral of Action on EPA Method 1668C
The Agency proposed to add EPA Method 1668C, ``Chlorinated Biphenyl
Congeners in Water, Soil, Sediment, Biosolids, and Tissue by HRGC/
HRMS.'' This method measures individual chlorinated biphenyl congeners
in environmental samples by isotope dilution and internal standard high
resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/
HRMS). As discussed in the proposal, Part 136 methods for chlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs) only measure a mixture of congeners in seven
Aroclors--PCB-1016, PCB-1221, PCB-1232, PCB-1242, PCB-1248, PCB-1254,
and PCB-1260, while Method 1668C can measure the 209 PCB congeners in
these mixtures.
EPA began development of this method in 1995, initially covering 13
congeners labeled ``toxic'' by the World Health Organization. In 1999,
EPA expanded the scope of the method to include all 209 PCB congeners.
The method has been used to support several studies, including the 2001
National Sewage Sludge Survey and the National Lake Fish Tissue Survey.
Since 1999, EPA has revised the method to incorporate additional
information and data collected such as the results of an inter-
laboratory validation study, peer reviews of the method and the
validation study data, additional QC performance criteria and MDL data,
and user experiences. In the development and subsequent multi-
laboratory validation of this method, EPA evaluated method performance
characteristics, such as selectivity, calibration, bias, precision,
quantitation and detection limits. The Agency is aware that this method
is being used in some states in their regulatory programs and by other
groups for some projects with good success. For example, in a study of
data comparability between two laboratories on samples collected from
the Passaic River in New Jersey, in which 151 PCB congeners were
identified and measured, accuracy, as measured by analysis of an NIST
SRM, was 15% or better. Recoveries of the PCB congeners ranged from 90%
to 124% and averaged 105%; precision ranged from 4.2 to 23% (Passaic
River 2010). This type of data shows that recoveries and precision for
this method are within the performance achievable with other approved
methods.
EPA received comments from thirty-five individuals or organizations
on this method. Of these commenters, five (three states, one
laboratory, and one laboratory organization) supported the approval of
this method. Some states indicated that they are already requiring this
method for use in permits and for other purposes. On the other hand,
industry and industry groups/associations were critical of the method
for various reasons. Commenters opposing the method provided a detailed
critique of the method, the inter-laboratory study, the peer reviews
and the other supporting documentation. Among the criticisms of the
inter-laboratory study, commenters argued that: (1) EPA did not produce
documentation supporting changes to the method approved by EPA for the
interlaboratory study, (2) the raw data for wastewater and biosolids
was poor and is not fit for use in a comprehensive interlaboratory
study, (3) EPA cited certain guidelines such as ASTM but deviated from
those guidelines (e.g., used only one Youden pair per matrix), (4) the
peer reviewers' qualifications were questioned, (5) the addendum and
the pooled MDLs/MLs were not subjected to peer review, (6) MDL/ML are
flawed, the process to calculate MDLs/MLs for congeners that co-elute
was flawed, the MDL/ML ignored the ubiquitous problem of background
contamination, and (7) the validation study did not include all
matrices in the method (soil and sediment excluded). In addition, some
commenters also suggested that EPA should first promulgate new
detection and quantitation procedures. Further, commenters raised
questions about possible adverse effects of this new method on
compliance monitoring as well as concerns about data reporting and
costs.
EPA is still evaluating the large number of public comments and
intends to make a determination on the approval of this method at a
later date. In the meantime, the Agency has decided to go forward with
the promulgation of the other proposed analytical methods to expedite
their implementation by the regulated community and laboratories. This
decision does not negate the merits of this method for the
determination of PCB congeners in regulatory programs or for other
purposes when analyses are performed by an experienced laboratory.
C. EPA Is Not Adding ASTM Methods D7574-09 and D7485-09
In today's rule, EPA is not adding two proposed ASTM methods, ASTM
D7574-09 ``Standard Test Method for Determination of Bisphenol A
(BPA),'' and ASTM D7485-09 ``Standard Test Method for Determination of
NP, OP, NP1EO, and NP2EO.'' These two methods involve liquid
chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The methods
have been tested by a single laboratory in several environmental
waters, and may be useful for many applications. However, EPA has
decided to postpone approval of these two methods for general use until
completion of a full inter-laboratory validation study designed to
fully characterize the performance of these methods across multiple
laboratories and matrices.
D. Revisions and Clarifications to EPA Method 200.7
EPA Method 200.5 ``Determination of Trace Elements in Drinking
Water by Axially Viewed Inductively Coupled Plasma--Atomic Emission
Spectrometry'' employs a plasma torch viewed in the axial orientation
to measure chemical elements (metals). As stated earlier in today's
rule, EPA is adding Method 200.5 for some metals in Table IB. Both
Methods 200.5 and 200.7 are acceptable methods under Part 136 and both
methods employ ICP/AES technology. However, Method 200.5 includes
performance data for the axial configuration that is not in Method
200.7 because the axial technology torch
[[Page 29764]]
results were not available when Method 200.7 was developed. For some
parameters listed in Table IB, the axial orientation using ICP/AES
technology results in greater sensitivity and lower detection limits
than the radial orientation. Thus, today's approval of Method 200.5 and
the additional flexibility to modify Method 200.7 to use the axial
orientation discussed in the proposal will allow laboratories to use
either axial instruments or radial instruments to measure metals in
water samples with Method 200.7. In response to EPA's proposal to allow
the use of the axial orientation of the torch with EPA Method 200.7,
commenters expressed support for this added flexibility. Thus, today's
rule clarifies that the use of the axial orientation of the torch to
measure metals is an acceptable modification to Method 200.7. EPA has
added new text at Part 136.6(b)(5) to allow the use of the axial
orientation of the torch for Method 200.7 as an acceptable method
modification that does not require an ATP application.
EPA further notes that there was a typographical error in Section
II.J of the proposed rule which stated that the version of EPA Method
200.7 (which the Agency proposed to remove; with Appendix C, see
section IIIM below) has been superseded by Revision 5.4 of Method
200.7. Today's final rule reflects that the correct reference is
Revision 4.4 of EPA Method 200.7. In today's rule, EPA has added Method
200.7 Revision 4.4 as an additional approved method for the measurement
of titanium. As some commenters pointed out, EPA Method 200.7 covers
this parameter and exclusion of this method for the measurement of
titanium in Table IB was an oversight.
In addition, EPA has removed EPA Method 200.7 from Table IB for the
measurement of mercury. The addition of EPA Method 200.7 to the list of
approved methods for mercury in Table IB was an error. Although this
pollutant is on the list of analytes in EPA Method 200.7, mercury may
be lost to the atmosphere through the use of the approved total
recoverable metals digestion procedures (e.g., EPA Method 200.2, or the
digestion procedures listed in EPA Method 200.7) that must be applied
to the wastewater samples of interest under the Clean Water Act
program. Such losses can lead to poor recovery in the samples compared
to the sample preparation procedures included in other mercury methods
approved at 40 CFR part 136. Therefore, EPA Method 200.7 has not been
included in Table IB for mercury.
E. Revisions and Corrections to Certain Citations in Tables IA, IB, IC,
ID, and IG
EPA proposed some additions to Table IB which include some new
Standard Methods or new versions of approved Standard Methods. Today's
rule revises the applicability of some methods and makes some
corrections to the method citations. Specifically, EPA removed SM 3120
and SM 3125 for the measurement of mercury because mercury is not on
the list of analytes for these methods. In addition, EPA corrected the
citation of SM 3113 to SM 3113B-2004 in the final rule and has added SM
3113B-2004 for the measurement of cadmium, chromium, iron, lead, and
silver, because these analytes are covered by the method and they
exhibit acceptable analytical performance. These omissions were an
oversight.
EPA also deleted from Table ID an EPA GC/MS method, Method 525.1,
for the measurement of ametryn, diazinon, disulfoton, prometon, and
trifluoralin. These analytes are not listed within the scope of this
method and their inclusion in the proposal was an error.
EPA has corrected a number of typographical errors in the tables
and footnotes, correcting spelling and method availability information,
method title names, and document identification numbers. A complete
list of these changes has been included in a memo to the docket.
F. Continued Approval of Method 1664 Rev. A
EPA proposed to replace Method 1664 Rev. A for the measurement of
oil and grease with a revised version (Method 1664 Rev. B). This new
version of the method describes modifications that are allowed and
modifications that are not allowed when using this method for
compliance with Clean Water Act regulations. Comments were generally
supportive of the revised method but some commenters recommended that
Method 1664 Rev. A not be withdrawn immediately because many permits
currently specify the use of this method. In response to these
comments, EPA will continue to allow the use of Method 1664 Rev. A for
current permits because this method is not significantly different from
the revised version of the method. However, EPA strongly encourages the
use of the revised method (Method 1664 Rev. B) in the future. EPA may
revisit this decision in a future rulemaking.
G. Revision to Footnote 63 of Table IB at 40 CFR 136.3
EPA received comments that the Hach Method 10360, described in
footnote 63 of Table IB, is a dissolved oxygen procedure, and as such,
should only be listed as a procedure for dissolved oxygen, and not for
BOD and CBOD. EPA disagrees with these commenters because the method on
its face is clearly applicable to dissolved oxygen measurements in
conjunction with BOD and CBOD analyses, as described in the method. As
a result, in today's final rule, EPA added language to the end of this
footnote to clarify that Part 136 allows the use of Hach Method 10360
for measurement of dissolved oxygen in conjunction with the methods
approved for measurement of biochemical demand (BOD) and carbonaceous
biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD).
H. Revision to Footnote 4 of Table IC at 40 CFR 136.3
EPA received comments on the proposed approval of Method 624 for
the definitive determination of acrolein and acrylonitrile. Commenters
agreed with the addition of these two analytes, but one of these
commenters expressed concern about a blanket approval without requiring
a demonstration of adequate performance and appropriate sample
introduction techniques. This commenter recommended that performance
criteria and information about appropriate sample introduction
techniques be added to footnote 4 of Table IC. EPA agrees with this
commenter's suggestions because this requirement would ensure that the
laboratory has the ability to measure these analytes at the levels
necessary to comply with any associated regulations. In response to
these concerns, in today's rule, the Agency revised the footnote to add
a statement requiring documentation of the ability to quantitatively
measure these analytes and advising analysts that other sample
introduction techniques may be required to achieve adequate
performance.
I. Revisions to Table II Language
EPA proposed to revise the text at 136.3(e) to allow any party to
modify sample preservation and holding times after submitting
documentation to its permitting or other authority that supports use of
an alternative approach. Commenters expressed concern that this change
would present a burden both to permitting authorities to review and
approve changes, and for laboratories that work in different states
because each state could have different requirements. In response to
public comments, EPA has removed the proposed language at 136.3(e) that
would have allowed such modifications based on documentation and
procedures
[[Page 29765]]
determined by individual permitting authorities. Instead, such
modifications must continue to be requested via a limited use ATP
application to the Regional Alternate Test Procedure Coordinator or
permitting authority, as appropriate. Thus, approval of any changes in
sample preservation procedures, container materials, and maximum
allowable holding time will remain unchanged and continue to be the
responsibility of EPA through its Alternate Test Procedure program. EPA
clarified language regarding the limited use application process
procedure. Additionally, in today's rule, EPA added a clarifying
sentence at the end of the current language to emphasize that an
analyst cannot modify any sample preservation or holding time
requirements in an approved method unless the requirements in Section
136.3(e) are met.
EPA also revised footnote 4 to Table II to delete the parenthetical
statement specifying that samples analyzed for fecal coliforms may be
held up to six hours prior to commencing analysis. That statement in
footnote 4 is inconsistent with the requirement for an eight-hour
holding time, as pointed out by a commenter.
In response to comments, EPA included a new entry in Table II for
the alkylated phenols (parameters 114 to 118 in Table IC) that was
inadvertently omitted from the proposal. Similarly, when EPA moved EPA
Methods 1650 and 1653 to Table IC, EPA inadvertently omitted to add the
parameters adsorbable organic halides (AOX) and chlorinated phenolics
to Table II. The Table II information for containers, preservation, and
holding times for these three new entries are taken from the approved
methods.
J. Approval of Alternate Test Procedures for Limited Use at 40 CFR
136.5
EPA proposed changes to 40 CFR 136.4 and 136.5 that establish the
procedures for obtaining approval for use of a nationwide or limited
use ATP. The proposed revisions established separate sections outlining
the procedures for obtaining EPA review and approval for nationwide use
of an ATP (Sec. Sec. 136.4), and the procedures for obtaining approval
for limited use of an ATP (Sec. Sec. 136.5). The proposal also
included language to clarify that limited use approvals do not require
the same level of supporting data that would be required for nationwide
approvals and that limited use approvals are not intended to be used as
a means to avoid the full examination of comparability that is required
for an application for approval of an alternative test procedure for
nationwide use.
Today's rule finalizes these sections as proposed with one
exception. EPA received comments that the proposed language under Sec.
136.5 does not require that comparability data be submitted when
seeking a Regional limited use ATP approval. EPA agrees that
comparability data is an essential component of the ATP approval
process and had inadvertently omitted this language. As a result, the
Agency added language in today's final rule that requires an applicant
to provide comparability data specific to the limited use for the
performance of the proposed alternative test procedure relative to the
performance of the reference method.
K. Revisions to Language at Sec. 136.6
EPA proposed to revise the section on method modification
provisions at 40 CFR 136.6 to provide more examples of allowed and
prohibited method modifications. Acceptable reasons for an analyst to
modify a method include analytical practices that lower detection
limits, improve precision, reduce interferences, lower laboratory
costs, and promote environmental stewardship by reducing generation of
laboratory wastes. Acceptable modifications may use existing or
emerging analytical technologies that achieve these ends provided that
they do not depart substantially from the underlying chemical
principles in methods currently approved in 40 CFR part 136. Analysts
may use the examples in this section to help assess whether the
modifications require an ATP and if not, to document that their
modification is acceptable. The additional examples provide further
guidance to laboratories and permittees on allowable method
modifications that do not require an application through the ATP
program. Proposal comments generally expressed support for allowing the
flexibility to make certain changes to methods and for the specific
examples of allowable changes included in the proposal. In addition,
some commenters suggested revisions to clarify EPA's intent in Sections
(b)(4) and (b)(5) of 40 CFR 136.6. EPA reviewed the suggestions and
agrees with commenters that the revisions will provide additional
clarity. In addition, as discussed in Section III.D of this preamble,
EPA added the use of axially viewed torch as an allowable modification
to Method 200.7. Today's rule includes the following revisions to the
regulatory text:
(a) Adds language to Section (b)(3) to clarify that modifications
to sample collection, preservation, and holding time do not fall within
the scope of 136.6,
(b) Revises the language at (b)(4)(T) be more specific with respect
to the use of gas diffusion across a hydrophobic semi-permeable
membrane to separate the analyte of interest from the sample matrix in
place of manual or automated distillation for the analysis of certain
analytes,
(c) Revises the equation for Relative Standard Error (RSE) in
(b)(4)(J) to make it consistent with the description in other EPA
methods, and
(d) Adds the use of an axially viewed torch with Method 200.7 as an
allowable modification.
L. Revisions to New Quality Assurance and Quality Control Language
For today's rule, EPA added some introductory language to this
section to clarify the new requirements. EPA added this language to
provide some additional clarity as to when the new requirements are
applicable and, thus, must be incorporated into the laboratory's
documented standard operating procedures. Additional discussion of the
revisions is provided under section IV.C below.
M. Withdrawal of Appendices at 40 CFR Part 136
EPA proposed to incorporate by reference in Table IB all of the
methods printed in 40 CFR part 136 Appendices A and C, and to remove
most of the information in Appendix D. The methods in Appendix A are
EPA Method Numbers 601 through 613, 624, 625, 1613B, 1624B, and 1625B.
Appendix C contains EPA Method 200.7, ``Determination of Metals and
Trace Elements in Water and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma--
Atomic Emission Spectrometry''. However, Federal regulations at 1 CFR
part 51.7(c)(1) prohibit the incorporation by reference of material
previously published in the Federal Register. Thus, EPA is not
withdrawing Appendices A or C. Because EPA Method 200.7 has been
revised, EPA is replacing the current version of this method in
Appendix C with Rev. 4.4 of Method 200.7. All of these methods are
readily accessible from a variety of sources, including EPA's CWA
methods Web site http://water.epa.gov/scitech/methods/cwa/index.cfm.
The rule also removes most of the data from Appendix D for all EPA
methods that are no longer approved, and retains only the Precision and
Recovery Statements for EPA Method 279.2 for thallium and EPA Method
289.2 for zinc, and corrects
[[Page 29766]]
typographical errors in the Appendix. The current version of Appendix D
will be available online at the CWA methods Web site for historical
purposes.
N. Revisions at 40 CFR Part 430 (Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Point
Source Category)
EPA also proposed to remove Appendix A at 40 CFR part 430 and to
incorporate by reference the methods in this Appendix. Appendix A
contains two methods, EPA Method 1650 for adsorbable organic halides or
AOX, and EPA Method 1653 for chlorinated phenolics. As explained above,
we cannot incorporate by reference this material, so Appendix A remains
unchanged in the Code of Federal Regulations. These methods are also
readily available from a variety of sources, including EPA's CWA
methods Web site http://water.epa.gov/scitech/methods/cwa/index.cfm.
EPA is also adding these two methods to Table IC for general use.
O. Revisions at 40 CFR Part 435 (Oil and Gas Extraction Point Source
Category)
The rule makes several changes to Part 435, Oil and Gas Extraction
Point Source Category. First, EPA is moving the methods and associated
quality assurance requirements from 40 CFR part 435, Subpart A
(Offshore Subcategory) to an EPA document (``Analytic Methods for the
Oil and Gas Extraction Point Source Category,'' EPA-821-R-11-004), and
incorporating by reference this document in the revised regulation at
40 CFR part 435. This approach organizes the analytical methods for the
Offshore Subcategory into one document and allows for easier access to
the methods for this category. The following table lists the methods
EPA moved from part 435 to the cited document, EPA-821-R-11-004.
EPA Method Numbers for Oil and Gas Extraction Point Source Category Analytical Methods and Prior CFR References
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Date first
Analytical/Test method EPA Method No. promulgated Previous CFR references
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Static Sheen Test............................. 1617 1993 Subpart A, Appendix 1.
Drilling Fluids Toxicity Test................. 1619 1993 Subpart A, Appendix 2.
Procedure for Mixing Base Fluids With 1646 2001 Subpart A, Appendix 3.
Sediments.
Protocol for the Determination of Degradation 1647 2001 Subpart A, Appendix 4.
of Non-Aqueous Base Fluids in a Marine Closed
Bottle Biodegradation Test System: Modified
ISO 11734:1995.
Determination of Crude Oil Contamination in 1655 2001 Subpart A, Appendix 5.
Non-Aqueous Drilling Fluids by Gas
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS).
Reverse Phase Extraction (RPE) Method for 1670 2001 Subpart A, Appendix 6.
Detection of Oil Contamination in Non-Aqueous
Drilling Fluids (NAF).
Determination of the Amount of Non-Aqueous 1674 2001 Subpart A, Appendix 7.
Drilling Fluid (NAF) Base Fluid from Drill
Cuttings by a Retort Chamber (Derived from
API Recommended Practice 13B-2).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
As noticed in the proposed rule, EPA is also incorporating
additional quality assurance procedures in the marine anaerobic
biodegradation method (Appendix 4 of Subpart A of part 435) and is
correcting some erroneous references and omissions in the method for
identification of crude oil contamination (Appendix 5 of Subpart A of
part 435) into the new document (EPA-821-R-11-004).
EPA promulgated the use of the marine anaerobic biodegradation
method (closed bottle test, ISO 11734:1995 as clarified by Appendix 4
to Subpart A of part 435) as an Appendix to the rule in 2001 because it
most closely modeled the ability of a drilling fluid to biodegrade
anaerobically in marine environments (January 22, 2001; 66 FR 6864).
Subsequent to this promulgation, EPA incorporated additional quality
assurance procedures for the marine anaerobic biodegradation method in
the NPDES permit for the Western Gulf of Mexico (``Final NPDES General
Permit for New and Existing Sources and New Dischargers in the Offshore
Subcategory of the Oil and Gas Extraction Category for the Western
Portion of the Outer Continental Shelf of the Gulf of Mexico,''
GMG290000, Appendix B). The additional quality assurance instructions
in the GMG290000 more clearly describe the sample preparation and
compliance determination steps. Specifically, these additional quality
assurance procedures clarify that users must only use headspace gas to
determine compliance with the Part 435 effluent guidelines. EPA worked
with the same industry consortium that assisted EPA in the development
of the analytical methods used in the effluent guidelines for the Oil
and Gas Extraction point source category (40 CFR part 435) to develop
these additional quality assurance measures. Thus, the quality
assurance procedures are generally applicable to this industry.
Additionally, as noticed in the proposed rule, EPA is correcting
some erroneous references and omissions in the method for
identification of crude oil contamination (Appendix 5 of Subpart A of
Part 435), as follows:
a. Adding a schematic flow for qualitative identification of crude
oil, which was erroneously omitted in Appendix 5 to Subpart A of part
435,
b. Correcting erroneous citations in sections 9.5, 9.6, 11.3, and
11.3.1 of Appendix 5, and
c. Adding a missing ``<'' (less than) sign for identification of
crude oil contamination in the asphaltene crude discussion at Section
11.5.4.2. The asphaltene discussion now reads as follows: ``Asphaltene
crude oils with API gravity < 20 may not produce chromatographic peaks
strong enough to show contamination at levels of the calibration.
Extracted ion peaks should be easier to see than increased intensities
for the C8 to C13 peaks. If a sample of asphaltene crude from the
formation is available, a calibration standard shall be prepared.''
EPA received three comments on the proposed changes. One commenter
was concerned that the EPA document (EPA-821-R-11-004) would not have
the same legal status as publishing the methods in the CFR. EPA
disagrees with this comment. The incorporation by reference of this
document has the same legal standing as publishing the text of the
methods in the CFR. EPA has a long standing practice of publishing test
methods using incorporation by reference and the cited test methods are
[[Page 29767]]
as legally enforceable as those published in full in the CFR. EPA is
consolidating these methods into one document to allow for easier
access to these methods. The incorporation by reference of this
document also allows for better formatting of the methods and
eliminates the redundant publication of these methods each year in the
Code of Federal Regulations. Two other commenters had some
recommendations for additional revisions to the EPA document (EPA-821-
R-09-013). EPA has not adopted these suggestions, given the absence of
an opportunity for the public generally to comment on them. EPA will,
however, consider these comments and may propose additional revisions
in a future rulemaking. As noticed in the proposed rulemaking, the
final rule consolidates the oil and gas test methods into a single
document and references this document in the effluent guidelines (40
CFR part 435). Like any other changes to an EPA-approved method, any
changes to the methods in the EPA document (EPA-821-R-11-004) will
require a rulemaking.
IV. Summary of EPA's Response to Comments
The Agency received comments from 117 different individuals or
organizations on the September 23, 2010 proposal (75 FR 58024).
Commenters represented a variety of different interests, including
analytical laboratories, water utilities, instrument manufacturers,
State and local governments, trade associations, and industry. A
summary of major public comments on the proposed rule and the Agency's
responses is presented in this section. The public docket for this rule
includes all of the comments received and the Agency's responses.
A. Approval of Standard Methods
EPA proposed to revise how to identify EPA-approved Part 136
methods that are published by the Standard Methods Committee (i.e.,
Standard Methods). EPA proposed two changes. First, EPA proposed to
change the way it identifies an EPA-approved version of a Standard
Method in Part 136. Second, EPA proposed to identify only the most
recently EPA-approved version of a Standard Method in Part 136. In the
past, EPA listed multiple versions of these methods from the 18th,
19th, 20th editions of the printed compendiums, or from the on-line
editions published by the Standard Methods Committee, in one or more
columns in the Part 136.3 tables. In some cases, EPA approved more than
one version of a Standard Method for a particular analyte in Part 136.
Approval of several versions of the same Standard Method for an analyte
has led to inconsistencies in how laboratories conduct these analyses,
especially in quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) practices. For
this reason, EPA proposed to list only the most recently EPA-approved
version of a Standard Method (regardless of the printed or on-line
edition) in Part 136, with few exceptions, to identify the method with
the year of Standard Methods approval or adoption designated by the
last four digits in the method number (e.g., Standard Method 3113B-
2004). This approach clearly identifies the version of the standard
method approved under Part 136 and no longer ties it to a particular
compendium printing or edition of Standard Methods. For example, the
exact method, Standard Method 3113B-2004 appears in the 18th, 19th, and
20th edition of Standard Methods. Because this method is the same in
all of these editions, a laboratory may refer to any of these editions
when using Standard Method 3113B-2004 to measure the analytes listed in
Table IB that are approved for this method. Thus, EPA's proposed
approach to identify Part 136 approved standard methods does not rely
on the particular edition of a compendium but rather on the latest
Standard Methods approved version (by indicating the year of approval).
EPA received numerous comments concerning the proposed changes to
specify the method with the year of publication, rather than specifying
the editions of Standard Methods in which the method is printed, and to
list in Part 136 only the most recent EPA-approved version of a
Standard Method if Standard Methods has multiple versions of a method
for a pollutant. Some commenters expressed concern about other economic
impacts related to laboratory start-up tests, and the need for training
and revised standard operating procedures (SOPs) associated with the
use of the most recently approved method. In response, EPA maintains
that the economic impacts of start-up tests or the need for revised
SOPs are part of the necessary expenses to maintain a laboratory
producing data of known and acceptable quality and these costs are not
unusual. Training new staff or training current staff on new procedures
is also a cost that any laboratory must consider as part of doing
business.
EPA is aware that Standard Methods and other voluntary consensus
organizations such as ASTM and AOAC periodically revise existing
methods and publish them on-line and/or as a compendium. In addition to
EPA-developed methods, the Agency approves certain methods developed by
these and other organizations as required under the National Technology
Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA) and lists them in Part 136
periodically. Often, after EPA approves a Standard Method for use in
Part 136, Standard Methods releases or adopts a revised version of that
method. Generally, these revised Standard Methods involve the use of
new technologies or improvements to previously approved methods. By
referencing the year of adoption by Standard Methods, EPA's proposed
change in its method citations was intended to clarify which version of
a Standard Method is approved by EPA in Part 136. The on-line site for
Standard Methods allows electronic release of new methods and revisions
to existing methods prior to the publication of the compendium edition.
Currently, Standard Methods is on a 5-7 year cycle for publication of
the compendium and is set to release its 22nd edition soon. In some
cases, an older version of a method approved by the Standard Methods
Committee may appear on the on-line or compendium version of Standard
Methods. The date of adoption is on the first page of the compendium or
on-line method.
Commenters are correct in pointing out that, in the event that they
elect to use an EPA-approved Standard Method for compliance purposes,
they would be required to use the most recently EPA-approved version of
a Standard Method. EPA is not requiring any EPA-approved Standard
Method in today's rule. Dischargers may use any approved Part 136
method for compliance monitoring unless the method is specified in its
discharge permit by the permitting authority, or the method is not
sufficiently sensitive to comply with the permit limit. Also, if the
discharger elects to use an EPA-approved Standard Method and does not
have the most recent EPA-approved version, EPA finds the costs would
not be significant. The discharger/laboratory would need to purchase
the on-line version for the individual method and would not need to
absorb the cost of a full subscription to the on-line service. On-line
versions of a single method generally cost $69. Relative to the costs
that laboratories charge to run such an analysis (generally many times
over), this cost is negligible. Therefore, EPA does not agree with
commenters that they will have to purchase an on-line subscription to
Standard Methods nor does it conclude that this change will
[[Page 29768]]
present a significant financial burden to laboratories.
Another concern raised was that any changes in Standard Methods in
the future would be automatically approved without EPA review. This
assertion is incorrect. Any new or revised Standard Methods would be
proposed in the Federal Register for public comment before inclusion in
Part 136 as required under the Clean Water Act.
Some commenters also expressed concern that this change may affect
the approval status of existing alternate test procedures that were
evaluated by EPA relative to older Standard Methods. With respect to
this concern, the Agency is not withdrawing any approved ATPs. EPA's
withdrawal of its earlier approved versions of Standard Methods is not
intended to affect the acceptance of any vendor-developed methods based
on older Standard Methods that EPA previously determined to be
acceptable versions, because the changes in Standard Methods are mostly
editorial (e.g., clarifications, increased flexibility) and not
procedural changes.
In making this change in today's rule, EPA also considered that
beginning with the publication of the 20th edition of Standard Methods,
the Standard Methods Committee included the quality control (QC)
procedures which are similar to the QC procedures that have been
included by EPA in methods published in Part 136 over the last two
decades for use in compliance monitoring programs under the Clean Water
Act and the Safe Drinking Water Act. These procedures are specified in
Part 1000 of the Standard Methods compendium and include the
``essential'' quality control checks that EPA has added at 40 CFR 136.7
as part of this final rule.
B. Preservation and Holding Time Requirements for EPA Method 624
In response to the proposed use of EPA Method 624 as a definitive
measurement method for acrolein and acrylonitrile, EPA received
comments on the preservation and holding time requirements for these
two pollutants. Commenters noted that the preservation and holding time
requirements in Part 136 Table II for these two analytes currently
differ from the requirements for other Method 624 analytes.
Historically, these two analytes have had different preservation and
requirements than the analytes currently listed in EPA Method 624. The
current requirements in Table II date to 1984 and specify that samples
for acrolein and acrylonitrile must be preserved at a pH in the range
of 4 to 5. This pH range is based on concerns about degradation of
these two analytes in strongly acidic samples (e.g., pH < 2). Footnote
10 to Table II currently states that pH adjustment is not required if
acrolein will not be measured, but that samples for acrolein receiving
no pH adjustment at all must be analyzed within 3 days of sampling. In
contrast, samples to be analyzed by EPA Method 624 for purgeable
halocarbons are not preserved by adjusting the pH, and samples to be
analyzed for the purgeable aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, ethylbenzene
and toluene) are preserved at a pH of 2. Thus, in the case where a
permittee wants to use EPA Method 624 to measure acrolein or
acrylonitrile in addition to other analytes included in Method 624, the
sampler has to take an additional sample, preserve the sample for
acrolein and acrylonitrile to pH 4 to 5, and then perform separate
analyses. Commenters stated that EPA does not have a basis for
requiring a different preservation and holding times for these two
analytes and submitted data that support their assertion that sample
preservation be allowed at either a pH of 7 or a pH of 2. EPA has
reviewed the data, but the Agency has concluded that these data are not
sufficient or compelling to change the current preservation and holding
time requirements for these analytes because the data are anecdotal
rather than the result of a well-planned and properly documented
stability study. As a result, EPA's final rule retains the current
sample preservation and holding time requirements for acrolein and
acrylonitrile.
C. Quality Assurance and Quality Control Requirements
EPA proposed to specify minimal essential quality control
requirements at Part 136.7 for use in conducting analyses to comply
with CWA monitoring requirements. The purpose of this requirement is to
ensure that laboratories conducting CWA compliance monitoring use
suitable QA/QC procedures. These QA/QC procedures were included in a
memorandum to EPA's Regional Quality Assurance Managers (May 7, 2009
memorandum from Richard Reding) and have been posted on EPA's Web page
since 2009. These requirements do not apply in the case of the use of
Part 136 approved methods that contain (or reference) their own QA/QC
procedures, or to any non-compliance analyses. Most analytical methods
currently listed in Part 136 contain QA/QC procedures, and permittees/
laboratories using those methods are not affected by the new
requirement. However, there are a few older methods approved for use in
Part 136 from the 1970s that contain no QA/QC requirements. Examples of
Part 136 methods that lack QA/QC are Method 283.2 for titanium and
Method 289.2 for zinc, both furnace atomic absorption methods issued in
1978. As explained previously, an additional issue identified in the
May 7, 2009 memorandum is that approved methods from consensus
organizations such as Standard Methods contain the QA/QC requirements
in a different section of their methods compendium (e.g., Standard
Methods consolidates general QA/QC requirements for all methods in Part
1000 of their methods compendium). Thus, EPA wants to clarify that it
expects permittees/laboratories using Part 136 approved methods
developed by consensus organizations for reporting compliance under the
CWA to also comply with the QA/QC requirements listed in the
appropriate sections in that consensus organization's compendium.
In addition to following QA/QC requirements from consensus
organizations for Part 136 methods without QA/QC procedures, the
analyst has the option to follow the QA/QC published in another EPA-
approved method for that parameter that contains such QA/QC.
As discussed in Section II.I of this preamble, EPA is reiterating
the requirement to include QA/QC in any chemical method used for CWA
compliance purposes. For those few Part 136 methods that lack QA/QC
requirements, EPA is adding quality control requirements at Sec.
136.7. EPA received numerous comments on this aspect of the proposed
rule. Although some commenters expressed support for EPA's intent to
ensure the quality of data by adding the new QC language, many
commenters noted problems with the specific language, including that
many of the QC elements do not apply to common parameters (e.g., MDLs
cannot be calculated for pH or BOD, and surrogates and internal
standards have no counterparts in microbiological methods). Other
commenters expressed concern that the new language was either
duplicative or contradicted language in existing EPA-approved methods,
or presented conflicts with various state or national accreditation
programs. Other commenters objected to the perceived costs associated
with this new requirement and suggested that the QC checks simply will
not occur, regardless of the new Part 136.7 requirement. A few
commenters suggested improvements to the proposed language, should EPA
decide to proceed with this new section. One commenter stated that the
section was
[[Page 29769]]
not needed, since EPA should not be approving methods at 40 CFR part
136 that do not already contain appropriate QA/QC. EPA addresses these
issues below.
With respect to the issue of applicability of the QC elements, EPA
agrees with commenters who stated that some QC elements listed in Sec.
136.7 may not apply to common parameters (e.g., matrix spike and matrix
spike duplicates do not apply to pH measurements). For any of the Part
136 methods that include (or reference) appropriate QC elements for
these parameters, these new QA/QC requirements are not applicable. As a
result, in today's final rule, EPA has added introductory language in
Sec. 136.7 to clarify how laboratories should comply with this new
requirement when one or more of the twelve essential quality control
elements is not applicable to a method. This new introductory language
states that in cases where one or more of the twelve QC elements do not
apply to a given method, the laboratory may provide a written rationale
for not including those elements in their standard operating procedures
(SOP) for that analysis. This may be something as simple as stating
that the given QC element does not apply to that analysis or is not
possible to perform (as the example above for pH measurements). In
addition, the final rule states that the twelve QC elements, as
applicable, must be included in a laboratory's SOP for conducting an
analysis with an approved method only when there are no QA/QC
procedures in the Part 136 method. Again, as discussed above, this QA/
QC requirement at Part 136 does not apply to approved methods
containing (or referencing) QA/QC procedures.
In response to the comment that the language is either duplicative
or contradicted in existing approved methods or accreditation programs,
EPA has added this new section to the regulations at Part 136.7 to
address concerns that certain approved methods do not contain QA/QC
procedures. In those cases where an approved method incorporates these
QC procedures (as applicable to that method), the laboratory can follow
the method as written without creating any duplication or conflict. As
mentioned in Section IV.A of this preamble, Standard Methods
incorporated new QC requirements starting with the 20th edition of
Standard Methods similar to the QC requirements included in EPA methods
for the last two decades. Thus, most Standard Methods that are also
approved methods in Part 136 already contain QA/QC requirements, as
applicable. Similarly, EPA does not anticipate conflicts with
laboratory accreditation programs because these programs generally
follow the QC requirements in the method or as otherwise specified in
regulatory programs. The purpose of this new section is to ensure that
analyses conducted for compliance monitoring with CWA regulatory
programs contain appropriate QA/QC and the Agency's view is that this
is already occurring in most laboratories (with a few exceptions as
discussed above). This new requirement is added to clarify that
laboratories must implement proper QA/QC, as needed, for all CWA
compliance related analyses to provide quality data that will withstand
regulatory and legal challenges.
In response to the comment that this new requirement will be
costly, proper QA/QC is essential for obtaining results of known and
acceptable quality. In the long run, it could be much more costly to
use data which lacks proper QC in demonstrating or enforcing discharge
requirements. In the short run, laboratories would only incur costs
associated with this new requirement when the method lacks QA/QC and
when they have not included QA/QC as part of their SOPs. EPA estimates
that this would not have a significant impact on laboratories because
the vast majority of Part 136 methods already include or reference QA/
QC requirements. Further, most laboratories already implement the QC
checks prescribed by the newer methods and are already documenting
these QC checks in the laboratory SOPs. Some of the QC checks are a
one-time or infrequent expense (e.g., demonstration of capability and
determination of a method detection limit), while other checks are
routine (e.g., running a method blank). Typically, laboratories include
QC as part of the overall analysis costs, and these costs generally add
10-20% to the analysis cost initially for an analyst demonstration of
capability, and less (5-10%) after the initial cost for routine QC
(e.g., running a blank with every batch of samples). For a typical
analysis of a metal using furnace atomic absorption, at a cost of $35-
50 per sample, the QC costs would be typically 5-10% of the total
costs, and are generally included in the laboratory pricing schedule.
Thus, EPA expects that any costs associated with this aspect of today's
rule will be minimal and limited to a few older methods that some
laboratories may still elect to use rather than the many other methods
that contain QA/QC requirements. EPA considers these QC checks to be an
essential part of an overall approach to producing data of known
quality and defensibility when a particular method is used to measure
pollutants for compliance monitoring purposes. Ignoring these QC
checks, as a commenter suggested, is inconsistent with EPA's NPDES
permit requirements. Thus, 40 CFR 122.41(e) of EPA's NPDES permitting
regulations provides that the permittee ``shall at all times properly
operate and maintain all facilities and systems of treatment and
control * * * Proper operation and maintenance also includes adequate
laboratory controls and appropriate quality assurance procedures * *
*.'' In most cases, these procedures are already a part of the quality
control practices of most laboratories and will not create an
additional burden. However, in codifying QC requirements, EPA provides
clarification that these procedures are mandatory, as applicable, and
not merely optional.
V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and Executive
Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review
This rule is not a ``significant regulatory action'' under the
terms of Executive Order (EO) 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993) and
is therefore not subject to review under EO 12866 and EO 13563.
B. Paperwork Reduction Act
This action does not impose an information collection burden under
the provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.
Burden is defined at 5 CFR 1320.3(b). This rule does not impose any
information collection, reporting, or recordkeeping requirements. This
rule merely adds new and revised versions of testing procedures, and
sample preservation requirements.
C. Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) generally requires an agency
to prepare a regulatory flexibility analysis of any rule subject to
notice and comment rulemaking requirements under the Administrative
Procedure Act or any other statute unless the agency certifies that the
rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial
number of small entities. Small entities include small businesses,
small organizations, and small governmental jurisdictions.
For purposes of assessing the impacts of this rule on small
entities for methods under the Clean Water Act, small entity
[[Page 29770]]
is defined as: (1) A small business that meets RFA default definitions
(based on SBA size standards) found in 13 CFR 121.201; (2) a small
governmental jurisdiction that is a government of a city, county, town,
school district or special district with a population less than 50,000;
and (3) a small organization that is any not-for-profit enterprise
which is independently owned and operated and is not dominant in its
field.
After considering the economic impacts of today's final rule on
small entities, I certify that this action will not have a significant
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. This action
approves new and revised versions of testing procedures. Generally,
these changes will have a positive impact on small entities by
increasing method flexibility, thereby allowing entities to reduce
costs by choosing more cost-effective methods. Although EPA expects
that in some cases the analytical costs could increase slightly due to
additional QC requirements for a few old EPA-approved methods that lack
QA/QC, EPA has determined that most laboratories that analyze samples
for EPA compliance monitoring have already instituted QC requirements
as part of their laboratory practices and this rule will not have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
This action contains no Federal mandates under the provisions of
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA), 2 U.S.C.
1531-1538 for State, local, or tribal governments, or the private
sector.
EPA has determined that this final rule contains no regulatory
requirements that might significantly or uniquely affect small
governments. Generally, this action will have a positive impact by
increasing method flexibility, thereby allowing method users to reduce
costs by choosing more cost effective methods. In some cases,
analytical costs may increase slightly due to changes in methods, but
these increases are neither significant, nor unique to small
governments. This rule merely approves new and revised versions of
testing procedures, and new sample collection, preservation, and
holding time requirements.
Thus, today's rule is not subject to the requirements of Section
203 of UMRA.
E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
This final rule does not have federalism implications. It will not
have substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship
between the national government and the States, or on the distribution
of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government,
as specified in Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, Aug. 10, 1999).
This rule merely approves new and revised versions of testing
procedures, and new sample collection, preservation, and holding time
requirements. The costs to State and local governments will be minimal.
In fact, governments may see a cost savings because the rule adds
flexibility for laboratories and permittees to choose between
additional approved test methods and it also provides additional
flexibility to modify existing test methods. Thus, laboratories and
permittees will not make as many requests for approval of alternative
test methods or method modifications, and the rule does not preempt
State law. Thus, Executive Order 13132 does not apply to this rule.
In the spirit of Executive Order 13132, and consistent with EPA
policy to promote communications between EPA and State and local
governments, EPA specifically solicited comment on the proposed rule
from State and local officials.
F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian
Tribal Governments
This final rule does not have tribal implications, as specified in
Executive Order 13175, (65 FR 67249, Nov. 9, 2000). It will not have
substantial direct effects on Tribal governments, on the relationship
between the federal government and Indian tribes, or on the
distribution of power and responsibilities between the federal
government and Indian tribes. This rule merely approves new and revised
versions of testing procedures, and new sample collection,
preservation, and holding time requirements. The costs to tribal
governments will be minimal. In fact, tribal governments may see a cost
savings because the rule adds flexibility for laboratories and
permittees to choose between additional approved test methods and it
also provides additional flexibility to modify existing test methods.
Thus, laboratories and permittees will not make as many requests for
approval of alternative test methods or method modifications. Thus,
Executive Order 13175 does not apply to this rule.
In the spirit of Executive Order 13175, and consistent with EPA
policy to promote communications between EPA and Indian tribes, EPA
specifically solicited comment on the proposed rule from tribal
officials. EPA did not receive any comments from Indian tribes.
G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental
Health Risks and Safety Risks
EPA interprets EO 13045 (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997) as applying
only to those regulatory actions that concern health or safety risks,
such that the analysis required under section 5-501 of the EO has the
potential to influence the regulation. This action is not subject to EO
13045 because it does not establish an environmental standard intended
to mitigate health or safety risks. This rule approves new and revised
versions of testing procedures, and new sample collection,
preservation, and holding time requirements.
H. Executive Order 13211: Actions That Significantly Affect Energy
Supply, Distribution, or Use
This action is not subject to Executive Order 13211, ``Actions
Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply,
Distribution, or Use'' (66 FR 28355 (May 22, 2001)) because it is not a
significant regulatory action under Executive Order 12866.
I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995
Section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement
Act of 1995, (NTTAA), Public Law 104-113, section 12(d) (15 U.S.C. 272
note), directs EPA to use voluntary consensus standards in its
regulatory activities unless to do so would be inconsistent with
applicable law or otherwise impractical. Voluntary consensus standards
are technical standards (e.g., material specifications, test methods,
sampling procedures, and business practices) that are developed or
adopted by voluntary consensus standard bodies. The NTTAA directs EPA
to provide Congress, through the OMB, explanations when the Agency
decides not to use available and applicable voluntary consensus
standards.
This final rule approves the use of technical standards developed
by the Standard Methods Committee, and ASTM International for use in
compliance monitoring where the Agency has determined that those
standards meet the needs of Clean Water Act programs. EPA is not adding
two of the proposed ASTM methods to this final rule because these
methods have not undergone full inter-laboratory validation as
recommended in current Agency guidance (see Section III.C of this
preamble). All other proposed voluntary consensus standards are
approved in today's rule.
[[Page 29771]]
J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental
Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations
Executive Order (EO) 12898 (59 FR 7629 (Feb. 16, 1994)) establishes
federal executive policy on environmental justice. Its main provision
directs federal agencies, to the greatest extent practicable and
permitted by law, to make environmental justice part of their mission
by identifying and addressing, as appropriate, disproportionately high
and adverse human health or environmental effects of their programs,
policies, and activities on minority populations and low-income
populations in the United States.
This final rule provides additional compliance methods for use by
any facility or laboratory with no disproportionate impact on minority
or low-income populations because it merely approves new and revised
versions of testing procedures to measure pollutants in water.
K. Congressional Review Act
The Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801 et seq., as added by the
Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, generally
provides that before a rule may take effect, the agency promulgating
the rule must submit a rule report, which includes a copy of the rule,
to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of the
United States. EPA will submit a report containing this rule and other
required information to the U.S. Senate, the U.S. House of
Representatives, and the Comptroller General of the United States prior
to publication of the rule in the Federal Register. This action is not
a ``major rule'' as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2). This rule will be
effective June 18, 2012.
List of Subjects
40 CFR Part 136
Environmental protection, Test procedures, Incorporation by
reference, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Water pollution
control.
40 CFR Part 260
Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure,
Confidential business information, Hazardous waste, Incorporation by
reference, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
40 CFR Part 423
Environmental protection, Steam Electric Power Generating Point
Source Category, Incorporation by reference, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements, Water pollution control.
40 CFR Part 430
Environmental protection, Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Point Source
Category, Incorporation by reference, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements, Water pollution control.
40 CFR Part 435
Environmental protection, Oil and Gas Extraction Point Source
Category, Incorporation by reference, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements, Water pollution control.
Dated: April 17, 2012.
Lisa P. Jackson,
Administrator.
For the reasons set out in the preamble, title 40, chapter I of the
Code of Federal Regulations, is amended as follows:
PART 136--GUIDELINES ESTABLISHING TEST PROCEDURES FOR THE ANALYSIS
OF POLLUTANTS
0
1. The authority citation for Part 136 continues to read as follows:
Authority: Secs. 301, 304(h), 307, and 501(a) Pub. L. 95-217,
91 Stat. 1566, et seq. (33 U.S.C. 1251, et seq.) (The Federal Water
Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 as amended by the Clean
Water Act of 1977.)
0
2. Section 136.1 is amended by revising paragraph (a) to read as
follows:
Sec. 136.1 Applicability.
(a) The procedures prescribed herein shall, except as noted in
Sec. Sec. 136.4, 136.5, and 136.6, be used to perform the measurements
indicated whenever the waste constituent specified is required to be
measured for:
(1) An application submitted to the Administrator, or to a State
having an approved NPDES program for a permit under section 402 of the
Clean Water Act of 1977, as amended (CWA), and/or to reports required
to be submitted under NPDES permits or other requests for quantitative
or qualitative effluent data under parts 122 to 125 of title 40; and
(2) Reports required to be submitted by dischargers under the NPDES
established by parts 124 and 125 of this chapter; and
(3) Certifications issued by States pursuant to section 401 of the
CWA, as amended.
* * * * *
0
3. Section 136.3 is amended:
0
a. By revising paragraph (a) introductory text and Tables IA, IB, IC,
ID, IG, and IH;
0
b. By revising paragraph (b);
0
c. By revising paragraph (e) introductory text;
0
d. By revising Table II to paragraph (e).
These revisions and additions read as follows:
Sec. 136.3 Identification of test procedures.
(a) Parameters or pollutants, for which methods are approved, are
listed together with test procedure descriptions and references in
Tables IA, IB, IC, ID, IE, IF, IG, and IH. The methods listed in Tables
IA, IB, IC, ID, IE, IF, IG, and IH are incorporated by reference, see
paragraph (b) of this section, with the exception of EPA Methods 200.7,
601-613, 624, 625, 1613, 1624, and 1625. The full texts of Methods 601-
613, 624, 625, 1613, 1624, and 1625 are printed in appendix A of this
part 136, and the full text of Method 200.7 is printed in appendix C of
this part 136. The full text for determining the method detection limit
when using the test procedures is given in appendix B of this part 136.
The full text of Method 200.7 is printed in appendix C of this part
136. In the event of a conflict between the reporting requirements of
40 CFR Parts 122 and 125 and any reporting requirements associated with
the methods listed in these tables, the provisions of 40 CFR Parts 122
and 125 are controlling and will determine a permittee's reporting
requirements. The full text of the referenced test procedures are
incorporated by reference into Tables IA, IB, IC, ID, IE, IF, IG, and
IH. The discharge parameter values for which reports are required must
be determined by one of the standard analytical test procedures
incorporated by reference and described in Tables IA, IB, IC, ID, IE,
IF, IG, and IH or by any alternate test procedure which has been
approved by the Administrator under the provisions of paragraph (d) of
this section and Sec. Sec. 136.4 and 136.5. Under certain
circumstances paragraph (c) of this section, Sec. 136.5(a) through (d)
or 40 CFR 401.13, other additional or alternate test procedures may be
used.
[[Page 29772]]
Table IA--List of Approved Biological Methods for Wastewater and Sewage Sludge
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Parameter and units Method \1\ EPA Standard methods AOAC, ASTM, USGS Other
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bacteria:
1. Coliform (fecal), number Most Probable Number p. 132 \3\........... 9221 C E-2006. ....................
per 100 mL or number per gram (MPN), 5 tube, 3 1680 11,15...........
dry weight. dilution, or 1681 11,20...........
Membrane filter (MF) p. 124 \3\........... 9222 D-1997.......... B-0050-85 \4\. ....................
\2\, single step
2. Coliform (fecal) in MPN, 5 tube, 3 p. 132 \3\........... 9221 C E-2006. ....................
presence of chlorine, number dilution, or
per 100 mL.
MF \2\, single step p. 124 \3\........... 9222 D-1997. ....................
\5\.
3. Coliform (total), number MPN, 5 tube, 3 p. 114 \3\........... 9221 B-2006. ....................
per 100 mL. dilution, or.
MF \2\, single step p. 108 \3\........... 9222 B-1997.......... B-0025-85 \4\ ....................
or two step.
4. Coliform (total), in MPN, 5 tube, 3 p. 114 \3\........... 9221 B-2006 ....................
presence of chlorine, number dilution, or
per 100 mL.
MF \2\ with p. 111 \3\........... 9222 (B + B.5c)-1997. ....................
enrichment \5\.
5. E. coli, number per 100 mL \21\ MPN \6,8,16\ multiple ..................... 9221B.1-2006/9221F- ....................
tube, or. 2006 12,14.
multiple tube/ ..................... 9223 B-200 4\13\..... 991.15 \10\.............. Colilert[supreg]13,1
multiple well, or 8
Colilert-
18[supreg]13,17,18
MF 2,6,7,8 single 1603 \22\............ ..................... ......................... mColiBlue-
step. 24[supreg]19
6. Fecal streptococci, number MPN, 5 tube 3 p. 139 \3\........... 9230 B-2007. ....................
per 100 mL. dilution, or
MF \2\, or........... p. 136 \3\........... 9230 C-2007.......... B-0055-85 \4\ ....................
Plate count.......... p. 143 \3\. ....................
7. Enterococci, number per 100 MPN 6,8, multiple ..................... ..................... D6503-99 \9\............. Enterolert[supreg]13
mL \22\. tube/multiple well, ,24
or
MF 2,6,7,8 single 1600 \25\............ 9230 C-2007 ....................
step or.
Plate count.......... p. 143 \3\. ....................
8. Salmonella, number per gram MPN multiple tube 1682 \23\. ....................
dry weight \11\.
Aquatic Toxicity:
9. Toxicity, acute, fresh Ceriodaphnia dubia 2002.0.\26\ ....................
water organisms, LC50, acute.
percent effluent.
Daphnia puplex and 2021.0.\26\ ....................
Daphnia magna acute.
Fathead Minnow, 2000.0.\26\ ....................
Pimephales promelas,
and Bannerfin
shiner, Cyprinella
leedsi, acute.
Rainbow Trout, 2019.0.\26\ ....................
Oncorhynchus mykiss,
and brook trout,
Salvelinus
fontinalis, acute.
10. Toxicity, acute, estuarine Mysid, Mysidopsis 2007.0.\26\ ....................
and marine organisms of the bahia, acute.
Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of
Mexico, LC50, percent
effluent.
[[Page 29773]]
Sheepshead Minnow, 2004.0 \26\ ....................
Cyprinodon
variegatus, acute.
Silverside, Menidia 2006.0 \26\ ....................
beryllina, Menidia
menidia, and Menidia
peninsulae, acute.
11. Toxicity, chronic, fresh Fathead minnow, 1000.0.\27\
water organisms, NOEC or Pimephales promelas,
IC25, percent effluent. larval survival and
growth.
Fathead minnow, 1001.0.\27\
Pimephales promelas,
embryo-larval
survival and
teratogenicity.
Daphnia, Ceriodaphnia 1002.0.\27\
dubia, survival and
reproduction.
Green alga, 1003.0.\27\
Selenastrum
capricornutum,
growth.
12. Toxicity, chronic, Sheepshead minnow, 1004.0.\28\
estuarine and marine Cyprinodon
organisms of the Atlantic variegatus, larval
Ocean and Gulf of Mexico, survival and growth.
NOEC or IC25, percent
effluent.
Sheepshead minnow, 1005.0.\28\
Cyprinodon
variegatus, embryo-
larval survival and
teratogenicity.
Inland silverside, 1006.0.\28\
Menidia beryllina,
larval survival and
growth.
Mysid, Mysidopsis 1007.0.\28\
bahia, survival,
growth, and
fecundity.
Sea urchin, Arbacia 1008.0.\28\
punctulata,
fertilization.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table IA notes:
\1\ The method must be specified when results are reported.
\2\ A 0.45-[mu]m membrane filter (MF) or other pore size certified by the manufacturer to fully retain organisms to be cultivated and to be free of
extractables which could interfere with their growth.
\3\ Microbiological Methods for Monitoring the Environment, Water, and Wastes, EPA/600/8-78/017. 1978. US EPA.
\4\ U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resource Investigations, Book 5, Laboratory Analysis, Chapter A4, Methods for Collection and Analysis of
Aquatic Biological and Microbiological Samples. 1989. USGS.
\5\ Because the MF technique usually yields low and variable recovery from chlorinated wastewaters, the Most Probable Number method will be required to
resolve any controversies.
\6\ Tests must be conducted to provide organism enumeration (density). Select the appropriate configuration of tubes/filtrations and dilutions/volumes
to account for the quality, character, consistency, and anticipated organism density of the water sample.
\7\ When the MF method has been used previously to test waters with high turbidity, large numbers of noncoliform bacteria, or samples that may contain
organisms stressed by chlorine, a parallel test should be conducted with a multiple-tube technique to demonstrate applicability and comparability of
results.
\8\ To assess the comparability of results obtained with individual methods, it is suggested that side-by-side tests be conducted across seasons of the
year with the water samples routinely tested in accordance with the most current Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater or EPA
alternate test procedure (ATP) guidelines.
\9\ Annual Book of ASTM Standards-Water and Environmental Technology, Section 11.02. 2000, 1999, 1996. ASTM International.
\10\ Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 16th Edition, 4th Revision, 1998. AOAC International.
\11\ Recommended for enumeration of target organism in sewage sludge.
\12\ The multiple-tube fermentation test is used in 9221B.1-2006. Lactose broth may be used in lieu of lauryl tryptose broth (LTB), if at least 25
parallel tests are conducted between this broth and LTB using the water samples normally tested, and this comparison demonstrates that the false-
positive rate and false-negative rate for total coliform using lactose broth is less than 10 percent. No requirement exists to run the completed phase
on 10 percent of all total coliform-positive tubes on a seasonal basis.
[[Page 29774]]
\13\ These tests are collectively known as defined enzyme substrate tests, where, for example, a substrate is used to detect the enzyme [beta]-
glucuronidase produced by E. coli.
\14\ After prior enrichment in a presumptive medium for total coliform using 9221B.1-2006, all presumptive tubes or bottles showing any amount of gas,
growth or acidity within 48 h 3 h of incubation shall be submitted to 9221F-2006. Commercially available EC-MUG media or EC media
supplemented in the laboratory with 50 [mu]g/mL of MUG may be used.
\15\ Method 1680: Fecal Coliforms in Sewage Sludge (Biosolids) by Multiple-Tube Fermentation Using Lauryl-Tryptose Broth (LTB) and EC Medium, EPA-821-R-
10-003. April 2010. U.S. EPA.
\16\ Samples shall be enumerated by the multiple-tube or multiple-well procedure. Using multiple-tube procedures, employ an appropriate tube and
dilution configuration of the sample as needed and report the Most Probable Number (MPN). Samples tested with Colilert[supreg] may be enumerated with
the multiple-well procedures, Quanti-Tray[supreg], Quanti-Tray[supreg]/2000, and the MPN calculated from the table provided by the manufacturer.
