[Federal Register Volume 77, Number 188 (Thursday, September 27, 2012)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 59339-59343]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2012-23715]
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NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
48 CFR Parts 1812, 1828, and 1852
RIN 2700-AD55
Cross Waivers of Liability Clauses
AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: NASA has adopted, with minor changes, a final rule amending
the NASA FAR Supplement (NFS) to consolidate and make changes to three
existing cross-waiver of liability contract clauses, and to more
closely align the clauses with current mission programs.
DATES: Effective Date: October 29, 2012.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Leigh Pomponio, NASA, Office of
Procurement, Contract Management Division (Suite 2P77); (202) 358-0592;
email: [email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
1. Background
A proposed rule was published on May 5, 2011 (76 FR 25657) to
consolidate NASA's three existing cross-waiver of liability clauses
into two clauses and to align the two clauses with Agency mission
requirements, consistent with the cross-waiver of liability regulatory
authority at 14 CFR part 1266. The regulatory authority at 14 CFR part
1266 was promulgated on February 26, 2008 (73 FR 10143-50). The
February 2008 rule established NASA's cross-waiver of liability
authority in two categories of NASA agreements: (1) Agreements for ISS
activities pursuant to the ``Agreement Among the Government of Canada,
Governments of Member States of the European Space Agency, the
Government of Japan, the Government of the Russian Federation, and the
Government of the United States of
[[Page 59340]]
America concerning Cooperation on the Civil International Space
Station'' (commonly referred to as the ISS Intergovernmental Agreement,
or IGA); and (2) launch agreements involving science or space
exploration activities unrelated to the ISS.
Following promulgation of the two-category regulatory authority,
the three-category contract clause arrangement no longer aligned. The
procurement rule of May 7, 2011 proposed to delete one clause and
realign the remaining two to cover the two categories of contracts on
which cross-waivers of liability are authorized and required: Contracts
supporting ISS and contracts supporting launches into space that are
not related to the ISS. Clause 1852.228-72, Cross-Waiver of Liability
for Space Shuttle Services will be deleted. Clause 1852.228-76 is
amended and retitled Cross-Waiver of Liability for International Space
Station Activities, and 1852.228-78 is amended and retitled Cross-
Waiver of Liability for Science or Space Exploration Activities
Unrelated to the International Space Station. While the proposed rule
included continuing applicability of cross waivers of liability to
Space Shuttle support contracts, this final rule removes the Space
Shuttle support contract references because NASA will not issue any new
contracts for Space Shuttle support. Further, wherever the cross-waiver
of liability clauses are referenced in the NASA FAR Supplement,
conforming changes are being made to clause numbers and titles.
2. Discussion and Analysis
Two respondents submitted comments in response to the proposed
rule. NASA reviewed and considered all comments in the development of
the final rule. No changes are being made to the rule as a result of
the comments. A discussion of the comments follows:
A. One respondent mistakenly cited this docket number, but the
comments submitted were unrelated to this rule.
B. One respondent submitted 19 specific recommendations for change.
They are individually addressed below. In general, the comments appear
to confuse the relationship NASA has with its contractors vice that
which NASA has with Cooperating Parties under cooperative Space Act
agreements. This procurement rule addresses only the requirements for
NASA contractors. This rule does not address the relationship that NASA
has with other entities under cooperative Space Act agreements.
C. Comments:
1. 1852.228-76(a): The stated objective is ``to extend this cross-
waiver of liability to NASA contracts'' [emphasis added.] There is a
distinction between NFS contracts and Space Act agreements that is
recognized throughout the proposed rule, but not reflected in paragraph
(a). Recommend adding ``Space Act agreements''.
NASA Response: The distinction between NASA contracts and Space Act
agreements is recognized throughout the rule, but this rule applies
only to contracts, and therefore, Space Act agreements are not cited in
the clause. The purpose of this rule is to extend cross-waivers of
liability to contracts. Space Act Agreements have their own set of
terms, and they are governed by 14 CFR part 1266. To the extent that
cross-waivers of liability apply to Space Act agreements, the terms
will be included in the Space Act agreement. Space Act agreements are
outside the scope of this Rule.
2. 1852.228-76(b)(1): NASA contracts should be added to the
definition of ``Agreement'' to ensure that the cross-waiver clauses
include FAR-based contracts. NASA Response: ``Agreement'', as defined
in the clause, is correct. Agreement, as used here, refers to Space Act
agreements between NASA and Cooperating Parties, and does not include
contracts. Contracts between NASA and contractors, including
subcontracts and supplier contracts thereunder, are not Agreements as
defined in the clause.
