[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 108 (Monday, June 6, 2016)]
[Notices]
[Pages 36284-36288]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2016-13251]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
[Case No. WH-003]
Notice of Petition for Waiver of Thermal Solutions Products, LLC
From the Department of Energy Commercial Water Heater Test Procedure
AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Notice of Petition for Waiver and Request for Public Comments.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: This notice announces receipt of and publishes a petition for
waiver from Thermal Solutions Products, LLC (Thermal Solutions) seeking
an exemption from specified provisions applicable to standby loss of
the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) test
[[Page 36285]]
procedure for commercial water heating equipment. The waiver request
pertains to Thermal Solutions' specified models of commercial
instantaneous water heaters containing 10 gallons or more of water. In
its petition, Thermal Solutions contends that its specified water
heater models that employ tube-type heat exchangers and are designed to
be flow activated cannot be accurately tested using the currently
applicable DOE test procedure. Consequently, Thermal Solutions seeks to
use an alternate test procedure to address certain issues involved in
testing the specific basic models identified in its petition. DOE
solicits comments, data, and information concerning Thermal Solutions'
petition and its suggested alternate test procedure.
DATES: DOE will accept comments, data, and information with respect to
the Thermal Solutions Petition until July 6, 2016.
ADDRESSES: You may submit comments, identified by case number WH-003,
by any of the following methods:
Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov.
Follow the instructions for submitting comments.
Email: [email protected] Include the case
number [Case No. WH-003] in the subject line of the message. Submit
electronic comments in WordPerfect, Microsoft Word, PDF, or ASCII file
format, and avoid the use of special characters or any form of
encryption.
Postal Mail: Ms. Brenda Edwards, U.S. Department of
Energy, Building Technologies Office, Mailstop EE-5B, Petition for
Waiver Case No. WH-003, 1000 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC
20585-0121. Telephone: (202) 586-2945. If possible, please submit all
items on a compact disc (CD), in which case it is not necessary to
include printed copies.
Hand Delivery/Courier: Ms. Brenda Edwards, U.S. Department
of Energy, Building Technologies Office, 950 L'Enfant Plaza SW., Suite
600, Washington, DC 20024. If possible, please submit all items on a
CD, in which case it is not necessary to include printed copies.
Docket: The docket, which includes Federal Register notices,
comments, and other supporting documents/materials, is available for
review at www.regulations.gov. All documents in the docket are listed
in the www.regulations.gov index. However, some documents listed in the
index, such as those containing information that is exempt from public
disclosure, may not be publicly available.
For further information on how to submit a comment, or review other
public comments and the docket, contact Ms. Brenda Edwards at (202)
586-2945 or by email: [email protected].
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. Bryan Berringer, U.S. Department
of Energy, Building Technologies Office, Mail Stop EE-5B, 1000
Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20585-0121. Telephone: (202)
586-0371. Email: [email protected].
Mr. Eric Stas, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the General
Counsel, GC-33, 1000 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20585-
0121. Telephone: (202) 586-9507. Email: [email protected].
For information on how to submit or review public comments, contact
Ms. Brenda Edwards, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Office, Mailstop
EE-5B, 1000 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20585-0121.
Telephone: (202) 586-2945. Email: [email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Background and Authority
Title III, Part C \1\ of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of
1975 (EPCA), Public Law 94-163 (42 U.S.C. 6311-6317, as codified),
added by Public Law 95-619, established the Energy Conservation Program
for Certain Industrial Equipment, which includes commercial water
heaters, the focus of this notice.\2\ Part C specifically includes
definitions (42 U.S.C. 6311), energy conservation standards (42 U.S.C
6313), test procedures (42 U.S.C. 6314), labeling provisions (42 U.S.C.
6315), and the authority to require information and reports from
manufacturers. (42 U.S.C. 6316) With respect to test procedures, Part C
authorizes the Secretary of Energy (the Secretary) to prescribe test
procedures that are reasonably designed to produce results that measure
energy efficiency, energy use, and estimated annual operating costs
during a representative average-use cycle, and that are not unduly
burdensome to conduct. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2)) EPCA also directs DOE to
consider amending the existing test procedure for each type of
equipment listed each time the industry test procedure is amended for
such equipment. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(4)) The test procedure for
commercial water heaters is contained in the Code of Federal
Regulations (CFR) at 10 CFR part 431, subpart G.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ For editorial reasons, upon codification in the U.S. Code,
Part C was re-designated Part A-1.