\17\ Colilert-18[supreg] is an optimized formulation of the Colilert[supreg] for the determination of total coliforms and E. coli that provides results
within 18 h of incubation at 35 [deg]C rather than the 24 h required for the Colilert[supreg] test and is recommended for marine water samples.
\18\ Descriptions of the Colilert[supreg], Colilert-18[supreg], Quanti-Tray[supreg], and Quanti-Tray[supreg]/2000 may be obtained from IDEXX
Laboratories, Inc.
\19\ A description of the mColiBlue24[supreg] test, is available from Hach Company.
\20\ Method 1681: Fecal Coliforms in Sewage Sludge (Biosolids) by Multiple-Tube Fermentation using A-1 Medium, EPA-821-R-06-013. July 2006. U.S. EPA.
\21\ Recommended for enumeration of target organism in wastewater effluent.
\22\ Method 1603: Escherichia coli (E. coli ) in Water by Membrane Filtration Using Modified membrane-Thermotolerant Escherichia coli Agar (modified
mTEC), EPA-821-R-09-007. December 2009. U.S. EPA.
\23\ Method 1682: Salmonella in Sewage Sludge (Biosolids) by Modified Semisolid Rappaport-Vassiliadis (MSRV) Medium, EPA-821-R-06-014. July 2006. U.S.
EPA.
\24\ A description of the Enterolert[supreg] test may be obtained from IDEXX Laboratories Inc.
\25\ Method 1600: Enterococci in Water by Membrane Filtration Using membrane-Enterococcus Indoxyl-[beta]-D-Glucoside Agar (mEI), EPA-821-R-09-016.
December 2009. U.S. EPA.
\26\ Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater and Marine Organisms. EPA-821-R-02-012. Fifth Edition,
October 2002. U.S. EPA.
\27\ Short-term Methods for Estimating the Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater Organisms. EPA-821-R-02-013. Fourth Edition,
October 2002. U.S. EPA.
\28\ Short-term Methods for Estimating the Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Marine and Estuarine Organisms. EPA-821-R-02-014. Third
Edition, October 2002. U.S. EPA.
Table IB--List of Approved Inorganic Test Procedures
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Parameter Methodology \58\ EPA \52\ Standard methods ASTM USGS/AOAC/Other
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Acidity, as CaCO3, mg/L......... Electrometric endpoint ...................... 2310 B-1997.......... D1067-06............. I-1020-85.\2\
or phenolphthalein
endpoint.
2. Alkalinity, as CaCO3, mg/L...... Electrometric or ...................... 2320 B-1997.......... D1067-06............. 973.43 \3\, I-1030-
Colorimetric 85.\2\
titration to pH 4.5,
Manual.
Automatic............. 310.2 (Rev. 1974)\1\.. ..................... ..................... I-2030-85.\2\
3. Aluminum--Total,\4\ mg/L........ Digestion,\4\ followed
by any of the
following:
AA direct aspiration ...................... 3111 D-1999 or 3111 E- ..................... I-3051-85.\2\
\36\ 1999.
AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2004..........
STGFAA............. 200.9, Rev. 2.2 (1994)
ICP/AES \36\....... 200.5, Rev 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-1999.......... D1976-07............. I-4471-97.\50\
\68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4
(1994).
ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2009.......... D5673-05............. 993.14,\3\ I-4471-
97.\50\
Direct Current ...................... ..................... D4190-08............. See footnote.\34\
Plasma (DCP) \36\.
Colorimetric ...................... 3500-Al B-2001.......
(Eriochrome
cyanine R).
4. Ammonia (as N), mg/L............ Manual distillation 350.1, Rev. 2.0 (1993) 4500-NH3 B-1997...... ..................... 973.49\3\.
\6\ or gas diffusion
(pH > 11), followed
by any of the
following:
Nesslerization..... ...................... ..................... D1426-08 (A)......... 973.49\3\, I-3520-
85.\2\
Titration.......... ...................... 4500-NH3 C-1997......
Electrode.......... ...................... 4500-NH3 D-1997 or E- D1426-08 (B).........
1997.
Manual phenate, ...................... 4500-NH3 F-1997...... ..................... See footnote.\60\
salicylate, or
other substituted
phenols in
Berthelot reaction
based methods.
Automated phenate, 350.1\30\, Rev. 2.0 4500-NH3 G-1997 ..................... I-4523-85.\2\
salicylate, or (1993). 4500-NH3 H-1997......
other substituted
phenols in
Berthelot reaction
based methods.
[[Page 29775]]
Automated electrode Ion Chromatography.... ..................... D6919-09............. See footnote.\7\
5. Antimony--Total,\4\ mg/L........ Digestion,\4\ followed
by any of the
following:
AA direct ...................... 3111 B-1999..........
aspiration \36\.
AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2004..........
STGFAA............. 200.9, Rev. 2.2 (1994)
ICP/AES \36\....... 200.5, Rev 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-1999.......... D1976-07............. I-4471-97.\50\
\68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4
(1994).
ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2009.......... D5673-05............. 993.14,\3\ I-4471-
97.\50\
6. Arsenic-Total,\4\ mg/L.......... Digestion,\4\ followed 206.5 (Issued 1978)
by any of the \1\.
following:
AA gaseous hydride. ...................... 3114 B-2009 or....... D2972-08 (B)......... I-3062-85.\2\
3114 C-2009..........
AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2004.......... D2972-08 (C)......... I-4063-98.\49\
STGFAA............. 200.9, Rev. 2.2 (1994)
ICP/AES \36\....... 200.5, Rev 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-1999.......... D1976-07.............
\68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4
(1994).
ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2009.......... D5673-05............. 993.14,\3\ I-4020-
05.\70\
Colorimetric (SDDC) ...................... 3500-As B-1997....... D2972-08 (A)......... I-3060-85.\2\
7. Barium-Total,\4\ mg/L........... Digestion\4\, followed
by any of the
following:
AA direct ...................... 3111 D-1999.......... ..................... I-3084-85.\2\
aspiration \36\.
AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2004.......... D4382-02(07).........
ICP/AES \36\....... 200.5, Rev 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-1999.......... ..................... I-4471-97.\50\
\68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4
(1994).
ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2009.......... D5673-05............. 993.14,\3\ I-4471-
97.\50\
DCP \36\........... ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote.\34\
8. Beryllium--Total,\4\ mg/L....... Digestion,\4\ followed
by any of the
following:
AA direct ...................... 3111 D-1999 or....... D3645-08 (A)......... I-3095-85.\2\
aspiration. 3111 E-1999..........
AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2004.......... D3645-08 (B).........
STGFAA............. 200.9, Rev. 2.2 (1994)
ICP/AES............ 200.5, Rev 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-1999.......... D1976-07............. I-4471-97.\50\
\68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4
(1994).
ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2009.......... D5673-05............. 993.14,\3\ I-4471-
97.\50\
DCP................ ...................... ..................... D4190-08............. See footnote.\34\
Colorimetric ...................... See footnote \61\....
(aluminon).
9. Biochemical oxygen demand Dissolved Oxygen ...................... 5210 B-2001.......... ..................... 973.44\3\, p. 17.\9\,
(BOD5), mg/L. Depletion. I-1578-78,\8\ See
footnote.\10,63\
10. Boron--Total,\37\ mg/L......... Colorimetric ...................... 4500-B B -2000....... ..................... I-3112-85.\2\
(curcumin).
ICP/AES............ 200.5, Rev 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-1999.......... D1976-07............. I-4471-97.\50\
\68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4
(1994).
ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2009.......... D5673-05............. 993.14,\3\ I-4471-
97.\50\
DCP................ ...................... ..................... D4190-08............. See footnote.\34\
11. Bromide, mg/L.................. Electrode............. ...................... ..................... D1246-05............. I-1125-85.\2\
Ion Chromatography. 300.0, Rev 2.1 (1993) 4110 B-2000, C-2000, D4327-03............. 993.30.\3\
and 300.1-1, Rev 1.0 D-2000.
(1997).
CIE/UV............. ...................... 4140 B-1997.......... D6508-00(05)......... D6508, Rev. 2.\54\
12. Cadmium--Total,\4\ mg/L........ Digestion,\4\ followed
by any of the
following:
[[Page 29776]]
AA direct ...................... 3111 B-1999.......... D3557-02(07) (A or B) 974.27,\3\ p. 37.\9\,
aspiration \36\. or 3111 C-1999....... I-3135-85 \2\ or I-
3136-85.\2\
AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2004.......... D3557-02(07) (D)..... I-4138-89.\51\
STGFAA............. 200.9, Rev. 2.2 (1994)
ICP/AES \36\....... 200.5, Rev 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-1999.......... D1976-07............. I-1472-85 \2\ or I-
\68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4 4471-97.\50\
(1994).
ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2009.......... D5673-05............. 993.14,\3\ I-4471-
97.\50\
DCP\36\............ ...................... ..................... D4190-08............. See footnote.\34\
Voltametry\11\..... ...................... ..................... D3557-02(07) (C).....
Colorimetric ...................... 3500-Cd-D-1990.......
(Dithizone).
13. Calcium--Total,\4\ mg/L........ Digestion,\4\ followed
by any of the
following:
AA direct ...................... 3111 B-1999.......... D511-08(B)........... I-3152-85.\2\
aspiration.
ICP/AES............ 200.5, Rev 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-1999.......... ..................... I-4471-97.\50\
\68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4
(1994).
ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2009.......... D5673-05............. 993.14.\3\
DCP................ ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote.\34\
Titrimetric (EDTA). ...................... 3500-Ca B-1997....... D511-08 (A)..........
Ion Chromatography. ...................... ..................... D6919-09.............
14. Carbonaceous biochemical oxygen Dissolved Oxygen ...................... 5210 B-2001.......... ..................... See footnote.\35,63\
demand (CBOD5), mg/L\12\. Depletion with
nitrification
inhibitor.
15. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Titrimetric........... 410.3 (Rev. 1978)\1\.. 5220 B-1997.......... D1252-06 (A)......... 973.46,\3\ p. 17,\9\
mg/L. or C-1997............ I-3560-85.\2\
Spectrophotometric, 410.4, Rev. 2.0 (1993) 5220 D-1997.......... D1252-06 (B)......... See footnotes.\13,14\
manual or automatic. I-3561-85.\2\
16. Chloride, mg/L................. Titrimetric: (silver ...................... 4500-Cl- B-1997...... D512-04 (B).......... I-1183-85.\2\
nitrate).
(Mercuric nitrate).... ...................... 4500-Cl- C-1997...... D512-04 (A).......... 973.51,\3\ I-1184-
85.\2\
Colorimetric: manual.. ...................... ..................... ..................... I-1187-85.\2\
Automated ...................... 4500-Cl- E-1997...... ..................... I-2187-85.\2\
(Ferricyanide).
Potentiometric ...................... 4500-Cl- D-1997......
Titration.
Ion Selective ...................... ..................... D512-04 (C)..........
Electrode.
Ion Chromatography.... 300.0, Rev 2.1 (1993) 4110 B-2000 or....... D4327-03............. 993.30\3\ , I-2057-
and 300.1-1, Rev 1.0 4110 C-2000.......... 90.\51\
(1997).
CIE/UV................ ...................... 4140 B-1997.......... D6508-00(05)......... D6508, Rev. 2.\54\
17. Chlorine-Total residual, mg/L.. Amperometric direct... ...................... 4500-Cl D-2000....... D1253-08.............
Amperometric direct ...................... 4500-Cl E-2000.......
(low level).
Iodometric direct..... ...................... 4500-Cl B-2000.......
Back titration ether ...................... 4500-Cl C-2000.......
end-point\15\.
DPD-FAS............... ...................... 4500-Cl F-2000.......
Spectrophotometric, ...................... 4500-Cl G-2000.......
DPD.
Electrode............. ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote.\16\
17A. Chlorine-Free Available, mg/L. Amperometric direct... ...................... 4500-Cl D-2000....... D1253-08.............
Amperometric direct ...................... 4500-Cl E-2000.......
(low level).
DPD-FAS............... ...................... 4500-Cl F-2000.......
Spectrophotometric, ...................... 4500-Cl G-2000.......
DPD.
18. Chromium VI dissolved, mg/L.... 0.45-micron Filtration
followed by any of
the following:
AA chelation- ...................... 3111 C-1999.......... ..................... I-1232-85.\2\
extraction.
Ion Chromatography. 218.6, Rev. 3.3 (1994) 3500-Cr C-2009....... D5257-03............. 993.23.
Colorimetric ...................... 3500-Cr B-2009....... D1687-02(07) (A)..... I-1230-85.\2\
(Diphenyl-carbazid
e).
19. Chromium--Total,\4\ mg/L....... Digestion,\4\ followed
by any of the
following:
[[Page 29777]]
AA direct ...................... 3111 B-1999.......... D1687-02(07) (B)..... 974.27,\3\ I-3236-
aspiration \36\. 85.\2\
AA chelation- ...................... 3111 C-1999..........
extraction.
AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2004.......... D1687-02(07) (C)..... I-3233-93.\46\
STGFAA............. 200.9, Rev. 2.2 (1994)
ICP/AES \36\....... 200.5, Rev 4.2 3120 B-1999.......... D1976-07............. I-4471-97.\50\
(2003),\68\ 200.7,
Rev. 4.4 (1994).
ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2009.......... D5673-05............. 993.14,\3\ I-4020-
05.\70\
DCP \36\........... ...................... ..................... D4190-08............. See footnote.\34\
Colorimetric ...................... 3500-Cr B-2009.......
(Diphenyl-carbazid
e).
20. Cobalt--Total,\4\ mg/L......... Digestion,\4\ followed
by any of the
following:
AA direct ...................... 3111 B-1999 or 3111 C- D3558-08 (A or B).... p. 37,\9\ I-3239-
aspiration. 1999. 85.\2\
AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2004.......... D3558-08 (C)......... I-4243-89.\51\
STGFAA............. 200.9, Rev. 2.2 (1994)
ICP/AES \36\....... 200.5, Rev 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-1999.......... D1976-07............. I-4471-97.\50\
\68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4
(1994).
ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2009.......... D5673-05............. 993.14,\3\ I-4020-
05.\70\
DCP................ ...................... ..................... D4190-08............. See footnote.\34\
21. Color, platinum cobalt units or Colorimetric (ADMI) ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote.\18\
dominant wavelength, hue,
luminance purity.
(Platinum cobalt)..... ...................... 2120 B-2001.......... ..................... I-1250-85.\2\
Spectrophotometric....
22. Copper--Total,\4\ mg/L......... Digestion,\4\ followed
by any of the
following:
AA direct ...................... 3111 B-1999 or....... D1688-07 (A or B).... 974.27,\3\ p. 37,\9\
aspiration \36\. 3111 C-1999.......... I-3270-85 \2\ or I-
3271-85.\2\
AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2004.......... D1688-07 (C)......... I-4274-89.\51\
STGFAA............. 200.9, Rev. 2.2 (1994)
ICP/AES \36\....... 200.5, Rev 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-1999.......... D1976-07............. I-4471-97.\50\
\68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4
(1994).
ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2009.......... D5673-05............. 993.14,\3\ I-4020-
05.\70\
DCP \36\........... ...................... ..................... D4190-08............. See footnote.\34\
Colorimetric ...................... 3500-Cu B-1999.......
(Neocuproine).
(Bathocuproine).... ...................... 3500-Cu C-1999....... ..................... See footnote.\19\
23. Cyanide--Total, mg/L........... Automated UV digestion/ ...................... ..................... ..................... Kelada-01.\55\
distillation and
Colorimetry.
Segmented Flow ...................... ..................... D7511-09.............
Injection, In-Line
Ultraviolet
Digestion, followed
by gas diffusion
amperometry.
Manual distillation 335.4, Rev. 1.0 (1993) 4500-CN- B-1999 or C- D2036-09(A), D7284-08 10-204-00-1-X.\56\
with MgCl2, followed \57\. 1999.
by any of the
following:
Flow Injection, gas ...................... ..................... D2036-09(A) D7284-08.
diffusion
amperometry.
Titrimetric........ ...................... 4500-CN- D-1999...... D2036-09(A).......... p. 22.\9\
Spectrophotometric, ...................... 4500-CN- E-1999...... D2036-09(A).......... I-3300-85.\2\
manual.
Semi-Automated \20\ 335.4, Rev. 1.0 (1993) ..................... ..................... 10-204-00-1-X,\56\ I-
\57\. 4302-85.\2\
Ion Chromatography. ...................... ..................... D2036-09(A)..........
[[Page 29778]]
Ion Selective ...................... 4500-CN- F-1999...... D2036-09(A)..........
Electrode.
24. Cyanide-Available, mg/L........ Cyanide Amenable to ...................... 4500-CN- G-1999...... D2036-09(B)..........
Chlorination (CATC);
Manual distillation
with MgCl2, followed
by Titrimetric or
Spectrophotometric.
Flow injection and ...................... ..................... D6888-09............. OIA-1677-09.\44\
ligand exchange,
followed by gas
diffusion amperometry
\59\.
Automated Distillation ...................... ..................... ..................... Kelada-01.\55\
and Colorimetry (no
UV digestion).
24.A Cyanide-Free, mg/L............ Flow Injection, ...................... ..................... D7237-10............. OIA-1677-09.\44\
followed by gas
diffusion amperometry.
Manual micro-diffusion ...................... ..................... D4282-02.............
and colorimetry.
25. Fluoride--Total, mg/L.......... Manual ...................... 4500-F- B-1997.......
distillation,\6\
followed by any of
the following:
Electrode, manual.. ...................... 4500-F- C-1997....... D1179-04 (B).........
Electrode, ...................... ..................... ..................... I-4327-85.\2\
automated.
Colorimetric, ...................... 4500-F- D-1997....... D1179-04 (A).........
(SPADNS).
Automated ...................... 4500-F- E-1997.......
complexone.
Ion Chromatography. 300.0, Rev 2.1 (1993) 4110 B-2000 or C-2000 D4327-03............. 993.30.\3\
and 300.1-1, Rev 1.0
(1997).
CIE/UV............. ...................... 4140 B-1997.......... D6508-00(05)......... D6508, Rev. 2.\54\
26. Gold--Total,\4\ mg/L........... Digestion,\4\ followed
by any of the
following:
AA direct ...................... 3111 B-1999..........
aspiration.
AA furnace......... 231.2 (Issued 1978)\1\ 3113 B-2004..........
ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2009.......... D5673-05............. 993.14.\3\
DCP................ ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote.\34\
27. Hardness--Total, as CaCO3, mg/L Automated colorimetric 130.1 (Issued 1971)\1\
Titrimetric (EDTA).... ...................... 2340 C-1997.......... D1126-02(07)......... 973.52B,\3\ I-1338-
85.\2\
Ca plus Mg as their ...................... 2340 B-1997..........
carbonates, by
inductively coupled
plasma or AA direct
aspiration. (See
Parameters 13 and
33)..
28. Hydrogen ion (pH), pH units.... Electrometric ...................... 4500-H\+\ B-2000..... D1293-99 (A or B).... 973.41,\3\ I-1586-
measurement. 85.\2\
Automated electrode... 150.2 (Dec. 1982)\1\.. ..................... ..................... See footnote,\21\ I-
2587-85.\2\
29. Iridium--Total,\4\ mg/L........ Digestion,\4\ followed
by any of the
following:
AA direct ...................... 3111 B-1999..........
aspiration.
AA furnace......... 235.2 (Issued 1978)\1\
ICP/MS............. ...................... 3125 B-2009..........
30. Iron--Total,\4\ mg/L........... Digestion,\4\ followed
by any of the
following:
AA direct ...................... 3111 B-1999 or....... D1068-05 (A or B).... 974.27,\3\ I-3381-
aspiration \36\. 3111 C-1999.......... 85.\2\
AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2004.......... D1068-05 (C).........
STGFAA............. 200.9, Rev. 2.2 (1994)
ICP/AES \36\....... 200.5, Rev 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-1999.......... D1976-07............. I-4471-97.\50\
\68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4
(1994).
ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2009.......... D5673-05............. 993.14.\3\
[[Page 29779]]
DCP \36\........... ...................... ..................... D4190-08............. See footnote.\34\
Colorimetric ...................... 3500-Fe-1997......... D1068-05 (D)......... See footnote.\22\
(Phenanthroline).
31. Kjeldahl Nitrogen \5\--Total, Manual digestion \20\ ...................... 4500-Norg B-1997 or C- D3590-02(06) (A)..... I-4515-91.\45\
(as N), mg/L. and distillation or 1997 and 4500-NH3 B-
gas diffusion, 1997.
followed by any of
the following:
Titration.......... ...................... 4500-NH3 C-1997...... ..................... 973.48.\3\
Nesslerization..... ...................... ..................... D1426-08 (A).........
Electrode.......... ...................... 4500-NH3 D-1997 or E- D1426-08 (B).........
1997.
Semi-automated 350.1 Rev 2.0 1993.... 4500-NH3 G-1997.
phenate. 4500-NH3 H-1997......
Manual phenate, ...................... 4500-NH3 F-1997...... ..................... See footnote.\60\
salicylate, or
other substituted
phenols in
Berthelot reaction
based methods.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Automated Methods for TKN that do not require manual distillation
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Automated phenate, 351.1 (Rev. 1978)\1\.. ..................... ..................... I-4551-78.\8\
salicylate, or other
substituted phenols
in Berthelot reaction
based methods
colorimetric (auto
digestion and
distillation).
Semi-automated block 351.2, Rev. 2.0 (1993) 4500-Norg D-1997..... D3590-02(06) (B)..... I-4515-91.\45\
digestor colorimetric
(distillation not
required).
Block digester, ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote.\39\
followed by Auto
distillation and
Titration.
Block digester, ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote.\40\
followed by Auto
distillation and
Nesslerization.
Block Digester, ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote.\41\
followed by Flow
injection gas
diffusion
(distillation not
required).
32. Lead--Total,\4\ mg/L........... Digestion,\4\ followed
by any of the
following:
AA direct ...................... 3111 B-1999 or....... D3559-08 (A or B).... 974.27,\3\ I-3399-
aspiration \36\. 3111 C-1999.......... 85.\2\
AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2004.......... D3559-08 (D)......... I-4403-89.\51\
STGFAA............. 200.9, Rev. 2.2 (1994)
ICP/AES \36\....... 200.5, Rev 4.2 3120 B-1999.......... D1976-07............. I-4471-97.\50\
(2003)\68\; 200.7,
Rev. 4.4 (1994).
ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2009.......... D5673-05............. 993.14,\3\ I-4471-
97.\50\
DCP \36\........... ...................... ..................... D4190-08............. See footnote.\34\
Voltametry\11\..... ...................... ..................... D3559-08 (C).........
Colorimetric ...................... 3500-Pb B-1997.......
(Dithizone).
33. Magnesium--Total,\4\ mg/L...... Digestion,\4\ followed
by any of the
following:
AA direct ...................... 3111 B-1999.......... D511-08 (B).......... 974.27,\3\ I-3447-
aspiration. 85.\2\
ICP/AES............ 200.5, Rev 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-1999.......... D1976-07............. I-4471-97.\50\
\68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4
(1994).
ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2009.......... D5673-05............. 993.14.\3\
DCP................ ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote.\34\
Gravimetric........
Ion Chromatography. ...................... ..................... D6919-09.............
34. Manganese--Total,\4\ mg/L...... Digestion \4\ followed
by any of the
following:
[[Page 29780]]
AA direct ...................... 3111 B-1999.......... D858-07 (A or B)..... 974.27,\3\ I-3454-
aspiration \36\. 85.\2\
AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2004.......... D858-07 (C)..........
STGFAA............. 200.9, Rev. 2.2 (1994)
ICP/AES \36\....... 200.5, Rev 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-1999.......... D1976-07............. I-4471-97.\50\
\68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4
(1994).
ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2009.......... D5673-05............. 993.14,\3\ I-4471-
97.\50\
DCP \36\........... ...................... ..................... D4190-08............. See footnote.\34\
Colorimetric ...................... 3500-Mn B-1999....... ..................... 920.203.\3\
(Persulfate).
(Periodate)........ ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote.\23\
35. Mercury--Total,\4\ mg/L........ Cold vapor, Manual.... 245.1, Rev. 3.0 (1994) 3112 B-2009.......... D3223-02(07)......... 977.22,\3\ I-3462-
85.\2\
Cold vapor, Automated. 245.2 (Issued 1974)\1\
Cold vapor atomic 245.7 Rev. 2.0 ..................... ..................... I-4464-01.\71\
fluorescence (2005)\17\.
spectrometry (CVAFS).
Purge and Trap CVAFS.. 1631E\43\.............
36. Molybdenum--Total,\4\ mg/L..... Digestion,\4\ followed
by any of the
following:
AA direct ...................... 3111 D-1999.......... ..................... I-3490-85.\2\
aspiration.
AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2004.......... ..................... I-3492-96.\47\
ICP/AES \36\....... 200.5, Rev 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-1999.......... D1976-07............. I-4471-97.\50\
\68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4
(1994).
ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2009.......... D5673-05............. 993.14,\3\ I-4471-
97.\50\
DCP................ ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote.\34\
37. Nickel--Total,\4\ mg/L......... Digestion \4\ followed
by any of the
following:
AA direct ...................... 3111 B-1999 or....... D1886-08 (A or B).... I-3499-85.\2\
aspiration \36\. 3111 C-1999..........
AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2004.......... D1886-08 (C)......... I-4503-89.\51\
STGFAA............. 200.9, Rev. 2.2 (1994)
ICP/AES \36\....... 200.5, Rev 4.2 (2003) 3120 B-1999.......... D1976-07............. I-4471-97.\50\
\68\; 200.7, Rev. 4.4
(1994).
ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2009.......... D5673-05............. 993.14,\3\ I-4020-
05.\70\
DCP \36\........... ...................... ..................... D4190-08............. See footnote.\34\
38. Nitrate (as N), mg/L........... Ion Chromatography.... 300.0, Rev 2.1 (1993) 4110 B-2000 or C-2000 D4327-03............. 993.30.\3\
and 300.1-1, Rev 1.0
(1997).
CIE/UV............. ...................... 4140 B-1997.......... D6508-00(05)......... D6508, Rev. 2.\54\
Ion Selective ...................... 4500-NO3- D-2000.....
Electrode.
Colorimetric 352.1 (Issued 1971)\1\ ..................... ..................... 973.50,\3\ 419D\1,7\,
(Brucine sulfate). p. 28.\9\
Nitrate-nitrite N ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote.\62\
minus Nitrite N
(See parameters 39
and 40).
39. Nitrate-nitrite (as N), mg/L... Cadmium reduction, ...................... 4500-NO3- E-2000..... D3867-04 (B).........
Manual.
Cadmium reduction, 353.2, Rev. 2.0 (1993) 4500-NO3- F-2000..... D3867-04 (A)......... I-2545-90.\51\
Automated.
Automated hydrazine ...................... 4500-NO3- H-2000.....
Reduction/ ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote.\62\
Colorimetric.
Ion Chromatography. 300.0, Rev 2.1 (1993) 4110 B-2000 or C-2000 D4327-03............. 993.30.\3\
and 300.1-1, Rev 1.0
(1997).
CIE/UV............. ...................... 4140 B-1997.......... D6508-00(05)......... D6508, Rev. 2.\54\
40. Nitrite (as N), mg/L........... Spectrophotometric: ...................... 4500-NO2- B-2000..... ..................... See footnote.\25\
Manual.
Automated ...................... ..................... ..................... I-4540-85\2\, See
(Diazotization). footnote.\62\
[[Page 29781]]
Automated (*bypass 353.2, Rev. 2.0 (1993) 4500-NO3- F-2000..... D3867-04 (A)......... I-4545-85.\2\
cadmium reduction).
Manual (*bypass ...................... 4500-NO3- E-2000..... D3867-04 (B).........
cadmium reduction).
Ion Chromatography. 300.0, Rev 2.1 (1993) 4110 B-2000 or C-2000 D4327-03............. 993.30.\3\
and 300.1-1, Rev 1.0
(1997).
CIE/UV............. ...................... 4140 B-1997.......... D6508-00(05)......... D6508, Rev. 2.\54\
41. Oil and grease--Total Hexane extractable 1664 Rev. A; 1664 Rev. 5520 B-2001\38\......
recoverable, mg/L. material (HEM): n- B\42\.
Hexane extraction and
gravimetry.
Silica gel treated 1664 Rev. A; 1664 Rev. 5520 B-2001\38\ and
HEM (SGT-HEM): B\42\. 5520 F-2001\38\.
Silica gel
treatment and
gravimetry.
42. Organic carbon--Total (TOC), mg/ Combustion............ ...................... 5310 B-2000.......... D7573-09............. 973.47\3\, p. 14.\24\
L.
Heated persulfate ...................... 5310 C 2000.......... D4839-03............. 973.47\3,\, p.
or UV persulfate 5310 D 2000.......... 14.\24\
oxidation.
43. Organic nitrogen (as N), mg/L.. Total Kjeldahl N
(Parameter 31) minus
ammonia N (Parameter
4).
44. Ortho-phosphate (as P), mg/L... Ascorbic acid method:
Automated.......... 365.1, Rev. 2.0 (1993) 4500-P F-1999 or G- ..................... 973.56\3\, I-4601-
1999. 85.\2\
Manual single ...................... 4500-P E-1999........ D515-88(A)........... 973.55.\3\
reagent.
Manual two reagent. 365.3 (Issued 1978)\1\
Ion Chromatography. 300.0, Rev 2.1 (1993) 4110 B-2000 or C-2000 D4327-03............. 993.30.\3\
and 300.1-1, Rev 1.0
(1997).
CIE/UV............. ...................... 4140 B-1997.......... D6508-00(05)......... D6508, Rev. 2.\54\
45. Osmium--Total\4\, mg/L......... Digestion\4\, followed
by any of the
following:
AA direct ...................... 3111 D-1999..........
aspiration,.
AA furnace......... 252.2 (Issued 1978)\1\
46. Oxygen, dissolved, mg/L........ Winkler (Azide ...................... 4500-O B-2001, C- D888-09 (A).......... 973.45B\3\, I-1575-
modification). 2001, D-2001, E- 78.\8\
2001, F-2001.
Electrode.......... ...................... 4500-O G-2001........ D888-09 (B).......... I-1576-78.\8\
Luminescence Based ...................... ..................... D888-09 (C).......... See footnote\63\
Sensor. See footnote.\64\
47. Palladium--Total,\4\ mg/L...... Digestion\4\, followed
by any of the
following:
AA direct ...................... 3111 B-1999..........
aspiration.
AA furnace......... 253.2\1\(Issued 1978).
ICP/MS............. ...................... 3125 B-2009..........
DCP................ ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote.\34\
48. Phenols, mg/L.................. Manual 420.1\1\(Rev. 1978)... 5530 B-2005.......... D1783-01.............
distillation\26\,
followed by any of
the following:
Colorimetric (4AAP) 420.1\1\(Rev. 1978)... 5530 D-2005\27\...... D1783-01 (A or B)....
manual.
Automated 420.4 Rev. 1.0 (1993).
colorimetric
(4AAP).
49. Phosphorus (elemental), mg/L... Gas-liquid ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote.\28\
chromatography.
50. Phosphorus--Total, mg/L........ Digestion\20\, ...................... 4500-P B(5)-1999..... ..................... 973.55.\3\
followed by any of
the following:
Manual............. 365.3\1\(Issued 1978). 4500-P E-1999........ D515-88 (A)..........
Automated ascorbic 365.1 Rev. 2.0 (1993). 4500-P F-1999, G- ..................... 973.56\3\, I-4600-
acid reduction. 1999, H-1999. 85.\2\
ICP/AES\4, 36\..... 200.7, Rev. 4.4 (1994) 3120 B-1999.......... ..................... I-4471-97.\50\
[[Page 29782]]
Semi-automated 365.4\1\ (Issued 1974) ..................... D515-88 (B).......... I-4610-91.\48\
block digestor
(TKP digestion).
51. Platinum--Total,\4\ mg/L....... Digestion\4\ followed
by any of the
following:
AA direct ...................... 3111 B-1999..........
aspiration.
AA furnace......... 255.2 (Issued 1978)\1\
ICP/MS............. ...................... 3125 B-2009..........
DCP................ ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote.\34\
52. Potassium--Total,\4\ mg/L...... Digestion\4\, followed
by any of the
following:
AA direct ...................... 3111 B-1999.......... ..................... 973.53\3\, I-3630-
aspiration. 85.\2\
ICP/AES............ 200.7, Rev. 4.4 (1994) 3120 B-1999..........
ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2009.......... D5673-05............. 993.14.\3\
Flame photometric.. ...................... 3500-K B-1997........
Electrode.......... ...................... 3500-K C-1997........
Ion Chromatography. ...................... ..................... D6919-09.............
53. Residue--Total, mg/L........... Gravimetric, 103- ...................... 2540 B-1997.......... ..................... I-3750-85.\2\
105[deg].
54. Residue--filterable, mg/L...... Gravimetric, 180[deg]. ...................... 2540 C-1997.......... D5907-03............. I-1750-85.\2\
55. Residue--non-filterable (TSS), Gravimetric, 103- ...................... 2540 D-1997.......... D5907-03............. I-3765-85.\2\
mg/L. 105[deg] post washing
of residue.
56. Residue--settleable, mg/L...... Volumetric, (Imhoff ...................... 2540 F-1997..........
cone), or gravimetric.
57. Residue--Volatile, mg/L........ Gravimetric, 550[deg]. 160.4 (Issued 1971)\1\ 2540-E-1997.......... ..................... I-3753-85.\2\
58. Rhodium--Total,\4\ mg/L........ Digestion\4\ followed
by any of the
following:
AA direct ...................... 3111 B-1999..........
aspiration, or.
AA furnace......... 265.2 (Issued 1978)\1\
ICP/MS............. ...................... 3125 B-2009..........
59. Ruthenium--Total,\4\ mg/L...... Digestion\4\ followed
by any of the
following:
AA direct ...................... 3111 B-1999..........
aspiration, or.
AA furnace......... 267.2\1\..............
ICP/MS............. ...................... 3125 B-2009..........
60. Selenium--Total,\4\ mg/L....... Digestion\4\, followed
by any of the
following:
AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2004.......... D3859-08 (B)......... I-4668-98.\49\
STGFAA............. 200.9, Rev. 2.2 (1994)
ICP/AES\36\........ 200.5, Rev 4.2 3120 B-1999.......... D1976-07.............
(2003)\68\; 200.7,
Rev. 4.4 (1994).
ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2009.......... D5673-05............. 993.14\3\, I-4020-
05.\70\
AA gaseous hydride. ...................... 3114 B-2009, or 3111 D3859-08 (A)......... I-3667-85.\2\
C-2009.
61. Silica--Dissolved,\37\ mg/L.... 0.45-micron filtration
followed by any of
the following:
Colorimetric, ...................... 4500-SiO2 C-1997..... D859-05.............. I-1700-85.\2\
Manual.
Automated ...................... 4500-SiO2 E-1997 or F- ..................... I-2700-85.\2\
(Molybdosilicate). 1997.
ICP/AES............ 200.5, Rev 4.2 3120 B-1999.......... ..................... I-4471-97.\50\
(2003)\68\; 200.7,
Rev. 4.4 (1994).
ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2009.......... D5673-05............. 993.14.\3\
62. Silver--Total,\4, 31\ mg/L..... Digestion\4, 29\,
followed by any of
the following:
AA direct ...................... 3111 B-1999 or ..................... 974.27\3\, p. 37\9\,
aspiration. 3111 C-1999.......... I-3720-85.\2\
AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2004.......... ..................... I-4724-89.\51\
STGFAA............. 200.9, Rev. 2.2 (1994)
[[Page 29783]]
ICP/AES............ 200.5, Rev 4.2 3120 B-1999.......... D1976-07............. I-4471-97.\50\
(2003)\68\; 200.7,
Rev. 4.4 (1994).
ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2009.......... D5673-05............. 993.14\3\, I-4471-
97.\50\
DCP................ ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote.\34\
63. Sodium--Total,\4\ mg/L......... Digestion\4,\,
followed by any of
the following:
AA direct ...................... 3111 B-1999.......... ..................... 973.54\3\, I-3735-
aspiration. 85.\2\
ICP/AES............ 200.5, Rev 4.2 3120 B-1999.......... ..................... I-4471-97.\50\
(2003)\68\; 200.7,
Rev. 4.4 (1994).
ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2009.......... D5673-05............. 993.14.\3\
DCP................ ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote.\34\
Flame photometric.. ...................... 3500-Na B-1997.......
Ion Chromatography. ...................... ..................... D6919-09.............
64. Specific conductance, micromhos/ Wheatstone bridge..... 120.1\1\(Rev. 1982)... 2510 B-1997.......... D1125-95(99) (A)..... 973.40\3\, I-2781-
cm at 25[deg]C. 85.\2\
65. Sulfate (as SO4), mg/L......... Automated colorimetric 375.2, Rev. 2.0 (1993) 4500-SO4\2-\ F-1997
or G-1997.
Gravimetric........ ...................... 4500-SO4\2-\ C-1997 ..................... 925.54.\3\
or D-1997.
Turbidimetric...... ...................... 4500-SO4\2-\ E-1997.. D516-07..............
Ion Chromatography. 300.0, Rev 2.1 (1993) 4110 B-2000 or C-2000 D4327-03............. 993.30\3\, I-4020-
and 300.1-1, Rev 1.0 05.\70\
(1997).
CIE/UV............. ...................... 4140 B-1997.......... D6508-00(05)......... D6508, Rev. 2.\54\
66. Sulfide (as S), mg/L........... Sample Pretreatment... ...................... 4500-S2- B, C-2000...
Titrimetric ...................... 4500-S2-F-2000....... ..................... I-3840-85.\2\
(iodine).
Colorimetric ...................... 4500-S2-D-2000.......
(methylene blue).
Ion Selective ...................... 4500-S2-G-2000....... D4658-08.............
Electrode.
67. Sulfite (as SO3), mg/L......... Titrimetric (iodine- ...................... 4500-SO32-B-2000.....
iodate).
68. Surfactants, mg/L.............. Colorimetric ...................... 5540 C-2000.......... D2330-02.............
(methylene blue).
69. Temperature, [deg]C............ Thermometric.......... ...................... 2550 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote.\32\
70. Thallium-Total,\4\ mg/L........ Digestion\4\, followed
by any of the
following:
AA direct ...................... 3111 B-1999..........
aspiration.
AA furnace......... 279.2\1\(Issued 1978). 3113 B-2004..........
STGFAA............. 200.9, Rev. 2.2 (1994)
ICP/AES............ 200.7, Rev. 4.4 3120 B-1999.......... D1976-07.............
(1994); 200.5 Rev.
4.2 (2003)\68\.
ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2009.......... D5673-05............. 993.14\3\, I-4471-
97.\50\
71. Tin-Total,\4\ mg/L............. Digestion\4\, followed
by any of the
following:.
AA direct ...................... 3111 B-1999.......... ..................... I-3850-78.\8\
aspiration.
AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2004..........
STGFAA............. 200.9, Rev. 2.2 (1994)
ICP/AES............ 200.5, Rev 4.2
(2003)\68\; 200.7,
Rev. 4.4 (1994).
ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2009.......... D5673-05............. 993.14.\3\
72. Titanium-Total,\4\ mg/L........ Digestion\4\ followed
by any of the
following:
AA direct ...................... 3111 D-1999..........
aspiration.
AA furnace......... 283.2\1\(Issued 1978).
ICP/AES............ 200.7, Rev. 4.4 (1994)
ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2009.......... D5673-05............. 993.14.\3\
[[Page 29784]]
DCP................ ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote.\34\
73. Turbidity, NTU\53\............. Nephelometric......... 180.1, Rev. 2.0 (1993) 2130 B-2001.......... D1889-00............. I-3860-85.\2\
See footnote.\65\
See footnote.\66\
See footnote.\67\
74. Vanadium-Total,\4\ mg/L........ Digestion\4\, followed
by any of the
following:
AA direct ...................... 3111 D-1999..........
aspiration.
AA furnace......... ...................... 3113 B-2004.......... D3373-03(07).........
ICP/AES............ 200.5, Rev 4.2 3120 B-1999.......... D1976-07............. I-4471-97.\50\
(2003)\68\; 200.7,
Rev. 4.4 (1994).
ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2009.......... D5673-05............. 993.14\3\, I-4020-
05.\70\
DCP................ ...................... ..................... D4190-08............. See footnote.\34\
Colorimetric ...................... 3500-V B-1997........
(Gallic Acid).
75. Zinc-Total\4\, mg/L............ Digestion\4\, followed
by any of the
following:
AA direct ...................... 3111 B-1999 or 3111 C- D1691-02(07) (A or B) 974.27\3\, p. 37\9\,
aspiration\36\. 1999. I-3900-85.\2\
AA furnace......... 289.2\1\(Issued 1978).
ICP/AES\36\........ 200.5, Rev 4.2 3120 B-1999.......... D1976-07............. I-4471-97.\50\
(2003)\68\; 200.7,
Rev. 4.4 (1994).
ICP/MS............. 200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994) 3125 B-2009.......... D5673-05............. 993.14\3\, I-4020-
05.\70\
DCP\36\............ ...................... ..................... D4190-08............. See footnote.\34\
Colorimetric ...................... 3500 Zn B-1997....... ..................... See footnote.\33\
(Zincon).
76. Acid Mine Drainage............. ...................... 1627\69\..............
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table IB Notes:
\1\ Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, EPA-600/4-79-020. Revised March 1983 and 1979, where applicable. U.S. EPA.
\2\ Methods for Analysis of Inorganic Substances in Water and Fluvial Sediments, Techniques of Water-Resource Investigations of the U.S. Geological
Survey, Book 5, Chapter A1., unless otherwise stated. 1989. USGS.
\3\ Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Methods Manual, Sixteenth Edition, 4th Revision, 1998. AOAC
International.
\4\ For the determination of total metals (which are equivalent to total recoverable metals) the sample is not filtered before processing. A digestion
procedure is required to solubilize analytes in suspended material and to break down organic-metal complexes (to convert the analyte to a detectable
form for colorimetric analysis). For non-platform graphite furnace atomic absorption determinations a digestion using nitric acid (as specified in
Section 4.1.3 of Methods for the Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes) is required prior to analysis. The procedure used should subject the sample to
gentle, acid refluxing and at no time should the sample be taken to dryness. For direct aspiration flame atomic absorption determinations (FLAA) a
combination acid (nitric and hydrochloric acids) digestion is preferred prior to analysis. The approved total recoverable digestion is described as
Method 200.2 in Supplement I of ``Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples'' EPA/600R-94/111, May, 1994, and is reproduced in
EPA Methods 200.7, 200.8, and 200.9 from the same Supplement. However, when using the gaseous hydride technique or for the determination of certain
elements such as antimony, arsenic, selenium, silver, and tin by non-EPA graphite furnace atomic absorption methods, mercury by cold vapor atomic
absorption, the noble metals and titanium by FLAA, a specific or modified sample digestion procedure may be required and in all cases the referenced
method write-up should be consulted for specific instruction and/or cautions. For analyses using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission
spectrometry (ICP-AES), the direct current plasma (DCP) technique or the EPA spectrochemical techniques (platform furnace AA, ICP-AES, and ICP-MS) use
EPA Method 200.2 or an approved alternate procedure (e.g., CEM microwave digestion, which may be used with certain analytes as indicated in Table IB);
the total recoverable digestion procedures in EPA Methods 200.7, 200.8, and 200.9 may be used for those respective methods. Regardless of the
digestion procedure, the results of the analysis after digestion procedure are reported as ``total'' metals.
\5\ Copper sulfate or other catalysts that have been found suitable may be used in place of mercuric sulfate.
\6\ Manual distillation is not required if comparability data on representative effluent samples are on file to show that this preliminary distillation
step is not necessary: however, manual distillation will be required to resolve any controversies. In general, the analytical method should be
consulted regarding the need for distillation. If the method is not clear, the laboratory may compare a minimum of 9 different sample matrices to
evaluate the need for distillation. For each matrix, a matrix spike and matrix spike duplicate are analyzed both with and without the distillation
step. (A total of 36 samples, assuming 9 matrices). If results are comparable, the laboratory may dispense with the distillation step for future
analysis. Comparable is defined as < 20% RPD for all tested matrices). Alternatively the two populations of spike recovery percentages may be compared
using a recognized statistical test.
\7\ Industrial Method Number 379-75 WE Ammonia, Automated Electrode Method, Technicon Auto Analyzer II. February 19, 1976. Bran & Luebbe Analyzing
Technologies Inc.
\8\ The approved method is that cited in Methods for Determination of Inorganic Substances in Water and Fluvial Sediments, Techniques of Water-Resources
Investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey, Book 5, Chapter A1. 1979. USGS.
\9\ American National Standard on Photographic Processing Effluents. April 2, 1975. American National Standards Institute.
\10\ In-Situ Method 1003-8-2009, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Measurement by Optical Probe. 2009. In-Situ Incorporated.
\11\ The use of normal and differential pulse voltage ramps to increase sensitivity and resolution is acceptable.
\12\ Carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD5) must not be confused with the traditional BOD5 test method which measures ``total BOD.'' The
addition of the nitrification inhibitor is not a procedural option, but must be included to report the CBOD5 parameter. A discharger whose permit
requires reporting the traditional BOD5 may not use a nitrification inhibitor in the procedure for reporting the results. Only when a discharger's
permit specifically states CBOD5 is required can the permittee report data using a nitrification inhibitor.
\13\ OIC Chemical Oxygen Demand Method. 1978. Oceanography International Corporation.
\14\ Method 8000, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Hach Handbook of Water Analysis, 1979. Hach Company.
\15\ The back titration method will be used to resolve controversy.
[[Page 29785]]
\16\ Orion Research Instruction Manual, Residual Chlorine Electrode Model 97-70. 1977. Orion Research Incorporated. The calibration graph for the Orion
residual chlorine method must be derived using a reagent blank and three standard solutions, containing 0.2, 1.0, and 5.0 mL 0.00281 N potassium
iodate/100 mL solution, respectively.
\17\ Method 245.7, Mercury in Water by Cold Vapor Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry, EPA-821-R-05-001. Revision 2.0, February 2005. US EPA.
\18\ National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI) Technical Bulletin 253, December 1971.
\19\ Method 8506, Biocinchoninate Method for Copper, Hach Handbook of Water Analysis. 1979. Hach Company.
\20\ When using a method with block digestion, this treatment is not required.
\21\ Industrial Method Number 378-75WA, Hydrogen ion (pH) Automated Electrode Method, Bran & Luebbe (Technicon) Autoanalyzer II. October 1976. Bran &
Luebbe Analyzing Technologies.
\22\ Method 8008, 1,10-Phenanthroline Method using FerroVer Iron Reagent for Water. 1980. Hach Company.
\23\ Method 8034, Periodate Oxidation Method for Manganese, Hach Handbook of Wastewater Analysis. 1979. Hach Company.
\24\ Methods for Analysis of Organic Substances in Water and Fluvial Sediments, Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations of the U.S. Geological
Survey, Book 5, Chapter A3, (1972 Revised 1987) p. 14. 1987. USGS.
\25\ Method 8507, Nitrogen, Nitrite-Low Range, Diazotization Method for Water and Wastewater. 1979. Hach Company.
\26\ Just prior to distillation, adjust the sulfuric-acid-preserved sample to pH 4 with 1 + 9 NaOH.
\27\ The colorimetric reaction must be conducted at a pH of 10.0 0.2.
\28\ Addison, R.F., and R.G. Ackman. 1970. Direct Determination of Elemental Phosphorus by Gas-Liquid Chromatography, Journal of Chromatography,
47(3):421-426.
\29\ Approved methods for the analysis of silver in industrial wastewaters at concentrations of 1 mg/L and above are inadequate where silver exists as
an inorganic halide. Silver halides such as the bromide and chloride are relatively insoluble in reagents such as nitric acid but are readily soluble
in an aqueous buffer of sodium thiosulfate and sodium hydroxide to pH of 12. Therefore, for levels of silver above 1 mg/L, 20 mL of sample should be
diluted to 100 mL by adding 40 mL each of 2 M Na2S2O3 and NaOH. Standards should be prepared in the same manner. For levels of silver below 1 mg/L the
approved method is satisfactory.
\30\ The use of EDTA decreases method sensitivity. Analysts may omit EDTA or replace with another suitable complexing reagent provided that all method
specified quality control acceptance criteria are met.
\31\ For samples known or suspected to contain high levels of silver (e.g., in excess of 4 mg/L), cyanogen iodide should be used to keep the silver in
solution for analysis. Prepare a cyanogen iodide solution by adding 4.0 mL of concentrated NH4OH, 6.5 g of KCN, and 5.0 mL of a 1.0 N solution of I2
to 50 mL of reagent water in a volumetric flask and dilute to 100.0 mL. After digestion of the sample, adjust the pH of the digestate to >7 to prevent
the formation of HCN under acidic conditions. Add 1 mL of the cyanogen iodide solution to the sample digestate and adjust the volume to 100 mL with
reagent water (NOT acid). If cyanogen iodide is added to sample digestates, then silver standards must be prepared that contain cyanogen iodide as
well. Prepare working standards by diluting a small volume of a silver stock solution with water and adjusting the pH>7 with NH4OH. Add 1 mL of the
cyanogen iodide solution and let stand 1 hour. Transfer to a 100-mL volumetric flask and dilute to volume with water.
\32\ ``Water Temperature-Influential Factors, Field Measurement and Data Presentation,'' Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations of the U.S.
Geological Survey, Book 1, Chapter D1. 1975. USGS.
\33\ Method 8009, Zincon Method for Zinc, Hach Handbook of Water Analysis, 1979. Hach Company.
\34\ Method AES0029, Direct Current Plasma (DCP) Optical Emission Spectrometric Method for Trace Elemental Analysis of Water and Wastes. 1986-Revised
1991. Thermo Jarrell Ash Corporation.
\35\ In-Situ Method 1004-8-2009, Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand (CBOD) Measurement by Optical Probe. 2009. In-Situ Incorporated.
\36\ Microwave-assisted digestion may be employed for this metal, when analyzed by this methodology. Closed Vessel Microwave Digestion of Wastewater
Samples for Determination of Metals. April 16, 1992. CEM Corporation
\37\ When determining boron and silica, only plastic, PTFE, or quartz laboratory ware may be used from start until completion of analysis.
\38\ Only use n-hexane (n-Hexane--85% minimum purity, 99.0% min. saturated C6 isomers, residue less than 1 mg/L) extraction solvent when determining Oil
and Grease parameters--Hexane Extractable Material (HEM), or Silica Gel Treated HEM (analogous to EPA Methods 1664 Rev. A and 1664 Rev. B). Use of
other extraction solvents is prohibited.
\39\ Method PAI-DK01, Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl, Block Digestion, Steam Distillation, Titrimetric Detection. Revised December 22, 1994. OI Analytical.
\40\ Method PAI-DK02, Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl, Block Digestion, Steam Distillation, Colorimetric Detection. Revised December 22, 1994. OI Analytical.
\41\ Method PAI-DK03, Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl, Block Digestion, Automated FIA Gas Diffusion. Revised December 22, 1994. OI Analytical.
\42\ Method 1664 Rev. B is the revised version of EPA Method 1664 Rev. A. U.S. EPA. February 1999, Revision A. Method 1664, n-Hexane Extractable
Material (HEM; Oil and Grease) and Silica Gel Treated n-Hexane Extractable Material (SGT-HEM; Non-polar Material) by Extraction and Gravimetry. EPA-
821-R-98-002. U.S. EPA. February 2010, Revision B. Method 1664, n-Hexane Extractable Material (HEM; Oil and Grease) and Silica Gel Treated n-Hexane
Extractable Material (SGT-HEM; Non-polar Material) by Extraction and Gravimetry. EPA-821-R-10-001.
\43\ Method 1631, Mercury in Water by Oxidation, Purge and Trap, and Cold Vapor Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry, EPA-821-R-02-019. Revision E. August
2002, U.S. EPA. The application of clean techniques described in EPA's Method 1669: Sampling Ambient Water for Trace Metals at EPA Water Quality
Criteria Levels, EPA-821-R-96-011, are recommended to preclude contamination at low-level, trace metal determinations.
\44\ Method OIA-1677-09, Available Cyanide by Ligand Exchange and Flow Injection Analysis (FIA). 2010. OI Analytical.
\45\ Open File Report 00-170, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Ammonium Plus
Organic Nitrogen by a Kjeldahl Digestion Method and an Automated Photometric Finish that Includes Digest Cleanup by Gas Diffusion. 2000. USGS.
\46\ Open File Report 93-449, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Chromium in Water by
Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. 1993. USGS.
\47\ Open File Report 97-198, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Molybdenum by
Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. 1997.. USGS.
\48\ Open File Report 92-146, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Total Phosphorus by
Kjeldahl Digestion Method and an Automated Colorimetric Finish That Includes Dialysis. 1992. USGS.
\49\ Open File Report 98-639, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Arsenic and Selenium
in Water and Sediment by Graphite Furnace-Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. 1999. USGS.
\50\ Open File Report 98-165, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Elements in Whole-
water Digests Using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. 1998. USGS.
\51\ Open File Report 93-125, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Inorganic and
Organic Constituents in Water and Fluvial Sediments. 1993.. USGS.
\52\ Unless otherwise indicated, all EPA methods, excluding EPA Method 300.1-1, are published in U.S. EPA. May 1994. Methods for the Determination of
Metals in Environmental Samples, Supplement I, EPA/600/R-94/111; or U.S. EPA. August 1993. Methods for the Determination of Inorganic Substances in
Environmental Samples, EPA/600/R-93/100. EPA Method 300.1 is US EPA. Revision 1.0, 1997, including errata cover sheet April 27, 1999. Determination of
Inorganic Ions in Drinking Water by Ion Chromatography.
\53\ Styrene divinyl benzene beads (e.g., AMCO-AEPA-1 or equivalent) and stabilized formazin (e.g., Hach StablCal\TM\ or equivalent) are acceptable
substitutes for formazin.
\54\ Method D6508, Test Method for Determination of Dissolved Inorganic Anions in Aqueous Matrices Using Capillary Ion Electrophoresis and Chromate
Electrolyte. December 2000. Waters Corp.
[[Page 29786]]
\55\ Kelada-01, Kelada Automated Test Methods for Total Cyanide, Acid Dissociable Cyanide, and Thiocyanate, EPA 821-B-01-009, Revision 1.2, August 2001.
US EPA. Note: A 450-W UV lamp may be used in this method instead of the 550-W lamp specified if it provides performance within the quality control
(QC) acceptance criteria of the method in a given instrument. Similarly, modified flow cell configurations and flow conditions may be used in the
method, provided that the QC acceptance criteria are met.
\56\ QuikChem Method 10-204-00-1-X, Digestion and Distillation of Total Cyanide in Drinking and Wastewaters using MICRO DIST and Determination of
Cyanide by Flow Injection Analysis. Revision 2.2, March 2005. Lachat Instruments.
\57\ When using sulfide removal test procedures described in EPA Method 335.4-1, reconstitute particulate that is filtered with the sample prior to
distillation.
\58\ Unless otherwise stated, if the language of this table specifies a sample digestion and/or distillation ``followed by'' analysis with a method,
approved digestion and/or distillation are required prior to analysis.
\59\ Samples analyzed for available cyanide using OI Analytical method OIA-1677-09 or ASTM method D6888-09 that contain particulate matter may be
filtered only after the ligand exchange reagents have been added to the samples, because the ligand exchange process converts complexes containing
available cyanide to free cyanide, which is not removed by filtration. Analysts are further cautioned to limit the time between the addition of the
ligand exchange reagents and sample filtration to no more than 30 minutes to preclude settling of materials in samples.
\60\ Analysts should be aware that pH optima and chromophore absorption maxima might differ when phenol is replaced by a substituted phenol as the color
reagent in Berthelot Reaction (``phenol-hypochlorite reaction'') colorimetric ammonium determination methods. For example when phenol is used as the
color reagent, pH optimum and wavelength of maximum absorbance are about 11.5 and 635 nm, respectively--see, Patton, C.J. and S.R. Crouch. March 1977.
Anal. Chem. 49:464-469. These reaction parameters increase to pH > 12.6 and 665 nm when salicylate is used as the color reagent--see, Krom, M.D. April
1980. The Analyst 105:305-316.
\61\ If atomic absorption or ICP instrumentation is not available, the aluminon colorimetric method detailed in the 19th Edition of Standard Methods may
be used. This method has poorer precision and bias than the methods of choice.