3. 1852.228-76(b)(5): The definition of ``Party'' should be amended
to add NASA contractors.
NASA Response: ``Party'', as defined in the clause, refers to
Parties to the cooperative Space Act agreement, i.e. the Space Act
agreement between NASA and a Cooperating Party. The definition does not
include contractors, and the definition clearly states that contractors
and subcontractors are not ``Parties''.
4. 1852.228-76(b)(6): Recommend amending the definition of payload
to read ``all property to be flown or used on or in a Launch or
Transfer Vehicle or the ISS''
NASA Response: It is not necessary to add ``transfer vehicle'' to
the definition of ``payload'' because, at the time of launch, a
transfer vehicle is ``property flown on a launch vehicle'', and is
therefore included in the definition of payload. While it is true that,
at some point, a transfer vehicle ceases to be ``payload'' and becomes,
instead, a ``space vehicle'', it is not necessary, for purposes of this
rule, to define that point in time. A transfer vehicle is subject to
cross-waivers of liability whether it is functioning as payload or as a
space vehicle. For a detailed discussion on NASA's development of a
definition of ``transfer vehicle,'' please see 73 FR 10146.
5. 1852.228-76 (b)(7): The ``Protected Space Operations''
definition includes certain activities ``in implementation of the IGA *
* * and contracts to perform work in support of NASA's obligations
under the IGA and these related agreements.'' It appears that the
capitalized ``Agreements'' in this sentence refers to the IGA; however,
``Agreement'' is defined in the clause to mean otherwise. Recommend
clarifying the distinction.
NASA response: Agreements as used in 1852.228-76(b)(7) is
consistent with the definition of Agreement in the clause. It does not
refer specifically to the IGA.
6. 1852.228-76(c)(1): Recommend changing ``the contractor'' to
``each party''.
NASA response: The ``contractor'' is the correct term. The purpose
of the clause is to require the contractor to agree to a waiver of
liability. The clause does not apply to ``each party'' to other
agreements.
7. 1852.228-76(c)(2): Recommend changing ``the contractor'' to
``each party'' and ``subcontractors'' to ``related entities''.
NASA response: The clause is correct as written. The clause
requires the contractor to extend the cross-waiver liability to its
subcontractors at any tier. Use of the terms ``Party'' or ``related
entities'' would, for reasons stated above, be incorrect. 1852.228-
76(c)(2)(ii): Recommend changing ``subcontractors'' to ``related
entities.''
NASA Response: See response to 7.
8. 1852.228-76(c)(4)(i): Recommend changing ``the Government'' to
``a Party'', and ``own contractors or between its own contractors and
their subcontractors and subcontractors'' to '' related entities''.
NASA Response: The clause is correct as written. Cross-waivers do
not apply between the Government and its contractors or between a
contractor and its subcontractors. Contract terms and conditions apply
to these relationships.
9. 1852.228-76(c)(4)(v): Recommend changing ``contractor'' to
``party'' and ``subcontractor'' to ``related entity''.
NASA Response: See response to 9.
10. 1852.228-76(c)(4)(vi): Recommend changing ``Government'' to ``a
Party'' and ``contractor's'' to ``other Party's'' inserting the word
``contractual'' before ``obligations '' and changing ``contract'' to
``agreement''.
NASA Response: The clause is correct as written. Specifically,
1852.228-76(c)(4)(vi) refers to the relationship
[[Page 59341]]
between NASA and its contractor and does not include any other parties
or any agreements.
11. 1852.228-78(b)(1): NASA contracts should be amended to add the
definition of ``Agreement'' to ensure that the cross-waiver clauses
include FAR-based contracts. We recommend amending the definition as
follows: ``Agreement'' refers to any NASA Space Act agreements or
contracts that contain the cross-waiver of liability provisions
authorized by 14 CFR Part 1266-104.''
NASA Response: This rule amends the NASA FAR Supplement which
applies only to contracts and not Space Act Agreements. Also see
response to 2.
12. 1852.228-78(b)(4): Recommend the definition of ``Party'' be
amended to add NASA contracts.
NASA Response: See response to 3.
13. 1852.228-78(b)(5): Recommend adding ``Transfer Vehicle'' to the
definition of ``Payload''.
NASA Response: See response to 4.
14. 1852.228-78(c)(1): Recommend changing ``contractor'' to ``each
Party''.
NASA Response: The clause is correct as written. The contract
clause obligates the contractor. See response to 6 above.
