[Federal Register Volume 80, Number 22 (Tuesday, February 3, 2015)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 5701-5713]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2015-02021]
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CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION
16 CFR Part 1120
[CPSC Docket No. CPSC-2015-0003]
Substantial Product Hazard List: Extension Cords
AGENCY: Consumer Product Safety Commission.
ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking.
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SUMMARY: The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC or Commission) is
proposing a rule to specify that extension cords (both indoor and
outdoor use extension cords) that do not contain one or more readily
observable characteristics set forth in the proposed rule constitute a
substantial product hazard under the Consumer Product Safety Act
(CPSA). The rule would amend 16 CFR part 1120, which lists products
that the Commission has determined present a substantial product hazard
if the products have or lack specified characteristics that are readily
observable, have been addressed by a voluntary standard, such standard
has been effective in reducing the risk of injury associated with the
product, and there is substantial compliance with the standard.
DATES: Written comments must be received by April 20, 2015.
ADDRESSES: You may submit comments, identified by Docket No. CPSC-2015-
0003, by any of the following methods:
Electronic Submissions: Submit electronic comments to the Federal
eRulemaking Portal at: http://www.regulations.gov. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments. The Commission does not accept
comments submitted by electronic mail (email), except through
www.regulations.gov. The Commission encourages you to submit electronic
comments by using the Federal eRulemaking Portal, as described above.
Written Submissions: Submit written submissions by mail/hand
delivery/courier to: Office of the Secretary, Consumer Product Safety
Commission, Room 820, 4330 East West Highway, Bethesda, MD 20814;
telephone (301) 504-7923.
Instructions: All submissions received must include the agency name
and docket number for this notice. All comments received may be posted
without change, including any personal identifiers, contact
information, or other personal information provided, to: http://www.regulations.gov. Do not submit confidential business information,
trade secret information, or other sensitive or protected information
that you do not want to be available to the public. If furnished at
all, such information should be submitted in writing.
Docket: For access to the docket to read background documents or
comments received, go to: http://www.regulations.gov, and insert the
docket number CPSC-2015-0003, into the ``Search'' box, and follow the
prompts.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Arthur Lee, Office of Hazard
Identification and Reduction, Consumer Product Safety Commission,
National Product Testing and Evaluation Center, 5 Research Place,
Rockville, MD 20850; telephone: 301-987-2008; [email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Introduction
The Commission proposes to issue a rule under section 15(j) of the
CPSA, 15 U.S.C. 2064(j), which would amend the substantial product
hazard list in 16 CFR part 1120 (part 1120). The substantial product
hazard list in part 1120 would be amended to add extension cords that
lack certain readily observable characteristics. Four characteristics
apply to all general-use extension cords (indoor and outdoor extension
cords including indoor seasonal extension cords):
(1) Minimum wire size;
(2) sufficient strain relief;
(3) proper polarity; and
(4) proper continuity.
In addition, one characteristic (outlet covers) applies to certain
2-wire indoor extension covers and one characteristic (jacketed
insulated cord) applies to outdoor extension cords. Under the proposed
amendment to part 1120, extension cords that do not contain one or more
of the specified readily observable characteristics would be deemed to
create a substantial product hazard under section 15(a)(2) of the CPSA
because such products pose a risk of electrical shock or fire. These
identified, readily observable characteristics for extension cords have
been addressed in a voluntary standard, Underwriters Laboratories (UL),
Standard for Cord Sets and Power-Supply Cords, UL 817, 11th Edition,
dated March 16, 2001, revised February 3, 2014 (UL 817).\1\
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\1\ The UL mark and logo are trademarks of UL, LLC (formerly
known as Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.).
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As detailed in this notice, the Commission determines preliminarily
that:
Minimum wire size; sufficient strain relief; polarization;
continuity; outlet covers (for indoor cords); and flexible jacketed
insulation (for outdoor cords) are all readily observable
characteristics of extension cords;
the identified readily observable characteristics are
addressed by a voluntary standard, UL 817;
conformance to UL 817 has been effective in reducing the
risk of injury from shock and fire associated with indoor and outdoor
extension cords; and
extension cords sold in the United States substantially
comply with UL 817.
A. Background and Statutory Authority
Section 223 of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008
(CPSIA), amended section 15 of the CPSA, 15 U.S.C. 2064, to add a new
subsection (j). Section 15(j) of the CPSA provides the Commission with
the authority to specify, by rule, for any consumer product or class of
consumer products, characteristics whose existence or absence are
deemed a
[[Page 5702]]
substantial product hazard under section 15(a)(2) of the CPSA. 15
U.S.C. 2064(j). Section 15(a)(2) of the CPSA defines a ``substantial
product hazard,'' in relevant part, as a product defect which (because
of the pattern of defect, the number of defective products distributed
in commerce, the severity of the risk, or otherwise) creates a
substantial risk of injury to the public. For the Commission to issue a
rule under section 15(j) of the CPSA, the characteristics involved must
be ``readily observable'' and have been addressed by a voluntary
standard. Moreover, the voluntary standard must be effective in
reducing the risk of injury associated with the consumer products; and
there must be substantial compliance with the voluntary standard. Id.
The Commission has issued two previous final rules under section
15(j) of the CPSA, codified in 16 CFR part 1120, involving drawstrings
on children's upper outerwear (76 FR 42502, July 19, 2011) (drawstring
rule) and integral immersion protection on handheld hair dryers (76 FR
37636, June 28, 2011) (hair dryer rule). Additionally, on October 16,
2014, the Commission issued a notice of proposed rulemaking to include
seasonal and decorative lighting products in part 1120. 79 FR 62081.
The Commission has not defined a ``readily observable'' characteristic
in any rule. In the proposed drawstring rule (75 FR 27497, 27499, May
17, 2010), the Commission found that the requirements detailed in the
relevant voluntary standard could be evaluated with ``simple
manipulations of the garment, simple measurements of portions of the
garments, and unimpeded visual observation.'' The Commission stated:
``more complicated or difficult actions to determine the presence or
absence of defined product characteristics also may be consistent with
`readily observable.''' The Commission stated its intent to evaluate
``readily observable'' characteristics on a case-by-case basis. 75 FR
at 27499. Finally, in the proposed rule on seasonal and decorative
lighting, the Commission determined preliminarily that minimum wire
size, sufficient strain relief, and overcurrent protection were
``readily observable'' characteristics of lighting products through
visual observation, or visual observation of a simple measurement. 79
FR at 62082 & 62084-06.
