[Federal Register Volume 82, Number 150 (Monday, August 7, 2017)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 36858-36931]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2017-15464]
[[Page 36857]]
Vol. 82
Monday,
No. 150
August 7, 2017
Part II
Department of Energy
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10 CFR Parts 429 and 431
Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Dedicated-Purpose Pool
Pumps; Final Rule
Federal Register / Vol. 82 , No. 150 / Monday, August 7, 2017 / Rules
and Regulations
[[Page 36858]]
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DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
10 CFR Parts 429 and 431
[EERE-2016-BT-TP-0002]
RIN 1904-AD66
Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Dedicated-Purpose
Pool Pumps
AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: On September 20, 2016, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
issued a notice of proposed rulemaking (NOPR) to establish a new
metric, as well as new definitions, test procedures, certification
requirements, enforcement testing procedures, and labeling provisions
for dedicated-purpose pool pumps (DPPPs). That proposed rulemaking
serves as the basis for the final rule. Specifically, DOE is adopting a
test procedure for measuring the weighted energy factor (WEF) for
certain varieties of dedicated-purpose pool pumps. This final rule
incorporates by reference certain sections of the industry test
standard Hydraulic Institute (HI) 40.6-2014, ``Methods for Rotodynamic
Pump Efficiency Testing'' as the basis of the adopted test procedure.
The definitions, test procedures, certification requirements,
enforcement testing procedures, and labeling provisions are based on
the recommendations of the DPPP Working Group, which was established
under the Appliance Standards Rulemaking Federal Advisory Committee
(ASRAC).
DATES: The effective date of this rule is September 6, 2017. Compliance
with the final rule will be mandatory for representations of WEF and
other metrics addressed by the adopted test procedure made on or after
February 5, 2018. The incorporation by reference of certain
publications listed in this rule is approved by the Director of the
Federal Register on September 6, 2017.
ADDRESSES: The docket, which includes Federal Register notices, public
meeting attendee lists and transcripts, comments, and other supporting
documents/materials, is available for review at www.regulations.gov.
All documents in the docket are listed in the www.regulations.gov
index. However, some documents listed in the index, such as those
containing information that is exempt from public disclosure, may not
be publicly available.
A link to the docket Web page can be found at https://www.regulations.gov/docket?D=EERE-2016-BT-TP-0002. The docket Web page
will contain simple instructions on how to access all documents,
including public comments, in the docket.
For further information on how to review the docket, contact the
Appliance and Equipment Standards Program staff at (202) 586-6636 or by
email: [email protected].
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Ms. Ashley Armstrong, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Office, EE-5B,
1000 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20585-0121. Telephone:
(202) 586-6590. Email: [email protected].
Ms. Mary Greene, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the General
Counsel, GC-33, 1000 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20585-
0121. Telephone: (202) 586-1817. Email: [email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This final rule incorporates by reference
into 10 CFR parts 429 and 431 the following industry standards:
(1) Hydraulic Institute (HI) 40.6-2014, (``HI 40.6-2014-B'')
``Methods for Rotodynamic Pump Efficiency Testing,'' except for section
40.6.4.1, ``Vertically suspended pumps''; section 40.6.4.2,
``Submersible pumps''; section 40.6.5.3, ``Test report''; section
40.6.5.5, ``Test conditions''; section 40.6.5.5.2, ``Speed of rotation
during testing''; and section 40.6.6.1, ``Translation of test results
to rated speed of rotation''; and Appendix A, Testing arrangements
(normative): A.7, ``Testing at temperatures exceeding 30 [deg]C
(86[emsp14][deg]F)''; and Appendix B, ``Reporting of test results
(normative)''), copyright 2014.
Copies of HI 40.6-2014 can be obtained from: The Hydraulic
Institute at 6 Campus Drive, First Floor North, Parsippany, NJ 07054-
4406, (973) 267-9700, or by visiting www.pumps.org.
(2) Canadian Standards Association (CSA) C747-2009 (Reaffirmed
2014), ``Energy Efficiency Test Methods for Small Motors,'' CSA
reaffirmed 2014, section 1, ``Scope''; section 3, ``Definitions'';
section 5, ``General Test Requirements''; and section 6, ``Test
Method.''
Copies of CSA C747-2009 (RA 2014) can be obtained from: 5060
Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, L4W 5N6, Canada, (800)
463-6727, or by visiting www.csagroup.org.
(3) IEEE Std 113-1985, ``IEEE Guide: Test Procedures for Direct-
Current Machines,'' copyright 1985, section 3.1, ``Instrument Selection
Factors''; section 3.4 ``Power Measurement'': section 3.5 ``Power
Sources''; section 4.1.2 ``Ambient Air''; section 4.1.4 ``Direction of
Rotation''; section 5.4.1 ``Reference Conditions''; and section 5.4.3.2
``Dynomometer or Torquemeter Method.''
(4) IEEE Std 114-2010, ``IEEE Standard Test Procedure for Single-
Phase Induction Motors,'' approved September 30, 2010, section 3.2,
``Tests with load''; section 4 ``Testing facilities''; section 5.2
``Mechanical measurements''; section 5.3 ``Temperature measurements'';
and section 6 ``Tests.''
Copies of IEEE 113-1985 and IEEE 114-2010 and can be obtained from:
IEEE, 45 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, (732)
981-0060, or by visiting www.ieee.org.
(5) NSF International (NSF)/American National Standards Institute
(ANSI) Standard 50-2015, (``NSF/ANSI 50-2015''), ``Equipment for
Swimming Pools, Spas, Hot Tubs and Other Recreational Water
Facilities,'' Annex C, ``(normative) Test methods for the evaluation of
centrifugal pumps,'' section C.3, ``Self-priming capability,'' ANSI
approved January 26, 2015.
Copies of NSF/ANSI 50-2015 can be obtained from: NSF International,
789 N. Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, (743) 769-8010, or by
visiting www.nsf.org.
(6) UL 1081, (``ANSI/UL 1081-2016''), ``Standard for Swimming Pool
Pumps, Filters, and Chlorinators,'' 7th Edition, ANSI approved October
21, 2016.
Copies of ANSI/UL 1081-2016 can be obtained from: UL, 333 Pfingsten
Road, Northbrook, IL 60062, (847) 272-8800, or by visiting http://ul.com.
See section IV.N for additional information on these standards.
Table of Contents
I. Authority and Background
A. Authority
B. Background
II. Synopsis of the Final Rule
III. Discussion
A. General Comments
B. Definitions
1. Existing Pump Definitions
2. Definition of Dedicated-Purpose Pool Pump
3. Pool Filter Pumps
4. Other Varieties of Dedicated-Purpose Pool Pumps
5. Storable and Rigid Electric Spa Pumps
6. Applicability of Test Procedure Based on Pump Configuration
7. Definitions Related to Dedicated-Purpose Pool Pump Speed
Configurations and Controls
8. Basic Model
C. Rating Metric
D. Test Methods for Different DPPP Categories and Configurations
[[Page 36859]]
1. Self-Priming and Non-Self-Priming Pool Filter Pumps
2. Waterfall Pumps
3. Pressure Cleaner Booster Pumps
4. Summary
E. Determination of Pump Performance
1. Incorporation by Reference of HI 40.6-2014
2. Exceptions, Modifications and Additions to HI 40.6-2014
F. Representations of Test Metrics
1. Representations of Primary Efficiency Metrics
2. Definition of Representation
3. Impact on Voluntary and Other Regulatory Programs
4. Request for Extension
G. Additional Test Methods
1. Determination of DPPP Capacity
2. Determination of Self-Priming Capability
3. Determination of Maximum Head
H. Energy Factor Test Method
I. Labeling Requirements
J. Replacement DPPP Motors
K. Certification and Enforcement Provisions for Dedicated-
Purpose Pool Pumps
1. Sampling Plan
2. Certification Requirements
3. Enforcement Provisions
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
1. Review of DPPP Manufacturers
2. Burden of Conducting the DOE DPPP Test Procedure
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
D. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
H. Review Under the Treasury and General Government
Appropriations Act, 1999
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
J. Review Under Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration
Act of 1974
M. Congressional Notification
N. Description of Materials Incorporated by Reference
V. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
I. Authority and Background
Pumps are included in the list of ``covered equipment'' for which
the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is authorized to establish and
amend energy conservation standards (ECSs) and test procedures (TPs).
(42 U.S.C. 6311(1)(A)) Dedicated-purpose pool pumps (DPPPs), which are
the subject of this rulemaking, are a kind of pump for which DOE is
authorized to establish test procedures and energy conservation
standards. In 2016, DOE published in the Federal Register two final
rules establishing energy conservation standards and a test procedure
for commercial and industrial pumps. 81 FR 4368 (Jan. 26, 2016) and 81
FR 4086 (January 25, 2016), respectively. However, dedicated-purpose
pool pumps were specifically excluded from those final rules. Based on
recommendations of the industry and DOE's own analysis, DOE determined
that dedicated-purpose pool pumps have a unique application and
equipment characteristics that merit a separate analysis. As a result,
DOE initiated separate rulemakings to establish energy conservation
standards and test procedures for dedicated-purpose pool pumps. The
following sections discuss DOE's authority to establish test procedures
for dedicated-purpose pool pumps and relevant background information
regarding DOE's consideration of establishing Federal regulations for
this equipment.
A. Authority
Title III of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975, as
amended, (42 U.S.C. 6291, et seq.; ``EPCA'' or, ``the Act'') sets forth
a variety of provisions designed to improve energy efficiency.\1\ Part
C of Title III, which for editorial reasons was codified as Part A-1
upon incorporation into the U.S. Code (42 U.S.C. 6311-6317),
establishes the Energy Conservation Program for Certain Industrial
Equipment. ``Pumps'' are listed as a type of industrial equipment
covered by EPCA, although EPCA does not define the term ``pump.'' (42
U.S.C. 6311(1)(A)) DOE defined ``pump'' in a test procedure final rule
(January 2016 general pumps test procedure final rule) as equipment
designed to move liquids (which may include entrained gases, free
solids, and totally dissolved solids) by physical or mechanical action,
and includes a bare pump and, if included by the manufacturer at the
time of sale, mechanical equipment, driver, and controls. 81 FR 4086
(Jan. 25, 2016). Dedicated-purpose pool pumps, which are the subject of
this final rule, meet this definition of a pump and are covered under
the pump equipment type.
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\1\ All references to EPCA in this document refer to the statute
as amended through the Energy Efficiency Improvement Act of 2015,
Public Law 114-11 (Apr. 30, 2015).
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Under EPCA, the energy conservation program consists essentially of
four parts: (1) Testing, (2) labeling, (3) Federal energy conservation
standards, and (4) certification and enforcement procedures. The
testing requirements consist of test procedures that manufacturers of
covered products must use as the basis for (1) certifying to DOE that
their products comply with the applicable energy conservation standards
adopted under EPCA, and (2) making representations about the efficiency
of those products. Similarly, DOE must use these test procedures to
determine whether the products comply with any relevant standards
promulgated under EPCA.
Under 42 U.S.C. 6293, EPCA sets forth the criteria and procedures
DOE must follow when prescribing or amending test procedures for
covered products. EPCA provides that any test procedures prescribed or
amended under this section shall be reasonably designed to produce test
results that measure energy efficiency, energy use, or estimated annual
operating cost of a covered product during a representative average use
cycle or period of use and shall not be unduly burdensome to conduct.
(42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3))
In addition, if DOE determines that a test procedure amendment is
warranted, DOE must publish a proposed test procedure and offer the
public an opportunity to present oral and written comments on it. (42
U.S.C. 6293(b)(2)) Finally, in any rulemaking to amend a test
procedure, DOE must determine to what extent, if any, the proposed test
procedure would alter the measured energy efficiency of any covered
product as determined under the existing test procedure. (42 U.S.C.
6293(e)(1))
B. Background
Dedicated-purpose pool pumps are a style of pump for which DOE has
not yet established a test procedure. Although in 2016 DOE completed
final rules establishing energy conservation standards (81 FR 4368
(Jan. 26, 2016); January 2016 general pumps ECS final rule) and a test
procedure (81 FR 4086 (Jan. 25, 2016); January 2016 general pumps test
procedure final rule) for certain categories and configurations of
pumps, DOE declined in those rules to establish any requirements
applicable to dedicated-purpose pool pumps because of their different
equipment characteristics and applications. 81 FR 4086, 4094 (Jan. 25,
2016).
To begin a separate rulemaking for dedicated-purpose pool pumps, on
May 8, 2015, DOE issued a Request for Information (RFI), hereafter
referred to as the ``May 2015 DPPP RFI.'' The May 2015 DPPP RFI
presented information and requested public comment about any
definitions, metrics, test procedures, equipment characteristics, and
typical applications relevant to DPPP equipment. 80 FR 26475. Following
the publication of the May 2015 DPPP RFI, DOE began a process
[[Page 36860]]
through the Appliance Standards Rulemaking Federal Advisory Committee
(ASRAC) to discuss conducting a negotiated rulemaking to develop
standards and a test procedure for dedicated-purpose pool pumps as an
alternative to the traditional notice and comment route that DOE had
already begun. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008) On August 25, 2015,
DOE published a notice of intent to establish a negotiated rulemaking
working group for dedicated-purpose pool pumps (as previously defined,
the ``DPPP Working Group'') to negotiate, if possible, Federal
standards for the energy efficiency of dedicated-purpose pool pumps and
to announce the first public meeting. 80 FR 51483.
The DPPP Working Group met four times between September and
December 2015 \2\ and concluded its negotiations on December 8, 2015,
with a consensus vote to approve a term sheet containing
recommendations to DOE on scope, metric, and the basis of the test
procedure (``December 2015 DPPP Working Group recommendations'').\3\
The term sheet containing these recommendations is available in the
DPPP Working Group docket. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51)
ASRAC subsequently voted unanimously to approve the December 2015 DPPP
Working Group recommendations during a January 20, 2016, meeting.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 0052)
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\2\ Details of the negotiations sessions can be found in the
public meeting transcripts that are posted to the docket for the
DPPP Working Group (https://www.regulations.gov/docket?D=EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008).
\3\ The ground rules of the DPPP Working Group define consensus
as no more than three negative votes. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-0008-
0016 at p. 3) Concurrence was assumed absent overt dissent,
evidenced by a negative vote. Abstention was not construed as a
negative vote.
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The DPPP Working Group also requested, and was ultimately granted,
more time to discuss possible energy conservation standards for this
equipment. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-NOC-0005, No. 71 at pp. 20-52) The
meetings to discuss energy conservation standards commenced on March
21, 2016, (81 FR 10152, 10153) and concluded on June 23, 2016, with
approval of a second term sheet (June 2016 DPPP Working Group
recommendations). This term sheet contained Working Group
recommendations related to scope, definitions, energy conservation
standards, performance standards or design requirements for various
styles of pumps, applicable test procedure, and labeling for dedicated-
purpose pool pumps. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 82) The
definitions, DPPP test procedure, sampling provisions, enforcement
requirements, and labeling requirements contained in this final rule
reflect the recommendations of the DPPP Working Group contained in both
the December 2015 and June 2016 DPPP Working Group recommendations.
On September 20, 2016, DOE published a proposed test procedure
rulemaking for dedicated-purpose pool pumps (September 2016 DPPP test
procedure NOPR), which proposed to implement the recommendations of the
DPPP Working Group. 81 FR 64580. On September 26, 2016, DOE held a
public meeting to discuss and request comment on the September 2016
DPPP test procedure NOPR (September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR
public meeting).
The test procedure adopted in this final rule reflects certain
recommendations of the DPPP Working Group, as well as input from
interested parties received in response to the September 2016 DPPP test
procedure NOPR. Provisions of this final rule that are directly
pertinent to any of the approved DPPP Working Group recommendations are
specified with a citation to the December 2015 or June 2016 DPPP
Working Group recommendations and are noted with the recommendation
number (e.g., Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. #, Recommendation
#X at p. Y). Additionally, in developing the provisions of this final
rule, DOE also has referenced discussions from the DPPP Working Group
meetings regarding potential actions or comments that may not have been
formally approved as part of the DPPP Working Group recommendations.
These references to discussions or suggestions of the DPPP Working
Group not found in the DPPP Working Group recommendations will have a
citation to meeting transcripts and the commenter, if applicable (e.g.,
Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, [Organization], No. X at p. Y).
Finally, in this final rule, DOE responds to all comments received
from interested parties in response to the proposals presented in the
September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, either during the September
2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR public meeting or in subsequent written
comments. In response to the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR,
DOE received 11 written comments in addition to the verbal comments
made by interested parties during the September 2016 DPPP test
procedure NOPR public meeting. The commenters included: The Southern
California Gas Company (SCG), Southern California Edison (SCE), and San
Diego Gas and Electric Company (SDG&E), collectively referred to herein
as the California Investor-Owned Utilities (CA IOUs); a joint comment
by the Appliance Standards Awareness Project (ASAP) and the Natural
Resources Defense Council (NRDC); \4\ Pentair Aquatic Systems
(Pentair); Hayward Industries, Inc. (Hayward); Waterway; Davey Water
Products Pty Ltd. (Davey); the California Energy Commission (CEC); the
Association of Pool & Spa Professionals (APSP); Nidec Motor Corporation
(Nidec); Zodiac Pool Systems, Inc. (Zodiac); and the People's Republic
of China (China). DOE identifies comments received in response to the
September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR by the commenter, the number of
document as listed in the docket maintained at www.regulations.gov
(Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-TP-0002), and the page number of that document
where the comment appears (for example: Hayward, No. 4 at p. 1). If a
comment was made verbally during the September 2016 DPPP test procedure
NOPR public meeting, DOE will also specifically identify those as being
located in the NOPR public meeting transcript (for example: CA IOUs,
public meeting transcript, No. 3 at p. 66).
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\4\ ASAP was present at the September 2016 DPPP TP NOPR public
meeting. When ASAP commented at the public meeting, comments will be
indicated as ASAP. ASAP and NRDC submitted a joint written comment
and written comments will be indicated as ASAP and NRDC.
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Regarding comments, during the September 2016 DPPP test procedure
public meeting, Hayward inquired if it was appropriate to suggest any
modifications to previously negotiated language, if Hayward believed it
could be helpful. (Hayward, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 3 at p. 20)
DOE requested feedback on a number of items in the September 2016 DPPP
test procedure NOPR and welcomed comment from interested parties on any
of the proposals contained in the NOPR. DOE notes that DPPP Working
Group ground rules stipulate that each party, except individuals that
have previously voted negatively on the final term sheet, agrees not to
file negative comments or speak negatively on the proposed rule or its
preamble to the extent they have the same substance and effect as the
term sheet. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 16 at p. 5) However,
these rules are not legally binding, but instead are good-faith
principles to govern Working Group's negotiations. Under the
Administrative Procedure Act, DOE must consider all relevant comments
submitted concerning the
[[Page 36861]]
September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, and make modifications to the
proposals, as necessary, in this final rule. (5 U.S.C. 553(c)) Specific
required modifications are discussed in their relevant sections.
On January 18, 2017, DOE published a direct final rule containing
energy conservation standards for dedicated-purpose pool pumps (e.g.,
the January 2017 DPPP DFR), based on the recommendations of the DPPP
Working Group, with a compliance date of July 19, 2021. 82 FR 5650.
After reviewing comments submitted during the 110-day comment period,
on May 26, 2017, DOE published a confirmation of effective date and
compliance date for the DFR. 82 FR 24218.
II. Synopsis of the Final Rule
In this final rule, DOE is amending subpart Y to 10 CFR part 431 to
include definitions and a test procedure applicable to dedicated-
purpose pool pumps. However, DOE is establishing a test procedure for
only a specific subset of dedicated-purpose pool pumps. Specifically,
this test procedure applies only to self-priming and non-self-priming
pool filter pumps, waterfall pumps, and pressure cleaner booster pumps.
The test procedure does not apply to integral cartridge-filter pool
pumps, integral sand-filter pool pumps, storable electric spa pumps, or
rigid electric spa pumps. The test procedure is applicable to those
varieties of pool pumps for which DOE established performance-based
standards in the January 2017 DPPP DFR (82 FR 5650, 5743), as well as
additional categories of dedicated-purpose pool pumps for which the
DPPP Working Group did not propose standards. (See section III.B.6 for
more information on the applicability of the new test procedure to
different DPPP varieties).
In this final rule, DOE defines a new metric, the weighted energy
factor (WEF), to characterize the energy performance of dedicated-
purpose pool pumps within the scope of this test procedure. As
described further in section III.C, WEF is determined as a weighted
average of water volumetric flow rate divided by the input power to the
dedicated-purpose pool pump at different load points. The specific load
points and weights depend on the variety of the dedicated-purpose pool
pump and the number of operating speeds with which it is distributed in
commerce. In addition, the DPPP test procedure includes a test method
to determine the self-priming capability of pool filter pumps to
effectively differentiate self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter
pumps. Finally, the DPPP test procedure provides optional methods for
determining the WEF for replacement DPPP motors.
DOE's new test method includes measurements of volumetric flow rate
and input power, both of which are required to calculate WEF, as well
as other quantities to effectively characterize the rated DPPP
performance (e.g., head, hydraulic output power, rotating speed). For
consistent and uniform measurement of these values, DOE is
incorporating by reference the test methods established in HI 40.6-
2014, ``Methods for Rotodynamic Pump Efficiency Testing,'' with certain
exceptions. DOE reviewed the relevant sections of HI 40.6-2014 and
determined that HI 40.6-2014, in conjunction with the additional test
methods and calculations adopted in this test procedure, will produce
test results that reflect the energy efficiency, energy use, or
estimated operating costs of a dedicated-purpose pool pump during a
representative average use cycle. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2)) DOE also
reviewed the burdens associated with conducting the test procedure,
including HI 40.6-2014, and, based on the results of such analysis,
found that the test procedure is not unduly burdensome to conduct. (42
U.S.C. 6314(a)(2)) DOE's analysis of the burdens associated with the
test procedure is presented in section IV.B.
This final rule also establishes requirements regarding the
sampling plan, certification requirements, and representations for
dedicated-purpose pool pumps at subpart B of part 429 of title 10 of
the Code of Federal Regulations. The sampling plan requirements are
similar to those for several other types of commercial equipment and
are appropriate for dedicated-purpose pool pumps based on the expected
range of measurement uncertainty and manufacturing tolerances for this
equipment (see section III.K.1 for more detailed information). As DOE's
DPPP test procedure contains methods for calculating the energy factor
(EF),\5\ overall (wire-to-water) efficiency, driver power input, DPPP
nominal motor horsepower,\6\ DPPP motor total horsepower, DPPP service
factor, pump power output (hydraulic horsepower), and true power factor
(PF), DOE also is adopting provisions regarding allowable
representations of energy consumption, energy efficiency, and other
relevant metrics manufacturers may make regarding DPPP performance
(section III.H). DOE is also clarifying the appropriate use of such
metrics through the use of two appendices: Appendix B, which contains
metrics and test methods applicable to testing dedicated-purpose pool
pumps prior to the compliance date of the established energy
conservation standards for such equipment (i.e., prior to July 19,
2021), and appendix C, which contains metrics and test methods
applicable to testing dedicated-purpose pool pumps on or after the
compliance date of any applicable energy conservation standards (i.e.,
on and after July 19, 2021).
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\5\ EF is a metric that is common in the DPPP industry and which
describes the volume of water provided by a dedicated-purpose pool
pump divided by the input power required to pump that amount of
water in units of gallons per watt-hour (gal/Wh). The relevant test
methods for determining EF are described in section III.F.
\6\ In this final rule, DOE is adopting specific test methods
and metrics applicable to DPPP nominal motor horsepower, DPPP total
horsepower, DPPP service factor, and rated hydraulic horsepower of
dedicated-purpose pool pumps. See section III.G.1 for a discussion
of the different horsepower metrics applicable to dedicated-purpose
pool pumps and the adopted testing requirements applicable to these
metrics.
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Starting on July 19, 2021, the compliance date for the energy
conservation standards that DOE established for dedicated-purpose pool
pumps, all dedicated-purpose pool pumps within the scope of those
standards must be certified in accordance with the amended subpart Y of
part 431 and the applicable sampling requirements in 10 CFR 429.59. DOE
is also requiring that, beginning on July 19, 2021, certain
certification and compliance information must be reported to DOE on an
annual basis (section III.K.2). Similarly, all representations
regarding the energy efficiency or energy use of dedicated-purpose pool
pumps within the scope of this DPPP test procedure should be made by
testing in accordance with the adopted DPPP test procedure (appendix B)
beginning 180 days after the publication date of this test procedure
final rule in the Federal Register. (42 U.S.C. 6314(d)(1)) DOE
understands that manufacturers of dedicated-purpose pool pumps likely
have historical test data (e.g., existing pump curves) that were
developed with methods consistent with the new DOE test procedure. DOE
also understands that the DPPP test procedure is based on the same
testing methodology used to generate most existing pump performance
information. Consequently, DOE does not expect that manufacturers will
need to regenerate all of the historical test data, as long as the
original rating method is consistent with the methods adopted in this
final rule, and the original tested units remain
[[Page 36862]]
representative of the basic model's current design. If the testing
methods used to generate historical ratings for DPPP basic models are
substantially different from those adopted in this final rule or the
manufacturer has changed the design of the basic model, the
representations resulting from the historical methods would no longer
be valid. This is discussed in more detail in section III.F.
III. Discussion
In this final rule, DOE amends subpart Y of 10 CFR part 431 to add
a new DPPP test procedure and related definitions, amends 10 CFR 429.59
to add a new sampling plan for dedicated-purpose pool pumps, and amends
10 CFR 429.110 and 429.134 to add new enforcement provisions for this
equipment. The amendments are shown in Table III.1.
Table III.1--Summary of Amendments in This Final Rule, Their Location Within the Code of Federal Regulations,
and the Applicable Preamble Discussion
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Applicable preamble
Location Amendment Summary of additions discussion
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10 CFR 429.59...................... Test Procedure Minimum number of dedicated- Section III.K and
Sampling Plan and purpose pool pumps to be III.H.
Certification tested to rate a DPPP
Requirements. basic model, determination
of representative values,
and certification
reporting requirements.
10 CFR 429.110 & 429.134........... Enforcement Provisions Method for DOE Section III.K.
determination of
compliance of DPPP basic
models.
10 CFR 431.462..................... Definitions........... Definitions pertinent to Section III.B.
categorizing and testing
of dedicated-purpose pool
pumps.
10 CFR 431.464, Appendix B, & Test Procedure........ Instructions for Sections III.C, III.D,
Appendix C. determining the WEF (and III.E, III.H, III.F,
other applicable and III.J.
performance
characteristics) for
applicable varieties of
dedicated-purpose pool
pumps and replacement DPPP
motors.
10 CFR 431.466..................... Labeling.............. Requirements for labeling Section III.I.
dedicated-purpose pool
pumps.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The following sections discuss comments received from interested
parties and DOE's final adopted provisions regarding (A) the scope of
this rulemaking; (B) definitions related to the categorizing and
testing of dedicated-purpose pool pumps; (C) the metric used to
describe the energy performance of dedicated-purpose pool pumps; (D)
the test procedure for different varieties of dedicated-purpose pool
pumps; (E) the incorporation of HI 40.6-2014 as the test method for
determining pump performance; (F) representations of energy use and
energy efficiency; (G) additional test methods necessary to determine
rated hydraulic horsepower,\7\ other DPPP horsepower metrics,\8\ and
the self-priming capability of dedicated-purpose pool pumps; (H)
labeling requirements for dedicated-purpose pool pumps; (I) an optional
test method for replacement DPPP motors; and (J) certification and
enforcement provisions for tested DPPP models.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\7\ Rated hydraulic horsepower refers to the hydraulic
horsepower at maximum speed and full impeller diameter on the
reference curve for the rated pump and is the metric DOE is
referencing to describe the capacity of dedicated-purpose pool
pumps. (See section III.G.1.)
\8\ DOE is adopting, based on the June 2016 DPPP Working Group
recommendations, standardized methods for determining nominal motor
horsepower, total horsepower, and service factor of a dedicated-
purpose pool pump to support labeling provisions. The adopted test
methods are discussed in section III.F and the labeling requirements
are discussed in section III.I.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
A. General Comments
CA IOUs submitted a general comment expressing their support of the
test procedure proposed in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR
and stating that the proposal reflected issues negotiated in the DPPP
Working Group in 2015 and 2016. CA IOUs also encouraged DOE to publish
a final rule for both the test procedure and energy conservation
standards by the end of 2016 so that the standards can take effect as
soon as possible. (CA IOUs, No. 9 at pp. 1-2) DOE appreciates the
support of CA IOUs and has finalized this test procedure final rule in
2016. DOE addressed the energy conservation standards recommended by
the DPPP Working Group in the January 2017 DPPP DFR. 82 FR 5650.
In response to the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, Hayward
raised concerns on the number of requests for comment and new items
outside the DPPP Working Group discussions and the possible need for a
supplemental NOPR (SNOPR). (Hayward, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 3
at pp. 5-6) DOE acknowledges that in the September 2016 DPPP test
procedure NOPR, DOE proposed a new DPPP test procedure, as well as
several items recommended by the DPPP Working Group related to DPPP
test procedure, such as definitions and test methods. In addition, the
September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR contained several items
recommended by the DPPP Working Group that are not directly related to
the DPPP test procedure, such as labeling and certification
requirements. Finally, the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR
contained a number of items that were not directly discussed or
recommended by the DPPP Working Group, but are necessary to fully
implement DOE's regulatory framework, such as a sampling plan for the
determination of representative values and enforcement requirements.
While DOE recognizes that the number and breadth of the proposals
contained in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR was
significant, DOE maintains that many of the items are necessary to
ensure DOE's DPPP regulations, once adopted, are comprehensive and
robust. For example, the sampling plan provisions are necessary to
describe how to determine uniform and consistent representative values
from the test procedure results.
In addition, as discussed at length in the DPPP Working Group
negotiations, the energy conservation standard recommended by the DPPP
Working Group contains both performance and prescriptive requirements
for different varieties of dedicated-purpose pool pumps, which must be
implemented in a direct final rule. However, such a direct final rule
can only contain the explicit consensus recommendations of the DPPP
Working Group, since any additional provisions would not have the
opportunity for public comment
[[Page 36863]]
through the direct final rule process. Therefore, some items typically
implemented in standards rulemakings, such as certification reporting
requirements and labeling provisions, were included in the September
2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, because, while they implemented the
recommendations of the DPPP Working Group, they contained additional
details and minor provisions not explicitly recommended by the DPPP
Working Group (see section III.I and III.K.2 for more information on
the labeling and certification provisions, respectively).
Therefore, while DOE understands that the breadth of the proposals
contained in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR may be greater
than typical test procedure NOPRs, DOE believes that all the proposals
are necessary to fully implement the recommendations of the DPPP
Working Group and ensure comprehensive and robust DPPP regulations. In
addition, DOE notes that interested parties had the opportunity to
comment on all DOE's proposals in response to the September 2016 DPPP
test procedure NOPR and DOE has provided answers to all comments, and,
where appropriate, has amended its proposal in response to the
comments. Therefore, DOE believes that an SNOPR is not necessary.
In written comments, APSP and Pentair noted that DOE based the
various efficiency levels considered for energy conservation standards
during the DPPP Working Group negotiations on the WEF scores estimated
for individual pump models using data from the ENERGY STAR Qualified
Products List database. Pentair commented, and APSP agreed, that
analysis they conducted using actual test data generated WEF scores
that were different from DOE's estimates, sometimes by up to 20
percent. APSP and Pentair recommended that DOE reevaluate the various
efficiency levels using actual test data instead of estimates based on
ENERGY STAR data points. (APSP, No. 8 at p. 2; Pentair, No. 11 at p. 6)
DOE interprets APSP and Pentair's comments to be specific to self-
priming pool filter pumps, which are the only variety of pool pump that
are listed in the ENERGY STAR Qualified Products List database.\9\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\9\ ENERGY STAR maintains a database of certified products,
including pool pumps. See https://www.energystar.gov/productfinder/product/certified-pool-pumps/results.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In response to APSP and Pentair, DOE notes that the tested data
points for all self-priming pool filter pumps were based on
certification data from the ENERGY STAR Qualified Products List
database, as well as other entities besides ENERGY STAR. DOE
incorporated certification data from the CEC (including current and
historical data), APSP, and ENERGY STAR, and included other data
provided by DPPP manufacturers in DOE's Self-Priming Pool Filter Pump
database.\10\ (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 94 at pp. 24-30)
DOE presumes the data in these databases to be accurate and determined
in accordance with the appropriate test procedures. As discussed
further in section III.H, these test procedures are consistent with the
test procedure recommended by the DPPP Working Group and adopted by DOE
in this final rule. Therefore, the data in the ENERGY STAR, CEC, and
APSP databases are deemed to be consistent with data generated in
accordance with the adopted DPPP test procedure.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\10\ Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 102.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE notes that WEF scores used to establish efficiency levels for
single-speed and two-speed self-priming pool filter pumps were directly
calculated from actual known test data points at appropriate load
points, and no mathematical estimations were employed. However, as
discussed in the DPPP Working Group, DOE acknowledges that, for
variable-speed self-priming pool filter pumps, the WEF scores used to
establish efficiency levels considered for energy conservation
standards were mathematically estimated from certain known test data
points contained in DOE's database. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008,
No. 94 at pp. 26-31)
DOE pursued the mathematical estimation of WEF scores because the
variable-speed self-priming pool filter pump performance data contained
in above-mentioned databases does not always align with the load points
(i.e., speed settings) needed to evaluate each pump against the WEF
metric. Specifically, DOE's mathematical estimations were derived from
a regression analyses of known variable-speed self-priming pool filter
pump data points. Furthermore, as DOE described during the DPPP Working
Group meetings, DOE used actual test stand data provided by DPPP
manufacturers to validate the estimation methodology. (Docket No. EERE-
2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 94 at pp. 28-34) Ultimately, DOE publically
presented its regression methodology to the DPPP Working Group for
input and no members of the DPPP Working Group offered sustained
objections to the methodology or results during the Working Group
meetings.\11\ (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 94 at pp. 24-34)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\11\ The CA IOUs initially objected to the results of the
regression methodology, saying that previous CA IOU efforts had
gathered data that did not fit the regression trend presented by
DOE. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, CA IOUs, No. 94 at pp. 30-
31) In a subsequent meeting the CA IOUs rescinded their objection
and stated that previous CA IOUs analysis shows the same results as
DOE's regression methodology. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, CA
IOUs, No. 95 at pp. 4-5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In addition, and as discussed in the DPPP Working Group, DOE
acknowledges that the estimated WEF scores for variable-speed pumps are
subject to mathematically uncertainty. As a part of the DPPP Working
Group meetings, DOE mathematically quantified this uncertainty and
provided the DPPP Working Group with a revised variable-speed
efficiency level option that would conservatively account for this
uncertainty. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 100 at pp. 118-121)
Ultimately, as a part of their energy conservation standard
negotiations, the DPPP Working Group decided not to account for such
uncertainty in the variable-speed efficiency level. (Docket No. EERE-
2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 92 at pp. 281-283) Consequently, DOE believes
that the concept of WEF score uncertainty for variable-speed pumps was
well understood by the DPPP Working Group, including the commenters.