\62\ Easy (1-Reagent) Nitrate Method, Revision November 12, 2011. Craig Chinchilla.
\63\ Hach Method 10360, Luminescence Measurement of Dissolved Oxygen in Water and Wastewater and for Use in the Determination of BOD5 and cBOD5.
Revision 1.2, October 2011. Hach Company. This method may be used to measure dissolved oxygen when performing the methods approved in Table IB for
measurement of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD).
\64\ In-Situ Method 1002-8-2009, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Measurement by Optical Probe. 2009. In-Situ Incorporated.
\65\ Mitchell Method M5331, Determination of Turbidity by Nephelometry. Revision 1.0, July 31, 2008. Leck Mitchell.
\66\ Mitchell Method M5271, Determination of Turbidity by Nephelometry. Revision 1.0, July 31, 2008. Leck Mitchell.
\67\ Orion Method AQ4500, Determination of Turbidity by Nephelometry. Revision 5, March 12, 2009. Thermo Scientific.
\68\ EPA Method 200.5, Determination of Trace Elements in Drinking Water by Axially Viewed Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry, EPA/
600/R-06/115. Revision 4.2, October 2003. US EPA.
\69\ Method 1627, Kinetic Test Method for the Prediction of Mine Drainage Quality, EPA-821-R-09-002. December 2011. US EPA.
\70\ Techniques and Methods Book 5-B1, Determination of Elements in Natural-Water, Biota, Sediment and Soil Samples Using Collision/Reaction Cell
Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry, Chapter 1, Section B, Methods of the National Water Quality Laboratory, Book 5, Laboratory Analysis,
2006. USGS.
\71\ Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4132, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination
of Organic Plus Inorganic Mercury in Filtered and Unfiltered Natural Water With Cold Vapor-Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry, 2001. USGS.
Table IC--List of Approved Test Procedures for Non-Pesticide Organic Compounds
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Parameter \1\ Method EPA \2,7\ Standard methods ASTM Other
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Acenaphthene.................... GC.................... 610. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
HPLC.................. 610................... 6440 B-2000.......... D4657-92 (98)........ .....................
2. Acenaphthylene.................. GC.................... 610. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
HPLC.................. 610................... 6440 B-2000.......... D4657-92 (98)........ .....................
3. Acrolein........................ GC.................... 603. .....................
GC/MS................. 624 \4\, 1624B. .....................
4. Acrylonitrile................... GC.................... 603. .....................
GC/MS................. 624 \4\, 1624B. .....................
5. Anthracene...................... GC.................... 610. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
HPLC.................. 610................... 6440B-2000........... D4657-92 (98)........ .....................
6. Benzene......................... GC.................... 602................... 6200 C-1997. .....................
GC/MS................. 624, 1624B............ 6200 B-1997. .....................
7. Benzidine....................... Spectro-photometric... ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote \3\,
p.1.
GC/MS................. 625 \5\, 1625B........ 6410 B-2000. .....................
HPLC.................. 605. .....................
8. Benzo(a)anthracene.............. GC.................... 610. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
HPLC.................. 610................... 6440 B-2000.......... D4657-92 (98)........ .....................
9. Benzo(a)pyrene.................. GC.................... 610. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
HPLC.................. 610................... 6440 B-2000.......... D4657-92 (98)........ .....................
10. Benzo(b)fluoranthene........... GC.................... 610. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
HPLC.................. 610................... 6440 B-2000.......... D4657-92 (98)........ .....................
11. Benzo(g,h,i)perylene........... GC.................... 610.
[[Page 29787]]
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
HPLC.................. 610................... 6440 B-2000.......... D4657-92 (98)........ .....................
12. Benzo(k)fluoranthene........... GC.................... 610.
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
HPLC.................. 610................... 6440 B-2000.......... D4657-92 (98)........ .....................
13. Benzyl chloride................ GC.................... ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote \3\, p.
130.
GC/MS................. ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote \6\, p.
S102.
14. Butyl benzyl phthalate......... GC.................... 606. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
15. bis(2-Chloroethoxy) methane.... GC.................... 611. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
16. bis(2-Chloroethyl) ether....... GC.................... 611. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
17. bis(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate.... GC.................... 606. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
18. Bromodichloromethane........... GC.................... 601................... 6200 C-1997. .....................
GC/MS................. 624, 1624B............ 6200 B-1997. .....................
19. Bromoform...................... GC.................... 601................... 6200 C-1997. .....................
GC/MS................. 624, 1624B............ 6200 B-1997. .....................
20. Bromomethane................... GC.................... 601................... 6200 C-1997. .....................
GC/MS................. 624, 1624B............ 6200 B-1997. .....................
21. 4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether..... GC.................... 611. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
22. Carbon tetrachloride........... GC.................... 601................... 6200 C-1997.......... ..................... See footnote \3\, p.
130.
GC/MS................. 624, 1624B............ 6200 B-1997. .....................
23. 4-Chloro-3-methyl phenol....... GC.................... 604................... 6420 B-2000. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000. See footnote \9\, p.
27.
24. Chlorobenzene.................. GC.................... 601, 602.............. 6200 C-1997.......... ..................... See footnote \3\, p.
130.
GC/MS................. 624, 1624B............ 6200 B-1997. .....................
25. Chloroethane................... GC.................... 601................... 6200 C-1997. .....................
GC/MS................. 624, 1624B............ 6200 B-1997. .....................
26. 2-Chloroethylvinyl ether....... GC.................... 601. .....................
GC/MS................. 624, 1624B. .....................
27. Chloroform..................... GC.................... 601................... 6200 C-1997.......... ..................... See footnote \3\, p.
130.
GC/MS................. 624, 1624B............ 6200 B-1997. .....................
28. Chloromethane.................. GC.................... 601................... 6200 C-1997. .....................
GC/MS................. 624, 1624B............ 6200 B-1997. .....................
29. 2-Chloronaphthalene............ GC.................... 612. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
30. 2-Chlorophenol................. GC.................... 604................... 6420 B-2000. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
31. 4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether.... GC.................... 611. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
32. Chrysene....................... GC.................... 610. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
HPLC.................. 610................... 6440 B-2000.......... D4657-92 (98)........ .....................
33. Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene......... GC.................... 610. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
HPLC.................. 610................... 6440 B-2000.......... D4657-92 (98)........ .....................
34. Dibromochloromethane........... GC.................... 601................... 6200 C-1997. .....................
GC/MS................. 624, 1624B............ 6200 B-1997. .....................
35. 1,2-Dichlorobenzene............ GC.................... 601, 602.............. 6200 C-1997. .....................
[[Page 29788]]
GC/MS................. 624, 1625B............ 6200 B-1997.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
36. 1,3-Dichlorobenzene............ GC.................... 601, 602.............. 6200 C-1997. .....................
GC/MS................. 624, 1625B............ 6200 B-1997.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
37. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene............ GC.................... 601, 602.............. 6200 C-1997. .....................
GC/MS................. 624, 1625B............ 6200 B-1997.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
38. 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine......... GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000. .....................
HPLC.................. 605. .....................
39. Dichlorodifluoromethane........ GC.................... 601. .....................
GC/MS................. ...................... 6200 C-1997. .....................
40. 1,1-Dichloroethane............. GC.................... 601................... 6200 C-1997. .....................
GC/MS................. 624, 1624B............ 6200 B-1997. .....................
41. 1,2-Dichloroethane............. GC.................... 601................... 6200 C-1997. .....................
GC/MS................. 624, 1624B............ 6200 B-1997. .....................
42. 1,1-Dichloroethene............. GC.................... 601................... 6200 C-1997. .....................
GC/MS................. 624, 1624B............ 6200 B-1997. .....................
43. trans-1,2-Dichloroethene....... GC.................... 601................... 6200 C-1997. .....................
GC/MS................. 624, 1624B............ 6200 B-1997. .....................
44. 2,4-Dichlorophenol............. GC.................... 604................... 6420 B-2000. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
45. 1,2-Dichloropropane............ GC.................... 601................... 6200 C-1997. .....................
GC/MS................. 624, 1624B............ 6200 B-1997. .....................
46. cis-1,3-Dichloropropene........ GC.................... 601................... 6200 C-1997. .....................
GC/MS................. 624, 1624B............ 6200 B-1997. .....................
47. trans-1,3-Dichloropropene...... GC.................... 601................... 6200 C-1997. .....................
GC/MS................. 624, 1624B............ 6200 B-1997. .....................
48. Diethyl phthalate.............. GC.................... 606. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
49. 2,4-Dimethylphenol............. GC.................... 604................... 6420 B-2000. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
50. Dimethyl phthalate............. GC.................... 606. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
51. Di-n-butyl phthalate........... GC.................... 606. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
52. Di-n-octyl phthalate........... GC.................... 606. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
53. 2, 4-Dinitrophenol............. GC.................... 604................... 6420 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000. .....................
54. 2,4-Dinitrotoluene............. GC.................... 609. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
55. 2,6-Dinitrotoluene............. GC.................... 609. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
56. Epichlorohydrin................ GC.................... ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote \3\, p.
130.
GC/MS................. ...................... ..................... ..................... See footnote \6\, p.
S102.
57. Ethylbenzene................... GC.................... 602................... 6200 C-1997. .....................
GC/MS................. 624, 1624B............ 6200 B-1997. .....................
58. Fluoranthene................... GC.................... 610. ..................... .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
HPLC.................. 610................... 6440 B-2000.......... D4657-92 (98)........ .....................
59. Fluorene....................... GC.................... 610. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
HPLC.................. 610................... 6440 B-2000.......... D4657-92 (98)........ .....................
60. 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Heptachloro- GC/MS................. 1613B. .....................
dibenzofuran.
61. 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Heptachloro- GC/MS................. 1613B. .....................
dibenzofuran.
62. 1,2,3,4,6,7,8- Heptachloro- GC/MS................. 1613B. .....................
dibenzo-p-dioxin.
63. Hexachlorobenzene.............. GC.................... 612. .....................
[[Page 29789]]
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
64. Hexachlorobutadiene............ GC.................... 612. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
65. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene...... GC.................... 612. .....................
GC/MS................. 625 \5\, 1625B........ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
66. 1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexachloro- GC/MS................. 1613B. .....................
dibenzofuran.
67. 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachloro- GC/MS................. 1613B. .....................
dibenzofuran.
68. 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexachloro- GC/MS................. 1613B. .....................
dibenzofuran.
69. 2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexachloro- GC/MS................. 1613B. .....................
dibenzofuran.
70. 1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexachloro-dibenzo- GC/MS................. 1613B. .....................
p-dioxin.
71. 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachloro-dibenzo- GC/MS................. 1613B. .....................
p-dioxin.
72. 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexachloro-dibenzo- GC/MS................. 1613B. .....................
p-dioxin.
73. Hexachloroethane............... GC.................... 612. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
74. Indeno(1,2,3-c,d) pyrene....... GC.................... 610. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
HPLC.................. 610................... 6440 B-2000.......... D4657-92 (98)........ .....................
75. Isophorone..................... GC.................... 609. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
76. Methylene chloride............. GC.................... 601................... 6200 C-1997. ..................... See footnote \3\, p.
130.
GC/MS................. 624, 1624B............ 6200 B-1997. .....................
77. 2-Methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol..... GC.................... 604................... 6420 B-2000. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000. ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
78. Naphthalene.................... GC.................... 610. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27
HPLC.................. 610................... 6440 B-2000. .....................
79. Nitrobenzene................... GC.................... 609. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
HPLC.................. ...................... ..................... D4657-92 (98)........ .....................
80. 2-Nitrophenol.................. GC.................... 604................... 6420 B-2000. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
81. 4-Nitrophenol.................. GC.................... 604................... 6420 B-2000. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
82. N-Nitrosodimethylamine......... GC.................... 607. .....................
GC/MS................. 625 \5\, 1625B........ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
83. N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine...... GC.................... 607. .....................
GC/MS................. 625 \5\, 1625B........ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
84. N-Nitrosodiphenylamine......... GC.................... 607. .....................
GC/MS................. 625 \5\, 1625B........ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
85. Octachlorodibenzofuran......... GC/MS................. 1613B.\10\ .....................
86. Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin..... GC/MS................. 1613B.\10\ .....................
87. 2,2'-Oxybis(2-chloro-propane) GC.................... 611. .....................
[also known as bis(2-
Chloroisopropyl) ether].
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
88. PCB-1016....................... GC.................... 608................... ..................... ..................... See footnote \3\, p.
43; See footnote.
\8\
GC/MS................. 625................... 6410 B-2000. .....................
89. PCB-1221....................... GC.................... 608................... ..................... ..................... See footnote \3\, p.
43; See footnote.
\8\
GC/MS................. 625................... 6410 B-2000. .....................
90. PCB-1232....................... GC.................... 608................... ..................... ..................... See footnote \3\, p.
43; See footnote.
\8\
[[Page 29790]]
GC/MS................. 625................... 6410 B-2000. .....................
91. PCB-1242....................... GC.................... 608................... ..................... ..................... See footnote \3\, p.
43; See footnote.
\8\
GC/MS................. 625................... 6410 B-2000. .....................
92. PCB-1248....................... GC.................... 608. .....................
GC/MS................. 625................... 6410 B-2000. .....................
93. PCB-1254....................... GC.................... 608................... ..................... ..................... See footnote \3\, p.
43; See footnote.
\8\
GC/MS................. 625................... 6410 B-2000. .....................
94. PCB-1260....................... GC.................... 608................... ..................... ..................... See footnote \3\, p.
43; See footnote.
\8\
GC/MS................. 625................... 6410 B-2000. .....................
95. 1,2,3,7,8-Pentachloro- GC/MS................. 1613B. .....................
dibenzofuran.
96. 2,3,4,7,8-Pentachloro- GC/MS................. 1613B. .....................
dibenzofuran.
97. 1,2,3,7,8,-Pentachloro-dibenzo- GC/MS................. 1613B. .....................
p-dioxin.
98. Pentachlorophenol.............. GC.................... 604................... 6420 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \3\, p.
140.
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
99. Phenanthrene................... GC.................... 610. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
HPLC.................. 610................... 6440 B-2000.......... D4657-92 (98)........ .....................
100. Phenol........................ GC.................... 604................... 6420 B-2000. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
101. Pyrene........................ GC.................... 610. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
HPLC.................. 610................... 6440 B-2000.......... D4657-92 (98)........ .....................
102. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachloro- GC/MS................. 1613B.\10\ .....................
dibenzofuran.
103. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachloro-dibenzo-p- GC/MS................. 613, 625 \5a\, 1613B.. .....................
dioxin.
104. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane..... GC.................... 601................... 6200 C-1997.......... ..................... See footnote \3\, p.
130.
GC/MS................. 624, 1624B............ 6200 B-1997. .....................
105. Tetrachloroethene............. GC.................... 601................... 6200 C-1997.......... ..................... See footnote \3\, p.
130.
GC/MS................. 624, 1624B............ 6200 B-1997. .....................
106. Toluene....................... GC.................... 602................... 6200 C-1997. .....................
GC/MS................. 624, 1624B............ 6200 B-1997. .....................
107. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene........ GC.................... 612................... ..................... ..................... See footnote \3\, p.
130.
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
108. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane......... GC.................... 601................... 6200 C-1997. .....................
GC/MS................. 624, 1624B............ 6200 B-1997. .....................
109. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane......... GC.................... 601................... 6200 C-1997.......... ..................... See footnote \3\, p.
130.
GC/MS................. 624, 1624B............ 6200 B-1997. .....................
110. Trichloroethene............... GC.................... 601................... 6200 C-1997. .....................
GC/MS................. 624, 1624B............ 6200 B-1997. .....................
111. Trichlorofluoromethane........ GC.................... 601................... 6200 C-1997. .....................
GC/MS................. 624................... 6200 B-1997. .....................
112. 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol......... GC.................... 604................... 6420 B-2000. .....................
GC/MS................. 625, 1625B............ 6410 B-2000.......... ..................... See footnote \9\, p.
27.
113. Vinyl chloride................ GC.................... 601................... 6200 C-1997. .....................
GC/MS................. 624, 1624B............ 6200 B-1997. .....................
114. Nonylphenol................... GC/MS................. ...................... ..................... D7065-06. .....................
115. Bisphenol A (BPA)............. GC/MS................. ...................... ..................... D7065-06. .....................
116. p-tert-Octylphenol (OP)....... GC/MS................. ...................... ..................... D7065-06. .....................
117. Nonylphenol Monoethoxylate GC/MS................. ...................... ..................... D7065-06. .....................
(NP1EO).
118. Nonylphenol Diethoxylate GC/MS................. ...................... ..................... D7065-06. .....................
(NP2EO).
119. Adsorbable Organic Halides Adsorption and 1650.\11\ .....................
(AOX). Coulometric Titration.
[[Page 29791]]
120. Chlorinated Phenolics......... In Situ Acetylation 1653.\11\ .....................
and GC/MS.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table IC notes:
\1\ All parameters are expressed in micrograms per liter ([mu]g/L) except for Method 1613B, in which the parameters are expressed in picograms per liter
(pg/L).
\2\ The full text of Methods 601-613, 624, 625, 1613B, 1624B, and 1625B are provided at Appendix A, Test Procedures for Analysis of Organic Pollutants,
of this Part 136. The standardized test procedure to be used to determine the method detection limit (MDL) for these test procedures is given at
Appendix B, Definition and Procedure for the Determination of the Method Detection Limit, of this Part 136.
\3\ Methods for Benzidine: Chlorinated Organic Compounds, Pentachlorophenol and Pesticides in Water and Wastewater. September 1978. U.S. EPA.
\4\ Method 624 may be used for quantitative determination of acrolein and acrylonitrile, provided that the laboratory has documentation to substantiate
the ability to detect and quantify these analytes at levels necessary to comply with any associated regulations. In addition, the use of sample
introduction techniques other than simple purge-and-trap may be required. QC acceptance criteria from Method 603 should be used when analyzing samples
for acrolein and acrylonitrile in the absence of such criteria in Method 624.
\5\ Method 625 may be extended to include benzidine, hexachlorocyclopentadiene, N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine, and N-
nitrosodiphenylamine. However, when they are known to be present, Methods 605, 607, and 612, or Method 1625B, are preferred methods for these
compounds.
\5a\ Method 625, screening only.
\6\ Selected Analytical Methods Approved and Cited by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Supplement to the 15th Edition of Standard
Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 1981. American Public Health Association (APHA).
\7\ Each analyst must make an initial, one-time demonstration of their ability to generate acceptable precision and accuracy with Methods 601-603, 624,
625, 1624B, and 1625B in accordance with procedures each in Section 8.2 of each of these Methods. Additionally, each laboratory, on an on-going basis
must spike and analyze 10% (5% for Methods 624 and 625 and 100% for methods 1624B and 1625B) of all samples to monitor and evaluate laboratory data
quality in accordance with Sections 8.3 and 8.4 of these methods. When the recovery of any parameter falls outside the warning limits, the analytical
results for that parameter in the unspiked sample are suspect. The results should be reported, but cannot be used to demonstrate regulatory
compliance. These quality control requirements also apply to the Standard Methods, ASTM Methods, and other methods cited.
\8\ Organochlorine Pesticides and PCBs in Wastewater Using EmporeTM Disk. Revised October 28, 1994. 3M Corporation.
\9\ Method O-3116-87 is in Open File Report 93-125, Methods of Analysis by U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of
Inorganic and Organic Constituents in Water and Fluvial Sediments. 1993. USGS.
\10\ Analysts may use Fluid Management Systems, Inc. Power-Prep system in place of manual cleanup provided the analyst meets the requirements of Method
1613B (as specified in Section 9 of the method) and permitting authorities. Method 1613, Revision B, Tetra- through Octa-Chlorinated Dioxins and
Furans by Isotope Dilution HRGC/HRMS. Revision B, 1994. U.S. EPA. The full text of this method is provided in Appendix A to 40 CFR Part 136 and at
http://water.epa.gov/scitech/methods/cwa/index.cfm
\11\ Method 1650, Adsorbable Organic Halides by Adsorption and Coulometric Titration. Revision C, 1997. U.S. EPA. Method 1653, Chlorinated Phenolics in
Wastewater by In Situ Acetylation and GCMS. Revision A, 1997. U.S. EPA. The full text for both of these methods is provided at Appendix A in Part 430,
The Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Point Source Category.
Table ID--List of Approved Test Procedures for Pesticides \1\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Parameter Method EPA \2,7,10\ Standard methods ASTM Other
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Aldrin......................... GC........................ 608, 617............. 6630 B-2000 & C-2000. D3086-90, D5812-96 See footnote \3\, p.
(02). 7; See footnote
\4\, O-3104-83; See
footnote \8\,
3M0222.
GC/MS..................... 625.................. 6410 B-2000. ....................
2. Ametryn........................ GC........................ 507, 619............. ..................... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
83; See footnote
\9\, O-3106-93; See
footnote \6\, p.
S68.
GC/MS..................... 525.2................ ..................... .................... See footnote \14\, O-
1121-91.
3. Aminocarb...................... TLC....................... ..................... ..................... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
94; See footnote
\6\, p. S60.
HPLC...................... 632. ....................
4. Atraton........................ GC........................ 619.................. ..................... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
83; See footnote
\6\, p. S68.
5. Atrazine....................... GC........................ 507, 619............. ..................... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
83; See footnote
\6\, p. S68; See
footnote \9\, O-
3106-93.
HPLC/MS................... ..................... ..................... .................... See footnote \12\, O-
2060-01.
GC/MS..................... 525.1, 525.2......... ..................... .................... See footnote \11\, O-
1126-95.
6. Azinphos methyl................ GC........................ 614, 622, 1657....... ..................... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
25; See footnote
\6\, p. S51.
GC-MS..................... ..................... ..................... .................... See footnote \11\, O-
1126-95.
7. Barban......................... TLC....................... ..................... ..................... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
104; See footnote
\6\, p. S64.
HPLC...................... 632. ....................
8. [alpha]-BHC.................... GC........................ 608, 617............. 6630 B-2000 & C-2000. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote \3\, p.
96(02). 7; See footnote
\8\, 3M0222.
GC/MS..................... 625 \5\.............. 6410 B-2000.......... .................... See footnote \11\, O-
1126-95.
[[Page 29792]]
9. [beta]-BHC..................... GC........................ 608, 617............. 6630 B-2000 & C-2000. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote \8\,
96(02). 3M0222.
GC/MS..................... 625.................. 6410 B-2000. ....................
10. [delta]-BHC................... GC........................ 608, 617............. 6630 B-2000 & C-2000. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote \8\,
96(02). 3M0222.
GC/MS..................... 625.................. 6410 B-2000. ....................
11. [gamma]-BHC (Lindane)......... GC........................ 608, 617............. 6630 B-2000 & C-2000. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote \3\, p.
96(02). 7; See footnote
\4\, O-3104-83; See
footnote \8\,
3M0222.
GC/MS..................... 625 \5\.............. 6410 B-2000.......... .................... See footnote \11\, O-
1126-95.
12. Captan........................ GC........................ 617.................. 6630 B-2000.......... D3086-90, D5812- See footnote \3\, p.
96(02). 7.
13. Carbaryl...................... TLC....................... ..................... ..................... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
94, See footnote
\6\, p. S60.
HPLC...................... 531.1, 632. ....................
HPLC/MS................... 553.................. ..................... .................... See footnote \12\, O-
2060-01.
GC/MS..................... ..................... ..................... .................... See footnote \11\, O-
1126-95.
14. Carbophenothion............... GC........................ 617.................. 6630 B-2000.......... .................... See footnote \4\,
page 27; See
footnote \6\, p.
S73.
15. Chlordane..................... GC........................ 608, 617............. 6630 B-2000 & C-2000. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote \3\, p.
96(02). 7; See footnote
\4\, O-3104-83; See
footnote \8\,
3M0222.
GC/MS..................... 625.................. 6410 B-2000. ....................
16. Chloropropham................. TLC....................... ..................... ..................... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
104; See footnote
\6\, p. S64.
HPLC...................... 632. ....................
17. 2,4-D......................... GC........................ 615.................. 6640 B-2001.......... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
115; See footnote
\4\, O-3105 -83.
HPLC/MS................... ..................... ..................... .................... See footnote \12\, O-
2060-01.
18. 4,4'-DDD...................... GC........................ 608, 617............. 6630 B-2000 & C-2000. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote \3\, p.
96(02). 7; See footnote
\4\, O-3105-83; See
footnote \8\,
3M0222.
GC/MS..................... 625.................. 6410 B-2000. ....................
19. 4,4'-DDE...................... GC........................ 608, 617............. 6630 B-2000 & C-2000. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote \3\, p.
96(02). 7; See footnote
\4\, O-3104-83; See
footnote \8\,
3M0222.
GC/MS..................... 625.................. 6410 B-2000.......... .................... See footnote \11\, O-
1126-95.
20. 4,4'-DDT...................... GC........................ 608, 617............. 6630 B-2000 & C-2000. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote \3\, p.
96(02). 7; See footnote
\4\, O-3104-83; See
footnote \8\,
3M0222.
GC/MS..................... 625.................. 6410 B-2000. ....................
21. Demeton-O..................... GC........................ 614, 622............. ..................... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
25; See footnote
\6\, p. S51.
22. Demeton-S..................... GC........................ 614, 622............. ..................... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
25; See footnote
\6\, p. S51.
23. Diazinon...................... GC........................ 507, 614, 622, 1657.. ..................... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
25; See footnote
\4\, O-3104-83; See
footnote \6\, p.
S51.
GC/MS..................... 525.2................ ..................... .................... See footnote \11\, O-
1126-95.
24. Dicamba....................... GC........................ 615.................. ..................... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
115.
HPLC/MS................... ..................... ..................... .................... See footnote \12\, O-
2060-01.
25. Dichlofenthion................ GC........................ 622.1................ ..................... .................... See footnote \4\,
page 27; See
footnote \6\, p.
S73.
26. Dichloran..................... GC........................ 608.2, 617........... 6630 B-2000.......... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
7;
27. Dicofol....................... GC........................ 617.................. ..................... .................... See footnote \4\, O-
3104-83.
28. Dieldrin...................... GC........................ 608, 617............. 6630 B-2000 & C-2000. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote \3\, p.
96(02). 7; See footnote
\4\, O-3104-83; See
footnote \8\,
3M0222.
GC/MS..................... 625.................. 6410 B-2000.......... .................... See footnote \11\, O-
1126-95.
29. Dioxathion.................... GC........................ 614.1, 1657.......... ..................... .................... See footnote \4\,
page 27; See
footnote \6\, p.
S73.
30. Disulfoton.................... GC........................ 507, 614, 622, 1657.. ..................... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
25; See footnote
\6\ p. S51.
GC/MS..................... 525.2................ ..................... .................... See footnote \11\, O-
1126-95.
31. Diuron........................ TLC....................... ..................... ..................... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
104; See footnote
\6\, p. S64.
HPLC...................... 632. ....................
HPLC/MS................... 553.................. ..................... .................... See footnote \12\, O-
2060-01.
[[Page 29793]]
32. Endosulfan I.................. GC........................ 608, 617............. 6630 B-2000 & C-2000. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote \3\, p.
96(02). 7; See footnote
\4\, O-3104-83; See
footnote \8\,
3M022).
GC/MS..................... 625 \5\.............. 6410 B-2000.......... .................... See footnote \13\, O-
2002-01.
33. Endosulfan II................. GC........................ 608, 617............. 6630 B-2000 & C-2000. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote \3\, p.
96(02). 7; See footnote
\8\, 3M0222.
GC/MS..................... 625 \5\.............. 6410 B-2000.......... .................... See footnote \13\,
O-2002-01.
34. Endosulfan Sulfate............ GC........................ 608, 617............. 6630 C-2000.......... .................... See footnote \8\,
3M0222.
GC/MS..................... 625.................. 6410 B-2000.......... .................... ....................
35. Endrin........................ GC........................ 505, 508, 608, 617, 6630 B-2000 & C-2000. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote \3\, p.
1656. 96(02). 7; See footnote
\4\, O-3104-83; See
footnote \8\,
3M0222.
GC/MS..................... 525.1, 525.2, 625 \5\ 6410 B-2000. ....................
36. Endrin aldehyde............... GC........................ 608, 617............. 6630 C-2000.......... .................... See footnote \8\,
3M0222.
GC/MS..................... 625. ....................
37. Ethion........................ GC........................ 614, 614.1,1657...... ..................... .................... See footnote \4\,
page 27; See
footnote \6\, p.
S73.
GC/MS..................... ..................... ..................... .................... See footnote \13\, O-
2002-01.
38. Fenuron....................... TLC....................... ..................... ..................... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
104; See footnote
\6\, p. S64.
HPLC...................... 632. ....................
HPLC/MS................... ..................... ..................... .................... See footnote \12\, O-
2060-01.
39. Fenuron-TCA................... TLC....................... ..................... ..................... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
104; See footnote
\6\, p. S64.
HPLC...................... 632. ....................
40. Heptachlor.................... GC........................ 505, 508, 608, 617, 6630 B-2000 & C-2000. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote \3\, p.
1656. 96(02). 7; See footnote
\4\, O-3104-83; See
footnote \8\,
3M0222.
GC/MS..................... 525.1, 525.2, 625.... 6410 B-2000. ....................
41. Heptachlor epoxide............ GC........................ 608, 617............. 6630 B-2000 & C-2000. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote \3\, p.
96(02). 7; See footnote
\4\, O-3104-83; See
footnote \6\, p.
S73; See footnote
\8\, 3M0222.
GC/MS..................... 625.................. 6410 B-2000. ....................
42. Isodrin....................... GC........................ 617.................. 6630 B-2000 & C-2000. .................... See footnote \4\, O-
3104-83; See
footnote \6\, p.
S73.
43. Linuron....................... GC........................ ..................... ..................... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
104; See footnote
\6\, p. S64.
HPLC...................... 632. ....................
HPLC/MS................... 553.................. ..................... .................... See footnote \12\, O-
2060-01.
GC/MS..................... ..................... ..................... .................... See footnote \11\, O-
1126-95.
44. Malathion..................... GC........................ 614, 1657............ 6630 B-2000.......... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
25; See footnote
\6\, p. S51.
GC/MS..................... ..................... ..................... .................... See footnote \11\, O-
1126-95.
45. Methiocarb.................... TLC....................... ..................... ..................... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
94; See footnote
\6\, p. S60.
HPLC...................... 632. ....................
HPLC/MS................... ..................... ..................... .................... See footnote \12\, O-
2060-01.
46. Methoxychlor.................. GC........................ 505, 508, 608.2, 617, 6630 B-2000 & C-2000. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote \3\, p.
1656. 96(02). 7; See footnote
\4\, O-3104 -83;
See footnote \8\,
3M0222.
GC/MS..................... 525.1, 525.2......... ..................... .................... See footnote \11\, O-
1126-95.
47. Mexacarbate................... TLC....................... ..................... ..................... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
94; See footnote
\6\, p.S60.
HPLC...................... 632. ....................
48. Mirex......................... GC........................ 617.................. 6630 B-2000 & C-2000. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote \3\, p.
96(02). 7; See footnote
\4\, O-3104-83.
49. Monuron....................... TLC....................... ..................... ..................... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
104; See footnote
\6\, p. S64.
HPLC...................... 632. ....................
50. Monuron-TCA................... TLC....................... ..................... ..................... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
104; See footnote
\6\, p. S64.
HPLC...................... 632. ....................
51. Neburon....................... TLC....................... ..................... ..................... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
104; See footnote
\6\, p. S64.
HPLC...................... 632. ....................
HPLC/MS................... ..................... ..................... .................... See footnote \12\, O-
2060-01.
52. Parathion methyl.............. GC........................ 614, 622, 1657....... 6630 B-2000.......... .................... See footnote \4\,
page 27; See
footnote \3\, p.
25.
[[Page 29794]]
GC/MS..................... ..................... ..................... .................... See footnote \11\, O-
1126-95.
53. Parathion ethyl............... GC........................ 614.................. 6630 B-2000.......... .................... See footnote \4\,
page 27; See
footnote \3\, p.
25.
GC/MS..................... ..................... ..................... .................... See footnote \11\, O-
1126-95.
54. PCNB.......................... GC........................ 608.1, 617........... 6630 B-2000 & C-2000. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote \3\, p.
96(02). 7.
55. Perthane...................... GC........................ 617.................. ..................... D3086-90, D5812- See footnote \4\, O-
96(02). 3104-83.
56. Prometon...................... GC........................ 507, 619............. ..................... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
83; See footnote
\6\, p. S68; See
footnote \9\, O-
3106-93.
GC/MS..................... 525.2................ ..................... .................... See footnote \11\, O-
1126-95.
57. Prometryn..................... GC........................ 507, 619............. ..................... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
83; See footnote
\6\, p. S68; See
footnote \9\,O-3106-
93.
GC/MS..................... 525.1, 525.2......... ..................... .................... See footnote \13\, O-
2002-01.
58. Propazine..................... GC........................ 507, 619, 1656....... ..................... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
83; See footnote
\6\, p. S68; See
footnote \9\, O-
3106-93.
GC/MS..................... 525.1, 525.2. ....................
59. Propham....................... TLC....................... ..................... ..................... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
104; See footnote
\6\, p. S64.
HPLC...................... 632. ....................
HPLC/MS................... ..................... ..................... .................... See footnote \12\, O-
2060-01.
60. Propoxur...................... TLC....................... ..................... ..................... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
94; See footnote
\6\, p. S60.
HPLC...................... 632. ....................
61. Secbumeton.................... TLC....................... ..................... ..................... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
83; See footnote
\6\, p. S68.
GC........................ 619. ....................
62. Siduron....................... TLC....................... ..................... ..................... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
104; See footnote
\6\, p. S64.
HPLC...................... 632. ....................
HPLC/MS................... ..................... ..................... .................... See footnote \12\, O-
2060-01.
63. Simazine...................... GC........................ 505, 507, 619, 1656.. ..................... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
83; See footnote
\6\, p. S68; See
footnote \9\, O-
3106-93.
GC/MS..................... 525.1, 525.2......... ..................... .................... See footnote \11\, O-
1126-95.
64. Strobane...................... GC........................ 617.................. 6630 B-2000 & C-2000. .................... See footnote \3\, p.
7.
65. Swep.......................... TLC....................... ..................... ..................... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
104; See footnote
\6\, p. S64.
HPLC...................... 632. ....................
66. 2,4,5-T....................... GC........................ 615.................. 6640 B-2001.......... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
115; See footnote
\4\, O-3105-83.
67. 2,4,5-TP (Silvex)............. GC........................ 615.................. 6640 B-2001.......... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
115; See footnote
\4\, O-3105-83.
68. Terbuthylazine................ GC........................ 619, 1656............ ..................... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
83; See footnote
\6\, p. S68.
GC/MS..................... ..................... ..................... .................... See footnote \13\, O-
2002-01.
69. Toxaphene..................... GC........................ 505, 508, 608, 617, 6630 B-2000 & C-2000. D3086-90, D5812- See footnote \3\, p.
1656. 96(02). 7; See footnote
\8\; See footnote
\4\, O-3105-83.
GC/MS..................... 525.1, 525.2, 625.... 6410 B-2000. ....................
70. Trifluralin................... GC........................ 508, 617, 627, 1656.. 6630 B-2000.......... .................... See footnote \3\, p.
7; See footnote
\9\, O-3106-93.
GC/MS..................... 525.2................ ..................... .................... See footnote \11\, O-
1126-95.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table ID notes:
\1\ Pesticides are listed in this table by common name for the convenience of the reader. Additional pesticides may be found under Table IC, where
entries are listed by chemical name.
\2\ The standardized test procedure to be used to determine the method detection limit (MDL) for these test procedures is given at Appendix B,
Definition and Procedure for the Determination of the Method Detection Limit, of this Part 136.
\3\ Methods for Benzidine, Chlorinated Organic Compounds, Pentachlorophenol and Pesticides in Water and Wastewater. September 1978. U.S. EPA. This EPA
publication includes thin-layer chromatography (TLC) methods.
\4\ Methods for the Determination of Organic Substances in Water and Fluvial Sediments, Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations of the U.S.
Geological Survey, Book 5, Chapter A3. 1987. USGS.
\5\ The method may be extended to include [alpha]-BHC, [gamma]-BHC, endosulfan I, endosulfan II, and endrin. However, when they are known to exist,
Method 608 is the preferred method.
\6\ Selected Analytical Methods Approved and Cited by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Supplement to the 15th Edition of Standard
Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 1981. American Public Health Association (APHA).
[[Page 29795]]
\7\ Each analyst must make an initial, one-time, demonstration of their ability to generate acceptable precision and accuracy with Methods 608 and 625
in accordance with procedures given in Section 8.2 of each of these methods. Additionally, each laboratory, on an on-going basis, must spike and
analyze 10% of all samples analyzed with Method 608 or 5% of all samples analyzed with Method 625 to monitor and evaluate laboratory data quality in
accordance with Sections 8.3 and 8.4 of these methods. When the recovery of any parameter falls outside the warning limits, the analytical results for
that parameter in the unspiked sample are suspect. The results should be reported, but cannot be used to demonstrate regulatory compliance. These
quality control requirements also apply to the Standard Methods, ASTM Methods, and other methods cited.
\8\ Organochlorine Pesticides and PCBs in Wastewater Using Empore \TM\ Disk. Revised October 28, 1994. 3M Corporation.
\9\ Method O-3106-93 is in Open File Report 94-37, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of
Triazine and Other Nitrogen-Containing Compounds by Gas Chromatography With Nitrogen Phosphorus Detectors. 1994. USGS.
\10\ EPA Methods 608.1, 608.2, 614, 614.1, 615, 617, 619, 622, 622.1, 627, and 632 are found in Methods for the Determination of Nonconventional
Pesticides in Municipal and Industrial Wastewater, EPA 821-R-92-002, April 1992, U.S. EPA. The full text of Methods 608 and 625 are provided at
Appendix A, Test Procedures for Analysis of Organic Pollutants, of this Part 136. EPA Methods 505, 507, 508, 525.1, 531.1 and 553 are in Methods for
the Determination of Nonconventional Pesticides in Municipal and Industrial Wastewater, Volume II, EPA 821-R-93-010B, 1993, U.S. EPA. EPA Method 525.2
is in Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water by Liquid-Solid Extraction and Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry,
Revision 2.0, 1995, U.S. EPA. EPA methods 1656 and 1657 are in Methods For The Determination of Nonconventional Pesticides In Municipal and Industrial
Wastewater, Volume I, EPA 821-R-93-010A, 1993, U.S. EPA.
\11\ Method O-1126-95 is in Open-File Report 95-181, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination
of pesticides in water by C-18 solid-phase extraction and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring. 1995.
USGS.
\12\ Method O-2060-01 is in Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4134, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality
Laboratory--Determination of Pesticides in Water by Graphitized Carbon-Based Solid-Phase Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry. 2001. USGS.
\13\ Method O-2002-01 is in Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4098, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality
Laboratory--Determination of moderate-use pesticides in water by C-18 solid-phase extraction and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry. 2001. USGS.
\14\ Method O-1121-91 is in Open-File Report 91-519, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination
of organonitrogen herbicides in water by solid-phase extraction and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with selected-ion
monitoring. 1992. USGS.
* * * * *
Table IG--Test Methods for Pesticide Active Ingredients (40 CFR Part 455)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EPA survey code Pesticide name CAS No. EPA analytical method No.(s) \3\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8........................... Triadimefon..................... 43121-43-3 507/633/525.1/525.2/1656
12.......................... Dichlorvos...................... 62-73-7 1657/507/622/525.1/525.2
16.......................... 2,4-D; 2,4-D Salts and Esters 94-75-7 1658/515.1/615/515.2/555
[2,4-Dichloro-phenoxyacetic
acid].
17.......................... 2,4-DB; 2,4-DB Salts and Esters 94-82-6 1658/515.1/615/515.2/555
[2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric
acid].
22.......................... Mevinphos....................... 7786-34-7 1657/507/622/525.1/525.2
25.......................... Cyanazine....................... 21725-46-2 629/507
26.......................... Propachlor...................... 1918-16-7 1656/508/608.1/525.1/525.2
27.......................... MCPA; MCPA Salts and Esters [2- 94-74-6 1658/615/555
Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic
acid].
30.......................... Dichlorprop; Dichlorprop Salts 120-36-5 1658/515.1/615/515.2/555
and Esters [2-(2,4-
Dichlorophenoxy) propionic
acid].
31.......................... MCPP; MCPP Salts and Esters [2- 93-65-2 1658/615/555
(2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)
propionic acid].
35.......................... TCMTB [2-(Thiocyanomethylthio) 21564-17-0 637
benzo-thiazole].
39.......................... Pronamide....................... 23950-58-5 525.1/525.2/507/633.1
41.......................... Propanil........................ 709-98-8 632.1/1656
45.......................... Metribuzin...................... 21087-64-9 507/633/525.1/525.2/1656
52.......................... Acephate........................ 30560-19-1 1656/1657
53.......................... Acifluorfen..................... 50594-66-6 515.1/515.2/555
54.......................... Alachlor........................ 15972-60-8 505/507/645/525.1/525.2/1656
55.......................... Aldicarb........................ 116-06-3 531.1
58.......................... Ametryn......................... 834-12-8 507/619/525.2
60.......................... Atrazine........................ 1912-24-9 505/507/619/525.1/525.2/1656
62.......................... Benomyl......................... 17804-35-2 631
68.......................... Bromacil; Bromacil Salts and 314-40-9 507/633/525.1/525.2/1656
Esters.
69.......................... Bromoxynil...................... 1689-84-5 1625/1661
69.......................... Bromoxynil octanoate............ 1689-99-2 1656
70.......................... Butachlor....................... 23184-66-9 507/645/525.1/525.2/1656
73.......................... Captafol........................ 2425-06-1 1656
75.......................... Carbaryl [Sevin]................ 63-25-2 531.1/632/553
76.......................... Carbofuran...................... 1563-66-2 531.1/632
80.......................... Chloroneb....................... 2675-77-6 1656/508/608.1/525.1/525.2
82.......................... Chlorothalonil.................. 1897-45-6 508/608.2/525.1/525.2/1656
84.......................... Stirofos........................ 961-11-5 1657/507/622/525.1/525.2
86.......................... Chlorpyrifos.................... 2921-88-2 1657/508/622
90.......................... Fenvalerate..................... 51630-58-1 1660
103......................... Diazinon........................ 333-41-5 1657/507/614/622/525.2
107......................... Parathion methyl................ 298-00-0 1657/614/622
110......................... DCPA [Dimethyl 2,3,5,6- 1861-32-1 508/608.2/525.1/525.2/515.1 \2\/
tetrachloro-terephthalate]. 515.2 \2\/1656
[[Page 29796]]
112......................... Dinoseb......................... 88-85-7 1658/515.1/615/515.2/555
113......................... Dioxathion...................... 78-34-2 1657/614.1
118......................... Nabonate [Disodium cyanodithio- 138-93-2 630.1
imidocarbonate].
119......................... Diuron.......................... 330-54-1 632/553
123......................... Endothall....................... 145-73-3 548/548.1
124......................... Endrin.......................... 72-20-8 1656/505/508/608/617/525.1/525.2
125......................... Ethalfluralin................... 55283-68-6 1656/627 See footnote 1
126......................... Ethion.......................... 563-12-2 1657/614/614.1
127......................... Ethoprop........................ 13194-48-4 1657/507/622/525.1/525.2
132......................... Fenarimol....................... 60168-88-9 507/633.1/525.1/525.2/1656
133......................... Fenthion........................ 55-38-9 1657/622
138......................... Glyphosate [N-(Phosphonomethyl) 1071-83-6 547
glycine].
140......................... Heptachlor...................... 76-44-8 1656/505/508/608/617/525.1/525.2
144......................... Isopropalin..................... 33820-53-0 1656/627
148......................... Linuron......................... 330-55-2 553/632
150......................... Malathion....................... 121-75-5 1657/614
154......................... Methamidophos................... 10265-92-6 1657
156......................... Methomyl........................ 16752-77-5 531.1/632
158......................... Methoxychlor.................... 72-43-5 1656/505/508/608.2/617/525.1/
525.2
172......................... Nabam........................... 142-59-6 630/630.1
173......................... Naled........................... 300-76-5 1657/622
175......................... Norflurazon..................... 27314-13-2 507/645/525.1/525.2/1656
178......................... Benfluralin..................... 1861-40-1 1656/627 See footnote 1
182......................... Fensulfothion................... 115-90-2 1657/622
183......................... Disulfoton...................... 298-04-4 1657/507/614/622/525.2
185......................... Phosmet......................... 732-11-6 1657/622.1
186......................... Azinphos Methyl................. 86-50-0 1657/614/622
192......................... Organo-tin pesticides........... 12379-54-3 Ind-01/200.7/200.9
197......................... Bolstar......................... 35400-43-2 1657/622
203......................... Parathion....................... 56-38-2 1657/614
204......................... Pendimethalin................... 40487-42-1 1656
205......................... Pentachloronitrobenzene......... 82-68-8 1656/608.1/617
206......................... Pentachlorophenol............... 87-86-5 625/1625/515.2/555/515.1/525.1/
525.2
208......................... Permethrin...................... 52645-53-1 608.2/508/525.1/525.2/1656/1660
212......................... Phorate......................... 298-02-2 1657/622
218......................... Busan 85 [Potassium 128-03-0 630/630.1
dimethyldithiocarbamate].
219......................... Busan 40 [Potassium N- 51026-28-9 630/630.1
hydroxymethyl-N-
methyldithiocarbamate].
220......................... KN Methyl [Potassium N-methyl- 137-41-7 630/630.1
dithiocarbamate].
223......................... Prometon........................ 1610-18-0 507/619/525.2
224......................... Prometryn....................... 7287-19-6 507/619/525.1/525.2
226......................... Propazine....................... 139-40-2 507/619/525.1/525.2/1656
230......................... Pyrethrin I..................... 121-21-1 1660
232......................... Pyrethrin II.................... 121-29-9 1660
236......................... DEF [S,S,S-Tributyl 78-48-8 1657
phosphorotrithioate].
239......................... Simazine........................ 122-34-9 505/507/619/525.1/525.2/1656
241......................... Carbam-S [Sodium dimethyldithio- 128-04-1 630/630.1
carbamate].
243......................... Vapam [Sodium 137-42-8 630/630.1
methyldithiocarbamate].
252......................... Tebuthiuron..................... 34014-18-1 507/525.1/525.2
254......................... Terbacil........................ 5902-51-2 507/633/525.1/525.2/1656
255......................... Terbufos........................ 13071-79-9 1657/507/614.1/525.1/525.2
256......................... Terbuthylazine.................. 5915-41-3 619/1656
257......................... Terbutryn....................... 886-50-0 507/619/525.1/525.2
259......................... Dazomet......................... 533-74-4 630/630.1/1659
262......................... Toxaphene....................... 8001-35-2 1656/505/508/608/617/525.1/525.2
263......................... Merphos [Tributyl 150-50-5 1657/507/525.1/525.2/622
phosphorotrithioate].
264......................... Trifluralin \1\................. 1582-09-8 1656/508/617/627/525.2
268......................... Ziram [Zinc 137-30-4 630/630.1
dimethyldithiocarbamate].
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 1G notes:
\1\ Monitor and report as total Trifluralin.
\2\ Applicable to the analysis of DCPA degradates.
\3\ EPA Methods 608.1 through 645, 1645 through 1661, and Ind-01 are available in Methods For The Determination
of Nonconventional Pesticides In Municipal and Industrial Wastewater, Volume I, EPA 821-R-93-010A, Revision I,
August 1993, U.S. EPA. EPA Methods 200.9 and 505 through 555 are available in Methods For The Determination of
Nonconventional Pesticides In Municipal and Industrial Wastewater, Volume II, EPA 821-R-93-010B, August 1993,
U.S. EPA. The full text of Methods 608, 625 and 1625 are provided at Appendix A of this Part 136. The full
text of Method 200.7 is provided at Appendix C of this Part 136.
[[Page 29797]]
Table IH--List of Approved Microbiological Methods for Ambient Water
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Parameter and units Method \1\ EPA Standard methods AOAC, ASTM, USGS Other
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bacteria:
1. Coliform (fecal), number Most Probable Number p. 132 \3\......... 9221 C E-2006. ................................
per 100 mL or number per (MPN), 5 tube, 3
gram dry weight. dilution, or.
Membrane filter (MF) p. 124 \3\......... 9222 D-1997 B-0050-85 \4\ ................................
\2\, single step.
2. Coliform (fecal) in MPN, 5 tube, 3 p. 132 \3\......... 9221 C E-2006. ................................
presence of chlorine, number dilution, or.
per 100 mL.
MF \2\, single step p. 124 \3\......... 9222 D-1997. ................................
\5\.
3. Coliform (total), number MPN, 5 tube, 3 p. 114 \3\......... 9221 B-2006. ................................
per 100 mL. dilution, or.
MF \2\, single step p. 108 \3\......... 9222 B-1997........ B-0025-85 \4\ ................................
or two step.
4. Coliform (total), in MPN, 5 tube, 3 p. 114 \3\......... 9221 B-2006. ................................
presence of chlorine, number dilution, or.
per 100 mL.
MF \2\ with p. 111 \3\......... 9222 (B+B.5c)-1997. ................................
enrichment.
5. E. coli, number per 100 mL MPN 6,8,14, multiple ................... 9221 B.1-2006/9221 ................................
tube, or. F-2006 11,13.
Multiple tube/ ................... 9223 B-2004 \12\... 991.15 \10\........ Colilert[supreg]12,16, Colilert-
multiple well, or. 18[supreg]12,15,16.
MF 2,5,6,7,8, two 1103.1 \19\........ 9222 B-1997/9222 G- D5392-93 \9\. ................................
step, or. 1997 \18\, 9213 D-
2007.
Single step......... 1603 \20\, 1604 ................... ................... mColiBlue-24[supreg]\17\.
\21\.
6. Fecal streptococci, number MPN, 5 tube, 3 p. 139 \3\......... 9230 B-2007. ................................
per 100 mL. dilution, or.
MF \2\, or.......... p. 136 \3\......... 9230 C-2007........ B-0055-85 \4\. ................................
Plate count......... p. 143 \3\.........
7. Enterococci, number per MPN 6,8, multiple ................... ................... D6503-99 \9\....... Enterolert[supreg]12,22.
100 mL. tube/multiple well,
or.
MF 2,5,6,7,8 two 1106.1 \23\........ 9230 C-2007........ D5259-92 \9\. ................................
step, or.
Single step, or..... 1600 \24\.......... 9230 C-2007. ................................
Plate count......... p. 143 \3\. ................................
Protozoa:
8. Cryptosporidium........... Filtration/IMS/FA... 1622 \25\, 1623 ................................
\26\.
9. Giardia................... Filtration/IMS/FA... 1623 \26\ ................................
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 1H notes:
\1\ The method must be specified when results are reported.
\2\ A 0.45-[micro]m membrane filter (MF) or other pore size certified by the manufacturer to fully retain organisms to be cultivated and to be free of
extractables which could interfere with their growth.
\3\ Microbiological Methods for Monitoring the Environment, Water, and Wastes. EPA/600/8-78/017. 1978. US EPA.
\4\ U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resource Investigations, Book 5, Laboratory Analysis, Chapter A4, Methods for Collection and Analysis of
Aquatic Biological and Microbiological Samples. 1989. USGS.
\5\ Because the MF technique usually yields low and variable recovery from chlorinated wastewaters, the Most Probable Number method will be required to
resolve any controversies.
\6\ Tests must be conducted to provide organism enumeration (density). Select the appropriate configuration of tubes/filtrations and dilutions/volumes
to account for the quality, character, consistency, and anticipated organism density of the water sample.
\7\ When the MF method has not been used previously to test waters with high turbidity, large numbers of noncoliform bacteria, or samples that may
contain organisms stressed by chlorine, a parallel test should be conducted with a multiple-tube technique to demonstrate applicability and
comparability of results.
\8\ To assess the comparability of results obtained with individual methods, it is suggested that side-by-side tests be conducted across seasons of the
year with the water samples routinely tested in accordance with the most current Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater or EPA
alternate test procedure (ATP) guidelines.
\9\ Annual Book of ASTM Standards--Water and Environmental Technology. Section 11.02. 2000, 1999, 1996. ASTM International.
\10\ Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, 16th Edition, Volume I, Chapter 17. 1995. AOAC International.
\11\ The multiple-tube fermentation test is used in 9221B.1-2006. Lactose broth may be used in lieu of lauryl tryptose broth (LTB), if at least 25
parallel tests are conducted between this broth and LTB using the water samples normally tested, and this comparison demonstrates that the false-
positive rate and false-negative rate for total coliform using lactose broth is less than 10 percent. No requirement exists to run the completed phase
on 10 percent of all total coliform-positive tubes on a seasonal basis.
\12\ These tests are collectively known as defined enzyme substrate tests, where, for example, a substrate is used to detect the enzyme [beta]-
glucuronidase produced by E. coli.
\13\ After prior enrichment in a presumptive medium for total coliform using 9221B.1-2006, all presumptive tubes or bottles showing any amount of gas,
growth or acidity within 48 h 3 h of incubation shall be submitted to 9221F-2006. Commercially available EC-MUG media or EC media
supplemented in the laboratory with 50 [micro]g/mL of MUG may be used.
[[Page 29798]]
\14\ Samples shall be enumerated by the multiple-tube or multiple-well procedure. Using multiple-tube procedures, employ an appropriate tube and
dilution configuration of the sample as needed and report the Most Probable Number (MPN). Samples tested with Colilert[supreg] may be enumerated with
the multiple-well procedures, Quanti-Tray[supreg] or Quanti-Tray[supreg]/2000, and the MPN calculated from the table provided by the manufacturer.
\15\ Colilert-18[supreg] is an optimized formulation of the Colilert[supreg] for the determination of total coliforms and E. coli that provides results
within 18 h of incubation at 35 [deg]C, rather than the 24 h required for the Colilert[supreg] test, and is recommended for marine water samples.
\16\ Descriptions of the Colilert[supreg], Colilert-18[supreg], Quanti-Tray[supreg], and Quanti-Tray[supreg]/2000 may be obtained from IDEXX
Laboratories Inc.
\17\ A description of the mColiBlue24[supreg] test may be obtained from Hach Company.
\18\ Subject total coliform positive samples determined by 9222B-1997 or other membrane filter procedure to 9222G-1997 using NA-MUG media.
\19\ Method 1103.1: Escherichia coli (E. coli) in Water by Membrane Filtration Using membrane-Thermotolerant Escherichia coli Agar (mTEC), EPA-821-R-10-
002. March 2010. US EPA.
\20\ Method 1603: Escherichia coli (E. coli) in Water by Membrane Filtration Using Modified membrane-Thermotolerant Escherichia coli Agar (Modified
mTEC), EPA-821-R-09-007. December 2009. US EPA.
\21\ Preparation and use of MI agar with a standard membrane filter procedure is set forth in the article, Brenner et al. 1993. New Medium for the
Simultaneous Detection of Total Coliform and Escherichia coli in Water. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:3534-3544 and in Method 1604: Total Coliforms and
Escherichia coli (E. coli) in Water by Membrane Filtration by Using a Simultaneous Detection Technique (MI Medium), EPA 821-R-02-024, September 2002,
US EPA.
\22\ A description of the Enterolert[supreg] test may be obtained from IDEXX Laboratories Inc.
\23\ Method 1106.1: Enterococci in Water by Membrane Filtration Using membrane-Enterococcus-Esculin Iron Agar (mE-EIA), EPA-821-R-09-015. December 2009.
US EPA.
\24\ Method 1600: Enterococci in Water by Membrane Filtration Using membrane-Enterococcus Indoxyl-[beta]-D-Glucoside Agar (mEI), EPA-821-R-09-016.
December 2009. US EPA.
\25\ Method 1622 uses a filtration, concentration, immunomagnetic separation of oocysts from captured material, immunofluorescence assay to determine
concentrations, and confirmation through vital dye staining and differential interference contrast microscopy for the detection of Cryptosporidium.
Method 1622: Cryptosporidium in Water by Filtration/IMS/FA, EPA-821-R-05-001. December 2005. US EPA.
\26\ Method 1623 uses a filtration, concentration, immunomagnetic separation of oocysts and cysts from captured material, immunofluorescence assay to
determine concentrations, and confirmation through vital dye staining and differential interference contrast microscopy for the simultaneous detection
of Cryptosporidium and Giardia oocysts and cysts. Method 1623. Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Water by Filtration/IMS/FA. EPA-821-R-05-002. December
2005. US EPA.
(b) The documents required in this section are incorporated by
reference into this section with approval of the Director of the
Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51.