B. Extension Cords
1. Product Description
The proposed rule uses the phrase ``extension cord'' to identify
the products that are within the scope of the rule. The Commission
proposes to define an ``extension cord'' (also known as a cord set) as
a length of factory-assembled flexible cord with an attachment plug or
current tap as a line fitting and with a cord connector as a load
fitting. Extension cords are used for extending a branch circuit supply
of an electrical outlet to the power-supply cord of a portable
appliance, in accordance with the National Electrical Code.[supreg] For
purposes of the proposed rule, the term applies to extension cords that
are equipped with National Electrical Manufacturer Association (NEMA)
1-15, 5-15 and 5-20 fittings, and that are intended for indoor use only
or for both indoor and outdoor use. We refer to cords intended for
indoor use only as ``indoor cords'' and to cords intended for both
indoor and outdoor use as ``outdoor cords.'' The term extension cord
does not include detachable power supply cords, appliance cords, power
strips and taps, and adaptor cords supplied with outdoor tools and yard
equipment. The proposed definition is consistent with the description
of products subject to the applicable voluntary standard, as set forth
in section 1 of UL 817.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP03FE15.000
Picture 1 depicts products that come under the definition of
``extension cord'' in the proposed rule. All in-scope products are
covered by UL 817. Table 1 provides a non-exhaustive list of examples
of extension cords that fall within and out of scope of the proposed
rule. Not included in this rule are detachable power supply and
appliance cords with non-NEMA fittings and adaptor cords supplied with
outdoor tools and yard equipment because these are specific-purpose,
rather than general-use, cords. The products that are out of scope for
the proposed rule, are not subject to UL 817, or do not present the
same risks of injury.
Table 1--Extension Cords: Products Within and Outside the Scope of the
Proposed Rule
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In Scope:
Household extension cords, factory-assembled, 120 volts AC, including:
Indoor or general-use cord sets, including seasonal indoor cord
sets.
Outdoor cord sets.
[[Page 5703]]
Out of Scope:
Detachable power cords, either with appliance or other
nonstandard plugs (e.g., accompanying electronic or other electrically
powered items), or with fittings of different configurations (e.g., a
clothes washer replacement cord with a plug at one end and individual
wire terminals at the other end).
Unassembled components, such as flexible cord or fittings,
which may be assembled into extension cords or installed in permanent
branch circuit wiring systems.
Cord sets intended for use with non-branch-circuit household
current, i.e., greater or less than nominal 120 volts AC (e.g., for use
with 220 volt appliances, or for 15-50 ampere/125-250-volt recreational
vehicles).
Power strips, power taps, and surge protectors.
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2. Applicable Voluntary Standard
The current voluntary standard applicable to extension cords is UL
817-2014. UL has updated UL 817 over the years to address various
safety issues to make extension cords safer, see Staff's Draft Proposed
Rule to Add Extension Cords to the Substantial Product Hazard List in
16 CFR part 1120, January 21, 2015 (Staff Briefing Package) Tab B,
Extension Cords: Abbreviated History and the Associated UL Standards.
The staff's briefing package is available on the CPSC's Web site at:
http://www.cpsc.gov/Global/Newsroom/FOIA/CommissionBriefingPackages/2015/Proposed-Rule-to-Amend-Substantia-Product-Hazard-List-to-Include-Extension-Cords.pdf. Since 1987, the standard has addressed most of the
identified, readily observable characteristics (minimum wire size,
sufficient strain relief, proper polarization, proper continuity,
outlet covers for indoor cords, and jacketed insulated cords for
outdoor extension cords) that are included in this proposed rule.
Many of the safety requirements for extension cords predate the
existence of the CPSC. CPSC staff believes that UL incorporated
requirements for polarized (and grounded) plugs and receptacles on cord
sets around 1962. A CPSC staff search found that grounded plugs were
developed as early as 1911, and polarized plugs became available in
1914. The National Electrical Code (NEC) adopted requirements for
polarized electrical outlets in 1948 and for grounded 120-volt
receptacles in 1962.
Table 2 summarizes the required characteristics in UL 817
associated with all extension cords, as well as specific requirements
for indoor and outdoor use extension cords.
Table 2--Readily Observable Characteristics for Extension Cords
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Readily observable characteristics
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General extension cord usage Minimum wire size Sufficient strain
(AWG) relief Proper polarization Proper continuity Protective feature
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Indoor, UL 817, Section 20......... 16AWG, or 17/18AWG 18AWG or larger must Cord fittings must be Plug and outlet Outlet covers must be
with integral withstand 30 pound polarized (NEMA1-15) terminals must be provided on unused
overcurrent force. or have a grounding connected in outlets on 2-wire
protection. UL 817, Section 84.... pin (NEMA5-15). identical parallel.
UL 817, Sections 2.10, UL 817, Sections 9, configuration (i.e., UL 817, Section 26.7
21. 19. Hot-to-Hot, likewise
for Neutral and
Ground).
UL 817, Sections 16,
105.
Outdoor, UL 817, Section 30........ SAME.................. SAME.................. SAME................. SAME................. Jacketed flexible
UL 817, Section 2.13, UL 817, Sections 31, cord.
30. 32. UL 817, Section 30
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3. Electrocution and Fire Hazards
Consumers can be seriously injured or killed by electrical shocks
or fires if extension cord products are not constructed properly. All
extension cords covered by UL 817 must comply with requirements for
minimum wire size, sufficient strain relief, proper polarization, and
proper continuity. Meeting these requirements reduces the risk of
injury caused by fires or electrical shocks.
Wire size. Conforming to the minimum wire size requirement
in UL 817 supports a product's electrical load to avoid the hazard of
fire and electrical shock. When an extension cord does not contain the
correct wire size for the load, the cord becomes hot and the insulation
is degraded. Damaged insulation can fail by sagging, melting, or
hardening and breaking apart, which can expose the energized wire
inside the extension cord. Exposed energized wires present a risk of
fire and electrical shock. Additionally, conforming to the minimum wire
size requirement contributes to the necessary mechanical strength to
endure handling and other forces imposed on an extension cord during
expected use of the product.
Strain relief. Conforming to the strain relief requirement
in UL 817 helps to ensure that use of extension cords, including
pulling and twisting the cords, does not cause mechanical damage to the
connections and prevents separation of wires from their terminal
connections during handling (pulled, twisted, etc.). Damaged
connections, such as broken strands of copper wiring inside the
insulated wiring, could cause overheating (leading to a fire) or
separation of wires from their terminal connections, which could expose
bare energized conductors, leading to electrical shock and fire.
Proper polarity. An extension cord that conforms to the
proper polarity requirements in UL 817 minimizes the risk of accidental
contact with an energized conductor. Polarization clearly identifies
the energized wire in the cord set and ensures, in conjunction with
other construction requirements, that products, such as lighting,
appliances, and other equipment plugged into the extension cord provide
power in the same orientation as the
[[Page 5704]]
receptacle of the branch circuit. For example, a product that employs a
power switch that must be located in the energized side of the power
supply circuit will be supplied in the proper orientation, thus
reducing the risk of electrical shock.