In general, DOE developed efficiency level options for the DPPP
Working Group based on the best data and analytical methods that were
available at the time. In light of the concerns raised by APSP and
Pentair, DOE reevaluated its variable-speed WEF estimation methodology,
but found no technical inaccuracies. In the absence of new data (noting
that APSP and Pentair did not submit to DOE any test data to
substantiate their claims), DOE has no means to adjust its variable-
speed WEF estimation methodology at this time. Furthermore, DOE
believes that data uncertainty concerns raised by APSP and Pentair were
sufficiently considered by the DPPP Working Group, and adjustment to
DOE's analysis, based on new test data (if made available), would not
materially impact the recommendations of the DPPP Working Group.
Therefore, DOE will not reevaluate self-priming pool filter pump
efficiency levels using new test data, as recommended by APSP and
Pentair. DOE notes that DOE established energy conservation standards
as part of the January 2017 DPPP DFR. 82 FR 5650, 5743.
In written comments, Nidec stated that it believed that there
should be a
[[Page 36864]]
public comment period for the related energy conservation standards and
requested information on the timing of the ECS rulemaking as well as
the opportunity for public review and comment. (Nidec, No. 10 at p. 4)
DOE notes that the related energy conservation standards were
negotiated through the DPPP Working Group and approved by ASRAC,\12\
and that notice of all meetings were published in the Federal
Register.\13\ All meetings were open and provided opportunity for
public comment. In addition, the public had 110 days to submit public
comments on the DFR, which were considered by DOE prior to confirming
the effective date and compliance date for the energy conservation
standards. 82 FR 24218; May 26, 2017.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\12\ Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-NOC-0005, No. 87.
\13\ See https://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/standards.aspx?productid=67 and https://www.regulations.gov/docket?D=EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
B. Definitions
In this final rule, DOE is adopting definitions for the term
dedicated-purpose pool pump, several sub-varieties of dedicated-purpose
pool pumps, and the variations of DPPP operating speed configurations.
DOE is also adopting definitions pertinent to categorizing and testing
dedicated-purpose pool pumps in accordance with the DOE test procedure.
In general, ASAP and NRDC commented that they agreed with DOE's
proposed definitions. (ASAP and NRDC, No. 12 at p. 1) DOE appreciates
the support of ASAP and NRDC. DOE presents these definitions in the
subsequent sections. In addition, DOE is adopting definitions and
methods for determining several terms related to describing DPPP
capacity, including ``rated hydraulic horsepower,'' ``dedicated-purpose
pool pump nominal motor horsepower,'' ``dedicated-purpose pool pump
service factor,'' and ``dedicated-purpose pool pump motor total
horsepower.'' These terms are discussed in detail in section III.G.1.
1. Existing Pump Definitions
DOE notes that because dedicated-purpose pool pumps are a style of
pump, some terms defined at 10 CFR 431.462, as adopted in the January
2016 general pumps test procedure final rule, also apply to dedicated-
purpose pool pumps, including bare pump, mechanical equipment, driver,
and control. 81 FR 4086, 4090-4091 (Jan. 25, 2016). In addition, as
dedicated-purpose pool pumps are end suction pumps, DOE believes the
definition for end suction pump established in the January 2016 general
pumps test procedure final rule also applies to dedicated-purpose pool
pumps. In the January 2016 general pumps test procedure final rule, DOE
defined ``end suction pump'' as a single-stage, rotodynamic pump in
which the liquid enters the bare pump in a direction parallel to the
impeller shaft and on the side opposite the bare pump's driver-end. The
liquid is discharged through a volute in a plane perpendicular to the
shaft. 81 FR 4086, 4146 (Jan. 25, 2016). DOE notes that, as it is
referenced in the definition for end suction pump, the definition for
rotodynamic pump established in the January 2016 general pumps test
procedure final rule also applies to dedicated-purpose pool pumps. Id.
at 4147.
In the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE used the term
``dry rotor'' as a part of the definition of pressure cleaner booster
pumps. 81 FR 64580, 64591 (Sept. 20, 2016). DOE also discussed how the
term ``dry rotor pump'' applies to dedicated-purpose pool pumps and
asserted that, to DOE's knowledge, all dedicated-purpose pool pumps are
dry rotor (as defined in the January 2016 general pumps final rule
\14\). 81 FR 64580, 64587 (Sept. 20, 2016) DOE requested comment on the
assertion that all dedicated-purpose pool pumps are dry rotor pumps.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\14\ DOE defines ``dry rotor pump'' as a pump in which the motor
rotor is not immersed in the pumped fluid. 10 CFR 431.462.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In written comments, APSP, Hayward, and Zodiac commented that all
of the dedicated-purpose pool pumps covered by this rule are typically
dry rotor pumps. (APSP, No. 8 at p.3; Hayward, No. 6 at p. 1; Zodiac,
No. 13 at p. 1) However, APSP and Zodiac also requested a clearer
definition of dry rotor and wet rotor style pumps. APSP, No. 8 at p. 3;
Zodiac, No. 13 at p. 1) APSP, Hayward, and Zodiac also inquired how a
wet rotor pump (such as a pump with a water-cooled motor) may be
impacted by the dry rotor definition. (APSP, No. 8 at p.3; Hayward, No.
6 at p. 1; Zodiac, No. 13 at p. 1)
In response to APSP and Zodiac's request for clarification
regarding the terms dry rotor and wet rotor, DOE defined dry rotor and
wet rotor pumps in the January 2016 general pumps test procedure final
rule. 81 FR 4086, 4146 (Jan. 25, 2016). Dry rotor pump means a pump in
which the motor rotor is not immersed in the pumped fluid. Conversely,
a wet rotor pump is one in which the motor rotor is immersed in the
pumped liquid. Id. at 4101 (Jan. 25, 2016) The rotor is the portion of
the motor that rotates and provides torque to output shaft (which may
be integral to the rotor). For most motors varieties, including all
known dedicated-purpose pool pump motors, the rotor is an internal
component of the motor, which resides inside the motor stator. If any
significant amount of liquid is present in-between the stator and rotor
during operation, the rotation of the motor rotor will cause the liquid
to surround or cover the rotor (i.e., immerse it). Consequently, such a
configuration would be considered a wet rotor pump. Alternatively, if a
dedicated-purpose pool pump has no significant amount of liquid between
stator and rotor, the rotation of the rotation will not cause the
liquid to surround or cover the rotor (i.e., immerse it), and thus such
a configuration would not be considered a dry rotor pump. DOE notes
that the water-resistance of, or ability to immerse, the exterior
casing of a motor has no relation to the definition of wet rotor and
dry rotor pump.
DOE believes these definitions are clear and unambiguous and do not
require further clarification.
Regarding how a wet rotor pump would be treated under DOE's new
dedicated-purpose pool pump regulations, DOE understands that pressure
cleaner booster pumps are the only variety of dedicated-purpose pool
pump that use the term ``dry rotor'' within the definition (i.e., a
pressure cleaner booster pump is a dry rotor pump). Consequently, the
test procedure will only be applicable to dry rotor pressure cleaner
booster pumps, as non-dry rotor variants would not meet the definition
of a pressure cleaner booster pump. The remaining varieties of
dedicated purpose pool pumps make no specification to whether the pump
is, or is not, dry rotor. Consequently, both dry rotor and non-dry
rotor pumps will meet certain definitions established in this final
rule, and would thus be subject to the test procedure.
DOE received no other comments regarding the use of dry rotor,
within the definition of pressure cleaner booster pump. Therefore, the
term dry rotor pump will remain a part of the definition of pressure
cleaner booster pump.
Additional definitions from the January 2016 general pumps test
procedure final rule that apply to dedicated-purpose pool pumps,
include the definition of basic model (discussed further in section
III.B.8), the definitions incorporated by reference from HI 40.6-2014
(discussed further in section III.E.1), and the definition of self-
priming pump (discussed further in section III.B.3.a). While other
terms may be applicable to the description of
[[Page 36865]]
dedicated-purpose pool pumps, they are not referenced in any of the
DPPP definitions or specifications of the DPPP test procedure.
2. Definition of Dedicated-Purpose Pool Pump
Consistent with the recommendations of the DPPP Working Group, DOE
proposed in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR to define
dedicated-purpose pool pump as follows:
Dedicated-purpose pool pump comprises self-priming pool filter
pumps, non-self-priming pool filter pumps, waterfall pumps, pressure
cleaner booster pumps, integral sand-filter pool pumps, integral-
cartridge filter pool pumps, storable electric spa pumps, and rigid
electric spa pumps. 81 FR 64580, 64587 (Sept. 20, 2016).
DOE received no comments in response to the proposed definition of
dedicated-purpose pool pump. Therefore, DOE is adopting the definition
of dedicated-purpose pool pump as proposed in the September 2016 DPPP
test procedure NOPR.
In the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE also proposed
definitions for each DPPP variety based on DPPP Working Group
recommendations. These definitions are discussed in more detail in
sections III.B.3, III.B.4, and III.B.5.
3. Pool Filter Pumps
Pool filter pumps are the most common style of dedicated-purpose
pool pump. A ``pool filter pump'' or ``pool circulation pump'' is
typically used to refer to an end suction style pump that circulates
water through a pool and filtration system and removes large debris
using a basket strainer or other device. Consistent with the
recommendations of the DPPP Working Group, in the September 2016 DPPP
test procedure NOPR, DOE proposed to define pool filter pump as an end
suction pump that
(a) either:
(1) Includes an integrated basket strainer, or
(2) does not include an integrated basket strainer, but requires a
basket strainer for operation, as stated in manufacturer literature
provided with the pump; and
(b) may be distributed in commerce connected to, or packaged with,
a sand filter, removable cartridge filter, or other filtration
accessory, so long as the filtration accessory is connected with
consumer-removable connections that allow the pump to be plumbed to
bypass the filtration accessory. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No.
51 Recommendation #4 at pp. 2-3); 81 FR 64580, 64587 (Sept. 20, 2016).
In the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE requested
comment on the proposed definition of pool filter pump. No comments,
negative or positive, were received regarding the proposed definition
of pool filter pump. Therefore, in this final rule, DOE adopts the
definition of pool filter pump as proposed in the September 2016 DPPP
test procedure NOPR.
a. Definition of a Basket Strainer and Filtration Accessories
The definition of pool filter pump includes the use of a basket
strainer to differentiate pool filter pumps from other varieties of end
suction pumps. To clearly and unambiguously establish what would be
considered a basket strainer when applying the pool filter pump
definition, the DPPP Working Group recommended to define ``basket
strainer'' as ``a perforated or otherwise porous receptacle that
prevents solid debris from entering a pump, when mounted within a
housing on the suction side of a pump. The basket strainer receptacle
is capable of passing spherical solids of 1 mm in diameter, and can be
removed by hand or using only simple tools. Simple tools include but
are not limited to a screwdriver, pliers, and an open-ended wrench.''
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51 Recommendation #4 at pp. 2-3)
To establish what would be considered a ``removable cartridge
filter'' and to differentiate removable cartridge filters from basket
strainers, the DPPP Working Group recommended that the definitions of
basket strainer and removable cartridge filter include a specification
for the diameter of spherical solid that the basket strainer or filter
component is capable of passing. The DPPP Working Group recommended a
definition for ``removable cartridge filter'' as ``a filter component
with fixed dimensions that captures and removes suspended particles
from water flowing through the unit. The removable cartridge filter is
not capable of passing spherical solids of 1 mm in diameter, can be
removed from the filter housing by hand or using only simple tools, and
is not a sand filter. Simple tools include but are not limited to a
screwdriver, pliers, and an open-ended wrench.'' (Docket No. EERE-2015-
BT-STD-0008, No. 51 Recommendation #4 at pp. 2-3)
Similarly, to clearly differentiate sand filters from other
filtration apparatuses, such as basket strainers and removable
cartridge filters, the DPPP Working Group recommended defining ``sand
filter'' as ``a device designed to filter water through sand or an
alternate sand-type media.'' The definition for sand filter is intended
to include all depth filters that allow fluid to pass through while
retaining particulates and debris in a porous filtration medium. In the
DPPP equipment industry, such a filter is most commonly made with sand,
but could also be made with other media such as diatomaceous earth.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 58 at pp. 91-96)
In the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE noted that
these definitions are useful in clearly differentiating different
styles of pool filter pumps, including integral cartridge-filter and
sand-filter pool pumps, from those that have non-integral filtration
accessories. As such, DOE proposed adopting the definitions for basket
strainer, removable cartridge filter, and sand filter, as recommended
by the DPPP Working Group. 81 FR 64580; 64587-88 (Sept. 20, 2016).
In response to the proposed definition of basket strainer, Pentair
submitted a written comment stating that there is a possibility of
manufacturers using the 1mm size restriction as a loophole to create a
strainer basket with very small openings, which would not meet DOE's
definition for pool filter pumps. Pentair acknowledged that doing so
would significantly limit the utility of the pump in pool filtration
applications. However, Pentair noted that consumers could throw away
the original basket strainer and replace it with one that has more
reasonable opening size. (Pentair, No. 11 at p. 1)
In response, DOE acknowledges Pentair's concern regarding the
potential for manufacturers to circumvent the regulation through
adjusting the opening size on the basket strainer. In the DPPP Working
Group negotiations, the DPPP Working Group discussed the opening size
as the clearest and most unambiguous way to differentiate between
basket strainers and removable cartridge filters. During that
discussion, Hayward raised the possibility that the filter basket
opening size may limit future design flexibility. DOE responded that
DOE definitions and analysis are developed around filter basket designs
that are currently available on the market. DOE also noted that a
filtration apparatus that does not meet the definition established in
this rule could be considered in a future rulemakings, if such designs
are developed. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, CA IOUs, DOE,
Waterway, and Zodiac, No. 53 at pp. 13-19) Also, as noted by Pentair,
the opening size of the basket filter directly impacts its utility as a
[[Page 36866]]
filtration device. Therefore, DOE believes that the market will
effectively discourage manufacturers from producing pool filter pumps
with ineffective basket filters. However, DOE will monitor the market
as this test procedure and associated energy conservation standards
take effect and, if DOE observes any such circumvention, DOE may
reconsider the definition of basket strainer as necessary.
DOE received no other comments related to the proposed definitions
of basket strainer, removable cartridge filter, or sand filter.
Therefore, DOE is adopting the definitions of these terms as proposed
in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR.
b. Self-Priming and Non-Self-Priming Pool Filter Pumps
All pool filter pumps on the market are either self-priming or non-
self-priming. Self-priming pumps are able to lift liquid that
originates below the centerline of the pump inlet and, after initial
manual priming, are able to subsequently re-prime without the use of
external vacuum sources, manual filling, or a foot valve. In contrast,
non-self-priming pumps must be manually primed prior to start up each
time. Accordingly, self-priming pumps are constructed in a different
manner than non-self-priming pumps and have different energy use
characteristics. Specifically, self-priming pool filter pumps typically
incorporate a diffuser that maintains the prime on the pump between
periods of operation. The diffuser affects the energy performance of
the pump because it can decrease the maximum achievable energy
efficiency.
In addition, whether a pool filter pump is self-priming or not also
impacts the typical applications for self-priming versus non-self-
priming pool filter pumps. Specifically, in the DPPP equipment
industry, self-priming pool filter pumps are often referred to as
``inground pool pumps'' and non-self-priming pool filter pumps are
often referred to as ``aboveground pool pumps.'' Accordingly, the DPPP
Working Group proposed to analyze self-priming and non-self-priming
pool filter pumps separately. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51
Recommendation #2A at p. 2)
In the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, based on feedback
from the DPPP Working Group, DOE proposed definitions for self-priming
and non-self-priming pool filter pumps, as well as a method to
differentiate the two. Specifically, in the September 2016 DPPP test
procedure NOPR, DOE proposed the following definitions for self-priming
and non-self-priming pool filter pumps:
Self-priming pool filter pump means a pool filter pump that is
certified under NSF/ANSI 50-2015 \15\ to be self-priming or is capable
of re-priming to a vertical lift of at least 5.0 feet with a true
priming time less than or equal to 10.0 minutes, when tested in
accordance with NSF/ANSI 50-2015, and is not a waterfall pump.
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\15\ NSF International (NSF)/ANSI Standard 50-2015, (``NSF/ANSI
50-2015''), ``Equipment for Swimming Pools, Spas, hot Tubs and Other
Recreational Water Facilities.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Non-self-priming pool filter pump means a pool filter pump that is
not certified under NSF/ANSI 50-2015 to be self-priming and is not
capable of re-priming to a vertical lift of at least 5.0 feet with a
true priming time less than or equal to 10.0 minutes, when tested in
accordance with NSF/ANSI 50-2015, and is not a waterfall pump. 81 FR
64580, 64647-68 (Sept. 20, 2016).
The definitions are consistent with the NSF/ANSI 50-2015 self-
priming designation such that any pumps certified as self-priming under
NSF/ANSI 50-2015 would be treated as self-priming pool filter pumps
under the DOE regulations, even if such a pump was certified based on
manufacturer's specified or recommended vertical lift and/or true
priming time. However, as certification with NSF/ANSI 50-2015 is
voluntary, the definitions also adopt specific criteria in terms of
vertical lift and true priming time that are applicable to any pool
filter pumps not certified as self-priming under NSF/ANSI 50-2015. The
criterion for vertical lift is specified as 5.0 feet, consistent with
the NSF/ANSI 50-2015 requirement. This ensures that all pool filter
pumps that can achieve a vertical lift of 5.0 feet (within the required
true priming time), whether they are certified with NSF/ANSI or not,
would be considered a self-priming pool filter pump under DOE's
regulations.
The criterion for true priming time recommended by the DPPP Working
Group and proposed in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR is
10.0 minutes, as opposed to the 6 minutes specified in NSF/ANSI 50-
2015. 81 FR 64580, 64589 and 64647 (Sept. 20, 2016). This is because
the 6 minute threshold is a minimum, and manufacturers believed that
some pool filter pumps that are currently considered self-priming pool
filter pumps in the industry have true priming times greater than 6
minutes. Thus, the DPPP Working Group believed that 10.0 minutes was
more appropriate and comprehensive. 81 FR 64580, 64589 (Sept. 20,
2016). DOE proposed a vertical lift and true priming time of 5.0 feet
and 10.0 minutes in order to clearly specify the appropriate and
required level of precision in the definitions and test method. Id.
DOE notes that these definitions rely on the NSF/ANSI 50-2015 test
method to determine self-priming capability. DOE's test procedure for
determining self-priming capability, including the incorporation by
reference of the NSF/ANSI 50-2015 test method, is discussed further in
section III.G.2.
The definitions proposed for self-priming and non-self-priming pool
filter pumps in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR also
explicitly exclude waterfall pumps. As discussed in section III.B.4.a,
waterfall pumps are pool filter pumps and could meet a definition of
either self-priming or non-self-priming, unless explicitly excluded
from those definitions. Because DOE intended for these pumps to be
treated specifically as waterfall pumps, the proposed definitions for
self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps both specifically
excluded waterfall pumps.
DOE notes that, in the January 2016 general pumps test procedure
final rule, DOE already defined the term ``self-priming pump'' as a
pump that (1) is designed to lift liquid that originates below the
centerline of the pump inlet; (2) contains at least one internal
recirculation passage; and (3) requires a manual filling of the pump
casing prior to initial start-up, but is able to re-prime after the
initial start-up without the use of external vacuum sources, manual
filling, or a foot valve. 81 FR 4086, 4147 (Jan. 25, 2016). However, in
the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE discussed how this
definition is not applicable to dedicated-purpose pool pumps because
pool filter pumps typically do not contain a recirculation passage to
accomplish the self-priming function. Therefore, DOE proposed to revise
the definition of self-priming pump to ensure the definition of self-
priming is comprehensive and consistent with the new definitions for
self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pump. Specifically, DOE
proposed in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR to modify the
existing definition of self-priming pump to also include self-priming
pool filter pumps, in addition to the other referenced criteria. 81 FR
64580, 64648 (Sept. 20, 2016).
In response to DOE's proposal, CEC commented in support of DOE's
proposal to differentiate self-priming from non-self-priming pool pumps
[[Page 36867]]
using the NSF/ANSI 50-2015. (CEC, No. 7 at p.2)
During the September 2016 public meeting, Hayward requested
clarification of the reference to NSF/ANSI 50-2015 asking if changes
are made to that standard, would manufacturers be bound to those
changes. (Hayward, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 3 at p. 20) As stated
during the September 2016 public meeting, DOE incorporates by reference
a specific edition of a specific standard. If that standard is updated,
DOE would need to update the reference within their test procedure.
Until such an update is made, manufacturers are held to the standard
adopted in the DOE test procedure.
Hayward also submitted a written comment in response to DOE's
proposed definition of self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter
pumps. Hayward recommended that DOE remove the requirement to test
whether a non-self-priming pump is capable of self-priming. Hayward
stated that requiring pumps not marketed or sold as self-priming pumps
to be tested for self-priming capability would be unnecessarily
burdensome. Hayward recommended that the definition of non-self-priming
pumps be revised to designate pumps that are ``not marketed or sold as
self-priming,'' rather than pumps that are not capable of self-priming.
(Hayward, No. 6 at p.1)
In response to Hayward's inquiry, DOE clarifies that manufacturers
may certify their pump models to DOE as non-self-priming without
testing, so long as manufacturers are certain that the non-self-priming
pump model has vertical lift (of lack thereof) and true priming time
characteristics consistent with DOE's definition of non-self-priming
pool filter pump. That is, the non-self-priming pump would meet the
definition of non-self-priming, if it were to be tested in accordance
with DOE's test method for verifying self-priming capability (see
section III.G.2). Consequently, manufacturers are not required to
actually test each non-self-priming pump model to prove that such a
pump is non-self-priming. However, DOE will use the definition of non-
self-priming pool filter pump and the additional test method described
in section III.G.2 to ensure that manufacturers are properly
categorizing their pool filter pumps as either self-priming or non-
self-priming in accordance with the adopted definitions. Consequently,
DOE believes that the definition of non-self-priming pool filter pumps
does not introduce any additional testing burden, as DOE believes that
manufacturers already know whether their pumps currently marketed as
``non-self-priming'' would meet the definition established in this
final rule. With no additional burden, DOE believes that amending the
definition of non-self-priming pool filter pumps is not warranted. In
addition, DOE notes that establishing a clear, quantitative threshold
to differentiate self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps is
important to confirm that the pumps are appropriately differentiated
based on the utility (i.e., self-priming capability) they are able to
provide.
Hayward also requested clarification regarding the definition of
self-priming pool filter pumps. APSP and Hayward asked if 10 minutes is
the maximum time allowed to reach prime and meet the self-priming
requirement. (APSP, No. 8 at p. 3; Hayward, No. 6 at p.1)
The proposed definition for a self-priming pool filter pump allows
manufacturers to meet the definition of self-priming pool filter pump
in one of two ways. Manufacturers may show that a pool filter pump is
self-priming by certifying the pool filter pump as self-priming in
accordance with NSF/ANSI 50-2015. Alternatively, manufacturers may show
that a pool filter pump is a self-priming pool filter pump by
demonstrating that a pump is capable of re-priming to a vertical lift
of at least 5.0 feet with a true priming time of less than or equal to
10.0 minutes, without certifying the pump to NSF/ANSI 50-2015. 81 FR
64580, 64589. The NSF/ANSI 50-2015 standard does not specify a maximum
true priming time. Section C.3.5 of NSF/ANSI 50-2015 states that, ``if
a pump is to be designated as self-priming, the true priming time for
each run shall not exceed 6 min or the manufacturer's recommended time,
whichever is greater.'' To certify a pump's self-priming capability
under NSF/ANSI 50-2015, a manufacturer could recommend a true priming
time greater than 10.0 minutes. Under the proposed definition of self-
priming pool filter pump, if a pool filter pump has true priming time
greater than 10.0 minutes but is certified as self-priming under NSF/
ANSI 50-2015, that pump would qualify as a self-priming pool filter
pump. However, if the pump is not certified under NSF/ANSI 50-2015, the
pump must be capable of re-priming to a vertical lift of 5.0 feet with
a true priming time of less than or equal to 10.0 minutes in order to
be classified as a self-priming pump.
In written comments, Pentair pointed out that NSF requires pumps to
prime to 10 feet in order to be classified as ``self-priming'' without
listing a qualifying height, but allows a product to be certified as
self-priming in the 5 to 10 foot range if accompanied by a qualifying
height and time to prime. Pentair added that DOE's proposal does not
require the listing of the qualifying height and suggested that the
definition of self-priming pump should reflect the non-qualified
definition of 10 feet. (Pentair, No. 11 at p. 1)
Pentair also disagreed with DOE's attempt to separate dedicated-
purpose pool pumps intended for aboveground and inground applications
by using non-self-priming and self-priming characteristics,
respectively. Specifically, Pentair argued that there are many self-
priming aboveground pumps currently in the market that would become
non-viable under DOE's proposed definitions. Pentair further notes that
while modifications could be made to these existing aboveground pumps
to prevent them from priming, such changes would negatively impact pump
efficiency and reduce energy savings for this category of non-self-
priming pumps. (Pentair, No. 11 at p. 2)
In response to Pentair's comments regarding DOE's specified
vertical lift of 5.0 feet, DOE recommended the vertical lift of 5.0
feet based on the discussions and recommendation of the DPPP Working
Group. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, Hayward, No. 79 at pp. 160;
Zodiac, No. 79 at pp. 161-162) DOE notes that, as mentioned previously,
this ensures that all pool filter pumps that can achieve a vertical
lift of 5.0 feet (within the required true priming time), whether they
are certified with NSF/ANSI or not, would be considered a self-priming
pool filter pump under DOE's regulations. DOE reviewed NSF/ANSI 50-2015
and notes that, contrary to Pentair's comment, section 6.9.1 of NSF/
ANSI 50-2015 requires that the maximum vertical lift be specified if
the pump is designated as self-priming, as determined in accordance
with section C.3 of NSF/ANSI 50-2015. NSF/ANSI 50-2015 does not appear
to provide the discretion indicated by Pentair if the vertical lift is
10 feet. In this final rule, DOE is adopting a definition specifying a
vertical lift of 5.0 feet, as proposed in the September 2016 DPPP test
procedure NOPR, to maintain consistency with NSF/ANSI 50-2015.
In response to Pentair's comments regarding the differentiation of
self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps, DOE proposed to
differentiate these two styles of pool filter pumps based on the
recommendations of the DPPP Working Group. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-
STD-0008, No. 51 Recommendation #2A at p. 2) DOE acknowledges that one
factor associated
[[Page 36868]]
with the differentiation of self-priming and non-self-priming pool
filter pumps is their ability to service inground pools. That is, the
capability of a pump to self-prime is a fundamental utility associated
with the ability of a pump to service an inground pool, as the pump is
typically installed on the ground next to the pool, above the water
line of the pool. Therefore, the pump must be self-priming in order to
reliably circulate water on a continual basis. Conversely, pumps
serving aboveground pools are typically installed below the water line
and, therefore, gravity can serve to maintain the prime in the pump.
Although pumps serving aboveground pools could be self-priming or non-
self-priming, self-priming pumps do not provide the same utility to
aboveground pools because they require modifications that reduce the
energy efficiency benefits that self-priming pumps provide. Non-self-
priming pumps do not require those modifications, which benefits the
consumer and provides a distinct utility to the end user. This utility
is a feature that allows DOE to separate the two styles of pumps into
distinct equipment classes. In addition, self-priming pumps are more
efficient than non-self-priming pumps, and merging the product classes
could result in the unavailability of the feature that non-self-priming
pumps provide. For these reasons, consistent with the recommendations
of the DPPP Working Group, in this final rule DOE adopts definitions of
non-self-priming and self-priming pool filter pumps based on their
capability to self-prime.
DOE received no other comments related to the proposed definitions
for self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps or the revision
to the definition of self-priming pump established in the January 2016
general pumps test procedure final rule. However, in reviewing the
definitions, DOE notes that the vertical lift and true priming time
should refer to the DOE test method to verifying self-priming
capability, which DOE is adopting in this final rule (see section
III.G.2) as opposed to the test method in NSF/ANSI 50-2015. As
discussed in section III.G.2, DOE's test method for verifying self-
priming capability incorporates by reference the test method in section
C.3 of NSF/ANSI 50-2015, but also adds several clarifications and
additions to improve the repeatability and consistency of the test. DOE
believes this is consistent with the DPPP Working Group's intent,
whereby a self-priming pool filter pump would either be certified with
NSF/ANSI 50-2015 or have the specified vertical lift and true priming
time. DOE's self-priming capability test method is designed to verify
the criteria established by the DPPP Working Group. Therefore, in this
final rule, DOE is adopting definitions for self-priming and non-self-
priming pool filter pumps based on certification with NSF/ANSI 50-2015
and the criteria recommended by the DPPP Working Group, as tested
pursuant to the DOE test procedure, with minor modifications regarding
the level of precision required by the criteria. DOE is also adopting
the changes proposed to the definition of self-priming pump to align
with the new definitions for self-priming and non-self-priming pool
filter pumps.
c. Integral Cartridge-Filter and Integral Sand-Filter Pool Pumps
Most self-priming and non-self-priming filter pumps are installed
in permanent inground or aboveground pools. However, a significant
market also exists for temporary pools; e.g., inflatable or collapsible
pools that can be deflated or collapsed when not in use. Although
temporary pools also require dedicated-purpose pool pumps to circulate
and filter the water, these pools are typically served by a unique
style of dedicated-purpose pool pump that is exclusively distributed in
commerce with a temporary pool or as a replacement pump for such a
pool. Some of these pumps are integrally and permanently mounted to a
filtration accessory such as an integral cartridge-filter or sand-
filter. These particular pumps can only be operated with the integral
filtration accessory inline--the filtration accessory cannot be plumbed
out for the purposes of testing. The DPPP Working Group recommended
establishing prescriptive requirements for these pumps, which requires
that timers be distributed in commerce with the pumps. (Docket No.
EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51, Recommendation #2B at pp. 1-2) With a
prescriptive standard, the performance-related metric (i.e., WEF) and
test procedure would not be necessary and, therefore, not applicable.
To clearly differentiate integral cartridge-filter and integral
sand-filter pool pumps from other varieties of dedicated-purpose pool
pumps, the DPPP Working Group recommended definitions for integral
cartridge-filter pool pump and integral sand-filter pool pump. The
recommended definitions create differentiation based on the physical
construction of the pump. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51
Recommendation #4 at pp. 2-3) In the September 2016 DPPP test procedure
NOPR, DOE proposed to adopt the definitions for integral cartridge-
filter pool pump and integral sand-filter pool pump recommended by the
DPPP Working Group, with a few minor changes to use consistent
terminology in both definitions. Specifically, DOE proposed the
following definitions for integral cartridge-filter pool pump and
integral sand-filter pool pump:
Integral cartridge-filter pool pump means a pump that requires a
removable cartridge filter, installed on the suction side of the pump,
for operation; and the cartridge filter cannot be bypassed.
Integral sand-filter pool pump means a pump distributed in commerce
with a sand filter that cannot be bypassed. 81 FR 64580, 64590 (Sept.
20, 2016).
APSP stated that the proposed definitions for integral cartridge-
filter pool pump and integral sand-filter pool pump are acceptable and
consistent with DPPP Working Group meetings. (APSP, No. 8 at p. 3) DOE
appreciates APSP's comment. DOE received no other comments related to
the proposed definitions for integral cartridge-filter pool pump and
integral sand-filter pool pump. Therefore, DOE is adopting the
definitions as proposed in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR.