Copies of the documents may be obtained from the sources listed in
paragraph (b) of this section. Documents may be inspected at EPA's
Water Docket, EPA West, 1301 Constitution Avenue NW., Room B102,
Washington, DC (Telephone: 202-566-2426); or at the National Archives
and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability
of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. These test procedures are incorporated as they exist on
the day of approval and a notice of any change in these test procedures
will be published in the Federal Register. The full texts of the
methods from the following references which are cited in Tables IA, IB,
IC, ID, IE, IF, IG and IH are incorporated by reference into this
regulation and may be obtained from the source identified. All costs
cited are subject to change and must be verified from the indicated
source.
(1) Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati OH (US EPA). Available at
http://water.epa.gov/scitech/methods/cwa/index.cfm or from: National
Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield,
Virginia 22161
(i) Microbiological Methods for Monitoring the Environment, Water,
and Wastes. 1978. EPA/600/8-78/017, Pub. No. PB-290329/A.S.
(A) Part III Analytical Methodology, Section B Total Coliform
Methods, page 108. Table IA, Note 3; Table IH, Note 3.
(B) Part III Analytical Methodology, Section B Total Coliform
Methods, 2.6.2 Two-Step Enrichment Procedure, page 111. Table IA, Note
3; Table IH, Note 3.
(C) Part III Analytical Methodology, Section B Total Coliform
Methods, 4 Most Probable Number (MPN) Method, page 114. Table IA, Note
3; Table IH, Note 3.
(D) Part III Analytical Methodology, Section C Fecal Coliform
Methods, 2 Direct Membrane Filter (MF) Method, page 124. Table IA, Note
3; Table IH, Note 3.
(E) Part III, Analytical Methodology, Section C Fecal Coliform
Methods, 5 Most Probable Number (MPN) Method, page 132. Table IA, Note
3; Table IH, Note 3.
(F) Part III Analytical Methodology, Section D Fecal Streptococci,
2 Membrane Filter (MF) Method, page 136. Table IA, Note 3; Table IH,
Note 3.
(G) Part III Analytical Methodology, Section D Fecal Streptococci,
4 Most Probable Number Method, page 139. Table IA, Note 3; Table IH,
Note 3.
(H) Part III Analytical Methodology, Section D Fecal Streptococci,
5 Pour Plate Method, page 143. Table IA, Note 3; Table IH, Note 3.
(ii) [Reserved]
(2) Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati OH (US EPA). Available at
http://water.epa.gov/scitech/methods/cwa/index.cfm.
(i) Method 300.1 (including Errata Cover Sheet, April 27, 1999),
Determination of Inorganic Ions in Drinking Water by Ion
Chromatography, Revision 1.0, 1997. Table IB, Note 52.
(ii) Method 551, Determination of Chlorination Disinfection
Byproducts and Chlorinated Solvents in Drinking Water by Liquid-Liquid
Extraction and Gas Chromatography With Electron-Capture Detection.
1990. Table IF.
(3) National Exposure Risk Laboratory-Cincinnati, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati OH (US EPA). Available from
http://water.epa.gov/scitech/methods/cwa/index.cfm or from the National
Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road,
Springfield, VA 22161. Telephone: 800-553-6847.
(i) Methods for the Determination of Inorganic Substances in
Environmental Samples. August 1993. EPA/600/R-93/100, Pub. No. PB
94120821. Table IB, Note 52.
(A) Method 180.1, Determination of Turbidity by Nephelometry.
Revision 2.0. Table IB, Note 52.
(B) Method 300.0, Determination of Inorganic Anions by Ion
Chromatography. Revision 2.1. Table IB, Note 52.
(C) Method 335.4, Determination of Total Cyanide by Semi-Automated
Colorimetry. Revision 1.0. Table IB, Notes 52 and 57.
(D) Method 350.1, Determination of Ammonium Nitrogen by Semi-
Automated Colorimetry. Revision 2.0. Table IB, Notes 30 and 52.
(E) Method 351.2, Determination of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen by Semi-
Automated Colorimetry. Revision 2.0. Table IB, Note 52.
(F) Method 353.2, Determination of Nitrate-Nitrite Automated
Colorimetry. Revision 2.0. Table IB, Note 52.
[[Page 29799]]
(G) Method 365.1, Determination of Phosphorus by Automated
Colorimetry. Revision 2.0. Table IB, Note 52.
(H) Method 375.2, Determination of Sulfate by Automated
Colorimetry. Revision 2.0. Table IB, Note 52.
(I) Method 410.4, Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand by Semi-
Automated Colorimetry. Revision 2.0. Table IB, Note 52.
(ii) Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental
Samples, Supplement I. May 1994. EPA/600/R-94/111, Pub. No. PB
95125472. Table IB, Note 52.
(A) Method 200.7, Determination of Metals and Trace Elements in
Water and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission
Spectrometry. Revision 4.4. Table IB, Note 52.
(B) Method 200.8, Determination of Trace Elements in Water and
Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Revision 5.3.
Table IB, Note 52.
(C) Method 200.9, Determination of Trace Elements by Stabilized
Temperature Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Revision
2.2. Table IB, Note 52.
(D) Method 218.6, Determination of Dissolved Hexavalent Chromium in
Drinking Water, Groundwater, and Industrial Wastewater Effluents by Ion
Chromatography. Revision 3.3. Table IB, Note 52.
(E) Method 245.1, Determination of Mercury in Water by Cold Vapor
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Revision 3.0. Table IB, Note 52.
(4) National Exposure Risk Laboratory-Cincinnati, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati OH (US EPA). Available at
http://water.epa.gov/scitech/methods/cwa/index.cfm.
(i) EPA Method 200.5, Determination of Trace Elements in Drinking
Water by Axially Viewed Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission
Spectrometry. Revision 4.2, October 2003. EPA/600/R-06/115. Table IB,
Note 68.
(ii) EPA Method 525.2, Determination of Organic Compounds in
Drinking Water by Liquid-Solid Extraction and Capillary Column Gas
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Revision 2.0, 1995. Table ID, Note
10.
(5) Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati OH. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati OH (US EPA). Available at
http://water.epa.gov/scitech/methods/cwa/index.cfm or from ORD
Publications, CERI, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati OH
45268.
(i) Methods for Benzidine, Chlorinated Organic Compounds,
Pentachlorophenol, and Pesticides in Water and Wastewater. 1978. Table
IC, Note 3; Table ID, Note 3.
(ii) Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes. March 1979.
EPA-600/4-79-020. Table IB, Note 1.
(iii) Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes. Revised
March 1983. EPA-600/4-79-020. Table IB, Note 1.
(A) Method 120.1, Conductance, Specific Conductance, [mu]mhos at 25
[deg]C. Revision 1982. Table IB, Note 1.
(B) Method 130.1, Hardness, Total (mg/L as CaCO3),
Colorimetric, Automated EDTA. Issued 1971. Table IB, Note 1.
(C) Method 150.2, pH, Continuous Monitoring (Electrometric).
December 1982. Table IB, Note 1.
(D) Method 160.4, Residue, Volatile, Gravimetric, Ignition at 550
[deg]C. Issued 1971. Table IB, Note 1.
(E) Method 206.5, Arsenic, Sample Digestion Prior to Total Arsenic
Analysis by Silver Diethyldithiocarbamate or Hydride Procedures. Issued
1978. Table IB, Note 1.
(F) Method 231.2, Gold, Atomic Absorption, Furnace Technique.
Issued 1978. Table IB, Note 1.
(G) Method 245.2, Mercury, Automated Cold Vapor Technique. Issued
1974. Table IB, Note 1.
(H) Method 252.2, Osmium, Atomic Absorption, Furnace Technique.
Issued 1978. Table IB, Note 1.
(I) Method 253.2, Palladium, Atomic Absorption, Furnace Technique.
Issued 1978. Table IB, Note 1.
(J) Method 255.2, Platinum, Atomic Absorption, Furnace Technique.
Issued 1978. Table IB, Note 1.
(K) Method 265.2, Rhodium, Atomic Absorption, Furnace Technique.
Issued 1978. Table IB, Note 1.
(L) Method 279.2, Thallium, Atomic Absorption, Furnace Technique.
Issued 1978. Table IB, Note 1.
(M) Method 283.2, Titanium, Atomic Absorption, Furnace Technique.
Issued 1978. Table IB, Note 1.
(N) Method 289.2, Zinc, Atomic Absorption, Furnace Technique.
Issued 1978. Table IB, Note 1.
(O) Method 310.2, Alkalinity, Colorimetric, Automated, Methyl
Orange. Revision 1974. Table IB, Note 1.
(P) Method 351.1, Nitrogen, Kjeldahl, Total, Colorimetric,
Automated Phenate. Revision 1978. Table IB, Note 1.
(Q) Method 352.1, Nitrogen, Nitrate, Colorimetric, Brucine. Issued
1971. Table IB, Note 1.
(R) Method 365.3, Phosphorus, All Forms, Colorimetric, Ascorbic
Acid, Two Reagent. Issued 1978. Table IB, Note 1.
(S) Method 365.4, Phosphorus, Total, Colorimetric, Automated, Block
Digestor AA II. Issued 1974. Table IB, Note 1.
(T) Method 410.3, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Titrimetric, High Level
for Saline Waters. Revision 1978. Table IB, Note 1.
(U) Method 420.1, Phenolics, Total Recoverable, Spectrophotometric,
Manual 4-AAP With Distillation. Revision 1978. Table IB, Note 1.
(iv) Prescribed Procedures for Measurement of Radioactivity in
Drinking Water. 1980. EPA-600/4-80-032. Table IE.
(A) Method 900.0, Gross Alpha and Gross Beta Radioactivity. Table
IE.
(B) Method 903.0, Alpha-Emitting iRadio Isotopes. Table IE.
(C) Method 903.1, Radium-226, Radon Emanation Technique. Table IE.
(D) Appendix B, Error and Statistical Calculations. Table IE.
(6) Office of Science and Technology, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington DC (US EPA). Available at http://water.epa.gov/scitech/methods/cwa/index.cfm.
(i) Method 1625C, Semivolatile Organic Compounds by Isotope
Dilution GCMS. 1989. Table IF.
(ii) [Reserved]
(7) Office of Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington DC (US EPA). Available at http://water.epa.gov/scitech/methods/cwa/index.cfm or from National Technical Information Service,
5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
(i) Method 1631, Mercury in Water by Oxidation, Purge and Trap, and
Cold Vapor Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry. Revision E, August 2002.
EPA-821-R-02-019, Pub. No. PB2002-108220. Table IB, Note 43.
(ii) Kelada-01, Kelada Automated Test Methods for Total Cyanide,
Acid Dissociable Cyanide, and Thiocyanate. Revision 1.2, August 2001.
EPA 821-B-01-009, Pub. No. PB 2001-108275. Table IB, Note 55.
(iii) In the compendium Analytical Methods for the Determination of
Pollutants in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Industry Wastewaters. July
1998. EPA 821-B-98-016, Pub. No. PB95201679. Table IF, Note 1.
(A) EPA Method 1666, Volatile Organic Compounds Specific to the
Pharmaceutical Industry by Isotope Dilution GC/MS. Table IF, Note 1.
(B) EPA Method 1667, Formaldehyde, Isobutyraldehyde, and Furfural
by Derivatization Followed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography.
Table IF.
(C) Method 1671, Volatile Organic Compounds Specific to the
[[Page 29800]]
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Industry by GC/FID. Table IF.
(iv) Methods For The Determination of Nonconventional Pesticides In
Municipal and Industrial Wastewater, Volume I. Revision I, August 1993.
EPA 821-R-93-010A, Pub. No. PB 94121654. Tables ID, IG.
(A) Method 608.1, Organochlorine Pesticides. Table ID, Note 10;
Table IG, Note 3.
(B) Method 608.2, Certain Organochlorine Pesticides. Table ID, Note
10; Table IG, Note 3.
(C) Method 614, Organophosphorus Pesticides. Table ID, Note 10;
Table IG, Note 3.
(D) Method 614.1, Organophosphorus Pesticides. Table ID, Note 10;
Table IG, Note 3.
(E) Method 615, Chlorinated Herbicides. Table ID, Note 10; Table
IG, Note 3.
(F) Method 617, Organohalide Pesticides and PCBs. Table ID, Note
10; Table IG, Note 3.
(G) Method 619, Triazine Pesticides. Table ID, Note 10; Table IG,
Note 3.
(H) Method 622, Organophosphorus Pesticides. Table ID, Note 10;
Table IG, Note 3.
(I) Method 622.1, Thiophosphate Pesticides. Table ID, Note 10;
Table IG, Note 3.
(J) Method 627, Dinitroaniline Pesticides. Table ID, Note 10; Table
IG, Notes 1 and 3.
(K) Method 629, Cyanazine. Table IG, Note 3.
(L) Method 630, Dithiocarbamate Pesticides. Table IG, Note 3.
(M) Method 630.1, Dithiocarbamate Pesticides. Table IG, Note 3.
(N) Method 631, Benomyl and Carbendazim. Table IG, Note 3.
(O) Method 632, Carbamate and Urea Pesticides. Table ID, Note 10;
Table IG, Note 3.
(P) Method 632.1, Carbamate and Amide Pesticides. Table IG, Note 3.
(Q) Method 633, Organonitrogen Pesticides. Table IG, Note 3.
(R) Method 633.1, Neutral Nitrogen-Containing Pesticides. Table IG,
Note 3.
(S) Method 637, MBTS and TCMTB. Table IG, Note 3.
(T) Method 644, Picloram. Table IG, Note 3.
(U) Method 645, Certain Amine Pesticides and Lethane. Table IG,
Note 3.
(V) Method 1656, Organohalide Pesticides. Table ID, Note 10; Table
IG, Notes 1 and 3.
(W) Method 1657, Organophosphorus Pesticides. Table ID, Note 10;
Table IG, Note 3.
(X) Method 1658, Phenoxy-Acid Herbicides. Table IG, Note 3.
(Y) Method 1659, Dazomet. Table IG, Note 3.
(Z) Method 1660, Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids. Table IG, Note 3.
(AA) Method 1661, Bromoxynil. Table IG, Note 3.
(BB) Ind-01. Methods EV-024 and EV-025, Analytical Procedures for
Determining Total Tin and Triorganotin in Wastewater. Table IG, Note 3.
(v) Methods For The Determination of Nonconventional Pesticides In
Municipal and Industrial Wastewater, Volume II. August 1993. EPA 821-R-
93-010B, Pub. No. PB 94166311. Table IG.
(A) Method 200.9, Determination of Trace Elements by Stabilized
Temperature Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Table IG,
Note 3.
(B) Method 505, Analysis of Organohalide Pesticides and Commercial
Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Products in Water by Microextraction and
Gas Chromatography. Table ID, Note 10; Table IG, Note 3.
(C) Method 507, The Determination of Nitrogen- and Phosphorus-
Containing Pesticides in Water by Gas Chromatography with a Nitrogen-
Phosphorus Detector. Table ID, Note 10; Table IG, Note 3.
(D) Method 508, Determination of Chlorinated Pesticides in Water by
Gas Chromatography with an Electron Capture Detector. Table ID, Note
10; Table IG, Note 3.
(E) Method 515.1, Determination of Chlorinated Acids in Water by
Gas Chromatography with an Electron Capture Detector. Table IG, Notes 2
and 3.
(F) Method 515.2, Determination of Chlorinated Acids in Water Using
Liquid-Solid Extraction and Gas Chromatography with an Electron Capture
Detector. Table IG, Notes 2 and 3.
(G) Method 525.1, Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking
Water by Liquids-Solid Extraction and Capillary Column Gas
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Table ID, Note 10; Table IG, Note 3.
(H) Method 531.1, Measurement of N-Methylcarbamoyloximes and N-
Methylcarbamates in Water by Direct Aqueous Injection HPLC with Post-
Column Derivatization. Table ID, Note 10; Table IG, Note 3.
(I) Method 547, Determination of Glyphosate in Drinking Water by
Direct-Aqueous-Injection HPLC, Post-Column Derivatization, and
Fluorescence Detection. Table IG, Note 3.
(J) Method 548, Determination of Endothall in Drinking Water by
Aqueous Derivatization, Liquid-Solid Extraction, and Gas Chromatography
with Electron-Capture Detector. Table IG, Note 3.
(K) Method 548.1, Determination of Endothall in Drinking Water by
Ion-Exchange Extraction, Acidic Methanol Methylation and Gas
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Table IG, Note 3.
(L) Method 553, Determination of Benzidines and Nitrogen-Containing
Pesticides in Water by Liquid-Liquid Extraction or Liquid-Solid
Extraction and Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography/
Particle Beam/Mass Spectrometry Table ID, Note 10; Table IG, Note 3.
(M) Method 555, Determination of Chlorinated Acids in Water by High
Performance Liquid Chromatography With a Photodiode Array Ultraviolet
Detector. Table IG, Note 3.
(vi) In the compendium Methods for the Determination of Organic
Compounds in Drinking Water. Revised July 1991, December 1998. EPA-600/
4-88-039, Pub. No. PB92-207703. Table IF.
(A) EPA Method 502.2, Volatile Organic Compounds in Water by Purge
and Trap Capillary Column Gas Chromatography with Photoionization and
Electrolytic Conductivity Detectors in Series. Table IF.
(B) [Reserved]
(vii) In the compendium Methods for the Determination of Organic
Compounds in Drinking Water-Supplement II. August 1992. EPA-600/R-92-
129, Pub. No. PB92-207703. Table IF.
(A) EPA Method 524.2, Measurement of Purgeable Organic Compounds in
Water by Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Table
IF.
(B) [Reserved]
(viii) Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents and
Receiving Waters to Freshwater and Marine Organisms, Fifth Edition.
October 2002. EPA 821-R-02-012, Pub. No. PB2002-108488. Table IA, Note
26.
(ix) Short-Term Methods for Measuring the Chronic Toxicity of
Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater Organisms, Fourth Edition.
October 2002. EPA 821-R-02-013, Pub. No. PB2002-108489. Table IA, Note
27.
(x) Short-Term Methods for Measuring the Chronic Toxicity of
Effluents and Receiving Waters to Marine and Estuarine Organisms, Third
Edition. October 2002. EPA 821-R-02-014, Pub. No. PB2002-108490. Table
IA, Note 28.
(8) Office of Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington DC (US EPA). Available at
[[Page 29801]]
http://water.epa.gov/scitech/methods/cwa/index.cfm.
(i) Method 245.7, Mercury in Water by Cold Vapor Atomic
Fluorescence Spectrometry. Revision 2.0, February 2005. EPA-821-R-05-
001. Table IB, Note 17.
(ii) Method 1103.1: Escherichia coli (E. coli) in Water by Membrane
Filtration Using membrane-Thermotolerant Escherichia coli Agar (mTEC).
March 2010. EPA-621-R-10-002. Table IH, Note 19.
(iii) Method 1106.1: Enterococci in Water by Membrane Filtration
Using membrane-Enterococcus-Esculin Iron Agar (mE-EIA). December 2009.
EPA-621-R-09-015. Table IH, Note 23.
(iv) Method 1600: Enterococci in Water by Membrane Filtration Using
membrane-Enterococcus Indoxyl-[beta]-D-Glucoside Agar (mEI). December
2009. EPA-821-R-09-016. Table IA, Note 25; Table IH, Note 24.
(v) Method 1603: Escherichia coli (E. coli) in Water by Membrane
Filtration Using Modified membrane-Thermotolerant Escherichia coli Agar
(Modified mTEC). December 2009. EPA-821-R-09-007. Table IA, Note 22;
Table IH, Note 20.
(vi) Method 1604: Total Coliforms and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in
Water by Membrane Filtration Using a Simultaneous Detection Technique
(MI Medium). September 2002. EPA-821-R-02-024. Table IH, Note 21.
(vii) Method 1622: Cryptosporidium in Water by Filtration/IMS/FA.
December 2005. EPA-821-R-05-001. Table IH, Note 25.
(viii) Method 1623: Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Water by
Filtration/IMS/FA. December 2005. EPA-821-R-05-002. Table IH, Note 26.
(ix) Method 1627, Kinetic Test Method for the Prediction of Mine
Drainage Quality. December 2011. EPA-821-R-09-002. Table IB, Note 69.
(x) Method 1664, n-Hexane Extractable Material (HEM; Oil and
Grease) and Silica Gel Treated n-Hexane Extractable Material (SGT-HEM;
Non-polar Material) by Extraction and Gravimetry. Revision A, February
1999. EPA-821-R-98-002. Table IB, Notes 38 and 42.
(xi) Method 1664, n-Hexane Extractable Material (HEM; Oil and
Grease) and Silica Gel Treated n-Hexane Extractable Material (SGT-HEM;
Non-polar Material) by Extraction and Gravimetry. Revision B, February
2010. EPA-821-R-10-001. Table IB, Notes 38 and 42.
(xii) Method 1669, Sampling Ambient Water for Trace Metals at EPA
Water Quality Criteria Levels. July 1996. Table IB, Note 43.
(xiii) Method 1680: Fecal Coliforms in Sewage Sludge (Biosolids) by
Multiple-Tube Fermentation using Lauryl Tryptose Broth (LTB) and EC
Medium. April 2010. EPA-821-R-10-003. Table IA, Note 15.
(xiv) Method 1681: Fecal Coliforms in Sewage Sludge (Biosolids) by
Multiple-Tube Fermentation using A-1 Medium. July 2006. EPA 821-R-06-
013. Table IA, Note 20.
(xv) Method 1682: Salmonella in Sewage Sludge (Biosolids) by
Modified Semisolid Rappaport-Vassiliadis (MSRV) Medium. July 2006. EPA
821-R-06-014. Table IA, Note 23.
(9) American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York
NY 10018.
(i) ANSI. American National Standard on Photographic Processing
Effluents. April 2, 1975. Table IB, Note 9.
(ii) [Reserved]
(10) American Public Health Association, 1015 15th Street NW.,
Washington, DC 20005. Standard Methods Online is available through the
Standard Methods Web site (http://www.standardmethods.org).
(i) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.
14th Edition, 1975. Table IB, Notes 17 and 27.
(ii) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.
15th Edition, 1980, Table IB, Note 30; Table ID.
(iii) Selected Analytical Methods Approved and Cited by the United
States Environmental Protection Agency, Supplement to the 15th Edition
of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 1981.
Table IC, Note 6; Table ID, Note 6.
(iv) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.
18th Edition, 1992. Tables IA, IB, IC, ID, IE, and IH.
(v) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.
19th Edition, 1995. Tables IA, IB, IC, ID, IE, and IH.
(vi) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.
20th Edition, 1998. Tables IA, IB, IC, ID, IE, and IH.
(vii) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.
21st Edition, 2005. Table IB, Notes 17 and 27.
(viii) 2120, Color. 2001. Table IB.
(ix) 2130, Turbidity. 2001. Table IB.
(x) 2310, Acidity. 1997. Table IB.
(xi) 2320, Alkalinity. 1997. Table IB.
(xii) 2340, Hardness. 1997. Table IB.
(xiii) 2510, Conductivity. 1997. Table IB.
(xiv) 2540, Solids. 1997. Table IB.
(xv) 2550, Temperature. 2000. Table IB.
(xvi) 3111, Metals by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. 1999.
Table IB.
(xvii) 3112, Metals by Cold-Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry.
2009. Table IB.
(xviii) 3113, Metals by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry. 2004. Table IB.
(xix) 3114, Arsenic and Selenium by Hydride Generation/Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry. 2009. Table IB.
(xx) 3120, Metals by Plasma Emission. 1999. Table IB.
(xxi) 3125, Metals by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry.
2009. Table IB.
(xxii) 3500-Al, Aluminum. 2001. Table IB.
(xxiii) 3500-As, Arsenic. 1997. Table IB.
(xxiv) 3500-Ca, Calcium. 1997. Table IB.
(xxv) 3500-Cr, Chromium. 2009. Table IB.
(xxvi) 3500-Cu, Copper. 1999. Table IB.
(xxvii) 3500-Fe, Iron. 1997. Table IB.
(xxviii) 3500-Pb, Lead. 1997. Table IB.
(xxix) 3500-Mn, Manganese. 1999. Table IB.
(xxx) 3500-K, Potassium. 1997. Table IB.
(xxxi) 3500-Na, Sodium. 1997. Table IB.
(xxxii) 3500-V, Vanadium. 1997. Table IB.
(xxxiii) 3500-Zn, Zinc. 1997. Table IB.
(xxxiv) 4110, Determination of Anions by Ion Chromatography. 2000.
Table IB.
(xxxv) 4140, Inorganic Anions by Capillary Ion Electrophoresis.
1997. Table IB.
(xxxvi) 4500-B, Boron. 2000. Table IB.
(xxxvii) 4500-Cl-, Chloride. 1997. Table IB.
(xxxviii) 4500-Cl, Chlorine (Residual). 2000. Table IB.
(xxxix) 4500-CN-, Cyanide. 1999. Table IB.
(xl) 4500-F-, Fluoride. 1997. Table IB.
(xli) 4500-H\+\, pH Value. 2000. Table IB.
(xlii) 4500-NH3, Nitrogen (Ammonia). 1997. Table IB.
(xliii) 4500-NO2-, Nitrogen (Nitrite). 2000.
Table IB.
(xliv) 4500-NO3-, Nitrogen (Nitrate). 2000.
Table IB.
(xlv) 4500-Norg, Nitrogen (Organic). 1997. Table IB.
(xlvi) 4500-O, Oxygen (Dissolved). 2001. Table IB.
(xlvii) 4500-P, Phosphorus. 1999. Table IB.
(xlviii) 4500-SiO2, Silica. 1997. Table IB.
[[Page 29802]]
(xlix) 4500-S2-, Sulfide. 2000. Table IB.
(l) 4500-SO32-, Sulfite. 2000. Table IB.
(li) 4500-SO42-, Sulfate. 1997. Table IB.
(lii) 5210, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). 2001. Table IB.
(liii) 5220, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). 1997. Table IB.
(liv) 5310, Total Organic Carbon (TOC). 2000. Table IB.
(lv) 5520, Oil and Grease. 2001. Table IB.
(lvi) 5530, Phenols. 2005. Table IB.
(lvii) 5540, Surfactants. 2000. Table IB.
(lviii) 6200, Volatile Organic Compounds. 1997. Table IC.
(lix) 6410, Extractable Base/Neutrals and Acids. 2000. Tables IC,
ID.
(lx) 6420, Phenols. 2000. Table IC.
(lxi) 6440, Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons. 2000. Table IC.
(lxii) 6630, Organochlorine Pesticides. 2000. Table ID.
(lxiii) 6640, Acidic Herbicide Compounds. 2001. Table ID.
(lxiv) 7110, Gross Alpha and Gross Beta Radioactivity (Total,
Suspended, and Dissolved). 2000. Table IE.
(lxv) 7500, Radium. 2001. Table IE.
(lxvi) 9213, Recreational Waters. 2007. Table IH.
(lxvii) 9221, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique for Members of
the Coliform Group. 2006. Table IA, Notes 12 and 14; Table IH, Notes 11
and 13.
(lxviii) 9222, Membrane Filter Technique for Members of the
Coliform Group. 1997. Table IA; Table IH, Note 18.
(lxix) 9223, Enzyme Substrate Coliform Test. 2004. Table IA; Table
IH.
(lxx) 9230, Fecal Enterococcus/Streptococcus Groups. 2007. Table
IA; Table IH.
(11) The Analyst, The Royal Society of Chemistry, RSC Publishing,
Royal Society of Chemistry, Thomas Graham House, Science Park, Milton
Road, Cambridge CB4 0WF, United Kingdom. (Also available from most
public libraries.)
(i) Spectrophotometric Determination of Ammonia: A Study of a
Modified Berthelot Reaction Using Salicylate and Dichloroisocyanurate.
Krom, M.D. 105:305-316, April 1980. Table IB, Note 60.
(ii) [Reserved]
(12) Analytical Chemistry, ACS Publications, 1155 Sixteenth St.
NW., Washington DC 20036. (Also available from most public libraries.)
(i) Spectrophotometric and Kinetics Investigation of the Berthelot
Reaction for the Determination of Ammonia. Patton, C.J. and S.R.
Crouch. 49(3):464-469, March 1977. Table IB, Note 60.
(ii) [Reserved]
(13) AOAC International, 481 North Frederick Avenue, Suite 500,
Gaithersburg, MD 20877-2417.
(i) Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 16th
Edition, 4th Revision, 1998.
(A) 920.203, Manganese in Water, Persulfate Method. Table IB, Note
3.
(B) 925.54, Sulfate in Water, Gravimetric Method. Table IB, Note 3.
(C) 973.40, Specific Conductance of Water. Table IB, Note 3.
(D) 973.41, pH of Water. Table IB, Note 3.
(E) 973.43, Alkalinity of Water, Titrimetric Method. Table IB, Note
3.
(F) 973.44, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) of Water, Incubation
Method. Table IB, Note 3.
(G) 973.45, Oxygen (Dissolved) in Water, Titrimetric Methods. Table
IB, Note 3.
(H) 973.46, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of Water, Titrimetric
Methods. Table IB, Note 3.
(I) 973.47, Organic Carbon in Water, Infrared Analyzer Method.
Table IB, Note 3.
(J) 973.48, Nitrogen (Total) in Water, Kjeldahl Method. Table IB,
Note 3.
(K) 973.49, Nitrogen (Ammonia) in Water, Colorimetric Method. Table
IB, Note 3.
(L) 973.50, Nitrogen (Nitrate) in Water, Brucine Colorimetric
Method. Table IB, Note 3.
(M) 973.51, Chloride in Water, Mercuric Nitrate Method. Table IB,
Note 3.
(N) 973.52, Hardness of Water. Table IB, Note 3.
(O) 973.53, Potassium in Water, Atomic Absorption
Spectrophotometric Method. Table IB, Note 3.
(P) 973.54, Sodium in Water, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric
Method. Table IB, Note 3.
(Q) 973.55, Phosphorus in Water, Photometric Method. Table IB, Note
3.
(R) 973.56, Phosphorus in Water, Automated Method. Table IB, Note
3.
(S) 974.27, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Iron, Lead, Magnesium,
Manganese, Silver, Zinc in Water, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric
Method. Table IB, Note 3.
(T) 977.22, Mercury in Water, Flameless Atomic Absorption
Spectrophotometric Method. Table IB, Note 3.
(U) 991.15. Total Coliforms and Escherichia coli in Water Defined
Substrate Technology (Colilert) Method. Table IA, Note 10; Table IH,
Note 10.
(V) 993.14, Trace Elements in Waters and Wastewaters, Inductively
Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometric Method. Table IB, Note 3.
(W) 993.23, Dissolved Hexavalent Chromium in Drinking Water, Ground
Water, and Industrial Wastewater Effluents, Ion Chromatographic Method.
Table IB, Note 3.
(X) 993.30, Inorganic Anions in Water, Ion Chromatographic Method.
Table IB, Note 3.
(ii) [Reserved]
(14) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for
Microbiology, 1752 N Street NW., Washington DC 20036. (Also available
from most public libraries.)
(i) New Medium for the Simultaneous Detection of Total Coliforms
and Escherichia coli in Water. Brenner, K.P., C.C. Rankin, Y.R. Roybal,
G.N. Stelma, Jr., P.V. Scarpino, and A.P. Dufour. 59:3534-3544,
November 1993. Table IH, Note 21.
(ii) [Reserved]
(15) ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, or online at http://www.astm.org.
(i) Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Water, and Environmental
Technology, Section 11, Volumes 11.01 and 11.02. 1994. Tables IA, IB,
IC, ID, IE, and IH.
(ii) Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Water, and Environmental
Technology, Section 11, Volumes 11.01 and 11.02. 1996. Tables IA, IB,
IC, ID, IE, and IH.
(iii) Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Water, and Environmental
Technology, Section 11, Volumes 11.01 and 11.02. 1999. Tables IA, IB,
IC, ID, IE, and IH.
(iv) Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Water, and Environmental
Technology, Section 11, Volumes 11.01 and 11.02. 2000. Tables IA, IB,
IC, ID, IE, and IH.
(v) ASTM D511-08, Standard Test Methods for Calcium and Magnesium
in Water. November 2008. Table IB.
(vi) ASTM D512-04, Standard Test Methods for Chloride Ion in Water.
July 2004. Table IB.
(vii) ASTM D515-88, Test Methods for Phosphorus in Water, March
1989. Table IB.
(viii) ASTM D516-07, Standard Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Water,
September 2007. Table IB.
(ix) ASTM D858-07, Standard Test Methods for Manganese in Water.
August 2007. Table IB.
(x) ASTM D859-05, Standard Test Method for Silica in Water.
February 2005. Table IB.
(xi) ASTM D888-09, Standard Test Methods for Dissolved Oxygen in
Water. December 2009. Table IB.
(xii) ASTM D1067-06, Standard Test Methods for Acidity or
Alkalinity of Water. January 2007. Table IB.
[[Page 29803]]
(xiii) ASTM D1068-05\E1\, Standard Test Methods for Iron in Water.
July 2005. Table IB.
(xiv) ASTM D1125-95 (Reapproved 1999), Standard Test Methods for
Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity of Water. December 1995. Table
IB.
(xv) ASTM D1126-02 (Reapproved 2007)\E1\, Standard Test Method for
Hardness in Water. August 2007. Table IB.
(xvi) ASTM D1179-04, Standard Test Methods for Fluoride Ion in
Water. July 2004. Table IB.
(xvii) ASTM D1246-05, Standard Test Method for Bromide Ion in
Water. February 2005. Table IB.
(xviii) ASTM D1252-06, Standard Test Methods for Chemical Oxygen
Demand (Dichromate Oxygen Demand) of Water. February 2006. Table IB.
(xix) ASTM D1253-08, Standard Test Method for Residual Chlorine in
Water. October 2008. Table IB.
(xx) ASTM D1293-99, Standard Test Methods for pH of Water. March
2000. Table IB.
(xxi) ASTM D1426-08, Standard Test Methods for Ammonia Nitrogen in
Water. September 2008. Table IB.
(xxii) ASTM D1687-02 (Reapproved 2007)\E1\, Standard Test Methods
for Chromium in Water. August 2007. Table IB.
(xxiii) ASTM D1688-07, Standard Test Methods for Copper in Water.
August 2007. Table IB.
(xxiv) ASTM D1691-02 (Reapproved 2007)\E1\, Standard Test Methods
for Zinc in Water. August 2007. Table IB.
(xxv) ASTM D1783-01 (Reapproved 2007), Standard Test Methods for
Phenolic Compounds in Water. January 2008). Table IB.
(xxvi) ASTM D1886-08, Standard Test Methods for Nickel in Water.
October 2008. Table IB.
(xxvii) ASTM D1889-00, Standard Test Method for Turbidity of Water.
October 2000. Table IB.
(xxviii) ASTM D1890-96, Standard Test Method for Beta Particle
Radioactivity of Water. April 1996. Table IE.
(xxix) ASTM D1943-96, Standard Test Method for Alpha Particle
Radioactivity of Water. April 1996. Table IE.
(xxx) ASTM D1976-07, Standard Test Method for Elements in Water by
Inductively-Coupled Argon Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy. August
2007. Table IB.
(xxxi) ASTM D2036-09, Standard Test Methods for Cyanides in Water.
October 2009. Table IB.
(xxxii) ASTM D2330-02, Standard Test Method for Methylene Blue
Active Substances. August 2002. Table IB.
(xxxiii) ASTM D2460-97, Standard Test Method for Alpha-Particle-
Emitting Isotopes of Radium in Water. October 1997. Table IE.
(xxxiv) ASTM D2972-08, Standard Tests Method for Arsenic in Water.
October 2008. Table IB.
(xxxv) ASTM D3223-02 (Reapproved 2007)\E1\, Standard Test Method
for Total Mercury in Water. August 2007. Table IB.
(xxxvi) ASTM D3371-95, Standard Test Method for Nitriles in Aqueous
Solution by Gas-Liquid Chromatography, February 1996. Table IF.
(xxxvii) ASTM D3373-03 (Reapproved 2007)\E1\, Standard Test Method
for Vanadium in Water. September 2007. Table IB.
(xxxviii) ASTM D3454-97, Standard Test Method for Radium-226 in
Water. February 1998. Table IE.
(xxxix) ASTM D3557-02 (Reapproved 2007)\E1\, Standard Test Method
for Cadmium in Water. September 2007. Table IB.
(xl) ASTM D3558-08, Standard Test Method for Cobalt in Water.
November 2008. Table IB.
(xli) ASTM D3559-08, Standard Test Methods for Lead in Water.
October 2008. Table IB.
(xlii) ASTM D3590-02 (Reapproved 2006), Standard Test Methods for
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen in Water. February 2007. Table IB.
(xliii) ASTM D3645-08, Standard Test Methods for Beryllium in
Water. October 2008. Table IB.
(xliv) ASTM D3695-95, Standard Test Method for Volatile Alcohols in
Water by Direct Aqueous-Injection Gas Chromatography. April 1995. Table
IF.
(xlv) ASTM D3859-08, Standard Test Methods for Selenium in Water.
October 2008. Table IB.
(xlvi) ASTM D3867-04, Standard Test Method for Nitrite-Nitrate in
Water. July 2004. Table IB.
(xlvii) ASTM D4190-08, Standard Test Method for Elements in Water
by Direct-Current Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy. October 2008.
Table IB.
(xlviii) ASTM D4282-02, Standard Test Method for Determination of
Free Cyanide in Water and Wastewater by Microdiffusion. August 2002.
Table IB.
(xlix) ASTM D4327-03, Standard Test Method for Anions in Water by
Chemically Suppressed Ion Chromatography. January 2003. Table IB.
(l) ASTM D4382-02 (Reapproved 2007)\E1\, Standard Test Method for
Barium in Water, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, Graphite Furnace.
September 2007. Table IB.
(li) ASTM D4657-92 (Reapproved 1998), Standard Test Method for
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water. January 1993. Table IC.
(lii) ASTM D4658-08, Standard Test Method for Sulfide Ion in Water.
August 2008. Table IB.
(liii) ASTM D4763-88 (Reapproved 2001), Standard Practice for
Identification of Chemicals in Water by Fluorescence Spectroscopy.
September 1988. Table IF.
(liv) ASTM D4839-03, Standard Test Method for Total Carbon and
Organic Carbon in Water by Ultraviolet, or Persulfate Oxidation, or
Both, and Infrared Detection. January 2003. Table IB.
(lv) ASTM D5257-03, Standard Test Method for Dissolved Hexavalent
Chromium in Water by Ion Chromatography. January 2003. Table IB.
(lvi) ASTM D5259-92, Standard Test Method for Isolation and
Enumeration of Enterococci from Water by the Membrane Filter Procedure.
October 1992. Table IH, Note 9.
(lvii) ASTM D5392-93, Standard Test Method for Isolation and
Enumeration of Escherichia coli in Water by the Two-Step Membrane
Filter Procedure. September 1993. Table IH, Note 9.
(lviii) ASTM D5673-05, Standard Test Method for Elements in Water
by Inductively Coupled Plasma--Mass Spectrometry. July 2005. Table IB.
(lix) ASTM D5907-03, Standard Test Method for Filterable and
Nonfilterable Matter in Water. July 2003. Table IB.
(lx) ASTM D6503-99, Standard Test Method for Enterococci in Water
Using Enterolert. April 2000. Table IA Note 9, Table IH, Note 9.
(lxi) ASTM. D6508-00 (Reapproved 2005)\E2\, Standard Test Method
for Determination of Dissolved Inorganic Anions in Aqueous Matrices
Using Capillary Ion Electrophoresis and Chromate Electrolyte. April
2005. Table IB.
(lxii) ASTM. D6888-09, Standard Test Method for Available Cyanide
with Ligand Displacement and Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) Utilizing
Gas Diffusion Separation and Amperometric Detection. October 2009.
Table IB, Note 59.
(lxiii) ASTM. D6919-09, Standard Test Method for Determination of
Dissolved Alkali and Alkaline Earth Cations and Ammonium in Water and
Wastewater by Ion Chromatography. May 2009. Table IB.
(lxiv) ASTM. D7065-06, Standard Test Method for Determination of
Nonylphenol, Bisphenol A, p-tert-Octylphenol, Nonylphenol
Monoethoxylate and Nonylphenol Diethoxylate in Environmental Waters
[[Page 29804]]
by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. January 2007. Table IC.
(lxv) ASTM. D7237-10, Standard Test Method for Free Cyanide with
Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) Utilizing Gas Diffusion Separation and
Amperometric Detection. June 2010. Table IB.
(lxvi) ASTM. D7284-08, Standard Test Method for Total Cyanide in
Water by Micro Distillation followed by Flow Injection Analysis with
Gas Diffusion Separation and Amperometric Detection. April 2008). Table
IB.
(lxvii) ASTM. D7365-09a, Standard Practice for Sampling,
Preservation, and Mitigating Interferences in Water Samples for
Analysis of Cyanide. October 2009. Table II, Notes 5 and 6.
(lxviii) ASTM. D7511-09\E2\, Standard Test Method for Total Cyanide
by Segmented Flow Injection Analysis, In-Line Ultraviolet Digestion and
Amperometric Detection. March 2009. Table IB.
(lxix) ASTM. D7573-09, Standard Test Method for Total Carbon and
Organic Carbon in Water by High Temperature Catalytic Combustion and
Infrared Detection. November 2009. Table IB.
(16) Bran & Luebbe Analyzing Technologies, Inc., Elmsford NY 10523.
(i) Industrial Method Number 378-75WA, Hydrogen Ion (pH) Automated
Electrode Method, Bran & Luebbe (Technicon) Auto Analyzer II. October
1976. Table IB, Note 21.
(ii) [Reserved]
(17) CEM Corporation, P.O. Box 200, Matthews NC 28106-0200.
(i) Closed Vessel Microwave Digestion of Wastewater Samples for
Determination of Metals. April 16, 1992. Table IB, Note 36.
(ii) [Reserved]
(18) Craig R. Chinchilla, 900 Jorie Blvd., Suite 35, Oak Brook IL
60523. Telephone: 630-645-0600.
(i) Nitrate by Discrete Analysis Easy (1-Reagent) Nitrate Method,
(Colorimetric, Automated, 1 Reagent). Revision 1, November 12, 2011.
Table IB, Note 62.
(ii) [Reserved]
(19) Hach Company, P.O. Box 389, Loveland CO 80537.
(i) Method 8000, Chemical Oxygen Demand. Hach Handbook of Water
Analysis. 1979. Table IB, Note 14.
(ii) Method 8008, 1,10-Phenanthroline Method using FerroVer Iron
Reagent for Water. 1980. Table IB, Note 22.
(iii) Method 8009, Zincon Method for Zinc. Hach Handbook for Water
Analysis. 1979. Table IB, Note 33.
(iv) Method 8034, Periodate Oxidation Method for Manganese. Hach
Handbook for Water Analysis. 1979. Table IB, Note 23.
(v) Method 8506, Bicinchoninate Method for Copper. Hach Handbook of
Water Analysis. 1979. Table IB, Note 19.
(vi) Method 8507, Nitrogen, Nitrite--Low Range, Diazotization
Method for Water and Wastewater. 1979. Table IB, Note 25.
(vii) Hach Method 10360, Luminescence Measurement of Dissolved
Oxygen in Water and Wastewater and for Use in the Determination of
BOD5 and cBOD5. Revision 1.2, October 2011. Table
IB, Note 63.
(viii) m-ColiBlue24[supreg] Method, for total Coliforms and E.
coli. Revision 2, 1999. Table IA, Note 18; Table IH, Note 17.
(20) IDEXX Laboratories Inc., One Idexx Drive, Westbrook ME 04092.
(i) Colilert[supreg] Method. 2002. Table IA, Notes 17 and 18; Table
IH, Notes 14, 15 and 16.
(ii) Colilert-18[supreg] Method. 2002. Table IA, Notes 17 and 18;
Table IH, Notes 14, 15 and 16.
(iii) Enterolert[supreg] Method. 2002. Table IA, Note 24; Table IH,
Note 12.
(iv) Quanti-Tray[supreg] Method. 2002. Table IA, Note 18; Table IH,
Notes 14 and 16.
(v) Quanti-Tray[supreg]/2000 Method. 2002. Table IA, Note 18; Table
IH, Notes 14 and 16.
(21) In-Situ Incorporated, 221 E. Lincoln Ave., Ft. Collins CO
80524. Telephone: 970-498-1500.
(i) In-Situ Inc. Method 1002-8-2009, Dissolved Oxygen Measurement
by Optical Probe. 2009. Table IB, Note 64.
(ii) In-Situ Inc. Method 1003-8-2009, Biochemical Oxygen Demand
(BOD) Measurement by Optical Probe. 2009. Table IB, Note 10.
(iii) In-Situ Inc. Method 1004-8-2009, Carbonaceous Biochemical
Oxygen Demand (CBOD) Measurement by Optical Probe. 2009. Table IB, Note
35.
(22) Journal of Chromatography, Elsevier/North-Holland, Inc.,
Journal Information Centre, 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York NY 10164.
(Also available from most public libraries.
(i) Direct Determination of Elemental Phosphorus by Gas-Liquid
Chromatography. Addison, R.F. and R.G. Ackman. 47(3): 421-426, 1970.
Table IB, Note 28.
(ii) [Reserved]
(23) Lachat Instruments, 6645 W. Mill Road, Milwaukee WI 53218,
Telephone: 414-358-4200.
(i) QuikChem Method 10-204-00-1-X, Digestion and Distillation of
Total Cyanide in Drinking and Wastewaters using MICRO DIST and
Determination of Cyanide by Flow Injection Analysis. Revision 2.2,
March 2005. Table IB, Note 56.
(ii) [Reserved]
(24) Leck Mitchell, Ph.D., P.E., 656 Independence Valley Dr., Grand
Junction CO 81507. Telephone: 970-244-8661.
(i) Mitchell Method M5271, Determination of Turbidity by
Nephelometry. Revision 1.0, July 31, 2008. Table IB, Note 66.
(ii) Mitchell Method M5331, Determination of Turbidity by
Nephelometry. Revision 1.0, July 31, 2008. Table IB, Note 65.
(25) National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream
Improvements, Inc. (NCASI), 260 Madison Avenue, New York NY 10016.
(i) NCASI Technical Bulletin No. 253, An Investigation of Improved
Procedures for Measurement of Mill Effluent and Receiving Water Color.
December 1971. Table IB, Note 18.
(ii) [Reserved]
(26) Oceanography International Corporation, 512 West Loop, P.O.
Box 2980, College Station TX 77840.
(i) OIC Chemical Oxygen Demand Method. 1978. Table IB, Note 13.
(ii) [Reserved]
(27) OI Analytical, Box 9010, College Station TX 77820-9010.
(i) Method OIA-1677-09, Available Cyanide by Ligand Exchange and
Flow Injection Analysis (FIA). Copyright 2010. Table IB, Note 59.
(ii) Method PAI-DK01, Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl, Block Digestion,
Steam Distillation, Titrimetric Detection. Revised December 22, 1994.
Table IB, Note 39.
(iii) Method PAI-DK02, Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl, Block Digestion,
Steam Distillation, Colorimetric Detection. Revised December 22, 1994.
Table IB, Note 40.
(iv) Method PAI-DK03, Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl, Block Digestion,
Automated FIA Gas Diffusion. Revised December 22, 1994. Table IB, Note
41.
(28) ORION Research Corporation, 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02138.
(i) ORION Research Instruction Manual, Residual Chlorine Electrode
Model 97-70. 1977. Table IB, Note 16.
(ii) [Reserved]
(29) Technicon Industrial Systems, Tarrytown NY 10591.
(i) Industrial Method Number 379-75WE Ammonia, Automated Electrode
Method, Technicon Auto Analyzer II. February 19, 1976. Table IB, Note
7.
(ii) [Reserved]
(30) Thermo Jarrell Ash Corporation, 27 Forge Parkway, Franklin MA
02038.
(i) Method AES0029. Direct Current Plasma (DCP) Optical Emission
Spectrometric Method for Trace Elemental Analysis of Water and Wastes.
1986, Revised 1991. Table IB, Note 34.
[[Page 29805]]
(ii) [Reserved]
(31) Thermo Scientific, 166 Cummings Center, Beverly MA 01915.
Telephone: 1-800-225-1480. www.thermoscientific.com.
(i) Thermo Scientific Orion Method AQ4500, Determination of
Turbidity by Nephelometry. Revision 5, March 12, 2009. Table IB, Note
67.
(ii) [Reserved]
(32) 3M Corporation, 3M Center Building 220-9E-10, St. Paul MN
55144-1000.
(i) Organochlorine Pesticides and PCBs in Wastewater Using
Empore\TM\ Disk'' Test Method 3M 0222. Revised October 28, 1994. Table
IC, Note 8; Table ID, Note 8.
(ii) [Reserved]
(33) U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), U.S. Department of the
Interior, Reston, Virginia. Available from USGS Books and Open-File
Reports (OFR) Section, Federal Center, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225.
(i) OFR 76-177, Selected Methods of the U.S. Geological Survey of
Analysis of Wastewaters. 1976. Table IE, Note 2.
(ii) OFR 91-519, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey
National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Organonitrogen
Herbicides in Water by Solid-Phase Extraction and Capillary-Column Gas
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry With Selected-Ion Monitoring. 1992.
Table ID, Note 14.
(iii) OFR 92-146, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey
National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Total Phosphorus by
a Kjeldahl Digestion Method and an Automated Colorimetric Finish That
Includes Dialysis. 1992. Table IB, Note 48.
(iv) OFR 93-125, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey
National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Inorganic and
Organic Constituents in Water and Fluvial Sediments. 1993. Table IB,
Note 51; Table IC, Note 9.
(v) OFR 93-449, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey
National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Chromium in Water
by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. 1993. Table
IB, Note 46.
(vi) OFR 94-37, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey
National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Triazine and Other
Nitrogen-containing Compounds by Gas Chromatography with Nitrogen
Phosphorus Detectors. 1994. Table ID, Note 9.
(vii) OFR 95-181, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey
National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Pesticides in Water
by C-18 Solid-Phase Extraction and Capillary-Column Gas Chromatography/
Mass Spectrometry With Selected-Ion Monitoring. 1995. Table ID, Note
11.
(viii) OFR 97-198, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological
Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Molybdenum
in Water by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. 1997.
Table IB, Note 47.
(ix) OFR 98-165, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey
National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Elements in Whole-
Water Digests Using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission
Spectrometry and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. 1998.
Table IB, Note 50.
(x) OFR 98-639, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey
National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Arsenic and
Selenium in Water and Sediment by Graphite Furnace--Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry. 1999. Table IB, Note 49.
(xi) OFR 00-170, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey
National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Ammonium Plus
Organic Nitrogen by a Kjeldahl Digestion Method and an Automated
Photometric Finish that Includes Digest Cleanup by Gas Diffusion. 2000.
Table IB, Note 45.
(xii) Water-Resources Investigation Report 01-4098, Methods of
Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality
Laboratory--Determination of Moderate-Use Pesticides and Selected
Degradates in Water by C-18 Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. 2001. Table ID, Note 13.
(xiii) Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4132, Methods of
Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality
Laboratory--Determination of Organic Plus Inorganic Mercury in Filtered
and Unfiltered Natural Water With Cold Vapor-Atomic Fluorescence
Spectrometry. 2001. Table IB, Note 71.
(xiv) Water-Resources Investigation Report 01-4134, Methods of
Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality
Laboratory--Determination of Pesticides in Water by Graphitized Carbon-
Based Solid-Phase Extraction and High-Performance Liquid
Chormatography/Mass Spectrometry. 2001. Table ID, Note 12.
(xv) Methods for Determination of Inorganic Substances in Water and
Fluvial Sediments, editors, Techniques of Water-Resources
Investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey, Book 5, Chapter A1. 1979.
Table IB, Note 8.
(xvi) Methods for Determination of Inorganic Substances in Water
and Fluvial Sediments, Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations of
the U.S. Geological Survey, Book 5, Chapter A1. 1989. Table IB, Note 2.
(xvii) Methods for the Determination of Organic Substances in Water
and Fluvial Sediments. Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations of
the U.S. Geological Survey, Book 5, Chapter A3. 1987. Table IB, Note
24; Table ID, Note 4.
(xviii) Techniques and Methods Book 5-B1, Determination of Elements
in Natural-Water, Biota, Sediment and Soil Samples Using Collision/
Reaction Cell Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. Chapter 1,
Section B, Methods of the National Water Quality Laboratory, Book 5,
Laboratory Analysis. 2006. Table IB, Note 70.
(xix) U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources
Investigations, Book 5, Laboratory Analysis, Chapter A4, Methods for
Collection and Analysis of Aquatic Biological and Microbiological
Samples. 1989. Table IA, Note 4; Table IH, Note 4.
(xx) Water Temperature--Influential Factors, Field Measurement and
Data Presentation, Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations of the
U.S. Geological Survey, Book 1, Chapter D1. 1975. Table IB, Note 32.
(34) Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford MA 01757,
Telephone: 508-482-2131, Fax: 508-482-3625.
(i) Method D6508, Test Method for Determination of Dissolved
Inorganic Anions in Aqueous Matrices Using Capillary Ion
Electrophoresis and Chromate Electrolyte. Revision 2, December 2000.
Table IB, Note 54.
(ii) [Reserved]
* * * * *
(e) Sample preservation procedures, container materials, and
maximum allowable holding times for parameters are cited in Tables IA,
IB, IC, ID, IE, IF, IG, and IH are prescribed in Table II. Information
in the table takes precedence over information in specific methods or
elsewhere. Any person may apply for a change from the prescribed
preservation techniques, container materials, and maximum holding times
applicable to samples taken from a specific discharge. Applications for
such limited use changes may be made by letters to the Regional
Alternative Test Procedure (ATP) Program Coordinator or the permitting
authority in the Region in which the discharge will occur. Sufficient
data should be
[[Page 29806]]
provided to assure such changes in sample preservation, containers or
holding times do not adversely affect the integrity of the sample. The
Regional ATP Coordinator or permitting authority will review the
application and then notify the applicant and the appropriate State
agency of approval or rejection of the use of the alternate test
procedure. A decision to approve or deny any request on deviations from
the prescribed Table II requirements will be made within 90 days of
receipt of the application by the Regional Administrator. An analyst
may not modify any sample preservation and/or holding time requirements
of an approved method unless the requirements of this section are met.
Table II--Required Containers, Preservation Techniques, and Holding Times
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maximum holding time
Parameter number/name Container \1\ Preservation \2,3\ \4\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table IA--Bacterial Tests:
1-5. Coliform, total, fecal, and PA, G.................. Cool, <10 [deg]C, 8 hours.22,23
E. coli. 0.0008% Na2S2O3\ 5\.
6. Fecal streptococci............ PA, G.................. Cool, <10 [deg]C, 8 hours.\22\
0.0008% Na2S2O3\ 5\.
7. Enterococci................... PA, G.................. Cool, <10 [deg]C, 8 hours.\22\
0.0008% Na2S2O3\ 5\.
8. Salmonella.................... PA, G.................. Cool, <10 [deg]C, 8 hours.\22\
0.0008% Na2S2O3\ 5\.
Table IA--Aquatic Toxicity Tests:
9-12. Toxicity, acute and chronic P, FP, G............... Cool, <=6 [deg]C \16\.. 36 hours.
Table IB--Inorganic Tests:
1. Acidity....................... P, FP, G............... Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\.. 14 days.
2. Alkalinity.................... P, FP, G............... Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\.. 14 days.
4. Ammonia....................... P, FP, G............... Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\, 28 days.
H2SO4 to pH <2.
9. Biochemical oxygen demand..... P, FP, G............... Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\.. 48 hours.
10. Boron........................ P, FP, or Quartz....... HNO3 to pH <2.......... 6 months.
11. Bromide...................... P, FP, G............... None required.......... 28 days.
14. Biochemical oxygen demand, P, FP G................ Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\.. 48 hours.
carbonaceous.
15. Chemical oxygen demand....... P, FP, G............... Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\, 28 days.
H2SO4 to pH <2.
16. Chloride..................... P, FP, G............... None required.......... 28 days.
17. Chlorine, total residual..... P, G................... None required.......... Analyze within 15
minutes.
21. Color........................ P, FP, G............... Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\.. 48 hours.