Proper Continuity. An extension cord that conforms to
continuity requirements in UL 817 provides a continuous conductive path
from line to load fitting so that the cord can serve the function for
which it is intended. For each terminal in the plug fitting, a
corresponding conductor must be attached to the corresponding terminal
in the load fitting. For example, a cord attached to a plug with a
grounding pin must have a grounding conductor. Each wire in the cord
also must be connected properly on each end so that, for example, the
grounding pin of the plug on a three-wire cord is connected to the
grounding socket on the outlet, and the energized blade on the plug is
not wired to the non-energized receptacle on the outlet. Proper
continuity from end to end reduces the risk of both fire and electrical
shock.
Indoor and outdoor extension cords each have one additional safety
requirement that is also readily observable and reduces the risk of
injury.
Outlet covers. Indoor 2-wire parallel extension cords with
polarized parallel-blade and -slot fittings must contain outlet covers.
Outlet covers reduce the risk of injury to children, in particular, by
minimizing the opportunity for a child to probe plugs with small
objects or chew on the exposed receptacle surfaces, which can lead to
hand or mouth burns and electrical shock.
Jacketed cords. Outdoor extension cords must have jacketed
cords. A jacketed cord protects the individual insulated wires from
damage when exposed to weather and other conditions associated with
outdoor use. An unjacketed extension cord used outdoors is susceptible
to damage that can lead to exposed conductors, thus presenting a risk
of shock and fire.
4. Risk of Injury
CPSC has been concerned with the number of fires and injuries
resulting from extension cords for many years. CPSC staff searched
extension cord incident data from CPSC's Injury or Potential Injury
Database (IPII) for both fatal and nonfatal incidents, and staff
searched the Death Certificate Database (DTHS) for fatal incidents.
Staff limited the scope of the incidents considered to incidents
involving fire, burn, and shock hazards. Separate product codes do not
exist in CPSC's databases for indoor and outdoor extension cords.
Moreover, incident narratives often do not make clear which type of
cord was involved. Accordingly, staff's analysis considers indoor and
outdoor extension cords together.
Staff's search of IPII data found 716 in-scope fatal extension cord
incidents between 1980 and 2013. These incidents caused 1,078 deaths.
The search of DTHS found 47 unique (not duplicates of incidents found
in IPII) fatal, in-scope incidents that occurred between 1980 and 2013.
These 47 incidents led to 47 deaths. In total, the two databases have
763 fatal in-scope extension cord incidents that caused 1,125 deaths
between 1980 and 2013.
Table 3 shows the annual average number of incidents for five
different periods for fatal incidents, deaths, and nonfatal incidents.
The table breaks the 34-year period into four 7-year periods and a 6-
year period. Reporting may not be complete for the most recent period
because sometimes CPSC receives reports of incidents years after the
incidents have occurred. Table 3 shows a decline in the number of
reported extension cord fire, burn, and shock fatal incidents, deaths,
and nonfatal incidents in CPSC databases from the 1980s.
Table 3--Extension Cord Annual Average \2\ of Reported Fatal Incidents, Deaths, and Nonfatal Incidents From 1980-
2013 \3\
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Fatal Nonfatal
Years incidents Deaths incidents
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1980-1986....................................................... 32.7 47.7 201.0
1987-1993....................................................... 27.7 46.6 178.7
1994-2000....................................................... 23.6 31.1 131.6
2001-2007....................................................... 15.9 21.7 112.3
2008-2013 \3\................................................... 10.7 15.8 51.0
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5. Office of Compliance Efforts To Address Extension Cord Hazards
In numerous instances, CPSC staff has considered the absence of one
or more of the identified readily observable characteristics (minimum
wire size, sufficient strain relief, proper polarization, proper
continuity, outlet covers for indoor cords, and jacketed insulated
cords for outdoor extension cords) to present a substantial product
hazard and has sought appropriate corrective action to prevent injury
to the public. From 1994 to August 2014, as shown in the Staff Briefing
Package, Tab D, Extension Cords: Product Recalls and Import Stoppages,
Table 1, CPSC staff obtained 29 voluntary recalls of extension cords
involving a total of 3.2 million units. In addition to recalls, CPSC
staff identified 54 shipments of extension cords at import involving a
total of 160,000 units, in which extension cords may not have complied
with UL 817. See Staff Briefing Package, Tab D, Table 2. Tables 1 and 2
of Tab D list enforcement actions based on a staff preliminary
determination of a substantial product hazard. Most of the hazards
listed in Tables 1 and 2 correspond to the readily observable
characteristics in the proposed rule. Accordingly, if the proposed rule
is finalized, such nonconformance would constitute a Commission-
determined substantial product hazard under 16 CFR part 1120.
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\2\ The numbers are given as annual averages instead of totals
because the periods are not divided equally.
\3\ A lag exists between when an incident occurs and when it
appears in the data. The most recent years may be incomplete. For
the IPII extension cord data, 99 percent of the nonfatal incidents
have a lag time of less than 1 year. For the fatal IPII incidents,
96 percent of the data have a lag time of less than 1 year. For
DTHS, as of December 31, 2014, the database is 76 percent complete
for 2013, 97 percent complete for 2012, 98 percent complete for
2011, and 99 percent complete for 2009 and 2010.
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Additionally, the Office of Compliance sent a letter dated January
9, 2015 to manufacturers, importers, and retailers of extension cords,
informing them that the Office of Compliance considers products that do
not conform to the UL 817 requirements for the identified readily
observable characteristics to be defective and to present a substantial
product hazard. See Staff Briefing Package, Tab A, Office of Compliance
January 9, 2015 Letter to Manufacturers, Importers, and Retailers
[[Page 5705]]
of Extension Cords. Accordingly, relevant stakeholders are on notice of
the requirements of UL 817 and reporting requirements under section 15
of the CPSA.
II. Preliminary Determination of Substantial Product Hazard
A. Defined Characteristics Are Readily Observable
Sections 2, 9, 16, 19, 20, 21, 26, 30, 31, 32, 84, and 105 of UL
817 set forth the requirements for the identified readily observable
characteristics specified in the proposed rule: Minimum wire size,
sufficient strain relief, proper polarization, proper continuity,
outlet covers for certain 2-wire indoor cords, and jacketed insulated
cords for outdoor extension cords. Table 2 in section I.B.2 of this
preamble summarizes the technical requirements for the identified
readily observable characteristics in UL 817. Additionally, Tab C of
the Staff's Briefing Package, Extension Cords: Readily Observable
Safety Characteristics, provides more detail on the information
presented in Table 2. If finalized, the rule would deem the absence of
any one or more of these specified characteristics to be a substantial
product hazard under section 15(a)(2) of the CPSA.