4. Other Varieties of Dedicated-Purpose Pool Pumps
In addition to pool filter pumps, DOE identified varieties of
dedicated-purpose pool pumps that are used to drive auxiliary pool
equipment such as pool cleaners and water features. These pumps, which
include waterfall pumps and pressure cleaner booster pumps, are
discussed in greater detail in the following sections.
a. Waterfall Pumps
Within the pool pump industry, a certain variety of pump exists,
which is specifically intended to pump water for water features, such
as waterfalls. These pumps are similar in construction to pool filter
pumps, except that they only have limited head and speed operating
ranges. DOE refers to these pumps as waterfall pumps. Waterfall pumps
meet the definition of pool filter pump discussed in section III.B.3.a,
but are always equipped with a lower speed motor (approximately 1,800
rpm) in order to provide the specific high flow, low head
characteristics required for typical water feature applications. Based
on this unique construction and end user utility, the DPPP Working
Group recommended to differentiate waterfall pumps from self-priming
and non-self-priming pool filter pumps. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-
0008, No. 51
[[Page 36869]]
Recommendation #4 at pp. 2-4) In accordance with the intent of the
December 2015 DPPP Working Group's recommendation, DOE proposed in the
September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR to define waterfall pump as ``a
pool filter pump with maximum head less than or equal to 30 feet, and a
maximum speed less than or equal to 1,800 rpm.'' 81 FR 64580, 64590
(Sept. 20, 2016). This definition uses maximum head and a specific
maximum speed to distinguish waterfall pumps from other varieties of
pool filter pumps.
During the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR public meeting,
Pentair pointed out that there was a minor typo on page 81 FR 64590
regarding the description of waterfall pumps. Pentair noted that the
text read ``the DPPP Working Group agreed that all currently available
waterfall pumps utilize 4-pole motors, as their low flow requirements
do not necessitate the use of a higher speed 2-pole motor'' where it
should actually refer to their low head requirements, not low flow
requirements. (Pentair, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 3 at p. 74) APSP
and Pentair reiterated this point in their written comments, pointing
out that it is the low head requirements that make use of a higher
speed 2-pole motor unnecessary. (APSP, No. 8 at p. 2; Pentair, No. 11
at p. 5) DOE agrees with APSP and Pentair that the statement should
refer to the low head requirements of waterfall pumps and that the
preamble text in the NOPR was in error.
DOE received no other comments related to the proposed definition
of waterfall pump. Therefore, DOE is adopting the definition of
waterfall pump as proposed in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure
NOPR, with the clarification that the maximum head value is the value
certified to DOE.
b. Pressure Cleaner Booster Pumps
Pressure cleaner booster pumps provide water pressure that is used
to propel pressure-side pool cleaners along the bottom of the pool and
remove debris as the cleaner moves. To perform this task, a pressure
cleaner booster pump must provide high head (i.e., pressure) at a low
flow.
The DPPP Working Group recommended that pressure cleaner booster
pumps be included as a variety of dedicated-purpose pool pump, subject
to the test procedure, and specifically considered in the analysis to
support potential energy conservation standards. (Docket No. EERE-2015-
BT-STD-0008, No. 51, Recommendation #1 at p. 1, #2A at p. 2, and #6 at
p. 5) However, the DPPP Working Group did not recommend a definition of
pressure cleaner booster pump due to the difficulty of effectively
differentiating pressure cleaner booster pumps from other DPPP
varieties. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51 Recommendation #4
at p. 3) Instead, the DPPP Working Group recommended that DOE develop
an appropriate definition.
After considering the design, construction, and performance of
pressure cleaner booster pumps, DOE determined that the most effective
differentiator for pressure cleaner booster pumps is the fact that they
are designed and marketed for a specific pressure-side cleaning
application. Therefore, to effectively differentiate pressure cleaner
booster pumps from other pump varieties, DOE proposed in the September
2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR to define ``pressure cleaner booster
pump'' as an end suction, dry rotor pump designed and marketed for
pressure-side pool cleaner applications, and which may be UL listed
under ANSI/UL 1081-2014, ``Standard for Swimming Pool Pumps, Filters,
and Chlorinators.'' 81 FR 64580, 65491-92 (Sept. 20, 2016).
In response to definition of pressure cleaner booster pump proposed
in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, the CA IOUs suggested
that DOE should include the UL listing as a requirement rather than an
illustrative characteristic. CA IOUs justified this suggestion, by
reasoning that in order to be used on pools, most local inspection
authorities would want to see the UL label. (CA IOUs, Public Meeting
Transcript, No. 3 at pp. 18-19) Conversely, in written comments,
Hayward, APSP, and Zodiac asserted that the phrase ``be UL listed''
should not be included in the definition of pressure cleaner booster
pump as it would require a manufacturer to work solely with UL and that
DOE should not seek to require manufacturers to list pressure cleaner
booster pumps in accordance with a 3rd party, voluntary standard.
(Hayward, No. 6, at p. 2; APSP, No. 8 at p. 3; Zodiac, No. 13 at pp. 1-
2) Hayward, APSP, and Zodiac further questioned the benefit of adding a
statement referencing the UL standard since, while UL 1081 is the de
facto standard and is applicable to all DPPP, it is not a requirement
in the United States to certify products to the standard and it does
not necessarily distinguish a pressure cleaner booster pump from a non-
pressure cleaner booster pump. (Id.)
As noted during the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR public
meeting, DOE does not wish to narrow or restrict the definition of
pressure cleaner booster pump to only those pumps UL listed under ANSI/
UL 1081, because DOE is not fully confident that all pressure cleaner
booster pumps require such a listing in order to be installed in all
pools in the United States. This understanding is consistent with
Hayward, APSP, and Zodiac's written comments suggesting removing the
reference to ANSI/UL 1081 certification. Therefore, because it is
possible that some jurisdictions may not require such a listing, DOE
does not wish to limit the definition of pressure cleaner booster pump
to pumps with a UL listing if the pump is in fact designed and marketed
for pressure-side pool cleaner applications. However, DOE agrees with
CA IOUs that the majority of jurisdictions require UL listing for
installation of dedicated-purpose pool pumps, including pressure
cleaner booster pumps, in pools. This is why DOE believes that such
listing is a useful characteristic to use for distinguishing pressure
cleaner booster pumps from other end suction pumps not intended for
pools. While helpful, this reference does not require pressure cleaner
booster pumps to be certified with UL or any other 3rd party entity.
The controlling criteria for determining whether a pump meets DOE's
definition of pressure cleaner booster pump is whether that pump is
designed and marketed for pressure-side cleaner applications. As such,
DOE believes that referencing ANSI/UL 1081 certification continues to
be a useful, illustrative indicator for identifying pressure cleaner
booster pumps, although it is not mandatory and pressure cleaner
booster pumps may still meet the definition regardless of whether they
are certified under ANSI/UL 1081 or not. That is, DOE believes the
intended application of the pump, as indicated by the pump's own
marketing literature, is the best indication of whether or not that
pump is a pressure cleaner booster pump, regardless of whether the pump
is UL listed under ANSI/UL 1081.
APSP, Hayward, and Zodiac also pointed out in their written
comments that the current edition of ANSI/UL 1081 is the 2016 version
of the standard, not the 2014 version proposed to be incorporated by
reference in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR. (APSP, No. 8
at p.3; Hayward, No. 6 at pp. 1-2; Zodiac, No. 13 at pp. 1-2) DOE has
reviewed ANSI/UL 1081-2016 and finds it to be similar in content and
intent to the 2014 edition of the standard. Therefore, in order to
reference the most recent and relevant version, DOE is incorporating by
[[Page 36870]]
reference ANSI/UL 1081-2016 in this final rule.
No other comments were received related to the proposed definition
of pressure cleaner booster pump. Therefore, for the reasons discussed
in this section and the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE is
adopting the definition of pressure cleaner booster pump as proposed in
the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, except the adopted
definition references ANSI/UL 1081-2016 instead of ANSI/UL 1081-2014.
To provide clarity and remove ambiguity when applying the
definition for pressure cleaner booster pump, DOE also proposed a
definition for ``designed and marketed'' that DOE would use when
determining the applicability of any DPPP test procedure or energy
conservation standards to such pumps. Specifically, DOE proposed to
define ``designed and marketed'' as meaning that the equipment is
specifically designed to fulfill the indicated application and, when
distributed in commerce, is designated and marketed for that
application, with the designation on the packaging and all publicly
available documents (e.g., product literature, catalogs, and packaging
labels). 81 FR 64580, 64647 (Sept. 20, 2016).
In response to this proposal, CA IOUs expressed concern that the
inclusion of ``designed and marketed'' in the definition of pressure
cleaner booster pump could create a loophole where products could be
used as pressure cleaner booster pumps even if not specifically
marketed for that purpose and, in turn, avoid regulation. (CA IOUs,
Public Meeting Transcript, No. 3 at pp. 23-24) ASAP also commented that
the proposed definition for designed and marketed seemed to be narrow,
pointing to a scenario where a pump is designed as a booster pump for
pool applications but is also marketed by the manufacturer for another
application. ASAP requested clarification if in this scenario the pump
in question would be required to meet the standard. (ASAP, Public
Meeting Transcript, No. 3 at pp. 22-23) In written comments, ASAP and
NRDC also encouraged DOE to attempt to ensure that the definition for
``designed and marketed'' does not contain any loopholes. Specifically,
ASAP and NRDC supported the definition of designed and marketed
presented in the regulatory text portion of the September 2016 DPPP
test procedure NOPR over the one presented in the preamble.\16\
Additionally, ASAP and NRDC encouraged DOE to consider whether removing
the word ``specifically'' may further reduce the possibility for
potential loopholes and suggested removing the word ``all'' from ``all
publicly available documents'' to ensure pumps are considered pressure
cleaner booster pumps in cases where the designation is on some
publicly available documents, but not others. (ASAP and NRDC, No. 12 at
pp. 1-2) Similarly, CA IOUs recommended that DOE remove the word
``specifically,'' in order to address pumps designed for both pressure
cleaner and domestic water booster pump applications, and change
``all'' to ``any'' publicly available documents. (CA IOUs, No. 9 at pp.
2-3)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\16\ The definition of designed and marketed contained in the
preamble (81 FR 64580, 6464592; Sept. 20, 2016) did not exactly
match the definition of designed and marketed proposed in the
regulatory text (Id. at 64647). Specifically, the preamble
definition contained the words ``exclusively'' and ``solely.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In response to CA IOUs' concern about pumps used as pressure
cleaner booster pumps but not marketed as such, DOE acknowledges that
some individuals may attempt to use inappropriate pumps to run
pressure-side cleaner applications. However, it is DOE's understanding
that pressure-side pool cleaners are designed to be paired with pumps
with specific characteristics (e.g., high head and low flow) and that
manufacturers all design and market specific pumps intended for this
application. DOE also notes that pumps without these specific
characteristics would not provide adequate utility in the pressure-side
pool application and manufacturers would recommend against the use of
such pumps with their pressure-side cleaners. Therefore, while DOE
acknowledges the concern of CA IOUs, DOE cannot control the actions of
installers who may select inappropriate pumps for pressure-side cleaner
applications, and DOE believes that all pumps appropriate for pressure-
side pool cleaner applications are currently specifically designed and
marketed as such. DOE will continue to monitor the market to ensure
that this continues to be the case and that all pumps appropriate for
pressure-side pool cleaner applications continue to be characterized as
pressure cleaner booster pumps in the future.
In response to the concerns of ASAP, NRDC, and CA IOUs regarding
the applicability of the designed and marketed definition to pumps that
may be marketed for a variety of applications, in addition to pressure-
side pool cleaner applications, DOE agrees with the commenters.
Specifically, all pumps designed and marketed for pressure-cleaner
booster applications should be treated as pressure cleaner booster
pumps, regardless of any other applications for which they may be
designed and marketed. DOE acknowledges that the definition of designed
and marketed that was presented in the preamble of the September 2016
DPPP test procedure NOPR (81 FR 64580, 64592) was slightly different
than that contained in the proposed regulatory text (Id. at 64647) and
may have created confusion regarding the applicability of the designed
and marketed definition. Specifically, in the preamble, DOE discussed
defining the term designed and marketed as meaning that the equipment
is exclusively designed to fulfill the indicated application and, when
distributed in commerce, is designated and marketed solely for that
application, with the designation on the packaging and all publicly
available documents (e.g., product literature, catalogs, and packaging
labels). Id. DOE notes that the definition presented in the preamble
was incorrect and the definition presented in the regulatory text on
page 64647 of the NOPR was the intended definition. DOE believes that
the definition contained in the regulatory text, which does not refer
to the exclusivity of the design or that the equipment would be solely
marketed for a specific purpose, is broader and inclusive of pumps that
would be designed and marketed for pressure-side cleaner applications
in addition to other applications. However, DOE agrees with ASAP, NRDC,
and CA IOUs, that removal of the term ``specifically'' would help
clarify this aspect of the definition. In addition, DOE agrees that
changing from ``all publicly available documents'' to ``any publicly
available documents'' best fulfills the intent of the definition, as
any marketing of a pump as a pressure cleaner booster pump would show
that the pump is intended to be treated as a pressure cleaner booster
pump.
Therefore, DOE is defining the term ``designed and marketed'' as
set forth in the regulatory text of this rule.
5. Storable and Rigid Electric Spa Pumps
In addition to swimming pools, dedicated-purpose pool pumps are
also used in spas to circulate and filter the water and operate water
jets. Similar to swimming pools, spas can range in size and
construction style. Specifically, spas can be portable or permanent
installations and can be constructed out of a variety of materials
depending on the installation.
[[Page 36871]]
Permanent, inground spas are typically constructed similar to small
inground pools and use the same pumps (i.e., self-priming pool filter
pumps described in section III.B.3.a) to operate the spa. Conversely,
for portable spas, a specific-purpose pump is typically distributed in
commerce with the portable spa that is specifically designed and
marketed for portable electric spa applications only. Such portable
electric spa applications can be further differentiated into two
general categories: Storable electric spas and rigid electric spas. A
storable electric spa refers to an inflatable or otherwise temporary
spa that can be collapsed or compacted into a storable unit. In
contrast, a rigid electric spa is constructed with rigid, typically
more durable, materials and cannot be collapsed or compacted for
storage.
In the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, consistent with the
recommendations of the DPPP Working Group (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-
0008, No. 51 Recommendation #4 at p. 3), DOE proposed definitions for
``storable electric spa pump'' and ``rigid electric spa pump'' to
effectively differentiate them from other varieties of pumps.
Specifically, DOE proposed to define ``storable electric spa pump'' as
a pump that is distributed in commerce with one or more of the
following: (1) An integral heater and (2) an integral air pump. DOE
also proposed to define ``rigid electric spa pump'' as an end suction
pump that does not contain an integrated basket strainer or require a
basket strainer for operation as stated in the manufacturer literature
provided with the pump, and meets the following three criteria: (1) Is
assembled with four through bolts that hold the motor rear endplate,
rear bearing, rotor, front bearing, front endplate, and the bare pump
together as an integral unit; (2) is constructed with buttress threads
at the inlet and discharge of the bare pump; and (3) uses a casing or
volute and connections constructed of a non-metallic material. 81 FR
64580, 64592-93 (Sept. 20, 2016).
DOE received no comments negative or positive related to the
proposed definitions for storable electric spa pump and rigid electric
spa pump. Therefore, DOE is adopting the definitions for these terms as
proposed in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR.
In addition, DOE notes that the definitions for storable electric
spa pump, as well as the definitions for integral cartridge-filter pool
pump and integral sand-filter pool pump (see section III.B.3.c), all
utilize the term ``integral'' as part of the definition. In support of
these definitions, the DPPP Working Group recommended a definition for
integral. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51 Recommendation #4
at p. 7) In the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE proposed
the definition recommended by the DPPP Working Group and proposed
defining the term ``integral'' as a part of the device that cannot be
removed without compromising the device's function or destroying the
physical integrity of the unit. 81 FR 64580, 64592-93 (Sept. 20, 2016).
DOE received no comments related to the proposed definition of the
term ``integral.'' Therefore, DOE is adopting the definition for
integral as proposed in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR.
6. Applicability of Test Procedure Based on Pump Configuration
In addition to specific definitions, the DPPP Working Group also
discussed and provided recommendations pertinent to the scope of
applicability of the DPPP test procedure. Ultimately, the DPPP Working
Group recommended that the scope of the test procedure be limited to
only the following specific varieties of dedicated-purpose pool pumps:
Self-priming pool filter pumps,
non-self-priming pool filter pumps,
waterfall pumps, and
pressure cleaner booster pumps.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51, Recommendations #1, #2A,
and #2B at pp. 1-2; Recommendation #6 at p. 5)
In addition, although not included in the December 2015 DPPP
Working Group recommendations, the DPPP Working Group discussed and
ultimately recommended not considering a test procedure or standards
for self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps with a rated
hydraulic horsepower \17\ greater than 2.5 hp. (Docket No. EERE-2015-
BT-STD-0008, No. 79 at pp. 33-54)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\17\ See section III.G.1 for a discussion of determination of
rated hydraulic horsepower.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The DPPP Working Group also recommended that the test procedure and
reporting requirements be applicable to all self-priming pool filter
pumps--both those served by single-phase power and those served by
three-phase power.\18\ (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 82
Recommendations #3 at p. 2) Consistent with the DPPP Working Group
recommendations, DOE proposed in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure
NOPR that the test procedure, sampling requirements, labeling, and
related provisions for dedicated-purpose pool pumps apply to all self-
priming pool filter pumps and non-self-priming pool filter pumps less
than 2.5 rated hydraulic horsepower, as well as waterfall pumps and
pressure cleaner booster pumps, regardless of the phase of the supplied
power with which they are intended to be used. 81 FR 64580, 64593
(Sept. 20, 2016).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\18\ The Working Group recommended that the scope of standards
for self-priming pool filter pumps only apply to self-priming pool
filter pumps served by single-phase power, while the recommended
test procedure and reporting requirements would still be applicable
to all self-priming pool filter pumps--both those served by single-
phase power and those served by three-phase power.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Consistent with the December 2015 DPPP Working Group
recommendations, in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE
also proposed definitions for rigid-electric and storable-electric spa
pumps as a variety of dedicated-purpose pool pump in this test
procedure final rule, but DOE did not propose test procedures or
reporting requirements for them.
In the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE also
specifically proposed to exclude submersible pumps from the scope of
the DPPP test procedure and proposed defining a ``submersible pump'' as
a pump that is designed to be operated with the motor and bare pump
fully submerged in the pumped liquid. 81 FR 64580, 64594 (Sept. 20,
2016).
In written comments, CEC expressed support of DOE's proposal to set
the scope of the test procedure rulemaking to include self-priming and
non-self-priming pool filter pumps, waterfall pool pumps, and pressure
cleaner booster pumps. (CEC, No. 7 at p. 2) DOE appreciates CEC's
support.
In response to DOE's proposal regarding the applicability of the
proposed test procedure to dedicated-purpose pool pumps served by both
single- and three-phase power, Hayward and APSP requested clarification
as to the scope of the rule and specifically if it included three-phase
dedicated-purpose pool pumps. (Hayward, No. 6 at p. 4; APSP, No. 8 at
p. 5) Nidec supported the DPPP Working Group's recommendation that any
potential energy conservation standards would only apply to dedicated-
purpose pool pumps served by single-phase power. However, Nidec
recommended that the test procedure and reporting requirements only
apply to dedicated-purpose pool pumps served by single-phase power.
Nidec stated that three-
[[Page 36872]]
phase motors used with dedicated-purpose pool pumps are very energy
efficient and are already regulated. Nidec suggested that three-phase
dedicated-purpose pool pumps and related motors should not need further
testing nor reporting requirements. (Nidec, No. 10 at p. 3)
In response to Hayward and APSP's request for clarification, DOE
clarifies that, as noted previously and discussed in the September 2016
DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE's proposed test procedure would apply to
self-priming pool filter pumps and non-self-priming pool filter pumps
less than 2.5 rated hydraulic horsepower, as well as waterfall pumps
and pressure cleaner booster pumps, served by both single-phase power
or three-phase power. In response to Nidec's comments regarding the
applicability of the proposed DOE test procedure to three-phase
equipment, DOE believes that the applicability of the DPPP test
procedure proposed in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR is
consistent with the intent of the DPPP Working Group exhibited in the
June 2016 DPPP Working Group recommendations, where the Working Group
recommended that the test procedure and reporting requirements would be
applicable to all self-priming pool filter pumps served by single- and
three-phase power. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 82,
Recommendation #3 at p. 2) Although the June 2016 DPPP Working Group
recommendations reference only self-priming pool filter pumps, there is
no reason why DOE's proposed DPPP test procedure would not be
applicable to other varieties of dedicated-purpose pool pumps served by
single- or three-phase power. In addition, the DPPP Working Group did
not recommend restricting the scope of standards for any of the other
DPPP varieties based on the phase of power with which it is intended to
be used. However, DOE agrees with Nidec that three-phase motors may
already be regulated under existing DOE test procedures and energy
conservation standards for electric motors and small electric motors.
As discussed further in section III.G.1.b, in this final rule, DOE is
limiting the test methods for motor horsepower metrics (i.e., DPPP
nominal motor horsepower, DPPP service factor, and DPPP motor total
horsepower) to single-phase motors because testing and rating of three-
phase motors is already regulated by DOE.
DOE agrees that, as stated by Nidec, the applicability of the DPPP
test procedure and standards recommended by the DPPP Working Group
differ slightly with respect to dedicated-purpose pool pumps that are
supplied by single-phase versus three-phase power. Specifically, the
DPPP Working Group recommended that the scope of standards for self-
priming pool filter pumps only apply to self-priming pool filter pumps
served by single-phase power, while the recommended test procedure and
reporting requirements would still be applicable to all self-priming
pool filter pumps--both those served by single-phase power and those
served by three-phase power. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 82
Recommendations #3 at p. 2)
In response to the scope of test procedure and metric applicability
proposed by DOE in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, Pentair
and APSP commented that some form of differentiation or exclusion
should be established for dedicated-purpose pool pumps with nominal
motor horsepower greater than 3 hp. Pentair suggested that the metric,
as proposed in the NOPR, potentially limits a manufacturer's ability to
develop an optimal solution for these lower head hydraulic systems,
because these pumps are typically applied to pools with larger plumbing
and do not typically operate on curve C. Pentair claimed that as a
result, these larger pumps will be eliminated from the market.
(Pentair, No. 11, at p. 2; APSP, No 8 at pp. 3-4)
As discussed previously in this section, the DPPP Working Group, of
which Pentair was a member, recommended that the scope of the test
procedure be limited to self- and non-self-priming pool filter pumps,
waterfall pumps, and pressure cleaner booster pumps. (Docket No. EERE-
2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51, Recommendations #1, #2A, and #2B at pp. 1-2;
Recommendation #6 at p. 5) In the December 2015 DPPP Working Group
recommendations, the DPPP Working Group discussed and ultimately
recommended not considering a test procedure or standards for self-
priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps with a rated hydraulic
horsepower greater than 2.5 hp. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No.
79 at pp. 33-54) However, the DPPP Working Group did not recommend any
other test procedure differentiation or exclusions based on nominal
motor horsepower, nor did the DPPP Working Group ask DOE to pursue such
action. Therefore, the test procedure and standards recommended by the
DPPP Working Group were intended to be applicable to self-priming and
non-self-priming pool filter pumps with rated hydraulic horsepower less
than or equal to 2.5 hp, which include some pool filter pumps with a
nominal motor horsepower greater than 3 hp,\19\ which are typically
installed into applications with larger plumbing, for which the test
procedure would not be representative. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-
0008, No. 94 at pp. 38-53; Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 95 at
pp. 176-194; Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 79 at pp. 39-40, 47-
48) In response to Pentair and APSP, DOE notes that Pentair and APSP
did not introduce any new data indicating that the cutoff should
actually be a nominal motor horsepower of 3 hp; rather they simply
indicated this was due to larger plumbing systems not on curve C, which
the Working Group already considered in making its cutoff selection.
Finally, the introduction of an exclusion for pumps with greater than 3
nominal motor horsepower opens a significant circumvention loophole
risk. For example, manufacturers of pumps with 3 nominal motor
horsepower could decide to slightly increase the capacity of the motor
(with no change to the bare pump), in order to avoid being subject the
test procedure and energy conservation standards. Such a change on
nominal horsepower would have little impact on the utility or
production cost of such a pump. Alternatively, any change to a pump's
hydraulic horsepower rating will directly impact end-user utility
(i.e., flow and head). Consequently, DOE reaffirms its conclusion that
hydraulic horsepower, rather than motor horsepower, should be used to
define the upper scope limit, as hydraulic horsepower is more directly
tied to end-user utility (i.e., flow and head) than motor horsepower.
For these reasons, DOE is not adopting an alternative scope limitation
in this final rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\19\ Nominal motor horsepower is approximately equivalent to the
rated hydraulic horsepower divided by the pump efficiency and the
motor efficiency of the dedicated-purpose pool pump.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE did not receive any other comments regarding the definition of
submersible pump, or the general scope of applicability of the
September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR. Consequently, in this final
rule, DOE is adopting test methods for all self-priming pool filter
pumps and non-self-priming pool filter pumps less than 2.5 rated
hydraulic horsepower, as well as waterfall pumps and pressure cleaner
booster pumps, including pumps served by both single- and three-phase
power, with the exclusion of submersible pumps. The specific test
methods for each of the applicable DPPP varieties are discussed in more
detail in section III.D.
[[Page 36873]]
7. Definitions Related to Dedicated-Purpose Pool Pump Speed
Configurations and Controls
In addition to definitions of dedicated-purpose pool pump and the
specific DPPP varieties, DOE also proposed in the September 2016 DPPP
test procedure NOPR to establish definitions to further differentiate
certain varieties of dedicated-purpose pool pumps, based on the speed
configuration of the motor and/or the presence of controls on the DPPP
model as distributed in commerce. These definitions are discussed in
section III.B.7.a. For dedicated-purpose pool pumps distributed in
commerce with applicable pool pump controls, DOE also proposed a
definition for ``freeze protection controls.'' This is discussed in
section III.B.7.b.
a. DPPP Speed Configurations
In the June 2016 DPPP Working Group recommendations, the DPPP
Working Group recommended definitions for the following DPPP speed
configurations: Single-speed, two-speed, multi-speed, and variable-
speed. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 82, Recommendation #5A at
p. 3) In the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE proposed
adopting the DPPP Working Group's recommended definitions with a few
minor modifications for clarity and consistency. 81 FR 64580, 64594-97
(Sept. 20, 2016). Specifically, DOE proposed the following definitions
for single-speed, two-speed, multi-speed, and variable-speed dedicated-
purpose pool pump:
Single-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump means a
dedicated-purpose pool pump that is capable of operating at only one
speed.
Two-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump means a dedicated-
purpose pool pump that is capable of operating at only two different
pre-determined operating speeds, where the low operating speed is less
than or equal to half of the maximum operating speed and greater than
zero, and must be distributed in commerce either: (1) With a pool pump
control (i.e., variable speed drive and user interface or switch) that
is capable of changing the speed in response to user preferences; or
(2) Without a pool pump control that has the capability to change speed
in response to user preferences, but without which the pump is unable
to operate without the presence of such a pool pump control.
Multi-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump means a dedicated-
purpose pool pump that is capable of operating at more than two
discrete pre-determined operating speeds separated by speed increments
greater than 100 rpm, where the lowest speed is less than or equal to
half of the maximum operating speed and greater than zero, and must be
distributed in commerce with an on-board pool pump control (i.e.,
variable speed drive and user interface or programmable switch) that
changes the speed in response to pre-programmed user preferences and
allows the user to select the duration of each speed and/or the on/off
times.
Variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump means a
dedicated-purpose pool pump that is capable of operating at a variety
of user-determined speeds, where all the speeds are separated by at
most 100 rpm increments over the operating range and the lowest
operating speed is less than or equal to one-third of the maximum
operating speed and greater than zero. Such a pump must include a
variable speed drive and be distributed in commerce either: (1) With a
user interface that changes the speed in response to pre-programmed
user preferences and allows the user to select the duration of each
speed and/or the on/off times; or (2) without a user interface but be
unable to operate without the presence of a user interface.
81 FR 64580, 64647-48 (Sept. 20, 2016).
DOE's proposed definitions enable each speed configuration to be
identified based on (1) the number of operating speeds available to the
pump; (2) the minimum operating speed, or turn-down ratio,\20\ of the
pump; (3) the pump's ability to connect to a pool pump control; and/or
(4) the characteristics of that pool pump control. The pool pump
control varieties, pool pump control operating characteristics, and
requirements regarding the inclusion of pool pump controls applicable
to each DPPP speed configuration, as proposed in the September 2016
DPPP test procedure NOPR, are summarized in Table III.2.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\20\ The turn-down ratio for multi-speed pumps, including two-
speed pumps, describes the ability of the pump to decrease speed
relative to the maximum operating speed and is calculated as the
maximum operating speed over the minimum operating speed of the
pump.
Table III.2--Summary of Applicable Pool Pump Control Varieties and Related Proposed Requirements for Each DPPP
Speed Configuration
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Inclusion of pool pump
DPPP speed configuration definition Applicable pool pump Pool pump control must controls as distributed
control varieties be pre-programmable in commerce
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Two-Speed............................ Variable speed No..................... Included.
drive and user
interface or
Switch........
Multi-Speed.......................... Variable speed Yes.................... Included and on-board.
drive and user
interface or
Switch........
Variable-Speed....................... Variable speed Yes.................... Included or DPPP model
drive and user cannot operate without
interface being installed with
such controls.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CEC, in written comments, supported DOE's proposal to establish
definitions for single-speed, two-speed, multi-speed, and variable
speed pool filter pumps. (CEC, No. 7 at p. 2) DOE appreciates the
support of CEC.
In response to DOE's proposed definitions for two-speed dedicated-
purpose pool pump, Hayward suggested a modification to the definitional
requirement that two-speed dedicated-purpose pool pumps not be able to
operate at high speed without the requisite control, instead of not
able to operate at all. That is, instead of being unable to operate
entirely, two-speed dedicated-purpose pool pumps could be allowed to
function at a default low-speed if they are operated without an
appropriate pool pump control.
[[Page 36874]]
(Hayward, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 3 at pp. 21, 26-27) In
response to Hayward's suggestion, CA IOUs stated their support for
DOE's originally proposed provision that does not allow a two-speed
dedicated-purpose pool pump be considered a two-speed pump unless it is
unable to operate without an appropriate pool pump control. (CA IOUs,
Public Meeting Transcript, No. 3 at p. 26-27)
In response to Hayward's suggestion regarding the definition of
two-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump, DOE agrees with CA IOUs that the
proposed modification is not consistent with the recommendations of the
DPPP Working Group. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 82,
Recommendation #5A at p. 3) The specific wording of the DPPP speed
configuration definitions were discussed at length and in significant
detail during the DPPP Working Group negotiations and, if fact, were
part of the final negotiation of standard levels. (Docket No. EERE-
2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 91 at pp. 141-183; Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-
0008, No. 92 at pp. 215-222) Specifically, certain members of the DPPP
Working Group voiced concern that if two-speed dedicated-purpose pool
pumps were distributed in commerce without any form of control and were
capable of being operated without such a control, there would be a
significant risk that such pumps would not be paired with an applicable
pool pump control in the field and would not achieve the performance
and potential energy savings represented by the WEF metric. (Docket No.
EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 91 at pp. 141-183) DOE believes that if a
two-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump is capable of operating, even at
low speed, without an applicable pool pump control, this significantly
increases the risk that two-speed pool filter pumps would be installed
and operated without an appropriate control. As the two-speed
dedicated-purpose pool pump test points presume a low flow and high
flow test point, the two-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump test
procedure is only appropriate and representative of two-speed
dedicated-purpose pool pumps with controls that enable operation at
both speeds. Therefore, to ensure that the test points and resultant
WEF metric for two-speed dedicated-purpose pool pumps is representative
of actual performance of the equipment in the field, DOE is adopting
the definition for two-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump proposed in
the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR. Furthermore, DOE notes
that the two-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump definition does not
restrict DPPP manufacturers from producing a pump that has two
operating speeds and can only be operated at low speed without an
appropriate control, as described by Hayward. However, in such a case
the pump would not meet the definition of two-speed dedicated-purpose
pool pump and, therefore, would be tested and subject to standards
based on the single-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump test points. See
section D.1 for more discussion regarding the specific test points for
the different DPPP speed configurations.
In response to DOE's definition of a two-speed dedicated-purpose
pool pump, Hayward and APSP also requested clarification regarding the
meaning of the phrase ``unable to operate.'' (Hayward, No. 6 at pp. 2;
APSP, No. 8 at p. 3) DOE clarifies that the phrase ``unable to
operate'' means that the pump is non-operational and could not be used
to circulate water in a pool. That is, the pump is unable to provide
any flow or head, and consumes no energy.