15. 1852.228-78(c)(2): Recommend changing ``contractor'' to
``party'' and ``own subcontractors at all tiers'' to ``related
entities''.
NASA Response: The clause is correct as written. See response to 7.
16. 1852.228-78(c)(4)(i): Recommend changing ``Government'' to ``a
Party'' and ``own contractors or between its own contractors and their
subcontractors'' to '' Related Entities''.
NASA Response: The clause is correct as written. See response to 9.
17. 1852.228-78(c)(4)(v): Recommend changing ``contractor'' to ``a
Party'' and ``subcontractors'' to ``related entities'' .
NASA Response: The clause is correct as written. See response to 9.
18. 1852.228-78(c)(4)(6): Recommend changing ``Government'' to ``a
party'' and ``contractor's'' to ``other party's'' and inserting the
word ``contractual'' before ``obligations '' and ``contract'' to
``agreement''.
NASA Response: See response to 11.
3. Executive Orders 12866 and 13563
Executive Orders (E.O.s) 12866 and 13563 direct agencies to assess
all costs and benefits of available regulatory alternatives and, if
regulation is necessary, to select regulatory approaches that maximize
net benefits (including potential economic, environmental, public
health, and safety effects, distributive impacts, and equity). E.O.
13563 emphasizes the importance of quantifying both costs and benefits,
of reducing costs, of harmonizing rules, and of promoting flexibility.
This is not a significant regulatory action and, therefore, was not
subject to review under section 6(b) of E.O. 12866, Regulatory Planning
and Review, dated September 30, 1993. This rule is not a major rule
under 5 U.S.C. 804.
4. Regulatory Flexibility Act
NASA certifies that this final rule will not have a significant
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities within the
meaning of the Regulatory Flexibility Act, at 5 U.S.C. 601, et. seq.,
because it the rule does not impose any additional requirements on
small business. The rule updates and realigns already-existing
requirements.
5. Paperwork Reduction Act
The Paperwork Reduction Act (Pub. L. 104-13) is not applicable
because the NFS changes do not impose information collection
requirements that require the approval of the Office of Management and
Budget under 44 U.S.C. 3501, et seq.
List of Subjects in 48 CFR Parts 1812, 1828, and 1852
Government procurement.
William P. McNally,
Assistant Administrator for Procurement.
Accordingly, 48 CFR parts 1812, 1828, and 1852 are amended as
follows:
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1. The authority citation for 48 CFR parts 1812, 1828, and 1852
continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 2455(a), 2473(c)(1).
PART 1812--ACQUISITION OF COMMERCIAL ITEMS
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2. In section 1812.301, paragraph (f)(i)(K) is removed and reserved,
and paragraphs (f)(i)(L) and (f)(i)(M) are revised to read as follows:
1812.301 Solicitation provisions and contract clauses for the
acquisition of commercial items.
(f)(i) * * *
(L) 1852.228-76, Cross-Waiver of Liability for International Space
Station Activities.
(M) 1852.228-78, Cross-Waiver of Liability for Science or Space
Exploration Activities unrelated to the International Space Station.
* * * * *
PART 1828--BONDS AND INSURANCE
0
3. Section 1828.371 is revised to read as follows:
1828.371 Clauses incorporating cross-waivers of liability for
International Space Station activities and Science or Space Exploration
activities unrelated to the International Space Station.
(a) In contracts covering International Space Station activities,
or Science or Space Exploration activities unrelated to the
International Space Station that involve a launch, NASA shall require
the contractor to agree to waive all claims against any entity or
person defined in the clause based on damage arising out of Protected
Space Operations. This cross-waiver shall apply only if the person,
entity, or property causing the damage is involved in Protected Space
Operations and the person, entity, or property damaged is damaged by
virtue of its involvement in Protected Space Operations. The cross-
waivers will require the contractor to extend the cross-waiver
provisions to their subcontractors at any tier and related entities
ensuring those subcontractors and related entities also waive all
claims against any entity or person defined in the clause for damages
arising out of Protected Space Operations. The purpose of the clauses
prescribed in this section is to extend the cross-waivers under other
agreements to NASA contractors that perform work in support of NASA's
obligations under these agreements.
(b) The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 1852.228-78,
Cross-Waiver of Liability for Science or Space Exploration Activities
unrelated to the International Space Station, in solicitations and
contracts above the simplified acquisition threshold for the
acquisition of launches for science or space exploration activities
unrelated to the International Space Station or for acquisitions for
science or space exploration activities that are not related to the
International Space Station but involve a launch. If a science or space
exploration activity is in support of the International Space Station,
the contracting officer shall insert the clause prescribed by paragraph
(c) of this section and designate its application to that particular
launch.