1. Minimum Wire Size
Section 2 of UL 817 specifies a ``general-use cord set'' using
flexible cord as described in Table 20.1 of UL 817 with conductors
sized 18, 17, 16, 14, 12, or 10 AWG terminated in a plug and outlet.
Extension cords using flexible cord with conductors sized 18 or 17 AWG
also require overcurrent protection.
Minimum wire size is readily observable by measuring the bare
conductors. Before measuring the wire size, staff must expose the
conductors within the wire. Exposing the wire is done quickly and
easily by using a small, handheld tool to strip the electrical
insulation from the wiring. One method of measurement uses a circular
wire gauge, which can determine if the wire size meets the minimum, as
specified in UL 817. Picture 2 demonstrates use of a wire gauge to
measure wire size. In Picture 2, the 16 AWG wire passes through the 16
AWG slot but not through any of the thinner (numerically larger) AWG
slots.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP03FE15.001
In CPSC staff's experience, extension cords that do not meet the
minimum wire size requirement typically fail by using wiring that is
substantially undersized for the product; staff has observed products
that use wiring that is more than six wire sizes smaller than the
minimum required.
The Commission determines preliminarily that minimum wire size, as
required in section 2 of UL 817, is a readily observable characteristic
of extension cords that can be observed visually by taking a simple
measurement of the product's bare wires.
2. Sufficient Strain Relief
Section 84 of UL817 describes the strain relief test required for
all extension cords. Section 84.2.1 specifies that cords with 18AWG or
larger conductors must withstand a 30-pound pull force on the
connection between the fitting and the cord. Section 84.2.2 of UL 817
specifies that a weight must be steadily suspended from the cord for 1
minute so that the cord is pulled directly from the fitting without the
cord pulling loose or stretching from the plug/load fitting. In CPSC
staff's experience, a lighting product with insufficient strain relief
will typically
[[Page 5706]]
fail this test within a few seconds of suspending the applicable
weight. CPSC engineering staff has found that equivalent results are
accomplished by suspending a weight from the body of the fitting, as
illustrated in Picture 3.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP03FE15.002
The Commission determines preliminarily that sufficient strain
relief, as required in section 84 of UL 817, is a readily observable
characteristic of extension cords that can be observed based on whether
an extension cords stretches or breaks when suspending a 30-lb. weight
from the plug and load fittings.
3. Proper Polarization
Section 19 of UL 817 requires that all two-wire extension cords
must have polarized fittings. Sections 31 and 32 of UL 817 require that
all two-conductor outdoor extension cords must have polarized fittings
and that grounding fittings must be used on three-conductor cords.
General UL construction specifications on fittings (Section 9.3 of UL
817) require that polarized outlets must reject improper or reversed
insertion of polarized plugs to reduce the risk of shock.
Proper polarization is readily observable by visually inspecting
the plug for a difference in the slot and blade widths or for the
presence of a grounding pin and a matching outlet opening. Another
visually observable method to determine compliance to UL 817 is to
insert the plug of the extension cord (or any polarized two-blade plug)
into the outlet on the opposite end of the cord using every possible
orientation. The plug must fit into the outlet in only one orientation.
Pictures 4a and 4b demonstrate two types of polarized plugs. The
extension cord shown in picture 4a meets the polarization requirement
by using the slot and blade width method, and the extension cord shown
in picture 4b meets the requirement using slot and blade width, and a
grounding pin.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP03FE15.003
The Commission determines preliminarily that proper polarization,
as required in sections 9, 19, 31, and 32 of UL 817, is a readily
observable characteristic of extension cords that can be observed based
on a visual inspection of the plug.
4. Proper Continuity
Section 16 of UL 817 requires that corresponding terminals of line
(plug) and load (outlet) fittings must be connected to the same
conductor of the cord. Section 105 of UL 817 prescribes testing
requirements for all manufactured extension cords so that the
conductors are connected to the intended terminals of the fittings, and
that electrical continuity exists throughout the entire length of the
conductor/contact assembly. The wires of an extension cord must form
continuous paths from one end to the other so the cord can serve the
function for which it is intended. Each wire in the cord also must be
properly connected on each end so that, for example, the grounding pin
of the plug on a three-wire cord is connected to the grounding socket
on the outlet, and the energized blade on the plug is not wired to the
non-energized receptacle on the outlet.
Continuity is readily observable by checking the plug and outlet
connections using a simple battery-light continuity tester. A simple
continuity tester can be purchased at hardware stores or from online
retailers for $5 to
[[Page 5707]]
$7. For this procedure, insert one probe of the tester into a
receptacle contact (slot or hole) of the extension cord and touch the
other probe against each prong (blade or pin) of the extension cord
plug. The tester light illuminates when the probes simultaneously touch
the correct corresponding conductor terminals. An inexpensive portable
ohmmeter or multimeter may also be used in a similar manner. The
observation takes less than 1 minute. Picture 5 shows a battery light
continuity tester with an extension cord.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP03FE15.004
The Commission determines preliminarily that proper continuity, as
required in sections16 and 105 of UL 817, is a readily observable
characteristic of extension cords that can be visually observed using a
battery-light continuity tester.
5. Outlet Covers (Certain 2-Wire Indoor Extension Cords)
Section 26.7 of UL 817 requires that an indoor 2-wire parallel
extension cord with polarized parallel-blade and -slot fittings that
has more than one outlet must have covers for all the additional
outlets, as illustrated in Picture 6. Outlet covers are readily
observable by visually verifying that all but one outlet has an outlet
cover.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP03FE15.005
The Commission determines preliminarily that outlet covers on
indoor 2-wire parallel extension cords with polarized parallel-blade
and -slot fittings, as required in section 26 of UL 817, are a readily
observable characteristic of indoor extension cords by visual
inspection for the presence of the covers.
6. Jacketed Insulated Cords (Outdoor Extension Cords)
Section 30 of UL 817 requires that extension cords for outdoor use
be manufactured using jacketed insulated flexible cord, that is, a cord
consisting of two or three insulated wires covered by an additional
jacket of insulation.
The required jacket is readily observable through visual
observation of the thicker insulation on the cord. The jacket also is
observable after cutting the cord. An outer insulator around the
individual conductors is easily observed. Picture 7 depicts an example
of a jacketed outdoor extension cord.
[[Page 5708]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP03FE15.006
The Commission determines preliminarily that jacketed insulated
cords on outdoor extension cords, as required in section 30 of UL 817,
are a readily observable characteristic of outdoor extension cords by
visual inspection.