Hayward and APSP also requested a better definition of the term
``pool pump control.'' Hayward and APSP both commented that the two-
speed dedicated-purpose pool pump definition includes a parenthetical
``(i.e., variable speed drive and user interface or switch)'' that
implies the only two options for a pool pump control are a switch or a
variable speed drive and user interface. (Hayward, No. 6 at pp. 2;
APSP, No. 8 at p. 3)
DOE recognizes that the use of the abbreviation ``i.e.'' \21\ was
used in error, and may have caused confusion. DOE's intent was to use
the abbreviation ``e.g.,'' \22\ which would signify that a variable
speed drive and a user interface or switch were just two examples of
possible technologies. That said, the phrase ``pool pump control'' is
not explicitly defined in this final rule and a pool pump control is
not limited to the two options used as examples. DOE interprets the
phrase ``pool pump control'' as a general term that encompasses any
technology that is capable of changing the speed in response to user
preferences. To clarify DOE's original intent, DOE has modified the
definition of two-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump to replace ``i.e.''
with ``e.g.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\21\ Latin for ``id est.'' Meaning ``that is.'' http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/i.e.
\22\ Latin for ``exempli gratia.'' Meaning ``for example.''
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/e.g.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Similarly, Davey commented that the proposed definition for
variable-speed dedicated purpose pool pumps may hinder innovation of
pump products that do not require additional controllers. For example,
Davey suggested that a dedicated-purpose pool pump, with no pool pump
control, but which enables the user to set a duration of operation at
high speed and then default to low speed operation might improve
efficiency. Davey also noted that, under the proposed definition of
variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump, a user could program the
pump to run at the highest speed all the time. (Davey, No. 5 at pp. 2-
3)
DOE notes that Davey's comment describes a configuration where a
pump is capable of operating at a high speed and a low speed and is
capable of programming the duration of each speed in response to user
preferences. Such a configuration would meet the proposed definition of
a two-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump. As described above, DOE
proposed that a two-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump be defined as a
dedicated-purpose pool pump that is capable of operating at only two
different, pre-determined operating speeds, where the low operating
speed is less than or equal to half of the maximum operating speed and
greater than zero, and must be distributed in commerce either: (1) With
a pool pump control (i.e., variable speed drive and user interface or
switch) that sets the speed in response to user preferences or (2)
without a pool pump control that has such capability but is unable to
operate without the presence of such a pool pump control. 81 FR 64580,
64594 (Sept. 20, 2016). As noted previously, DOE, in this final rule,
is altering the definition to refer to the variable speed drive and
user interface or switch as illustrative examples with the term
``e.g.'' and any pool pump control capable of operating in the manner
described in the definition would meet DOE's definition of two-speed
dedicated-purpose pool pump, regardless of the control's technology.
The DPPP Working Group discussed the definition of variable-speed
dedicated-purpose pool filter pumps, and took care to craft a
definition that is sufficiently broad so as to not restrict innovation.
Working Group members agreed that the definition should not specify
whether the pool pump controller is attached to or detached from the
motor, and the definition should not specify whether the control is
sold with the pump or sold separately from the pump. (Docket No. EERE-
2015-BT-STD-008, No. 91 at pp. 164-166) Based on recommendations from
[[Page 36875]]
the DPPP Working Group, DOE proposed that a variable-speed drive be
defined as equipment capable of varying the speed of the motor. 81 FR
64580, 64596 (Sept. 20, 2016) This definition is very broad, and it
only limits the available technologies to the extent that is required
to describe the utility inherent in a variable-speed dedicated purpose
pool pump. Similarly, the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR
implicitly defines a user interface as a device that changes the speed
in response to pre-programmed user preferences and allows the user to
select the duration of each speed and/or the on/off times. 81 FR 64580,
64595 (Sept. 20, 2016) This definition is also broad, and is only
limited to the extent necessary to capture the required functionality
of variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool pumps. Based on these points,
DOE believes that the definition of a variable-speed dedicated-purpose
pool filter pump is sufficiently broad to allow a range of technologies
and innovative approaches, while ensuring that any such technologies
would still provide the utility of a variable-speed dedicated-purpose
pool pump consistent with the intent of the DPPP Working Group.
DOE understands that equipment covered by standards change as
manufacturers add new features to their products and update their
designs. DOE will monitor the DPPP market for changes in equipment and
technology. In the future, DOE may amend the definitions of any of DPPP
varieties or speed configurations, or include new varieties of
dedicated-purpose pool pumps, if necessary. In the meantime,
manufacturers may apply for a test procedure waiver if they develop a
pump that meets the intent of the variable-speed DPPP definition but
does not meet all of the definition's criteria. In general, any
interested party may submit a petition for a test procedure waiver for
a basic model of a covered product if the basic model's design prevents
it from being tested according to the test procedures or cause the
prescribed test procedures to evaluate the basic model in a manner so
unrepresentative of its true energy consumption characteristics as to
provide materially inaccurate comparative data. Additional details on
the petition for waiver process are available at 10 CFR 431.401 and at
http://energy.gov/eere/buildings/test-procedure-waivers.
In addition, in reviewing the proposed definitions, DOE also
noticed that the proposed definition for two-speed dedicated-purpose
pool pump was grammatically incorrect. In this final rule, DOE is
correcting the grammatical error, which does not affect the intent or
substance of the definition. Specifically, the proposed definition
contained the final clause ``but without which the pump is unable to
operate without the presence of such a pool pump control,'' which this
final rule adopts as modified to read ``but is unable to operate
without the presence of such a pool pump control'' in this final rule.
Similarly, in reviewing the variable-speed DPPP definition, DOE
noticed that the last phrase refers generically to a ``user interface''
when it is intended to refer to a user interface with specific
characteristics and capabilities, as referenced in the previous clause
in the definition. Therefore, in this final rule, DOE is modifying the
definition to clarify that the definition is, in all places, referring
to a user interface that changes the speed in response to pre-
programmed user preferences and allows the user to select the duration
of each speed and/or the on/off times. This ensures that the two
clauses in the definition are mutually exclusive. DOE is also updated
the terminology in the second clause to be grammatically correct,
consistent with the definition of two-speed dedicated-purpose pool
pump. That is, DOE adopts a definition with the final clause in the
definition to read ``without a user interface that changes the speed in
response to pre-programmed user preferences and allows the user to
select the duration of each speed and/or the on/off times, but is
unable to operate without the presence of a user interface.''
In addition to proposing definitions of the various DPPP speed
configurations, in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE
proposed to define variable-speed drive to mean equipment capable of
varying the speed of the motor. 81 FR 64580, 64594-64597 (Sept. 20,
2016). This definition was intended to clarify and support the proposed
definitions for two-speed, multi-speed, and variable-speed dedicated-
purpose pool pump.
DOE received no comments regarding the proposed definition of
variable-speed drive. Therefore, DOE is adopting the definition for
variable speed drive as proposed in the September 2016 DPPP test
procedure NOPR.
b. Freeze Protection Controls
DPPP Working Group recommended additional prescriptive requirements
for dedicated-purpose pool pumps distributed in commerce with ``freeze
protection controls.'' (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 82,
Recommendation #6A at p. 4). Freeze protection controls are controls
that, at a certain ambient temperature, turn on the dedicated-purpose
pool pump to circulate water for a period of time to prevent the pool
and water in plumbing from freezing. These prescriptive freeze control
requirements are discussed in section III.H.
To identify dedicated-purpose pool pumps with freeze protection
controls, DOE proposed in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR
to define freeze protection controls as pool pump controls that, at a
certain ambient temperature, turn on the dedicated-purpose pool pump to
circulate water for a period of time to prevent the pool and water in
plumbing from freezing. 81 FR 64580, 64597 (Sept. 20, 2016).
DOE received no comments related to the proposed definition of
freeze protection controls. Therefore, DOE is adopting the definition
of freeze protection controls as proposed in the September 2016 DPPP
test procedure NOPR. DOE did receive comments related to the proposed
test method for verifying the presence and operation of freeze
protection controls, which are discussed in section III.K.3.
8. Basic Model
For purposes of certification, compliance, and enforcement, DOE
generally applies its energy conservation standards to ``basic models''
of consumer products and commercial and industrial equipment. For the
purposes of applying the DPPP regulations, DOE proposed in the
September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR to define what constitutes a
``basic model'' of a dedicated-purpose pool pump. 81 FR 64580, 64597
(Sept. 20, 2016). Applying this basic model concept allows
manufacturers to group similar models within a basic model to minimize
testing burden, while ensuring that key variables that differentiate
DPPP energy performance and/or utility are maintained as separate basic
models.
In the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE proposed
adopting only the provisions of the current pump basic model definition
that are applicable to dedicated-purpose pool pumps, which includes all
units of a given product or equipment type (or class thereof)
manufactured by one manufacturer, having the same primary energy
source, and having essentially identical electrical, physical, and
functional (or hydraulic) characteristics that affect energy
consumption, energy efficiency, water consumption, or water efficiency.
81 FR 64580, 64597 (Sept. 20, 2016). Procedurally, to apply the basic
model concept to dedicated-
[[Page 36876]]
purpose pool pumps, DOE proposed to amend the definition of ``basic
model'' for pumps that currently exists at 10 CFR 431.462, as
established in the January 2016 general pumps test procedure final rule
to also accommodate dedicated-purpose pool pumps. 81 FR 4086 (Jan. 25,
2016). The current pumps basic model definition contains several
specific accommodations regarding number of stages for multistage pumps
and trimmed impellers and is applicable only to those general pumps
that were the subject of the January 2016 general pumps test procedure
final rule. Consequently, DOE proposed amending the definition to
clarify that the multistage pump and trimmed impeller provisions were
only applicable to pumps subject to the test procedure established in
the January 2016 general pumps test procedure final rule. 81 FR 64580,
64597 (Sept. 20, 2016).
In response to DOE's proposed definition of basic model for
dedicated-purpose pool pumps, DOE received several comments regarding
how different individual models could be grouped under the basic model
provisions. Waterway commented that sometimes a single individual model
has identical functional characteristics to several other individual
models, and asked whether such individual models may be grouped within
the basic model. (Waterway, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 3 at p. 95)
In response to Waterway's comment, as discussed in the September
2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR public meeting, models that have
identical electrical, physical, and functional (or hydraulic)
characteristics that affect energy consumption, energy efficiency,
water consumption, or water efficiency, fall within the same basic
model for the purposes of DOE certification, even if they have
different unique model numbers in the manufacturer's catalogue. In such
a case, a manufacturer would just list all the unique individual model
numbers to which a given basic model certification applied in the
certification report submitted to DOE. (See section III.K.2 for more
information on certification reporting requirements.)
Pentair expressed concern regarding using a basic model in
certifying products to DOE, stating that, in the ENERGY STAR database,
when models are grouped under a single certification, utilities often
do not recognize models that do not appear in the main column listing
the basic models. Pentair stated that this makes it necessary to list
each unit separately in the ENERGY STAR database, even if the
performance is similar. (Pentair, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 3 at
pp. 32-33)
In response to Pentair's comment, DOE notes that it is at the
manufacturer's discretion to group individual models into a single
basic model to reduce testing and certification burden or to test and
certify each individual model as a unique basic model. Regardless of
whether a manufacturer chooses to group individual models into a basic
model for purposes of certification, the manufacturer would still be
required to specify in its certification the individual model numbers
that fall within the basic model certified, and any representations
regarding an individual model made in a certification report must be
consistent with representation as to that individual model made to
ENERGY STAR.
Hayward inquired if the same wet end is used within a family, but
the horsepower of the motor and impeller size changes, such individual
models could be grouped within the same basic model. (Hayward, Public
Meeting Transcript, No. 3 at pp. 31-32) Hayward and APSP also requested
clarity on the verbiage of the definition as well as examples from
other products. Hayward and APSP asked whether the same product but
with a different name or label for specific customers would be the same
``basic model.'' Finally, Hayward and APSP requested elaboration on
whether a single or multi-stage pump within the same performance
category and WEF criteria are considered within the same basic model.
(Hayward, No. 6 at p. 2; APSP, No.8 at p. 4)
In response to Hayward and APSP's inquiry, DOE notes that,
consistent with DOE's practice with other products and equipment, DPPP
manufacturers may elect to group individual pump models that are
similar, but not identical, into the same basic model to reduce testing
burden, provided all representations regarding the energy use of pumps
within that basic model are identical and based on the most consumptive
unit. See 76 FR 12422, 12423 (March 7, 2011).\23\ However, all
individual models represented by the same basic model must be in the
same equipment class.\24\ DOE notes that because standards recommended
by the DPPP Working Group in the June 2016 DPPP Working Group
recommendations and adopted by DOE in the January 2017 DPPP DFR
differentiate and assign different standards to dedicated-purpose pool
pumps based on their rated hydraulic horsepower, this limits the
ability of manufacturers to group individual DPPP models that vary in
capacity. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, Recommendation #1, No. 82
at p. 1; 82 FR 5650, 5743) DOE agrees with Hayward and APSP that a
product with different names or labels that is otherwise the same could
be grouped within a basic model. Examples from other products and
equipment include appliances with varying finishes grouped into one
basic model; refrigerators with varying door opening sides grouped into
one basic model, or air conditioners of varying voltages grouped into
one basic model. DOE notes that the example related to all stage
versions of a multi-stage pump being required to be in the same basic
model is a specific requirement for general pumps that DOE does not
apply to dedicated-purpose pool pumps.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\23\ These provisions allow manufacturers to group individual
models with essentially identical, but not exactly the same, energy
performance characteristics into a basic model to reduce testing
burden. Under DOE's certification requirements, all the individual
models within a basic model identified in a certification report as
being the same basic model must have the same certified efficiency
rating and use the same test data underlying the certified rating.
The compliance, certification, and enforcement (CCE) final rule also
establishes that the efficiency rating of a basic model must be
based on the least efficient or most energy consuming individual
model (i.e., put another way, all individual models within a basic
model must be at least as energy efficient as the certified rating).
76 FR at 12428-29 (March 7, 2011).
\24\ DOE believes this is what Hayward is referring to in their
comment when they refer to ``performance category and WEF
criteria.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
No additional comments were received pertaining to DOE's proposal
to adopt the general provisions of the general pumps basic model
definition. Therefore, DOE is adopting the changes to the definition of
basic model in 10 CFR 431.462, as proposed in the September 2016 DPPP
test procedure NOPR.
C. Rating Metric
Overall, the key objectives of any DPPP metric are that it (1) be
objectively measurable, (2) be representative of the energy use or
energy efficiency of dedicated-purpose pool pumps, (3) provide an
equitable differentiation of performance among different DPPP models
and technologies, (4) be able to compare the energy efficiency of a
given DPPP model to a minimum standard level, and (5) provide the
necessary and sufficient information for purchasers to make informed
decisions regarding DPPP selection.
As described in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, the
DPPP Working Group focused on defining a performance-based metric that
is similar to the energy factor (EF) metric currently used to describe
DPPP
[[Page 36877]]
performance by many existing programs,\25\ but that also accounts for
the potential energy savings of equipment with multiple operating
speeds. 81 FR 64580, 64597-64601 (Sept. 20, 2016). Ultimately, the DPPP
Working Group recommended using the WEF, which is defined as the ratio
of the volumetric flow provided by the pump, divided by the input power
to the pump, at one or more load points, where these load points are
selected depending on the specific DPPP variety and speed
configuration, as shown in equation (1). The specific load points and
weights for each DPPP variety are discussed in section III.D.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\25\ As described in the September 2016 DPPP TP NOPR, EF is used
by California Title 20, APSP, and ENERGY STAR to describe DPPP
performance. 81 FR 64580, 64598-64600 (Sept. 20, 2016).
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR07AU17.000
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Where:
WEF = weighted energy factor in kgal/kWh;
wi = weighting factor at each load point i;
Qi = flow at each load point i in gpm;
Pi = input power to the motor (or controls, if present)
at each load point i in W;
i = load point(s), defined uniquely for each DPPP variety; and
n = number of load point(s), defined uniquely for each speed
configuration.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51 Recommendation #5 at p. 4)
DOE agrees with the DPPP Working Group that the recommended WEF
metric, as shown in equation (1), provides a representative, objective,
and informative characterization of DPPP performance. Consequently, in
the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE proposed to adopt the
WEF metric as the performance-based metric for representing the energy
performance of certain styles of dedicated-purpose pool pumps.
In the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE requested
feedback on the proposed metric. CEC stated in written comments that
CEC supported DOE's proposal to establish a weighted energy factor
metric. (CEC, No. 7 at p. 2)
APSP and Hayward commented that they believe that equation (1) in
the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR (81 FR 64580, 64600),\26\
which is used to determine WEF, does not correctly result in the
weighting of energy factors at the specified load points. (APSP, No. 8
at p. 4; Hayward, No. 6 at pp. 2-3) Instead, APSP and Hayward proposed
using the following equation (2), with all variables as defined
previously:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\26\ Equation (1) in the September 2016 DPPP TP NOPR is
identical to equation (1) in this document.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR07AU17.001
DOE responds that equation (1), as published in the September 2016
DPPP test procedure NOPR, correctly describes the efficiency of DPPP
equipment and aligns with the recommendation of the DPPP Working Group.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51, Recommendation #5 at p. 4)
DOE notes that the DPPP Working Group evaluated both methods of
calculating WEF, both the proposed equation (1) and equation (2), as
recommended by APSP and Hayward. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008 No.
49 at pp. 6-9; Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008 No. 56 at pp. 24-60)
The DPPP Working Group ultimately chose to use equation (1) because it
is more representative of the energy savings to the customer. (Docket
No. EERE-2015-STD-0008 No. 50 at p. 3) Equation (2) is a weighting of
the EF values, which results in an exaggeration of the benefits of
multi-speed and variable-speed technologies, while equation (1) is a
ratio of the amount of water pumped over the amount of energy consumed
over a given period of time in real-world applications. (Docket No.
EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008 No. 56 at pp. 29, 38, 60) That is,
mathematically, weighting the EF values directly, as shown in equation
(2), results in a weighted average of the flow values in the numerator,
but equal weighting of the denominator values, meaning the flow at high
speed is given more weight than the associated power value at high
speed. To illustrate this, the calculation of WEF, with both equations,
for a two-speed, multi-speed, or variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool
pump with both a low speed and high speed test point is shown in
equation (3).
[[Page 36878]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR07AU17.002
Conversely, equation (1) correctly accounts for the amount of power
it takes to provide a given amount of flow. That is, equation (1)
reflects the more realistic case where a pump provides a low flow rate
for an associated amount of power during a portion of the day and a
high flow rate for an associate amount of power during another portion
of the day. If one were to calculate the ``total daily WEF,'' one would
sum the flow rates throughout the day and the power consumption
throughout the day and take a ratio of the two; both power and flow
values would be weighted according to their proportional use during the
day. Therefore, equation (1) is more representative of the energy
efficiency of dedicated-purpose pool pumps over a typical cycle of use.
During the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR public meeting,
CA IOUs inquired about including standby power as part of the metric
for dedicated-purpose pool pumps. (CA IOUs, Public Meeting Transcript,
No. 3 at pp. 91-92) In response to CA IOUs inquiry, DOE explained that
standby power was discussed during the DPPP Working Group meetings and,
ultimately, the DPPP Working Group decided not to include standby power
in the WEF metric due to the negligible impact any standby power
measurements would have on the final WEF value. (Docket No. EERE-2015-
BT-STD-0008, No. 95 at pp. 229-30) Consistent with the DPPP Working
Group recommendations, DOE did not propose to include standby power
measurements nor reporting in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure
NOPR. While DOE appreciates that some dedicated-purpose pool pumps with
controls will consume standby power in their idle state and the desire
to minimize this energy consumption, DOE does not believe the
additional burden associated with dedicated testing and reporting
requirements would be justified. Specifically, testing of standby power
for dedicated-purpose pool pumps would require an additional test
method and may require different or more specialized power measurement
equipment to accurately capture the low power during standby operation.
Furthermore, as the DPPP Working Group did not recommend specific
requirements for standby energy consumption, such testing would only be
informative and would not be necessary to determine compliance of
dedicated-purpose pool pumps. DOE does not believe the additional
burden associated with establishing test requirements to measure
standby energy use of dedicated-purpose pool pumps is justified at this
time. Therefore, in this final rule, DOE is not adopting testing or
reporting requirements for standby power of dedicated-purpose pool
pumps.
In addition to WEF, in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR,
DOE also proposed an optional test method for EF at multiple speeds
and/or system curves and to allow manufacturers and industry to
continue to describe the energy performance of dedicated-purpose pool
pumps using the EF metric. 81 FR 64580, 64627-64628 (Sept. 20, 2016).
DOE typically only includes one primary energy metric, the DOE metric
that is used for the energy conservation standards, in the test
procedure to ensure standardization of efficiency representations
throughout the industry and eliminates potential confusion in the
market place if multiple non-equivalent metrics are used to describe
the same piece of equipment. However, in this specific case, DOE
departed from typical practice due to the interest expressed in the use
of the EF metric during the DPPP Working Group negotiations. DOE notes
that, as discussed in more detail in section III.F, representations of
EF will only be allowed until July 19, 2021, the compliance date of
standards for dedicated-purpose pool pumps and, if made, must be
accompanied by a representation of the DOE metric, WEF.
D. Test Methods for Different DPPP Categories and Configurations
As discussed in section III.C, DOE will characterize the
performance of dedicated-purpose pool pumps according to the WEF. Due
to differences in equipment design and typical use profiles, the DPPP
Working Group recommended that unique weights and load points be
specified for each DPPP variety and pump speed configuration. Based on
the recommendations of the DPPP Working Group, in the September 2016
DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE proposed unique load points for the
various speed configurations (e.g., single-speed, two-speed, multi-
speed, or variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool pumps) of self-priming
and non-self-priming pool filter pumps with a rated hydraulic
horsepower less than 2.5 hp (section III.D.1). DOE also proposed unique
load points for waterfall pumps (section 0) and pressure cleaner
booster pumps (section III.D.3), each of which reference only a single
load point. 81 FR 64580, 64601-64602 (Sept. 20, 2016). The load points
for self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps, waterfall
pumps, and pressure cleaner booster pumps are discussed in the
subsequent sections.
1. Self-Priming and Non-Self-Priming Pool Filter Pumps
As noted in section III.B.3.a, self-priming and non-self-priming
pool filter pumps have different construction characteristics and
potentially different applications. However, during the Working Group
meetings, the DPPP Working Group discussed how the performance of these
two different varieties of pumps is comparable in most instances.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 57 at pp. 329-331) Therefore, to
provide comparable ratings between self-priming and non-self-priming
pool filter pumps, the DPPP Working Group recommended the same
reference curve, curve C, for self-
[[Page 36879]]
priming and non-self-priming filter pumps. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-
STD-0008, No. 51 Recommendation #6 at p. 5) Consistent with the DPPP
Working Group recommendations, in the September 2016 test procedure
NOPR, DOE proposed that both self-priming and non-self-priming pool
filter pumps be tested at specific load points along curve C. 81 FR
64580, 64602-64603 (Sept. 20, 2016).
During the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR public meeting,
CA IOUs did not object to the recommendation, but noted that the
typical pipe size associated with these curves is a generalization and
the overall plumbing system can affect the curves as much as the pump
size in response to DOE's assertion that curve C was representative of
2.5-inch plumbing. (CA IOUs, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 3 at p. 37)
In response to CA IOUs observation, DOE agrees with CA IOUs that many
factors may impact system head. DOE was simply referring to the fact
that curve C was initially developed to be representative of 2.5-inch
plumbing,\27\ as is acknowledged in section 4.1.2.1.3 of ANSI/APSP/ICC-
15a-2013.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\27\ PG&E developed curves A, B, and C based data from an
exercise by ADM Associates, Inc. in 2002, EVALUATION OF YEAR 2001
SUMMER INITIATIVES POOL PUMP PROGRAM and contractor input. However,
the actual data for the curves are not contained in the ADM report
(the ADM report can be found at www.calmac.org/publications/SI_Pool_Pump.pdf; Last accessed April 4, 2016). Curves A and B are
first formally mentioned in a subsequent report by PG&E in Codes and
Standards Enhancement Initiative for FY 2004. However, this report
does not discuss the derivation of the curves. (http://consensus.fsu.edu/FBC/Pool-Efficiency/CASE_Pool_Pump.pdf; Last
accessed April 29, 2016).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Beyond the proposed system curve, DOE also proposed specific load
points for each variety of self-priming and non-self-priming pool
filter pump. The specific load points for single-speed, two-speed,
multi-speed, and variable-speed pool filter pumps are discussed in
sections III.D.1.a, III.D.1.b, and III.D.1.c, respectively.
a. Single-Speed Pool Filter Pumps
Single-speed pool filter pumps, by definition and design, are only
capable of operating at one speed. In the September 2016 DPPP test
procedure NOPR, consistent with the DPPP Working Group recommendations
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51 Recommendation #6 at p. 5),
DOE proposed testing single-speed pool filter pumps at the pump's
maximum speed of rotation on curve C. 81 FR 64580, 64603 (Sept. 20,
2016). That is, the load point for single-speed pool filter pumps would
be specified as the point of intersection between the pump's
performance curve at its maximum speed (which is its only speed) and
the system curve C, as shown in Figure III.1. Id.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR07AU17.003
CEC, in written comments, supported DOE's proposal to establish a
load point for single-speed filter pumps. (CEC, No. 7 at p. 2) DOE
received no other comments related to the proposal to test single-speed
pool filter pumps at a single load point based on the maximum speed on
curve C. Therefore, DOE is adopting in this final rule the proposed
single load point for single-speed pool filter pumps.
b. Two-Speed Pool Filter Pumps
Two-speed pumps, by definition and design, are capable of operating
at two discrete speeds. In two-speed pool filter pumps, the low speed
setting is designed to handle filtration and provide an adequate
turnover-rate, while the high speed setting operation is designed to be
used intermittently for short duration periods to operate suction-side
pool cleaners and ensure proper mixing of the water. Consistent with
typical two-speed pool filter pump design and the requirements of
existing regulatory programs, the DPPP Working Group recommended
testing two-speed pool filter pumps (1) at the load point corresponding
to the pump's maximum speed of rotation on curve C and (2) at the load
point corresponding to half of the maximum-speed flow rate with total
dynamic head at or above curve C.
[[Page 36880]]
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51, Recommendation #6, at p. 5)
However, in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE proposed
load points that were slightly modified from those recommended by the
DPPP Working Group. Specifically, DOE proposed the following two load
points for two-speed pool filter pumps: (1) A high flow point at the
maximum speed on curve C and (2) a low flow point at the low-speed
setting on curve C. 81 FR 64580, 64604-64606 (Sept. 20, 2016). As
explained in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, the load
points recommended by the DPPP Working Group are only possible for
pumps with the low-speed setting equivalent to one-half of the rotating
speed of the maximum speed setting. DOE proposed the modification
because DOE believed the DPPP Working Group recommendation, as written,
would not provide equitable or representative ratings for any two-speed
pool filter pumps with a low speed that was less than one-half the
maximum speed setting. Id.
DOE also proposed certain criteria for the low flow point to
prevent manufacturers from producing pumps with unrepresentatively high
(i.e., advantageous) WEF scores by designing pumps with an extremely
low speed setting. Id. Specifically, DOE proposed minimum flow rates
for two-speed pumps of 24.7 gpm for two-speed pool filter pumps that
have a rated hydraulic horsepower less than or equal to 0.75 hp (small
pool filter pumps) and 31.1 gpm for two-speed pool filter pumps that
have a rated hydraulic horsepower greater than 0.75 (large pool filter
pumps). DOE's proposed minimum flow rates are consistent with the DPPP
Working Group's recommended low flow rates for multi-speed and
variable-speed pool filter pumps. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008,
No. 51, Recommendation #6 at p. 5); 81 FR 64580, 64604-06 (Sept. 20,
2016). The DPPP Working Group developed these low flow rates based on
the minimum effective flow rates for typical pool sizes. DOE believes
these flow rates are also representative of minimum flow rates for two-
speed pool filter pumps and they will effectively prevent the inclusion
of unreasonably low speeds on two-speed pool filter pumps for the sole
purpose of inflating WEF ratings. 81 FR 64580, 64604-06 (Sept. 20,
2016).
DOE believes that the proposed load points for two-speed pool
filter pumps are representative of typical pool filter pump operation
and energy performance, and the load points characterize the efficiency
of the pump speeds and flow points in typical applications (i.e.,
cleaning/mixing and filtration). In addition, DOE believes that the
proposal is consistent with the intent of the DPPP Working Group.
During the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR public meeting,
CA IOUs confirmed that two-speed pool filter pumps with low speed below
one-half of maximum speed are a reasonable scenario and supported DOE's
proposed load points to address this scenario. (CA IOUs, Public Meeting
Transcript, No. 3 at pp. 39-41) ASAP, NRDC, and CEC, in written
comments, supported DOE's proposal to establish load points for two-
speed pool filter pumps and did not articulate any different
suggestions to the proposed test procedure. (ASAP and NRDC, No. 12 at
p. 2; CEC, No. 7 at p. 2) ASAP and NRDC also commented that proposed
load points would provide consistent and comparable ratings among two-
speed filter pumps. (ASAP and NRDC, No. 12 at p. 2)
DOE appreciates the support of CA IOUs, ASAP, NRDC, and CEC. DOE
received no other comments related to the proposed test procedure for
two-speed pool filter pumps. Therefore, DOE is adopting in this final
rule the proposed load points at low and high speed for two-speed pool
filter pumps, as well as the minimum flow rate thresholds of 24.7 gpm
for two-speed pool filter pumps that have a hydraulic output power less
than or equal to 0.75 hp (small pool filter pumps) and a low flow rate
of 31.1 gpm for two-speed pool filter pumps that have a hydraulic
output power greater than 0.75 and less than 2.5 hp (large pool filter
pumps).
c. Variable-Speed and Multi-Speed Pool Filter Pumps
In accordance with the DPPP Working Group recommendations, in the
September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE proposed different
definitions for variable-speed and multi-speed pool filter pumps (see
section III.B.7.a), but proposed the same test procedure be applied to
both speed configurations. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51,
Recommendation #6, at p. 5); 81 FR 64580, 64606-64610 (Sept. 20, 2016).
For variable- and multi-speed pool filter pumps, DOE proposed two load
points that are generally representative of a high-speed mixing/
cleaning flow rate and a low-speed filtration flow rate, similar to
two-speed pool filter pumps (as discussed in section III.D.1.b).
However, the high-speed and low-speed load points for variable- and
multi-speed equipment are specified in a slightly different manner than
for two-speed equipment. 81 FR 64580, 64606-64610 (Sept. 20, 2016).
As DOE discussed in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR,
the DPPP Working Group recommended (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008,
No. 51, Recommendation #6 at p. 5), and DOE subsequently proposed,
testing multi- and variable-speed pool filter pumps at two load points.
These points are (1) a high-flow load point that is achieved by running
the pump at 80 percent of flow rate at maximum speed on or above curve
C and (2) a low-flow load point that is representative of a specific,
typical filtration flow rate, as opposed to a specific speed setting or
relative reduction from maximum speed (also on or above curve C), as
summarized in Table III.3. 81 FR 64580, 64606-64610 (Sept. 20, 2016).
Table III.3--Variable- and Multi-Speed Load Points Recommended by DPPP Working Group and Proposed by DOE in
September 2016 DPPP Test Procedure NOPR
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Load point Flow rate (gpm) Head (ft) Speed (rpm)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
High Speed..................... Qhigh (gpm) = 0.8xQmax\speed@C * H >=0.0082 x Lowest available speed
Low Speed...................... Qlow (gpm) = Qhigh\2\ for which the pump
If pump hydraulic hp at H >=0.0082 x can achieve the
max speed on curve C is >0.75, Qlow\2\ specified flow rate
then Qlow = 31.1 gpm (a pump may vary
If pump hydraulic hp at speed to achieve this
max speed on curve C is <=0.75, load point).
then Qlow = 24.7 gpm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Qmax\speed@C = flow at maximum speed on curve C.
[[Page 36881]]
The high speed load point corresponding to a flow rate of 80
percent of the flow at maximum speed on curve C was recommended by the
DPPP Working Group to reflect that multi- and variable-speed pool
filter pumps can be optimized to account for the oversizing the
typically occurs in the field and provide a specific desired amount of
flow that may be less than the flow rate at maximum speed. Id. In the
September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE discussed that, for multi-
speed pumps without a speed setting at 80 percent of the maximum speed
setting, the high flow point would be determined at the maximum
operating speed of the pump and may not be on curve C. 81 FR 64580,
64607 (Sept. 20, 2016). Such a pump would need to be tested at a speed
setting higher than 80 percent of maximum and throttled to a head
pressure higher than curve C to achieve a flow rate of 80 percent of
the flow rate at maximum flow on curve C, as shown in Figure III.2.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR07AU17.004
To specify the low flow points for multi-speed and variable-speed
pool filter pumps, the DPPP Working Group developed specific, discrete
flow rates that are representative of the typical flow rates observed
in the field. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51, Recommendation
#6 at p. 5) That is, as discussed in the September 2016 DPPP test
procedure NOPR, the DPPP Working Group recommended that ``small pool
filter pumps'' with rated hydraulic horsepower values of less than or
equal 0.75 would be assigned a flow rate of 24.7 gpm, which is
representative of the flow rate necessary for filtration in smaller
pools. The DPPP Working Group also recommended that ``large pool filter
pumps'' with rated hydraulic horsepower values greater than 0.75 and
less than or equal to 2.5 would be assigned a flow rate of 31.1 gpm,
which is representative of the flow rate necessary for filtration in
large pools. The selected low flow rates for small and large multi-
speed and variable-speed pool filter pumps are intended to be
representative of the applications such pumps would typically serve.
The methodology for developing the specific flow rates for small and
large multi-speed and variable-speed pool filter pumps is discussed at
length in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR. 81 FR 64580,
64606-64610 (Sept. 20, 2016).