\2\ All references to EPCA in this document refer to the statute
as amended through the Energy Efficiency Improvement Act of 2015
(EEIA 2015), Public Law 114-11 (April 30, 2015).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE's regulations set forth at 10 CFR 431.401 contain provisions
that permit a person to seek a waiver from the test procedure
requirements for covered equipment if at least one of the following
conditions is met: (1) The basic model contains one or more design
characteristics that prevent testing according to the prescribed test
procedures; or (2) the prescribed test procedures may evaluate the
basic model in a manner so unrepresentative of its true energy
consumption as to provide materially inaccurate comparative data. 10
CFR 431.401(a)(1). A petitioner must include in its petition any
alternate test procedures known to the petitioner to evaluate the basic
model in a manner representative of its energy consumption. 10 CFR
431.401(b)(1)(iii). DOE may grant a waiver subject to conditions,
including adherence to alternate test procedures. 10 CFR 431.401(f)(2).
As soon as practicable after the granting of any waiver, DOE will
publish in the Federal Register a notice of proposed rulemaking to
amend its regulations so as to eliminate any need for the continuation
of such waiver. As soon thereafter as practicable, DOE will publish in
the Federal Register a final rule. 10 CFR 431.401(l).
II. Petition for Waiver of Test Procedure
On March 9, 2015, Thermal Solutions filed a petition for waiver
from the DOE test procedure at 10 CFR 431.106 to measure standby loss
of commercial water heating equipment. This petition addresses Thermal
Solutions' specified models of commercial instantaneous water heaters
containing 10 gallons or more of water. The current DOE efficiency test
procedure for commercial water heaters incorporates by reference the
relevant industry test standard for measuring thermal efficiency and
standby loss, as specified in American National Standards Institute
(ANSI) ANSI Z21.10.3-2011, Gas-Fired Water Heaters, Volume III, Storage
Water Heaters, With Input Ratings Above 75,000 Btu Per Hour,
Circulating and Instantaneous. In its petition, Thermal Solutions
contends that its identified basic models rely on flow of water through
the heater to activate the burner, but because the current DOE test
procedure does not take into account such units, it does not provide a
proper representation of the standby loss of these models. The current
standby loss test procedure is designed to test tank-type water heaters
which are thermostatically operated. The models
[[Page 36286]]
for which Thermal Solutions is seeking this test procedure waiver
employ tube-type heat exchangers and are designed to be flow activated.
To address the apparent shortcomings of ANSI Z21.10.3-2011, Thermal
Solutions has submitted to DOE an alternate test procedure for
measuring the standby loss of tube-type instantaneous water heaters, as
addressed in sections 5.26, 5.27 and E.3 of ANSI Z21.10.3-2013, Gas-
Fired Water Heaters, Volume III, Storage Water Heaters, With Input
Ratings Above 75,000 Btu Per Hour, Circulating and Instantaneous.
Thermal Solutions believes this alternative provides a representative
measure of the standby loss of these models.
III. Alternate Test Procedure
EPCA requires that manufacturers use DOE test procedures when
making representations about the energy consumption and energy
consumption costs of products and equipment covered by the statute. (42
U.S.C. 6293(c); 6314(d)) Consistent representations about the energy
efficiency of covered products and equipment are important for
consumers evaluating products when making purchasing decisions and for
manufacturers to demonstrate compliance with applicable DOE energy
conservation standards. Pursuant to its regulations applicable to
waivers and interim waivers from applicable test procedures at 10 CFR
431.401, DOE will consider setting an alternate test procedure for
Thermal Solutions in a subsequent Decision and Order.
Thermal Solutions has submitted to DOE an alternate test procedure
for measuring the standby loss of tube-type instantaneous water heaters
as addressed in ANSI Z21.10.3-2013 sections 5.26, 5.27, and E.3.
Specifically, Thermal Solutions has submitted the following alternate
test procedure to accurately represent the standby loss of its
commercial instantaneous water heaters containing 10 gallons or more of
water:
Note: The following alternate test procedure is presented in
the context of proposed changes to the referenced portions of ANSI
Z21.10.3-2013.