(c) The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 1852.228-76,
Cross-Waiver of Liability for International Space Station Activities,
in solicitations and contracts above the simplified acquisition
threshold when the work to be performed involves Protected Space
Operations, as that term is defined in the clause, relating to the
International Space Station.
(d) At the contracting officer's discretion, the clauses prescribed
by paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section may be used in solicitations,
contracts,
[[Page 59342]]
new work modifications, or extensions to existing contracts under the
simplified acquisition threshold involving science or space exploration
activities unrelated to the International Space Station, or
International Space Station activities, respectively, in appropriate
circumstances. Examples of such circumstances are when the value of
contractor property on a Government installation used in performance of
the contract is significant, or when it is likely that the contractor
or subcontractor will have its valuable property exposed to risk or
damage caused by other participants in the science or space exploration
activities unrelated to the International Space Station, or
International Space Station activities.
PART 1852--SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES
1852.228-72 [Removed]
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4. Section 1852.228-72 is removed.
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5. Section 1852.228-76 is revised to read as follows:
1852.228-76 Cross-waiver of liability for international space station
activities.
As prescribed in 1828.371(c) and (d), insert the following clause:
CROSS-WAIVER OF LIABILITY FOR INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION ACTIVITIES
(OCT 2012)
(a) The Intergovernmental Agreement Among the Government of
Canada, Governments of Member States of the European Space Agency,
the Government of Japan, the Government of the Russian Federation,
and the Government of the United States of America concerning
Cooperation on the Civil International Space Station (IGA) for the
International Space Station (ISS) contains a cross-waiver of
liability provision to encourage participation in the exploration,
exploitation, and use of outer space through the ISS. The objective
of this clause is to extend this cross-waiver of liability to NASA
contracts in the interest of encouraging participation in the
exploration, exploitation, and use of outer space through the
International Space Station (ISS). The Parties intend that this
cross-waiver of liability be broadly construed to achieve this
objective.
(b) As used in this clause, the term:
(1) ``Agreement'' refers to any NASA Space Act agreement that
contains the cross-waiver of liability provision authorized by 14
CFR 1266.102.
(2) ``Damage'' means:
(i) Bodily injury to, or other impairment of health of, or death
of, any person;
(ii) Damage to, loss of, or loss of use of any property;
(iii) Loss of revenue or profits; or
(iv) Other direct, indirect, or consequential Damage.
(3) ``Launch Vehicle'' means an object, or any part thereof,
intended for launch, launched from Earth, or returning to Earth
which carries Payloads or persons, or both.
(4) ``Partner State'' includes each Contracting Party for which
the IGA has entered into force, pursuant to Article 25 of the IGA or
pursuant to any successor agreement. A Partner State includes its
Cooperating Agency. It also includes any entity specified in the
Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between NASA and the Government of
Japan to assist the Government of Japan's Cooperating Agency in the
implementation of that MOU.
(5) ``Party'' means a party to a NASA Space Act agreement
involving activities in connection with the ISS and a party that is
neither the prime contractor under this contract nor a subcontractor
at any tier.
(6) ``Payload'' means all property to be flown or used on or in
a Launch Vehicle or the ISS.
(7) ``Protected Space Operations'' means all Launch or Transfer
Vehicle activities, ISS activities, and Payload activities on Earth,
in outer space, or in transit between Earth and outer space in
implementation of the IGA, MOUs concluded pursuant to the IGA,
implementing arrangements, and contracts to perform work in support
of NASA's obligations under these Agreements. It includes, but is
not limited to:
(i) Research, design, development, test, manufacture, assembly,
integration, operation, or use of Launch or Transfer Vehicles, the
ISS, Payloads, or instruments, as well as related support equipment
and facilities and services; and
(ii) All activities related to ground support, test, training,
simulation, or guidance and control equipment and related facilities
or services. ``Protected Space Operations'' also includes all
activities related to evolution of the ISS, as provided for in
Article 14 of the IGA. ``Protected Space Operations'' excludes
activities on Earth which are conducted on return from the ISS to
develop further a Payload's product or process for use other than
for ISS-related activities in implementation of the IGA.