DOE's proposal for the high flow and low flow points for multi-
speed and variable-speed pumps does not explicitly specify the speed at
which the pump operates at the high or low flow points. Instead, DOE
determined that the low and high flow rates would be achieved at the
lowest available speed while operating on or above curve C to
accommodate multi-speed pumps that may not be capable of operating at
the exact speed that allows the pump to achieve the required flow rate
exactly on curve C. For such a pump, DOE established that the pump be
tested at the lowest available speed that can meet the specified flow
with a head point that is at or above curve C. Id.
In the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE requested
comment on the treatment of multi-speed pumps and the necessity to
throttle multi-speed pumps on the maximum speed performance curve if
appropriate lower discrete operating speeds are not available to
achieve 80 percent of the flow rate at maximum speed on curve C while
still maintaining head at or above curve C. 81 FR 64580, 64608 (Sept.
20, 2016).
In response, CEC supported DOE's proposal to establish load points
for multi-speed and variable-speed pool filter pumps. However, CEC did
not advocate for any different values compared to DOE's proposal. (CEC,
No.
[[Page 36882]]
7 at p. 2). Pentair requested clarification during the September 2016
DPPP test procedure NOPR public meeting and in written comments
regarding whether the high flow load point for multi-speed and
variable-speed pool filter pumps was specified with respect to 80
percent flow or 80 percent speed. (Pentair, Public Meeting Transcript,
No. 3 at p. 48; Pentair, No. 11 at p. 4) APSP reiterated Pentair's
comments that flow and speed were used interchangeably in the September
2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR and recommended that the test procedure
be standardized on a percentage of flow requirements (APSP, No. 8 at p.
2). Consistent with APSP's recommendation, in this final rule, DOE
clarifies that the high flow load point for multi-speed and variable-
speed pool filter pumps is specified with respect to at 80 percent of
the flow rate at maximum speed on curve C.
APSP and Pentair also commented that throttling multi-speed pumps
to obtain 80 percent flow moves the pump off of curve C, which is
otherwise the standardized performance curve proposed by DOE in the
test procedure NOPR. Pentair commented that throttling and testing off
of curve C makes direct product performance comparisons impossible, and
has the potential to overstate the performance of less efficient and
less capable pumps. (APSP, No. 8 at pp. 4-5; Pentair, No. 11, at p. 2)
Pentair similarly expressed concern over the low flow load points.
Pentair agreed that 24.7 gpm and 31.1 gpm are reasonable minimum flow
rates for typical swimming pool applications. However, Pentair stated
that fixing the low-speed load point at one of these two values would
create an unfair bias against higher capacity pumps that are designed
for high-flow, low-head systems. (Pentair, No. 11 at p. 2) At the test
procedure NOPR public meeting, Pentair suggested that multi-speed pumps
that cannot be tested at 80 percent of the flow rate at maximum speed
on curve C be tested at their maximum speed on curve C. (Pentair,
Public Meeting Transcript, No. 3 at pp. 42-43) Pentair did not provide
a specific recommendation for the low flow load points.
In response to Pentair and APSP's dissatisfaction with DOE's
proposal to allow throttling multi-speed pumps, DOE agrees with Pentair
and APSP's concerns that throttling and testing off of curve C may
result in WEF values that are not directly representative of the
typical energy performance of the pump in the field, as users are
unlikely to throttle pumps to compensate for oversizing. In assessing
Pentair and APSP's concerns, DOE recognized that the multi-speed pump
load points specified in the December 2015 DPPP Working Group
recommendations did not explicitly mention or require throttling.
Specifically, for flow, the term sheet stated ``same method as variable
speed, but testing at closest available speed that can meet the
specified flow (while at or above Qlow or Qhigh,
respectively).'' For head, the term sheet stated: ``H >= 0.0082 x
Qhigh\2\.'' (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51,
Recommendation #6 at p. 5) Allowing flow to be ``at or above''
Qhigh and ``at or above'' 0.0082 x Qhigh\2\ means
that a multi-speed pump that does not have an 80 percent speed setting
could test exactly on curve C with a flow rate at or above 80 percent
of the flow rate at maximum speed on curve C, as suggested by Pentair,
and still meet the load point requirements laid out by the DPPP Working
Group in the December 2015 term sheet. Id.
Consequently, DOE acknowledges that its proposal in the September
2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR to require throttling of multi-speed
pumps was based on one possible interpretation of the December 2015
DPPP Working Group recommendations, while Pentair's proposal to test on
curve C as the lowest speed that resulted in a flow rate at or above 80
percent of the flow rate at maximum speed on curve C is based on
another possible interpretation. That is, as written, the December 2015
DPPP Working Group recommendations allow multiple interpretations of
the appropriate load points for multi-speed pool filter pumps. In the
September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE proposed the test method
that required fixing the flow point at 80 percent of the flow rate at
maximum speed on curve C (i.e., Qhigh = 0.8 x
Qmax_speed@C) because DOE's test procedure must be precise
and repeatable and, therefore, must provide additional specificity
beyond that specified by the DPPP Working Group. However, DOE
acknowledges that Pentair's suggestion of fixing the head value on
curve C (H = 0.0082 x Qhigh\2\) and allowing flow rates
above 80 percent of the flow rate at maximum speed on curve C is
another viable method to provide the requisite additional specificity
and precision in the multi-speed test method. DOE also acknowledges
that, as mentioned by Pentair and APSP, that throttling off of curve C
would be a departure from the standardized system curve and would
result in WEF values that are less representative of the typical energy
performance of such multi-speed pumps. Instead, multi-speed pumps would
more likely be operated on the standardized system curve (i.e., curve
C) at the lowest speed available at or above 80 percent of the flow
rate at maximum speed on curve C (i.e., the flow rate the DPPP Working
Group believed was ``required'' for high flow mixing in pumps that are
oversized). Therefore, in this final rule, DOE is revising the load
points for multi-speed pumps to require the head value to be on curve
C, as suggested by Pentair, but allow the flow value to be greater than
or equal to 80 percent of the flow rate at maximum speed on curve C. As
noted previously, this test method is consistent with that recommended
by the DPPP Working Group.
With regard to the low flow load points, DOE responds that the DPPP
Working Group recommended that the low-speed load point for variable-
and multi-speed pumps be measured at either 24.7 gpm or 31.1 gpm,
depending on the pump hydraulic horsepower at maximum speed on curve C.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51, Recommendation #6 at p. 5)
As discussed at length in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR,
the DPPP Working Group recommended these values to allow for more
comparable WEF values among pool filter pumps intended to serve the
same size pools. 81 FR 64580, 64606-64610 (Sept. 20, 2016). While
Pentair noted in its comments that this construct may bias higher
capacity (high flow, low head) pumps, DOE notes that in general, higher
capacity pumps have been excluded from the scope of this rulemaking. In
addition, as discussed previously, these low flow points were chosen
specifically to represent typical filtration flow rates that would be
experienced in the majority of pools, regardless of the size of the
pump. That is, the required filtration flow rate is dictated more by
the size of the pool than the size of the pump. Converse to Pentair's
observation, the ability of larger pumps to reduce their speed to
achieve these low flow rates will potentially result in higher (i.e.,
better) WEF scores than slightly small dedicated-purpose pool pumps
serving the same load.
For these reasons, DOE is adopting in this final rule the low speed
load points of 24.7 gpm and 31.1 gpm, as proposed, in the September
2016 DPPP TP NOPR. However, for multi-speed pumps, DOE acknowledges
that the low speed may not result in a flow rate that is exactly 24.7
or 31.1 gpm while on curve C and throttling may be required to achieve
the flow points proposed in the NOPR. As discussed previously, DOE
agrees with Pentair and APSP that throttling
[[Page 36883]]
may not be representative of the performance of multi-speed dedicated-
purpose pool pumps in the field. Therefore, based on the same reasoning
as the high flow point, DOE is revising the low flow point for multi-
speed dedicated-purpose pool pumps to also require testing along curve
C, but allow flow rates at or above the specified values. Specifically,
the adopted load points are presented in Table III.4.
Table III.4--Multi-Speed and Variable-Speed Load Points Adopted in This Final Rule
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Load point Flow rate (gpm) Head (ft) Speed (rpm)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
High Speed......................... Qhigh (gpm) >=0.8 x H = 0.0082 x Qhigh\2\ Lowest available speed
Low Speed.......................... Qmax\speed@C * (i.e., on Curve C) for which the pump
Qlow (gpm) =............... H = 0.0082 x Qlow\2\ can achieve the
If pump hydraulic (i.e., on Curve C). specified head value
hp at max speed on curve C and flow rate
is >0.75, then Qlow >=31.1 threshold (a pump may
gpm. vary speed to achieve
If pump hydraulic this load point).
hp at max speed on curve C
is <=0.75, then Qlow
>=24.7 gpm.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Qmax\speed@C = flow at maximum speed on curve C.
DOE believes that the load points shown in Table III.4 are
consistent with the intent of the DPPP Working Group while addressing
the concerns brought by Pentair and APSP for multi-speed pool filter
pumps.
With regard to the variable-speed load points, DOE notes that the
load points recommended by the DPPP Working Group were specified
clearly as exactly equivalent to 24.7 or 31.1 gpm for the low flow load
point and 80 percent of the flow rate at maximum speed on curve C for
the high flow load point. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51,
Recommendation #6 at p. 5) The DPPP Working Group discussed and
recommended these load points based on the understanding that a
variable-speed dedicated purpose pool pump would be equipped with a
continuously variable control that could exactly achieve the load
points specified in the test procedure or desired by a user in the
field. However, DOE notes that the definition for variable-speed
dedicated-purpose pool pump recommended by the DPPP Working Group and
adopted by DOE references a maximum increment between available
operating speeds of 100 rpm. Based on the adopted definition it is
possible that a variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump with
extremely wide speed increments (e.g., 95 rpm) will not be able to
exactly achieve the flow points specified by the DPPP Working Group.
DOE notes that the definition for variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool
pump was not finalized by the DPPP Working Group until after the load
points for variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump had already by
been established and approved. Therefore, the DPPP Working Group did
not explicitly consider a scenario where a variable-speed dedicated-
purpose pool pump would not be able to exactly achieve the specified
flow points.
DOE believes that, similar to multi-speed pool filter pumps, it is
unlikely that a user would throttle the pump in the field to achieve a
specific flow rate. Instead, DOE believes it would be more
representative and consistent to also require variable-speed pool
filter pumps to be tested on curve C at the lowest speed that results
in a flow rate at or above the flow rate specified by the DPPP Working
Group, similar to the load points specified for multi-speed pool filter
pumps. Therefore, DOE is adopting, in this final rule, the same load
points for multi-speed and variable-speed pool filter pumps, as
summarized in Table III.4.
In response to the multi-speed load points proposed in the
September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, Hayward commented that the
proposed criteria for multi-speed pumps would severely penalize less
capable multispeed pumps [without a discrete operating speed at 80
percent of flow rate at maximum speed on curve C]. (Hayward, No. 6 at
p. 3) In response to Hayward's concerns regarding the penalization of
multi-speed pumps, DOE acknowledges that the test procedure (both as
proposed in the NOPR and as adopted in this final rule) will indeed
``penalize'' (i.e., generate less advantageous WEF score for) less
capable multi-speed pumps that cannot exactly achieve 80 percent of the
flow rate at maximum speed on curve C. This is by-design and in
agreement with the recommendations of DPPP Working Group, because such
pumps provide the end-user less utility and are more likely to be run
at higher-speeds and consume more energy than pumps that can reach 80
percent of the flow rate at maximum speed on curve C. Furthermore, the
disadvantage in WEF score is commensurate with the reduced speed
capability of the pump--the closer the pump can get to the 80 percent
load point (with speed reduction), the better the pump's WEF score will
be. For this reason, DOE is adopting its proposals as to the treatment
of multi-speed pumps in this final rule, except as noted in this
section.
Pentair raised a concern that an unintended consequence of
specifying the high flow load point based on 80 percent flow was that
manufacturers may start designing pool filter pumps with an 80 percent
speed setting, even if it is not the best optimization for the pump for
specific applications. (Pentair, Public Meeting Transcript. No. 3 at p.
46) In response, DOE acknowledges Pentair's concern, but notes that the
80 percent load point was selected by the DPPP Working Group to be
representative of the amount of ``right-sizing'' that would be possible
in typical applications. (EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 57 at pp. 388-405;
CA IOUs, No. 53 at pp. 142-143; Waterway, No. 54 at p. 51) As such, DOE
believes the 80 percent setting is representative of a speed setting
that would reliably result in energy savings in the field for typical
applications. However, DOE acknowledges that for some applications the
80 percent speed setting may not be the most appropriate choice. DOE
notes that, if specific applications necessitate different speed
settings, manufacturers may continue to produce such equipment to serve
the market need for equipment with specific speed settings. The DOE
test procedure does not affect the flexibility of manufacturers to
produce equipment that is demanded by the market; it just describes how
to rate such equipment.
Additionally, Hayward and APSP pointed out a discrepancy between
Table 1 in the regulatory text of the September 2016 DPPP test
procedure NOPR and the language presented in the rest of the NOPR.
Specifically, Hayward noted that the required head for the variable-
speed and multi-speed high flow load point should be ``H >= 0.0082 x
Qlow\2\,'' rather than ``H = 0.0082 x
[[Page 36884]]
Qlow\2\,'' which was printed in Table 1 of the September
2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR. (Hayward, No. 6 at p. 3; APSP, No. 8 at
p. 4) DOE agrees with Hayward and APSP. A typographical error occurred
in Table 1 in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR and the
equation should have read ``H >= 0.0082 x Qlow\2\'' based on
the proposed load points for multi-speed dedicated purpose pool pumps.
However, based on the adopted load points, DOE is specifying the load
points as depicted in Table III.4, which have the appropriate
mathematical operators.
During the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR public meeting,
Pentair also requested verification regarding Figure III.5 in the
September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR and a similar figure in the
September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR public meeting presentation.
(Pentair, Public Meeting Transcript, No, 3, p. 54) DOE acknowledged
during the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR public meeting that
the public meeting presentation slide was correct and Figure III.5 in
the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR was incorrect.\28\
Accordingly, in this final rule, DOE includes the corrected and
clarified version of the figure, which is labeled Figure III.2 in this
final rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\28\ The public meeting slides can be found in the docket
(www.regulations.gov/#!docketDetail;D=EERE-2016-BT-TP-0002) No. 2 at
p. 31.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
APSP and Zodiac also requested clarification regarding how the
high-speed flow point is based on a flow rate of 80 percent of the flow
rate at maximum speed on curve C and head at or above curve C. (APSP,
No. 8 at p. 4; Zodiac, No. 13 at p. 2) DOE responds that, as discussed
in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, the DPPP Working Group
recommended the high speed load point corresponding to a flow rate of
80 percent of the flow at maximum speed on curve C to reflect that
multi- and variable-speed pool filter pumps can be optimized to account
for the oversizing the typically occurs in the field and provide a
specific desired amount of flow that may be less than the flow rate at
maximum speed. 81 FR 64580, 64606-64610 (Sept. 20, 2016).
Finally, APSP and Zodiac commented that they would like to see a
tolerance for the 80 percent load point for multi-speed and variable-
speed pool filter pumps, as a speed of 80.00 percent exactly would be
difficult to achieve. (APSP, No. 8 at p. 5; Zodiac, No. 13 at p. 2). In
response, DOE clarifies that the neither the load points proposed in
the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR nor the load points adopted
in this final rule for multi-speed and variable-speed pool filter pumps
require exact speeds to be achieved. Instead, the load points specify
specific head or flow values that must be achieved at the lowest
available speed for which the pump can achieve the specified flow rate
and/or head value; a pump may vary speed to achieve this load point.
DOE proposed and is adopting thresholds on the specified head or flow
values to account for experimental variability, which are discussed in
section III.E.2.d.
d. Load Point Weighting Factors
WEF is calculated as the weighted average flow rate divided by the
weighted average input power to the dedicated-purpose pool pump at
various load points, as described in equation (1). For this reason, DOE
also must assign weights to the load points discussed above for each
self-priming or non-self-priming pool filter pump. In the September
2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, consistent with the DPPP Working Group
recommendations (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51
Recommendation #7 at p. 5) as well as DOE's own analysis, DOE proposed
a weight of 1.0 for single-speed self-priming and non-self-priming pool
filter pumps and weights of 0.20 at the high flow point and 0.80 at the
low flow point for two-speed, multi-speed, and variable-speed pool
filter pumps, as summarized in Table III.5. 81 FR 64580, 64610 (Sept.
20, 2016).
Table III.5--Summary of Load Point Weights (wi) for Self-Priming and Non-
Self-Priming Pool Filter Pumps Recommended by the DPPP Working Group
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Load point(s) i
DPPP varieties Speed type -------------------------
Low flow High flow
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Self-Priming Pool Filter Single......... ........... 1.0
Pumps and Non-Self-Priming Two/Multi/ 0.80 0.20
Pool Filter Pumps. Variable.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE requested comment on these proposed weights. In response to
DOE's proposed weights, APSP and Zodiac stated that unbalanced
weighting of the economical single-speed pumps negatively affects
consumers who only operate pools for a short seasonal duration. (APSP,
No. 8 at p. 5; Zodiac, No. 13 at p. 2) DOE acknowledges that pool pumps
with more than one speed, such as two-speed, multi-speed, and variable-
speed dedicated-purpose pool pumps, will have a greater (i.e., more
efficient) WEF score than a single-speed pump. However, this is
consistent with the intent of the DPPP Working Group and the typical
energy consumption of such pumps in the field. That is, single-speed
pumps will use more energy than comparable two-speed, multi-speed, or
variable-speed pumps. DOE also disagrees with APSP and Zodiac that a
load point of 1.0 for single-speed pool filter pumps is ``unbalanced''
because, as recommended by the DPPP Working Group, single-speed pool
pump operate at only one load point, which must be fully weighted in
order to accurately and equitably account for the energy performance of
such pumps.
APSP and Hayward agreed with the 0.8 value for low flow for two-
speed pool filter pumps. (APSP, No. 8 at p. 5; Hayward, No. 6 at p. 3)
CEC, in written comments, affirmed DOE's proposal to establish
weighting factors for single-speed, two-speed, multi-speed, and
variable-speed pool filter pumps. (CEC, No. 7 at p. 2) As such, DOE is
adopting, in this final rule, the weights proposed in the September
2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR.
e. Applicability of Two-Speed, Multi-Speed, and Variable-Speed Pool
Filter Pump Test Methods
As discussed in section III.B.7, DOE proposed in the September 2016
DPPP test procedure NOPR to establish specific definitions for two-
speed, multi-speed, and variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool pumps
that would dictate which of the pool filter pump test methods applies
to a given
[[Page 36885]]
pool filter pump. The specific test methods for each of the DPPP speed
configurations are described in sections III.D.1.a through III.D.1.c.
The definitions for two-speed, multi-speed, and variable-speed
dedicated-purpose pool pumps establish specific criteria that any given
dedicated-purpose pool pump must meet in order to be considered such a
pump and be eligible to apply the test points for two-speed, multi-
speed, and variable-speed pool filter pumps, respectively. If a
dedicated-purpose pool pump does not meet the definition of a two-
speed, multi-speed, or variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump
discussed in section III.B.7, DOE proposed in the September 2016 DPPP
test procedure NOPR that such a pump would be tested using the single-
speed pool filter pump test point, regardless of the number of
operating speeds the pump may have. 81 FR 64580, 64610 (Sept. 20,
2016).
In the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, consistent with the
recommendations of the DPPP Working Group (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-
0008, No. 82, Recommendation #5B at p. 3), DOE also proposed that two-
speed self-priming pool filter pumps that are greater than or equal to
0.711 rated hydraulic horsepower and less than 2.5 rated hydraulic
horsepower must also be distributed in commerce either: (1) With a pool
pump control (variable speed drive and user interface or switch) that
changes the speed in response to pre-programmed user preferences and
allows the user to select the duration of each speed and/or the on/off
times or (2) without a pool pump control with such capability but is
unable to operate without the presence of such a pool pump control. Id.
DOE also proposed that two-speed self-priming pool filter pumps (in the
referenced size range) that do not meet the proposed control
requirements would be tested as a single-speed pool filter pump. Id.
Hayward commented, at the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR
public meeting, that two-speed dedicated-purpose pool pumps should be
allowed to operate at low speed without the requisite control, instead
of not able to operate at all. (Hayward, Public Meeting Transcript, No.
3 at pp. 21, 26-27) DOE addressed this comment in section III.B.7.a. In
that section, DOE noted that DOE believes the two-speed DPPP test
points are only applicable to and representative of two-speed
dedicated-purpose pool pumps operated with the appropriate controls. If
a two-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump is capable of operating, even
at low speed, without an applicable pool pump control, this
significantly increases the risk that two-speed pool filter pumps would
be installed and operated without an appropriate control. Similarly,
with regard to the applicability of the two-speed test points, DOE
believes that two-speed dedicated-purpose pool pumps greater than 0.711
rated hydraulic horsepower must be distributed in commerce with either
an appropriate control or not able to operate without the presence of
such a pool pump control in order to apply the two-speed dedicated-
purpose pool pump test points. If the pump can operate without an
appropriate control, even at low speed, the two-speed test points would
not be representative of the pump's energy performance in the field.
DOE did not receive any comments on this proposal. Therefore, DOE is
adopting in this final rule the requirements for applying the two-speed
dedicated-purpose pool pump test points proposed in the September 2016
DPPP test procedure NOPR, which was agreed to by all DPPP Working Group
members as part of the June 2016 DPPP Working Group Recommendations.
2. Waterfall Pumps
DOE also proposed a unique test point for waterfall pumps in the
September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR. 81 FR 64580, 64610-64611
(Sept. 20, 2016). Under the definition discussed in section III.B.4.a,
waterfall pumps are pool filter pumps that have a maximum head less
than or equal to 30 feet and a maximum speed less than or equal to
1,800 rpm. As discussed in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR,
waterfall pumps are specialty-purpose single-speed, pool filter pumps
that typically operate waterfalls or other water features in a pool.
Id.
Because of these specific applications, the DPPP Working Group
recommended a single unique test point at a fixed head of 17 feet and
the maximum operating speed for waterfall pumps, which the DPPP Working
Group believed was representative of typical applications. Consistent
with the single recommended load point, the DPPP Working Group also
recommended fully weighting that load point (i.e., assigning it a
weight of 1.0). (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51
Recommendation #6 at p. 5)
DOE agreed with the DPPP Working Group recommendations; however,
DOE slightly modified the recommendation by adding greater specificity
to the head value in DOE's proposal. DOE proposed to test waterfall
pumps at a single load point at maximum speed and a head of 17.0 feet
and to fully weight that single load point. 81 FR 64580, 64610-64611
(Sept. 20, 2016). DOE received no comment on the proposal and,
therefore, is adopting the load point and weighting for waterfall pumps
proposed in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR.
3. Pressure Cleaner Booster Pumps
DOE also proposed a unique test point for pressure cleaner booster
pumps in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR. 81 FR 64580,
64611-64612 (Sept. 20, 2016). Pressure cleaner booster pumps, as
defined in section III.B.4.b, are dedicated-purpose pool pumps that are
specifically designed to propel pressure-side pool cleaners along the
bottom of the pool in pressure-side cleaner applications. These
pressure-side cleaner applications require a high amount of head and a
low flow. In the December 2015 DPPP Working Group recommendations, the
DPPP Working Group had recommended a single, fixed load point of 90
feet of head at maximum speed based on the fact that any given
pressure-side pool cleaner application is typically a single, fixed
load point. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51, Recommendations
#6) However, in the second round of negotiations, the DPPP Working
Group reevaluated the recommended test procedure for pressure cleaner
booster pumps and its ability to representatively evaluate and
differentiate the potentially variable energy performance of different
pressure cleaner booster pump technologies. Specifically, to better
capture the potential for variable-speed pressure cleaner booster
pumps, in the June 2016 DPPP Working Group recommendations, the DPPP
Working Group revised the recommended test point for pressure cleaner
booster pumps to be a flow rate of 10 gpm at the minimum speed that
results in a head value at or above 60 feet. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-
STD-0008, No. 82, Recommendation #8 at pp. 4-5)
In either case, as only a single load point is required to
adequately characterize the efficiency of pressure cleaner booster
pumps, the DPPP Working Group recommended a weighting factor of 1.0 for
measured performance at that single load point when calculating WEF.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51, Recommendation #6 and #7 at
p. 5)
In the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE proposed to
adopt the load point and weighting recommended in the June 2016 DPPP
Working Group recommendations; however, DOE added specificity to the
flow and head values in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR.
Specifically, DOE proposed to test
[[Page 36886]]
pressure cleaner booster pumps at a single load point of 10.0 gpm at
the minimum speed that results in a head value at or above 60.0 feet
and to weight the measured performance of the pump at that load point
with a weighting factor of 1.0. 81 FR 64580, 64611-64612 (Sept. 20,
2016).
In response to DOE's proposed test method for pressure cleaner
booster pumps, APSP and Zodiac commented that the proposed test point
seemed reasonable. (APSP, No. 8 at p. 5; Zodiac, No. 13 at p. 2). DOE
thanks APSP and Zodiac for their supportive comments.
In written comments, Pentair stated that it would be more
appropriate to base the load point for pressure cleaner booster pump
testing on a system friction curve instead of a defined single point.
(Pentair, No. 11 at p. 3) In response, DOE notes that the proposed load
point for pressure cleaner booster pumps was developed based on input
from the DPPP Working Group and available information regarding the
representative operating characteristics for such pumps. Specifically,
the DPPP Working Group recommended a load point of 10 gpm at the
minimum speed that results in a head value at or above 60 feet, because
this scenario accommodates all pressure cleaner booster pumps on the
market. At the same time this scenario also accounts for the potential
improved energy performance of pressure cleaner booster pumps that
could use variable speed technology to precisely match the head
requirements of a pressure cleaner system. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-
STD-0008, No. 82, Recommendation #8 at pp. 4-5; Docket No. EERE-2015-
BT-STD-0008, No. 101 at pp. 11-20) The DPPP Working Group selected a
value of 10 gpm based on the typical flow rate that was required or
recommended for suction-side pressure cleaner apparatus to function.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 100, CA IOUs, pp. 186-188; 197-
198; Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 101, Various, pp. 14-15, 49-
50, 87-89). Although DOE understands that a system curve that includes
both static and dynamic friction head would theoretically describe the
relationship between head and flow for pressure cleaner booster pump
applications, DOE believes that such a system curve is not necessary or
representative in this case because: (1) Pressure cleaner booster pumps
operate at only one load point and (2) the specified flow point and
head threshold appropriately describe the required operating parameters
for pressure cleaner booster pump applications. That is, as noted by
the DPPP Working Group, suction-side pressure cleaner apparatus
typically recommend a specific flow rate that will enable the equipment
to operate correctly. DOE acknowledges that a certain amount of
pressure must be produced by the pressure cleaner booster pump to
deliver the recommended flow rate. However, once that flow and head
value are achieved, the pump will operate at only that one load point.
Therefore, based on DOE's understanding of pressure cleaner booster
pump applications, DOE is requiring in this final rule that a specific
flow rate must be achieved regardless of the installation's system
curve.
DOE did not receive any other comments related to this proposal.
Therefore in this final rule, DOE is adopting the proposal that
pressure cleaner booster pumps to be tested at a single load point of
10.0 gpm at the minimum speed that results in a head value at or above
60.0 feet and to weight the measured performance of the pump at that
load point with a weighting factor of 1.0.
4. Summary
In summary, DOE adopts, in this final rule, unique load points for
the different varieties and speed configurations of dedicated-purpose
pool pumps. DOE's load points (i) and weights (wi) used in determining
WEF for each pump variety are presented in Table III.6.
DOE requested comment on the high-speed and low-speed load points
proposed for all DPPP equipment classes. 81 FR 64580, 64642-64643
(Sept. 20, 2016). Hayward requested clarification regarding whether all
of the load points used to determine WEF should be measured on system
curve C. (Hayward, No. 6 at p. 2) DOE refers Hayward to Table III.6,
which summarizes the load points for all dedicated-purpose pool pumps
subject to the test procedure adopted in this final rule. As shown in
Table III.6, all of the load points for self-priming and non-self-
priming pool filter pumps are specified with respect to curve C.
However, while many self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps
models will be evaluated directly on curve C, certain models may have
their load points measured at head values above curve C, if the load
point cannot be measured on curve C based on the operating speeds
available on the pump. In addition, waterfall pumps and pressure
cleaner booster pumps have load points that are specified with respect
to unique flow and/or head values and do not reference curve C.
Table III.6--Load Points (i) and Weights (wi) for Each DPPP Variety and Speed Configuration
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Test points
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DPPP varieties Speed type Number of Weight
points Load point (i) Flow rate (Q) Head (H) Speed (n) (wi)
(n)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Self-Priming Pool Filter Pumps Single *............ 1 High........... Qhigh (gpm) = H = 0.0082 x Maxspeed........... 1.0
And Non-Self-Priming Pool Filter Qmax_speed@C = Qhigh\2\
Pumps (with hydraulic hp <=2.5 flow at maximum speed
hp). on curve C
Two-Speed........... 2 Low............ Qlow (gpm) = Flow H >= 0.0082 Lowest speed 0.8
rate associated with x Qlow\2\ capable of meeting
specified head and the specified flow
speed that is not and head values,
below: if any.
31.1 gpm if
pump hydraulic hp at
max speed on curve C
is >0.75 or
24.7 gpm if
pump hydraulic hp at
max speed on curve C
is <=0.75 (a pump
may vary speed to
achieve this load
point)
[[Page 36887]]
High........... Qhigh (gpm) = H = 0.0082 x Max speed.......... 0.2
Qmax_speed@C = flow Qhigh\2\
at max speed on
curve C
Multi- and Variable- 2 Low............ Qlow(gpm) H = 0.0082 x Lowest speed 0.8
Speed. If pump Qlow\2\ capable of meeting
hydraulic hp at max the specified flow
speed on curve C is and head values.
>0.75, then Qlow
>=31.1 gpm
If pump
hydraulic hp at max
speed on curve C is
<=0.75, then Qlow
>=24.7 gpm (a pump
may vary speed to
achieve this load
point)
High........... Qhigh (gpm) >=0.8 x H = 0.0082 x Lowest speed 0.2
Qmax_speed@C >=80% Qhigh\2\ capable of meeting
of flow at maximum the specified flow
speed on curve C (a and head values.
pump may vary speed
to achieve this load
point)
Waterfall Pumps.................. Single.............. 1 High........... Flow corresponding to 17.0 ft Max speed.......... 1.0
specified head (on
max speed pump
curve)
Pressure Cleaner Booster Pumps... All................. 1 High........... 10.0 gpm (a pump may >=60.0 ft Lowest speed 1.0
vary speed to capable of meeting
achieve this load the specified flow
point) and head values,
if any.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* As discussed in section III.D.1.e, any pumps that do not meet DOE's definitions of two-speed, multi-speed, or variable-speed pool filter pump, as
applicable, and, in the case of two-speed self-priming pool filter pumps that are greater than or equal to 0.711 rated hydraulic horsepower and less
than 2.5 rated hydraulic horsepower and do not meet the requirements to apply the two-speed pool filter pump test method must be tested as a single-
speed pool filter pump.
E. Determination of Pump Performance
As part of DOE's test procedure for dedicated-purpose pool pumps,
DOE is specifying how to measure the performance of the dedicated-
purpose pool pump at the applicable load points consistently and
unambiguously. Specifically, to determine WEF for applicable dedicated-
purpose pool pumps, the test procedure specifies methods to measure the
driver input power to the motor or to the DPPP controls (if any) and
the flow rate at each specified load point, as well as the hydraulic
output power at maximum speed on system curve C (i.e., the rated
hydraulic horsepower, see section III.G.1).
The following section III.E.1 discusses the industry standard DOE
is incorporating by reference for measuring the performance of
dedicated-purpose pool pumps. The September 2016 DPPP test procedure
NOPR proposed several exceptions, modifications, and additions to this
base test procedure that DOE deemed necessary to ensure accuracy and
repeatability. These are presented in sections III.E.2.a through
III.E.2.f. Finally, DOE is adopting specific procedures for calculating
the WEF from the collected test data and rounding the values to ensure
that the test results are determined in a consistent manner (section
III.E.2.g).
1. Incorporation by Reference of HI 40.6-2014
In the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, in accordance with
the DPPP Working Group recommendations (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-
0008, No. 51, Recommendation #8 at p. 6), DOE proposed to incorporate
by reference certain sections of HI 40.6-2014 as part of DOE's test
procedure for measuring the energy consumption of dedicated-purpose
pool pumps, with the exceptions, modifications, and additions listed in
III.E.2. DOE stated that HI 40.6-2014 contains the relevant test
methods needed to accurately characterize the performance of dedicated-
purpose pool pumps, with a few exceptions, modifications, and
additions. Id. Specifically, HI 40.6-2014 defines and explains how to
calculate driver power input,\29\ volume per unit time,\30\ pump total
head,\31\ pump power output,\32\ overall efficiency,\33\ and other
relevant quantities at the specified load points necessary to determine
the metric (WEF), and contains appropriate specifications regarding the
test setup, methodology, standard rating conditions, equipment
specifications, uncertainty calculations, and tolerances.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\29\ The term ``driver power input'' in HI 40.6-2014 is defined
as ``the power absorbed by the pump driver'' and is synonymous with
the term ``driver input power'' and ``input power to the motor and/
or controls,'' as used in this document.