23-24. Cyanide, total or P, FP, G............... Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\, 14 days.
available (or CATC) and free. NaOH to pH >10 5,6,
reducing agent if
oxidizer present.
25. Fluoride..................... P...................... None required.......... 28 days.
27. Hardness..................... P, FP, G............... HNO3 or H2SO4 to pH <2. 6 months.
28. Hydrogen ion (pH)............ P, FP, G............... None required.......... Analyze within 15
minutes.
31, 43. Kjeldahl and organic N... P, FP, G............... Cool, <=6 [deg]C\18\, 28 days.
H2SO4 to pH <2.
Table IB--Metals: \7\
18. Chromium VI.................. P, FP, G............... Cool, <=6 [deg]C\18\, 28 days.
pH = 9.3-9.7 \20\.
35. Mercury (CVAA)............... P, FP, G............... HNO3 to pH <2.......... 28 days.
35. Mercury (CVAFS).............. FP, G; and FP-lined cap 5 mL/L 12N HCl or 5 mL/ 90 days.\17\
\17\. L BrCl \17\.
3, 5-8, 12, 13, 19, 20, 22, 26, P, FP, G............... HNO3 to pH <2, or at 6 months.
29, 30, 32-34, 36, 37, 45, 47, least 24 hours prior
51, 52, 58-60, 62, 63, 70-72, to analysis \19\.
74, 75. Metals, except boron,
chromium VI, and mercury.
38. Nitrate...................... P, FP, G............... Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\.. 48 hours.
39. Nitrate-nitrite.............. P, FP, G............... Cool, <=6 [deg]C\18\, 28 days.
H2SO4 to pH <2.
40. Nitrite...................... P, FP, G............... Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\.. 48 hours.
41. Oil and grease............... G...................... Cool to <=6 [deg]C\18\, 28 days.
HCl or H2SO4 to pH <2.
42. Organic Carbon............... P, FP, G............... Cool to <=6 [deg]C 28 days.
\18\, HCl, H2SO4, or
H3PO4 to pH <2.
44. Orthophosphate............... P, FP, G............... Cool, to <=6 [deg]C Filter within 15
\18,24\. minutes; Analyze
within 48 hours.
46. Oxygen, Dissolved Probe...... G, Bottle and top...... None required.......... Analyze within 15
minutes.
47. Winkler...................... G, Bottle and top...... Fix on site and store 8 hours.
in dark.
48. Phenols...................... G...................... Cool, <=6 [deg]C\18\, 28 days.
H2SO4 to pH <2.
49. Phosphorous (elemental)...... G...................... Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\.. 48 hours.
50. Phosphorous, total........... P, FP, G............... Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\, 28 days.
H2SO4 to pH <2.
53. Residue, total............... P, FP, G............... Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\.. 7 days.
54. Residue, Filterable.......... P, FP, G............... Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\.. 7 days.
[[Page 29807]]
55. Residue, Nonfilterable (TSS). P, FP, G............... Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\.. 7 days.
56. Residue, Settleable.......... P, FP, G............... Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\.. 48 hours.
57. Residue, Volatile............ P, FP, G............... Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\.. 7 days.
61. Silica....................... P or Quartz............ Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\.. 28 days.
64. Specific conductance......... P, FP, G............... Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\.. 28 days.
65. Sulfate...................... P, FP, G............... Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\.. 28 days.
66. Sulfide...................... P, FP, G............... Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\, 7 days.
add zinc acetate plus
sodium hydroxide to pH
>9.
67. Sulfite...................... P, FP, G............... None required.......... Analyze within 15
minutes.
68. Surfactants.................. P, FP, G............... Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\.. 48 hours.
69. Temperature.................. P, FP, G............... None required.......... Analyze.
73. Turbidity.................... P, FP, G............... Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\.. 48 hours.
Table IC--Organic Tests: \8\
13, 18-20, 22, 24-28, 34-37, 39- G, FP-lined septum..... Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\, 14 days.
43, 45-47, 56, 76, 104, 105, 108- 0.008% Na2S2O3\5\.
111, 113. Purgeable Halocarbons.
6, 57, 106. Purgeable aromatic G, FP-lined septum..... Cool, <=6 [deg]C\18\, 14 days.\9\
hydrocarbons. 0.008% Na2S2O3\ 5\,
HCl to pH 2 \9\.
3, 4. Acrolein and acrylonitrile. G, FP-lined septum..... Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\, 14 days.\10\
0.008% Na2S2O3, pH to
4-5\10\.
23, 30, 44, 49, 53, 77, 80, 81, G, FP-lined cap........ Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\, 7 days until
98, 100, 112. Phenols \11\. 0.008% Na2S2O3. extraction, 40 days
after extraction.
7, 38. Benzidines 11,12.......... G, FP-lined cap........ Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\, 7 days until
0.008% Na2S2O3\5\. extraction.\13\
14, 17, 48, 50-52. Phthalate G, FP-lined cap........ Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\.. 7 days until
esters \11\. extraction, 40 days
after extraction.
82-84. Nitrosamines 11,14........ G, FP-lined cap........ Cool, <=6 [deg]C\18\, 7 days until
store in dark, 0.008% extraction, 40 days
Na2S2O3\5\. after extraction.
88-94. PCBs \11\................. G, FP-lined cap........ Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\.. 1 year until
extraction, 1 year
after extraction.
54, 55, 75, 79. Nitroaromatics G, FP-lined cap........ Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\, 7 days until
and isophorone \11\. store in dark, 0.008% extraction, 40 days
Na2S2O3\5\. after extraction.
1, 2, 5, 8-12, 32, 33, 58, 59, G, FP-lined cap........ Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\, 7 days until
74, 78, 99, 101. Polynuclear store in dark, 0.008% extraction, 40 days
aromatic hydrocarbons \11\. Na2S2O3\5\. after extraction.
15, 16, 21, 31, 87. Haloethers G, FP-lined cap........ Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\, 7 days until
\11\. 0.008% Na2S2O3\5\. extraction, 40 days
after extraction.
29, 35-37, 63-65, 107. G, FP-lined cap........ Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\.. 7 days until
Chlorinated hydrocarbons \11\. extraction, 40 days
after extraction.
60-62, 66-72, 85, 86, 95-97, 102, .......................
103. CDDs/CDFs \11\.
Aqueous Samples: Field and Lab G...................... Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\, 1 year.
Preservation. 0.008% Na2S2O3\5\, pH
<9.
Solids and Mixed-Phase Samples: G...................... Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\.. 7 days.
Field Preservation.
Tissue Samples: Field G...................... Cool, <=6 [deg]C \18\.. 24 hours.
Preservation.
Solids, Mixed-Phase, and Tissue G...................... Freeze, <= -10 [deg]C.. 1 year.
Samples: Lab Preservation.
114-118. Alkylated phenols....... G...................... Cool, <6 [deg]C, H2SO4 28 days until
to pH <2. extraction, 40 days
after extraction.
119. Adsorbable Organic Halides G...................... Cool, <6 [deg]C, 0.008% Hold at least 3 days,
(AOX). Na2S2O3 HNO3 to pH <2. but not more than 6
months.
120. Chlorinated Phenolics....... ....................... Cool, <6 [deg]C, 0.008% 30 days until
Na2S2O3 H2SO4 to pH <2. acetylation, 30 days
after acetylation.
Table ID--Pesticides Tests:
1-70. Pesticides \11\............ G, FP-lined cap........ Cool, <=6 [deg]C\18\, 7 days until
pH 5-9-\15\. extraction, 40 days
after extraction.
Table IE--Radiological Tests:
1-5. Alpha, beta, and radium..... P, FP, G............... HNO3 to pH <2.......... 6 months.
Table IH--Bacterial Tests:
1. E. coli....................... PA, G.................. Cool, <10 [deg]C, 8 hours.\22\
0.0008% Na2S2O3\5\.
2. Enterococci................... PA, G.................. Cool, <10 [deg]C, 8 hours.\22\
0.0008% Na2S2O3\ 5\.
Table IH--Protozoan Tests: .......................
8. Cryptosporidium............... LDPE; field filtration. 1-10 [deg]C............ 96 hours.\21\
9. Giardia....................... LDPE; field filtration. 1-10 [deg]C............ 96 hours.\21\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ ``P'' is for polyethylene; ``FP'' is fluoropolymer (polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); Teflon[supreg]), or
other fluoropolymer, unless stated otherwise in this Table II; ``G'' is glass; ``PA'' is any plastic that is
made of a sterilizable material (polypropylene or other autoclavable plastic); ``LDPE'' is low density
polyethylene.
[[Page 29808]]
\2\ Except where noted in this Table II and the method for the parameter, preserve each grab sample within 15
minutes of collection. For a composite sample collected with an automated sample (e.g., using a 24-hour
composite sample; see 40 CFR 122.21(g)(7)(i) or 40 CFR Part 403, Appendix E), refrigerate the sample at <= 6
[deg]C during collection unless specified otherwise in this Table II or in the method(s). For a composite
sample to be split into separate aliquots for preservation and/or analysis, maintain the sample at <= 6
[deg]C, unless specified otherwise in this Table II or in the method(s), until collection, splitting, and
preservation is completed. Add the preservative to the sample container prior to sample collection when the
preservative will not compromise the integrity of a grab sample, a composite sample, or aliquot split from a
composite sample within 15 minutes of collection. If a composite measurement is required but a composite
sample would compromise sample integrity, individual grab samples must be collected at prescribed time
intervals (e.g., 4 samples over the course of a day, at 6-hour intervals). Grab samples must be analyzed
separately and the concentrations averaged. Alternatively, grab samples may be collected in the field and
composited in the laboratory if the compositing procedure produces results equivalent to results produced by
arithmetic averaging of results of analysis of individual grab samples. For examples of laboratory compositing
procedures, see EPA Method 1664 Rev. A (oil and grease) and the procedures at 40 CFR 141.34(f)(14)(iv) and (v)
(volatile organics).
\3\ When any sample is to be shipped by common carrier or sent via the U.S. Postal Service, it must comply with
the Department of Transportation Hazardous Materials Regulations (49 CFR part 172). The person offering such
material for transportation is responsible for ensuring such compliance. For the preservation requirement of
Table II, the Office of Hazardous Materials, Materials Transportation Bureau, Department of Transportation has
determined that the Hazardous Materials Regulations do not apply to the following materials: Hydrochloric acid
(HCl) in water solutions at concentrations of 0.04% by weight or less (pH about 1.96 or greater; Nitric acid
(HNO3) in water solutions at concentrations of 0.15% by weight or less (pH about 1.62 or greater); Sulfuric
acid (H2SO4) in water solutions at concentrations of 0.35% by weight or less (pH about 1.15 or greater); and
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in water solutions at concentrations of 0.080% by weight or less (pH about 12.30 or
less).
\4\ Samples should be analyzed as soon as possible after collection. The times listed are the maximum times that
samples may be held before the start of analysis and still be considered valid. Samples may be held for longer
periods only if the permittee or monitoring laboratory has data on file to show that, for the specific types
of samples under study, the analytes are stable for the longer time, and has received a variance from the
Regional Administrator under Sec. 136.3(e). For a grab sample, the holding time begins at the time of
collection. For a composite sample collected with an automated sampler (e.g., using a 24-hour composite
sampler; see 40 CFR 122.21(g)(7)(i) or 40 CFR part 403, Appendix E), the holding time begins at the time of
the end of collection of the composite sample. For a set of grab samples composited in the field or
laboratory, the holding time begins at the time of collection of the last grab sample in the set. Some samples
may not be stable for the maximum time period given in the table. A permittee or monitoring laboratory is
obligated to hold the sample for a shorter time if it knows that a shorter time is necessary to maintain
sample stability. See 136.3(e) for details. The date and time of collection of an individual grab sample is
the date and time at which the sample is collected. For a set of grab samples to be composited, and that are
all collected on the same calendar date, the date of collection is the date on which the samples are
collected. For a set of grab samples to be composited, and that are collected across two calendar dates, the
date of collection is the dates of the two days; e.g., November 14-15. For a composite sample collected
automatically on a given date, the date of collection is the date on which the sample is collected. For a
composite sample collected automatically, and that is collected across two calendar dates, the date of
collection is the dates of the two days; e.g., November 14-15. For static-renewal toxicity tests, each grab or
composite sample may also be used to prepare test solutions for renewal at 24 h, 48 h, and/or 72 h after first
use, if stored at 0-6 [deg]C, with minimum head space.
\5\ ASTM D7365-09a specifies treatment options for samples containing oxidants (e.g., chlorine). Also, Section
9060A of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (20th and 21st editions) addresses
dechlorination procedures.
\6\ Sampling, preservation and mitigating interferences in water samples for analysis of cyanide are described
in ASTM D7365-09a. There may be interferences that are not mitigated by the analytical test methods or D7365-
09a. Any technique for removal or suppression of interference may be employed, provided the laboratory
demonstrates that it more accurately measures cyanide through quality control measures described in the
analytical test method. Any removal or suppression technique not described in D7365-09a or the analytical test
method must be documented along with supporting data.
\7\ For dissolved metals, filter grab samples within 15 minutes of collection and before adding preservatives.
For a composite sample collected with an automated sampler (e.g., using a 24-hour composite sampler; see 40
CFR 122.21(g)(7)(i) or 40 CFR Part 403, Appendix E), filter the sample within 15 minutes after completion of
collection and before adding preservatives. If it is known or suspected that dissolved sample integrity will
be compromised during collection of a composite sample collected automatically over time (e.g., by interchange
of a metal between dissolved and suspended forms), collect and filter grab samples to be composited (footnote
2) in place of a composite sample collected automatically.
\8\ Guidance applies to samples to be analyzed by GC, LC, or GC/MS for specific compounds.
\9\ If the sample is not adjusted to pH 2, then the sample must be analyzed within seven days of sampling.
\10\ The pH adjustment is not required if acrolein will not be measured. Samples for acrolein receiving no pH
adjustment must be analyzed within 3 days of sampling.
\11\ When the extractable analytes of concern fall within a single chemical category, the specified preservative
and maximum holding times should be observed for optimum safeguard of sample integrity (i.e., use all
necessary preservatives and hold for the shortest time listed). When the analytes of concern fall within two
or more chemical categories, the sample may be preserved by cooling to <= 6 [deg]C, reducing residual chlorine
with 0.008% sodium thiosulfate, storing in the dark, and adjusting the pH to 6-9; samples preserved in this
manner may be held for seven days before extraction and for forty days after extraction. Exceptions to this
optional preservation and holding time procedure are noted in footnote 5 (regarding the requirement for
thiosulfate reduction), and footnotes 12, 13 (regarding the analysis of benzidine).
\12\ If 1,2-diphenylhydrazine is likely to be present, adjust the pH of the sample to 4.0 0.2 to
prevent rearrangement to benzidine.
\13\ Extracts may be stored up to 30 days at < 0 [deg]C.
\14\ For the analysis of diphenylnitrosamine, add 0.008% Na2S2O3 and adjust pH to 7-10 with NaOH within 24 hours
of sampling.
\15\ The pH adjustment may be performed upon receipt at the laboratory and may be omitted if the samples are
extracted within 72 hours of collection. For the analysis of aldrin, add 0.008% Na2S2O3.
\16\ Place sufficient ice with the samples in the shipping container to ensure that ice is still present when
the samples arrive at the laboratory. However, even if ice is present when the samples arrive, immediately
measure the temperature of the samples and confirm that the preservation temperature maximum has not been
exceeded. In the isolated cases where it can be documented that this holding temperature cannot be met, the
permittee can be given the option of on-site testing or can request a variance. The request for a variance
should include supportive data which show that the toxicity of the effluent samples is not reduced because of
the increased holding temperature. Aqueous samples must not be frozen. Hand-delivered samples used on the day
of collection do not need to be cooled to 0 to 6 [deg]C prior to test initiation.
\17\ Samples collected for the determination of trace level mercury (<100 ng/L) using EPA Method 1631 must be
collected in tightly-capped fluoropolymer or glass bottles and preserved with BrCl or HCl solution within 48
hours of sample collection. The time to preservation may be extended to 28 days if a sample is oxidized in the
sample bottle. A sample collected for dissolved trace level mercury should be filtered in the laboratory
within 24 hours of the time of collection. However, if circumstances preclude overnight shipment, the sample
should be filtered in a designated clean area in the field in accordance with procedures given in Method 1669.
If sample integrity will not be maintained by shipment to and filtration in the laboratory, the sample must be
filtered in a designated clean area in the field within the time period necessary to maintain sample
integrity. A sample that has been collected for determination of total or dissolved trace level mercury must
be analyzed within 90 days of sample collection.
\18\ Aqueous samples must be preserved at <= 6 [deg]C, and should not be frozen unless data demonstrating that
sample freezing does not adversely impact sample integrity is maintained on file and accepted as valid by the
regulatory authority. Also, for purposes of NPDES monitoring, the specification of ``<= [deg]C'' is used in
place of the ``4 [deg]C'' and ``< 4 [deg]C'' sample temperature requirements listed in some methods. It is not
necessary to measure the sample temperature to three significant figures (1/100th of 1 degree); rather, three
significant figures are specified so that rounding down to 6 [deg]C may not be used to meet the <=6 [deg]C
requirement. The preservation temperature does not apply to samples that are analyzed immediately (less than
15 minutes).
[[Page 29809]]
\19\ An aqueous sample may be collected and shipped without acid preservation. However, acid must be added at
least 24 hours before analysis to dissolve any metals that adsorb to the container walls. If the sample must
be analyzed within 24 hours of collection, add the acid immediately (see footnote 2). Soil and sediment
samples do not need to be preserved with acid. The allowances in this footnote supersede the preservation and
holding time requirements in the approved metals methods.
\20\ To achieve the 28-day holding time, use the ammonium sulfate buffer solution specified in EPA Method 218.6.
The allowance in this footnote supersedes preservation and holding time requirements in the approved
hexavalent chromium methods, unless this supersession would compromise the measurement, in which case
requirements in the method must be followed.
\21\ Holding time is calculated from time of sample collection to elution for samples shipped to the laboratory
in bulk and calculated from the time of sample filtration to elution for samples filtered in the field.
\22\ Sample analysis should begin as soon as possible after receipt; sample incubation must be started no later
than 8 hours from time of collection.
\23\ For fecal coliform samples for sewage sludge (biosolids) only, the holding time is extended to 24 hours for
the following sample types using either EPA Method 1680 (LTB-EC) or 1681 (A-1): Class A composted, Class B
aerobically digested, and Class B anaerobically digested.
\24\ The immediate filtration requirement in orthophosphate measurement is to assess the dissolved or bio-
available form of orthophosphorus (i.e., that which passes through a 0.45-micron filter), hence the
requirement to filter the sample immediately upon collection (i.e., within 15 minutes of collection).
0
4. Section 136.4 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 136.4 Application for and approval of alternate test procedures
for nationwide use.
(a) A written application for review of an alternate test procedure
(alternate method) for nationwide use may be made by letter via email
or by hard copy in triplicate to the National Alternate Test Procedure
(ATP) Program Coordinator (National Coordinator), Office of Science and
Technology (4303T), Office of Water, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20460. Any
application for an alternate test procedure (ATP) under this paragraph
(a) shall:
(1) Provide the name and address of the responsible person or firm
making the application.
(2) Identify the pollutant(s) or parameter(s) for which nationwide
approval of an alternate test procedure is being requested.
(3) Provide a detailed description of the proposed alternate test
procedure, together with references to published or other studies
confirming the general applicability of the alternate test procedure
for the analysis of the pollutant(s) or parameter(s) in wastewater
discharges from representative and specified industrial or other
categories.
(4) Provide comparability data for the performance of the proposed
alternative test procedure compared to the performance of the reference
method.
(b) The National Coordinator may request additional information and
analyses from the applicant in order to determine whether the alternate
test procedure satisfies the applicable requirements of this Part.
(c) Approval for nationwide use. (1) After a review of the
application and any additional analyses requested from the applicant,
the National Coordinator will notify the applicant, in writing, of
acceptance or rejection of the alternate test procedure for nationwide
use in CWA programs. If the application is not approved, the National
Coordinator will specify what additional information might lead to a
reconsideration of the application, and notify the Regional Alternate
Test Procedure Coordinators of such rejection. Based on the National
Coordinator's rejection of a proposed alternate test procedure and an
assessment of any approvals for limited uses for the unapproved method,
the Regional ATP Coordinator or permitting authority may decide to
withdraw approval of the method for limited use in the Region.
(2) Where the National Coordinator approved an applicant's request
for nationwide use of an alternate test procedure, the National
Coordinator will notify the applicant that the National Coordinator
will recommend rulemaking to approve the alternate test procedure. The
National Coordinator will notify the Regional ATP Coordinator or
permitting authorities that they may consider approval of this
alternate test procedure for limited use in their Regions based on the
information and data provided in the applicant's application. The
Regional ATP Coordinator or permitting authority will grant approval on
a case-by-case basis prior to use of the alternate test procedure for
compliance analyses until the alternate test procedure is approved by
publication in a final rule in the Federal Register.
(3) EPA will propose to amend 40 CFR Part 136 to include the
alternate test procedure in Sec. 136.3. EPA shall make available for
review all the factual bases for its proposal, including any
performance data submitted by the applicant and any available EPA
analysis of those data.
(4) Following public comment, EPA shall publish in the Federal
Register a final decision on whether to amend 40 CFR Part 136 to
include the alternate test procedure as an approved analytical method.
(5) Whenever the National Coordinator has approved an applicant's
request for nationwide use of an alternate test procedure, any person
may request an approval of the method for limited use under Sec. 136.5
from the EPA Region.
0
5. Section 136.5 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 136.5 Approval of alternate test procedures for limited use.
(a) Any person may request the Regional Alternate Test Procedure
(ATP) Coordinator or permitting authority to approve the use of an
alternate test procedure in the Region.
(b) When the request for the use of an alternate test procedure
concerns use in a State with an NPDES permit program approved pursuant
to section 402 of the Act, the requestor shall first submit an
application for limited use to the Director of the State agency having
responsibility for issuance of NPDES permits within such State (i.e.,
permitting authority). The Director will forward the application to the
Regional ATP Coordinator or permitting authority with a recommendation
for or against approval.
(c) Any application for approval of an alternate test procedure for
limited use may be made by letter, email or by hard copy. The
application shall include the following:
(1) Provide the name and address of the applicant and the
applicable ID number of the existing or pending permit and issuing
agency for which use of the alternate test procedure is requested, and
the discharge serial number.
(2) Identify the pollutant or parameter for which approval of an
alternate test procedure is being requested.
(3) Provide justification for using testing procedures other than
those specified in Tables IA through IH of Sec. 136.3, or in the NPDES
permit.
(4) Provide a detailed description of the proposed alternate test
procedure, together with references to published studies of the
applicability of the alternate test procedure to the effluents in
question.
[[Page 29810]]
(5) Provide comparability data for the performance of the proposed
alternate test procedure compared to the performance of the reference
method.
(d) Approval for limited use. (1) After a review of the application
by the Alternate Test Procedure Regional ATP Coordinator or permitting
authority, the Regional ATP Coordinator or permitting authority
notifies the applicant and the appropriate State agency of approval or
rejection of the use of the alternate test procedure. The approval may
be restricted to use only with respect to a specific discharge or
facility (and its laboratory) or, at the discretion of the Regional ATP
Coordinator or permitting authority, to all discharger or facilities
(and their associated laboratories) specified in the approval for the
Region. If the application is not approved, the Regional ATP
Coordinator or permitting authority shall specify what additional
information might lead to a reconsideration of the application.
(2) The Regional ATP Coordinator or permitting authority will
forward a copy of every approval and rejection notification to the
National Alternate Test Procedure Coordinator.
0
6. Section 136.6 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 136.6 Method modifications and analytical requirements.
(a) Definitions of terms used in this section--(1) Analyst means
the person or laboratory using a test procedure (analytical method) in
this Part.
(2) Chemistry of the method means the reagents and reactions used
in a test procedure that allow determination of the analyte(s) of
interest in an environmental sample.
(3) Determinative technique means the way in which an analyte is
identified and quantified (e.g., colorimetry, mass spectrometry).
(4) Equivalent performance means that the modified method produces
results that meet or exceed the QC acceptance criteria of the approved
method.
(5) Method-defined analyte means an analyte defined solely by the
method used to determine the analyte. Such an analyte may be a physical
parameter, a parameter that is not a specific chemical, or a parameter
that may be comprised of a number of substances. Examples of such
analytes include temperature, oil and grease, total suspended solids,
total phenolics, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, and biochemical
oxygen demand.
(6) QC means ``quality control.''
(b) Method modifications. (1) If the underlying chemistry and
determinative technique in a modified method are essentially the same
as an approved Part 136 method, then the modified method is an
equivalent and acceptable alternative to the approved method provided
the requirements of this section are met. However, those who develop or
use a modification to an approved (Part 136) method must document that
the performance of the modified method, in the matrix to which the
modified method will be applied, is equivalent to the performance of
the approved method. If such a demonstration cannot be made and
documented, then the modified method is not an acceptable alternative
to the approved method. Supporting documentation must, if applicable,
include the routine initial demonstration of capability and ongoing QC
including determination of precision and accuracy, detection limits,
and matrix spike recoveries. Initial demonstration of capability
typically includes analysis of four replicates of a mid-level standard
and a method detection limit study. Ongoing quality control typically
includes method blanks, mid-level laboratory control samples, and
matrix spikes (QC is as specified in the method). The method is
considered equivalent if the quality control requirements in the
reference method are achieved. The method user's Standard Operating
Procedure (SOP) must clearly document the modifications made to the
reference method. Examples of allowed method modifications are listed
in this section. The user must notify their permitting authority of the
intent to use a modified method. Such notification should be of the
form ``Method xxx has been modified within the flexibility allowed in
40 CFR 136.6.'' The user may indicate the specific paragraph of Sec.
136.6 allowing the method modification. However, specific details of
the modification need not be provided, but must be documented in the
Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). If the method user is uncertain
whether a method modification is allowed, the Regional ATP Coordinator
or permitting authority should be contacted for approval prior to
implementing the modification. The method user should also complete
necessary performance checks to verify that acceptable performance is
achieved with the method modification prior to analyses of compliance
samples.
(2) Requirements. The modified method must be sufficiently
sensitive and meet or exceed performance of the approved method(s) for
the analyte(s) of interest, as documented by meeting the initial and
ongoing quality control requirements in the method.
(i) Requirements for establishing equivalent performance. If the
approved method contains QC tests and QC acceptance criteria, the
modified method must use these QC tests and the modified method must
meet the QC acceptance criteria with the following conditions:
(A) The analyst may only rely on QC tests and QC acceptance
criteria in a method if it includes wastewater matrix QC tests and QC
acceptance criteria (e.g., matrix spikes) and both initial (start-up)
and ongoing QC tests and QC acceptance criteria.
(B) If the approved method does not contain QC tests and QC
acceptance criteria or if the QC tests and QC acceptance criteria in
the method do not meet the requirements of this section, then the
analyst must employ QC tests published in the ``equivalent'' of a Part
136 method that has such QC, or the essential QC requirements specified
at 136.7, as applicable. If the approved method is from a compendium or
VCSB and the QA/QC requirements are published in other parts of that
organization's compendium rather than within the Part 136 method then
that part of the organization's compendium must be used for the QC
tests.
(C) In addition, the analyst must perform ongoing QC tests,
including assessment of performance of the modified method on the
sample matrix (e.g., analysis of a matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate
pair for every twenty samples), and analysis of an ongoing precision
and recovery sample (e.g., laboratory fortified blank or blank spike)
and a blank with each batch of 20 or fewer samples.
(D) If the performance of the modified method in the wastewater
matrix or reagent water does not meet or exceed the QC acceptance
criteria, the method modification may not be used.
(ii) Requirements for documentation. The modified method must be
documented in a method write-up or an addendum that describes the
modification(s) to the approved method prior to the use of the method
for compliance purposes. The write-up or addendum must include a
reference number (e.g., method number), revision number, and revision
date so that it may be referenced accurately. In addition, the
organization that uses the modified method must document the results of
QC tests and keep these records, along with a copy of the method write-
up or addendum, for review by an auditor.
(3) Restrictions. An analyst may not modify an approved Clean Water
Act analytical method for a method-defined
[[Page 29811]]
analyte. In addition, an analyst may not modify an approved method if
the modification would result in measurement of a different form or
species of an analyte. Changes in method procedures are not allowed if
such changes would alter the defined chemistry (i.e., method principle)
of the unmodified method. For example, phenol method 420.1 or 420.4
defines phenolics as ferric iron oxidized compounds that react with 4-
aminoantipyrine (4-AAP) at pH 10 after being distilled from acid
solution. Because total phenolics represents a group of compounds that
all react at different efficiencies with 4-AAP, changing test
conditions likely would change the behavior of these different phenolic
compounds. An analyst may not modify any sample collection,
preservation, or holding time requirements of an approved method. Such
modifications to sample collection, preservation, and holding time
requirements do not fall within the scope of the flexibility allowed at
Sec. 136.6. Method flexibility refers to modifications of the
analytical procedures used for identification and measurement of the
analyte only and does not apply to sample collection, preservation, or
holding time procedures, which may only be modified as specified in
Sec. 136.3(e).
(4) Allowable changes. Except as noted under paragraph (b)(3) of
this section, an analyst may modify an approved test procedure
(analytical method) provided that the underlying reactions and
principles used in the approved method remain essentially the same, and
provided that the requirements of this section are met. If equal or
better performance can be obtained with an alternative reagent, then it
is allowed. A laboratory wishing to use these modifications must
demonstrate acceptable method performance by performing and documenting
all applicable initial demonstration of capability and ongoing QC tests
and meeting all applicable QC acceptance criteria as described in Sec.
136.7. Some examples of the allowed types of changes, provided the
requirements of this section are met include:
(i) Changes between manual method, flow analyzer, and discrete
instrumentation.
(ii) Changes in chromatographic columns or temperature programs.
(iii) Changes between automated and manual sample preparation, such
as digestions, distillations, and extractions; in-line sample
preparation is an acceptable form of automated sample preparation for
CWA methods.
(iv) In general, ICP-MS is a sensitive and selective detector for
metal analysis; however isobaric interference can cause problems for
quantitative determination, as well as identification based on the
isotope pattern. Interference reduction technologies, such as collision
cells or reaction cells, are designed to reduce the effect of
spectroscopic interferences that may bias results for the element of
interest. The use of interference reduction technologies is allowed,
provided the method performance specifications relevant to ICP-MS
measurements are met.
(v) The use of EPA Method 200.2 or the sample preparation steps
from EPA Method 1638, including the use of closed-vessel digestion, is
allowed for EPA Method 200.8, provided the method performance
specifications relevant to the ICP-MS are met.
(vi) Changes in pH adjustment reagents. Changes in compounds used
to adjust pH are acceptable as long as they do not produce
interference. For example, using a different acid to adjust pH in
colorimetric methods.
(vii) Changes in buffer reagents are acceptable provided that the
changes do not produce interferences.
(viii) Changes in the order of reagent addition are acceptable
provided that the change does not alter the chemistry and does not
produce an interference. For example, using the same reagents, but
adding them in different order, or preparing them in combined or
separate solutions (so they can be added separately), is allowed,
provided reagent stability or method performance is equivalent or
improved.
(ix) Changes in calibration range (provided that the modified range
covers any relevant regulatory limit and the method performance
specifications for calibration are met).
(x) Changes in calibration model. (A) Linear calibration models do
not adequately fit calibration data with one or two inflection points.
For example, vendor-supplied data acquisition and processing software
on some instruments may provide quadratic fitting functions to handle
such situations. If the calibration data for a particular analytical
method routinely display quadratic character, using quadratic fitting
functions may be acceptable. In such cases, the minimum number of
calibrators for second order fits should be six, and in no case should
concentrations be extrapolated for instrument responses that exceed
that of the most concentrated calibrator. Examples of methods with
nonlinear calibration functions include chloride by SM4500-Cl-E-1997,
hardness by EPA Method 130.1, cyanide by ASTM D6888 or OIA1677,
Kjeldahl nitrogen by PAI-DK03, and anions by EPA Method 300.0.
(B) As an alternative to using the average response factor, the
quality of the calibration may be evaluated using the Relative Standard
Error (RSE). The acceptance criterion for the RSE is the same as the
acceptance criterion for Relative Standard Deviation (RSD), in the
method. RSE is calculated as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18MY12.000
Where:
x'i = Calculated concentration at level i
xi = Actual concentration of the calibration level i
n = Number of calibration points
p = Number of terms in the fitting equation (average = 1, linear =
2, quadratic = 3)
(C) Using the RSE as a metric has the added advantage of allowing
the same numerical standard to be applied to the calibration model,
regardless of the form of the model. Thus, if a method states that the
RSD should be <=20% for the traditional linear model through the
origin, then the RSE acceptance limit can remain <=20% as well.
Similarly, if a method provides an RSD acceptance limit of <=15%, then
that same figure can be used as the acceptance limit for the RSE. The
RSE may be used as an alternative to correlation coefficients and
coefficients of determination for evaluating calibration curves for any
of
[[Page 29812]]
the methods at Part 136. If the method includes a numerical criterion
for the RSD, then the same numerical value is used for the RSE. Some
older methods do not include any criterion for the calibration curve--
for these methods, if RSE is used the value should be <=20%. Note that
the use of the RSE is included as an alternative to the use of the
correlation coefficient as a measure of the suitability of a
calibration curve. It is not necessary to evaluate both the RSE and the
correlation coefficient.
(xi) Changes in equipment such as equipment from a vendor different
from the one specified in the method.
(xii) The use of micro or midi distillation apparatus in place of
macro distillation apparatus.
(xiii) The use of prepackaged reagents.
(xiv) The use of digital titrators and methods where the underlying
chemistry used for the determination is similar to that used in the
approved method.
(xv) Use of selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode for analytes that
cannot be effectively analyzed in full-scan mode and reach the required
sensitivity. False positives are more of a concern when using SIM
analysis, so at a minimum, one quantitation and two qualifying ions
must be monitored for each analyte (unless fewer than three ions with
intensity greater than 15% of the base peak are available). The ratio
of each of the two qualifying ions to the quantitation ion must be
evaluated and should agree with the ratio observed in an authentic
standard within 20 percent. Analyst judgment must be
applied to the evaluation of ion ratios because the ratios can be
affected by co-eluting compounds present in the sample matrix. The
signal-to-noise ratio of the least sensitive ion should be at least
3:1. Retention time in the sample should match within 0.05 minute of an
authentic standard analyzed under identical conditions. Matrix
interferences can cause minor shifts in retention time and may be
evident as shifts in the retention times of the internal standards. The
total scan time should be such that a minimum of eight scans are
obtained per chromatographic peak.
(xvi) Changes are allowed in purge-and-trap sample volumes or
operating conditions. Some examples are:
(A) Changes in purge time and purge-gas flow rate. A change in
purge time and purge-gas flow rate is allowed provided that sufficient
total purge volume is used to achieve the required minimum detectible
concentration and calibration range for all compounds. In general, a
purge rate in the range 20-200 mL/min and a total purge volume in the
range 240-880 mL are recommended.
(B) Use of nitrogen or helium as a purge gas, provided that the
required sensitivities for all compounds are met.
(C) Sample temperature during the purge state. Gentle heating of
the sample during purging (e.g., 40 [deg]C) increases purging
efficiency of hydrophilic compounds and may improve sample-to-sample
repeatability because all samples are purged under precisely the same
conditions.
(D) Trap sorbent. Any trap design is acceptable, provided that the
data acquired meet all QC criteria.
(E) Changes to the desorb time. Shortening the desorb time (e.g.,
from 4 minutes to 1 minute) may not affect compound recoveries, and can
shorten overall cycle time and significantly reduce the amount of water
introduced to the analytical system, thus improving the precision of
analysis, especially for water-soluble analytes. A desorb time of four
minutes is recommended, however a shorter desorb time may be used,
provided that all QC specifications in the method are met.
(F) Use of water management techniques is allowed. Water is always
collected on the trap along with the analytes and is a significant
interference for analytical systems (GC and GC/MS). Modern water
management techniques (e.g., dry purge or condensation points) can
remove moisture from the sample stream and improve analytical
performance.
(xvii) The following modifications are allowable when performing
EPA Method 625: The base/neutral and acid fractions may be added
together and analyzed as one extract, provided that the analytes can be
reliably identified and quantified in the combined extracts; the pH
extraction sequence may be reversed to better separate acid and neutral
components; neutral components may be extracted with either acid or
base components; a smaller sample volume may be used to minimize matrix
interferences provided matrix interferences are demonstrated and
documented; alternative surrogate and internal standard concentrations
other than those specified in the method are acceptable, provided that
method performance is not degraded; an alternative concentration range
may be used for the calibration other than the range specified in the
method; the solvent for the calibration standards may be changed to
match the solvent of the final sample extract.
(xviii) If the characteristics of a wastewater matrix prevent
efficient recovery of organic pollutants and prevent the method from
meeting QC requirements, the analyst may attempt to resolve the issue
by adding salts to the sample, provided that such salts do not react
with or introduce the target pollutant into the sample (as evidenced by
the analysis of method blanks, laboratory control samples, and spiked
samples that also contain such salts), and that all requirements of
paragraph (b)(2) of this section are met. Samples having residual
chlorine or other halogen must be dechlorinated prior to the addition
of such salts.
(xix) If the characteristics of a wastewater matrix result in poor
sample dispersion or reagent deposition on equipment and prevent the
analyst from meeting QC requirements, the analyst may attempt to
resolve the issue by adding a inert surfactant that does not affect the
chemistry of the method, such as Brij-35 or sodium dodecyl sulfate
(SDS), provided that such surfactant does not react with or introduce
the target pollutant into the sample (as evidenced by the analysis of
method blanks, laboratory control samples, and spiked samples that also
contain such surfactant) and that all requirements of paragraph (b)(1)
and (b)(2) of this section are met. Samples having residual chlorine or
other halogen must be dechlorinated prior to the addition of such
surfactant.
(xx) The use of gas diffusion (using pH change to convert the
analyte to gaseous form and/or heat to separate an analyte contained in
steam from the sample matrix) across a hydrophobic semi-permeable
membrane to separate the analyte of interest from the sample matrix may
be used in place of manual or automated distillation in methods for
analysis such as ammonia, total cyanide, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and
total phenols. These procedures do not replace the digestion procedures
specified in the approved methods and must be used in conjunction with
those procedures.
(xxi) Changes in equipment operating parameters such as the
monitoring wavelength of a colorimeter or the reaction time and
temperature as needed to achieve the chemical reactions defined in the
unmodified CWA method. For example, molybdenum blue phosphate methods
have two absorbance maxima, one at about 660 nm and another at about
880 nm. The former is about 2.5 times less sensitive than the latter.
Wavelength choice provides a cost-effective, dilution-free means to
increase sensitivity of molybdenum blue phosphate methods.
(xxii) Interchange of oxidants, such as the use of titanium oxide
in UV-assisted automated digestion of TOC and total
[[Page 29813]]
phosphorus, as long as complete oxidation can be demonstrated.
(xxii) Use of an axially viewed torch with Method 200.7.
0
7. Add new Sec. 136.7 to read as follows:
Sec. 136.7 Quality assurance and quality control.
The permittee/laboratory shall use suitable QA/QC procedures when
conducting compliance analyses with any Part 136 chemical method or an
alternative method specified by the permitting authority. These QA/QC
procedures are generally included in the analytical method or may be
part of the methods compendium for approved Part 136 methods from a
consensus organization. For example, Standard Methods contains QA/QC
procedures in the Part 1000 section of the Standard Methods Compendium.
The permittee/laboratory shall follow these QA/QC procedures, as
described in the method or methods compendium. If the method lacks QA/
QC procedures, the permittee/laboratory has the following options to
comply with the QA/QC requirements:
(a) Refer to and follow the QA/QC published in the ``equivalent''
EPA method for that parameter that has such QA/QC procedures;
(b) Refer to the appropriate QA/QC section(s) of an approved Part
136 method from a consensus organization compendium;
(c)(1) Incorporate the following twelve quality control elements,
where applicable, into the laboratory's documented standard operating
procedure (SOP) for performing compliance analyses when using an
approved Part 136 method when the method lacks such QA/QC procedures.
One or more of the twelve QC elements may not apply to a given method
and may be omitted if a written rationale is provided indicating why
the element(s) is/are inappropriate for a specific method.
(i) Demonstration of Capability (DOC);
(ii) Method Detection Limit (MDL);
(iii) Laboratory reagent blank (LRB), also referred to as method
blank (MB);
(iv) Laboratory fortified blank (LFB), also referred to as a spiked
blank, or laboratory control sample (LCS);
(v) Matrix spike (MS) and matrix spike duplicate (MSD), or
laboratory fortified matrix (LFM) and LFM duplicate, may be used for
suspected matrix interference problems to assess precision;
(vi) Internal standards (for GC/MS analyses), surrogate standards
(for organic analysis) or tracers (for radiochemistry);
(vii) Calibration (initial and continuing), also referred to as
initial calibration verification (ICV) and continuing calibration
verification (CCV);
(viii) Control charts (or other trend analyses of quality control
results);
(ix) Corrective action (root cause analysis);
(x) QC acceptance criteria;
(xi) Definitions of preparation and analytical batches that may
drive QC frequencies; and
(xii) Minimum frequency for conducting all QC elements.
(2) These twelve quality control elements must be clearly
documented in the written standard operating procedure for each
analytical method not containing QA/QC procedures, where applicable.
0
8. Revise Appendix C to Part 136 to read as follows.
APPENDIX C TO PART 136--DETERMINATION OF METALS AND TRACE ELEMENTS IN
WATER AND WASTES BY INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA-ATOMIC EMISSION
SPECTROMETRY METHOD 200.7
1.0 Scope and Application
1.1 Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry
(ICP-AES) is used to determine metals and some nonmetals in
solution. This method is a consolidation of existing methods for
water, wastewater, and solid wastes.1-4 (For analysis of
petroleum products see References 5 and 6, Section 16.0). This
method is applicable to the following analytes:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chemical abstract
Analyte services registry
number (CASRN)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aluminum (Al)..................................... 7429-90-5
Antimony (Sb)..................................... 7440-36-0
Arsenic (As)...................................... 7440-38-2
Barium (Ba)....................................... 7440-39-3
Beryllium (Be).................................... 7440-41-7
Boron (B)......................................... 7440-42-8
Cadmium (Cd)...................................... 7440-43-9
Calcium (Ca)...................................... 7440-70-2
Cerium \a\ (Cr)................................... 7440-45-1
Chromium (Cr)..................................... 7440-47-3
Cobalt (Co)....................................... 7440-48-4
Copper (Cu)....................................... 7440-50-8
Iron (Fe)......................................... 7439-89-6
Lead (Pb)......................................... 7439-92-1
Lithium (Li)...................................... 7439-93-2
Magnesium (Mg).................................... 7439-95-4
Manganese (Mn).................................... 7439-96-5
Mercury (Hg)...................................... 7439-97-6
Molybdenum (Mo)................................... 7439-98-7
Nickel (Ni)....................................... 7440-02-0
Phosphorus (P).................................... 7723-14-0
Potassium (K)..................................... 7440-09-7
Selenium (Se)..................................... 7782-49-2
Silica \b\ (Si02)................................. 7631-86-9
Silver (Ag)....................................... 7440-22-4
Sodium (Na)....................................... 7440-23-5
Strontium (Sr).................................... 7440-24-6
Thallium (Tl)..................................... 7440-28-0
Tin (Sn).......................................... 7440-31-5
Titanium (Ti)..................................... 7440-32-6
Vanadium (V)...................................... 7440-62-2
Zinc (Zn)......................................... 7440-66-6
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Cerium has been included as method analyte for correction of
potential interelement spectral interference.
\b\ This method is not suitable for the determination of silica in
solids.
1.2 For reference where this method is approved for use in
compliance monitoring programs [e.g., Clean Water Act (NPDES) or
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)] consult both the appropriate
sections of the Code of Federal Regulation (40 CFR Part 136 Table 1B
for NPDES, and Part 141 Sec. 141.23 for drinking water), and the
latest Federal Register announcements.
1.3 ICP-AES can be used to determine dissolved analytes in
aqueous samples after suitable filtration and acid preservation. To
reduce potential interferences, dissolved solids should be <0.2% (w/
v) (Section 4.2).
1.4 With the exception of silver, where this method is approved
for the determination of certain metal and metalloid contaminants in
drinking water, samples may be analyzed directly by pneumatic
nebulization without acid digestion if the sample has been properly
preserved with acid and has turbidity of <1 NTU at the time of
analysis. This total recoverable determination procedure is referred
to as ``direct analysis''. However, in the determination of some
primary drinking water metal contaminants, preconcentration of the
sample may be required prior to analysis in order to meet drinking
water acceptance performance criteria (Sections 11.2.2 through
11.2.7).
1.5 For the determination of total recoverable analytes in
aqueous and solid samples a digestion/extraction is required prior
to analysis when the elements are not in solution (e.g., soils,
sludges, sediments and aqueous samples that may contain particulate
and suspended solids). Aqueous samples containing suspended or
particulate material 1% (w/v) should be extracted as a solid type
sample.
1.6 When determining boron and silica in aqueous samples, only
plastic, PTFE or quartz labware should be used from time of sample
collection to completion of analysis. For accurate determination of
boron in solid samples only quartz or PTFE beakers should be used
during acid extraction with immediate transfer of an extract aliquot
to a plastic centrifuge tube following dilution of the extract to
volume. When possible, borosilicate glass should be avoided to
prevent contamination of these analytes.
1.7 Silver is only slightly soluble in the presence of chloride
unless there is a sufficient chloride concentration to form the
soluble chloride complex. Therefore, low recoveries of silver may
occur in samples, fortified sample matrices and even fortified
blanks if determined as a dissolved analyte or by ``direct
analysis'' where the sample has not been processed using the total
recoverable mixed acid digestion. For this reason it is recommended
that samples be digested prior to the determination of silver.
[[Page 29814]]
The total recoverable sample digestion procedure given in this
method is suitable for the determination of silver in aqueous
samples containing concentrations up to 0.1 mg/L. For the analysis
of wastewater samples containing higher concentrations of silver,
succeeding smaller volume, well mixed aliquots should be prepared
until the analysis solution contains <0.1 mg/L silver. The
extraction of solid samples containing concentrations of silver >50
mg/kg should be treated in a similar manner. Also, the extraction of
tin from solid samples should be prepared again using aliquots <1 g
when determined sample concentrations exceed 1%.
1.8 The total recoverable sample digestion procedure given in
this method will solubilize and hold in solution only minimal
concentrations of barium in the presence of free sulfate. For the
analysis of barium in samples having varying and unknown
concentrations of sulfate, analysis should be completed as soon as
possible after sample preparation.
1.9 The total recoverable sample digestion procedure given in
this method is not suitable for the determination of volatile
organo-mercury compounds. However, if digestion is not required
(turbidity <1 NTU), the combined concentrations of inorganic and
organo-mercury in solution can be determined by ``direct analysis''
pneumatic nebulization provided the sample solution is adjusted to
contain the same mixed acid (HNO3 + HCl) matrix as the
total recoverable calibration standards and blank solutions.
1.10 Detection limits and linear ranges for the elements will
vary with the wavelength selected, the spectrometer, and the
matrices. Table 1 provides estimated instrument detection limits for
the listed wavelengths.\7\ However, actual method detection limits
and linear working ranges will be dependent on the sample matrix,
instrumentation, and selected operating conditions.
1.11 Users of the method data should state the data-quality
objectives prior to analysis. Users of the method must document and
have on file the required initial demonstration performance data
described in Section 9.2 prior to using the method for analysis.
2.0 Summary of Method
2.1 An aliquot of a well mixed, homogeneous aqueous or solid
sample is accurately weighed or measured for sample processing. For
total recoverable analysis of a solid or an aqueous sample
containing undissolved material, analytes are first solubilized by
gentle refluxing with nitric and hydrochloric acids. After cooling,
the sample is made up to volume, is mixed and centrifuged or allowed
to settle overnight prior to analysis. For the determination of
dissolved analytes in a filtered aqueous sample aliquot, or for the
``direct analysis'' total recoverable determination of analytes in
drinking water where sample turbidity is <1 NTU, the sample is made
ready for analysis by the appropriate addition of nitric acid, and
then diluted to a predetermined volume and mixed before analysis.
2.2 The analysis described in this method involves
multielemental determinations by ICP-AES using sequential or
simultaneous instruments. The instruments measure characteristic
atomic-line emission spectra by optical spectrometry. Samples are
nebulized and the resulting aerosol is transported to the plasma
torch. Element specific emission spectra are produced by a radio-
frequency inductively coupled plasma. The spectra are dispersed by a
grating spectrometer, and the intensities of the line spectra are
monitored at specific wavelengths by a photosensitive device.
Photocurrents from the photosensitive device are processed and
controlled by a computer system. A background correction technique
is required to compensate for variable background contribution to
the determination of the analytes. Background must be measured
adjacent to the analyte wavelength during analysis. Various
interferences must be considered and addressed appropriately as
discussed in Sections 4.0, 7.0, 9.0, 10.0, and 11.0.
3.0 Definitions
3.1 Calibration Blank--A volume of reagent water acidified with
the same acid matrix as in the calibration standards. The
calibration blank is a zero standard and is used to calibrate the
ICP instrument (Section 7.10.1).
3.2 Calibration Standard (CAL)--A solution prepared from the
dilution of stock standard solutions. The CAL solutions are used to
calibrate the instrument response with respect to analyte
concentration (Section 7.9).
3.3 Dissolved Analyte--The concentration of analyte in an
aqueous sample that will pass through a 0.45 [mu]m membrane filter
assembly prior to sample acidification (Section 11.1).
3.4 Field Reagent Blank (FRB)--An aliquot of reagent water or
other blank matrix that is placed in a sample container in the
laboratory and treated as a sample in all respects, including
shipment to the sampling site, exposure to the sampling site
conditions, storage, preservation, and all analytical procedures.
The purpose of the FRB is to determine if method analytes or other
interferences are present in the field environment (Section 8.5).
3.5 Instrument Detection Limit (IDL)--The concentration
equivalent to the analyte signal which is equal to three times the
standard deviation of a series of 10 replicate measurements of the
calibration blank signal at the same wavelength (Table 1.).
3.6 Instrument Performance Check (IPC) Solution--A solution of
method analytes, used to evaluate the performance of the instrument
system with respect to a defined set of method criteria (Sections
7.11 and 9.3.4).
3.7 Internal Standard--Pure analyte(s) added to a sample,
extract, or standard solution in known amount(s) and used to measure
the relative responses of other method analytes that are components
of the same sample or solution. The internal standard must be an
analyte that is not a sample component (Section 11.5).
3.8 Laboratory Duplicates (LD1 and LD2)--Two aliquots of the
same sample taken in the laboratory and analyzed separately with
identical procedures. Analyses of LD1 and LD2 indicate precision
associated with laboratory procedures, but not with sample
collection, preservation, or storage procedures.
3.9 Laboratory Fortified Blank (LFB)--An aliquot of LRB to which
known quantities of the method analytes are added in the laboratory.
The LFB is analyzed exactly like a sample, and its purpose is to
determine whether the methodology is in control and whether the
laboratory is capable of making accurate and precise measurements
(Sections 7.10.3 and 9.3.2).
3.10 Laboratory Fortified Sample Matrix (LFM)--An aliquot of an
environmental sample to which known quantities of the method
analytes are added in the laboratory. The LFM is analyzed exactly
like a sample, and its purpose is to determine whether the sample
matrix contributes bias to the analytical results. The background
concentrations of the analytes in the sample matrix must be
determined in a separate aliquot and the measured values in the LFM
corrected for background concentrations (Section 9.4).
3.11 Laboratory Reagent Blank (LRB)--An aliquot of reagent water
or other blank matrices that are treated exactly as a sample
including exposure to all glassware, equipment, solvents, reagents,
and internal standards that are used with other samples. The LRB is
used to determine if method analytes or other interferences are
present in the laboratory environment, reagents, or apparatus
(Sections 7.10.2 and 9.3.1).
3.12 Linear Dynamic Range (LDR)--The concentration range over
which the instrument response to an analyte is linear (Section
9.2.2).
3.13 Method Detection Limit (MDL)--The minimum concentration of
an analyte that can be identified, measured, and reported with 99%
confidence that the analyte concentration is greater than zero
(Section 9.2.4 and Table 4.).
3.14 Plasma Solution--A solution that is used to determine the
optimum height above the work coil for viewing the plasma (Sections
7.15 and 10.2.3).
3.15 Quality Control Sample (QCS)--A solution of method analytes
of known concentrations which is used to fortify an aliquot of LRB
or sample matrix. The QCS is obtained from a source external to the
laboratory and different from the source of calibration standards.
It is used to check either laboratory or instrument performance
(Sections 7.12 and 9.2.3).
3.16 Solid Sample--For the purpose of this method, a sample
taken from material classified as soil, sediment or sludge.
3.17 Spectral Interference Check (SIC) Solution--A solution of
selected method analytes of higher concentrations which is used to
evaluate the procedural routine for correcting known interelement
spectral interferences with respect to a defined set of method
criteria (Sections 7.13, 7.14 and 9.3.5).
3.18 Standard Addition--The addition of a known amount of
analyte to the sample in order to determine the relative response of
the detector to an analyte within the sample matrix. The relative
response is then used to
[[Page 29815]]
assess either an operative matrix effect or the sample analyte
concentration (Sections 9.5.1 and 11.5).
3.19 Stock Standard Solution--A concentrated solution containing
one or more method analytes prepared in the laboratory using assayed
reference materials or purchased from a reputable commercial source
(Section 7.8).
3.20 Total Recoverable Analyte--The concentration of analyte
determined either by ``direct analysis'' of an unfiltered acid
preserved drinking water sample with turbidity of <1 NTU (Section
11.2.1), or by analysis of the solution extract of a solid sample or
an unfiltered aqueous sample following digestion by refluxing with
hot dilute mineral acid(s) as specified in the method (Sections 11.2
and 11.3).
3.21 Water Sample--For the purpose of this method, a sample
taken from one of the following sources: drinking, surface, ground,
storm runoff, industrial or domestic wastewater.
4.0 Interferences
4.1 Spectral interferences are caused by background emission
from continuous or recombination phenomena, stray light from the
line emission of high concentration elements, overlap of a spectral
line from another element, or unresolved overlap of molecular band
spectra.
4.1.1 Background emission and stray light can usually be
compensated for by subtracting the background emission determined by
measurement(s) adjacent to the analyte wavelength peak. Spectral
scans of samples or single element solutions in the analyte regions
may indicate not only when alternate wavelengths are desirable
because of severe spectral interference, but also will show whether
the most appropriate estimate of the background emission is provided
by an interpolation from measurements on both sides of the
wavelength peak or by the measured emission on one side or the
other. The location(s) selected for the measurement of background
intensity will be determined by the complexity of the spectrum
adjacent to the wavelength peak. The location(s) used for routine
measurement must be free of off-line spectral interference
(interelement or molecular) or adequately corrected to reflect the
same change in background intensity as occurs at the wavelength
peak.
4.1.2 Spectral overlaps may be avoided by using an alternate
wavelength or can be compensated for by equations that correct for
interelement contributions, which involves measuring the interfering
elements. Some potential on-line spectral interferences observed for
the recommended wavelengths are given in Table 2. When operative and
uncorrected, these interferences will produce false-positive
determinations and be reported as analyte concentrations. The
interferences listed are only those that occur between method
analytes. Only interferences of a direct overlap nature that were
observed with a single instrument having a working resolution of
0.035 nm are listed. More extensive information on interferant
effects at various wavelengths and resolutions is available in
Boumans' Tables.\8\ Users may apply interelement correction factors
determined on their instruments within tested concentration ranges
to compensate (off-line or on-line) for the effects of interfering
elements.
4.1.3 When interelement corrections are applied, there is a need
to verify their accuracy by analyzing spectral interference check
solutions as described in Section 7.13. Interelement corrections
will vary for the same emission line among instruments because of
differences in resolution, as determined by the grating plus the
entrance and exit slit widths, and by the order of dispersion.
Interelement corrections will also vary depending upon the choice of
background correction points. Selecting a background correction
point where an interfering emission line may appear should be
avoided when practical. Interelement corrections that constitute a
major portion of an emission signal may not yield accurate data.