5.26 Capacities of Storage Vessels
For a water heater including a storage vessel, or any water heater
having an input rating of less than 4000 Btu/hr per gallon (1112 kJ/L)
of capacity, the storage capacity shall be within 5.0
percent of the manufacturer's rated volume.
Method of Test
The storage capacity shall be determined by weighing the system
when dry and empty and reweighing it when full or by filling the system
with water, the weight of which has been predetermined. The capacity
shall then be computed in gallons and compared with the manufacturer's
rated volume.
5.27 Capacities of Tube Type Water Heaters
The amount of water contained in a tube type water heater or in a
water heater which has not been tested under 5.26 shall be determined
if it is 10 gallons or more.
Method of Test
The volume of water contained within the water heater shall be
determined. This determination shall include all water contained within
the unit from the inlet connection to the outlet connection but not the
capacity of any separate storage vessels. The volume of water contained
within the water heater shall then be computed in gallons.
Note: The following proposed wording would be added to Annex E:
Efficiency Test Procedures of ANSI Z21.10.3-2013.
Standby Loss for tank type water heaters shall be determined
using Appendix E.2
Standby Loss for tube type water heaters that contain 10 or more
gallons within the water heater, as determined under 5.27, shall be
determined using Appendix E.3
E.3 Method of Test for Measuring Standby Loss for Tube Type
Instantaneous Water Heaters With 10 or Greater Gallons of Storage
The appliance shall be installed as specified in E.1, Method of
Test for Measuring Thermal Efficiency. This test may be conducted
immediately following the thermal efficiency test. In this case,
start the test after the main burner(s) has shut down and, if
applicable, the water pump has shut down. Otherwise the water heater
shall be put into operation under the same test conditions specified
in E.1 and the outlet water temperature shall be adjusted by varying
the rate of flow until temperature is constant at 70 2
[deg]F (21 1[deg]C) above the supply temperature. After
the outlet temperatures becomes constant, as indicated by no
variation in excess of 2 [deg]F (1 [deg]C) over a 3 minute period,
shut down the main burner(s) and, if applicable, wait for the water
pump to shut down, and then start the test.
At the start of the test, record the time, ambient temperature,
outlet water temperature, supply water temperature and begin
measuring the fuel and electric consumption.
During the first hour, outlet water temperature, supply water
temperature and the ambient air temperature shall be measured at the
end of each 5 minute interval. For the remainder of the test, these
measurements shall be made at the end of every 15 minute interval.
The duration of this test shall be 24 hours. If the main burner is
firing at 24 hours, continue the test until the main burner and the
water pump, if applicable, have shut down.
Immediately after the conclusion of the test, record the total
fuel flow and electrical energy consumption, the final ambient air
temperature and the final outlet water temperature.
Calculate the average of the ambient air temperatures and the
supply water temperatures taken at the end of each time interval,
including the initial and final values.
The average hourly standby loss, S, rounded to the nearest Btu
per hour, shall be determined by the formula:
S = [(Cs(Qs)(H) + Ec)/t]-[([Delta]T4)/
([Delta]T3)(t)Et ]
Where:
Cs = correction applied to the heating value of a gas H, when it is
metered at temperature and/or pressure conditions other than the
standard conditions for which the value of H is based;
H = higher heating value of gas, Btu per cu. ft. (MJ/m3);
Qs = total fuel flow as metered, cu. ft. (m3);
[Delta]T3 = difference between the outlet temperature and
the average value of the ambient air temperature, [deg]F ([deg]C);
[Delta]T4 = difference between the average supply water
temperature and the outlet temperature, [deg]F ([deg]C);
t = duration of test, hrs.;
Ec = electrical energy consumption expressed in Btu (kJ); and
Et = thermal efficiency as determined under E.1, Method of Test for
Measuring Thermal Efficiency
If the main burner(s) does not cycle on during this test, the
hourly average standby loss calculation simplifies to:
S = {(K(Va)([Delta]T4)/Et) + Ec
{time} /t
For water heaters that will not initiate or cause actions that
will initiate burner operation, the following simplified procedure
may be used to measure the hourly standby loss.