\30\ The term ``volume per unit time'' in HI 40.6 is defined as
``the volume rate of flow in any given section'' and is used
synonymously with ``flow'' and ``flow rate'' in this document.
\31\ The term ``pump total head'' is defined in HI 40.6-2014 as
the difference between the outlet total head and the inlet total
head and is used synonymously with the terms ``total dynamic head''
and ``head'' in this document.
\32\ The term ``pump power output'' in HI 40.6 is defined as
``the mechanical power transferred to the liquid as it passes
through the pump, also known as pump hydraulic power.'' It is used
synonymously with ``hydraulic horsepower'' in this document.
However, where hydraulic horsepower is used to reference the
capacity of a dedicated-purpose pool pump, it refers to the rated
hydraulic horsepower, as defined in section III.G.1.
\33\ The term ``overall efficiency'' is defined in HI 40.6-2014
as a ratio of pump power output to driver power input and describes
the combined efficiency of a pump and driver.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE also noted that HI 40.6-2014, with several exceptions,
modifications, and additions was adopted in the January 2016 general
pumps test procedure final rule. 81 FR 4086, 4109-4117 (Jan. 25, 2016).
Therefore, HI 40.6-2014, with certain exceptions, is already
incorporated by reference into appendix
[[Page 36888]]
A to subpart Y of part 431. 10 CFR 431.463.
In response to DOE's proposal to incorporate by reference certain
sections of HI 40.6-2014, CEC expressed its support of DOE's proposal.
(CEC, No. 7 at p. 2) Conversely, APSP and Hayward suggested that DOE
consider raising the upper limit of the test fluid required in HI 40.6-
2014 from 86[emsp14][deg]F to 107[emsp14][deg]F to be consistent with
the requirements for other test standards, including NSF-50 and ENERGY
STAR. APSP and Hayward added that this would allow for manufacturers to
establish and maintain one temperature volume of water for NSF, ENERGY
STAR, and DOE testing, allowing for more efficient use of laboratory
resources. (APSP, No. 8 at pp. 5-6; Hayward, No. 6 at p. 4)
In response to APSP and Hayward's suggestion that DOE allow the use
of warmer temperature water for use in testing dedicated-purpose pool
pumps, DOE evaluated the impact of using 107[emsp14][deg]F water as
opposed to water between 50 and 86[emsp14][deg]F on the determined WEF,
rated hydraulic horsepower, or other metrics. Based on DOE's review,
testing with water up to 107[emsp14][deg]F would have an insignificant
impact on the resultant metrics and, therefore, to reduce testing
burden and allow DOE testing to be streamlined with testing for other
programs, DOE is adopting requirements for the test fluid that allow
testing with water up to 107[emsp14][deg]F, as requested by APSP and
Hayward.
Similarly, in their comments, APSP and Hayward also requested that
DOE use a nephelometric turbidity unit (NTU) measurement to determine
and describe the appropriate test fluid for testing dedicated-purpose
pool pumps, as opposed to the kinematic viscosity and maximum density
metrics used in HI 40.6-2014 and proposed by DOE. APSP and Hayward
requested clarification regarding whether test labs would be required
to measure the kinematic viscosity and density of the test water and
whether these parameters would need to be included in test reports and
data. APSP and Hayward stated that test lab water is not currently
measured to determine kinematic viscosity and density. APSP and Hayward
stated that it is not clear what options test labs will have if
incoming municipal supply water does not meet the proposed requirements
for kinematic viscosity and density. APSP and Hayward believe that the
NTU measurement, which is currently referenced in the NSF/ANSI 50-2015
test and was been used in the DPPP industry for over 20 years, is a
more convenient and cost effective criteria to use to specify the
characteristics of the test fluid. (APSP, No.8 at pp. 5-6; Hayward, No.
6 at pp. 4-5).
In response to APSP's and Hayward's suggestion regarding the
characteristics of the test fluid, DOE notes that it reviewed the test
fluid requirements for NSF/ANSI 50-2015, the ENERGY STAR Test Method
for Pool Pumps,\34\ and HI 40.6-2014. As discussed in the September
2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, section C.3.3, ``Test conditions,'' of
NSF/ANSI 50-2015 specifies test conditions for both swimming pools and
hot tubs/spas in terms of temperature and NTU thresholds, as shown in
Table III.7. That section further states that all pumps, except those
labeled for swimming pool applications only, are to be tested at the
hot tub/spa conditions. 81 FR 64580, 64625-64626 (Sept. 20, 2016).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\34\ EPA. 2013. ``ENERGY STAR Program Requirements Product
Specification for Pool Pumps--Final Test Method.'' Available at:
https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/specs/Pool%20Pump%20Final%20Test%20Method%2001-15-2013.pdf.
Table III.7--Test Conditions Specified in NSF/ANSI 50-2015
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Measurement Swimming pool Hot tub/spa
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Water Temperature............... 75 10 102
[deg]F. 10 [deg]F
Turbidity....................... <=15 NTU *........ <=15 NTU
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* NTU = Nephelometric Turbidity Units; a measure of how much light is
scattered by the particles contained in a water sample.
Section 40.6.5.5, ``Test conditions,'' of HI 40.6-2014, which was
proposed to be incorporated by reference into the DPPP test procedure
in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, specifies that all
testing must be conducted with ``clear water'' that is between 50 and
86[emsp14][deg]F, where clear water means water with a maximum
kinematic viscosity of 1.6 x 10-5 ft\2\/s and a maximum
density of 62.4 lb/ft\3\. 81 FR at 64614-64615. The ENERGY STAR Test
Method for Pool Pumps \35\ does not appear to contain requirements
regarding the temperature of the test fluid.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\35\ EPA. 2013. ``ENERGY STAR Program Requirements Product
Specification for Pool Pumps--Final Test Method.'' Available at:
https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/specs/Pool%20Pump%20Final%20Test%20Method%2001-15-2013.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In response to APSP's and Hayward's concern regarding the
availability of ``clear water'' as defined in HI 40.6-2014, DOE notes
that the characteristics of clear water specified in HI 40.6-2014 are
meant to be inclusive of any fresh water in the temperature range of
interest, as well as sea water, and would certainly be available from
any tap. For reference, the kinematic viscosity of fresh water between
50 and 107[emsp14][deg]F ranges from 1.4 x 10-5 ft\2\/s to
0.69 x 10-5 ft\2\/s, respectively, while the kinematic
viscosity of sea water is approximately 1.24 x 10-5 ft\2\/s
at 68[emsp14][deg]F.\36\ However, DOE acknowledges that DPPP
manufacturers may be less familiar with the measurement of kinematic
viscosity than NTU. As the characterization of the test fluid is not
expected to greatly affect the resultant WEF score, provided testing is
done with municipal water within a reasonable temperature range, DOE
agrees with Hayward that the NTU metric referenced by NSF/ANSI 50-2015
is also an acceptable criteria to describe water that is reasonably
free from impurities for the purposes of testing.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\36\ Engineering Toolbox. Liquids--Kinematic Viscosity. Last
accessed Nov. 15, 2016. Available at: http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/kinematic-viscosity-d_397.html.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
As discussed in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE
noted that the viscosity and density requirements adopted in HI 40.6-
2014 are intended to accomplish the same purpose as the turbidity
limits in NSF/ANSI 50-2015, to ensure the test is conducted with water
that does not have contaminants or additives in such concentrations
that they would affect the thermodynamic properties of the water.
Therefore, to better align with NSF/ANSI 50-2015 and the existing
capabilities and experience of DPPP test labs, in this final rule, DOE
is adopting requirements that testing be carried out with water that is
between 50 and 107[emsp14][deg]F with less than or equal to 15 NTU, as
opposed to the ``clear water'' defined in section 40.6.5.5 of HI 40.6-
2014. DOE will also exclude section 40.6.5.5 of HI 40.6-2014 from the
incorporation by reference into the DOE test procedure, as that section
will no longer be necessary. As a result, measurements of kinematic
viscosity and density of the test fluid will not be required,
minimizing burden on manufacturers. However, measurements of fluid
temperature and NTU will be required to be made and maintained as part
of the test records underlying certification to DOE to ensure that the
test fluid is in accordance with the DOE requirements.
With regard to DOE's proposal to incorporate by reference appendix
D of HI 40.6-2014, ``Suitable Time Periods for Calibration of Test
Instruments,'' APSP and Hayward noted that HI 40.6-2014 does not
explicitly provide an option for historical data to be used as a basis
to support a longer recalibration
[[Page 36889]]
interval than recommended by table D.1 of HI 40.6-2014. APSP and
Hayward stated that this provision used to be available as an option in
HI 14.6-2011. APSP and Hayward added that it currently calibrates all
instruments annually, in accordance with ISO 17025,\37\ which would not
comply with some of the required calibration intervals in HI 40.6-2014,
such as 0.33 years for pressure transducers. As such, APSP and Hayward
suggested DOE include a provision to allow for historical data to be
used to determine longer calibration intervals than currently provided
for in appendix D of HI 40.6-2014 (APSP, No. 8 at pp. 5-6; Hayward, No.
6 at p. 5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\37\ ISO/IEC 17025, ``General requirements for the competence of
testing and calibration laboratories,'' is an internationally
recognized standard that contains specifics on testing, calibration
methods, data quality management systems, and other general
requirements for test laboratories to carry out testing or
calibration. See www.iso.org for more information.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In response to APSP's and Hayward's suggestion regarding the
allowance for extended calibration intervals beyond those specified in
appendix D of HI 40.6-2014 based on historical data, DOE agrees that
such a provision used to be available in ANSI/HI 14.6-2011, which
preceded HI 40.6-2014. DOE understands that it is common practice to
extend the calibration interval of some equipment that has
demonstrated, based on past calibration data, to maintain calibration
over several calibration cycles. DOE also recognizes that this can
reduce the burden of maintaining equipment within the specifications
required by the DOE test procedure. As such, DOE believes it is
reasonable to allow the use of historical test data to justify
calibration intervals longer than those specified in table D.1 of HI
40.6-2014 and that such a provision does not compromise the accuracy of
the resultant test data. However, DOE believes additional specificity
is required to ensure that unreasonably long time periods between
calibration intervals are not permitted. Therefore, DOE is adopting
requirements in this final rule that historical calibration data may be
used to justify time periods up to three times longer than those
specified in table D.1 of HI 40.6-2014. In such a case, the supporting
historical data must show maintenance of calibration of the given
instrument up to the selected extended calibration interval on at least
two unique occasions, based on the interval specified in HI 40.6-2014.
For example, in the case of the pressure transducers discussed by
Hayward, Hayward may justify a calibration interval up to 1 year \38\
(three times the calibration interval of 0.33 years specified in HI
40.6-2014) based on calibration data taken at least every 0.33 years
that demonstrates that the calibration has been maintained for 1 year
for at least two different years.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\38\ While DOE acknowledges that three times 0.33 is 0.99, 0.99
years can practically be treated as 1 year, as the calibration
intervals are not precise to the hundredths of a year (3
days).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
China stated, in written comments, its belief that the proposed
test method did not provide a test method for total head. (China, No.
14 at p. 3) DOE disagrees and clarifies that, as stated previously, the
proposed test procedure proposed to incorporate by reference certain
sections of HI 40.6-2014, which contain relevant specifications
regarding test setup, methodology, standard rating conditions,
equipment specifications, uncertainty calculations, and tolerances to
measure pump total head, among other pump performance metrics.
DOE did not receive any comments on any of the other sections of HI
40.6-2014 DOE proposed to incorporate by reference. Therefore, in this
final rule, DOE incorporates by reference HI 40.6-2014, with certain
exceptions, modifications, and additions, into the new appendices B and
C (see section III.H) to subpart Y that will contain the DPPP test
procedure. DOE notes that DOE is using the nomenclature ``HI 40.6-2014-
B'' in the regulatory text to refer to the incorporation by reference
of HI 40.6-2014 for the dedicated-purpose pool pumps test procedure in
appendices B and C and differentiate it from the existing incorporation
by reference of HI 40.6-2014 to appendix A established in the January
2016 general pumps test procedure final rule. 81 FR 4086, 4109-4117
(Jan. 25, 2016).
2. Exceptions, Modifications and Additions to HI 40.6-2014
In general, DOE finds the test methods contained within HI 40.6-
2014 are sufficiently specific and reasonably designed to produce test
results necessary to determine the WEF of applicable dedicated-purpose
pool pumps. However, only certain sections of HI 40.6-2014 are
applicable to the new DPPP test procedure. In addition, DOE requires a
few exceptions, modifications, and additions to ensure test results are
as repeatable and reproducible as possible. DOE's modifications and
clarifications to HI 40.6-2014 are addressed in the subsequent sections
III.E.2.a through III.E.2.g.
a. Applicability and Clarification of Certain Sections of HI 40.6-2014
Although DOE is incorporating by reference HI 40.6-2014 as the
basis for the DPPP test procedure, DOE noted in the September 2016 DPPP
test procedure NOPR that some sections of the standard are not
applicable to the DPPP test procedure and other sections require
clarification regarding their applicability when conducting the DPPP
test procedure. 81 FR 64580, 64615-20 (Sept. 20, 2016). Table III.8
provides an overview of the sections of HI 40.6-2014 that DOE proposed
to exclude from the DOE test procedure for dedicated-purpose pool
pumps, as well as those that DOE proposed to only be optional and not
required for determination of WEF. Id.
Table III.8--Sections of HI 40.6-2014 DOE Proposed To Exclude From Incorporation by Reference or Make Optional
as Part of the DPPP Test Procedure
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section No. Title Applicability
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
40.6.4.1................................ Vertically suspended pumps........ Excluded.
40.6.4.2................................ Submersible pumps................. Excluded.
40.6.5.3................................ Test report....................... Excluded.
40.6.5.5.1.............................. Test procedure.................... Certain Portions Optional for
Representations.
40.6.5.5.2.............................. Speed of rotation during test..... Excluded.
40.6.6.1................................ Translation of test results to Excluded.
rated speed of rotation.
40.6.6.2................................ Pump efficiency................... Optional for Representations.
40.6.6.3................................ Performance curve................. Optional for Representations.
A.7..................................... Testing at temperatures exceeding Excluded.
30 [deg]C (86 [deg]F).
Appendix B.............................. Reporting of test results......... Excluded.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 36890]]
In the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE discussed in
detail the specific rationale for excluding or making optional certain
sections of HI 40.6-2014. 81 FR 64580, 64615 (Sept. 20, 2016).
In response to DOE's proposal to exclude certain sections from the
incorporation by reference of HI 40.6-2014, while making other sections
optional for representations, Hayward suggested DOE reconsider the
exception of section A.7 of HI 40.6-2017, ``Testing at temperatures
exceeding 30 [deg]C (86 [deg]F),'' in light of their other suggestions
related to elevated test fluid temperatures discussed in section
III.E.1. Pentair commented that section 40.6.5.5.2, which requires the
speed of the pump to be within 80 to 120 percent of the rated speed,
should remain a stipulation of testing and should not be excluded,
especially for single- and two-speed induction motor pumps, as NEMA-MG
requires only better than 7.5 percent of the regulated speed. (Pentair,
No. 11 at p. 3) China also commented that the proposed test procedure
did not define a test method for rotating speed and, similarly,
suggested maintaining speed between 80 and 110 percent of rated
rotating speed. (China, No. 14 at p. 3)
In response to Hayward's comment regarding the proposed exclusion
of section A.7 of HI 40.6-2014, as discussed in section III.E.1, DOE is
adopting alternative criteria to describe the test fluid in lieu of the
criteria specified in HI 40.6-2014. Therefore, a specific accommodation
to test at higher temperatures, as specified in appendix A.7 of HI
40.6-2014, is not required. In addition, DOE notes that the
instructions in section A.7 are not currently very descriptive and
could introduce ambiguity to the test. As such, DOE excludes section
A.7 of HI 40.6-2014 from incorporation by reference in this final rule.
In response to Pentair and China's comments regarding the
measurement of and tolerances related to rotational speed, DOE
clarifies that the adopted test procedure references specific load
points for different varieties and speed configurations of dedicated-
purpose pool pumps, as described in section III.D. These load points
were specifically recommended by the DPPP Working Group and include
specifications regarding the flow, head, and speed at each load point.
For example, single-speed pool filter pumps must be evaluated on curve
C at the maximum speed, which is typically the only speed
available.\39\ Two-speed pool filter pumps must be evaluated at the
maximum and low speed, which are, by definition, the only speeds
available on the pump. The load points for multi-speed and variable-
speed pool filter pumps do not specify speed values, but are described
with respect to specific head and flow requirements. In all cases,
tolerances around a given speed value are not relevant since there is
no ``target'' speed value that must be attained. Instead, DOE describes
tolerances around the tested flow or head values that must be achieved,
as those values have specified values or thresholds that must be
achieved and drive the specification of the load point. While the speed
is integral to attaining a given load point, the tested speed is a
dependent variable to satisfy the required head and flow values based
on the capabilities of the pump. Therefore, DOE does not believe that
allowing measurements at alternative speeds, either those specified in
section 40.6.5.5.2 or NEMA MG-1-2016, is necessary or relevant to the
DPPP test procedure. In addition, DOE understands the primary purpose
of section 40.6.5.5.2 is to accommodate testing of very large pumps
that may overload the power supply of the test lab when run at full
speed. DOE does not believe this is a concern for dedicated-purpose
pool pumps, most of which are less than 2.5 rated hydraulic horsepower.
Therefore, this final rule does not incorporate by reference section
40.6.5.5.2, and requires all testing to be conducted at the appropriate
load points specified in section III.D for each DPPP variety and speed
configuration. Regarding measurement of speed, DOE notes that HI 40.6-
2014, which is incorporated by reference in the adopted test procedure,
includes specifications for measuring rotating speed.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\39\ As described in more detail in section III.D.1.e, if a
dedicated-purpose pool pump does not meet the definition of a two-
speed, multi-speed, or variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump
discussed in section III.B.7, or the necessary criteria to apply the
two-speed test method discussed in section III.D.1.e, such a pump
must be tested using the single-speed pool filter pump test point,
regardless of the number of operating speeds the pump may have.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE did not receive any other comments pertaining to the other
sections DOE proposed to exclude from DOE's incorporation by reference.
Therefore, in this final rule, DOE is not incorporating by reference
section 40.6.4.1, 40.6.4.2, 40.6.5.3, 40.6.5.5.2, 40.6.6.1, section A.7
of appendix A, and appendix B of HI 40.6-2014 as part of the DOE test
procedure for dedicated-purpose pool pumps. In addition, as discussed
in section III.E.1, as DOE is adopting alternative criteria to describe
the test fluid. For that reason, DOE is also excluding section 40.6.5.5
from the incorporation by reference of HI 40.6-2014. To allow
manufacturers to make voluntary representations of other metrics, in
addition to WEF, DOE incorporates by reference section 40.6.5.5.1,
section 40.6.6.2, and section 40.6.6.3, of HI 40.6-2014 and clarifies
that these sections are not required for determination of WEF, but may
be optionally conducted to determine and make representations about
other DPPP performance parameters.
b. Calculation of Hydraulic Horsepower
In addition to the clarifications regarding the applicability of
certain sections of HI 40.6-2014 to the DPPP test procedure, DOE
believes that clarification is also required regarding the calculation
of hydraulic horsepower. As discussed in the September 2016 DPPP test
procedure NOPR, DOE proposed that hydraulic horsepower must be
calculated with a unit conversion factor of 3956, instead of 3960,
which is specified in HI 40.6-2014. 81 FR 64580, 64617 (Sept. 20,
2016). DOE explained that using a value of 3956 is more accurate and
precise given the properties of the specified test fluid. Also, as
noted, in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, the conversion
factor of 3956 was adopted also in the January 2016 general pumps test
procedure final rule. 81 FR 4086, 4109 (Jan. 25, 2016).
In response to DOE's proposal, during the September 2016 DPPP test
procedure NOPR public meeting, Hayward sought clarification from DOE,
as it believed that the value referred to the rotating speed of the
pump. Hayward questioned whether this was the same value used during
the DPPP Working Group meetings. (Hayward, Public Meeting Transcript,
No. 3 at pp. 62-63) In response, during the September 2016 DPPP test
procedure NOPR public meeting, Pentair clarified that the value was a
unit conversion (Pentair, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 3 at pp. 62-
63) and DOE clarified that the value of 3956 (as proposed in the
September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR) was the one used throughout
the DPPP Working Group meetings. APSP and Hayward later suggested, in
their written comments, that the DPPP test procedure continue to rely
on the 3960 value historically used in all hydraulic power
calculations. (APSP, No. 8 at p. 6)
While DOE believes that the value of 3956 proposed in the September
2016
[[Page 36891]]
DPPP test procedure NOPR is more precise and accurate given the
specific gravity of 1.0 assumed in the calculation of hydraulic power,
the value of the unit conversion (3956 or 3960) does not meaningfully
impact the resultant rated hydraulic horsepower within the number of
number of digits to which rated hydraulic horsepower is to be reported.
Therefore, in this final rule, DOE adopts a requirement that hydraulic
horsepower must be calculated with a unit conversion factor of 3960,
consistent with Hayward's request.
c. Data Collection and Determination of Stabilization
The DPPP test procedure must provide instructions regarding how to
sample and collect data at each load point. Such instructions must
ensure that the collected data are taken at stabilized conditions that
accurately and precisely represent the performance of the dedicated-
purpose pool pump at the designated load points, thus improving
repeatability of the test.
In the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE explained that
section 40.6.5.5.1 of HI 40.6-2014 provides that all measurements shall
be made under steady state conditions. DOE stated that the requirements
for determining when the pump is operating under steady state
conditions in HI 40.6-2014 were described as follows: (1) There is no
vortexing, (2) the margins are as specified in ANSI/HI 9.6.1,
``Rotodynamic Pumps Guideline for NPSH Margin,'' and (3) the mean value
of all measured quantities required for the test data point remains
constant within the permissible amplitudes of fluctuations defined in
Table 40.6.3.2.2 of HI 40.6-2014 over a minimum period of 10 seconds
before performance data are collected. 81 FR 64580, 64617 (Sept. 20,
2016).
In addition to the requirements specified in section 40.6.5.5.1 of
HI 40.6-2014, in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE
proposed requirements that at least two unique measurements must be
used to determine stabilization when testing pumps according to the
DPPP test procedure. 81 FR 64580, 64617 (Sept. 20, 2016). DOE explained
within the September 2016 test procedure NOPR, that HI 40.6-2014 does
not specify the measurement interval for determination of steady state
operation. Id. DOE's proposal of two measurements is the same as the
requirement established in the January 2016 general pumps test
procedure final rule. 81 FR 4086, 4011 (Jan. 25, 2016). This
requirement accommodates a longer period between the sampling of
individual data points, as compared to the ENERGY STAR program. 81 FR
64580, 64617 (Sept. 20, 2016).
Section 40.6.3.2.2 of HI 40.6-2014, ``Permissible fluctuations,''
specifies that permissible damping devices may be used to minimize
noise and large fluctuations in the data in order to achieve the
specifications noted in Table 40.6.3.2.2 of HI 40.6-2014. In the
September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, similar to the January 2016
general pumps test procedure final rule (81 FR 4086, 4011 (Jan. 25,
2016)), DOE proposed that damping devices are only permitted to
integrate up to the measurement interval to ensure that each
stabilization data point is reflective of a separate measurement. 81 FR
64580, 64617 (Sept. 20, 2016). DOE also proposed in the September 2016
DPPP test procedure NOPR that, for physical dampening devices, the
pressure indicator/signal must register 99 percent of a sudden change
in pressure over the measurement interval to satisfy the requirement
for unique measurements. This requirement is consistent with annex D of
ISO 3966:2008(E), ``Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits--
Velocity area method using Pitot static tubes,'' which is referenced in
HI 40.6-2014 for measuring flow with pitot tubes. 81 FR 64580, 64617
(Sept. 20, 2016).
In response to DOE's proposed stabilization requirements,
particularly those incorporated by reference in section 40.6.5.5.1 of
HI 40.6-2014, APSP and Hayward requested clarification of the
definition of ``vortexing'' and an explanation of how to specifically
determine if vortices are, or are not present. (APSP, No. 8 at pp.6-7;
Hayward, No. 6 at p. 6) In response, DOE acknowledges that DOE did not
propose a definition for ``vortexing'' or ``vortices,'' and such
definitions are not contained in HI 40.6-2014. After reviewing the
context of section 40.6.5.5.1 of HI 40.6-2014, DOE concludes that the
language of ``no vortexing'' is a redundant, but informative statement,
related to defining steady state conditions. In other words, vortexing
is a specific scenario, which would cause test readings to fluctuate
beyond the permissible amplitudes of fluctuations defined in Table
40.6.3.2.2 of HI 40.6-2014 over a minimum period of 10 seconds before
performance data are collected. Accordingly, DOE will not establish any
further definitions or verification procedures related to vortexing or
vortices. Under section 40.6.5.5.1 of HI 40.6-2014, as incorporated by
reference into the test procedure, steady state is achieved when the
mean value of all measured quantities required for the test data point
remain constant within the permissible amplitudes of fluctuations
defined in Table 40.6.3.2.2 over a minimum time of 10 seconds before
data are collected. No explicit measurement or determination of
vortexing or vortices is required.
DOE did not receive any additional comments on this proposal and,
therefore, is adopting, in this final rule, the proposal that
determination of stabilization must be made based on at least two
unique measurements and any damping devices are only permitted to
integrate up to the data collection interval.
d. Test Tolerances
As discussed in section III.D, DOE proposed in the September 2016
DPPP test procedure NOPR to specify unique load points for each DPPP
variety and speed configuration. As DOE noted in the September 2016
DPPP test procedure NOPR, HI 40.6-2014 does not specify how close a
measured data point must be to the specified load point or if that data
point must be corrected in any way for deviations from the specified
value. 81 FR 64580, 64617-18 (Sept. 20, 2016).
In the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, consistent with the
tolerances adopted in the ENERGY STAR test procedure, DOE proposed
tolerances of 2.5 percent on flow rate for self-priming and
non-self-priming pool filter pumps and pressure cleaner booster pumps.
However, due to the fact that the load point for waterfall pumps is
specified as a fixed head value, DOE proposed a tolerance of 2.5 percent of head for waterfall pumps. DOE did not propose a
tolerance on the tested speed, as the tested maximum speeds are
specific to each dedicated-purpose pool pump being tested. 81 FR 64580,
64617-18 (Sept. 20, 2016).
In response to DOE's proposal, APSP and Hayward commented that
maintaining 2.5 percent of the specified flow rate or head
value will be difficult to achieve, particularly with regards to the 10
gpm load point for pressure cleaner booster pumps. APSP and Hayward
requested any exemplary data that demonstrates stabilization can be
maintained within the specified tolerance at low head or flows and that
DOE consider a larger tolerance for low flow or head measurements
(APSP, No. 8 at p. 7; Hayward, No. 6 at p. 6).
In response to APSP's and Hayward's request for larger tolerances
on low flow and head values, DOE reiterates that DOE based the proposal
in the
[[Page 36892]]
September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR on the existing tolerance
requirements in the ENERGY STAR Test Method for Pool Pumps.\40\ The
ENERGY STAR method applies to all load points specified by the test
method, including the minimum speed test point for variable-speed
dedicated-purpose pool pumps. DOE also notes that the flow rates on
Curves A, B, and C at minimum flow rate for many variable-speed
dedicated-purpose pool pumps are at or below 10 gpm, as demonstrated in
DOE's Self-Priming Pool Filter Pump Performance Database. (Docket No.
EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 102) Specifically, 43 of the 83 total
variable-speed self-priming pool filter pumps in DOE's database report
flow rates less than or equal to 10 gpm and at least 19 of those 43
models are from the ENERGY STAR database.\41\ Based on the fact that
such requirements can be met to certify pumps in accordance with ENERGY
STAR, DOE believes that such a requirement can be met when conducting
the DOE DPPP test procedure. Although the pumps in the ENERGY STAR
database should be conforming to the flow and head tolerances, DOE does
not have access to source data to confirm this. Therefore, in light of
Hayward's comment, in this final rule, DOE is adopting a broader
tolerance requirement for lower flow scenarios. Specificity, the flow
tolerance will be 2.5 percent of the specified flow rate or
0.5 gpm, whichever is greater. DOE believes that a range of
1.0 gpm can reasonably be maintained with typical lab testing
equipment. DOE notes that such an accommodation is not necessary for
waterfall pumps, since the tolerance is a fixed 17.0 0.425
feet.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\40\ EPA. 2013. ``ENERGY STAR Program Requirements Product
Specification for Pool Pumps--Final Test Method.'' Available at:
https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/specs/Pool%20Pump%20Final%20Test%20Method%2001-15-2013.pdf.
\41\ ENERGY STAR maintains a database of certified products,
including pool pumps. See https://www.energystar.gov/productfinder/product/certified-pool-pumps/results.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In addition, based on the revised load points for multi-speed and
variable-speed pool filter pumps presented in section III.D.1.c, DOE
notes that the multi-speed and variable-speed pool filter pump load
points are now specified with respect to the head value (i.e., H =
0.0082 x Q\2\), while the flow point may vary based on the operating
speeds available on the pump. Therefore, in this final rule, DOE is
revising the tolerances for the multi-speed and variable-speed pool
filter pump test points to be achieved within 2.5 percent
of the specified head value, which is curve C. DOE is adopting all
other tolerances as proposed in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure
NOPR.
e. Power Supply Characteristics
In the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR and consistent with
the January 2016 general pumps test procedure final rule (81 FR 4086,
4112-4115 (Jan. 25, 2016)), DOE proposed tolerances for voltage,
frequency, voltage unbalance, and total harmonic distortion that must
be maintained at the input terminals to the motor and/or control, as
applicable, when conducting the DPPP test procedure. 81 FR 64580,
64618-19 (Sept. 20, 2016). DOE discussed how the measurement of input
power to the driver is an important element of the test, because input
power is a key component of WEF. In addition, in the September 2016
DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE discussed how large differences in
voltage, frequency, voltage unbalance, or total harmonic distortion can
affect the performance of the motor and/or control under test. Id.
DOE believes that, because dedicated-purpose pool pumps utilize
electrical equipment (i.e., motors and drives) similar to that used by
general pumps, such requirements also apply when testing dedicated-
purpose pool pumps. In the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE
proposed that when testing dedicated-purpose pool pumps the following
conditions would apply to the main power supplied to the motor or
controls, if any:
Voltage maintained within 5 percent of the
rated value of the motor.
Frequency maintained within 1 percent of the
rated value of the motor.
Voltage unbalance of the power supply maintained within
3 percent of the rated value of the motor.
Total harmonic distortion maintained at or below 12
percent throughout the test. 81 FR 64580, 64619 (Sept. 20, 2016).
APSP and Hayward submitted comments regarding voltage unbalance of
the power supply. APSP and Hayward were familiar with a voltage
unbalance in a three-phase power supply, but were unclear about how it
applied to a single-phase power supply. (APSP, No. 8 at p.7; Hayward,
No. 4 at p.1; Hayward, No. 6 at pp. 6-7) In response, voltage unbalance
or imbalance is defined as the largest difference between the average
RMS voltage and the RMS value of any single voltage phase divided by
the average RMS voltage, usually expressed as a percentage.\42\ Voltage
unbalance is a function of multiple phase power supplies and, by
definition, does not exist in single-phase power supplies. As there is
no voltage unbalance in a single-phase power supply, the requirement to
maintain voltage unbalance within 3 percent of the rated
value of the motor only applies to pumps with motors driven by a three-
phase power supply.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\42\ An overview by DOE on voltage unbalance can be found at:
http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2014/04/f15/eliminate_voltage_unbalanced_motor_systemts7.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
APSP and Hayward also requested that DOE confirm that the voltage
unbalance specification of ``3 percent of the rated value
of the motor'' applies to the rated voltage of the motor. (APSP, No. 8
at p. 7; Hayward, No. 6 at pp. 6-7) In response, DOE agrees that the
proposal in the September DPPP 2016 test procedure NOPR could be
clarified. DOE understands that motors typically do not have nominal
rated voltage unbalance values, similar to the nominal rated frequency
and voltage values listed on many motor nameplates. In this case
``3 percent of the rated value of the motor'' refers to
``the value at which the motor was rated.'' That is, the value is
referring to the voltage unbalance associated with the rated efficiency
of the motor. DOE also notes that, in IEEE Standard 112-2004, ``IEEE
Standard Test Procedure for Polyphase Induction Motors and
Generators,'' (IEEE 112-2004) and the Canadian Standards Association
(CSA) C390-10, ``Test methods, marking requirements, and energy
efficiency levels for three-phase induction motors,'' (CSA C390-10),
which are the test methods incorporated by reference as the DOE test
procedure for electric motors, a voltage unbalance of <=0.5 percent is
required. Therefore, the requirement of ``3 percent of the
value at which the motor was rated'' can also be interpreted as <=3.5
percent for motors rated in accordance with DOE's electric motor test
procedure. In this final rule, DOE will specify the voltage unbalance
requirement as ``3 percent of value with which the motor
was rated.''
During the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR public meeting,
CA IOUs, DOE, and Hayward discussed total harmonic distortion (THD).