B. Conformance to UL 817 Has Been Effective in Reducing the Risk of
Injury
The Commission determines preliminarily that conformance to
sections 2, 9, 16, 19, 20, 21, 26, 30, 31, 32, 84, and 105 of UL 817,
as summarized in Table 2 in section I.B.2 of this preamble, has been
effective in reducing the risk of injury from shock and fire associated
with extension cords. Additionally, the CPSC's incident data suggest
that conformance to UL 817 has contributed to a decline in the risk of
injury associated with extension cords. See Tab E of Staff's Briefing
Package, Extension Cords: Fire or Shock Incidents from 1980 to 2013.
Table 3 in section I.B.4 of this preamble lists the reported deaths
associated with extension cords from 1980 to 2013.\4\ The 34-year
period is broken up into four 7-year periods and a 6-year period.
Although reporting may not be complete for the most recent period
because sometimes CPSC receives reports of incidents years after the
incidents have occurred, Table 3 demonstrates that the average numbers
of fatal incidents, deaths, and nonfatal incidents have declined since
1980.
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\4\ The numbers are given as annual averages instead of totals
because the periods are not divided equally.
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Figure 1 presents a 3-year moving average for reported deaths due
to extension cords, by year, for the period 1980-2013,\5\ for data from
the Potential Injury Database (IPII), and the Death Certificate
Database (DTHS). Figure 1 shows that the reported number of deaths has
declined since as early as 1993, and continued on a downward trend to
2013. This decrease may be due to various factors, such as changes to
UL 817, home building codes, and fire-prevention strategies. The
reduced number of reported deaths may be partially attributed to the
construction and performance requirements in the current UL 817
standard.
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\5\ A lag exists between when an incident occurs and when it
appears in the data. The most recent years may be incomplete. For
the IPII extension cord data, 99 percent of the nonfatal incidents
have a lag time of less than 1 year. For the fatal IPII incidents,
96 percent of the data have a lag time of less than 1 year. For
DTHS, as of December 31, 2014, the database is 76 percent complete
for 2013, 97 percent complete for 2012, 98 percent complete for
2011, and 99 percent complete for 2009 and 2010.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP03FE15.007
Figure 2 presents a 3-year moving average for nonfatal incidents
due to extension cord products, by year, for the period 1980-2013, for
data from IPII. Figure 2 also demonstrates an overall downward trend
during this period, with the exceptions of yearly fluctuations. The
decrease can be attributed to several factors, including:
[[Page 5709]]
Changes to UL 817, enhanced home building code requirements, and fire
prevention strategies. The construction and performance requirements in
the current UL 817 standard for extension cord products have made the
products safer than products manufactured without these construction
and performance requirements. As discussed above, the identified
characteristics increase the safety of extension cords.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP03FE15.008
C. Extension Cords Substantially Comply With UL 817
The CPSA does not define ``substantial compliance'' with a
voluntary standard. Legislative history of the CPSA regarding a finding
of ``substantial compliance'' in the context of issuing a consumer
product safety standard indicates that substantial compliance should be
measured by considering the number of complying products rather than
the number of manufacturers of products that comply with a standard.
H.R. Rep. No. 208, 97th Cong., 1st Sess. 871 (1981). This same
legislative history indicates further that substantial compliance may
be found when an unreasonable risk of injury associated with a product
will be eliminated or adequately reduced ``in a timely fashion.'' Id.
The Commission has not articulated a bright line rule for substantial
compliance. Rather, in the rulemaking context, the Commission has
stated that the determination of substantial compliance should be made
on a case-by-case basis.
The Commission determines preliminarily that compliance with UL 817
is ``substantial'' as that term is used in section 15(j) of the CPSA.
This determination is based on CPSC staff's review of market
information and compliance activity. Staff estimates that the current
level of voluntary conformance to UL's standard for extension cords, UL
817, is very high among units sold to consumers in the United States,
likely in excess of 90 percent. See Tab F of Staff's Briefing Package,
Extension Cords: Information about the Product and Level of Conformance
to UL Voluntary Standard.
1. Market Data
Limited information is available about the market for extension
cords and about producers and sellers. A substantial majority of
products that would be subject to the proposed rule appear to be
imported, primarily from the People's Republic of China. Other
exporting nations named in International Trade Commission (ITC) reports
include Mexico, Germany, the Republic of China (Taiwan), and Canada.
Some cord sets are produced domestically, and some of these are
household products subject to UL 817; however, most domestically
produced items appear to be intended for industrial or other commercial
use. Based on contacts with industry representatives and a review of
online listings, CPSC staff has identified only four domestic producers
of extension cords that would be subject to the proposed rule.
Imports of extension cords are enumerated under the ITC's
Harmonized Tariff System of the United States (HTS) code 8544.42.9000,
``insulated electric conductors, for a voltage not exceeding 1,000
volts, fitted with connectors, not elsewhere specified or included.''
This category includes a wide variety of communication and energy
transmission cables, components, and related products; data for
extension cords are not reported separately. The HTS grouping is
analogous to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
code 335999 for domestically produced miscellaneous electrical
equipment and components; this NAICS code includes 40 distinct product
subcategories, including many that are industrial or commercial
products. The ITC reported that in 2013 the declared value of imports
under this HTS code was about $2.8 billion, comprising about 775,000
entry lines (i.e., individual shipments) by nearly 11,000 importers
(including brokers and shipping companies that file bills of lading).
Monthly ITC reports indicate that the category will increase by about 6
percent in 2014, to approximately $3.0 billion in import value.
Although no breakdowns of these published aggregate statistics are
available, the large number of products involved suggests that only a
small proportion of the volume and value of shipments under this HTS
code likely are comprised of products that would be subject to the
proposed rule.
The ITC tariff database shows that the largest number of import
shipments in 2013 originated from China. An online wholesale directory,
GlobalSources.com, identified 77 suppliers (including trading
companies) in China, Hong Kong, or Taiwan that export extension cords
to the United States. Another product directory, Made-in-China.com,
identified 798
[[Page 5710]]
Chinese suppliers of extension cords and other flexible cords. About 10
to 15 members of the National Electrical Manufacturers Association
(NEMA) produce or import extension cords, almost all from China. NEMA
reports that all of its members market only UL-conforming products.
Given the large number of firms involved in trade for the wide
variety of products in the category, a small minority of such firms
likely imports extension cords subject to UL 817; however, even if only
10 percent were subject to the proposed rule, the number of firms would
still be substantial at more than 1,000. Some importers market products
only to wholesalers and retailers; other importers are also retailers
that market directly to consumers, either online or through physical
stores. CPSC staff has identified about 20 leading importers, most of
which appear to be large, multinational firms; however, a great
majority of the importers of extension cords likely are small
businesses.