This test may be conducted immediately following the thermal
efficiency test. In this case, start the test after the main
burner(s) has shut down and, if applicable, the water pump has shut
down. Otherwise, provide the electrical connection as specified in
E.1, Method of Test for Measuring Thermal Efficiency, and start the
test.
At the start of the test, record the time and begin measuring
the electric consumption for one hour. Record the duration of the
test and the total electrical consumption during the test.
The average hourly standby loss, S, rounded to the nearest Btu
per hour, shall be determined by the formula:
S = [((([Delta]T5) k Va/(Et))/24)
+Ec]
Where:
[Delta]T5 = 70 [deg]F (38.9 [deg]C), difference between
the supply and outlet water temperatures;
k= 8.25 Btu/gallon [deg]F (4147.6331 J/l[deg]C), the nominal
specific heat of water;
Va = water contained in the water heater expressed in
gallons (L), as determined
[[Page 36287]]
under 5.27;
Ec = electrical energy consumption expressed in Btu (kJ); and
Et = thermal efficiency as determined under E.1, Method of Test for
Measuring Thermal Efficiency.
The following basic models are included in Thermal Solutions'
petition:
EV(A,S,O)0750W**-*A*
EV(A,S,O)1000W**-*A*
EV(A,S,O)1500W**-*A*
EV(A,S,O)2000W**-*A*
IV. Summary and Request for Comments
Through this notice, DOE announces receipt of and is publishing
Thermal Solutions' petition for waiver from the DOE test procedure for
commercial water heaters for its EV(A,S,O)0750W**-*A*,
EV(A,S,O)1000W**-*A*, EV(A,S,O)1500W**-*A*, and EV(A,S,O)2000W**-*A*
commercial instantaneous water heater models, which contain 10 gallons
or more of water. The petition contains no confidential information.
The petition includes a suggested alternate test procedure to determine
the thermal efficiency and standby loss of Thermal Solutions' specified
basic models of commercial instantaneous water heaters containing 10
gallons or more of water. DOE is considering including this alternate
test procedure in its subsequent Decision and Order.
DOE solicits comments from interested parties on all aspects of the
petition, including the suggested alternate test procedure and
calculation methodology. Pursuant to 10 CFR 431.401(d), any person
submitting written comments to DOE must also send a copy of such
comments to the petitioner. The contact information for the petitioner
is: Mr. Randy Witmer, Engineering Manager, Thermal Solutions Products,
LLC, P.O. Box 3244, Lancaster, PA 17604-3244. All submissions received
must include the agency name and case number for this proceeding.
Submit electronic comments in WordPerfect, Microsoft Word, Portable
Document Format (PDF), or text (American Standard Code for Information
Interchange (ASCII)) file format and avoid the use of special
characters or any form of encryption. Wherever possible, include the
electronic signature of the author. DOE does not accept telefacsimiles
(faxes).
Pursuant to 10 CFR 1004.11, any person submitting information that
he or she believes to be confidential and exempt by law from public
disclosure should submit two copies: one copy of the document marked
``confidential'' with all of the information believed to be
confidential included, and one copy of the document marked ``non-
confidential'' with all of the information believed to be confidential
deleted. DOE will make its own determination about the confidential
status of the information and treat it according to its determination.
Issued in Washington, DC, on May 31, 2016.
Kathleen B. Hogan,
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency, Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy.
March 9, 2015
U.S. Department of Energy
Building Technologies Program
Test Procedure Waiver
1000 Independence Avenue SW.
Washington, DC 20585-0121
Re: Waiver for Test Procedure for Commercial Water Heating Equipment
To Whom It May Concern:
Pursuant to the provisions of 10 CFR 431.401, Thermal Solutions
Products, LLC is hereby applying for a waiver of the standby loss
test procedure of 10 CFR 431.106 for the following basic models of
commercial instantaneous water heaters containing 10 gallons or more
of water (sold under the Thermal Solutions brand name):
EV(A,S,O)0750W**-*A*
EV(A,S,O)1000W**-*A*
EV(A,S,O)1500W**-*A*
EV(A,S,O)2000W**-*A*
The current Department of Energy efficiency test procedure for
commercial water heaters references the relevant test procedures for
measuring thermal efficiency and standby loss specified in the
standard, ANSI Z21.10.3-2011. The identified basic models rely on
flow of water through the heater to activate the burner. As will be
explained below, the current test procedure does not provide a
proper representation of the standby loss of these models.