Hayward inquired about differences related to tolerances between the
September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR and ENERGY STAR and
specifically sought indication of whether the tolerances in DOE's
proposal were more stringent than ENERGY STAR. (Hayward, Public
[[Page 36893]]
Meeting Transcript, No. 3 at p. 58) DOE responded during the September
2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR public meeting that ENERGY STAR requires
THD to be less than 2 percent and DOE's proposal was less than 12
percent. (DOE, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 3 at p. 59) CA IOUs noted
that ENERGY STAR's THD requirements were much more stringent than the
proposed DOE requirements and raised questions if current test labs can
comply with this value. (CA IOUs, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 3 at
pp. 59-60) Hayward responded that upon initial review, if a
manufacturer is already conducting ENERGY STAR testing in-house, that
the DOE proposal does not seem more stringent, nor did Hayward believe
that the DOE proposal would require any more elaborate equipment.
(Hayward, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 3 at p. 60) CA IOUs responded
that a different THD value might be necessary in that the DOE's
proposal of 12 percent seems unreasonably high, but ENERGY STAR's
requirement of 2 percent seems unreasonably low. (CA IOUs, Public
Meeting Transcript, No. 3 at p. 60)
Regarding Hayward's inquiry as to the relative stringency of DOE's
proposed power supply characteristics as compared to the ENERGY STAR
\43\ test procedure for pool pumps,\44\ DOE notes that all of DOE's
proposed power supply characteristic requirements are equivalent to or
less stringent than the existing ENERGY STAR requirements, as shown in
Table III.9.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\43\ ENERGY STAR is a joint program of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) and DOE that establishes a voluntary rating,
certification, and labeling program for highly energy efficient
consumer products and commercial equipment. Information on the
program is available at www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home.index.
\44\ EPA. 2013. ``ENERGY STAR Program Requirements Product
Specification for Pool Pumps--Final Test Method. Rev. Jan-2013''
https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/specs/Pool%20Pump%20Final%20Test%20Method%2001-15-2013.pdf.
Table III.9--Comparison of Power Supply Characteristics Requirements Proposed in DOE's September 2016 DPPP Test
Procedure NOPR and in the ENERGY STAR Test Method for Pool Pumps \45\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE September 2016 DPPP test
Power supply characteristic procedure NOPR proposal ENERGY STAR
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Voltage................................. within 5 percent of within 1.0 percent of
the rated value of the motor. the rated value of the motor.
Frequency............................... within 5 percent of within 1.0 percent of
the rated value of the motor. the rated value of the motor.
Voltage Unbalance....................... within 3 percent of N/A.
the rated value of the motor.
Total Harmonic Distortion............... <=12 percent...................... <=2.0 percent.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
With regard to CA IOUs comment regarding DOE's proposed tolerance
on THD perhaps being too large, DOE notes that the THD tolerance of 12
percent was developed based on reasonable limits that motor systems
should be designed to handle. Further, a THD tolerance of 12 percent is
widely available on the national electrical grid and, therefore, is not
unduly burdensome to attain during testing. DOE discussed this
justification, at length, in the January 2016 general pumps test
procedure final rule. 81 FR 4086, 4112-4118 (Jan. 25, 2016) For
example, regarding limitations on harmonic distortion on the power
supply, the AMO publication, ``Improving Motor and Drive System
Performance'' (AMO motor sourcebook) states that electrical equipment
is often rated to handle 5 percent THD (as defined in IEEE 519-2014
\46\), and notes that motors are typically much less sensitive to
harmonics than computers or communication systems.\47\ In addition,
section 5.1 of IEEE 519-2014 recommends line-to-neutral harmonic
voltage limits of 5.0 percent individual harmonic distortion and 8.0
percent voltage THD for weekly 95th percentile short time (10 min)
values, measured to the 50th harmonic. The IEEE standard also indicates
that daily 99th percentile very short time (3 second) values should be
less than 1.5 times these values.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\45\ EPA. 2013. ``ENERGY STAR Program Requirements Product
Specification for Pool Pumps--Final Test Method. Rev. Jan-2013''
https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/specs/Pool%20Pump%20Final%20Test%20Method%2001-15-2013.pdf.
\46\ IEEE. 2014. Standard 519: ``IEEE Recommended Practice and
Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electric Power Systems.''
Available at: https://standards.ieee.org/findstds/standard/519-2014.html.
\47\ DOE EERE. Improving Motor and Drive System Performance--A
Sourcebook for Industry. February 2014. Available at www.energy.gov/eere/amo/motor-systems.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hayward also submitted written comments stating that DOE's proposed
voltage, frequency, voltage unbalance, and THD requirements are
suitable for testing dedicated-purpose pool pumps and were reasonably
achievable in existing laboratory environments. (Hayward, No. 6 at p.
7) Additionally, Hayward submitted written comments that the proposed
power supply requirements in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure
NOPR are in alignment with (or not as stringent as) the power supply
requirements for other pool pump industry programs including ENERGY
STAR, NSF, and UL. (Hayward, No. 6 at p. 7) Similarly, APSP stated that
DOE's proposed power supply requirements were less stringent than the
requirements used in DOE motor efficiency testing. (APSP, No. 8 at p.
7) Both APSP and Hayward felt that existing equipment would be more
than capable of meeting the proposed requirements. (APSP, No. 8 at p.
7; Hayward, No. 6 at p. 7). Ultimately, for the reasons discussed in
this section, DOE adopts requirements in this final rule that when
testing dedicated-purpose pool pumps the main power supplied to the
motor or controls, if any, must maintain voltage within 5
percent of the rated value of the motor, frequency within 1
percent of the rated value of the motor, voltage unbalance of the power
supply maintained within 3 percent of the value with which
the motor was rated, and total harmonic distortion maintained at or
below 12 percent throughout the test.
f. Measurement Equipment for Testing
Appendix C of HI 40.6-2014, which DOE is incorporating by reference
into the DPPP test procedure, specifies the required instrumentation to
measure head, speed, flow rate, torque, temperature, and electrical
input power to the motor. In the September 2016 DPPP test procedure
NOPR, DOE proposes to refer to appendix C of HI 40.6-2014, as
incorporated by reference (see section III.E.1), to specify the
required instrumentation to measure head, speed, flow rate, and
temperature in the DPPP test procedure. 81 FR 64580, 64619-64620 (Sept.
20, 2016). However, DOE noted that for the purposes of measuring input
power to the motor or control, as applicable, of DPPP models, the
equipment specified in section C.4.3.1, ``electric power input to the
motor,'' of HI 40.6-2014 may not be sufficient. Instead, DOE proposed
requirements that electrical measurements for determining pump
[[Page 36894]]
power input be taken using equipment capable of measuring current,
voltage, and real power up to at least the 40th harmonic of fundamental
supply source frequency \48\ and have an accuracy level of 2.0 percent of the measured value when measured at the
fundamental supply source frequency when rating pumps using the
testing-based methods or with a calibrated motor. Id. These proposed
requirements are consistent with other relevant industry standards \49\
for measurement of input power to motor and drive systems and the
January 2016 general pumps test procedure final rule. 81 FR 4086, 4118-
19 (Jan. 25, 2016) DOE notes that the September 2016 DPPP test
procedure NOPR contained inconsistent statements with regard to whether
the accuracy requirement was with respect to full scale or the measured
value. Specifically, the preamble (81 FR 64619-64620) discussed the
accuracy requirement with respect to full scale, while the proposed
regulatory text discussed accuracy requirements with respect to the
measured value (81 FR 64650). The proposed regulatory text contained
the correct proposal, which is that electrical measurement equipment
must be accurate to 2.0 percent of the measured value. DOE
notes that this is consistent with the requirements adopted in the
January 2016 general pumps test procedure final rule and is less
stringent than the requirements contained in the ENERGY STAR Test
Method for Pool Pumps,\50\ which requires accuracy of 1.5 percent of
the measured value for power measurement.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\48\ CSA C838-13 requires measurement up to the 50th harmonic.
However, DOE believes that measurement up to the 40th harmonic is
sufficient, and the difference between the two types of frequency
measurement equipment will not be appreciable.
\49\ Specifically, DOE identified AHRI 1210-2011, ``2011
Standard for Performance Rating of Variable Frequency Drives''; the
2013 version of CSA Standard C838, ``Energy efficiency test methods
for three-phase variable frequency drive systems''; CSA C390-10,
``Test methods, marking requirements, and energy efficiency levels
for three-phase induction motors''; and IEC 61000-4-7, ``Testing and
measurement techniques--General guide on harmonics and
interharmonics measurements and instrumentation, for power supply
systems and equipment connected thereto'' as relevant to the
measurement of input power to the motor or control.
\50\ EPA. 2013. ``ENERGY STAR Program Requirements Product
Specification for Pool Pumps--Final Test Method.'' Available at:
https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/specs/Pool%20Pump%20Final%20Test%20Method%2001-15-2013.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In response to DOE's proposal, Hayward commented that the
manufacturer of the power analyzer within Hayward's lab met the level
of accuracy proposed in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR.
(Hayward, No. 6 at p. 11) APSP also commented that currently existing
motor test data acquisition equipment is adequate to meet the tolerance
limits proposed by DOE. (APSP, No. 8 at p. 7)
Therefore, for the reasons discussed in this section, DOE adopts
that electrical measurement equipment must be capable of measuring
current, voltage, and real power up to at least the 40th harmonic of
fundamental supply source frequency and having an accuracy level of
2.0 percent of the measured value when measured at the
fundamental supply source frequency.
DOE also noted in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR that
HI 40.6-2014 does not contain any requirements for the instruments used
for measuring distance. Distance must be measured when determining the
self-priming capability of self-priming and non-self-priming pool
filter pumps (see section III.G.2). 81 FR 64580, 64620 (Sept. 20,
2016). As such, DOE proposed in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure
NOPR to require instruments for measuring distance that are accurate to
and have a resolution of at least 0.1 inch to improve
consistency and repeatability of test results. Id. DOE noted that,
although this accuracy requirement is generally applicable, when used
in combination with other instruments to measure head, both the
accuracy requirements of distance-measuring instruments and the
specified accuracies for measurement of differential, suction, and
discharge head apply. Id.
DOE received no comments related to this proposal. Therefore, in
this final rule, DOE requires instruments for measuring distance that
are accurate to and have a resolution of at least 0.1 inch.
g. Calculation and Rounding Modifications and Additions
DOE notes HI 40.6-2014 does not specify how to round values for
calculation and reporting purposes. DOE recognizes that the manner in
which values are rounded can affect the resulting WEF, and all WEF
values should be reported with the same precision. Therefore, to
improve the accuracy and consistency of calculations, DOE proposed in
the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR that raw measured data be
used to calculate WEF and the resultant value be rounded to the nearest
0.1. 81 FR 64580, 64620 (Sept. 20, 2016). Similarly, DOE proposed that
all values of EF, maximum head, vertical lift, and true priming time be
reported to the tenths place and all other values be reported to the
hundredths place. 81 FR 64580, 64650 (Sept. 20, 2016).
DOE received no comments related to this proposal. However, DOE
notes that the June 2016 DPPP Working Group Recommendations and January
2017 DPPP DFR specify separate standards for self-priming pool filter
pumps with rated hydraulic horsepower greater than or equal to 0.711 hp
and less than 0.711 hp. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 82,
Recommendation #1 at pp. 1-2; 86 FR 5650, 5743). As such, DOE notes
that rated hydraulic horsepower must be reported to the thousandths
place, consistent with the precision desired by the DPPP Working Group
in their equipment class specifications. Therefore, in this final rule,
DOE adopts that all calculations shall be performed with raw measured
data; that WEF, EF, maximum head, vertical lift, and true priming time
be rounded to the nearest tenths place; that rated hydraulic horsepower
be reported to the nearest thousandths place; and all other values be
rounded to the hundredths place.
F. Representations of Test Metrics
In the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE stated that
manufacturers of equipment that are addressed by the proposed test
procedure would have 180 days after the publication of the test
procedure final rule to begin using the DOE procedure as the basis for
representations. However, DOE clarified that manufacturers would not be
required to certify or otherwise make representations regarding the
performance of applicable dedicated-purpose pool pumps using the WEF
metric until the compliance date of any potential energy conservation
standards that DOE might set for dedicated-purpose pool pumps. However,
if manufacturers elect to make representations of WEF prior to such
compliance date, they will be required to do so using the DOE test
procedure. 81 FR 64580, 64627-28 (Sept. 20, 2016).
In the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE also discussed
how other metrics that are outcomes of the DPPP test procedure would
also need to be updated to be consistent with the final DPPP test
procedure 180 days after publication of the final rule in the Federal
Register. Specifically, DOE also proposed establishing standardized and
consistent methods for determining several DPPP metrics, including DPPP
horsepower metrics, EF, pump efficiency, overall efficiency, driver
power input, pump power output, and power factor. One hundred and
eighty (180) days after the publication of this final rule any
representations of those
[[Page 36895]]
metrics would also be required to be based on values consistent with
the DOE test procedure. DOE notes that some of these test methods and
representations were proposed as optional to allow manufacturers to
make such representations if they chose to. Id.
DOE received many comments related to the representation of
efficiency metrics, including use of alternative metrics, the
definition of a representation, the impact on voluntary programs, and
the timing required to transition to the new test procedure. These
comments and DOE's responses are discussed in the following sections
III.F.1, III.F.2, III.F.3, and III.F.4.
1. Representations of Primary Efficiency Metrics
As discussed in section III.C, DOE is adopting the WEF as the
regulatory metric for defining the energy efficiency of dedicated-
purpose pool pumps. Typically, DOE only includes in the test procedure
the DOE metric (the metric used for the energy conservation standards),
and EPCA requires manufacturers to switch over to use of the DOE metric
for representations beginning 180 days of publication of the test
procedure final rule. This helps ensure standardization of efficiency
representations throughout the industry and eliminates potential
confusion in the market place if multiple non-equivalent metrics are
used to describe the same piece of equipment. DOE believes that
requiring use of the single, standardized DOE metric determined through
a public notice and comment process is the most appropriate approach. A
single, standardized metric that provides a comprehensive picture of
the equipment's energy performance will provide a clear and consistent
basis for consumers to compare and select dedicated-purpose pool pumps.
As described in detail in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure
NOPR, EF is the metric currently used in the industry to describe the
energy performance of dedicated-purpose pool pumps. 81 FR 64580, 64598-
64600 (Sept. 20, 2016). EF describes the efficiency of the dedicated-
purpose pool pump, in terms of gal/Wh, at a single speed point and on a
single system curve. However, there are multiple tested speeds and
system curves that can be used to determine EF, resulting in multiple
EF values. For example, a single pump can have up to nine different EF
values, making selection and comparison of equipment confusing.
Conversely, WEF uses the same measured input data as EF (flow in
gallons and input power in W), but weights the efficiency of the pump
at multiple speeds into one comprehensive and consistent metric that
better represents the average efficiency of the equipment during
typical operation. This makes product comparison and selection more
straightforward. During the DPPP Working Group discussions, the Working
Group members agreed that the weighted average approach was a good
approach to achieve a single energy metric that would be representative
of the energy efficiency of dedicated-purpose pool pumps, while
allowing for an equitable differentiation and comparison of performance
among different DPPP models and technologies and providing the
necessary and sufficient information for purchasers to make informed
decisions regarding DPPP selection. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008,
No. 38 at pp. 212-213; Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 58 at pp.
170-171 and 178) The DPPP Working Group also agreed that, currently,
comparing the multiple EF values was confusing and made equipment
comparisons difficult. The DPPP Working Group also stated that some of
the EF values did not meaningfully represent the efficiency of the
equipment . (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 38 at p. 133; Docket
No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 58 at pp. 170-171)
However, the DPPP Working Group also discussed the importance of
the EF metric for making product selections for specific applications
or making energy saving calculations in support of utility programs.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 38 at p. 133 and 213-214; Docket
No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 58 at pp. 167-170 and 174-175) Due to
the interest expressed in the use of the EF metric during the DPPP
Working Group negotiations, in contrast to typical practice, DOE
proposed to allow the representation of two metrics, EF and WEF.
Specifically, DOE proposed to include EF as an optional alternative
metric in addition to WEF. 81 FR 64580, 64627-64628 (Sept. 20, 2016).
DOE notes that the use of this optional additional metric is a unique
allowance in this case, a result of a negotiated rulemaking where the
industry clearly represented the importance of maintaining the use of
the EF metric. DOE provided the DPPP Working Group with an opportunity
through the NOPR to formally express their intent to continue using EF
as an alternative metric at multiple speeds and/or system curves, in
addition to WEF, to describe the energy performance of dedicated-
purpose pool pumps.
In the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR public meeting, the
CA IOUs expressed support for the ability to test EF at different
speeds, in addition to the DOE metric. (CA IOUs, Public Meeting
Transcript, No. 3 at pp. 78-79) However, other commenters requested
clarification regarding the allowance for the representation of two
metrics in DOE's proposal and described how the use of multiple metrics
may cause confusion and complicate ratings with other voluntary
industry programs. Specifically, during the public meeting and
subsequent written comments, APSP, Pentair, and Hayward expressed
confusion and concern related to representations of EF, coordination
with ENERGY STAR and other entities, and standardization of reported
metrics across the industry. (Pentair, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 3
at pp. 8-9, Hayward, No. 6 at p. 1, APSP, No. 8 at p. 2; Pentair, No.
11 at p. 5)
DOE notes that such representations are governed by statute. EPCA
requires that, manufacturers of dedicated-purpose pool pumps within the
scope of the DPPP test procedure will be required to use the test
procedure established in this rulemaking when making representations
about the energy efficiency or energy use of their equipment.
Specifically, 42 U.S.C. 6314(d) provides that, ``[e]ffective 180 days
after a test procedure rule applicable to any covered equipment is
prescribed . . . , [n]o manufacturer . . . may make any representation
. . . respecting the energy consumption of such equipment or cost of
energy consumed by such equipment, unless such equipment has been
tested in accordance with such test procedure and such representation
fairly discloses the results of such testing.''
Therefore, beginning 180 days after publication of this final rule,
any representations made with respect to the energy use or efficiency
of dedicated-purpose pool pumps subject to testing pursuant to 10 CFR
431.464(b) must be made in accordance with the results of testing
pursuant to appendix B. Manufacturers will not be required to certify
or make or make other representations regarding the performance of
applicable dedicated-purpose pool pumps using the WEF metric until July
19, 2021, the compliance date of energy conservation standards for
dedicated-purpose pool pumps. If, however, manufacturers elect to make
representations of efficiency prior to July 19, 2021, they will be
required to do so using a measurement of the WEF metric derived from
use of the DOE test procedure.
[[Page 36896]]
Given the confusion regarding the use of the optional metrics
expressed by the majority of interested parties, DOE is adopting, in
this final rule, modifications to its proposal to ensure consistency
with DOE's test procedure in the long term. Specifically, DOE is
providing a test procedure to derive an EF metric, but only for
representations made before July 19, 2021, the compliance date of any
energy conservation standards for dedicated-purpose pool pumps. Thus,
in this final rule, DOE is adopting two appendices. The first (appendix
B) must be used beginning 180 days after publication of the final rule
until July 19, 2021, the compliance date of energy conservation
standards and includes both WEF and the optional EF method. However,
DOE notes that if appendix B is used to make representations of the
optional metric EF, the manufacturer must also make representations of
the required metric WEF, such that, as required by EPCA, the
representations ``fairly disclose the results of testing'' under
appendix B. (42 U.S.C. 6314(d)).
The second appendix (C) includes only the WEF metric. Manufacturers
must make representations in accordance with appendix C on or after
July 19, 2021, the compliance date of the adopted energy conservation
standards, including when certifying compliance with those standards.
As appendix C does not provide a procedure to arrive at an EF metric,
after July 19, 2021, representations of EF will no longer be allowed.
Through the use of these two appendices, DOE is clarifying that the
industry has until July 19, 2021, the compliance date of adopted energy
conservation standards to transition completely to WEF. DOE believes
that the transition to use of this one, standardized metric will reduce
confusion among manufacturers and in the marketplace. However, prior to
July 19, 2021, DOE is allowing manufactures to continue to make
representations using the EF metric, if tested in accordance with the
appendix B, during the transition to representations using only the WEF
metric derived from the test procedures in appendix C. DOE is allowing
this optional continued use of EF until July 19, 2021, to provide the
industry with increased time to transition fully to the new WEF metric,
due to the interest in maintaining the EF metric expressed by the DPPP
Working Group. DOE also notes that use of appendix B is optional and
manufacturers may decline to make representations of EF and WEF, or any
other DPPP metrics, until July 19, 2021, when representations must be
based on the results of testing under appendix C.
2. Definition of Representation
In response to the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, Hayward
requested a definition of the term representation. (Hayward, No. 6 at
p. 1) During the NOPR public meeting Hayward also requested that DOE
provide an example of what would be a typical representation applied to
other regulated products. (Hayward, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 3 at
p. 9)
In response, DOE notes that there is no formal definition of
representation. However, as noted previously, 42 U.S.C. 6314(d), which
establishes the 180-day representation requirements, states that
manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and private labelers are
prohibited from making ``any representation--in writing (including any
representation on a label) or in any broadcast advertisement respecting
the energy consumption of such equipment or cost of energy consumed by
such equipment, unless such equipment has been tested in accordance
with such test procedure and such representation fairly discloses the
results of such testing.'' Therefore, representations include any and
all values that are generated by the test procedure, as well as any
statement regarding the energy consumption or cost of energy consumed.
Representations include, for example, any information included in
operation and installation manuals, in marketing materials, on a Web
site, or on the equipment label, as well as verbal statements made in
broadcast advertisements.
In response to Hayward's request for an example of what would be a
typical representation, potentially for a different product or piece of
equipment, DOE provided the example at the September 2016 DPPP test
procedure NOPR public meeting of a residential refrigerator where any
representation of how much electricity the refrigerator consumes made
in a manufacturer's literature or on their Web site would need to be
made based on the appropriate DOE test procedure for that product. DOE
stated that any metrics that come out of the DOE test procedure must be
based on testing in accordance with that test procedure. (DOE, Public
Meeting Transcript, No. 3 at pp. 9-10). For dedicated-purpose pool
pumps, the relevant metrics as proposed were WEF, EF, rated hydraulic
horsepower, DPPP nominal motor horsepower, DPPP total horsepower, DPPP
service factor, true power factor, and maximum head, as well as pump
efficiency, overall (wire-to-water) efficiency, driver power input, and
pump power output (hydraulic horsepower), graphically or in numerical
form, and potentially at a variety of speeds or load points.
3. Impact on Voluntary and Other Regulatory Programs
Hayward asked whether or not current the current reporting of data
(e.g., EF, horsepower, service factor, etc.) to EPA, CEC, and APSP are
affected by this rulemaking (and whether DOE would work with those
entities to update their standards). (Hayward, No. 6 at p. 1) Pentair
also requested clarification regarding whether or not the EF value
displayed in the ENERGY STAR database would be subject to DOE test
procedures and representation requirements 180 days after publication
of the final rule. (Pentair, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 3 at pp. 8-
9) CA IOUs were supportive of the DOE DPPP test procedure being
incorporated by ENERGY STAR as well as if ENERGY STAR or other
organizations wanted to test at different speeds, they could use the
DOE test procedure, but specify the speed accordingly. (CA IOUs, Public
Meeting Transcript, No. 3 at pp. 78-79)
In response to Hayward and Pentair's comments regarding the
reporting of EF, DOE clarifies that, as discussed previously, 180 days
after publication of the final rule in the Federal Register, all
representations of energy and efficiency metrics, including EF, will
need to be updated to be consistent with the final DPPP test procedure.
This is a statutory requirement of EPCA, not a timeframe set by DOE.
DOE understands that manufacturers of pumps likely have historical test
data which were developed with methods consistent with the DOE test
procedure being adopted in this final rule. DOE notes that it does not
expect that manufacturers will need to regenerate all of the historical
test data as long as the tested units remain representative of the
basic model's current design and the rating remains valid under the
adopted method of test for dedicated-purpose pool pumps. If the testing
methods used to generate historical ratings for DPPP basic models are
substantially different from those adopted in this final rule or the
manufacturer has changed the design of the basic model, the
representations resulting from the historical methods would no longer
be valid.
APSP and Hayward noted that because DOE proposes EF as kgal/kWh, it
is not consistent with other programs that require reporting it as gal/
Wh, and therefore the same number would be reported with different
units. (APSP, No. 8 at p. 9; Hayward, No. 6 at p. 8)
[[Page 36897]]
In response, DOE notes that, although the DOE test procedure for EF
proposed to use kgal/kWh instead of gal/Wh, these values are
numerically equivalent. However, for consistency with previous ratings,
in this final rule, DOE is adopting units of gal/Wh for the optional EF
test metric.
With regard to coordination with voluntary and other regulatory
programs in general, DOE notes that during the Working Group meetings
and the NOPR public meeting, it was made clear to stakeholders that not
only the industry, but also ENERGY STAR and CEC, would have to
transition to the DOE test procedure within 180 days of publication of
the test procedure final rule. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No.
54 at pp. 42-43; Public Meeting Transcript, No. 3 at pp. 9-11) On or
after this date, representations must be made in accordance with the
adopted DOE test procedure. Accordingly, DOE expects that both ENERGY
STAR and CEC will transition to DOE's WEF metric and test procedure.
DOE will work with ENERGY STAR and CEC to make this transition.
However, during this period of transition, manufacturers may still be
making representations of EF for other programs and must determine
whether their historical test data is valid in accordance with the DOE
test procedure or not. After 180 days, all representations, including
representations of EF, must be made in accordance with the DOE test
procedure. In the case any historical test data is determined not to be
valid, that DPPP model must be retested in order to continue making
representations of EF.
4. Request for Extension
Hayward requested an extension of the 180 day timeframe for
representations to allow manufacturers sufficient time to obtain the
necessary resources, equipment, and personnel to respond to DOE's
request. (Hayward, No. 6 at p. 1) Pentair and APSP stated that it was
impossible to comply with the 180 day requirement for publishing
performance and labeling products according to the DOE test procedure,
particularly due to the relationship with ENERGY STAR requirements.
They also noted that introducing new terms into the market so early
would be disruptive. Therefore, they requested that the 180 day
requirement be changed to coincide with the compliance date of energy
conservation standards. (APSP, No. 8 at p. 2; Pentair, No. 11 at p. 5)
In response to Pentair and APSP's concerns about labeling and
introduction of new metrics, DOE did not propose that products be
labeled within the 180 day period (see section III.I). Furthermore, DOE
notes that manufacturers may decline to make any representations of
WEF, or any other DPPP metrics, until July 19, 2021, meaning that no
equipment is required to be rated in accordance with the DOE test
procedure within 180 days. EPCA does require, however, that any
representation that a manufacturer may choose to make on a label or
otherwise must reflect testing under the applicable DOE test procedure,
beginning 180 days after publication of this final rule. (42 U.S.C.
6314(d)) In this case, they must make representations of WEF at a
minimum, but may choose to continue making representations of EF,
reflective of the results of testing in accordance with appendix B,
until July 19, 2021.
DOE acknowledges that some DPPP models currently participate in
voluntary industry programs, such as ENERGY STAR, that rely on the EF
metric. As such, DOE is accommodating the continued use of the EF
metric until July 19, 2021 to allow a smooth transition in the
industry, as requested by Pentair and APSP. However, as mentioned
previously, both ENERGY STAR and CEC are also required to transition to
DOE's new WEF metric and test procedure within 180 days. In addition,
after July 19, 2021, only representations of WEF will be allowed, as
representation of EF would not be reflective of testing under appendix
C of the DPPP test procedure. DOE believes this should address Pentair
and APSP's concern regarding market confusion with new metrics.
DOE notes that 42 U.S.C. 6314(d)(2) allows manufacturers to
petition for an extension of up to another 180 days in the case of
undue hardship to the manufacturer. However, because a finding as to
undue hardship is particular to a given manufacturer, the petition must
be filed by the manufacturer within 60 days of the publication of this
final rule, specifying the hardship to the manufacturer that would
result from the 180-day requirement, and any extension will be
determined by the Secretary on a case-by-case basis. (42 U.S.C.
6314(d)(2))
G. Additional Test Methods
In addition to the measurements and calculations necessary to
determine WEF, DOE also must establish consistent terminology and
measurement methods to categorize the capacity and maximum head of a
given dedicated-purpose pool pump, as well as establish whether a given
dedicated-purpose pool pump is self-priming. Specifically, as discussed
in section III.D, DOE is establishing different load points and
reference curves based on the rated hydraulic horsepower of a given
pool filter pump. DOE's standardized and consistent method for
determining DPPP capacity is discussed in section III.G.1. As discussed
in section III.B.3.a, DOE also is differentiating pool filter pumps
based on whether they are self-priming. DOE's test method for
determining the self-priming capability of dedicated-purpose pool pumps
is discussed in section III.G.2. In addition, waterfall pumps are
categorized with respect to the maximum head the pump can produce.
DOE's test method for determining maximum head is discussed in section
III.G.3.
1. Determination of DPPP Capacity
As discussed in detail in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure
NOPR, industry currently uses several terms to characterize the
capacity of dedicated-purpose pool pumps, including total horsepower,
DPPP motor capacity, nameplate horsepower, rated horsepower, max-rated
horsepower, up-rated horsepower, brake horsepower, service factor
horsepower, peak power, and hydraulic horsepower. 81 FR 64580, 64620-
64623 (Sept. 20, 2016). The DPPP Working Group discussed these terms
and recommended standardizing the terminology by referring to pump
capacity around the hydraulic horsepower provided by the pump at a
specific load point. (Docket No., EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 56 at pp.
148-173) In addition, the DPPP Working Group recommended that DOE
assist in standardizing the testing and rating of dedicated-purpose
pool pumps with regard to other typical horsepower metrics. (Docket No.
EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 92 at pp. 319-322) Specifically, the June
2016 DPPP Working Group recommended that DOE should investigate a label
that would facilitate proper application and include specified
horsepower information. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 82,
Recommendation #9 at p. 5) Section III.G.1.a and section III.G.1.b
contain DOE's proposals and the adopted provisions related to rated
hydraulic horsepower and other DPPP motor horsepower metrics,
respectively.
a. Rated Hydraulic Horsepower
In the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE proposed to
consistently refer to and categorize dedicated-purpose pool pumps based
on the hydraulic horsepower they can produce at a particular load
point, as measured in accordance with the new DPPP test procedure. 81
FR 64580,
[[Page 36898]]
64620-64623 (Sept. 20, 2016). In order to have consistent and
comparable values of hydraulic horsepower, the DPPP test procedure must
also specify a load point at which to determine the hydraulic
horsepower. DOE proposed to categorize dedicated-purpose pool pumps
based on the hydraulic horsepower determined at maximum speed on the
reference curve for each DPPP variety and speed configuration (section
III.D) and at full impeller diameter to result in consistent and
comparable ratings among DPPP varieties and speed configurations. Id.
While hydraulic horsepower (termed pump power output \51\) is
defined in HI 40.6-2014, in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure
NOPR, DOE proposed to use the term ``rated hydraulic horsepower'' to
specifically identify the measured hydraulic horsepower on the
reference curve (i.e., curve C for self-priming and non-self-priming
pool filter pumps) or the specified load point (i.e., 17.0 ft or 10.0
gpm for waterfall pumps or pressure cleaner booster pumps,
respectively) at the maximum speed and full impeller diameter for the
rated pump. 81 FR 64580, 64622 (Sept. 20, 2016). DOE's goal in
proposing this term was to unambiguously specify the pump power
characteristic and differentiate it from the general term ``hydraulic
horsepower'' that can be determined at any location on the pump curve.
Id. In addition, DOE proposed in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure
NOPR that the representative value of rated horsepower, for each basic
model of dedicated-purpose pool pump, be determined as the mean of the
rated hydraulic horsepower for each tested unit measured in accordance
with the new DPPP test procedure. Id. The test method for determining
hydraulic horsepower (pump power output) is described in more detail in
section III.E.2.b.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\51\ The term ``pump power output'' in HI 40.6 is defined as
``the mechanical power transferred to the liquid as it passes
through the pump, also known as pump hydraulic power.'' It is used
synonymously with ``hydraulic horsepower'' in this document.
However, where hydraulic horsepower is used to reference the
capacity of a dedicated-purpose pool pump, it refers to the rated
hydraulic horsepower.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE did not receive any comments related to the proposed definition
of rated hydraulic horsepower, the proposal to base the
characterization of DPPP capacity on rated hydraulic horsepower, or the
proposed method for determining representative values of rated
hydraulic horsepower. Consequently, DOE is adopting the terminology and
test methods proposed in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR
without modification.
b. Other DPPP Motor Horsepower Metrics
DPPP Working Group suggested that DOE assist in standardizing the
testing and rating of dedicated-purpose pool pumps with regard to other
typical horsepower metrics (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 92 at
pp. 319-322). In the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE
reviewed the terms typically used in the DPPP industry to characterize
motor horsepower. 81 FR 64580, 64622 (Sept. 20, 2016). To alleviate any
ambiguity associated with rated horsepower, total horsepower, and
service factor, DOE proposed, in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure
NOPR, the terms ``DPPP nominal motor horsepower,'' ``DPPP motor total
horsepower,'' and ``DPPP service factor.'' 81 64580, 64622-64623 (Sept.
20, 2016). The proposed definitions for these terms are as follows:
Dedicated-purpose pool pump nominal motor horsepower means
the nominal motor horsepower as determined in accordance with the
applicable procedures in NEMA-MG-1-2014.