Some of the leading importers market multiple brands of extension
cords that would be covered by the proposed rule. Roughly 20 to 25
national brands (including those of several major retailers) are
dominant in the consumer market. Some of the lowest-priced products are
unbranded.
2. Usage and Pricing
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, from 2009 to 2013, there was
an average of roughly 115 million U.S. households. Extension cords are
ubiquitous; a substantial majority of households likely owns at least
one cord set. Although no published estimates of usage are available,
the number of extension cord-owning households may exceed 100 million.
Furthermore, in view of the large number of electrical items found in
homes, many households likely have multiple cord sets for indoor and
outdoor use.
Extension cords are generally low import value items. Based on the
range of observed retail prices, most items probably have an import
value (before distribution chain mark-ups) in the range of $1.00 to
$10.00 per unit. Observed retail prices of extension cords range from a
few dollars (for the least expensive indoor cord sets) to more than
$100 (for the largest outdoor cord sets). CPSC staff observed that
typical per-unit retail pricing is roughly $5.00 to $10.00 for indoor
cord sets, and $15 to $30 for outdoor cord sets. Extension cords
represent a minor expenditure for most households.
Information on the numbers of indoor versus outdoor extension cords
in use, and on the relative market share of each type, is not
available. The indoor cord set dollar value market share is undoubtedly
much smaller than the unit share because indoor cord sets, on average,
are much lower in price than outdoor cord models.
3. Estimated Voluntary Conformance
Recent data on extension cord recalls and import stoppages \6\ over
the past decade show that relatively few of these products have been
affected by enforcement actions. Fewer recalls occurred since 2004 (6
recalls involving 6 importers and 775,000 units) compared to the
previous decade (23 recalls involving 22 importers and 2.5 million
units); this is generally consistent with the observed decline in
reported fire and shock incidents since the late 1980s. The 54 reported
import shipment stoppages since 2004 involved 23 importers but only
about 160,000 units. Assuming that the Compliance data present a
reasonably accurate view of nonconformance, the 29 importers and
roughly 1 million products that were either involved in recalls or
otherwise identified as potentially violative over the entire last
decade represent less than 3 percent of the possible 1,000 importers
and an unknown but small percentage of all units sold.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\6\ Staff Briefing Package, Tab D, Extension Cords: Product
Recalls and Import Stoppages.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Three testing organizations certify U.S. market extension cords as
conforming to UL 817: UL; Intertek Co. (ETL); and CSA Group (CSA,
formerly known as the Canadian Standards Association). All three
companies perform tests in accordance with the UL standard and sell
listing mark rights to manufacturers, importers, or private labelers.
Although some products may be defective and fail to conform even though
the products carry a listing or certification mark, such incidents
appear to be rare. Of the enforcement actions over the past decade
described above, only one of the recalls and two of the import
stoppages involved extension cords from importers who claim to offer
only UL-conforming goods. For purposes of CPSC staff's analysis, all
products carrying the UL, ETL, or CSA mark are presumed to be in
conformance with UL 817. Leading major retailers appear to offer only
UL-listed or similarly certified electrical products. Retailers'
specifications may encourage many suppliers to offer only UL-conforming
cord sets. Staff's review of retail store offerings and online catalogs
and directories revealed two sellers of unlisted extension cords.
Direct data on shipments of conforming versus nonconforming
extension cords are not available; however, an approximation of likely
UL 817 conformance can be made based on the following points:
Staff's review of online catalogs and directories revealed
20 to 25 major national brands of extension cords; such products are
likely to represent a majority of all units sold for household use. All
of these major brands are advertised to be UL-, ETL-, or CSA-listed.
CPSC staff has identified only two domestic producers of cord sets that
may not conform to UL 817 and has not identified any importers or other
domestic manufacturers of unlisted cord sets.
Major retailers appear to offer only products that conform
to the UL standard; these retailers and their online affiliates account
for an unknown but large proportion of extension cord sales.
Available CPSC data on recalls and import violations
suggest a very low incidence of defects and nonconformance, in the
range of a few percent. A low number of violations is an indicator that
conformance to the UL standard is likely very high. CPSC staff
estimates that more than 90 percent of extension cords sold to
consumers conform.
III. Description of the Proposed Rule
The proposed rule would add two new paragraphs in part 1120.
Proposed Sec. 1120.2(e) would define an ``extension cord,'' also known
as a ``cord set,'' as a length of factory-assembled flexible cord with
an attachment plug or current tap as a line fitting and with a cord
connector as a load fitting. Extension cords are used for extending a
branch circuit supply of an electrical outlet to the power-supply cord
of a portable appliance, in accordance with the National Electrical
Code.[supreg] As defined in the proposed rule, the term applies to
extension cords that are equipped with National Electrical Manufacturer
Association (NEMA) 1-15, 5-15 and 5-20 fittings, and that are intended
for indoor use only, or for both indoor and outdoor use. The term
``extension cord'' does not include detachable power supply cords,
appliance cords, power strips and taps, and adaptor cords supplied with
outdoor tools and yard equipment.
This definition is adapted from descriptions of extension cords
defined in section 1 of UL 817. We intend to include within the scope
of the proposed rule, indoor and outdoor general-use extension cords
that can be used with many different types of electrical appliances.
All in-scope
[[Page 5711]]
products are covered by UL 817. Excluded from the definition are
detachable power supply and appliance cords with non-NEMA fittings and
adaptor cords supplied with outdoor tools and yard equipment because
these are specific-purpose cords, rather than general-use cords. The
products that would not be covered by proposed rule are not subject to
UL 817, or they do not present the same risks of injury.
Proposed Sec. 1120.3(d)(1) states that extension cords that lack
the identified characteristics in accordance with the requirements
specified in the relevant sections of UL 817 (sections 2, 9, 16, 19,
20, 21, 26, 30, 31, 32, 84, and 105) of UL 817 are deemed substantial
product hazards under section 15(a)(2) of the CPSA:
(i) Minimum wire size requirements in sections 2, 20, 21, 30, and
31 of UL 817;
(ii) Sufficient strain relief requirements in sections 20, 30, and
84 of UL 817;
(iii) Proper polarization requirements in sections 9, 19, 20, 30,
31, and 32 of UL 817;
(iv) Proper continuity requirements in sections 16, 20, 30, and 105
of UL 817;
(v) Outlet cover requirement (for indoor 2-wire parallel extension
cords with polarized parallel-blade and -slot fittings) in sections 20
and 26 of UL 817; or
(vi) Jacketed insulated cord requirement (for outdoor use extension
cords) in section 30 of UL 817.
These characteristics and the UL 817 requirements are explained in
more detail in sections I.B.2 (Table 2) and II.A of this preamble.