The current standby loss test procedure is described in Exhibit
G.2 of ANSI Z21.10.3-2011. This procedure is designed to test tank-
type water heaters which are thermostatically operated. The basic
steps of the procedure are to heat the water within the water
heater, turn off the burner or element and then measure all the
energy consumption that occurs while the water heater is ``standing
by'' for approximately 24 hours with no water being withdrawn from
it. The key measurement of the test procedure is the energy consumed
by the burner or heating element when the thermostat senses that the
water in the tank has cooled down to the point where it needs to be
reheated. The current test does not address water heaters that have
no means to activate the burner or heating element if no heated
water is being drawn from the unit, i.e. the standby condition.
The models for which Thermal Solutions Products, LLC is seeking
this test procedure waiver employ tube type heat exchangers and are
designed to be flow activated. That is, the burner does not turn on
until water flow through the unit is sensed. Under the current
standby loss test procedure, the burner on these models will not
fire at any time during the test, and the resulting standby loss
measurement would be nearly zero. That measurement is not
representative of the standby loss characteristics of these models.
Thermal Solutions Products, LLC believes that the current test
procedure evaluates the standby loss of the identified basic models
in a manner so unrepresentative of the true energy consumption as to
provide materially inaccurate comparative data.
A list of manufacturers of all other basic models marketed in
the United States known to Thermal Solutions Products, LLC to
incorporate similar design characteristics is included as Attachment
A.
An alternative procedure for measuring the standby loss of tube
type instantaneous water heaters is included as Attachment B. This
alternative procedure is presented as a proposed revision to the
ANSI Z21.10.3-2013 standard, with modified and additional wording to
address testing of these particular models. Thermal Solutions
Products, LLC believes this alternative provides a representative
measure of the standby loss of these models. Thermal Solutions
Products, LLC requests that DOE grant it a waiver to use this
alternative procedure in lieu of the standby loss procedure
specified in the current DOE efficiency test procedures for
commercial water heaters.
Respectfully submitted,
Randy Witmer
Engineering Manager
Thermal Solutions Products, LLC
Attachment A: Manufacturers of Commercial Tube Type Water Heaters
Containing 10 Gallons of Water or More
A.O. Smith Corporation
11270 W Park Place
PO Box 245008
Milwaukee, WI 53224-3623
HTP, Inc.
120 Braley Rd
P.O. Box 429
East Freetown, MA 02717-1125
Laars Heating Systems Company
20 Industrial Way
Rochester, NH 03867-4296
Lochinvar LLC
300 Maddox Simpson Pkwy
Lebanon, TN 37090-5366
Attachment B: Proposed Alternate Standby Loss Test Procedure for
Commercial Tube Type Water Heaters Containing 10 Gallons of Water or
More
Note: The following alternate test procedure is presented in the
context of proposed changes to the referenced portions of ANSI
Z21.10.3-2013.
5.26 Capacities Of Storage Vessels
For a water heater including a storage vessel, or any water
heater having an input rating of less than 4000 Btu/hr per gallon
(1112 kJ/L) of capacity, the storage capacity shall be within 5.0 percent of the manufacturer's rated volume.
Method of Test
The storage capacity shall be determined by weighing the system
when dry and empty and reweighing it when full or by filling the
system with water, the weight of which has
[[Page 36288]]
been predetermined. The capacity shall then be computed in gallons
and compared with the manufacturer's rated volume.
5.27 Capacities of Tube Type Water Heaters
The amount of water contained in a tube type water heater or in
a water heater which has not been tested under 5.26 shall be
determined if it is 10 gallons or more.
Method of Test
The volume of water contained within the water heater shall be
determined. This determination shall include all water contained
within the unit from the inlet connection to the outlet connection
but not the capacity of any separate storage vessels. The volume of
water contained within the water heater shall then be computed in
gallons.
Note: The following proposed wording would be added to Annex E:
Efficiency Test Procedures of ANSI Z21.10.3-2013.