Users should not forget that some samples may contain uncommon
elements that could contribute spectral interferences.\7,8\
4.1.4 The interference effects must be evaluated for each
individual instrument whether configured as a sequential or
simultaneous instrument. For each instrument, intensities will vary
not only with optical resolution but also with operating conditions
(such as power, viewing height and argon flow rate). When using the
recommended wavelengths given in Table 1, the analyst is required to
determine and document for each wavelength the effect from the known
interferences given in Table 2, and to utilize a computer routine
for their automatic correction on all analyses. To determine the
appropriate location for off-line background correction, the user
must scan the area on either side adjacent to the wavelength and
record the apparent emission intensity from all other method
analytes. This spectral information must be documented and kept on
file. The location selected for background correction must be either
free of off-line interelement spectral interference or a computer
routine must be used for their automatic correction on all
determinations. If a wavelength other than the recommended
wavelength is used, the user must determine and document both the
on-line and off-line spectral interference effect from all method
analytes and provide for their automatic correction on all analyses.
Tests to determine the spectral interference must be done using
analyte concentrations that will adequately describe the
interference. Normally, 100 mg/L single element solutions are
sufficient, however, for analytes such as iron that may be found at
high concentration a more appropriate test would be to use a
concentration near the upper LDR limit. See Section 10.4 for
required spectral interference test criteria.
4.1.5 When interelement corrections are not used, either on-
going SIC solutions (Section 7.14) must be analyzed to verify the
absence of interelement spectral interference or a computer software
routine must be employed for comparing the determinative data to
limits files for notifying the analyst when an interfering element
is detected in the sample at a concentration that will produce
either an apparent false positive concentration, greater than the
analyte IDL, or false negative analyte concentration, less than the
99% lower control limit of the calibration blank. When the
interference accounts for 10% or more of the analyte concentration,
either an alternate wavelength free of interference or another
approved test procedure must be used to complete the analysis. For
example, the copper peak at 213.853 nm could be mistaken for the
zinc peak at 213.856 nm in solutions with high copper and low zinc
concentrations. For this example, a spectral scan in the 213.8 nm
region would not reveal the misidentification because a single peak
near the zinc location would be observed. The possibility of this
misidentification of copper for the zinc peak at 213.856 nm can be
identified by measuring the copper at another emission line, e.g.,
324.754 nm. Users should be aware that, depending upon the
instrumental resolution, alternate wavelengths with adequate
sensitivity and freedom from interference may not be available for
all matrices. In these circumstances the analyte must be determined
using another approved test procedure.
4.2 Physical interferences are effects associated with the
sample nebulization and transport processes. Changes in viscosity
and surface tension can cause significant inaccuracies, especially
in samples containing high dissolved solids or high acid
concentrations. If physical interferences are present, they must be
reduced by such means as a high-solids nebulizer, diluting the
sample, using a peristaltic pump, or using an appropriate internal
standard element. Another problem that can occur with high dissolved
solids is salt buildup at the tip of the nebulizer, which affects
aerosol flow rate and causes instrumental drift. This problem can be
controlled by a high-solids nebulizer, wetting the argon prior to
nebulization, using a tip washer, or diluting the sample. Also, it
has been reported that better control of the argon flow rates,
especially for the nebulizer, improves instrument stability and
precision; this is accomplished with the use of mass flow
controllers.
4.3 Chemical interferences include molecular-compound formation,
ionization effects, and solute-vaporization effects. Normally, these
effects are not significant with the ICP-AES technique. If observed,
they can be minimized by careful selection of operating conditions
(such as incident power and observation height), by buffering of the
sample, by matrix matching, and by standard-addition procedures.
Chemical interferences are highly dependent on matrix type and the
specific analyte element.
4.4 Memory interferences result when analytes in a previous
sample contribute to the signals measured in a new sample. Memory
effects can result from sample deposition on the uptake tubing to
the nebulizer, and from the buildup of sample material in the plasma
torch and spray chamber. The site where these effects occur is
dependent on the element and can be minimized by flushing the system
with a rinse blank between samples (Section 7.10.4). The possibility
of memory interferences should be recognized within an analytical
run and suitable rinse times should be used
[[Page 29816]]
to reduce them. The rinse times necessary for a particular element
must be estimated prior to analysis. This may be achieved by
aspirating a standard containing elements corresponding to either
their LDR or a concentration ten times those usually encountered.
The aspiration time should be the same as a normal sample analysis
period, followed by analysis of the rinse blank at designated
intervals. The length of time required to reduce analyte signals to
within a factor of two of the method detection limit, should be
noted. Until the required rinse time is established, this method
requires a rinse period of at least 60 seconds between samples and
standards. If a memory interference is suspected, the sample must be
re-analyzed after a long rinse period.
5.0 Safety
5.1 The toxicity or carcinogenicity of each reagent used in this
method have not been fully established. Each chemical should be
regarded as a potential health hazard and exposure to these
compounds should be as low as reasonably achievable. Each laboratory
is responsible for maintaining a current awareness file of OSHA
regulations regarding the safe handling of the chemicals specified
in this method.9-12 A reference file of material data
handling sheets should also be made available to all personnel
involved in the chemical analysis. Specifically, concentrated nitric
and hydrochloric acids present various hazards and are moderately
toxic and extremely irritating to skin and mucus membranes. Use
these reagents in a fume hood whenever possible and if eye or skin
contact occurs, flush with large volumes of water. Always wear
safety glasses or a shield for eye protection, protective clothing
and observe proper mixing when working with these reagents.
5.2 The acidification of samples containing reactive materials
may result in the release of toxic gases, such as cyanides or
sulfides. Acidification of samples should be done in a fume hood.
5.3 All personnel handling environmental samples known to
contain or to have been in contact with human waste should be
immunized against known disease causative agents.
5.4 The inductively coupled plasma should only be viewed with
proper eye protection from the ultraviolet emissions.
5.5 It is the responsibility of the user of this method to
comply with relevant disposal and waste regulations. For guidance
see Sections 14.0 and 15.0.
6.0 Equipment and Supplies
6.1 Inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer:
6.1.1 Computer-controlled emission spectrometer with background-
correction capability.
The spectrometer must be capable of meeting and complying with the
requirements described and referenced in Section 2.2.
6.1.2 Radio-frequency generator compliant with FCC regulations.
6.1.3 Argon gas supply--High purity grade (99.99%). When
analyses are conducted frequently, liquid argon is more economical
and requires less frequent replacement of tanks than compressed
argon in conventional cylinders.
6.1.4 A variable speed peristaltic pump is required to deliver
both standard and sample solutions to the nebulizer.
6.1.5 (Optional) Mass flow controllers to regulate the argon
flow rates, especially the aerosol transport gas, are highly
recommended. Their use will provide more exacting control of
reproducible plasma conditions.
6.2 Analytical balance, with capability to measure to 0.1 mg,
for use in weighing solids, for preparing standards, and for
determining dissolved solids in digests or extracts.
6.3 A temperature adjustable hot plate capable of maintaining a
temperature of 95 [deg]C.
6.4 (Optional) A temperature adjustable block digester capable
of maintaining a temperature of 95 [deg]C and equipped with 250 mL
constricted digestion tubes.
6.5 (Optional) A steel cabinet centrifuge with guard bowl,
electric timer and brake.
6.6 A gravity convection drying oven with thermostatic control
capable of maintaining 180 [deg]C 5 [deg]C.
6.7 (Optional) An air displacement pipetter capable of
delivering volumes ranging from 0.1-2500 [mu]L with an assortment of
high quality disposable pipet tips.
6.8 Mortar and pestle, ceramic or nonmetallic material.
6.9 Polypropylene sieve, 5-mesh (4 mm opening).
6.10 Labware--For determination of trace levels of elements,
contamination and loss are of prime consideration. Potential
contamination sources include improperly cleaned laboratory
apparatus and general contamination within the laboratory
environment from dust, etc. A clean laboratory work area designated
for trace element sample handling must be used. Sample containers
can introduce positive and negative errors in the determination of
trace elements by contributing contaminants through surface
desorption or leaching, or depleting element concentrations through
adsorption processes. All reusable labware (glass, quartz,
polyethylene, PTFE, FEP, etc.) should be sufficiently clean for the
task objectives. Several procedures found to provide clean labware
include washing with a detergent solution, rinsing with tap water,
soaking for four hours or more in 20% (v/v) nitric acid or a mixture
of HNO3 and HCl (1+2+9), rinsing with reagent water and
storing clean.2 3 Chromic acid cleaning solutions must be
avoided because chromium is an analyte.
6.10.1 Glassware--Volumetric flasks, graduated cylinders,
funnels and centrifuge tubes (glass and/or metal-free plastic).
6.10.2 Assorted calibrated pipettes.
6.10.3 Conical Phillips beakers (Corning 1080-250 or
equivalent), 250 mL with 50 mm watch glasses.
6.10.4 Griffin beakers, 250 mL with 75 mm watch glasses and
(optional) 75 mm ribbed watch glasses.
6.10.5 (Optional) PTFE and/or quartz Griffin beakers, 250 mL
with PTFE covers.
6.10.6 Evaporating dishes or high-form crucibles, porcelain, 100
mL capacity.
6.10.7 Narrow-mouth storage bottles, FEP (fluorinated ethylene
propylene) with screw closure, 125 mL to 1 L capacities.
6.10.8 One-piece stem FEP wash bottle with screw closure, 125 mL
capacity.
7.0 Reagents and Standards
7.1 Reagents may contain elemental impurities which might affect
analytical data. Only high-purity reagents that conform to the
American Chemical Society specifications \13\ should be used
whenever possible. If the purity of a reagent is in question,
analyze for contamination. All acids used for this method must be of
ultra high-purity grade or equivalent. Suitable acids are available
from a number of manufacturers. Redistilled acids prepared by sub-
boiling distillation are acceptable.
7.2 Hydrochloric acid, concentrated (sp.gr. 1.19)--HCl.
7.2.1 Hydrochloric acid (1+1)--Add 500 mL concentrated HCl to
400 mL reagent water and dilute to 1 L.
7.2.2 Hydrochloric acid (1+4)--Add 200 mL concentrated HCl to
400 mL reagent water and dilute to 1 L.
7.2.3 Hydrochloric acid (1+20)--Add 10 mL concentrated HCl to
200 mL reagent water.
7.3 Nitric acid, concentrated (sp.gr. 1.41)--HNO3.
7.3.1 Nitric acid (1+1)--Add 500 mL concentrated HNO3
to 400 mL reagent water and dilute to 1 L.
7.3.2 Nitric acid (1+2)--Add 100 mL concentrated HNO3
to 200 mL reagent water.
7.3.3 Nitric acid (1+5)--Add 50 mL concentrated HNO3
to 250 mL reagent water.
7.3.4 Nitric acid (1+9)--Add 10 mL concentrated HNO3
to 90 mL reagent water.
7.4 Reagent water. All references to water in this method refer
to ASTM Type I grade water.\14\
7.5 Ammonium hydroxide, concentrated (sp.gr. 0.902).
7.6 Tartaric acid, ACS reagent grade.
7.7 Hydrogen peroxide, 50%, stabilized certified reagent grade.
7.8 Standard Stock Solutions--Stock standards may be purchased
or prepared from ultra-high purity grade chemicals (99.99-99.999%
pure). All compounds must be dried for one hour at 105 [deg]C,
unless otherwise specified. It is recommended that stock solutions
be stored in FEP bottles. Replace stock standards when succeeding
dilutions for preparation of calibration standards cannot be
verified.
CAUTION: Many of these chemicals are extremely toxic if inhaled
or swallowed (Section 5.1). Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
Typical stock solution preparation procedures follow for 1 L
quantities, but for the purpose of pollution prevention, the analyst
is encouraged to prepare smaller quantities when possible.
Concentrations are calculated based upon the weight of the pure
element or upon the weight of the compound multiplied by the
fraction of the analyte in the compound
From pure element,
[[Page 29817]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18MY12.001
where: gravimetric factor = the weight fraction of the analyte in
the compound
7.8.1 Aluminum solution, stock, 1 mL = 1000 [mu]g Al: Dissolve
1.000 g of aluminum metal, weighed accurately to at least four
significant figures, in an acid mixture of 4.0 mL of (1+1) HCl and 1
mL of concentrated HNO3 in a beaker. Warm beaker slowly
to effect solution. When dissolution is complete, transfer solution
quantitatively to a 1 L flask, add an additional 10.0 mL of (1+1)
HCl and dilute to volume with reagent water.
7.8.2 Antimony solution, stock, 1 mL = 1000 [mu]g Sb: Dissolve
1.000 g of antimony powder, weighed accurately to at least four
significant figures, in 20.0 mL (1+1) HNO3 and 10.0 mL
concentrated HCl. Add 100 mL reagent water and 1.50 g tartaric acid.
Warm solution slightly to effect complete dissolution. Cool solution
and add reagent water to volume in a 1 L volumetric flask.
7.8.3 Arsenic solution, stock, 1 mL = 1000 [mu]g As: Dissolve
1.320 g of As2O3 (As fraction = 0.7574),
weighed accurately to at least four significant figures, in 100 mL
of reagent water containing 10.0 mL concentrated NH4OH.
Warm the solution gently to effect dissolution. Acidify the solution
with 20.0 mL concentrated HNO3 and dilute to volume in a
1 L volumetric flask with reagent water.
7.8.4 Barium solution, stock, 1 mL = 1000 [mu]g Ba: Dissolve
1.437 g BaCO3 (Ba fraction = 0.6960), weighed accurately
to at least four significant figures, in 150 mL (1+2)
HNO3 with heating and stirring to degas and dissolve
compound. Let solution cool and dilute with reagent water in 1 L
volumetric flask.
7.8.5 Beryllium solution, stock, 1 mL = 1000 [mu]g Be: DO NOT
DRY. Dissolve 19.66 g BeSO44H2O (Be
fraction = 0.0509), weighed accurately to at least four significant
figures, in reagent water, add 10.0 mL concentrated HNO3,
and dilute to volume in a 1 L volumetric flask with reagent water.
7.8.6 Boron solution, stock, 1 mL = 1000 [mu]g B: DO NOT DRY.
Dissolve 5.716 g anhydrous H3BO3 (B fraction =
0.1749), weighed accurately to at least four significant figures, in
reagent water and dilute in a 1 L volumetric flask with reagent
water. Transfer immediately after mixing to a clean FEP bottle to
minimize any leaching of boron from the glass volumetric container.
Use of a nonglass volumetric flask is recommended to avoid boron
contamination from glassware.
7.8.7 Cadmium solution, stock, 1 mL = 1000 [mu]g Cd: Dissolve
1.000 g Cd metal, acid cleaned with (1+9) HNO3, weighed
accurately to at least four significant figures, in 50 mL (1+1)
HNO3 with heating to effect dissolution. Let solution
cool and dilute with reagent water in a 1 L volumetric flask.
7.8.8 Calcium solution, stock, 1 mL = 1000 [mu]g Ca: Suspend
2.498 g CaCO3 (Ca fraction = 0.4005), dried at 180 [deg]C
for one hour before weighing, weighed accurately to at least four
significant figures, in reagent water and dissolve cautiously with a
minimum amount of (1+1) HNO3. Add 10.0 mL concentrated
HNO3 and dilute to volume in a 1 L volumetric flask with
reagent water.
7.8.9 Cerium solution, stock, 1 mL = 1000 [mu]g Ce: Slurry 1.228
g CeO2 (Ce fraction = 0.8141), weighed accurately to at
least four significant figures, in 100 mL concentrated
HNO3 and evaporate to dryness. Slurry the residue in 20
mL H2O, add 50 mL concentrated HNO3, with heat
and stirring add 60 mL 50% H2O2 dropwise in 1
mL increments allowing periods of stirring between the 1 mL
additions. Boil off excess H2O2 before
diluting to volume in a 1 L volumetric flask with reagent water.
7.8.10 Chromium solution, stock, 1 mL = 1000 [mu]g Cr: Dissolve
1.923 g CrO3 (Cr fraction = 0.5200), weighed accurately
to at least four significant figures, in 120 mL (1+5)
HNO3. When solution is complete, dilute to volume in a 1
L volumetric flask with reagent water.
7.8.11 Cobalt solution, stock, 1 mL = 1000 [mu]g Co: Dissolve
1.000 g Co metal, acid cleaned with (1+9) HNO3, weighed
accurately to at least four significant figures, in 50.0 mL (1+1)
HNO3. Let solution cool and dilute to volume in a 1 L
volumetric flask with reagent water.
7.8.12 Copper solution, stock, 1 mL = 1000 [mu]g Cu: Dissolve
1.000 g Cu metal, acid cleaned with (1+9) HNO3, weighed
accurately to at least four significant figures, in 50.0 mL (1+1)
HNO3 with heating to effect dissolution. Let solution
cool and dilute in a 1 L volumetric flask with reagent water.
7.8.13 Iron solution, stock, 1 mL = 1000 [mu]g Fe: Dissolve
1.000 g Fe metal, acid cleaned with (1+1) HCl, weighed accurately to
four significant figures, in 100 mL (1+1) HCl with heating to effect
dissolution. Let solution cool and dilute with reagent water in a 1
L volumetric flask.
7.8.14 Lead solution, stock, 1 mL = 1000 [mu]g Pb: Dissolve
1.599 g Pb(NO3)2 (Pb fraction = 0.6256),
weighed accurately to at least four significant figures, in a
minimum amount of (1+1) HNO3. Add 20.0 mL (1+1)
HNO3 and dilute to volume in a 1 L volumetric flask with
reagent water.
7.8.15 Lithium solution, stock, 1 mL = 1000 [mu]g Li: Dissolve
5.324 g Li2CO3 (Li fraction = 0.1878), weighed
accurately to at least four significant figures, in a minimum amount
of (1+1) HCl and dilute to volume in a 1 L volumetric flask with
reagent water.
7.8.16 Magnesium solution, stock, 1 mL = 1000 [mu]g Mg: Dissolve
1.000 g cleanly polished Mg ribbon, accurately weighed to at least
four significant figures, in slowly added 5.0 mL (1+1) HCl (CAUTION:
reaction is vigorous). Add 20.0 mL (1+1) HNO3 and dilute
to volume in a 1 L volumetric flask with reagent water.
7.8.17 Manganese solution, stock, 1 mL = 1000 [mu]g Mn: Dissolve
1.000 g of manganese metal, weighed accurately to at least four
significant figures, in 50 mL (1+1) HNO3 and dilute to
volume in a 1 L volumetric flask with reagent water.
7.8.18 Mercury solution, stock, 1 mL = 1000 [mu]g Hg: DO NOT
DRY. CAUTION: highly toxic element. Dissolve 1.354 g
HgCl2 (Hg fraction = 0.7388) in reagent water. Add 50.0
mL concentrated HNO3 and dilute to volume in 1 L
volumetric flask with reagent water.
7.8.19 Molybdenum solution, stock, 1 mL = 1000 [mu]g Mo:
Dissolve 1.500 g MoO3 (Mo fraction = 0.6666), weighed
accurately to at least four significant figures, in a mixture of 100
mL reagent water and 10.0 mL concentrated NH4OH, heating
to effect dissolution. Let solution cool and dilute with reagent
water in a 1 L volumetric flask.
7.8.20 Nickel solution, stock, 1 mL = 1000 [mu]g Ni: Dissolve
1.000 g of nickel metal, weighed accurately to at least four
significant figures, in 20.0 mL hot concentrated HNO3,
cool, and dilute to volume in a 1 L volumetric flask with reagent
water.
7.8.21 Phosphorus solution, stock, 1 mL = 1000 [mu]g P: Dissolve
3.745 g NH4H2PO4 (P fraction =
0.2696), weighed accurately to at least four significant figures, in
200 mL reagent water and dilute to volume in a 1 L volumetric flask
with reagent water.
7.8.22 Potassium solution, stock, 1 mL = 1000 [mu]g K: Dissolve
1.907 g KCl (K fraction = 0.5244) dried at 110 [deg]C, weighed
accurately to at least four significant figures, in reagent water,
add 20 mL (1+1) HCl and dilute to volume in a 1 L volumetric flask
with reagent water.
7.8.23 Selenium solution, stock, 1 mL = 1000 [mu]g Se: Dissolve
1.405 g SeO2 (Se fraction = 0.7116), weighed accurately
to at least four significant figures, in 200 mL reagent water and
dilute to volume in a 1 L volumetric flask with reagent water.
7.8.24 Silica solution, stock, 1 mL = 1000 [mu]g
SiO2: DO NOT DRY. Dissolve 2.964 g
(NH4)2SiF6, weighed accurately to
at least four significant figures, in 200 mL (1+20) HCl with heating
at 85 [deg]C to effect dissolution. Let solution cool and dilute to
volume in a 1 L volumetric flask with reagent water.
7.8.25 Silver solution, stock, 1 mL = 1000 [mu]g Ag: Dissolve
1.000 g Ag metal, weighed accurately to at least four significant
figures, in 80 mL (1+1) HNO3 with heating to effect
dissolution. Let solution cool and dilute with reagent water in a 1
L volumetric flask. Store
[[Page 29818]]
solution in amber bottle or wrap bottle completely with aluminum
foil to protect solution from light.
7.8.26 Sodium solution, stock, 1 mL = 1000 [mu]g Na: Dissolve
2.542 g NaCl (Na fraction = 0.3934), weighed accurately to at least
four significant figures, in reagent water. Add 10.0 mL concentrated
HNO3 and dilute to volume in a 1 L volumetric flask with
reagent water.
7.8.27 Strontium solution, stock, 1 mL = 1000 [mu]g Sr: Dissolve
1.685 g SrCO3 (Sr fraction = 0.5935), weighed accurately
to at least four significant figures, in 200 mL reagent water with
dropwise addition of 100 mL (1+1) HCl. Dilute to volume in a 1 L
volumetric flask with reagent water.
7.8.28 Thallium solution, stock, 1 mL = 1000 [mu]g Tl: Dissolve
1.303 g TlNO3 (Tl fraction = 0.7672), weighed accurately
to at least four significant figures, in reagent water. Add 10.0 mL
concentrated HNO3 and dilute to volume in a 1 L
volumetric flask with reagent water.
7.8.29 Tin solution, stock, 1 mL = 1000 [mu]g Sn: Dissolve 1.000
g Sn shot, weighed accurately to at least four significant figures,
in an acid mixture of 10.0 mL concentrated HCl and 2.0 mL (1+1)
HNO3 with heating to effect dissolution. Let solution
cool, add 200 mL concentrated HCl, and dilute to volume in a 1 L
volumetric flask with reagent water.
7.8.30 Titanium solution, stock, 1 mL = 1000 [mu]g Ti: DO NOT
DRY. Dissolve 6.138 g
(NH4)2TiO(C2O4)2
H2O (Ti fraction = 0.1629), weighed accurately to
at least four significant figures, in 100 mL reagent water. Dilute
to volume in a 1 L volumetric flask with reagent water.
7.8.31 Vanadium solution, stock, 1 mL = 1000 [mu]g V: Dissolve
1.000 g V metal, acid cleaned with (1+9) HNO3, weighed
accurately to at least four significant figures, in 50 mL (1+1)
HNO3 with heating to effect dissolution. Let solution
cool and dilute with reagent water to volume in a 1 L volumetric
flask.
7.8.32 Yttrium solution, stock 1 mL = 1000 [mu]g Y: Dissolve
1.270 g Y2O3 (Y fraction = 0.7875), weighed
accurately to at least four significant figures, in 50 mL (1+1)
HNO3, heating to effect dissolution. Cool and dilute to
volume in a 1 L volumetric flask with reagent water.
7.8.33 Zinc solution, stock, 1 mL = 1000 [mu]g Zn: Dissolve
1.000 g Zn metal, acid cleaned with (1+9) HNO3, weighed
accurately to at least four significant figures, in 50 mL (1+1)
HNO3 with heating to effect dissolution. Let solution
cool and dilute with reagent water to volume in a 1 L volumetric
flask.
7.9 Mixed Calibration Standard Solutions--For the analysis of
total recoverable digested samples prepare mixed calibration
standard solutions (see Table 3) by combining appropriate volumes of
the stock solutions in 500 mL volumetric flasks containing 20 mL
(1+1) HNO3 and 20 mL (1+1) HCl and dilute to volume with
reagent water. Prior to preparing the mixed standards, each stock
solution should be analyzed separately to determine possible
spectral interferences or the presence of impurities. Care should be
taken when preparing the mixed standards to ensure that the elements
are compatible and stable together. To minimize the opportunity for
contamination by the containers, it is recommended to transfer the
mixed-standard solutions to acid-cleaned, never-used FEP
fluorocarbon (FEP) bottles for storage. Fresh mixed standards should
be prepared, as needed, with the realization that concentrations can
change on aging. Calibration standards not prepared from primary
standards must be initially verified using a certified reference
solution. For the recommended wavelengths listed in Table 1 some
typical calibration standard combinations are given in Table 3.
Note: If the addition of silver to the recommended mixed-acid
calibration standard results in an initial precipitation, add 15 mL
of reagent water and warm the flask until the solution clears. For
this acid combination, the silver concentration should be limited to
0.5 mg/L.
7.10 Blanks--Four types of blanks are required for the analysis.
The calibration blank is used in establishing the analytical curve,
the laboratory reagent blank is used to assess possible
contamination from the sample preparation procedure, the laboratory
fortified blank is used to assess routine laboratory performance and
a rinse blank is used to flush the instrument uptake system and
nebulizer between standards, check solutions, and samples to reduce
memory interferences.
7.10.1 The calibration blank for aqueous samples and extracts is
prepared by acidifying reagent water to the same concentrations of
the acids as used for the standards. The calibration blank should be
stored in a FEP bottle.
7.10.2 The laboratory reagent blank (LRB) must contain all the
reagents in the same volumes as used in the processing of the
samples. The LRB must be carried through the same entire preparation
scheme as the samples including sample digestion, when applicable.
7.10.3 The laboratory fortified blank (LFB) is prepared by
fortifying an aliquot of the laboratory reagent blank with all
analytes to a suitable concentration using the following recommended
criteria: Ag 0.1 mg/L, K 5.0 mg/L and all other analytes 0.2 mg/L or
a concentration approximately 100 times their respective MDL,
whichever is greater. The LFB must be carried through the same
entire preparation scheme as the samples including sample digestion,
when applicable.
7.10.4 The rinse blank is prepared by acidifying reagent water
to the same concentrations of acids as used in the calibration blank
and stored in a convenient manner.
7.11 Instrument Performance Check (IPC) Solution--The IPC
solution is used to periodically verify instrument performance
during analysis. It should be prepared in the same acid mixture as
the calibration standards by combining method analytes at
appropriate concentrations. Silver must be limited to <0.5 mg/L;
while potassium and phosphorus because of higher MDLs and silica
because of potential contamination should be at concentrations of 10
mg/L. For other analytes a concentration of 2 mg/L is recommended.
The IPC solution should be prepared from the same standard stock
solutions used to prepare the calibration standards and stored in an
FEP bottle. Agency programs may specify or request that additional
instrument performance check solutions be prepared at specified
concentrations in order to meet particular program needs.
7.12 Quality Control Sample (QCS)--Analysis of a QCS is required
for initial and periodic verification of calibration standards or
stock standard solutions in order to verify instrument performance.
The QCS must be obtained from an outside source different from the
standard stock solutions and prepared in the same acid mixture as
the calibration standards. The concentration of the analytes in the
QCS solution should be 1 mg/L, except silver, which must be limited
to a concentration of 0.5 mg/L for solution stability. The QCS
solution should be stored in a FEP bottle and analyzed as needed to
meet data-quality needs. A fresh solution should be prepared
quarterly or more frequently as needed.
7.13 Spectral Interference Check (SIC) Solutions--When
interelement corrections are applied, SIC solutions are needed
containing concentrations of the interfering elements at levels that
will provide an adequate test of the correction factors.
7.13.1 SIC solutions containing (a) 300 mg/L Fe; (b) 200 mg/L
AL; (c) 50 mg/L Ba; (d) 50 mg/L Be; (e) 50 mg/L Cd; (f) 50 mg/L Ce;
(g) 50 mg/L Co; (h) 50 mg/L Cr; (i) 50 mg/L Cu; (j) 50 mg/L Mn; (k)
50 mg/L Mo; (l) 50 mg/L Ni; (m) 50 mg/L Sn; (n) 50 mg/L
SiO2; (o) 50 mg/L Ti; (p) 50 mg/L Tl and (q) 50 mg/L V
should be prepared in the same acid mixture as the calibration
standards and stored in FEP bottles. These solutions can be used to
periodically verify a partial list of the on-line (and possible off-
line) interelement spectral correction factors for the recommended
wavelengths given in Table 1. Other solutions could achieve the same
objective as well. (Multielement SIC solutions\3\ may be prepared
and substituted for the single element solutions provided an analyte
is not subject to interference from more than one interferant in the
solution.)
Note: If wavelengths other than those recommended in Table 1 are
used, other solutions different from those above (a through q) may
be required.
7.13.2 For interferences from iron and aluminum, only those
correction factors (positive or negative) when multiplied by 100 to
calculate apparent analyte concentrations that exceed the determined
analyte IDL or fall below the lower 3-sigma control limit of the
calibration blank need be tested on a daily basis.
7.13.3 For the other interfering elements, only those correction
factors (positive or negative) when multiplied by 10 to calculate
apparent analyte concentrations that exceed the determined analyte
IDL or fall below the lower 3-sigma control limit of the calibration
blank need be tested on a daily basis.
7.13.4 If the correction routine is operating properly, the
determined apparent analyte(s) concentration from analysis of each
interference solution (a through q) should fall within a specific
concentration range bracketing the calibration blank. This
[[Page 29819]]
concentration range is calculated by multiplying the concentration
of the interfering element by the value of the correction factor
being tested and dividing by 10. If after subtraction of the
calibration blank the apparent analyte concentration is outside
(above or below) this range, a change in the correction factor of
more than 10% should be suspected. The cause of the change should be
determined and corrected and the correction factor should be
updated.
Note: The SIC solution should be analyzed more than once to
confirm a change has occurred with adequate rinse time between
solutions and before subsequent analysis of the calibration blank.
7.13.5 If the correction factors tested on a daily basis are
found to be within the 10% criteria for five consecutive days, the
required verification frequency of those factors in compliance may
be extended to a weekly basis. Also, if the nature of the samples
analyzed is such (e.g., finished drinking water) that they do not
contain concentrations of the interfering elements at the 10 mg/L
level, daily verification is not required; however, all interelement
spectral correction factors must be verified annually and updated,
if necessary.
7.13.6 If the instrument does not display negative concentration
values, fortify the SIC solutions with the elements of interest at 1
mg/L and test for analyte recoveries that are below 95%. In the
absence of measurable analyte, over-correction could go undetected
because a negative value could be reported as zero.
7.14 For instruments without interelement correction capability
or when interelement corrections are not used, SIC solutions
(containing similar concentrations of the major components in the
samples, e.g., 10 mg/L) can serve to verify the absence of effects
at the wavelengths selected. These data must be kept on file with
the sample analysis data. If the SIC solution confirms an operative
interference that is 10% of the analyte concentration, the analyte
must be determined using a wavelength and background correction
location free of the interference or by another approved test
procedure. Users are advised that high salt concentrations can cause
analyte signal suppressions and confuse interference tests.
7.15 Plasma Solution--The plasma solution is used for
determining the optimum viewing height of the plasma above the work
coil prior to using the method (Section 10.2). The solution is
prepared by adding a 5 mL aliquot from each of the stock standard
solutions of arsenic, lead, selenium, and thallium to a mixture of
20 mL (1+1) nitric acid and 20 mL (1+1) hydrochloric acid and
diluting to 500 mL with reagent water. Store in a FEP bottle.
8.0 Sample Collection, Preservation, and Storage
8.1 Prior to the collection of an aqueous sample, consideration
should be given to the type of data required, (i.e., dissolved or
total recoverable), so that appropriate preservation and
pretreatment steps can be taken. The pH of all aqueous samples must
be tested immediately prior to aliquoting for processing or ``direct
analysis'' to ensure the sample has been properly preserved. If
properly acid preserved, the sample can be held up to six months
before analysis.
8.2 For the determination of the dissolved elements, the sample
must be filtered through a 0.45 [mu]m pore diameter membrane filter
at the time of collection or as soon thereafter as practically
possible. (Glass or plastic filtering apparatus are recommended to
avoid possible contamination. Only plastic apparatus should be used
when the determinations of boron and silica are critical.) Use a
portion of the filtered sample to rinse the filter flask, discard
this portion and collect the required volume of filtrate. Acidify
the filtrate with (1+1) nitric acid immediately following filtration
to pH <2.
8.3 For the determination of total recoverable elements in
aqueous samples, samples are not filtered, but acidified with (1+1)
nitric acid to pH <2 (normally, 3 mL of (1+1) acid per liter of
sample is sufficient for most ambient and drinking water samples).
Preservation may be done at the time of collection, however, to
avoid the hazards of strong acids in the field, transport
restrictions, and possible contamination it is recommended that the
samples be returned to the laboratory within two weeks of collection
and acid preserved upon receipt in the laboratory. Following
acidification, the sample should be mixed, held for 16 hours, and
then verified to be pH <2 just prior withdrawing an aliquot for
processing or ``direct analysis''. If for some reason such as high
alkalinity the sample pH is verified to be >2, more acid must be
added and the sample held for 16 hours until verified to be pH <2.
See Section 8.1.
Note: When the nature of the sample is either unknown or is
known to be hazardous, acidification should be done in a fume hood.
See Section 5.2.
8.4 Solid samples require no preservation prior to analysis
other than storage at 4 [deg]C. There is no established holding time
limitation for solid samples.
8.5 For aqueous samples, a field blank should be prepared and
analyzed as required by the data user. Use the same container and
acid as used in sample collection.
9.0 Quality Control
9.1 Each laboratory using this method is required to operate a
formal quality control (QC) program. The minimum requirements of
this program consist of an initial demonstration of laboratory
capability, and the periodic analysis of laboratory reagent blanks,
fortified blanks and other laboratory solutions as a continuing
check on performance. The laboratory is required to maintain
performance records that define the quality of the data thus
generated.
9.2 Initial Demonstration of Performance (mandatory).
9.2.1 The initial demonstration of performance is used to
characterize instrument performance (determination of linear dynamic
ranges and analysis of quality control samples) and laboratory
performance (determination of method detection limits) prior to
analyses conducted by this method.
9.2.2 Linear dynamic range (LDR)--The upper limit of the LDR
must be established for each wavelength utilized. It must be
determined from a linear calibration prepared in the normal manner
using the established analytical operating procedure for the
instrument. The LDR should be determined by analyzing succeedingly
higher standard concentrations of the analyte until the observed
analyte concentration is no more than 10% below the stated
concentration of the standard. Determined LDRs must be documented
and kept on file. The LDR which may be used for the analysis of
samples should be judged by the analyst from the resulting data.
Determined sample analyte concentrations that are greater than 90%
of the determined upper LDR limit must be diluted and reanalyzed.
The LDRs should be verified annually or whenever, in the judgment of
the analyst, a change in analytical performance caused by either a
change in instrument hardware or operating conditions would dictate
they be redetermined.
9.2.3 Quality control sample (QCS)--When beginning the use of
this method, on a quarterly basis, after the preparation of stock or
calibration standard solutions or as required to meet data-quality
needs, verify the calibration standards and acceptable instrument
performance with the preparation and analyses of a QCS (Section
7.12). To verify the calibration standards the determined mean
concentrations from three analyses of the QCS must be within 5% of
the stated values. If the calibration standard cannot be verified,
performance of the determinative step of the method is unacceptable.
The source of the problem must be identified and corrected before
either proceeding on with the initial determination of method
detection limits or continuing with on-going analyses.
9.2.4 Method detection limit (MDL)--MDLs must be established for
all wavelengths utilized, using reagent water (blank) fortified at a
concentration of two to three times the estimated instrument
detection limit.\15\ To determine MDL values, take seven replicate
aliquots of the fortified reagent water and process through the
entire analytical method. Perform all calculations defined in the
method and report the concentration values in the appropriate units.
Calculate the MDL as follows:
MDL = (t) x (S)
Where:
t = students' t value for a 99% confidence level and a standard
deviation estimate with n-1 degrees of freedom [t = 3.14 for seven
replicates]
S = standard deviation of the replicate analyses
Note: If additional confirmation is desired, reanalyze the seven
replicate aliquots on two more nonconsecutive days and again
calculate the MDL values for each day. An average of the three MDL
values for each analyte may provide for a more appropriate MDL
estimate. If the relative standard deviation (RSD) from the analyses
of the seven aliquots is <10%, the concentration used to determine
the analyte MDL may have been inappropriately high for the
determination. If so, this could result in the calculation of an
unrealistically low MDL. Concurrently, determination of MDL in
[[Page 29820]]
reagent water represents a best case situation and does not reflect
possible matrix effects of real world samples. However, successful
analyses of LFMs (Section 9.4) and the analyte addition test
described in Section 9.5.1 can give confidence to the MDL value
determined in reagent water. Typical single laboratory MDL values
using this method are given in Table 4.
The MDLs must be sufficient to detect analytes at the required
levels according to compliance monitoring regulation (Section 1.2).
MDLs should be determined annually, when a new operator begins work
or whenever, in the judgment of the analyst, a change in analytical
performance caused by either a change in instrument hardware or
operating conditions would dictate they be redetermined.
9.3 Assessing Laboratory Performance (mandatory)
9.3.1 Laboratory reagent blank (LRB)--The laboratory must
analyze at least one LRB (Section 7.10.2) with each batch of 20 or
fewer samples of the same matrix. LRB data are used to assess
contamination from the laboratory environment. LRB values that
exceed the MDL indicate laboratory or reagent contamination should
be suspected. When LRB values constitute 10% or more of the analyte
level determined for a sample or is 2.2 times the analyte MDL
whichever is greater, fresh aliquots of the samples must be prepared
and analyzed again for the affected analytes after the source of
contamination has been corrected and acceptable LRB values have been
obtained.
9.3.2 Laboratory fortified blank (LFB)--The laboratory must
analyze at least one LFB (Section 7.10.3) with each batch of
samples. Calculate accuracy as percent recovery using the following
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18MY12.002
Where:
R = percent recovery
LFB = laboratory fortified blank
LRB = laboratory reagent blank
s = concentration equivalent of analyte added to fortify the LBR
solution
If the recovery of any analyte falls outside the required
control limits of 85-115%, that analyte is judged out of control,
and the source of the problem should be identified and resolved
before continuing analyses.
9.3.3 The laboratory must use LFB analyses data to assess
laboratory performance against the required control limits of 85-
115% (Section 9.3.2). When sufficient internal performance data
become available (usually a minimum of 20-30 analyses), optional
control limits can be developed from the mean percent recovery (x)
and the standard deviation (S) of the mean percent recovery. These
data can be used to establish the upper and lower control limits as
follows:
UPPER CONTROL LIMIT = x + 3S
LOWER CONTROL LIMIT = x - 3S
The optional control limits must be equal to or better than the
required control limits of 85-115%. After each five to 10 new
recovery measurements, new control limits can be calculated using
only the most recent 20-30 data points. Also, the standard deviation
(S) data should be used to establish an on-going precision statement
for the level of concentrations included in the LFB. These data must
be kept on file and be available for review.
9.3.4 Instrument performance check (IPC) solution--For all
determinations the laboratory must analyze the IPC solution (Section
7.11) and a calibration blank immediately following daily
calibration, after every 10th sample (or more frequently, if
required) and at the end of the sample run. Analysis of the
calibration blank should always be < the analyte IDL, but greater
than the lower 3-sigma control limit of the calibration blank.
Analysis of the IPC solution immediately following calibration must
verify that the instrument is within 5% of calibration with a
relative standard deviation <3% from replicate integrations 4.
Subsequent analyses of the IPC solution must be within 10% of
calibration. If the calibration cannot be verified within the
specified limits, reanalyze either or both the IPC solution and the
calibration blank. If the second analysis of the IPC solution or the
calibration blank confirm calibration to be outside the limits,
sample analysis must be discontinued, the cause determined,
corrected and/or the instrument recalibrated. All samples following
the last acceptable IPC solution must be reanalyzed. The analysis
data of the calibration blank and IPC solution must be kept on file
with the sample analyses data.
9.3.5 Spectral interference check (SIC) solution--For all
determinations the laboratory must periodically verify the
interelement spectral interference correction routine by analyzing
SIC solutions. The preparation and required periodic analysis of SIC
solutions and test criteria for verifying the interelement
interference correction routine are given in Section 7.13. Special
cases where on-going verification is required are described in
Section 7.14.
9.4 Assessing Analyte Recovery and Data Quality.
9.4.1 Sample homogeneity and the chemical nature of the sample
matrix can affect analyte recovery and the quality of the data.
Taking separate aliquots from the sample for replicate and fortified
analyses can in some cases assess the effect. Unless otherwise
specified by the data user, laboratory or program, the following
laboratory fortified matrix (LFM) procedure (Section 9.4.2) is
required. Also, other tests such as the analyte addition test
(Section 9.5.1) and sample dilution test (Section 9.5.2) can
indicate if matrix effects are operative.
9.4.2 The laboratory must add a known amount of each analyte to
a minimum of 10% of the routine samples. In each case the LFM
aliquot must be a duplicate of the aliquot used for sample analysis
and for total recoverable determinations added prior to sample
preparation. For water samples, the added analyte concentration must
be the same as that used in the laboratory fortified blank (Section
7.10.3). For solid samples, however, the concentration added should
be expressed as mg/kg and is calculated for a one gram aliquot by
multiplying the added analyte concentration (mg/L) in solution by
the conversion factor 100 (mg/L x 0.1L/0.001kg = 100, Section 12.5).
(For notes on Ag, Ba, and Sn see Sections 1.7 and 1.8.) Over time,
samples from all routine sample sources should be fortified.
Note: The concentration of calcium, magnesium, sodium and
strontium in environmental waters, along with iron and aluminum in
solids can vary greatly and are not necessarily predictable.
Fortifying these analytes in routine samples at the same
concentration used for the LFB may prove to be of little use in
assessing data quality for these analytes. For these analytes sample
dilution and reanalysis using the criteria given in Section 9.5.2 is
recommended. Also, if specified by the data user, laboratory or
program, samples can be fortified at higher concentrations, but even
major constituents should be limited to <25 mg/L so as not to alter
the sample matrix and affect the analysis.
9.4.3 Calculate the percent recovery for each analyte, corrected
for background concentrations measured in the unfortified sample,
and compare these values to the designated LFM recovery range of 70-
130% or a 3-sigma recovery range calculated from the regression
equations given in Table 9.\16\ Recovery calculations are not
required if the concentration added is less than 30% of the sample
background concentration. Percent recovery may be calculated in
units appropriate to the matrix, using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18MY12.003
Where:
R = percent recovery
Cs = fortified sample concentration
C = sample background concentration
s = concentration equivalent of analyte added to fortify the sample
9.4.4 If the recovery of any analyte falls outside the
designated LFM recovery range, and the laboratory performance for
that analyte is shown to be in control (Section 9.3), the recovery
problem encountered with the fortified sample is judged to be matrix
related, not system related. The data user should be informed that
the result for that analyte in the unfortified sample is suspect due
to either the heterogeneous nature of the sample or matrix effects
and analysis by method of standard addition or the use of an
internal standard(s) (Section 11.5) should be considered.
9.4.5 Where reference materials are available, they should be
analyzed to provide additional performance data. The analysis of
reference samples is a valuable tool for demonstrating the ability
to perform the method acceptably. Reference materials containing
high concentrations of analytes can provide additional information
on the performance of the spectral interference correction routine.
9.5 Assess the possible need for the method of standard
additions (MSA) or internal standard elements by the following
tests. Directions for using MSA or internal standard(s) are given in
Section 11.5.
9.5.1 Analyte addition test: An analyte(s) standard added to a
portion of a prepared
[[Page 29821]]
sample, or its dilution, should be recovered to within 85% to 115%
of the known value. The analyte(s) addition should produce a minimum
level of 20 times and a maximum of 100 times the method detection
limit. If the analyte addition is <20% of the sample analyte
concentration, the following dilution test should be used. If
recovery of the analyte(s) is not within the specified limits, a
matrix effect should be suspected, and the associated data flagged
accordingly. The method of additions or the use of an appropriate
internal standard element may provide more accurate data.
9.5.2 Dilution test: If the analyte concentration is
sufficiently high (minimally, a factor of 50 above the instrument
detection limit in the original solution but <90% of the linear
limit), an analysis of a 1 + 4 dilution should agree (after
correction for the fivefold dilution) within 10% of the original
determination. If not, a chemical or physical interference effect
should be suspected and the associated data flagged accordingly. The
method of standard additions or the use of an internal-standard
element may provide more accurate data for samples failing this
test.
10.0 Calibration and Standardization
10.1 Specific wavelengths are listed in Table 1. Other
wavelengths may be substituted if they can provide the needed
sensitivity and are corrected for spectral interference. However,
because of the difference among various makes and models of
spectrometers, specific instrument operating conditions cannot be
given. The instrument and operating conditions utilized for
determination must be capable of providing data of acceptable
quality to the program and data user. The analyst should follow the
instructions provided by the instrument manufacturer unless other
conditions provide similar or better performance for a task.
Operating conditions for aqueous solutions usually vary from 1100-
1200 watts forward power, 15-16 mm viewing height, 15-19 L/min.
argon coolant flow, 0.6-1 L/min. argon aerosol flow, 1-1.8 mL/min.
sample pumping rate with a one minute preflush time and measurement
time near 1 s per wavelength peak (for sequential instruments) and
near 10 s per sample (for simultaneous instruments). Use of the Cu/
Mn intensity ratio at 324.754 nm and 257.610 nm (by adjusting the
argon aerosol flow) has been recommended as a way to achieve
repeatable interference correction factors.\17\
10.2 Prior to using this method optimize the plasma operating
conditions. The following procedure is recommended for vertically
configured plasmas. The purpose of plasma optimization is to provide
a maximum signal-to-background ratio for the least sensitive element
in the analytical array. The use of a mass flow controller to
regulate the nebulizer gas flow rate greatly facilitates the
procedure.
10.2.1 Ignite the plasma and select an appropriate incident rf
power with minimum reflected power. Allow the instrument to become
thermally stable before beginning. This usually requires at least 30
to 60 minutes of operation. While aspirating the 1000 [mu]g/mL
solution of yttrium (Section 7.8.32), follow the instrument
manufacturer's instructions and adjust the aerosol carrier gas flow
rate through the nebulizer so a definitive blue emission region of
the plasma extends approximately from 5-20 mm above the top of the
work coil.\18\ Record the nebulizer gas flow rate or pressure
setting for future reference.
10.2.2 After establishing the nebulizer gas flow rate, determine
the solution uptake rate of the nebulizer in mL/min. by aspirating a
known volume calibration blank for a period of at least three
minutes. Divide the spent volume by the aspiration time (in minutes)
and record the uptake rate. Set the peristaltic pump to deliver the
uptake rate in a steady even flow.
10.2.3 After horizontally aligning the plasma and/or optically
profiling the spectrometer, use the selected instrument conditions
from Sections 10.2.1 and 10.2.2, and aspirate the plasma solution
(Section 7.15), containing 10 [mu]g/mL each of As, Pb, Se and Tl.
Collect intensity data at the wavelength peak for each analyte at 1
mm intervals from 14-18 mm above the top of the work coil. (This
region of the plasma is commonly referred to as the analytical
zone.)\19\ Repeat the process using the calibration blank. Determine
the net signal to blank intensity ratio for each analyte for each
viewing height setting. Choose the height for viewing the plasma
that provides the largest intensity ratio for the least sensitive
element of the four analytes. If more than one position provides the
same ratio, select the position that provides the highest net
intensity counts for the least sensitive element or accept a
compromise position of the intensity ratios of all four analytes.
10.2.4 The instrument operating condition finally selected as
being optimum should provide the lowest reliable instrument
detection limits and method detection limits. Refer to Tables 1 and
4 for comparison of IDLs and MDLs, respectively.
10.2.5 If either the instrument operating conditions, such as
incident power and/or nebulizer gas flow rate are changed, or a new
torch injector tube having a different orifice i.d. is installed,
the plasma and plasma viewing height should be reoptimized.
10.2.6 Before daily calibration and after the instrument warmup
period, the nebulizer gas flow must be reset to the determined
optimized flow. If a mass flow controller is being used, it should
be reset to the recorded optimized flow rate. In order to maintain
valid spectral interelement correction routines the nebulizer gas
flow rate should be the same from day-to-day (<2% change). The
change in signal intensity with a change in nebulizer gas flow rate
for both ``hard'' (Pb 220.353 nm) and ``soft'' (Cu 324.754) lines is
illustrated in Figure 1.
10.3 Before using the procedure (Section 11.0) to analyze
samples, there must be data available documenting initial
demonstration of performance. The required data and procedure is
described in Section 9.2. This data must be generated using the same
instrument operating conditions and calibration routine (Section
11.4) to be used for sample analysis. These documented data must be
kept on file and be available for review by the data user.
10.4 After completing the initial demonstration of performance,
but before analyzing samples, the laboratory must establish and
initially verify an interelement spectral interference correction
routine to be used during sample analysis. A general description
concerning spectral interference and the analytical requirements for
background correction and for correction of interelement spectral
interference in particular are given in Section 4.1. To determine
the appropriate location for background correction and to establish
the interelement interference correction routine, repeated spectral
scan about the analyte wavelength and repeated analyses of the
single element solutions may be required. Criteria for determining
an interelement spectral interference is an apparent positive or
negative concentration on the analyte that is outside the 3-sigma
control limits of the calibration blank for the analyte. (The upper-
control limit is the analyte IDL.) Once established, the entire
routine must be initially and periodically verified annually, or
whenever there is a change in instrument operating conditions
(Section 10.2.5). Only a portion of the correction routine must be
verified more frequently or on a daily basis. Test criteria and
required solutions are described in Section 7.13. Initial and
periodic verification data of the routine should be kept on file.
Special cases where on-going verification are required is described
in Section 7.14.
11.0 Procedure
11.1 Aqueous Sample Preparation--Dissolved Analytes
11.1.1 For the determination of dissolved analytes in ground and
surface waters, pipet an aliquot (20 mL) of the filtered, acid
preserved sample into a 50 mL polypropylene centrifuge tube. Add an
appropriate volume of (1 + 1) nitric acid to adjust the acid
concentration of the aliquot to approximate a 1% (v[sol]v) nitric
acid solution (e.g., add 0.4 mL (1 + 1) HNO3 to a 20 mL
aliquot of sample). Cap the tube and mix. The sample is now ready
for analysis (Section 1.3). Allowance for sample dilution should be
made in the calculations. (If mercury is to be determined, a
separate aliquot must be additionally acidified to contain 1%
(v[sol]v) HCl to match the signal response of mercury in the
calibration standard and reduce memory interference effects. Section
1.9).
Note: If a precipitate is formed during acidification,
transport, or storage, the sample aliquot must be treated using the
procedure described in Sections 11.2.2 through 11.2.7 prior to
analysis.
11.2 Aqueous Sample Preparation--Total Recoverable Analytes
11.2.1 For the ``direct analysis'' of total recoverable analytes
in drinking water samples containing turbidity <1 NTU, treat an
unfiltered acid preserved sample aliquot using the sample
preparation procedure described in Section 11.1.1 while making
allowance for sample dilution in the data calculation (Section 1.2).
For the determination of total recoverable analytes in all other
aqueous samples or for
[[Page 29822]]
preconcentrating drinking water samples prior to analysis follow the
procedure given in Sections 11.2.2 through 11.2.7.
11.2.2 For the determination of total recoverable analytes in
aqueous samples (other than drinking water with <1 NTU turbidity),
transfer a 100 mL (1 mL) aliquot from a well mixed, acid preserved
sample to a 250 mL Griffin beaker (Sections 1.2, 1.3, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8,
and 1.9). (When necessary, smaller sample aliquot volumes may be
used.)
Note: If the sample contains undissolved solids >1%, a well
mixed, acid preserved aliquot containing no more than 1 g
particulate material should be cautiously evaporated to near 10 mL
and extracted using the acid-mixture procedure described in Sections
11.3.3 through 11.3.6.
11.2.3 Add 2 mL (1+1) nitric acid and 1.0 mL of (1+1)
hydrochloric acid to the beaker containing the measured volume of
sample. Place the beaker on the hot plate for solution evaporation.
The hot plate should be located in a fume hood and previously
adjusted to provide evaporation at a temperature of approximately
but no higher than 85 [deg]C. (See the following note.) The beaker
should be covered with an elevated watch glass or other necessary
steps should be taken to prevent sample contamination from the fume
hood environment.
Note: For proper heating adjust the temperature control of the
hot plate such that an uncovered Griffin beaker containing 50 mL of
water placed in the center of the hot plate can be maintained at a
temperature approximately but no higher than 85 [deg]C. (Once the
beaker is covered with a watch glass the temperature of the water
will rise to approximately 95 [deg]C.)
11.2.4 Reduce the volume of the sample aliquot to about 20 mL by
gentle heating at 85 [deg]C. DO NOT BOIL. This step takes about two
hours for a 100 mL aliquot with the rate of evaporation rapidly
increasing as the sample volume approaches 20 mL. (A spare beaker
containing 20 mL of water can be used as a gauge.)
11.2.5 Cover the lip of the beaker with a watch glass to reduce
additional evaporation and gently reflux the sample for 30 minutes.
(Slight boiling may occur, but vigorous boiling must be avoided to
prevent loss of the HCl-H2O azeotrope.)
11.2.6 Allow the beaker to cool. Quantitatively transfer the
sample solution to a 50 mL volumetric flask, make to volume with
reagent water, stopper and mix.
11.2.7 Allow any undissolved material to settle overnight, or
centrifuge a portion of the prepared sample until clear. (If after
centrifuging or standing overnight the sample contains suspended
solids that would clog the nebulizer, a portion of the sample may be
filtered for their removal prior to analysis. However, care should
be exercised to avoid potential contamination from filtration.) The
sample is now ready for analysis. Because the effects of various
matrices on the stability of diluted samples cannot be
characterized, all analyses should be performed as soon as possible
after the completed preparation.
11.3 Solid Sample Preparation--Total Recoverable Analytes
11.3.1 For the determination of total recoverable analytes in
solid samples, mix the sample thoroughly and transfer a portion (>20
g) to tared weighing dish, weigh the sample and record the wet
weight (WW). (For samples with <35% moisture a 20 g portion is
sufficient. For samples with moisture >35% a larger aliquot 50-100 g
is required.) Dry the sample to a constant weight at 60 [deg]C and
record the dry weight (DW) for calculation of percent solids
(Section 12.6). (The sample is dried at 60 [deg]C to prevent the
loss of mercury and other possible volatile metallic compounds, to
facilitate sieving, and to ready the sample for grinding.)
11.3.2 To achieve homogeneity, sieve the dried sample using a 5-
mesh polypropylene sieve and grind in a mortar and pestle. (The
sieve, mortar and pestle should be cleaned between samples.) From
the dried, ground material weigh accurately a representative 1.0
0.01 g aliquot (W) of the sample and transfer to a 250
mL Phillips beaker for acid extraction (Sections 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, and
1.9).
11.3.3 To the beaker add 4 mL of (1+1) HNO3 and 10 mL
of (1+4) HCl. Cover the lip of the beaker with a watch glass. Place
the beaker on a hot plate for reflux extraction of the analytes. The
hot plate should be located in a fume hood and previously adjusted
to provide a reflux temperature of approximately 95 [deg]C. (See the
following note.)
Note: For proper heating adjust the temperature control of the
hot plate such that an uncovered Griffin beaker containing 50 mL of
water placed in the center of the hot plate can be maintained at a
temperature approximately but no higher than 85 [deg]C. (Once the
beaker is covered with a watch glass the temperature of the water
will rise to approximately 95 [deg]C.) Also, a block digester
capable of maintaining a temperature of 95 [deg]C and equipped with
250 mL constricted volumetric digestion tubes may be substituted for
the hot plate and conical beakers in the extraction step.
11.3.4 Heat the sample and gently reflux for 30 minutes. Very
slight boiling may occur, however vigorous boiling must be avoided
to prevent loss of the HCl-H2O azeotrope. Some solution
evaporation will occur (3-4 mL).
11.3.5 Allow the sample to cool and quantitatively transfer the
extract to a 100 mL volumetric flask. Dilute to volume with reagent
water, stopper and mix.
11.3.6 Allow the sample extract solution to stand overnight to
separate insoluble material or centrifuge a portion of the sample
solution until clear. (If after centrifuging or standing overnight
the extract solution contains suspended solids that would clog the
nebulizer, a portion of the extract solution may be filtered for
their removal prior to analysis. However, care should be exercised
to avoid potential contamination from filtration.) The sample
extract is now ready for analysis. Because the effects of various
matrices on the stability of diluted samples cannot be
characterized, all analyses should be performed as soon as possible
after the completed preparation.