IV. Effect of the Proposed 15(j) Rule
Section 15(j) of the CPSA allows the Commission to issue a rule
specifying that a consumer product or class of consumer products has
characteristics whose presence or absence creates a substantial product
hazard. Such a rule would not be a consumer product safety rule, and
thus, would not trigger the statutory requirements of a consumer
product safety rule. For example, a rule under section 15(j) of the
CPSA does not trigger the testing or certification requirements under
section 14(a) of the CPSA.
Although a rule issued under section 15(j) of the CPSA is not a
consumer product safety rule, placing a consumer product on the
substantial product hazard list in 16 CFR part 1120 would have certain
ramifications. A product that is or has a substantial product hazard is
subject to the reporting requirements of section 15(b) of the CPSA, 15
U.S.C. 2064(b). A manufacturer, importer, distributor, or retailer that
fails to report a substantial product hazard to the Commission is
subject to civil penalties under section 20 of the CPSA, 15 U.S.C.
2069, and is possibly subject to criminal penalties under section 21 of
the CPSA, 15 U.S.C. 2070.
A product that is or contains a substantial product hazard also is
subject to corrective action under sections 15(c) and (d) of the CPSA,
15 U.S.C. 2064(c) and (d). Thus, if the Commission issues a final rule
under section 15(j) for extension cords, the Commission could order the
manufacturer, importer, distributor, or retailer of extension cords
that do not contain one or more of the identified readily observable
characteristics to offer to repair or replace the product or to refund
the purchase price to the consumer.
A product that is offered for import into the United States and is
or contains a substantial product hazard shall be refused admission
into the United States under section 17(a) of the CPSA, 15 U.S.C.
2066(a). Additionally, CBP has the authority to seize certain products
offered for import under the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1595a)
(Tariff Act), and to assess civil penalties that CBP, by law, is
authorized to impose. Section 1595a(c)(2)(A) of the Tariff Act states
that CBP may seize merchandise, and such merchandise may be forfeited
if: ``its importation or entry is subject to any restriction or
prohibition which is imposed by law relating to health, safety, or
conservation and the merchandise is not in compliance with the
applicable rule, regulation, or statute.'' Thus, if the proposed rule
is finalized, extension cords that violate the rule are subject to CBP
seizure and forfeiture.
V. Regulatory Flexibility Act Analysis
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) requires that proposed rules
be reviewed for the potential economic impact on small entities,
including small businesses. 5 U.S.C. 601-612. Section 603 of the RFA
requires agencies to prepare and make available for public comment an
Initial Regulatory Flexibility Analysis (IRFA), describing the impact
of the proposed rule on small entities and identifying impact-reducing
alternatives. The requirement to prepare an IRFA does not apply if the
agency certifies that the rulemaking will not have a significant
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. Id. 605.
Because the Commission expects that the economic effect on all entities
will be minimal, the Commission certifies that the proposed rule will
not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small
entities.
Small Entities to Which the Proposed Rule Would Apply
ITC statistics indicate that about 11,000 companies are involved in
import trade of products covered under an aggregate HTS code
8544.42.9000 that includes extension cords. The category includes
imports of communications cables and many other electrical products and
components and counts shipping companies, as well as product sellers.
An unknown percentage of these 11,000 firms import items that would be
within the scope of the proposed rule on extension cords. The
proportion may be small; however, even if only 10 percent were subject
to the proposed rule, the number of firms would still be substantial at
more than 1,000. The latest available (2011) Census of Manufacturers
data from the U.S. Department of Commerce indicate that there are about
400 domestic producers of miscellaneous electrical equipment, including
flexible cord and cord sets (North American Industry Classification
System (NAICS) code 335999). Based on contacts with industry
representatives and a review of online listings, CPSC staff has
identified only four firms that manufacture consumer-market extension
cords in the United States. Three of these four companies appear to be
small businesses.
CPSC staff has identified about 20 to 25 leading importers and one
large U.S. manufacturer of extension cords. Some of the leading
importers are large general merchandise or building material retailers
with their own branded cord sets. Other firms among the top 20 to 25
importers are national brand owners who specialize in wire/cable and
related electrical products; these firms are not as large as the major
retailers, but would not be considered small under U.S. Small Business
Administration (SBA) size standards. Most of the remaining firms are
likely small businesses. The total number of small firms is unknown,
but may be in the hundreds or even a thousand.
Manufacturers and importers of extension cords typically also
market various kinds of electrical or other household products. CPSC
staff has identified no companies that market only extension cords.
Some smaller importers may not consistently market the same brands of
cord sets or import from the same supply sources from year to year.
[[Page 5712]]
Potential Impact of the Proposed Rule
A proposed rule designating extension cords that do not conform to
any one of the five specified provisions of UL 817 as a substantial
product hazard will not likely have a significant impact on a
substantial number of small businesses or other small entities. This
conclusion is based on the following evidence:
CPSC staff estimates that a very high percentage, probably
in excess of 90 percent, of extension cords already conform to UL 817.
CPSC staff's examination of products sold by physical and online
retailers identified only two sellers of products that did not carry a
certification mark or label from one of the three certifying
organizations. Manufacturers, importers, distributors, and retailers
that market only conforming products would not experience any impacts
under the proposed rule. Thus, a substantial majority of firms,
including small firms, would be unaffected by the proposed rule and
would probably experience zero economic impact.
To the extent that small importers may market
nonconforming cord sets, such firms may market other flexible cord or
related products as well. CPSC staff is aware of no firms whose
revenues are dependent solely on extension cords. Small importers could
either discontinue marketing nonconforming extension cords, or these
importers could acquire conforming products. Conforming cord sets are
readily available at similar prices, so small importers' incomes would
not be significantly affected by the proposed rule, if the firms chose
to acquire conforming products. Moreover, product lines should not be
significantly curtailed if the firms ceased marketing extension cords
altogether. It is unknown whether or how the two small, domestic
manufacturers of cord sets that may not conform would be impacted by
the proposed rule.
The proposed rule reflects the existing practice of the
CPSC's Office of Compliance and Field Operations to designate extension
cords that use undersized wiring, have insufficient strain relief, or
lack polarized plugs, electrical continuity, outlet covers, or cord
jackets, as substantial product hazards. CPSC staff would continue to
seek recalls or other enforcement actions for such products, regardless
of the rule's existence.
VI. Environmental Considerations
Generally, the Commission's regulations are considered to have
little or no potential for affecting the human environment, and
environmental assessments and impact statements are not usually
required. See 16 CFR 1021.5(a). The proposed rule to deem extension
cords that do not contain one or more of the identified readily
observable characteristics to be a substantial product hazard is not
expected to have an adverse impact on the environment and is considered
to fall within the ``categorical exclusion'' for the purposes of the
National Environmental Policy Act. 16 CFR 1021.5(c).