Standby Loss for tank type water heaters shall be determined
using Appendix E.2.
Standby Loss for tube type water heaters that contain 10 or more
gallons within the water heater, as determined under 5.27, shall be
determined using Appendix E.3.
E.3 Method of Test for Measuring Standby Loss for Tube Type
Instantaneous Water Heaters With 10 or Greater Gallons of Storage
The appliance shall be installed as specified in E.1, Method of
Test for Measuring Thermal Efficiency. This test may be conducted
immediately following the thermal efficiency test. In this case,
start the test after the main burner(s) has shut down and, if
applicable, the water pump has shut down. Otherwise the water heater
shall be put into operation under the same test conditions specified
in E.1 and the outlet water temperature shall be adjusted by varying
the rate of flow until temperature is constant at 70 2
[deg]F (21 1[deg]C) above the supply temperature. After
the outlet temperatures becomes constant, as indicated by no
variation in excess of 2[emsp14][deg]F (1[deg]C) over a 3 minute
period, shut down the main burner(s) and, if applicable, wait for
the water pump to shut down, and then start the test.
At the start of the test, record the time, ambient temperature,
outlet water temperature, supply water temperature and begin
measuring the fuel and electric consumption.
During the first hour, outlet water temperature, supply water
temperature and the ambient air temperature shall be measured at the
end of each 5 minute interval. For the remainder of the test, these
measurements shall be made at the end of every 15 minute interval.
The duration of this test shall be 24 hours. If the main burner is
firing at 24 hours, continue the test until the main burner and the
water pump, if applicable, have shut down.
Immediately after the conclusion of the test, record the total
fuel flow and electrical energy consumption, the final ambient air
temperature and the final outlet water temperature.
Calculate the average of the ambient air temperatures and the
supply water temperatures taken at the end of each time interval,
including the initial and final values.
The average hourly standby loss, S, rounded to the nearest Btu
per hour, shall be determined by the formula:
S = [(Cs(Qs)(H) + Ec)/t]-[([Delta]T4)/
([Delta]T3)(t)Et]
Where
Cs = correction applied to the heating value of a gas H, when it is
metered at temperature and/or pressure conditions other than the
standard conditions for which the value of H is based;
H = higher heating value of gas, Btu per cu. ft. (MJ/m3);
Qs = total fuel flow as metered, cu. ft. (m3);
[Delta]T3 = difference between the outlet temperature and
the average value of the ambient air temperature, [deg]F ([deg]C);
[Delta]T4 = difference between the average supply water
temperature and the outlet temperature, [deg]F ([deg]C);
t = duration of test, hrs.;
Ec = electrical energy consumption expressed in Btu (kJ); and
Et = thermal efficiency as determined under E.1, Method of Test for
Measuring Thermal Efficiency
If the main burner(s) does not cycle on during this test, the hourly
average standby loss calculation simplifies to:
S = {(K(Va)([Delta]T4)/Et) + Ec
{time} /t
For water heaters that will not initiate or cause actions that
will initiate burner operation, the following simplified procedure
may be used to measure the hourly standby loss.
This test may be conducted immediately following the thermal
efficiency test. In this case, start the test after the main
burner(s) has shut down and, if applicable, the water pump has shut
down. Otherwise, provide the electrical connection as specified in
E.1, Method of Test for Measuring Thermal Efficiency, and start the
test.
At the start of the test, record the time and begin measuring
the electric consumption for one hour. Record the duration of the
test and the total electrical consumption during the test.
The average hourly standby loss, S, rounded to the nearest Btu
per hour, shall be determined by the formula:
S = [((([Delta]T5) k Va/(Et))/24)
+Ec]
Where:
[Delta]T5 = 70[emsp14][deg]F (38.9[deg]C), difference
between the supply and outlet water temperatures;
k= 8.25 Btu/gallon [deg]F (4147.6331 J/l[deg]C), the nominal
specific heat of water;
Va = water contained in the water heater expressed in
gallons (L), as determined under 5.27;
Ec = electrical energy consumption expressed in Btu (kJ); and
Et = thermal efficiency as determined under E.1, Method of Test for
Measuring Thermal Efficiency.
[FR Doc. 2016-13251 Filed 6-3-16; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6450-01-P