11.4 Sample Analysis
11.4.1 Prior to daily calibration of the instrument inspect the
sample introduction system including the nebulizer, torch, injector
tube and uptake tubing for salt deposits, dirt and debris that would
restrict solution flow and affect instrument performance. Clean the
system when needed or on a daily basis.
11.4.2 Configure the instrument system to the selected power and
operating conditions as determined in Sections 10.1 and 10.2.
11.4.3 The instrument must be allowed to become thermally stable
before calibration and analyses. This usually requires at least 30
to 60 minutes of operation. After instrument warmup, complete any
required optical profiling or alignment particular to the
instrument.
11.4.4 For initial and daily operation calibrate the instrument
according to the instrument manufacturer's recommended procedures,
using mixed calibration standard solutions (Section 7.9) and the
calibration blank (Section 7.10.1). A peristaltic pump must be used
to introduce all solutions to the nebulizer. To allow equilibrium to
be reached in the plasma, aspirate all solutions for 30 seconds
after reaching the plasma before beginning integration of the
background corrected signal to accumulate data. When possible, use
the average value of replicate integration periods of the signal to
be correlated to the analyte concentration. Flush the system with
the rinse blank (Section 7.10.4) for a minimum of 60 seconds
(Section 4.4) between each standard. The calibration line should
consist of a minimum of a calibration blank and a high standard.
Replicates of the blank and highest standard provide an optimal
distribution of calibration standards to minimize the confidence
band for a straight-line calibration in a response region with
uniform variance.\20\
11.4.5 After completion of the initial requirements of this
method (Sections 10.3 and 10.4), samples should be analyzed in the
same operational manner used in the calibration routine with the
rinse blank also being used between all sample solutions, LFBs,
LFMs, and check solutions (Section 7.10.4).
11.4.6 During the analysis of samples, the laboratory must
comply with the required quality control described in Sections 9.3
and 9.4. Only for the determination of dissolved analytes or the
``direct analysis'' of drinking water with turbidity of <1 NTU is
the sample digestion step of the LRB, LFB, and LFM not required.
11.4.7 Determined sample analyte concentrations that are 90% or
more of the upper limit of the analyte LDR must be diluted with
reagent water that has been acidified in the same manner as
calibration blank and reanalyzed (see Section 11.4.8). Also, for the
interelement spectral interference correction routines to remain
valid during sample analysis, the interferant concentration must not
exceed its LDR. If the interferant LDR is exceeded, sample dilution
with acidified reagent water and reanalysis is required. In these
circumstances analyte detection limits are raised and determination
by another approved test procedure that is either more sensitive
and/or interference free is recommended.
[[Page 29823]]
11.4.8 When it is necessary to assess an operative matrix
interference (e.g., signal reduction due to high dissolved solids),
the tests described in Section 9.5 are recommended.
11.4.9 Report data as directed in Section 12.0.
11.5 If the method of standard additions (MSA) is used,
standards are added at one or more levels to portions of a prepared
sample. This technique \21\ compensates for enhancement or
depression of an analyte signal by a matrix. It will not correct for
additive interferences such as contamination, interelement
interferences, or baseline shifts. This technique is valid in the
linear range when the interference effect is constant over the
range, the added analyte responds the same as the endogenous
analyte, and the signal is corrected for additive interferences. The
simplest version of this technique is the single-addition method.
This procedure calls for two identical aliquots of the sample
solution to be taken. To the first aliquot, a small volume of
standard is added; while to the second aliquot, a volume of acid
blank is added equal to the standard addition. The sample
concentration is calculated by the following:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18MY12.004
Where:
C = Concentration of the standard solution (mg/L)
S1 = Signal for fortified aliquot
S2 = Signal for unfortified aliquot
V1 = Volume of the standard addition (L)
V2 = Volume of the sample aliquot (L) used for MSA
For more than one fortified portion of the prepared sample,
linear regression analysis can be applied using a computer or
calculator program to obtain the concentration of the sample
solution. An alternative to using the method of standard additions
is use of the internal standard technique by adding one or more
elements (not in the samples and verified not to cause an
uncorrected interelement spectral interference) at the same
concentration (which is sufficient for optimum precision) to the
prepared samples (blanks and standards) that are affected the same
as the analytes by the sample matrix. Use the ratio of analyte
signal to the internal standard signal for calibration and
quantitation.
12.0 Data Analysis and Calculations
12.1 Sample data should be reported in units of mg/L for aqueous
samples and mg/kg dry weight for solid samples.
12.2 For dissolved aqueous analytes (Section 11.1) report the
data generated directly from the instrument with allowance for
sample dilution. Do not report analyte concentrations below the IDL.
12.3 For total recoverable aqueous analytes (Section 11.2),
multiply solution analyte concentrations by the dilution factor 0.5,
when 100 mL aliquot is used to produce the 50 mL final solution, and
report data as instructed in Section 12.4. If a different aliquot
volume other than 100 mL is used for sample preparation, adjust the
dilution factor accordingly. Also, account for any additional
dilution of the prepared sample solution needed to complete the
determination of analytes exceeding 90% or more of the LDR upper
limit. Do not report data below the determined analyte MDL
concentration or below an adjusted detection limit reflecting
smaller sample aliquots used in processing or additional dilutions
required to complete the analysis.
12.4 For analytes with MDLs <0.01 mg/L, round the data values to
the thousandth place and report analyte concentrations up to three
significant figures. For analytes with MDLs <0.01 mg/L round the
data values to the 100th place and report analyte concentrations up
to three significant figures. Extract concentrations for solids data
should be rounded in a similar manner before calculations in Section
12.5 are performed.
12.5 For total recoverable analytes in solid samples (Section
11.3), round the solution analyte concentrations (mg/L) as
instructed in Section 12.4. Report the data up to three significant
figures as mg/kg dry-weight basis unless specified otherwise by the
program or data user. Calculate the concentration using the equation
below:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18MY12.005
Where:
C = Concentration in extract (mg/L)
V = Volume of extract (L, 100 mL = 0.1L)
D = Dilution factor (undiluted = 1)
W = Weight of sample aliquot extracted (g x 0.001 = kg)
Do not report analyte data below the estimated solids MDL or an
adjusted MDL because of additional dilutions required to complete
the analysis.
12.6 To report percent solids in solid samples (Section 11.3)
calculate as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18MY12.006
Where:
DW = Sample weight (g) dried at 60 [ordm]C
WW = Sample weight (g) before drying
Note: If the data user, program or laboratory requires that the
reported percent solids be determined by drying at 105 [deg]C,
repeat the procedure given in Section 11.3 using a separate portion
(>20 g) of the sample and dry to constant weight at 103-105 [deg]C.
12.7 The QC data obtained during the analyses provide an
indication of the quality of the sample data and should be provided
with the sample results.
13.0 Method Performance
13.1 Listed in Table 4 are typical single laboratory total
recoverable MDLs determined for the recommended wavelengths using
simultaneous ICP-AES and the operating conditions given in Table 5.
The MDLs were determined in reagent blank matrix (best case
situation). PTFE beakers were used to avoid boron and silica
contamination from glassware with the final dilution to 50 mL
completed in polypropylene centrifuged tubes. The listed MDLs for
solids are estimates and were calculated from the aqueous MDL
determinations.
13.2 Data obtained from single laboratory method testing are
summarized in Table 6 for five types of water samples consisting of
drinking water, surface water, ground water, and two wastewater
effluents. The data presented cover all analytes except cerium and
titanium. Samples were prepared using the procedure described in
Section 11.2. For each matrix, five replicate aliquots were
prepared, analyzed and the average of the five determinations used
to define the sample background concentration of each analyte. In
addition, two pairs of duplicates were fortified at different
concentration levels. For each method analyte, the sample background
concentration, mean percent recovery, standard deviation of the
percent recovery, and relative percent difference between the
duplicate fortified samples are listed in Table 6. The variance of
the five replicate sample background determinations is included in
the calculated standard deviation of the percent recovery when the
analyte concentration in the sample was greater than the MDL. The
tap and well waters were processed in Teflon and quartz beakers and
diluted in polypropylene centrifuged tubes. The nonuse of
borosilicate glassware is reflected in the precision and recovery
data for boron and silica in those two sample types.
13.3 Data obtained from single laboratory method testing are
summarized in Table 7 for three solid samples consisting of EPA 884
Hazardous Soil, SRM 1645 River Sediment, and EPA 286 Electroplating
Sludge. Samples were prepared using the procedure described in
Section 11.3. For each method analyte, the sample background
concentration, mean percent recovery of the fortified additions, the
standard deviation of the percent
[[Page 29824]]
recovery, and relative percent difference between duplicate
additions were determined as described in Section 13.2. Data
presented are for all analytes except cerium, silica, and titanium.
Limited comparative data to other methods and SRM materials are
presented in Reference 23 of Section 16.0.
13.4 Performance data for aqueous solutions independent of
sample preparation from a multilaboratory study are provided in
Table 8.\22\
13.5 Listed in Table 9 are regression equations for precision
and bias for 25 analytes abstracted from EPA Method Study 27, a
multilaboratory validation study of Method 200.7.\1\ These equations
were developed from data received from 12 laboratories using the
total recoverable sample preparation procedure on reagent water,
drinking water, surface water and three industrial effluents. For a
complete review and description of the study, see Reference 16 of
Section 16.0.
14.0 Pollution Prevention
14.1 Pollution prevention encompasses any technique that reduces
or eliminates the quantity or toxicity of waste at the point of
generation. Numerous opportunities for pollution prevention exist in
laboratory operation. The EPA has established a preferred hierarchy
of environmental management techniques that places pollution
prevention as the management option of first choice. Whenever
feasible, laboratory personnel should use pollution prevention
techniques to address their waste generation (e.g., Section 7.8).
When wastes cannot be feasibly reduced at the source, the Agency
recommends recycling as the next best option.
14.2 For information about pollution prevention that may be
applicable to laboratories and research institutions, consult ``Less
is Better: Laboratory Chemical Management for Waste Reduction'',
available from the American Chemical Society's Department of
Government Relations and Science Policy, 1155 16th Street NW.,
Washington, DC 20036, (202) 872-4477.
15.0 Waste Management
15.1 The Environmental Protection Agency requires that
laboratory waste management practices be conducted consistent with
all applicable rules and regulations. The Agency urges laboratories
to protect the air, water, and land by minimizing and controlling
all releases from hoods and bench operations, complying with the
letter and spirit of any sewer discharge permits and regulations,
and by complying with all solid and hazardous waste regulations,
particularly the hazardous waste identification rules and land
disposal restrictions. For further information on waste management
consult ``The Waste Management Manual for Laboratory Personnel'',
available from the American Chemical Society at the address listed
in the Section 14.2.
16.0 References
1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Inductively Coupled Plasma--
Atomic Emission Spectrometric Method for Trace Element Analysis of
Water and Wastes--Method 200.7, Dec. 1982. EPA-600/4-79-020, revised
March 1983.
2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Inductively Coupled Plasma
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy Method 6010, SW-846 Test Methods for
Evaluating Solid Waste, 3rd Edition, 1986.
3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Method 200.7: Determination of
Metals and Trace Elements in Water and Wastes by Inductively Coupled
Plasma--Atomic Emission Spectrometry, revision 3.3, EPA 600 4-91/010,
June 1991.
4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Inductively Coupled Plasma--
Atomic Emission Spectrometry Method for the Analysis of Waters and
Solids, EMMC, July 1992.
5. Fassel, V.A. et al. Simultaneous Determination of Wear Metals in
Lubricating Oils by Inductively-Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission
Spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 48:516-519, 1976.
6. Merryfield, R.N. and R.C. Loyd. Simultaneous Determination of Metals
in Oil by Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometry. Anal. Chem.
51:1965-1968, 1979.
7. Winge, R.K. et al. Inductively Coupled Plasma--Atomic Emission
Spectroscopy: An Atlas of Spectral Information, Physical Science Data
20. Elsevier Science Publishing, New York, New York, 1985.
8. Boumans, P.W.J.M. Line Coincidence Tables for Inductively Coupled
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry, 2nd edition. Pergamon Press,
Oxford, United Kingdom, 1984.
9. Carcinogens--Working With Carcinogens, Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease
Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health,
Publication No. 77-206, Aug. 1977. Available from the National
Technical Information Service (NTIS) as PB-277256.
10. OSHA Safety and Health Standards, General Industry, (29 CFR 1910),
Occupational Safety and Health Administration, OSHA 2206, (Revised,
January 1976).
11. Safety in Academic Chemistry Laboratories, American Chemical
Society Publication, Committee on Chemical Safety, 3rd Edition, 1979.
12. Proposed OSHA Safety and Health Standards, Laboratories,
Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Federal Register, July
24, 1986.
13. Rohrbough, W.G. et al. Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society
Specifications, 7th edition. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC,
1986.
14. American Society for Testing and Materials. Standard Specification
for Reagent Water, D1193-77. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 11.01.
Philadelphia, PA, 1991.
15. Code of Federal Regulations 40, Ch. 1, Pt. 136 Appendix B.
16. Maxfield, R. and B. Mindak. EPA Method Study 27, Method 200.7 Trace
Metals by ICP, Nov. 1983. Available from National Technical Information
Service (NTIS) as PB 85-248-656.
17. Botto, R.I. Quality Assurance in Operating a Multielement ICP
Emission Spectrometer. Spectrochim. Acta, 39B(1):95-113, 1984.
18. Wallace, G.F., Some Factors Affecting the Performance of an ICP
Sample Introduction System. Atomic Spectroscopy, Vol. 4, p. 188-192,
1983.
19. Koirtyohann, S.R. et al. Nomenclature System for the Low-Power
Argon Inductively Coupled Plasma, Anal. Chem. 52:1965, 1980.
20. Deming, S.N. and S.L. Morgan. Experimental Design for Quality and
Productivity in Research, Development, and Manufacturing, Part III, pp.
119-123. Short course publication by Statistical Designs, 9941 Rowlett,
Suite 6, Houston, TX 77075, 1989.
21. Winefordner, J.D., Trace Analysis: Spectroscopic Methods for
Elements, Chemical Analysis, Vol. 46, pp. 41-42.
22. Jones, C.L. et al. An Interlaboratory Study of Inductively Coupled
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy Method 6010 and Digestion Method
3050. EPA-600/4-87-032, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Las
Vegas, Nevada, 1987.
23. Martin, T.D., E.R. Martin and SE. Long. Method 200.2: Sample
Preparation Procedure for Spectrochemical Analyses of Total Recoverable
Elements, EMSL ORD, USEPA, 1989.
17.0 Tables, Diagrams, Flowcharts, and Validation Data
[[Page 29825]]
Table 1--Wavelengths, Estimated Instrument Detection Limits, and Recommended Calibration
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Estimated
Wavelength\a\ detection Calibrate\c\ to
Analyte (nm) limit\b\ ([mu]g/ (mg/L)
L)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aluminum.................................................. 308.215 45 10
Antimony.................................................. 206.833 32 5
Arsenic................................................... 193.759 53 10
Barium.................................................... 493.409 2.3 1
Beryllium................................................. 313.042 0.27 1
Boron..................................................... 249.678 5.7 1
Cadmium................................................... 226.502 3.4 2
Calcium................................................... 315.887 30 10
Cerium.................................................... 413.765 48 2
Chromium.................................................. 205.552 6.1 5
Cobalt.................................................... 228.616 7.0 2
Copper.................................................... 324.754 5.4 2
Iron...................................................... 259.940 6.2 10
Lead...................................................... 220.353 42 10
Lithium................................................... 670.784 \d\ 3.7 5
Magnesium................................................. 279.079 30 10
Manganese................................................. 257.610 1.4 2
Mercury................................................... 194.227 2.5 2
Molybdenum................................................ 203.844 12 10
Nickel.................................................... 231.604 15 2
Phosphorus................................................ 214.914 76 10
Potassium................................................. 766.491 \e\ 700 20
Selenium.................................................. 196.090 75 5
Silica (SiO2)............................................. 251.611 \d\ 26 (SiO2) 10
Silver.................................................... 328.068 7.0 0.5
Sodium.................................................... 588.995 29 10
Strontium................................................. 421.552 0.77 1
Thallium.................................................. 190.864 40 5
Tin....................................................... 189.980 25 4
Titanium.................................................. 334.941 3.8 10
Vanadium.................................................. 292.402 7.5 2
Zinc...................................................... 213.856 1.8 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ The wavelengths listed are recommended because of their sensitivity and overall acceptability. Other
wavelengths may be substituted if they can provide the needed sensitivity and are treated with the same
corrective techniques for spectral interference (see Section 4.1).
\b\ These estimated 3-sigma instrumental detection limits \16\ are provided only as a guide to instrumental
limits. The method detection limits are sample dependent and may vary as the sample matrix varies. Detection
limits for solids can be estimated by dividing these values by the grams extracted per liter, which depends
upon the extraction procedure. Divide solution detection limits by 10 for 1 g extracted to 100 mL for solid
detection limits.
\c\ Suggested concentration for instrument calibration.\2\ Other calibration limits in the linear ranges may be
used.
\d\ Calculated from 2-sigma data.\5\
\e\ Highly dependent on operating conditions and plasma position.
[[Page 29826]]
TABLE 2--On-Line Method Interelement Spectral Interferances Arising From Interferants at the 100 mg/L Level
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Analyte Wavelength (nm) Interferant*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ag......................................... 328.068 Ce, Ti, Mn
Al......................................... 308.215 V, Mo, Ce, Mn
As......................................... 193.759 V, Al, Co, Fe, Ni
B.......................................... 249.678 None
Ba......................................... 493.409 None
Be......................................... 313.042 V, Ce
Ca......................................... 315.887 Co, Mo, Ce
Cd......................................... 226.502 Ni, Ti, Fe, Ce
Ce......................................... 413.765 None
Co......................................... 228.616 Ti, Ba, Cd, Ni, Cr, Mo, Ce
Cr......................................... 205.552 Be, Mo, Ni
Cu......................................... 324.754 Mo, Ti
Fe......................................... 259.940 None
Hg......................................... 194.227 V, Mo
K.......................................... 766.491 None
Li......................................... 670.784 None
Mg......................................... 279.079 Ce
Mn......................................... 257.610 Ce
Mo......................................... 203.844 Ce
Na......................................... 588.995 None
Ni......................................... 231.604 Co, Tl
P.......................................... 214.914 Cu, Mo
Pb......................................... 220.353 Co, Al, Ce, Cu, Ni, Ti, Fe
Sb......................................... 206.833 Cr, Mo, Sn, Ti, Ce, Fe
Se......................................... 196.099 Fe
SiO2....................................... 251.611 None
Sn......................................... 189.980 Mo, Ti, Fe, Mn, Si
Sr......................................... 421.552 None
Tl......................................... 190.864 Ti, Mo, Co, Ce, Al, V, Mn
Ti......................................... 334.941 None
V.......................................... 292.402 Mo, Ti, Cr, Fe, Ce
Zn......................................... 213.856 Ni, Cu, Fe
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* These on-line interferences from method analytes and titanium only were observed using an instrument with
0.035 nm resolution (see Section 4.1.2). Interferant ranked by magnitude of intensity with the most severe
interferant listed first in the row.
TABLE 3--Mixed Standard Solutions
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Solution Analytes
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I......................................... Ag, As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cu, Mn, Sb, and Se
II........................................ K, Li, Mo, Na, Sr, and Ti
III....................................... Co, P, V, and Ce
IV........................................ Al, Cr, Hg, SiO2, Sn, and Zn
V......................................... Be, Fe, Mg, Ni, Pb, and Tl
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE 4--Total Recoverable Method Detection Limits (MDL)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
MDLs Aqueous, mg/
Analyte L\(1)\ Solids, mg/kg\(2)\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ag.............................. 0.002 0.3
Al.............................. 0.02 3
As.............................. 0.008 2
B............................... 0.003 --
Ba.............................. 0.001 0.2
Be.............................. 0.0003 0.1
Ca.............................. 0.01 2
Cd.............................. 0.001 0.2
Ce.............................. 0.02 3
Co.............................. 0.002 0.4
Cr.............................. 0.004 0.8
Cu.............................. 0.003 0.5
Fe.............................. *0.03 6
Hg.............................. 0.007 2
K............................... 0.3 60
Li.............................. 0.001 0.2
Mg.............................. 0.02 3
Mn.............................. 0.001 0.2
Mo.............................. 0.004 1
[[Page 29827]]
Na.............................. 0.03 6
Ni.............................. 0.005 1
P............................... 0.06 12
Pb.............................. 0.01 2
Sb.............................. 0.008 2
Se.............................. 0.02 5
SiO2............................ 0.02 --
Sn.............................. 0.007 2
Sr.............................. 0.0003 0.1
Tl.............................. 0.001 0.2
Ti.............................. 0.02 3
V............................... 0.003 1
Zn.............................. 0.002 0.3
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\(1)\ MDL concentrations are computed for original matrix with allowance
for 2x sample preconcentration during preparation. Samples were
processed in PTFE and diluted in 50-mL plastic centrifuge tubes.
\(2)\ Estimated, calculated from aqueous MDL determinations.
-- Boron not reported because of glassware contamination. Silica not
determined in solid samples.
* Elevated value due to fume-hood contamination.
TABLE 5--Inductively Coupled Plasma Instrument Operating Conditions
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Incident rf power........................ 1100 watts
Reflected rf power....................... <5 watts
Viewing height above work coil........... 15 mm
Injector tube orifice i.d................ 1 mm
Argon supply............................. liquid argon
Argon pressure........................... 40 psi
Coolant argon flow rate.................. 19 L/min.
Aerosol carrier argon flow rate.......... 620 mL/min.
Auxiliary (plasma) argon flow rate....... 300 mL/min.
Sample uptake rate controlled to......... 1.2 mL/min.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 6--Precision and Recovery Data in Aqueous Matrices
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average Average
Analyte Sample Low spike recovery R S (R) RPD High spike recovery R S (R) RPD
conc. mg/L mg/L (%) mg/L (%)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tap Water
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ag................................. <0.002 0.05 95 0.7 2.1 0.2 96 0.0 0.0
Al................................. 0.185 0.05 98 8.8 1.7 0.2 105 3.0 3.1
As................................. <0.008 0.05 108 1.4 3.7 0.2 101 0.7 2.0
B.................................. 0.023 0.1 98 0.2 0.0 0.4 98 0.2 0.5
Ba................................. 0.042 0.05 102 1.6 2.2 0.2 98 0.4 0.8
Be................................. <0.0003 0.01 100 0.0 0.0 0.1 99 0.0 0.0
Ca................................. 35.2 5.0 101 8.8 1.7 20.0 103 2.0 0.9
Cd................................. <0.001 0.01 105 3.5 9.5 0.1 98 0.0 0.0
Co................................. <0.002 0.02 100 0.0 0.0 0.2 99 0.5 1.5
Cr................................. <0.004 0.01 110 0.0 0.0 0.1 102 0.0 0.0
Cu................................. <0.003 0.02 103 1.8 4.9 0.2 101 1.2 3.5
Fe................................. 0.008 0.1 106 1.0 1.8 0.4 105 0.3 0.5
Hg................................. <0.007 0.05 103 0.7 1.9 0.2 100 0.4 1.0
K.................................. 1.98 5.0 109 1.4 2.3 20. 107 0.7 1.7
Li................................. 0.006 0.02 103 6.9 3.8 0.2 110 1.9 4.4
Mg................................. 8.08 5.0 104 2.2 1.5 20.0 100 0.7 1.1
Mn................................. <0.001 0.01 100 0.0 0.0 0.1 99 0.0 0.0
Mo................................. <0.004 0.02 95 3.5 10.5 0.2 108 0.5 1.4
Na................................. 10.3 5.0 99 3.0 2.0 20.0 106 1.0 1.6
Ni................................. <0.005 0.02 108 1.8 4.7 0.2 104 1.1 2.9
P.................................. 0.045 0.1 102 13.1 9.4 0.4 104 3.2 1.3
Pb................................. <0.01 0.05 95 0.7 2.1 0.2 100 0.2 0.5
Sb................................. <0.008 0.05 99 0.7 2.0 0.2 102 0.7 2.0
Se................................. <0.02 0.1 87 1.1 3.5 0.4 99 0.8 2.3
SiO2............................... 6.5 5.0 104 3.3 3.4 20.0 96 1.1 2.3
Sn................................. <0.007 0.05 103 2.1 5.8 0.2 101 1.8 5.0
Sr................................. 0.181 0.1 102 3.3 2.1 0.4 105 0.8 1.0
Tl................................. <0.02 0.1 101 3.9 10.9 0.4 101 0.1 0.3
V.................................. <0.003 0.05 101 0.7 2.0 0.2 99 0.2 0.5
Zn................................. 0.005 0.05 101 3.7 9.0 0.2 98 0.9 2.5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pond Water
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ag................................. <0.002 0.05 92 0.0 0.0 0.2 94 0.0 0.0
[[Page 29828]]
Al................................. 0.819 0.2 88 10.0 5.0 0.8 100 2.9 3.7
As................................. <0.008 0.05 102 0.0 0.0 0.2 98 1.4 4.1
B.................................. 0.034 0.1 111 8.9 6.9 0.4 103 2.0 0.0
Ba................................. 0.029 0.05 96 0.9 0.0 0.2 97 0.3 0.5
Be................................. <0.0003 0.01 95 0.4 1.1 0.2 95 0.0 0.0
Ca................................. 53.9 5.0 * * 0.7 20.0 100 2.0 1.5
Cd................................. <0.001 0.01 107 0.0 0.0 0.1 97 0.0 0.0
Co................................. <0.002 0.02 100 2.7 7.5 0.2 97 0.7 2.1
Cr................................. <0.004 0.01 105 3.5 9.5 0.1 103 1.1 2.9
Cu................................. <0.003 0.02 98 2.1 4.4 0.2 100 0.5 1.5
Fe................................. 0.875 0.2 95 8.9 2.8 0.8 97 3.2 3.6
Hg................................. <0.007 0.05 97 3.5 10.3 0.2 98 0.0 0.0
K.................................. 2.48 5.0 106 0.3 0.1 20.0 103 0.2 0.4
Li................................. <0.001 0.02 110 0.0 0.0 0.2 106 0.2 0.5
Mg................................. 10.8 5.0 102 0.5 0.0 20.0 96 0.7 1.3
Mn................................. 0.632 0.01 * * 0.2 0.1 97 2.3 0.3
Mo................................. <0.004 0.02 105 3.5 9.5 0.2 103 0.4 1.0
Na................................. 17.8 5.0 103 1.3 0.4 20.0 94 0.3 0.0
Ni................................. <0.005 0.02 96 5.6 9.1 0.2 100 0.7 1.5
P.................................. 0.196 0.1 91 14.7 0.3 0.4 108 3.9 1.3
Pb................................. <0.01 0.05 96 2.6 7.8 0.2 100 0.7 2.0
Sb................................. <0.008 0.05 102 2.8 7.8 0.2 104 0.4 1.0
Se................................. <0.02 0.1 104 2.1 5.8 0.4 103 1.6 4.4
SiO2............................... 7.83 5.0 151 1.6 1.3 20.0 117 0.4 0.6
Sn................................. <0.007 0.05 98 0.0 0.0 0.2 99 1.1 3.0
Sr................................. 0.129 0.1 105 0.4 0.0 0.4 99 0.1 0.2
Tl................................. <0.02 0.1 103 1.1 2.9 0.4 97 1.3 3.9
V.................................. 0.003 0.05 94 0.4 0.0 0.2 98 0.1 0.0
Zn................................. 0.006 0.05 97 1.6 1.8 0.2 94 0.4 0.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Well Water
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ag................................. <0.002 0.05 97 0.7 2.1 0.2 96 0.2 0.5
Al................................. 0.036 0.05 107 7.6 10.1 0.2 101 1.1 0.8
As................................. <0.008 0.05 107 0.7 1.9 0.2 104 0.4 1.0
B.................................. 0.063 0.1 97 0.6 0.7 0.4 98 0.8 2.1
Ba................................. 0.102 0.05 102 3.0 0.0 0.2 99 0.9 1.0
Be................................. <0.0003 0.01 100 0.0 0.0 0.1 100 0.0 0.0
Ca................................. 93.8 5.0 * * 2.1 20.0 100 4.1 0.1
Cd................................. 0.002 0.01 90 0.0 0.0 0.1 96 0.0 0.0
Co................................. <0.002 0.02 94 0.4 1.1 0.2 94 0.4 1.1
Cr................................. <0.004 0.01 100 7.1 20.0 0.1 100 0.4 1.0
Cu................................. <0.005 0.02 100 1.1 0.4 0.2 96 0.5 1.5
Fe................................. 0.042 0.1 99 2.3 1.4 0.4 97 1.4 3.3
Hg................................. <0.007 0.05 94 2.8 8.5 0.2 93 1.2 3.8
K.................................. 6.21 5.0 96 3.4 3.6 20.0 101 1.2 2.3
Li................................. 0.001 0.02 100 7.6 9.5 0.2 104 1.0 1.9
Mg................................. 24.5 5.0 95 5.6 0.3 20.0 93 1.6 1.2
Mn................................. 2.76 0.01 * * 0.4 0.1 * * 0.7
Mo................................. <0.004 0.02 108 1.8 4.7 0.2 101 0.2 0.5
Na................................. 35.0 5.0 101 11.4 0.8 20.0 100 3.1 1.5
Ni................................. <0.005 0.02 112 1.8 4.4 0.2 96 0.2 0.5
P.................................. 0.197 0.1 95 12.7 1.9 0.4 98 3.4 0.9
Pb................................. <0.01 0.05 87 4.9 16.1 0.2 95 0.2 0.5
Sb................................. <0.008 0.05 98 2.8 8.2 0.2 99 1.4 4.0
Se................................. <0.02 0.1 102 0.4 1.0 0.4 94 1.1 3.4
SiO2............................... 13.1 5.0 93 4.8 2.8 20.0 99 0.8 0.0
Sn................................. <0.007 0.05 98 2.8 8.2 0.2 94 0.2 0.5
Sr................................. 0.274 0.1 94 5.7 2.7 0.4 95 1.7 2.2
Tl................................. <0.02 0.1 92 0.4 1.1 0.4 95 1.1 3.2
V.................................. <0.003 0.05 98 0.0 0.0 0.2 99 0.4 1.0
Zn................................. 0.538 0.05 * * 0.7 0.2 99 2.5 1.1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sewage Treatment Effluent
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ag................................. 0.009 0.05 92 1.5 3.6 0.2 95 0.1 0.0
Al................................. 1.19 0.05 * * 0.9 0.2 113 12.4 2.1
As................................. <0.008 0.05 99 2.1 6.1 0.2 93 2.1 6.5
B.................................. 0.226 0.1 217 16.3 9.5 0.4 119 13.1 20.9
Ba................................. 0.189 0.05 90 6.8 1.7 0.2 99 1.6 0.5
[[Page 29829]]
Be................................. <0.0003 0.01 94 0.4 1.1 0.1 100 0.4 1.0
Ca................................. 87.9 5.0 * * 0.6 20.0 101 3.7 0.0
Cd................................. 0.009 0.01 89 2.6 2.3 0.1 97 0.4 1.0
Co................................. 0.016 0.02 95 3.1 0.0 0.2 93 0.4 0.5
Cr................................. 0.128 0.01 * * 1.5 0.1 97 2.4 2.7
Cu................................. 0.174 0.02 98 33.1 4.7 0.2 98 3.0 1.4
Fe................................. 1.28 0.1 * * 2.8 0.4 111 7.0 0.6
Hg................................. <0.007 0.05 102 1.4 3.9 0.2 98 0.5 1.5
K.................................. 10.6 5.0 104 2.8 1.3 20.0 101 0.6 0.0
Li................................. 0.011 0.02 103 8.5 3.2 0.2 105 0.8 0.5
Mg................................. 22.7 5.0 100 4.4 0.0 20.0 92 1.1 0.2
Mn................................. 0.199 0.01 * * 2.0 0.1 104 1.9 0.3
Mo................................. 0.125 0.02 110 21.2 6.8 0.2 102 1.3 0.9
Na................................. 0.236 5.0 * * 0.0 20.0 * * 0.4
Ni................................. 0.087 0.02 122 10.7 4.5 0.2 98 0.8 1.1
P.................................. 4.71 0.1 * * 2.6 0.4 * * 1.4
Pb................................. 0.015 0.05 91 3.5 5.0 0.2 96 1.3 2.9
Sb................................. <0.008 0.05 97 0.7 2.1 0.2 103 1.1 2.9
Se................................. <0.02 0.1 108 3.9 10.0 0.4 101 2.6 7.2
SiO2............................... 16.7 5.0 124 4.0 0.9 20.0 108 1.1 0.8
Sn................................. 0.016 0.05 90 3.8 0.0 0.2 95 1.0 0.0
Sr................................. 0.515 0.1 103 6.4 0.5 0.4 96 1.6 0.2
Tl................................. <0.02 0.1 105 0.4 1.0 0.4 95 0.0 0.0
V.................................. 0.003 0.05 93 0.9 2.0 0.2 97 0.2 0.5
Zn................................. 0.160 0.05 98 3.3 1.9 0.2 101 1.0 1.4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Industrial Effluent
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ag................................. <0.0003 0.05 88 0.0 0.0 0.2 84 0.9 3.0
Al................................. 0.054 0.05 88 11.7 12.2 0.2 90 3.9 8.1
As................................. <0.02 0.05 82 2.8 9.8 0.2 88 0.5 1.7
B.................................. 0.17 0.1 162 17.6 13.9 0.4 92 4.7 9.3
Ba................................. 0.083 0.05 86 8.2 1.6 0.2 85 2.3 2.4
Be................................. <0.0006 0.01 94 0.4 1.1 0.1 82 1.4 4.9
Ca................................. 500 5.0 * * 2.8 20.0 * * 2.3
Cd................................. 0.008 0.01 85 4.7 6.1 0.1 82 1.4 4.4
Co................................. <0.004 0.02 93 1.8 5.4 0.2 83 0.4 1.2
Cr................................. 0.165 0.01 * * 4.5 0.1 106 6.6 5.6
Cu................................. 0.095 0.02 93 23.3 0.9 0.2 95 2.7 2.8
Fe................................. 0.315 0.1 88 16.4 1.0 0.4 99 6.5 8.0
Hg................................. <0.01 0.05 87 0.7 2.3 0.2 86 0.4 1.2
K.................................. 2.87 5.0 101 3.4 2.4 20.0 100 0.8 0.4
Li................................. 0.069 0.02 103 24.7 5.6 0.2 104 2.5 2.2
Mg................................. 6.84 5.0 87 3.1 0.0 20.0 87 0.9 1.2
Mn................................. 0.141 0.01 * * 1.2 0.1 89 6.6 4.8
Mo................................. 1.27 0.02 * * 0.0 0.2 100 15.0 2.7
Na................................. 1500 5.0 * * 2.7 20.0 * * 2.0
Ni................................. 0.014 0.02 98 4.4 3.0 0.2 87 0.5 1.1
P.................................. 0.326 0.1 105 16.0 4.7 0.4 97 3.9 1.4
Pb................................. 0.251 0.05 80 19.9 1.4 0.2 88 5.0 0.9
Sb................................. 2.81 0.05 * * 0.4 0.2 * * 2.0
Se................................. 0.021 0.1 106 2.6 3.2 0.4 105 1.9 4.6
SiO2............................... 6.83 5.0 99 6.8 1.7 20.0 100 2.2 3.0
Sn................................. <0.01 0.05 87 0.7 2.3 0.2 86 0.4 1.2
Sr................................. 6.54 0.1 * * 2.0 0.4 * * 2.7
Tl................................. <0.03 0.1 87 1.8 5.8 0.4 84 1.1 3.6
V.................................. <0.005 0.05 90 1.4 4.4 0.2 84 1.1 3.6
Zn................................. 0.024 0.05 89 6.0 4.4 0.2 91 3.5 8.9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
S (R) Standard deviation of percent recovery.
RPD Relative percent difference between duplicate spike determinations.
< Sample concentration below established method detection limit.
* Spike concentration <10% of sample background concentration.
[[Page 29830]]
Table 7--Precision and Recovery Data in Solid Matrices
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sample Average Average
Analyte conc. mg/ Low + spike recovery R S (R) RPD High + recovery R S (R) RPD
kg mg/kg (%) spike mg/kg (%)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EPA Hazardous Soil 884
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ag................................. 1.1 20 98 0.7 1.0 100 96 0.2 0.6
Al................................. 5080 20 * * 7.2 100 * * 5.4
As................................. 5.7 20 95 5.4 10.6 100 96 1.4 3.6
B.................................. 20.4 100 93 2.7 5.3 400 100 2.1 5.5
Ba................................. 111 20 98 71.4 22.2 100 97 10.0 1.0
Be................................. 0.66 20 97 0.7 2.3 100 99 0.1 0.2
Ca................................. 85200 - - - - - - - -
Cd................................. 2 20 93 0.7 1.0 100 94 0.2 0.4
Co................................. 5.5 20 96 3.5 7.7 100 93 0.8 2.1
Cr................................. 79.7 20 87 28.8 16.5 100 104 1.3 1.1
Cu................................. 113 20 110 16.2 4.4 100 104 4.0 4.2
Fe................................. 16500 - - - - - - - -
Hg................................. <1.4 10 92 2.5 7.7 40 98 0.0 0.0
K.................................. 621 500 121 1.3 0.0 2000 107 0.9 1.8
Li................................. 6.7 10 113 3.5 4.4 40 106 0.6 0.6
Mg................................. 24400 500 * * 8.4 2000 * * 10.1
Mn................................. 343 20 * * 8.5 100 95 11.0 1.6
Mo................................. 5.3 20 88 5.3 13.2 100 91 1.4 4.1
Na................................. 195 500 102 2.2 2.4 2000 100 1.5 3.7
Ni................................. 15.6 20 100 1.8 0.0 100 94 1.5 3.6
P.................................. 595 500 106 13.4 8.0 2000 103 3.2 2.7
Pb................................. 145 20 88 51.8 17.9 100 108 15.6 17.4
Sb................................. 6.1 20 83 3.9 7.5 100 81 1.9 5.9
Se................................. <5 20 79 14.7 52.4 100 99 0.7 2.1
Sn................................. 16.6 20 91 34.6 5.8 80 112 8.7 2.8
Sr................................. 102 100 84 9.6 10.8 400 94 2.5 4.6
Tl................................. <4 20 92 4.8 14.6 100 91 1.5 4.6
V.................................. 16.7 20 104 4.2 5.4 100 99 0.8 1.7
Zn................................. 131 20 103 31.2 7.3 100 104 7.2 6.4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EPA Electroplating Sludge 286
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ag................................. 6 20 96 0.2 0.4 100 93 0.1 0.4
Al................................. 4980 20 * * 4.4 100 * * 5.6
As................................. 32 20 94 1.3 0.8 100 97 0.7 1.6
B.................................. 210 100 113 2.0 1.6 400 98 1.9 3.5
Ba................................. 39.8 20 0 6.8 0.3 100 0 1.6 5.7
Be................................. 0.32 20 96 0.2 0.5 100 101 0.7 2.0
Ca................................. 48500 - - - - - - - -
Cd................................. 108 20 98 2.5 0.8 100 96 0.5 0.5
Co................................. 5.9 20 93 2.9 5.7 100 93 0.6 1.5
Cr................................. 7580 20 * * 0.7 100 * * 1.3
Cu................................. 806 20 * * 1.5 100 94 8.3 0.7
Fe................................. 31100 - - - - - - - -
Hg................................. 6.1 10 90 2.5 4.0 40 97 1.7 4.3
K.................................. 2390 500 75 8.3 4.0 2000 94 2.9 3.8
Li................................. 9.1 10 101 2.8 0.5 40 106 1.6 3.1
Mg................................. 1950 500 110 2.0 0.8 2000 108 2.3 3.2
Mn................................. 262 20 * * 1.8 100 91 1.2 0.9
Mo................................. 13.2 20 92 2.1 2.9 100 92 0.3 0.0
Na................................. 73400 500 * * 1.7 2000 * * 1.4
Ni................................. 456 20 * * 0.4 100 88 2.7 0.9
P.................................. 9610 500 * * 2.9 2000 114 7.4 3.4
Pb................................. 1420 20 * * 2.1 100 * * 1.3
Sb................................. <2 20 76 0.9 3.3 100 75 2.8 10.7
Se................................. 6.3 20 86 9.0 16.6 100 103 1.6 2.7
Sn................................. 24.0 20 87 4.0 2.7 80 92 0.7 0.0
Sr................................. 145 100 90 8.1 8.1 400 93 2.4 4.6
Tl................................. 16 20 89 4.6 5.3 100 92 0.8 0.9
V.................................. 21.7 20 95 1.2 1.0 100 96 0.4 0.9
Zn................................. 12500 20 * * 0.8 100 * * 0.8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NBS 1645 River Sediment
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ag................................. 1.6 20 92 0.4 1.0 100 96 0.3 0.9
Al................................. 5160 20 * * 8.4 100 * * 2.4
As................................. 62.8 20 89 14.4 9.7 100 97 2.9 5.0
B.................................. 31.9 100 116 7.1 13.5 400 95 0.6 1.5
Ba................................. 54.8 20 95 6.1 2.8 100 98 1.2 1.3
[[Page 29831]]
Be................................. 0.72 20 101 0.4 1.0 100 103 1.4 3.9
Ca................................. 28000 - - - - - - - -
Cd................................. 9.7 20 100 1.1 0.0 100 101 0.7 1.8
Co................................. 9.4 20 98 3.8 4.8 100 98 0.9 1.8
Cr................................. 28500 20 * * 0.4 100 * * 0.7
Cu................................. 109 20 115 8.5 0.0 100 102 1.8 1.0
Fe................................. 84800 - - - - - - - -
Hg................................. 3.1 10 99 4.3 7.7 40 96 0.7 1.0
K.................................. 452 500 98 4.1 2.0 2000 106 1.4 2.3
Li................................. 3.7 10 101 2.0 0.7 40 108 1.3 3.0
Mg................................. 6360 500 * * 1.8 2000 93 2.7 1.0
Mn................................. 728 20 * * 3.5 100 97 12.4 2.2
Mo................................. 17.9 20 97 12.5 18.5 100 98 0.6 0.0
Na................................. 1020 500 92 2.6 0.0 2000 97 1.1 1.7
Ni................................. 36.2 20 94 5.9 4.0 100 100 1.1 1.5
P.................................. 553 500 102 1.4 0.9 2000 100 0.8 1.6
Pb................................. 707 20 * * 0.8 100 103 5.9 0.4
Sb................................. 22.8 20 86 2.3 0.0 100 88 0.6 0.9
Se................................. 6.7 20 103 14.3 27.1 100 98 3.1 7.6
Sn................................. 309 20 * * 1.0 80 101 7.9 2.7
Sr................................. 782 100 91 12.3 3.0 400 96 3.3 2.6
Tl................................. <4 20 90 0.0 0.0 100 95 1.3 4.0
V.................................. 20.1 20 89 5.4 5.8 100 98 0.7 0.0
Zn................................. 1640 20 * * 1.8 100 * * 1.1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
S (R) Standard deviation of percent recovery.
RPD Relative percent difference between duplicate spike determinations.
< Sample concentration below established method detection limit.
* Spike concentration <10% of sample background concentration.
- Not spiked.
+ Equivalent.
Table 8--ICP-AES Instrumental Precision and Accuracy for Aqueous Solutions a
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mean conc. (mg/ Accurace c (%
Element L) N b RSD (%) of Nominal)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Al...................................... 14.8 8 6.3 100
Sb...................................... 15.1 8 7.7 102
As...................................... 14.7 7 6.4 99
Ba...................................... 3.66 7 3.1 99
Be...................................... 3.78 8 5.8 102
Cd...................................... 3.61 8 7.0 97
Ca...................................... 15.0 8 7.4 101
Cr...................................... 3.75 8 8.2 101
Co...................................... 3.52 8 5.9 95
Cu...................................... 3.58 8 5.6 97
Fe...................................... 14.8 8 5.9 100
Pb...................................... 14.4 7 5.9 97
Mg...................................... 14.1 8 6.5 96
Mn...................................... 3.70 8 4.3 100
Mo...................................... 3.70 8 6.9 100
Ni...................................... 3.70 7 5.7 100
K....................................... 14.1 8 6.6 95
Se...................................... 15.3 8 7.5 104
Na...................................... 14.0 8 4.2 95
Tl...................................... 15.1 7 8.5 102
V....................................... 3.51 8 6.6 95
Zn...................................... 3.57 8 8.3 96
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a These performance values are independent of sample preparation because the labs analyzed portions of the same
solutions using sequential or simultaneous instruments.
b N = Number of measurements for mean and relative standard deviation (RSD).
c Accuracy is expressed as a percentage of the nominal value for each analyte in the acidified, multi-element
solutions.
Table 9--Multilaboratory ICP Precision and Accuracy Data*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Concentration
Analyte [mu]g/L Total recoverable digestion [mu]/L
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aluminum................................... 69-4792 X = 0.9380 (C) + 22.1
[[Page 29832]]
............... SR = 0.0481 (X) + 18.8
Antimony................................... 77-1406 0.8908 (C) + 0.9
............... SR = 0.0682 (X) + 2.5
Arsenic.................................... 69-1887 X = 1.0175 (C) + 3.9
............... SR = 0.0643 (X) + 10.3
Barium..................................... 9-377 X = 0.8.80 (C) + 1.68
............... SR = 0.0826 (X) + 3.54
Beryllium.................................. 3-1906 X = 1.0177 (C) - 0.55
............... SR = 0.0445 (X) - 0.10
Boron...................................... 19-5189 X = 0.9676 (C) + 18.7
............... SR = 0.0743 (X) + 21.1
Cadmium.................................... 9-1943 X = 1.0137 (C) - 0.65
............... SR = 0.0332 (X) + 0.90
Calcium.................................... 17-47170 X = 0.9658 (C) + 0.8
............... SR = 0.0327 (X) + 10.1
Chromium................................... 13-1406 X = 1.0049 (C) - 1.2
............... SR = 0.0571 (X) + 1.0
Cobalt..................................... 17-2340 X = 0.9278 (C) + 1.5
............... SR = 0.0407 (X) + 0.4
Copper..................................... 8-1887 X = 0.9647 (C) - 3.64
............... SR = 0.0406 (X) + 0.96
Iron....................................... 13-9359 X = 0.9830 (C) + 5.7
............... SR = 0.0790 (X) + 11.5
Lead....................................... 42-4717 X = 1.0056 (C) + 4.1
............... SR = 0.0448 (X) + 3.5
Magnesium.................................. 34-13868 X = 0.9879 (C) + 2.2
............... SR = 0.0268 (X) + 8.1
Manganese.................................. 4-1887 X = 0.9725 (C) + 0.07
............... SR = 0.0400 (X) + 0.82
Molybdenum................................. 17-1830 X = 0.9707 (C) - 2.3
............... SR = 0.0529 (X) + 2.1
Nickel..................................... 17-47170 X = 0.9869 (C) + 1.5
............... SR = 0.0393 (X) + 2.2
Potassium.................................. 347-14151 X = 0.9355 (C) - 183.1
............... SR = 0.0329 (X) + 60.9
Selenium................................... 69-1415 X = 0.9737 (C) - 1.0
............... SR = 0.0443 (X) + 6.6
Silicon.................................... 189-9434 X = 0.9737 (C) - 22.6
............... SR = 0.2133 (X) + 22.6
Silver..................................... 8-189 X = 0.3987 (C) + 8.25
............... SR = 0.1836 (X) - 0.27
Sodium..................................... 35-47170 X = 1.0526 (C) + 26.7
............... SR = 0.0884 (X) + 50.5
Thallium................................... 79-1434 X = 0.9238 (C) + 5.5
............... SR = 0.0106 (X) + 48.0
Vanadium................................... 13-4698 X = 0.9551 (C) + 0.4
............... SR = 0.0472 (X) + 0.5
Zinc....................................... 7-7076 X = 0.9500 (C) + 1.82
............... SR = 0.0153 (X) + 7.78
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\*\--Regression equations abstracted from Reference 16.
X = Mean Recovery, [mu]g/L.
C = True Value for the Concentration, [mu]g/L.
SR = Single-analyst Standard Deviation, [mu]g/L.
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P
[[Page 29833]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18MY12.007
BILLING CODE 6560-50-C
0
9. Revise Appendix D to Part 136 to read as follows:
Appendix D to Part 136--Precision and Recovery Statements for Methods
for Measuring Metals
Two selected methods from ``Methods for Chemical Analysis of
Water and Wastes,'' EPA-600/4-79-020 (1979) have been subjected to
interlaboratory method validation studies. The two selected methods
are for Thallium and Zinc. The following precision and recovery
statements are presented in this appendix and incorporated into Part
136:
Method 279.2
For Thallium, Method 279.2 (Atomic Absorption, Furnace
Technique) replace the Precision and Accuracy Section statement with
the following:
Precision and Accuracy
An interlaboratory study on metal analyses by this method was
conducted by the Quality Assurance Branch (QAB) of the
[[Page 29834]]
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory--Cincinnati (EMSL-CI).
Synthetic concentrates containing various levels of this element
were added to reagent water, surface water, drinking water and three
effluents. These samples were digested by the total digestion
procedure, 4.1.3 in this manual. Results for the reagent water are
given below. Results for other water types and study details are
found in ``EPA Method Study 31, Trace Metals by Atomic Absorption
(Furnace Techniques),'' National Technical Information Service, 5285
Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161 Order No. PB 86-121 704/AS,
by Copeland, F.R. and Maney, J.P., January 1986.
For a concentration range of 10.00-252 [micro]g[sol]L
X = 0.8781(C) - 0.715
S = 0.1112(X) + 0.669
SR = 0.1005(X) + 0.241
Where:
C = True Value for the Concentration, [micro]g/L
X = Mean Recovery, [micro]g/L
S = Multi-laboratory Standard Deviation, [micro]g/L
SR = Single-analyst Standard Deviation, [micro]g/L
Method 289.2
For Zinc, Method 289.2 (Atomic Absorption, Furnace Technique)
replace the Precision and Accuracy Section statement with the
following:
Precision and Accuracy
An interlaboratory study on metal analyses by this method was
conducted by the Quality Assurance Branch (QAB) of the Environmental
Monitoring Systems Laboratory--Cincinnati (EMSL-CI). Synthetic
concentrates containing various levels of this element were added to
reagent water, surface water, drinking water and three effluents.
These samples were digested by the total digestion procedure, 4.1.3
in this manual. Results for the reagent water are given below.
Results for other water types and study details are found in ``EPA
Method Study 31, Trace Metals by Atomic Absorption (Furnace
Techniques),'' National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port
Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161 Order No. PB 86-121 704/AS, by
Copeland, F.R. and Maney, J.P., January 1986.
For a concentration range of 0.51-189 [micro]g[sol]L
X = 1.6710(C) + 1.485
S = 0.6740(X) - 0.342
SR = 0.3895(X)- 0.384
Where:
C = True Value for the Concentration, [micro]g[sol]L
X = Mean Recovery, [micro]g[sol]L
S = Multi-laboratory Standard Deviation, [micro]g[sol]L
SR = Single-analyst Standard Deviation, [micro]g[sol]L
PART 260--HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: GENERAL
0
10. The authority citation for Part 260 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6905, 6912(a), 6921-6927, 6930, 6934,
6935, 6937, 6938, 6939, and 6974.
Subpart B--Definitions
0
11. Section 260.11 is amended by revising paragraph (c)(2) to read as
follows:
Sec. 260.11 References.
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(2) Method 1664, n-Hexane Extractable Material (HEM; Oil and
Grease) and Silica Gel Treated n-Hexane Extractable Material SGT-HEM;
Non-polar Material) by Extraction and Gravimetry:
(i) Revision A, EPA-821-R-98-002, February 1999, IBR approved for
Part 261, Appendix IX.
(ii) Revision B, EPA-821-R-10-001, February 2010, IBR approved for
Part 261, Appendix IX.
* * * * *
PART 423--STEAM ELECTRIC POWER GENERATING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY
0
12. The authority citation for Part 423 continues to read as follows:
Authority: Secs. 301; 304(b), (c), (e), and (g); 306(b) and
(c); 307(b) and (c); and 501, Clean Water Act (Federal Water
Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972, as amended by Clean Water
Act of 1977) (the ``Act''; 33 U.S.C. 1311; 1314(b), (c), (e), and
(g); 1316(b) and (c); 1317(b) and (c); and 1361; 86 Stat. 816, Pub.
L. 92-500; 91 Stat. 1567, Pub. L. 95-217), unless otherwise noted.
0
13. Section 423.11 is amended by revising paragraphs (a) and (l) to
read as follows:
Sec. 423.11 Specialized definitions.
* * * * *
(a) The term total residual chlorine (or total residual oxidants
for intake water with bromides) means the value obtained using any of
the ``chlorine--total residual'' methods in Table IB in 40 CFR
136.3(a), or other methods approved by the permitting authority.
* * * * *
(l) The term free available chlorine means the value obtained using
any of the ``chlorine--free available'' methods in Table IB in 40 CFR
136.3(a) where the method has the capability of measuring free
available chlorine, or other methods approved by the permitting
authority.
* * * * *
PART 430--PULP, PAPER, AND PAPERBOARD POINT SOURCE CATEGORY
0
14. The authority citation for Part 430 continues to read as follows:
Authority: Secs. 301, 304, 306, 307, 308, 402, and 501, Clean
Water Act as amended, (33 U.S.C. 1311, 1314, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1342,
and 1361) and Section 112 of the Clean Air Act, as amended (42
U.S.C. 7412).
0
15. Section 430.01 is amended by revising paragraph (a) and by adding
paragraphs (s) through (v) to read as follows:
Sec. 430.01 General definitions.
* * * * *
(a) Adsorbable organic halides (AOX). A bulk parameter that
measures the total mass of chlorinated organic matter in water and
wastewater. The approved method of analysis for AOX is Method 1650,
which is available in Appendix A of this part, and online at http://water.epa.gov/scitech/methods/cwa/index.cfm.
* * * * *
(s) TCDD. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. The approved method
of analysis for TCDD is Method 1613B, which is available in Appendix A
of this part, and online at http://water.epa.gov/scitech/methods/cwa/index.cfm.
(t) TCDF. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran. The approved method of
analysis for TCDF is Method 1613B, which is available in Appendix A of
this part, and online at http://water.epa.gov/scitech/methods/cwa/index.cfm.
(u) Chloroform. The approved methods of analysis for chloroform are
listed in Table IC at 40 CFR 136.3.
(v) The approved method of analysis for the following chlorinated
phenolic compounds is Method 1653, which is available in Appendix A of
this part, and online at http://water.epa.gov/scitech/methods/cwa/index.cfm:
(1) Trichlorosyringol.
(2) 3,4,5-Trichlorocatechol.
(3) 3,4,6-Trichlorocatechol.
(4) 3,4,5-Trichloroguaiacol.
(5) 3,4,6-Trichloroguaiacol.
(6) 4,5,6-Trichloroguaiacol.
(7) 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol.
(8) 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol.
(9) Tetrachlorocatechol.
(10) Tetrachloroguaiacol.
(11) 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol.
(12) Pentachlorophenol.
PART 435--OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION POINT SOURCE CATEGORY
0
16. The authority citation for part 435 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 33 U.S.C. 1311, 1314, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1342, and
1361.
0
17. Section 435.11 is amended as follows:
0
a. By revising paragraph (d).
0
b. By revising paragraph (e).
0
c. By revising paragraph (k)(2).
[[Page 29835]]
0
d. By revising paragraph (o).
0
e. By revising paragraph (t).
0
f. By revising paragraph (u).
0
g. By revising paragraph (v).
0
h. By revising paragraph (x).
0
i. By revising paragraph (ee).
0
j. By revising paragraph (gg).
0
k. By revising paragraph (hh).
0
l. By revising paragraph (ss).
0
m. By adding paragraph (uu).
Sec. 435.11 Special definitions.
* * * * *
(d) Base fluid retained on cuttings as applied to BAT effluent
limitations and NSPS refers to the ``Determination of the Amount of
Non-Aqueous Drilling Fluid (NAF) Base Fluid from Drill Cuttings by a
Retort Chamber (Derived from API Recommended Practice 13B-2)'', EPA
Method 1674, which is published as an appendix to Subpart A of this
part and in ``Analytic Methods for the Oil and Gas Extraction Point
Source Category,'' EPA-821-R-11-004. See paragraph (uu) of this
section.