VII. Paperwork Reduction Act
The proposed rule does not require anyone to create, maintain, or
disclose information. Thus, no paperwork burden is associated with the
proposed rule, and the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501-
3520) does not apply.
VIII. Preemption
The proposed rule under section 15(j) of the CPSA would not
establish a consumer product safety rule. Accordingly, the preemption
provisions in section 26(a) of the CPSA, 15 U.S.C. 2075(a), would not
apply to this rule.
IX. Effective Date
The Administrative Procedure Act (APA) generally requires that the
effective date of a rule be at least 30 days after publication of a
final rule. 5 U.S.C. 553(d). The Commission proposes that any extension
cord that does not conform to the specified sections of UL 817
regarding minimum wire size, sufficient strain relief, proper
polarization, proper continuity, outlet covers (indoor extension
cords), and jacketed insulated cord (outdoor extension cords), be
deemed a substantial product hazard effective 30 days after publication
of a final rule in the Federal Register. After that date, all extension
cords that are subject to, but do not comply with, UL 817 regarding the
identified readily observable characteristics, will be deemed to be a
substantial product hazard.
The Commission believes that a 30-day effective date is appropriate
because substantial conformance exists and because there is
longstanding knowledge among importers and manufacturers about the
requirements in UL 817. The Office of Compliance sent a letter dated
January 9, 2015, to manufacturers, importers, distributors, and
retailers of extension cords, informing them that the Office of
Compliance considers products that do not conform to UL 817, regarding
minimum wire size, sufficient strain relief, proper polarization,
proper continuity, covers for outlets (indoor use), and jacketed cords
(outdoor), to be defective and present a substantial product hazard.
Accordingly, relevant stakeholders are on notice of the requirements of
UL 817. Moreover, importers likely will have ample time and opportunity
to acquire conforming products, if necessary, from suppliers within
normal business cycles before a final rule is promulgated. Based on the
available information, the Commission concludes that a 30-day effective
date would not likely result in significant impacts on industry or
disrupt the supply of conforming products.
X. Incorporation by Reference
The Commission proposes to incorporate by reference certain
provisions of UL 817. The Office of the Federal Register (OFR) has
regulations concerning incorporation by reference. 1 CFR part 51. The
OFR recently revised these regulations to require that, for a proposed
rule, agencies must discuss in the preamble of the NPR ways that the
materials the agency proposes to incorporate by reference are
reasonably available to interested persons or how the agency worked to
make the materials reasonably available. In addition, the preamble of
the proposed rule must summarize the material. 1 CFR 51.5(a).
In accordance with the OFR's requirements, section I.B.2. of this
preamble summarizes the provisions of UL 817 that the Commission
proposes to incorporate by reference. Interested persons may purchase a
copy of UL 817 from UL, Inc. at 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL
60062. The standard is also available for purchase from UL's Web site
at http://ulstandards.ul.com/access-standards/. One may also inspect a
copy at CPSC's Office of the Secretary, U.S. Consumer Product Safety
Commission, Room 820, 4330 East West Highway, Bethesda, MD 20814,
telephone 301-504-7923.
XI. Request for Comments
The Commission invites interested persons to submit their comments
to the Commission on any aspect of the proposed rule. Comments should
be submitted as provided in the instructions in the ADDRESSES section
at the beginning of this notice.
List of Subjects in 16 CFR Part 1120
Administrative practice and procedure, Clothing, Consumer
protection, Cord sets, Extension cords, Household appliances, Lighting,
Infants and children, Imports, Incorporation by reference.
[[Page 5713]]
For the reasons stated above, and under the authority of 15 U.S.C.
2064(j), 5 U.S.C. 553, and section 3 of Public Law 110-314, 122 Stat.
3016 (August 14, 2008), the Consumer Product Safety Commission proposes
to amend 16 CFR part 1120 as follows:
PART 1120--SUBSTANTIAL PRODUCT HAZARD LIST
0
1. The authority citation for part 1120 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 15 U.S.C. 2064(j).
0
2. In Sec. 1120.2, add paragraph (e) to read as follows:
Sec. 1120.2 Definitions.
* * * * *
(e) Extension cord (also known as a cord set) means a length of
factory-assembled flexible cord with an attachment plug or current tap
as a line fitting and with a cord connector as a load fitting.
Extension cords are used for extending a branch circuit supply of an
electrical outlet to the power-supply cord of a portable appliance, in
accordance with the National Electrical Code.[supreg] For purposes of
this rule, the term applies to extension cords that are equipped with
National Electrical Manufacturer Association (NEMA) 1-15, 5-15 and 5-20
fittings, and that are intended for indoor use only, or for both indoor
and outdoor use. The term ``extension cord'' does not include
detachable power supply cords, appliance cords, power strips and taps,
and adaptor cords supplied with outdoor tools and yard equipment.
0
3. In Sec. 1120.3, add paragraph (d) to read as follows:
Sec. 1120.3 Products deemed to be substantial product hazards.
* * * * *
(d)(1) Extension cords that lack one or more of the following
specified characteristics in conformance with requirements in sections
2, 9, 16, 19, 20, 21, 26, 30, 31, 32, 84, and 105 of Underwriters
Laboratories (UL) Standard for Cord Sets and Power-Supply Cords, UL
817, 11th Edition, dated March 16, 2001, revised February 3, 2014 (UL
817):
(i) Minimum wire size requirement in sections 2, 20, 21, 30, and 31
of UL 817;
(ii) Sufficient strain relief requirement in sections 20, 30, and
84 of UL 817;
(iii) Proper polarization requirement in sections 9, 19, 20, 30,
31, and 32 of UL 817;
(iv) Proper continuity requirement in sections 16, 20, 30, and 105
of UL 817;
(v) Outlet cover requirement (for indoor 2-wire parallel extension
cords with polarized parallel-blade and -slot fittings) in sections 20
and 26 of UL 817; or
(vi) Jacketed insulated cord requirement (for outdoor use extension
cords) in section 30 of UL 817.
(2) The Director of the Federal Register approves the
incorporations by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1
CFR part 51. You may obtain a copy from UL, Inc., 333 Pfingsten Road,
Northbrook, IL 60062. You may inspect a copy at the Office of the
Secretary, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Room 820, 4330 East
West Highway, Bethesda, MD 20814, telephone 301-504-7923, or at the
National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on
the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to:
http://www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html.
Alberta E. Mills,
Acting Secretary, Consumer Product Safety Commission.
[FR Doc. 2015-02021 Filed 2-2-15; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6355-01-P