(8) ``Related Entity'' means:
(i) A contractor or subcontractor of a Party or a Partner State
at any tier;
(ii) A user or customer of a Party or a Partner State at any
tier; or
(iii) A contractor or subcontractor of a user or customer of a
Party or a Partner State at any tier. The terms ``contractor'' and
``subcontractor'' include suppliers of any kind.
(9) ``Transfer Vehicle'' means any vehicle that operates in
space and transfers Payloads or persons or both between two
different space objects, between two different locations on the same
space object, or between a space object and the surface of a
celestial body. A Transfer Vehicle also includes a vehicle that
departs from and returns to the same location on a space object.
(c) Cross-waiver of liability:
(1) The Contractor agrees to a cross-waiver of liability
pursuant to which it waives all claims against any of the entities
or persons listed in paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (c)(1)(iv) of this
clause based on Damage arising out of Protected Space Operations.
This cross-waiver shall apply only if the person, entity, or
property causing the Damage is involved in Protected Space
Operations and the person, entity, or property damaged is damaged by
virtue of its involvement in Protected Space Operations. The cross-
waiver shall apply to any claims for Damage, whatever the legal
basis for such claims, against:
(i) A Party as defined in (b)(5) of this clause;
(ii) A Partner State other than the United States of America;
(iii) A Related Entity of any entity identified in paragraph
(c)(1)(i) or (c)(1)(ii) of this clause; or
(iv) The employees of any of the entities identified in
paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (c)(1)(iii) of this clause.
(2) In addition, the contractor shall, by contract or otherwise,
extend the cross-waiver of liability set forth in paragraph (c)(1)
of this clause to its subcontractors at any tier by requiring them,
by contract or otherwise, to:
(i) Waive all claims against the entities or persons identified
in paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (c)(1)(iv) of this clause; and
(ii) Require that their subcontractors waive all claims against
the entities or persons identified in paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through
(c)(1)(iv) of this clause.
(3) For avoidance of doubt, this cross-waiver of liability
includes a cross-waiver of claims arising from the Convention on
International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects, which
entered into force on September 1, 1972, where the person, entity,
or property causing the Damage is involved in Protected Space
Operations and the person, entity, or property damaged is damaged by
virtue of its involvement in Protected Space Operations.
(4) Notwithstanding the other provisions of this clause, this
cross-waiver of liability shall not be applicable to:
(i) Claims between the Government and its own contractors or
between its own contractors and subcontractors;
(ii) Claims made by a natural person, his/her estate, survivors
or subrogees (except when a subrogee is a Party to an Agreement or
is otherwise bound by the terms of this cross-waiver) for bodily
injury to, or other impairment of health of, or death of, such
person;
(iii) Claims for Damage caused by willful misconduct;
(iv) Intellectual property claims;
(v) Claims for Damage resulting from a failure of the contractor
to extend the cross-waiver of liability to its subcontractors and
related entities, pursuant to paragraph (c)(2) of this clause;
(vi) Claims by the Government arising out of or relating to the
contractor's failure to perform its obligations under this contract.
(5) Nothing in this clause shall be construed to create the
basis for a claim or suit where none would otherwise exist.
(6) This cross-waiver shall not be applicable when 49 U.S.C.
Subtitle IX, Chapter 701 is applicable.
(End of clause)
[[Page 59343]]
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6. Section 1852.228-78 is revised to read as follows:
1852.228-78 Cross-waiver of liability for science or space exploration
activities unrelated to the International Space Station.
As prescribed in 1828.371(b) and (d), insert the following clause:
CROSS-WAIVER OF LIABILITY FOR SCIENCE OR SPACE EXPLORATION ACTIVITIES
UNRELATED TO THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
(OCT 2012)
(a) The purpose of this clause is to extend a cross-waiver of
liability to NASA contracts for work done in support of Agreements
between Parties involving Science or Space Exploration activities
that are not related to the International Space Station (ISS) but
involve a launch. This cross-waiver of liability shall be broadly
construed to achieve the objective of furthering participation in
space exploration, use, and investment.
(b) As used in this clause, the term:
(1) ``Agreement'' refers to any NASA Space Act agreement that
contains the cross-waiver of liability provision authorized in 14
CFR 1266.104.
(2) ``Damage'' means:
(i) Bodily injury to, or other impairment of health of, or death
of, any person;
(ii) Damage to, loss of, or loss of use of any property;
(iii) Loss of revenue or profits; or
(iv) Other direct, indirect, or consequential Damage;
(3) ``Launch Vehicle'' means an object, or any part thereof,
intended for launch, launched from Earth, or returning to Earth
which carries Payloads or persons, or both.