(e) Biodegradation rate as applied to BAT effluent limitations and
NSPS for drilling fluids and drill cuttings refers to the ``Protocol
for the Determination of Degradation of Non Aqueous Base Fluids in a
Marine Closed Bottle Biodegradation Test System: Modified ISO
11734:1995,'' EPA Method 1647, supplemented with ``Procedure for Mixing
Base Fluids With Sediments,'' EPA Method 1646. Both EPA Method 1646 and
1647 are published as appendices to Subpart A of this part and in
``Analytic Methods for the Oil and Gas Extraction Point Source
Category,'' EPA-821-R-11-004. See paragraph (uu) of this section.
* * * * *
(k) * * *
(2) Dry drill cuttings means the residue remaining in the retort
vessel after completing the retort procedure specified in EPA Method
1674, which is published as an appendix to Subpart A of this part and
in ``Analytic Methods for the Oil and Gas Extraction Point Source
Category,'' EPA-821-R-11-004. See paragraph (uu) of this section.
* * * * *
(o) Formation oil means the oil from a producing formation which is
detected in the drilling fluid, as determined by the GC/MS compliance
assurance method, EPA Method 1655, when the drilling fluid is analyzed
before being shipped offshore, and as determined by the RPE method, EPA
Method 1670, when the drilling fluid is analyzed at the offshore point
of discharge. The GC/MS compliance assurance method and the RPE method
approved for use with this part are published as appendices to Subpart
A of this part and in ``Analytic Methods for the Oil and Gas Extraction
Point Source Category,'' EPA-821-R-11-004. See paragraph (uu) of this
section. Detection of formation oil by the RPE method may be confirmed
by the GC/MS compliance assurance method, and the results of the GC/MS
compliance assurance method shall apply instead of those of the RPE
method.
* * * * *
(t) Maximum weighted mass ratio averaged over all NAF well sections
for BAT effluent limitations and NSPS for base fluid retained on
cuttings means the weighted average base fluid retention for all NAF
well sections as determined by EPA Method 1674, which is published as
an appendix to Subpart A of this part and in ``Analytic Methods for the
Oil and Gas Extraction Point Source Category,'' EPA-821-R-11-004. See
paragraph (uu) of this section.
(u) Method 1654A refers to EPA Method 1654, Revision A, entitled
``PAH Content of Oil by HPLC/UV,'' December 1992, which is published as
an appendix to Subpart A of this part and in ``Analytic Methods for the
Oil and Gas Extraction Point Source Category,'' EPA-821-R-11-004. See
paragraph (uu) of this section.
(v) Minimum as applied to BAT effluent limitations and NSPS for
drilling fluids and drill cuttings means the minimum 96-hour
LC50 value allowed as measured in any single sample of the
discharged waste stream. Minimum as applied to BPT and BCT effluent
limitations and NSPS for sanitary wastes means the minimum
concentration value allowed as measured in any single sample of the
discharged waste stream.
* * * * *
(x) No discharge of free oil means that waste streams may not be
discharged that contain free oil as evidenced by the monitoring method
specified for that particular stream, e.g., deck drainage or
miscellaneous discharges cannot be discharged when they would cause a
film or sheen upon or discoloration of the surface of the receiving
water; drilling fluids or cuttings may not be discharged when they fail
EPA Method 1617 (Static Sheen Test), which is published as an appendix
to Subpart A of this part and in ``Analytic Methods for the Oil and Gas
Extraction Point Source Category,'' EPA-821-R-11-004. See paragraph
(uu) of this section.
* * * * *
(ee) Sediment toxicity as applied to BAT effluent limitations and
NSPS for drilling fluids and drill cuttings refers to EPA Method 1644:
``Method for Conducting a Sediment Toxicity Test with Leptocheirus
plumulosus and Non-Aqueous Drilling Fluids or Synthetic-Based Drilling
Muds'' and sediment preparation procedures specified in EPA Method
1646. EPA Method 1644 is published in ``Analytic Methods for the Oil
and Gas Extraction Point Source Category,'' (see paragraph (uu) of this
section) and EPA Method 1646 is published as an appendix to Subpart A
of this part.
* * * * *
(gg) SPP toxicity as applied to BAT effluent limitations and NSPS
for drilling fluids and drill cuttings refers to the bioassay test
procedure, ``Suspended Particulate Phase (SPP) Toxicity Test,''
presented in EPA Method 1619, which is published as an appendix to
Subpart A of this part and in ``Analytic Methods for the Oil and Gas
Extraction Point Source Category,'' EPA-821-R-11-004. See paragraph
(uu) of this section.
(hh) Static sheen test means the standard test procedure that has
been developed for this industrial subcategory for the purpose of
demonstrating compliance with the requirement of no discharge of free
oil. The methodology for performing the static sheen test is presented
in EPA Method 1617, which is published as an appendix to Subpart A of
this part and in ``Analytic Methods for the Oil and Gas Extraction
Point Source Category,'' EPA-821-R-11-004. See paragraph (uu) of this
section.
* * * * *
(ss) C16-C18 internal olefin drilling fluid
means a C16-C18 internal olefin drilling fluid
formulated as specified in appendix 1 of subpart A of this part.
* * * * *
(uu) Analytic Methods for the Oil and Gas Extraction Point Source
Category is the EPA document, ``Analytic Methods for the Oil and Gas
Point Source Category,'' December 2011, EPA-821-R-11-004, that compiles
analytic methods for this category. This incorporation by reference was
approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5
U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies may be inspected at the
National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on
the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to:
http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. A copy may also be inspected at EPA's
Water Docket, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20460. This
method may be obtained
[[Page 29836]]
at http://water.epa.gov/scitech/methods/cwa/index.cfm.
0
18. In Sec. 435.12, Footnote 1 to the table is revised to read as
follows:
Sec. 435.12 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree
of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best
practicable control technology currently available (BPT).
* * * * *
\1\ No discharge of free oil. See Sec. 435.11(x).
* * * * *
0
19. In Sec. 435.13:
0
a. Remove ``LC5'' and add in its place ``LC50''
wherever it appears.
0
b. Footnotes 2, 3, and 5 through 11 to the table are revised to read as
follows:
Sec. 435.13 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree
of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best
available technology economically achievable (BAT).
* * * * *
\2\ As determined by the suspended particulate phase (SPP)
toxicity test. See Sec. 435.11(gg).
\3\ As determined by the static sheen test. See Sec.
435.11(hh).
* * * * *
\5\ PAH mass ratio = Mass (g) of PAH (as phenanthrene)/Mass (g)
of stock base fluid as determined by EPA Method 1654, Revision A,
[specified at Sec. 435.11(u)] entitled ``PAH Content of Oil by
HPLC/UV,'' December 1992, which is published as an appendix to
Subpart A of this part and in ``Analytic Methods for the Oil and Gas
Extraction Point Source Category,'' EPA-821-R-11-004. See Sec.
435.11(uu).
\6\ Base fluid sediment toxicity ratio = 10-day LC50
of C16-C18 internal olefin/10-day
LC50 of stock base fluid as determined by EPA Method
1644: ``Method for Conducting a Sediment Toxicity Test with
Leptocheirus plumulosus and Non-Aqueous Drilling Fluids or
Synthetic-Based Drilling Muds'' after preparing the sediment
according to the procedure specified in EPA Method 1646, which are
published as appendices to Subpart A of this part and in ``Analytic
Methods for the Oil and Gas Extraction Point Source Category,'' EPA-
821-R-11-004. See Sec. 435.11(ee) and (uu).
\7\ Biodegradation rate ratio = Cumulative headspace gas
production (ml) of C16-C18 internal olefin/
Cumulative headspace gas production (ml) of stock base fluid, both
at 275 days as determined by EPA Method 1647, which is published as
an appendix to Subpart A of this part and in ``Analytic Methods for
the Oil and Gas Extraction Point Source Category,'' EPA-821-R-11-
004. See Sec. 435.11(e) and (uu).
\8\ Drilling fluid sediment toxicity ratio = 4-day
LC50 of C16-C18 internal olefin
drilling fluid/4-day LC50 of drilling fluid removed from
drill cuttings at the solids control equipment as determined by EPA
Method 1644: ``Method for Conducting a Sediment Toxicity Test with
Leptocheirus plumulosus and Non-Aqueous Drilling Fluids or
Synthetic-Based Drilling Muds'' after sediment preparation
procedures specified in EPA Method 1646, which are published as
appendices to Subpart A of this part and in ``Analytic Methods for
the Oil and Gas Extraction Point Source Category,'' EPA-821-R-11-
004. See Sec. 435.11(ee) and (uu).
\9\ As determined before drilling fluids are shipped offshore by
the GC/MS compliance assurance method (EPA Method 1655), and as
determined prior to discharge by the RPE method (EPA Method 1670)
applied to drilling fluid removed from drill cuttings. If the
operator wishes to confirm the results of the RPE method (EPA Method
1670), the operator may use the GC/MS compliance assurance method
(EPA Method 1655). Results from the GC/MS compliance assurance
method (EPA Method 1655) shall supersede the results of the RPE
method (EPA Method 1670). EPA Method 1655 and 1670 are published as
appendices to Subpart A of this part and in ``Analytic Methods for
the Oil and Gas Extraction Point Source Category,'' EPA-821-R-11-
004. See Sec. 435.11(uu).
\10\ Maximum permissible retention of non-aqueous drilling fluid
(NAF) base fluid on wet drill cuttings averaged over drilling
intervals using NAFs as determined by EPA Method 1674, which is
published as an appendix to Subpart A of this part and in ``Analytic
Methods for the Oil and Gas Extraction Point Source Category,'' EPA-
821-R-11-004. See Sec. 435.11(uu). This limitation is applicable
for NAF base fluids that meet the base fluid sediment toxicity ratio
(Footnote 6), biodegradation rate ratio (Footnote 7), PAH, mercury,
and cadmium stock limitations (C16-C18
internal olefin) defined above in this table.
\11\ Maximum permissible retention of non-aqueous drilling fluid
(NAF) base fluid on wet drill cuttings average over drilling
intervals using NAFs as determined by EPA Method 1674, which is
published as an appendix to Subpart A of this part and in ``Analytic
Methods for the Oil and Gas Extraction Point Source Category,'' EPA-
821-R-11-004. See Sec. 435.11(uu). This limitation is applicable
for NAF base fluids that meet the ester base fluid sediment toxicity
ratio and ester biodegradation rate ratio stock limitations defined
as:
(a) ester base fluid sediment toxicity ratio = 10-day
LC50 of C12-C14 ester or
C8 ester/10-day LC50 of stock base fluid as
determined by EPA Method 1644: ``Method for Conducting a Sediment
Toxicity Test with Leptocheirus plumulosus and Non-Aqueous Drilling
Fluids or Synthetic-Based Drilling Muds'' after sediment preparation
procedures specified in EPA Method 1646, which are published as
appendices to Subpart A of this part and in ``Analytic Methods for
the Oil and Gas Extraction Point Source Category,'' EPA-821-R-11-
004. See Sec. 435.11(ee) and (uu);
(b) ester biodegradation rate ratio = Cumulative headspace gas
production (ml) of C12-C14 ester or
C8 ester/Cumulative headspace gas production (ml) of
stock base fluid, both at 275 days as determined by EPA Method 1647,
which is published as an appendix to Subpart A of this part and in
``Analytic Methods for the Oil and Gas Extraction Point Source
Category,'' EPA-821-R-11-004. See Sec. 435.11(e) and (uu); and
(c) PAH mass ratio (Footnote 5), mercury, and cadmium stock
limitations (C16-C18 internal olefin) defined
above in this table.
0
20. In Sec. 435.14 footnote 2 to the table is revised to read as
follows:
Sec. 435.14 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree
of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best
conventional pollutant control technology (BCT).
* * * * *
\2\ As determined by the static sheen test. See Sec.
435.11(hh).
* * * * *
0
21. In Sec. 435.15:
0
a. Remove ``LC5'' and add in its place
``LC50''wherever it appears.
0
b. Footnotes 2, 3, and 5 through 11 to the table are revised to read as
follows:
Sec. 435.15 Standards of performance for new sources (NSPS).
* * * * *
\2\ As determined by the suspended particulate phase (SPP)
toxicity test. See Sec. 435.11(gg).
\3\ As determined by the static sheen test. See Sec.
435.11(hh).
* * * * *
\5\ PAH mass ratio = Mass (g) of PAH (as phenanthrene)/Mass (g)
of stock base fluid as determined by EPA Method 1654, Revision A,
[specified at Sec. 435.11(u)] entitled ``PAH Content of Oil by
HPLC/UV,'' December 1992, which is published as an appendix to
Subpart A of this part and in ``Analytic Methods for the Oil and Gas
Extraction Point Source Category,'' EPA-821-R-11-004. See Sec.
435.11(uu).
\6\ Base fluid sediment toxicity ratio = 10-day LC50
of C16-C18 internal olefin/10-day
LC50 of stock base fluid as determined by EPA Method
1644: ``Method for Conducting a Sediment Toxicity Test with
Leptocheirus plumulosus and Non-Aqueous Drilling Fluids or
Synthetic-Based Drilling Muds'' after preparing the sediment
according to the procedure specified in EPA Method 1646, which are
published as appendices to Subpart A of this part and in ``Analytic
Methods for the Oil and Gas Extraction Point Source Category,'' EPA-
821-R-11-004. See Sec. 435.11(ee) and (uu).
\7\ Biodegradation rate ratio = Cumulative headspace gas
production (ml) of C16-C18 internal olefin/
Cumulative headspace gas production (ml) of stock base fluid, both
at 275 days as determined by EPA Method 1647, which is published as
an appendix to Subpart A of this part and in ``Analytic Methods for
the Oil and Gas Extraction Point Source Category,'' EPA-821-R-11-
004. See Sec. 435.11(e) and (uu).
\8\ Drilling fluid sediment toxicity ratio = 4[dash]day
LC50 of C16-C18 internal olefin
drilling fluid/4-day LC50 of drilling fluid removed from
drill cuttings at the solids control equipment as determined by EPA
Method 1644: ``Method for Conducting a Sediment Toxicity Test with
Leptocheirus plumulosus and Non-Aqueous Drilling Fluids or
Synthetic-Based Drilling Muds'' after sediment preparation
procedures specified in
[[Page 29837]]
EPA Method 1646, which are published as appendices to Subpart A of
this part and in ``Analytic Methods for the Oil and Gas Extraction
Point Source Category,'' EPA-821-R-11-004. See Sec. 435.11(ee) and
(uu).
\9\ As determined before drilling fluids are shipped offshore by
the GC/MS compliance assurance method (EPA Method 1655), and as
determined prior to discharge by the RPE method (EPA Method 1670)
applied to drilling fluid removed from drill cuttings. If the
operator wishes to confirm the results of the RPE method (EPA Method
1670), the operator may use the GC/MS compliance assurance method
(EPA Method 1655). Results from the GC/MS compliance assurance
method (EPA Method 1655) shall supersede the results of the RPE
method (EPA Method 1670). EPA Method 1655 and 1670 are published as
appendices to Subpart A of this part and in ``Analytic Methods for
the Oil and Gas Extraction Point Source Category,'' EPA-821-R-11-
004. See Sec. 435.11(uu).
\10\ Maximum permissible retention of non-aqueous drilling fluid
(NAF) base fluid on wet drill cuttings averaged over drilling
intervals using NAFs as determined by EPA Method 1674, which is
published as an appendix to Subpart A of this part and in ``Analytic
Methods for the Oil and Gas Extraction Point Source Category,'' EPA-
821-R-11-004. See Sec. 435.11(uu). This limitation is applicable
for NAF base fluids that meet the base fluid sediment toxicity ratio
(Footnote 6), biodegradation rate ratio (Footnote 7), PAH, mercury,
and cadmium stock limitations (C16-C18
internal olefin) defined above in this table.
\11\ Maximum permissible retention of non-aqueous drilling fluid
(NAF) base fluid on wet drill cuttings average over drilling
intervals using NAFs as determined by EPA Method 1674, which is
published as an appendix to Subpart A of this part and in ``Analytic
Methods for the Oil and Gas Extraction Point Source Category,'' EPA-
821-R-11-004. See Sec. 435.11(uu). This limitation is applicable
for NAF base fluids that meet the ester base fluid sediment toxicity
ratio and ester biodegradation rate ratio stock limitations defined
as:
(a) ester base fluid sediment toxicity ratio = 10-day
LC50 of C12-C14 ester or
C8 ester/10-day LC50 of stock base fluid as
determined by EPA Method 1644: ``Method for Conducting a Sediment
Toxicity Test with Leptocheirus plumulosus and Non-Aqueous Drilling
Fluids or Synthetic-Based Drilling Muds'' after sediment preparation
procedures specified in EPA Method 1646, which are published as
appendices to Subpart A of this part and in ``Analytic Methods for
the Oil and Gas Extraction Point Source Category,'' EPA-821-R-11-
004. See Sec. 435.11(ee) and (uu);
(b) ester biodegradation rate ratio = Cumulative headspace gas
production (ml) of C12-C14 ester or
C8 ester/Cumulative headspace gas production (ml) of
stock base fluid, both at 275 days as determined by EPA Method 1647,
which is published as an appendix to Subpart A of this part and in
``Analytic Methods for the Oil and Gas Extraction Point Source
Category,'' EPA-821-R-11-004. See Sec. 435.11(e) and (uu); and (c)
PAH mass ratio (Footnote 5), mercury, and cadmium stock limitations
(C16-C18 internal olefin) defined above in
this table.
0
22. The heading of Appendix 1 to Subpart A of Part 435 is revised to
read as follows:
Appendix 1 to Subpart A of Part 435-- Static Sheen Test (EPA Method
1617)
* * * * *
0
23. Appendix 2 to Subpart A of Part 435 is amended as follows:
0
a. Revise the appendix heading.
0
b. Remove the fourth sentence from Section II.C.6.
0
c. Revise Section III.A.1.
0
d. Revise Section III.E.2.
The revisions read as follows:
Appendix 2 to Subpart A of Part 435--Drilling Fluids Toxicity Test (EPA
Method 1619)
* * * * *
III-A. * * *
(1) Each definitive test consists of 18 test containers: 3
replicates of a control and 5 SPP dilutions. Test containers should
be Pyrex or equivalent glass. For definitive tests, 5 SPP dilutions
with 3 replicates of at least 500 ml each are required. Twenty
mysids per replicate, 360 per definitive test are required.
* * * * *
III-E. * * *
(2) Establish the definitive test concentrations based on
results of a range finding test or based on prior experience and
knowledge of the mud system.
* * * * *
0
24. The heading of Appendix 3 to Subpart A of Part 435 is amended to
read as follows:
Appendix 3 to Subpart A of Part 435--Procedure for Mixing Base Fluids
With Sediments (EPA Method 1646)
* * * * *
0
25. Appendix 4 to Subpart A of Part 435 is revised to read as follows:
Appendix 4 to Subpart A of Part 435-- Protocol for the Determination of
Degradation of Non-Aqueous Base Fluids in a Marine Closed Bottle
Biodegradation Test System: Modified ISO 11734:1995 (EPA Method 1647)
1.0. Summary of EPA Method 1647
a. This method determines the anaerobic degradation potential of
mineral oils, paraffin oils and non-aqueous fluids (NAF) in
sediments. These substrates are base fluids for formulating offshore
drilling fluids. The test evaluates base fluid biodegradation rates
by monitoring gas production due to microbial degradation of the
test fluid in natural marine sediment.
b. The test procedure places a mixture of marine/estuarine
sediment, test substrate (hydrocarbon or controls) and seawater into
clean 120 mL (150 mL actual volume) Wheaton serum bottles. The test
is run using four replicate serum bottles containing 2,000 mg
carbon/kg dry weight concentration of test substrate in sediment.
The use of resazurin dye solution (1 ppm) evaluates the anaerobic
(redox) condition of the bottles (dye is blue when oxygen is
present, reddish in low oxygen conditions and colorless if oxygen
free). After capping the bottles, a nitrogen sparge removes air in
the headspace before incubation begins. During the incubation
period, the sample should be kept at a constant temperature of 29
1[deg]C. Gas production and composition is measured
approximately every two weeks. The samples need to be brought to
ambient temperature before making the measurements. Measure gas
production using a pressure gauge. Barometric pressure is measured
at the time of testing to make necessary volume adjustments.
c. ISO 11734:1995 specifies that total gas is the standard
measure of biodegradation. While modifying this test for evaluating
biodegradation of NAFs, methane was also monitored and found to be
an acceptable method of evaluating biodegradation. Section 7
contains the procedures used to follow biodegradation by methane
production. Measurement of either total gas or methane production is
permitted. If methane is followed, determine the composition of the
gas by using gas chromatography (GC) analysis at each sampling. At
the end of the test when gas production stops, or at around 275
days, an analysis of sediment for substrate content is possible.
Common methods which have been successfully used for analyzing NAFs
from sediments are listed in Section 8.
2.0 System Requirements
This environmental test system has three phases, spiked
sediment, overlying seawater, and a gas headspace. The sediment/test
compound mixture is combined with synthetic sea water and
transferred into 120-mL serum bottles. The total volume of sediment/
sea water mixture in the bottles is 75 mL. The volume of the
sediment layer will be approximately 50 mL, but the exact volume of
the sediment will depend on sediment characteristics (wet:dry ratio
and density). The amount of synthetic sea water will be calculated
to bring the total volume in the bottles to 75 mL. The test systems
are maintained at a temperature of 29 1[deg]C during
incubation. The test systems are brought to ambient temperatures
prior to measuring pressure or gas volume.
2.1 Sample Requirements
a. The concentration of base fluids are at least 2,000 mg carbon
test material/kg dry sediment. Carbon concentration is determined by
theoretical composition based on the chemical formula or by chemical
analysis by ASTM D5291-96. Sediments with positive, intermediate and
negative control substances as well as a C16-
C18 internal olefin type base fluid will be run in
conjunction with test materials under the same conditions. The
positive control is ethyl oleate (CAS 111-62-6), the intermediate
control is 1-hexadecene (CAS 629-73-2), and the negative control is
squalane (CAS 111-01-3). Controls must be of analytical grade or
[[Page 29838]]
the highest grade available. Each test control concentration should
be prepared according to the mixing procedure described in Section
3.1.
b. Product names will be used for examples or clarification in
the following text. Any use of trade or product names in this
publication is for descriptive use only, and does not constitute
endorsement by EPA or the authors.
2.2. Seawater Requirements
Synthetic seawater at a salinity of 25 1 ppt should
be used for the test. The synthetic seawater should be prepared by
mixing a commercially available artificial seawater mix, into high
purity distilled or de-ionized water. The seawater should be aerated
and allowed to age for approximately one month prior to use.
2.3. Sediment Requirements
a. The dilution sediment must be from a natural estuarine or
marine environment and be free of the compounds of interest. The
collection location, date and time will be documented and reported.
The sediment is prepared by press-sieving through a 2,000-micron
mesh sieve to remove large debris, then press-sieving through a 500-
micron sieve to remove indigenous organisms that may confound test
results. The water content of the sediment should be less than 60%
(w/w) or a wet to dry ratio of 2.5. The sediment should have a
minimum organic matter content of 3% (w/w) as determined by ASTM
D2974-07a (Method A and D and calculate organic matter as in Section
8.3 of method ASTM D2974-07a).
b. To reduce the osmotic shock to the microorganisms in the
sediment the salinity of the sediment's pore water should be between
20-30 ppt. Sediment should be used for testing as soon as possible
after field collection. If required, sediment can be stored in the
dark at 4 [deg]C with 3-6 inches of overlying water in a sealed
container for a maximum period of 2 months prior to use.
3.0 Test Set Up
The test is set up by first mixing the test or control
substrates into the sediment inoculum, then mixing in seawater to
make a pourable slurry. The slurry is then poured into serum
bottles, which are then flushed with nitrogen and sealed.
3.1. Mixing Procedure
Because base fluids are strongly hydrophobic and do not readily
mix with sediments, care must be taken to ensure base fluids are
thoroughly homogenized within the sediment. All concentrations are
weight-to-weight comparisons (mg of base fluid to kg of dry control
sediment). Sediment and base fluid mixing will be accomplished by
using the following method.
3.1.1. Determine the wet to dry weight ratio for the control
sediment by weighing approximately 10 sub-samples of approximately 1
g each of the screened and homogenized wet sediment into tared
aluminum weigh pans. Dry sediment at 105 [deg]C for 18-24 h. Remove
the dried sediments and cool in a desiccator. Repeat the drying,
cooling, and weighing cycle until a constant weight is achieved
(within 4% of previous weight). Re-weigh the samples to determine
the dry weight. Calculate the mean wet and dry weights of the 10 sub
samples and determine the wet/dry ratio by dividing the mean wet
weight by the mean dry weight using Equation 5-1. This is required
to determine the weight of wet sediment needed to prepare the test
samples.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18MY12.008
3.1.2. Determine the density (g/ml) of the wet sediment. This
will be used to determine total volume of wet sediment needed for
the various test treatments. One method is to tare a 5 ml graduated
cylinder and add about 5 ml of homogenized sediment. Carefully
record the volume then weigh this volume of sediment. Repeat this a
total of three times. To determine the wet sediment density, divide
the weight by volume per the following formula:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18MY12.009
3.1.3. Determine the amount of base fluid to be spiked into wet
sediment in order to obtain the desired initial base fluid
concentration of 2,000 mg carbon/kg dry weight. An amount of wet
sediment that is the equivalent of 30 g of dry sediment will be
added to each bottle. A typical procedure is to prepare enough
sediment for 8 serum bottles (3 bottles to be sacrificed at the
start of the test, 4 bottles incubated for headspace analysis, and
enough extra sediment for 2 extra bottles). Extra sediment is needed
because some of the sediment will remain coated onto the mixing bowl
and utensils. Experience with this test may indicate that preparing
larger volumes of spiked sediment is a useful practice, then the
following calculations should be adjusted accordingly.
a. Determine the total weight of dry sediment needed to add 30 g
dry sediment to 8 bottles. If more bottles are used then the
calculations should be modified accordingly. For example:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18MY12.010
b. Determine the weight of base fluid, in terms of carbon,
needed to obtain a final base fluid concentration of 2,000 mg
carbon/kg dry weight. For example:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18MY12.011
c. i. Convert from mg of carbon to mg of base fluid. This
calculation will depend on the % fraction of carbon present in the
molecular structure of each base fluid. For the control fluids,
ethyl oleate is composed of 77.3% carbon, hexadecene is composed of
85.7% carbon, and squalane is composed of 85.3% carbon. The carbon
fraction of each base fluid should be supplied by the manufacturer
or determined before use. ASTM D5291-96 or equivalent will be used
to determine composition of fluid.
ii. To calculate the amount of base fluid to add to the
sediment, divide the amount of carbon (480 mg) by the percent
fraction of carbon in the fluid.
iii. For example, the amount of ethyl oleate added to 240 g dry
weight sediment can be calculated from the following equation:
[[Page 29839]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18MY12.012
iv. Therefore, add 621 mg of ethyl oleate to 240 g dry weight
sediment for a final concentration of 2,000 mg carbon/kg sediment
dry weight.
3.1.4. Mix the calculated amount of base fluid with the
appropriate weight of wet sediment.
a. Use the wet:dry ratio to convert from g sediment dry weight
to g sediment wet weight, as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18MY12.013
b. i. Weigh the appropriate amount of base fluid (calculated in
Section 3.1.3.c) into stainless mixing bowls, tare the vessel
weight, then add the wet sediment calculated in Equation 5, and mix
with a high shear dispersing impeller for 9 minutes.
ii. The sediment is now mixed with synthetic sea water to form a
slurry that will be transferred into the bottles.
3.2. Creating Seawater/Sediment Slurry
Given that the total volume of sediment/sea water slurry in each
bottle is to be 75 mL, determine the volume of sea water to add to
the wet sediment.
3.2.1. If each bottle is to contain 30 g dry sediment, calculate
the weight, and then the volume, of wet sediment to be added to each
bottle.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18MY12.014
3.2.4. Convert the wet sediment weight from Equation 6 into a
volume using the sediment density.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18MY12.016
3.2.5. Determine the amount of sea water to mix with the wet
sediment.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18MY12.017
Mix sea water thoroughly with wet sediment to form a sediment/
sea water slurry.
3.3. Bottling the Sediment Seawater Slurry
The total volume of sediment/sea water slurry in each bottle is
to be 75 mL. Convert the volume (mL) of sediment/sea water slurry
into a weight (g) using the density of the sediment and the
seawater.
[[Page 29840]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18MY12.018
This should provide each bottle with 30 g dry sediment in a
total volume of 75 mL.
3.3.4. Putting the sediment:seawater slurry in the serum
bottles.
a. Note: The slurry will need to be constantly stirred to keep
the sediment suspended.
b. Place a tared serum bottle on a balance and add the
appropriate amount of slurry to the bottle using a funnel. Once the
required slurry is in the bottle remove the funnel, add 2-3 drops
(25 [mu]L) of a 1 gram/L resazurin dye stock solution. Cap the
bottle with a butyl rubber stopper (Bellco Glass, Part
2048-11800) and crimp with an aluminum seal (Bellco Glass
Part 2048-11020).
c. Using a plastic tube with a (23-gauge, 1-inch long) needle
attached to one side and a nitrogen source to the other, puncture
the serum cap with the needle. Puncture the serum cap again with a
second needle to sparge the bottle's headspace of residual air for
two minutes. The nitrogen should be flowing at no more than 100 mL/
min to encourage gentle displacement of oxygenated air with
nitrogen. Faster nitrogen flow rates would cause mixing and complete
oxygen removal would take much longer. Remove the nitrogen needle
first to avoid any initial pressure problems. The second (vent)
needle should be removed within 30 seconds of removing the nitrogen
needle.
d. Triplicate blank test systems are prepared, with similar
quantities of sediment and seawater without any base fluid. Incubate
in the dark at a constant temperature of 29 1 [deg]C.
e. Record the test temperature. The test duration is dependent
on base fluid performance, but at a maximum should be no more than
275 days. Stop the test after all base fluids have achieved a
plateau of gas production. At termination, base fluid concentrations
can be verified in the terminated samples by extraction and GC
analysis according to Section 8.
4.0. Concentration Verification Chemical Analyses
a. Because of the difficulty of homogeneously mixing base fluid
with sediment, it is important to demonstrate that the base fluid is
evenly mixed within the sediment sea water slurry that was added to
each bottle. Of the seven serum bottles set up for each test or
control condition, three are randomly selected for concentration
verification analyses. These should be immediately placed at 4
[deg]C and a sample of sediment from each bottle should be analyzed
for base fluid content as soon as possible. The coefficient of
variation (CV) for the replicate samples must be less than 20%. The
results should show recovery of at least 70% of the spiked base
fluid. Use an appropriate analytical procedure described in Section
8 to perform the extractions and analyses. If any set of sediments
fail the criteria for concentration verification, then the
corrective action for that set of sediments is also outlined in
Section 8.
b. The nominal concentrations and the measured concentrations
from the three bottles selected for concentration verification
should be reported for the initial test concentrations. The
coefficient of variation (CV) for the replicate samples must be less
than 20%. If base fluid content results are not within the 20% CV
limit, the test must be stopped and restarted with adequately mixed
sediment.
5.0. Gas Monitoring Procedures
Biodegradation is measured by total gas as specified in ISO
11734:1995. Methane production can also be tracked and is described
in Section 7.
5.1. Total Gas Monitoring Procedures
Bottles should be brought to room temperature before readings
are taken. a. The bottles are observed to confirm that the resazurin
has not oxidized to pink or blue. Total gas production in the
culture bottles should be measured using a pressure transducer (one
source is Biotech International). The pressure readings from test
and control cultures are evaluated against a calibration curve
created by analyzing the pressure created by known additions of gas
to bottles established identically to the culture bottles. Bottles
used for the standard curve contain 75 mL of water, and are sealed
with the same rubber septa and crimp cap seals used for the bottles
containing sediment. After the bottles used in the standard curve
have been sealed, a syringe needle inserted through the septa is
used to equilibrate the pressure inside the bottles to the outside
atmosphere. The syringe needle is removed and known volumes of air
are injected into the headspace of the bottles. Pressure readings
provide a standard curve relating the volume of gas injected into
the bottles and headspace pressure. No less than three points may be
used to generate the standard curve. A typical standard curve may
use 0, 1, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mL of gas added to the standard curve
bottles.
b. The room temperature and barometric pressure (to two digits)
should be recorded at the time of sampling. One option for the
barometer is Fisher Part 02-400 or 02-401. Gas production
by the sediment is expressed in terms of the volume (mL) of gas at
standard temperature (0 [deg]C = 273 [deg]K) and pressure (1 atm =
30 inches of Hg) using Eq. 16.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18MY12.020
Where:
V2 = Volume of gas production at standard temperature and
pressure
P1 = Barometric pressure on day of sampling (inches of
Hg)
V1 = Volume of gas measured on day of sampling (mL)
T2 = Standard temperature = 273 [deg]K
T1 = Temperature on day of sampling ([deg]C + 273 =
[deg]K)
P2 = Standard pressure = 30 inches Hg
c. An estimate can be made of the total volume of anaerobic gas
that will be produced in the bottles. The gas production measured
for each base fluid can be expressed as a percent of predicted total
anaerobic gas production.
5.1.1. Calculate the total amount of carbon in the form of the
base fluid present in each bottle.
a. Each bottle is to contain 30 g dry weight sediment. The base
fluid concentration is 2,000 mg carbon/kg dry weight sediment.
Therefore:
[[Page 29841]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18MY12.021
5.1.2. Theory states that anaerobic microorganisms will convert
1 mole of carbon substrate into 1 mole of total anaerobic gas
production.
a. Calculate the number of moles of carbon in each bottle.
b. The molecular weight of carbon is 12 (i.e., 1 mole of carbon
= 12 g). Therefore, the number of moles of carbon in each bottle can
be calculated.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18MY12.022
5.1.3. Calculate the predicted volume of anaerobic gas.
One mole of gas equals 22.4 L (at standard temperature and
pressure), therefore,
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18MY12.023
5.2. Gas Venting
a. If the pressure in the serum bottle is too great for the
pressure transducer or syringe, some of the excess gas must be
wasted. The best method to do this is to vent the excess gas right
after measurement. To do this, remove the barrel from a 10-mL
syringe and fill it \1/3\ full with water. This is then inserted
into the bottle through the stopper using a small diameter (high
gauge) needle. The excess pressure is allowed to vent through the
water until the bubbles stop. This allows equalization of the
pressure inside the bottle to atmospheric without introducing
oxygen. The amount of gas vented (which is equal to the volume
determined that day) must be kept track of each time the bottles are
vented. A simple way to do this in a spreadsheet format is to have a
separate column in which cumulative vented gas is tabulated. Each
time the volume of gas in the cultures is analyzed, the total gas
produced is equal to the gas in the culture at that time plus the
total of the vented gas.
b. To keep track of the methane lost in the venting procedure,
multiply the amount of gas vented each time by the corrected %
methane determined on that day. The answer gives the volume of
methane wasted. This must be added into the cumulative totals
similarly to the total gas additions.
6.0. Test Acceptability and Interpretation
6.1. Test Acceptability
At day 275 or when gas production has plateaued, whichever is
first, the controls are evaluated to confirm that the test has been
performed appropriately. In order for this modification of the
closed bottle biodegradation test to be considered acceptable, all
the controls must meet the biodegradation levels indicated in Table
1. The intermediate control hexadecene must produce at least 30% of
the theoretical gas production. This level may be reexamined after
two years and more data has been generated.
Table 1--Test Acceptability Criteria
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Concentration Percent biodegradability as a function of gas measurement
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Squalane negative Hexadecene intermediate
Positive control control control
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2,000 mg carbon/kg................. >=60% theoretical..... <=5% theoretical...... >=30% theoretical.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.2 Interpretation
a. In order for a fluid to pass the closed bottle test, the
biodegradation of the base fluid as indicated by the total amount of
total gas (or methane) generated once gas production has plateaued
(or at the end of 275 days, which ever is first) must be greater
than or equal to the volume of gas (or methane) produced by the
reference standard (internal elefin or ester).
b. The method for evaluating the data to determine whether a
fluid has passed the biodegradation test must use the equations:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18MY12.024
Where:
NAF = Stock base fluid being tested for compliance
Reference fluid = C16-C18 internal olefin or
C12 -C14 or C8 ester reference
fluid
7.0. Methane Measurement
7.1. Methane Monitoring Procedures
a. The use of total gas production alone may result in an
underestimation of the actual metabolism occurring since
CO2 is slightly soluble in water. An acceptable
alternative method is to monitor methane production and total gas
production. This is easily done using GC analysis. A direct
injection of headspace gases can be made into a GC using almost any
packed or capillary column with an FID detector. Unless volatile
fuels or solvents are present in the test material or the inocula,
the only component of the headspace gas that can be detected using
an FID detector is methane. The percent methane in the headspace gas
is determined by comparing the response of the sample injections to
the response from injections of known percent methane standards. The
percent methane is corrected for water vapor saturation using Eq. 21
and then converted to a volume of dry methane using Eq. 22.
[[Page 29842]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18MY12.025
Where:
D = The density of water vapor at saturation (g/m\3\, can be found
in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics) for the temperature of
sampling.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18MY12.026
Where:
VCH4 = Volume of methane in the bottle
S = Volume of excess gas production (measured with a pressure
transducer)
V = Volume of the headspace in the culture bottle (total volume--
liquid phase)
P = Barometric pressure (mm Hg, measured with barometer)
T = Temperature ([deg]C)
Pw = Vapor pressure of water at T (mm Hg, can be found in
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics)
CH4 = % methane in headspace gas (after correction for
water vapor)
b. The total volume of serum bottles sold as 125 mL bottles
(Wheaton) is 154.8 mL.
c. The volumes of methane produced are then compared to the
volumes of methane in the controls to determine if a significant
inhibition of methane production or a significant increase of
methane production has been observed. Effective statistical analyses
are important, as variability in the results is common due to the
heterogeneity of the inoculum's source. It is also common to observe
that the timing of the initiation of culture activity is not equal
in all of the cultures. Expect a great variability over the period
when the cultures are active, some replicates will start sooner than
others, but all of the replicates should eventually reach similar
levels of base fluid degradation and methane production.
7.2. Expected Methane Production Calculations
a. The amount of methane expected can be calculated using the
equation of Symons and Buswell (Eq. 23). In the case of complete
mineralization, all of the carbon will appear as wither
CO2 or CH4, thus the total moles of gas
produced will be equal to the total moles of carbon in the parent
molecule. The use of the Buswell equation allows you to calculate
the effects the redox potential will have on the distribution of the
products in methanogenic cultures. More reduced electron donors will
allow the production of more methane, while more oxidized electron
donors will cause a production of more carbon dioxide.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18MY12.027
b. An example calculation of the expected methane volume in a
culture fed 2,000 mg/kg hexadecene is as follows. The application of
Symons and Buswell's equation reveals that hexadecene
(C16H32) will yield 4 moles of CO2
and 12 moles of CH4. Assuming 30 g of dry sediment are
added to the bottles with 2,334 mg hexadecene/kg dry sediment (i.e.,
equivalent to 2,000 mg carbon/kg dry sediment) the calculation is as
follows.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18MY12.028
c. By subtracting the average amount of methane in control
bottles from the test bottles and then dividing by the expected
volume an evaluation of the completion of the process may be
conducted.
8.0. Concentration Verification Analysis
The Concentration Verification analysis is required at the
beginning of the test to ensure homogeneity and confirm that the
required amount of fluid was delivered to the sediments at the start
of the test.
8.1. Three samples per fluid need to be analyzed and achieve
<=20% Coefficient of Variability and an average of >=70% to <=120%
of fluid delivered to sediment.
8.2. If a third party performs the analysis, then the laboratory
should be capable of delivering the homogeneity data within seven
days, in order to identify any samples that do not meet the
homogeneity requirement as quickly as possible.
8.3. If one sediment/fluid set, out a multiple set batch of
samples, fails these criteria, then that one set of samples must be
discarded and a fresh set of spiked sediment prepared, started, and
analyzed to ensure homogeneity. The same stock sediment is used to
prepare the replacement set(s). The remaining sets do not need to be
re-mixed or restarted.
8.4. The re-mixed set(s) will need to be run the additional days
as appropriate to ensure that the total number of days is the same
for all sets of bottles, even though the specific days are not
aligned.
8.5. Re-mixing of bottle sets can be performed multiple times as
a result of a failure of the analytical criteria, until the holding
time for the stock sediment has expired (60 days). If the problem
set(s) has not fallen within the acceptable analytical criteria by
then, it must not be part of the batch of bottles run. If the
problem batch is one of the controls, and those controls were not
successfully prepared when the sediment holding time expired, then
the entire test must be restarted.
9.0 Program Quality Assurance and Quality Control
9.1 Calibration
9.1.1. All equipment/instrumentation will be calibrated in
accordance with the test method or the manufacturer's instructions
and may be scheduled or triggered.
9.1.2. Where possible, standards used in calibration will be
traceable to a nationally recognized standard (e.g., certified
standard by NIST).
9.1.3. All calibration activities will be documented and the
records retained.
9.1.4. The source, lot, batch number, and expiration date of all
reagents used with be documented and retained.
[[Page 29843]]
9.2. Maintenance
9.2.1. All equipment/instrumentation will be maintained in
accordance with the test method or the manufacturer's instructions
and may be scheduled or triggered.
9.2.2. All maintenance activities will be documented and the
records retained.
9.3. Data Management and Handling
9.3.1. All primary (raw) data will be correct, complete, without
selective reporting, and will be maintained.
9.3.2. Hand-written data will be recorded in lab notebooks or
electronically at the time of observation.
9.3.3. All hand-written records will be legible and amenable to
reproduction by electrostatic copiers.
9.3.4. All changes to data or other records will be made by:
a. Using a single line to mark-through the erroneous entry
(maintaining original data legibility).
b. Write the revision.
c. Initial, date, and provide revision code (see attached or
laboratory's equivalent).
9.3.5. All data entry, transcriptions, and calculations will be
verified by a qualified person.
a. Verification will be documented by initials of verifier and
date.
9.3.6. Procedures will be in place to address data management
procedures used (at minimum):
a. Significant figures.
b. Rounding practices.
c. Identification of outliers in data series.
d. Required statistics.
9.4. Document Control
9.4.1. All technical procedures, methods, work instructions,
standard operating procedures must be documented and approved by
laboratory management prior to the implementation.
9.4.2. All primary data will be maintained by the contractor for
a minimum of five (5) years.
9.5. Personnel and Training
9.5.1. Only qualified personnel shall perform laboratory
activities.
9.5.2. Records of staff training and experience will be
available. This will include initial and refresher training (as
appropriate).
9.6. Test Performance
9.6.1. All testing will done in accordance with the specified
test methods.
9.6.2. Receipt, arrival condition, storage conditions,
dispersal, and accountability of the test article will be documented
and maintained.
9.6.3. Receipt or production, arrival or initial condition,
storage conditions, dispersal, and accountability of the test matrix
(e.g., sediment or artificial seawater) will be documented and
maintained.
9.6.4. Source, receipt, arrival condition, storage conditions,
dispersal, and accountability of the test organisms (including
inoculum) will be documented and maintained.
9.6.5. Actual concentrations administered at each treatment
level will be verified by appropriate methodologies.
9.6.6. Any data originating at a different laboratory will be
identified and the laboratory fully referenced in the final report.
9.7. The following references identify analytical methods that have
historically been successful for achieving the analytical quality
criteria.
9.7.1. Continental Shelf Associates Report 1998. Joint EPA/
Industry Screening Survey to Assess the Deposition of Drill Cuttings
and Associated Synthetic Based Mud on the Seabed of the Louisiana
Continental Shelf, Gulf of Mexico. Analysis by Charlie Henry Report
Number IES/RCAT97-36 GC-FID and GC/MS.
9.7.2. EPA Method 3550 for extraction with EPA Method 8015 for
GC-FID. EPA Method 3550C, Revision 3. February 2007. Ultrasonic
Extraction. EPA Method 8015C, Revision 3. February 2007.
Nonhalogenated Organics by Gas Chromatography.
9.7.3. Chandler, J.E., S.P. Rabke, and A.J.J. Leuterman. 1999.
Predicting the Potential Impact of Synthetic-Based Muds With the Use
of Biodegradation Studies. Society of Petroleum Engineers SPE 52742.
9.7.4. Chandler, J.E., B. Lee, S.P. Rabke, J.M. Geliff, R.
Stauffer, and J. Hein. 2000. Modification of a Standardized
Anaerobic Biodegradation Test to Discriminate Performance of Various
Non-Aqueous Base Fluids. Society of Petroleum Engineers SPE 61203.
9.7.5. Munro, P.D., B Croce, C.F. Moffet, N.A Brown, A.D.
McIntosh, S.J. Hird, and R.M. Stagg. 1998. Solid-Phase Test for
Comparison for Degradation Rates of Synthetic Mud Base Fluids Used
in the Off-shore Drilling Industry. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 17:1951-
1959.
9.7.6. Webster, L., P.R. Mackie, S.J. Hird, P.D. Munro, N.A.
Brown, and C.F. Moffat. 1997. Development of Analytical Methods for
the Determination of Synthetic Mud Base Fluids in Marine Sediments.
The Analyst 122:1485-1490.
9.8 The following standards are approved for incorporation by
reference by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with
5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies may also be inspected at
EPA's Water Docket, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20460
and at at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA).
For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call
202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.
9.8.1 ASTM International. Available from ASTM International, 100
Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
or online at http://www.astm.org.
9.8.1.1 ASTM D5291-96, Standard Test Methods for Instrumental
Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum
Products and Lubricants, approved April 10, 1996.
9.8.1.2 ASTM D2974-07a, Standard Test Methods for Moisture, Ash,
and Organic Matter of Peat and Other Organic Soils, approved March
15, 2007.
0
26. Amend Appendix 5 to Subpart A of Part 435 by:
0
a. Revising the appendix heading.
0
b. Removing ``35 to 500 amu'' and adding in its place ``35 to 600 amu''
in Section 6.3.2.
0
c. Revising section 9.5. introductory text.
0
d. Revising the equation in section 9.5.2.
0
e. Revising sections 9.6, 11.3 introductory text, 11.3.1, and 11.5.4.2.
0
f. Adding section 6.17.
Appendix 5 to Subpart A of Part 435-- Determination of Crude Oil
Contamination in Non-Aqueous Drilling Fluids by Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry (GC/MS) (EPA Method 1655)
* * * * *
9.5 Duplicates--A duplicate field sample shall be prepared and
analyzed according to Section 11. The relative percent difference
(RPD) of the calculated concentrations shall be less than 15%.
* * * * *
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18MY12.029
9.6 A clean NAF sample shall be prepared and analyzed according
to Section 11. Ultimately the oil-equivalent concentration from the
TIC or EIP signal measured in the clean NAF sample shall be
subtracted from the corresponding authentic field samples in order
to calculate the true contaminant concentration (% oil) in the field
samples (see Section 12).
* * * * *
11.3 Qualitative Identification--See Section 17 of this method
for schematic flowchart.
11.3.1 Qualitative identification shall be accomplished by
comparison of the TIC and EIP area data from an authentic sample to
the TIC and EIP area data from the calibration standards (see
Section 10.4). Crude oil shall be identified by the presence of
C10 to C13 n-alkanes and corresponding target
aromatics.
* * * * *
11.5.4.2 Asphaltene crude oils with API gravity <20 may not
produce chromatographic peaks strong enough to show contamination at
levels of the calibration. Extracted ion peaks should be easier to
see than increased intensities for the C8 to C13 peaks. If a sample
of asphaltene crude from the formation is available, a calibration
standard shall be prepared.
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[[Page 29844]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18MY12.030
[[Page 29845]]
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0
27. The heading of Appendix 6 to Subpart A of Part 435 is revised to
read as follows:
Appendix 6 to Subpart A of Part 435-- Reverse Phase Extraction (RPE)
Method for Detection of Oil Contamination in Non-Aqueous Drilling
Fluids (NAF) (GC/MS) (EPA Method 1670)
* * * * *
0
28. The heading of Appendix 7 to Subpart A of Part 435 is revised to
read as follows:
Appendix 7 to Subpart A of Part 435-- Determination of the Amount of
Non-Aqueous Drilling Fluid (NAF) Base Fluid From Drill Cuttings by a
Retort Chamber (Derived From API Recommended Practice 13B-2) (EPA
Method 1674)
* * * * *
0
29. Appendix 8 to Subpart A of Part 435 is amended by:
0
a. Revising the second paragraph.
0
b. Adding ``>'' before ``11-14'' in Table 1.
Appendix 8 to Subpart A of Part 435--Reference C16-
C18 Internal Olefin Drilling Fluid Formulation
* * * * *
Drilling fluid sediment toxicity ratio = 4-day LC50
of C16-C18 internal olefin drilling fluid/4-
day LC50 of drilling fluid removed from drill cuttings at
the solids control equipment as determined by EPA Method 1644:
``Method for Conducting a Sediment Toxicity Test with Leptocheirus
plumulosus and Non-Aqueous Drilling Fluids or Synthetic-Based
Drilling Muds'' after sediment preparation procedures specified in
EPA Method 1646, which are published as appendices to Subpart A of
this part and in ``Analytic Methods for the Oil and Gas Extraction
Point Source Category,'' EPA-821-R-11-004. See Sec. 435.11(ee) and
(uu).
* * * * *
Subpart D--Coastal Subcategory
0
30. Section 435.41 is amended:
0
a. By revising paragraph (d).
0
b. By revising paragraph (e).
0
c. By revising paragraph (k).
0
d. By revising paragraph (m)(2).
0
e. By revising paragraph (q).
0
f. By revising paragraph (r).
0
g. By amending paragraph (w) to remove ``LC5'' and add in
its place ``LC50''.
0
h. By revising paragraph (y).
0
i. By revising paragraph (ee).
0
j. By revising paragraph (ff).
0
k. By adding paragraph (mm).
Sec. 435.41 Special definitions.
* * * * *
(d) Base fluid retained on cuttings as applied to BAT effluent
limitations and NSPS refers to the ``Determination of the Amount of
Non-Aqueous Drilling Fluid (NAF) Base Fluid from Drill Cuttings by a
Retort Chamber (Derived from API Recommended Practice 13B-2)'', EPA
Method 1674, which is published as an appendix to Subpart A of this
part and in ``Analytic Methods for the Oil and Gas Extraction Point
Source Category,'' EPA-821-R-11-004. See paragraph (mm) of this
section.
(e) Biodegradation rate as applied to BAT effluent limitations and
NSPS for drilling fluids and drill cuttings refers to the ``Protocol
for the Determination of Degradation of Non Aqueous Base Fluids in a
Marine Closed Bottle Biodegradation Test System: Modified ISO
11734:1995,'' EPA Method 1647, supplemented with ``Procedure for Mixing
Base Fluids With Sediments,'' EPA Method 1646. Both EPA Method 1646 and
1647 are published as appendices to Subpart A of this part and in
``Analytic Methods for the Oil and Gas Extraction Point Source
Category,'' EPA-821-R-11-004. See paragraph (mm) of this section.
* * * * *
(k) Diesel oil refers to the grade of distillate fuel oil, as
specified in the American Society for Testing and Materials Standard
Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils D975-91, that is typically used as
the continuous phase in conventional oil-based drilling fluids. This
incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal
Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies
may be obtained from the American Society for Testing and Materials,
100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. Copies may be
inspected at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA).
For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-
741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. A copy may also be
inspected at EPA's Water Docket, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW.,
Washington, DC 20460.
* * * * *
(m) * * *
(2) Dry drill cuttings means the residue remaining in the retort
vessel after completing the retort procedure specified in EPA Method
1674, which is published as an appendix to Subpart A of this part and
in ``Analytic Methods for the Oil and Gas Extraction Point Source
Category,'' EPA-821-R-11-004. See paragraph (mm) of this section.
* * * * *
(q) Formation oil means the oil from a producing formation which is
detected in the drilling fluid, as determined by the GC/MS compliance
assurance method, EPA Method 1655, when the drilling fluid is analyzed
before being shipped offshore, and as determined by the RPE method, EPA
Method 1670, when the drilling fluid is analyzed at the offshore point
of discharge. The GC/MS compliance assurance method and the RPE method
approved for use with this part are published as appendices to Subpart
A of this part and in ``Analytic Methods for the Oil and Gas Extraction
Point Source Category,'' EPA-821-R-11-004. See paragraph (mm) of this
section. Detection of formation oil by the RPE method may be confirmed
by the GC/MS compliance assurance method, and the results of the GC/MS
compliance assurance method shall supersede those of the RPE method.
(r) Garbage means all kinds of victual, domestic, and operational
waste, excluding fresh fish and parts thereof, generated during the
normal operation of coastal oil and gas facility and liable to be
disposed of continuously or periodically, except dishwater, graywater,
and those substances that are defined or listed in other Annexes to
MARPOL 73/78. A copy of MARPOL may be inspected at EPA's Water Docket,
1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20460.
* * * * *
(y) No discharge of free oil means that waste streams may not be
discharged that contain free oil as evidenced by the monitoring method
specified for that particular stream, e.g., deck drainage or
miscellaneous discharges cannot be discharged when they would cause a
film or sheen upon or discoloration of the surface of the receiving
water; drilling fluids or cuttings may not be discharged when they fail
EPA Method 1617 (Static Sheen Test), which is published as an appendix
to Subpart A of this part and in ``Analytic Methods for the Oil and Gas
Extraction Point Source Category,'' EPA-821-R-11-004. See paragraph
(mm) of this section.
* * * * *
(ee) SPP toxicity as applied to BAT effluent limitations and NSPS
for drilling fluids and drill cuttings refers to the bioassay test
procedure, ``Suspended Particulate Phase (SPP) Toxicity Test,''
presented in EPA Method 1619, which is published as an appendix to
Subpart A of this part and in ``Analytic Methods for the Oil and Gas
Extraction Point Source Category,'' EPA-821-R-11-004. See paragraph
(mm) of this section.
(ff) Static sheen test means the standard test procedure that has
been
[[Page 29846]]
developed for this industrial subcategory for the purpose of
demonstrating compliance with the requirement of no discharge of free
oil. The methodology for performing the static sheen test is presented
in EPA Method 1617, which is published as an appendix to Subpart A of
this part and in ``Analytic Methods for the Oil and Gas Extraction
Point Source Category,'' EPA-821-R-11-004. See paragraph (mm) of this
section.
* * * * *
(mm) Analytic Methods for the Oil and Gas Extraction Point Source
Category is the EPA document, EPA-821-R-11-004, that compiles analytic
methods for this category. Copies may be inspected at the National
Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the
availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to:
http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. A copy may also be inspected at EPA's
Water Docket, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20460. This
method may be obtained at http://water.epa.gov/scitech/methods/cwa/index.cfm.
0
31. In Sec. 435.42 footnote 1 to the table is revised to read as
follows:
Sec. 435.42 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree
of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best
practicable control technology currently available (BPT).
* * * * *
\1\ No discharge of free oil. See Sec. 435.41(y).
* * * * *
0
32. In Sec. 435.43:
0
a. Remove ``LC5'' and add in its place ``LC50''
in the table.
0
b. Footnotes 2 and 4 to the table are revised to read as follows:
Sec. 435.43 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree
of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best
available technology economically achievable (BAT).
* * * * *
\2\ As determined by the static sheen test. See Sec.
435.41(ff).
* * * * *
\4\ As determined by the suspended particulate phase (SPP)
toxicity test. See Sec. 435.41(ee).
* * * * *
0
33. In Sec. 435.44 footnote 2 to the table is revised to read as
follows:
Sec. 435.44 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree
of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best
conventional pollutant control technology (BCT).
* * * * *
\2\ As determined by the static sheen test. See Sec.
435.41(ff).
* * * * *
0
34. In Sec. 435.45:
0
a. Remove ``LC5'' and add in its place ``LC50''in
the table.
0
b. Footnotes 2 and 4 to the table are revised to read as follows:
Sec. 435.45 Standards of performance for new sources (NSPS).
* * * * *
\2\ As determined by the static sheen test. See Sec.
435.41(ff).
* * * * *
\4\ As determined by the suspended particulate phase (SPP)
toxicity test. See Sec. 435.41(ee).
* * * * *
[FR Doc. 2012-10210 Filed 5-17-12; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P