(4) ``Party'' means a party to a NASA Space Act agreement for
Science or Space Exploration activities unrelated to the ISS that
involve a launch and a party that is neither the prime contractor
under this contract nor a subcontractor at any tier hereof.
(5) ``Payload'' means all property to be flown or used on or in
a Launch Vehicle.
(6) ``Protected Space Operations'' means all Launch or Transfer
Vehicle activities and Payload activities on Earth, in outer space,
or in transit between Earth and outer space in implementation of an
Agreement for Science or Space Exploration activities unrelated to
the ISS that involve a launch. Protected Space Operations begins at
the signature of the Agreement and ends when all activities done in
implementation of the Agreement are completed. It includes, but is
not limited to:
(i) Research, design, development, test, manufacture, assembly,
integration, operation, or use of Launch or Transfer Vehicles,
Payloads, or instruments, as well as related support equipment and
facilities and services; and
(ii) All activities related to ground support, test, training,
simulation, or guidance and control equipment, and related
facilities or services.
Protected Space Operations excludes activities on Earth which
are conducted on return from space to develop further a payload's
product or process other than for the activities within the scope of
an Agreement.
(7) ``Related entity'' means:
(i) A contractor or subcontractor of a Party at any tier;
(ii) A user or customer of a Party at any tier; or
(iii) A contractor or subcontractor of a user or customer of a
Party at any tier.
Note to paragraph (a)(7): The terms ``contractors'' and
``subcontractors'' include suppliers of any kind.
(8) ``Transfer Vehicle'' means any vehicle that operates in
space and transfers Payloads or persons or both between two
different space objects, between two different locations on the same
space object, or between a space object and the surface of a
celestial body. A Transfer Vehicle also includes a vehicle that
departs from and returns to the same location on a space object.
(c) Cross-waiver of liability:
(1) The Contractor agrees to a waiver of liability pursuant to
which it waives all claims against any of the entities or persons
listed in paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (c)(1)(iv) of this clause
based on Damage arising out of Protected Space Operations. This
cross-waiver shall apply only if the person, entity, or property
causing the Damage is involved in Protected Space Operations and the
person, entity, or property damaged is damaged by virtue of its
involvement in Protected Space Operations. The waiver shall apply to
any claims for Damage, whatever the legal basis for such claims,
against:
(i) A Party;
(ii) A Party to another NASA Agreement or contract that includes
flight on the same Launch Vehicle;
(iii) A Related Entity of any entity identified in paragraphs
(c)(1)(i) or (c)(1)(ii) of this clause; or
(iv) The employees of any of the entities identified in
(c)(1)(i) through (iii) of this clause.
(2) The Contractor agrees to extend the cross-waiver of
liability as set forth in paragraph (c)(1) of this clause to its own
subcontractors at all tiers by requiring them, by contract or
otherwise, to:
(i) Waive all claims against the entities or persons identified
in paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (c)(1)(iv) of this clause; and
(ii) Require that their Related Entities waive all claims
against the entities or persons identified in paragraphs (c)(1)(i)
through (c)(1)(iv) of this clause.
(3) For avoidance of doubt, this cross-waiver of liability
includes a cross-waiver of claims arising from the Convention on
International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects, entered
into force on 1 September 1972, in which the person, entity, or
property causing the Damage is involved in Protected Space
Operations and the person, entity, or property damaged is damaged by
virtue of its involvement in Protected Space Operations.
(4) Notwithstanding the other provisions of this clause, this
cross-waiver of liability shall not be applicable to:
(i) Claims between the Government and its own contractors or
between its own contractors and subcontractors;
(ii) Claims made by a natural person, his/her estate, survivors,
or subrogees (except when a subrogee is a Party to an Agreement or
is otherwise bound by the terms of this cross-waiver) for bodily
injury to, or other impairment of health, or death of such person;
(iii) Claims for Damage caused by willful misconduct;
(iv) Intellectual property claims;
(v) Claims for damages resulting from a failure of the
contractor to extend the cross-waiver of liability to its
subcontractors and related entities, pursuant to paragraph (c)(2) of
this clause; or
(vi) Claims by the Government arising out of or relating to a
contractor's failure to perform its obligations under this contract.
(5) Nothing in this clause shall be construed to create the
basis for a claim or suit where none would otherwise exist.
(6) This cross-waiver shall not be applicable when 49 U.S.C.
Subtitle IX, Chapter 701 is applicable.
(End of Clause)
[FR Doc. 2012-23715 Filed 9-26-12; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 7510-01-P