Dedicated-purpose pool pump motor total horsepower (also
known as service factor horsepower) means the product of the dedicated-
purpose pool pump nominal motor horsepower and the dedicated-purpose
pool pump service factor of a motor used on a dedicated-purpose pool
pump based on the maximum continuous duty motor power output rating
allowable for the nameplate ambient rating and motor insulation class.
Dedicated-purpose pool pump service factor means a
multiplier applied to the rated horsepower of a pump motor to indicate
the percent above nameplate horsepower at which the motor can operate
continuously without exceeding its allowable insulation class
temperature limit. 81 FR 64580, 64622-64623 (Sept. 20, 2016).
The definitions proposed in the NOPR were developed based on the
existing industry definitions for these terms. However, the term
``dedicated-purpose pool pump nominal motor horsepower'' is defined
slightly differently than the terms ``rated horsepower'' or ``nameplate
horsepower,'' which are synonymous in the industry. Specifically, DOE
defines DPPP nominal motor horsepower based on the nominal horsepower
of the motor with which the dedicated-purpose pool pump is distributed
in commerce, as determined in accordance with the applicable procedures
in NEMA MG-1-2014, ``Motors and Generators.'' Id.
In response to DOE's proposed definitions, CA IOUs were generally
supportive of this approach and stated that CEC has similar terms to
those proposed in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, but
noted that CEC uses the term ``motor capacity'' for consistency with
the motor industry, which is synonymous with the total horsepower and
service factor horsepower. (CA IOUs, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 3
at p. 66).
DOE acknowledges CA IOUs' comment and is aware that different
organizations use different terms to describe similar quantities.
Although DOE is aware that CEC uses the term motor capacity to refer to
what DOE is proposing to define as DPPP motor total horsepower, DOE
believes the proposed term is more straightforward and widely
understood. DOE also notes that Title 20 of the California Code of
Regulations defines both the term ``capacity of the motor'' and ``total
horsepower'' (of an AC motor) as the product of the rated horsepower
and the service factor of a motor used on a dedicated-purpose pool pump
(also known as service factor horsepower) based on the maximum
continuous duty motor power output rating allowable for the nameplate
ambient rating and motor insulation class. Cal. Code Regs., tit. 20
section 1602, subd. (g) However, to be consistent with both CEC
definitions for the same term, this final rule will adopt the
definition with a parenthetical to note that DPPP motor total
horsepower is also referred to as service factor horsepower or motor
capacity.
Regarding the definition of DPPP nominal motor horsepower, based on
response to comment discussed further in this section, DOE is not
referencing NEMA MG-1-2014 for the test method to determine DPPP
nominal motor horsepower and is instead directly referencing a more
simplified method with equivalent burden. As such, DOE's proposed
definition is no longer applicable. DOE believes specifying a test
method for determining this value is sufficient and is not adopting a
definition of DPPP nominal motor horsepower.
In the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE also proposed
test methods to consistently and unambiguously determine the DPPP
nominal motor horsepower, DPPP service factor, and DPPP motor total
horsepower. To determine the DPPP nominal motor horsepower for single-
phase and polyphase small and medium AC motors, DOE proposed to
reference
[[Page 36899]]
the relevant sections of NEMA MG-1-2014, as summarized in Table III.10.
DOE also proposed to incorporate by reference these sections of NEMA
MG-1-2014 into the DPPP test procedure. 81 FR 64580, 64622-64623 (Sept.
20, 2016).
Table III.10--Summary of Relevant NEMA MG-1-2014 Sections Applicable to
Small and Medium Single- and Three-Phase AC Motors
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Single-phase AC Three-phase AC
Characteristic motors motors
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Breakdown Torque............ Section 10.34 of Section 12.39 of
NEMA MG-1-2014.*. NEMA MG-1-2014.*
Locked-Rotor Torque......... N/A................. Section 12.37 or
12.38 of NEMA MG-1-
2014.*
Pull-up Torque.............. N/A................. Section 12.40 of
NEMA MG-1-2014.*
Locked-Rotor Current........ N/A................. Section 12.35.1 of
NEMA MG-1-2014.*
Slip........................ N/A................. Section 1.19 of NEMA
MG-1-2014.*
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Based on testing in accordance with section 12.30 of NEMA MG-1-2014.
Similarly, for direct current (DC) motors, including electrically
commutated motors, section 10.62 of part 10 of NEMA MG-1-2014,
``Horsepower, Speed, and Voltage Ratings,'' describes the requirements
for determining the nominal horsepower based on the applicable rated
load speed and rated voltages for these motors. To clearly specify how
DPPP nominal motor horsepower would be determined for DC motors based
on the procedures in NEMA MG-1-2014, DOE also proposed to include
instructions in the DPPP test procedure that reference the relevant
sections of NEMA MG-1-2014. Id.
DOE also proposed to base the determination of DPPP service factor
on the standardized service factor values in table 12-4 of section
12.51, ``Service Factor of Alternating-Current Motors.'' For AC motors
not covered by table 12-4 of section 12.51 of NEMA MG-1-2014 and for DC
motors, DOE proposed assigning a service factor of 1.0, consistent with
section 12.51.2 of NEMA MG-1-2014. Id.
Finally, DOE proposed that total horsepower would be calculated as
the product of the DPPP nominal motor horsepower and the DPPP service
factor, both determined in accordance with the applicable provisions in
the DPPP test procedure. Id.
In response to DOE's proposed test methods for the proposed DPPP
motor horsepower metrics, Nidec commented that section 10.34 of NEMA
MG-1-2014, which DOE proposed to incorporate by reference, applies
specifically to general purpose motors, while small electric motors
designed for use on dedicated-purpose pool pumps are definite purpose
motors that do not follow the design criteria of NEMA MG-1-2014.
Instead, Nidec suggested that DOE use equation (4) to determine nominal
motor horsepower:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR07AU17.005
Where:
Pnm = the nominal total horsepower \52\ at full load (in
hp),
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\52\ Nidec's comment defined this term as the ``nominal motor
horsepower at full load.'' However, the rest of the comment
describes the value as the motor total horsepower. As Nidec also
recommended a service factor of 1.0 (Nidec, No. 10 at pp. 2-3),
nominal motor horsepower is equivalent to motor total horsepower and
the equation is applicable to both quantities.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
T = output torque at full load (in lb-ft), and
RPM = the motor speed at full load (in rpm).
Nidec believes that the calculation in equation (4) is a better
method for calculation than using the NEMA sections DOE proposed for
DPPP motors and stated that equation (4) is the equation Nidec
currently uses to rate such motors, which it manufacturers. (Nidec, No.
10 at p. 2). Nidec also inquired as to the test methods DOE proposed to
use for DPPP motors. (Nidec, No. 10 at p. 4).
Nidec also commented that the service factor for small electric
motors used in the DPPP industry should not follow NEMA section 12.51
of NEMA MG-1-2014 but instead should be established as 1.0 for all DPPP
motors. Nidec noted that this is consistent with the labeling
requirements set forth in ANSI/APSP/ICC 15a-2013. (Nidec, No. 10 at p.
3). Finally, Nidec commented that three-phase motors utilized on
dedicated-purpose pool pumps are energy efficient and already regulated
and, therefore, should not need further testing nor reporting
requirements. (Nidec, No. 10 at p. 3).
APSP agreed with Nidec that DPPP motors are typically definite-
purpose and do not always align with NEMA on mechanical and electrical
performance. Similarly, APSP recommended using equation (4) to
calculate nominal motor horsepower and assigning a service factor of
1.0, such that nominal motor horsepower was equivalent to motor total
horsepower. (APSP, No. 8 at p. 8).
During the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR public meeting,
CA IOUs stated that commercial and industrial motors commonly have
service factors of 1.15, where the motor is capable of performing at a
higher level than what the nameplate shows. In contrast, in DOE's
proposal of 1.0, the motor will do at best exactly what the nameplate
states. (CA IOUs, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 3 at p. 68) Pentair
also commented that the proposal would restrict a manufacturer's
ability to use higher service factor motors for purposes of improved
motor life and/or reduction of inventory/SKUs. (Pentair, No. 11 at p.
3). However, Pentair expressed, in its comments, the importance of
standardizing and labeling regarding DPPP horsepower metrics and
described how the current practice of up-rate and full-rate labeling of
similar products causes significant confusion in the market. (Pentair,
No. 11 at p. 5). In response to Nidec and APSP's suggestions regarding
the appropriate test methods for determining motor horsepower and
service factor, DOE believes the method suggested by Nidec and APSP is
sound and, as described by the commenters, represents the methods
currently used by the motor industry to determine motor total
horsepower for DPPP motors. DOE is also aware that equation (4) is a
common method for measuring motor horsepower when speed and torque are
known. Specifically, equation
[[Page 36900]]
(4) is described in NEMA MG-1-2014 (the standard DOE proposed to
incorporate by reference for this determination), the IEEE Standard
114-2010, ``Test Procedure for Single-Phase Induction Motors''; IEEE
Standard 113-1985, ``IEEE Guide: Test Procedures for Direct-Current
Machines''; and Canadian Standards Association (CSA) C747-2009
(Reaffirmed (RA) 2014), ``Energy Efficiency Test Methods for Small
Motors.'' \53\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\53\ DOE notes that the equation in section 6.4 of CSA C&47-2009
(RA 2014) uses a conversion factor of 5254, instead of the value
5252 suggested by NEMA. However, based on DOE's review, DOE believes
a conversion factor of 5252 is more accurate and is more consistent
with the value listed in other standards.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE notes that this method provides a direct measurement of the
horsepower provided by the motor at full load, which is consistent with
the term DPPP motor total horsepower, as opposed to DPPP nominal motor
horsepower as suggested by Nidec and APSP. However, DOE acknowledges
that, as Nidec and APSP both suggested using a service factor of 1.0
with this method, the DPPP nominal motor horsepower and DPPP motor
total horsepower would be equivalent and either could be determined
with the suggested method shown in equation (4). Therefore, determining
nominal motor horsepower using equation (4) is technically correct,
provided it is used with a service factor of 1.0. Both Nidec and APSP
specifically suggested determining DPPP nominal motor horsepower using
equation (4), setting DPPP service factor to 1.0, and determining DPPP
motor total horsepower as the product of the DPPP nominal motor
horsepower and DPPP service factor. (Nidec, No. 10 at p. 4; APSP, No. 8
at p. 8). As noted in the NOPR, determining DPPP motor total horsepower
as the product of DPPP nominal motor horsepower and DPPP service factor
is also consistent with ANSI/APSP/ICC 15a-2013,\54\ ENERGY STAR,\55\
and CA Title 20 \56\ definitions for the term. 81 FR 64580, 64620-64622
(Sept. 20, 2016). As such, DOE is adopting the method suggested by
Nidec and APSP as the test method for determining DPPP nominal total
horsepower for dedicated-purpose pool pumps subject to the adopted
procedure.\57\ As discussed further in this section regarding
incorporations by reference, the burden and fundamental procedure
associated with the adopted procedure for measuring motor performance
are not different from those proposed in the NOPR, but the adopted
method provides a simpler, more direct description.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\54\ ANSI/APSP/ICC-15a-2013, American National Standard for
Residential Swimming Pool and Spa Energy Efficiency--section 3,
``Definitions.'' Includes Addenda A. ANSI Approved January 9, 2013.
The Association of Pool and Spa Professionals and the International
Code Council.
\55\ ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Pool Pumps Eligibility
Criteria (Version 1.1), section 1.4, ``Product Ratings.''
\56\ Cal. Code Regs., tit. 20 section 1602, subd. (g).
\57\ As discussed subsequently in this section, DOE is adopting
test methods for determining the motor horsepower characteristics of
dedicated-purpose pool pumps that are only applicable to dedicated-
purpose pool pumps distributed in commerce with single-phase AC or
DC motors.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Regarding service factor, DOE appreciates Nidec and APSP's
suggestions regarding service factor and agrees that a service factor
of 1.0 for all DPPP motors that are subject to the adopted motor
horsepower provisions would be more consistent and ensure standardized
rating across DPPP models. It also enables to use of the more direct
determination of DPPP nominal horsepower adopted in this final rule.
Although Pentair requested more flexibility specifically with regard to
service factor, Pentair also requested standardization in horsepower
ratings. As such, in this final rule, in order to better standardize
the motor horsepower ratings as recommended by commenters, DOE is
adopting a service factor of 1.0 for all dedicated-purpose pool pumps
to which the adopted motor horsepower test methods apply.
Regarding Nidec's statement that a service factor of 1.0 was
consistent with ANSI/APSP/ICC 15a-2013, DOE reviewed ANSI/APSP/ICC 15a-
2013 and finds that ANSI/APSP/ICC 15a-2013 does not appear to provide
any restriction with regard to the service factor of DPPP motors. In
fact, ANSI/APSP/ICC 15a-2013 defines several terms, including rated
horsepower, total horsepower, and service factor, that indicate service
factors greater than 1.0 are quiet common. For example, the definition
of service factor references a pump with a rated horsepower of 1.5 hp,
a service factor of 1.65, and a total horsepower of 2.475 hp.\58\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\58\ ANSI/APSP/ICC-15a-2013, section 3, ``Definitions.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In response to CA IOUs comments on the proposed DPPP service factor
for DPPP motors, DOE notes that, consistent with CA IOUs observation,
the service factor prescribed in table 12-4 of section 12.51, ``Service
Factor of Alternating-Current Motors,'' is 1.15 for most AC motors with
a nominal horsepower greater than 0.5 horsepower and typical
synchronous speeds. However, consistent with section 12.51.2 of NEMA
MG-1-2014 and the comments of Nidec and APSP, DOE believes that a
service factor of 1.0 for AC motors not covered by table 12-4 is more
appropriate than a service factor of 1.15. In addition, as discussed in
the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, NEMA MG-1-2014 does not
provide information regarding service factor for DC motors, as nominal
synchronous speeds are typically not applicable to DC motors.
Therefore, DOE believes a DPPP service factor of 1.0 is appropriate for
DC motors, effectively making the nominal horsepower equivalent to the
total horsepower of the dedicated-purpose pool pump, which is
consistent with the convention for rating such motors in the motor
industry.
However, DOE notes that Nidec recommended applying the suggested
methodology for single-phase DPPP motors only. Nidec indicated that
three-phase motors sold with dedicated-purpose pool pumps are already
subject to DOE's energy conservation standards for polyphase electric
motors at 10 CFR 431.25 or 10 CFR 431.446, depending on the size of the
motor. (Nidec, No. 10 at p. 3). DOE agrees with Nidec that any
polyphase induction motors currently subject to DOE's existing
regulations for electric motors or small electric motors are already
subject to test procedures that describe how to determine relevant
motor performance parameters, including nominal motor horsepower and
service factor, in a standardized and consistent manner. Therefore,
additional specifications in the DPPP test procedure are not
required.\59\ For these reasons, in this final rule, DOE is limiting
the applicability of the test methods for determining DPPP nominal
motor horsepower and DPPP service factor to dedicated-purpose pool
pumps that are distributed in commerce with single-phase AC or DC
motors, which are not subject to DOE's existing regulations for
electric motors or small electric motors.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\59\ DOE notes that the existing electric motor and small
electric motor regulations reference relevant sections of NEMA MG-1-
2014 and are consistent with the test methods proposed in the
September 2016 DPPP TP NOPR. As such, consistent with CA IOUs
observation, dedicated-purpose pool pumps distributed in commerce
with polyphase motors will continue to apply table 12-4 in NEMA MG-
1-2014.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE notes that the test method for determining DPPP motor total
horsepower is still applicable to all dedicated-purpose pool pumps,
including those distributed in commerce with polyphase AC motors, as
NEMA MG-1-2014 does directly define or prescribe unambiguous methods
for determining motor total horsepower. In addition, as discussed
[[Page 36901]]
further in section III.K.2 and III.I, all dedicated-purpose pool pumps,
including dedicated-purpose pool pumps distributed in commerce with
polyphase AC motors, are required to report to DOE the DPPP motor total
horsepower and include such information on the equipment nameplate.
In adopting Nidec and APSP's recommended test method for
determining DPPP nominal motor horsepower, DOE is not referencing NEMA
MG-1-2014 as the method for determining DPPP motor total horsepower.
However DOE still must adopt specific and standardized test methods for
measuring speed and torque of DPPP motors at full load. IEEE Standard
114-2010, ``Test Procedure for Single-Phase Induction Motors'' (IEEE
114-2010) and IEEE Standard 113-1985, ``Test Procedures for Direct-
Current Machines'' (IEEE 113-1985) describe the general test
requirements and methods for determining motor speed and torque at full
load for single-phase AC induction motors and DC motors, respectively.
DOE notes that these are the test methods referenced in NEMA MG-1-2014,
so the burden and fundamental procedure associated with measuring motor
performance are not different from those proposed in the NOPR. However,
as the method of determining DPPP nominal motor horsepower suggested by
Nidec and APSP and incorporated by DOE is more direct, DOE is
incorporating by reference the relevant sections of IEEE 114-2010 and
IEEE 113-1985 directly, as opposed to through NEMA MG-1-2014.
In addition, DOE notes that CSA C747-2009 (RA 2014) is another
commonly referenced test method for determining motor horsepower that
is treated as equivalent to IEEE 114-2010 in DOE's existing small
electric motor test procedure. 10 CFR 431.444(b). In DOE's July 2009
small motors test procedure final rule, DOE determined that IEEE 114-
2010 and CSA C747-2009 (RA 2014) would produce equivalent ratings. 74
FR 32059, 32065 (July 7, 2009). DOE has reviewed CSA C7474-2009 (RA
2014) as compared to IEEE 113-1985 and believes that the standards will
also produce equivalent measurements of full load speed and torque,
which are the values relevant for this test procedure. DOE understands
that some manufacturers may currently be using CSA C747-2009 (RA 2014)
to determine the performance of small motors, including both single-
phase AC and DC motors. Therefore, to provide flexibility to
manufacturers and consistency with DOE's existing motor regulations,
DOE is adopting test provisions that allow for testing in accordance
with either the applicable IEEE standard (IEEE 114-2010 for single-
phase AC motors or IEEE 113-1985 for DC motors) or CSA C747-2009 (RA
2014). DOE believes that these standards provide the necessary and
sufficient methods to determine the torque and rotating speed of the
motor at full load for single-phase AC induction motors and DC motors,
respectively. Specifically, DOE is adopting the sections specified in
the Table III.11 for each standard, which are relevant to measuring
speed and torque at full load. In addition, section E.3.2 of both
appendix B and C, as adopted in this final rule, states that full-load
speed and torque shall be determined based on the maximum continuous
duty motor power output rating allowable for the motor's nameplate
ambient rating and insulation class.
Table III.11--Sections of IEEE 114-2010 and IEEE 113-1985 That DOE Incorporates by Reference for Determining
DPPP Motor Total Horsepower
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Characteristic IEEE 114-2010 IEEE 113-1985 CSA C747-2009 (RA 2014)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Relevant Scope.................... Single-phase AC DC Motors................. Single-phase AC and DC
Motors. Motors
Test Conditions................... Section 4............ Section 3.5, 4.1.2, and Section 5.2, 5.3, 5.5.
4.1.4 (and machine 6.1.
temperature rise shall be
some value between 50%
and 100% of rated
temperature rise, as
specified in 5.4.3).
Test Requirements................. Section 3.2 and Section 5.4.3.2 (except Section 6.3, 6.4 (except
section 6. that curves of torque in section (b) the
versus electric power are conversion factor shall
not required, as only be 5252), 6.5 (except
measurement at full load only measurements at
is required). full load are required),
and 6.7.1.
Measurement Instruments........... Section 5.2 and 5.3.. Section 3.1, 3.4.......... Section 5.1, 5.4.6,
5.4.7, 5.6.4, 5.6.5,
5.6.6, 6.2.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In responses to Nidec's inquiry regarding the test methods for
determining DPPP motor horsepower characteristics, the test methods
referenced in NEMA MG-1-2014 were, by extension, proposed to be
incorporated by reference as the specific testing requirements for
determining motor performance in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure
NOPR.
Regarding the scope of the proposed motor horsepower testing
requirements, Pentair commented that a loophole could be introduced in
replacement DPPP motors are not also subject to these requirements.
(Pentair, No. 11 at p. 3).
In response to Pentair's request, DOE notes that the scope of the
required DOE test procedure recommended by the DPPP Working Group and
proposed by DOE in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR is
limited to dedicated-purpose pool pumps. DOE acknowledges that, in the
September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE proposed an optional test
method to determine WEF for replacement DPPP motors. 81 FR 64580, 64629
(Sept. 20, 2016). However, in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure
NOPR, DOE also described how DOE does not intend to regulate
replacement DPPP motors as part of this rulemaking because they do not
(by themselves) meet the definition of a dedicated-purpose pool pump.
Id. Similar to the optional testing provisions for replacement DPPP
motors adopted in this final rule, manufacturers of replacement DPPP
motors may opt to apply the provisions for determining DPPP nominal
motor horsepower, DPPP service factor, and DPPP motor total horsepower,
as applicable, and make representations of these quantities if they so
choose. However, as discussed further in section III.J, replacement
DPPP motors are not dedicated-purpose pool pumps, and requirements for
such equipment were not discussed or recommended by the DPPP Working
Group. Therefore, DOE is declining to adopt any required testing
provisions or
[[Page 36902]]
reporting requirements for replacement DPPP motors in this rulemaking.
DOE may address requirements for replacement DPPP motors in a future
rulemaking specifically addressing such equipment.
In summary, based on the comments received in response to the
September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE is adopting revised test
methods for DPPP nominal motor horsepower and DPPP service factor,
which are applicable only to dedicated-purpose pool pumps distributed
in commerce with single-phase AC motors and DC motors. DOE is also
adopting the test method for DPPP motor total horsepower proposed in
the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR without modification, which
is applicable to all dedicated-purpose pool pumps. DOE believes such
standardized rating methods are consistent with the recommendations of
the DPPP Working Group, will be beneficial to consumers in selecting
and applying the equipment, and are consistent with existing methods
used to rate motors today. DOE notes that these standardized horsepower
metrics are intended to support labeling provisions for dedicated-
purpose pool pumps, which are discussed further in section III.I.
2. Determination of Self-Priming Capability
As discussed in section III.B.3.a, DOE proposed separate
definitions for self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps
based on their capability to self-prime as determined based on testing
in accordance with NSF/ANSI 50-2015. In the September 2016 DPPP test
procedure NOPR, DOE proposed to incorporate by reference relevant
sections of the NSF/ANSI 50-2015 standard and also specify several
modifications and additions to improve repeatability and consistency of
the test results. 81 FR 64580, 64623-27 (Sept. 20, 2016). Specifically,
DOE proposed to incorporate by reference section C.3 of Annex C of NSF/
ANSI 50-2015, which contains the relevant test parameters, test
apparatus, and testing instructions for determining the self-priming
capability of self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps. Id.
To determine the self-priming capability of self-priming and non-
self-priming pool filter pumps, DOE proposed in the September 2016 DPPP
test procedure NOPR to follow the test method specified in section C.3
of Annex C of NSF/ANSI 50-2015 with several minor modifications to
improve test consistency and repeatability, as well as conform with the
new definitions for self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps
presented in section III.B.3.a. Id. First, where section C.3.2,
``Apparatus,'' and section C.3.4, ``Self-priming capability test
method,'' state that the ``suction line must be essentially as shown in
annex C, figure C.1'' DOE notes that the suction line refers to the
riser pipe that extends from the pump suction inlet to the water
surface. DOE also proposed in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure
NOPR to clarify that ``essentially as shown in Annex C, figure C.1''
means:
The centerline of the pump impeller shaft is situated a
vertical distance of 5.0 feet above the water level of a water tank of
sufficient volume as to maintain a constant water surface level for the
duration of the test;
the pump draws water from the water tank with a riser pipe
that extends below the water level a distance of at least 3 times the
riser pipe diameter (i.e., 3 pipe diameters); and
the suction inlet of the pump is at least 5 pipe diameters
from any obstructions, 90[deg] bends, valves, or fittings.
Id.
Further, DOE noted that NSF/ANSI 50-2015 does not specify where the
measurement instruments are to be placed in the test set up. DOE
understands that instruments are typically installed at the suction
inlet of the pump and therefore, DOE proposed to specify that all
measurements of head, flow, and water temperature must be taken at the
pump suction inlet. Id. It is also important that all measurements are
taken with respect to a common reference plane, which DOE proposed
should be the centerline of the pump impeller shaft. DOE also proposed
that such adjustments be performed in accordance with section A.3.1.3.1
of HI 40.6-2014. Id.
In addition, DOE proposed that height, or vertical lift (VL), must
be determined from the height of the water to the centerline of the
pump impeller shaft. Id. In addition to proposing clarifications with
regard to the measurement of VL, DOE proposed clarifications on how to
correct the value to a standard temperature of 68 [deg]F, a pressure of
14.7 psia, and a water density of 62.4 lb/ft\3\, as shown in equation
(5). DOE notes that the definitions proposed in the September 2016 DPPP
test procedure NOPR specifies a VL of 5.0 feet:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR07AU17.006
Where:
VL = vertical lift of the test apparatus from the waterline to the
centerline of the pump impeller shaft, in ft;
[rho]test = density of test fluid, in lb/ft\3\; and
Patm,test = absolute barometric pressure of test apparatus location
at centerline of pump impeller shaft, in psia.
81 FR 64580, 64624-25 (Sept. 20, 2016).
In addition, DOE also noted in the September 2016 DPPP test
procedure NOPR that section C.3.2 of NSF/ANSI 50-2015 describes the
instruments that are required to perform the test, but, with the
exception of the time indicator, does not specify their required
accuracy. Subsequently, DOE proposed to apply the accuracy requirements
contained in HI 40.6-2014 to the measurement devices noted in NSF/ANSI
50-2015, as detailed in Table III.12. 81 FR 64580, 64625 (Sept. 20,
2016).
Table III.12--Measurement Device Accuracy Requirements for Measurements
Devices Specified in NSF/ANSI 50-2015
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Accuracy
Measurement device requirement Source
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Elapsed Time Indicator.......... 0.1 NSF/ANSI 50-2015.
min.
Gauge Pressure Indicating Device 2.5% HI 40.6-2014.
of reading *.
Temperature Indicating Device... 0.5 HI 40.6-2014.
[deg]F.
[[Page 36903]]
Barometric Pressure Indicating 2.5% HI 40.6-2014.
Device. of reading *.
Height.......................... 0.1 N/A.
inch.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* The 2.5 percent requirement applies to discharge, suction,
and differential head measurements, as indicated in table 40.6.3.2.3,
for values taken between 40 and 120 percent of BEP flow.
DOE also noted in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR that
NSF/ANSI 50-2015 does not specify an instrument for measuring distance
and proposed that instruments for measuring distance are accurate to
0.1 inch, consistent with other requirements for distance-
measuring instruments (section III.E.2.f). 81 FR 64580, 64625 (Sept.
20, 2016).
In section C.3.3, ``Test conditions,'' NSF/ANSI 50-2015 specifies
test conditions for both swimming pools and hot tubs/spas. NSF/ANSI 50-
2015 specifies test conditions in terms of water temperature and
turbidity requirements. DOE notes that the remainder of the DPPP test
procedure is to be conducted with ``clear water,'' as required by HI
40.6-2014. While NSF/ANSI 50-2015 and HI 40.6-2014 contain different
requirements, DOE believes they are intended to do the same thing and
result in similar water characteristics. Therefore, to simplify testing
requirements and be consistent with the other portions of the DPPP test
procedure, in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE proposed
to require testing of the self-priming capability of pool filter pumps
with clear water that is between 50 and 86 [deg]F, as opposed to the
existing water temperature and turbidity requirements contained in
section C.3.3 of the NSF/ANSI 50-2015 test method. 81 FR 64580, 64625-
64626 (Sept. 20, 2016).
Section C.3.4, ``Self-priming capability test method,'' of NSF/ANSI
50-2015 specifies that ``the elapsed time to steady discharge gauge
reading or full discharge flow'' is to be recorded as the measured
priming time (MPT). However, NSF/ANSI 50-2015 does not specify how to
determine ``steady discharge gauge reading or full discharge flow.'' In
the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE proposed to determine
steady discharge gauge and full discharge flow as when the changes in
head and flow, respectively, are within the tolerance values specified
in table 40.6.3.2.2, ``Permissible amplitude of fluctuation as a
percentage of mean value of quantity being measured at any test
point,'' of HI 40.6-2014. 81 FR 64580, 64626 (Sept. 20, 2016). Based on
this criteria for stabilization, DOE also proposed that the elapsed
time should be recorded when both steady state pressure and flow
readings have been achieved. Id.
Section C.3.4 of NSF/ANSI 50-2015 then specifies that the true
priming time (TPT) is calculated by scaling the MPT based on the
relative diameter of the riser pipe and the pump suction inlet
according to the following equation (6):
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR07AU17.007
As discussed in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE
noted that, although theoretically correct, testing with different
riser pipe diameters could affect the accuracy and repeatability of the
results, especially if pipes that are substantially larger or smaller
than the pump suction inlet are used. 81 FR 64580, 64626 (Sept. 20,
2016). As a result, DOE proposed that testing of self-priming
capability of pool filter pumps that are not already certified with
NSF/ANSI 50-2015 be performed with riser pipe that is of the same pipe
diameter as the pump suction inlet. As a result, no adjustment of MPT
would be required and TPT would be measured directly. Id.
Section C.3.4 of NSF/ANSI 50-2015 also specifies that the complete
test method must be repeated, such that two TPT values are generated.
In addition, section C.3.5 of NSF/ANSI 50-2015 requires that both
measurements must be less than 6 minutes or the manufacturer's
specified TPT, whichever is greater. However, as the criteria for TPT
established in DOE's definitions (see section III.B.3.a) instead
reference a TPT of 10.0 minutes, DOE proposed to specify that both test
runs result in TPT values that are less than or equal to 10.0 minutes.
81 FR 64580, 64626 (Sept. 20, 2016).
Similarly, section C.3.5 of NSF/ANSI 50-2015 describes the TPT
criteria that pumps must meet in order to certify as self-priming under
NSF/ANSI 50-2015 and the caption of figure C.1 specifies the VL
criteria applicable to the NSF/ANSI 50-2015 test. As noted previously,
DOE's definitions proposed in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure
NOPR reference a specific TPT of 10.0 minutes and VL of 5.0 feet.
Therefore, DOE proposed to exclude section C.3.5 and the relevant
portions of the VL definition in the caption of C.1 to be consistent
with DOE's definition. 81 FR 64580, 64626 (Sept. 20, 2016).
In the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR public meeting, DOE
presented the general procedure for the self-priming test. (Public
Meeting Presentation, No. 2 at p. 44) During the September 2016 public
meeting, Hayward sought clarification regarding the second step in the
overview of the self-priming test procedure DOE provided in the
preamble to the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR. Specifically,
Hayward sought confirmation that the terminology ``shut off and allow
pump to drain'' did not mean open the pump to atmosphere. (Hayward,
Public Meeting Transcript, No. 3 at pp. 73-74)
In response to Hayward's inquiry, DOE notes that the statement in
the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR meant only to shut off the
pump and allow all lines to be drained of water, without opening the
pump to the atmosphere, as would typically be the case during the NSF/
ANSI 50-2015 test. Specifically, in the DPPP test procedure, DOE is
incorporating by reference section C.3 of Annex C of NSF/ANSI 50-2015
with the minor modifications discussed above as the test method for
determining the self-priming capability of pool filter pumps and all
testing must be conducted in accordance with the instructions in those
sections.
[[Page 36904]]
CEC, in written comments, supported DOE's proposal to use NSF/ANSI
50-2015 to differentiate between self-priming and non-self-priming pool
filter pumps. (CEC, No.7 at p. 2) DOE did not receive any other
comments suggesting changes to DOE's proposed test method to determine
the self-priming capability of pool filter pumps.
Therefore, in this final rule, DOE is adopting the self-priming
test method proposed in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR
without modification. This method relies on section C.3 of NSF/ANSI 50-
2015 with several minor clarifications and modifications. However, DOE
notes that, as discussed in section III.E.1, in this final rule, DOE is
adopting alternative requirements for the test fluid instead of testing
with ``clear water'' as specified in HI 40.6-2014. As such, to be
consistent with the remainder of the DPPP test procedure, in this final
rule DOE is adopting provisions that testing for self-priming
capability be performed with the same test fluid used for all other
testing, instead of testing with ``clear water'' as proposed in the
September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR. DOE notes that the
characteristics of the test fluid adopted in this final rule are now
more consistent with those in NSF/ANSI 50-2015 as well.
Table III.13 provides a summary of DOE's modifications and
additions to NSF/ANSI 50-2015 to remove ambiguity from the NSF/ANSI 50-
2015 test method, improve the repeatability of the test, and harmonize
the test requirements with the other DPPP test procedure requirements
contained in this final rule.
Table III.13--Summary of Modifications and Additions to NSF/ANSI 50-2015
Self-Priming Capability Test
------------------------------------------------------------------------
NSF/ANSI 50-2015 DOE modification/
NSF/ANSI 50-2015 section specification addition
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Section C.3.2, ``Apparatus,'' ``Essentially as More clearly
and Section C.3.4, ``Self- shown in Annex C, specify the test
priming capability test figure C.1''. setup
method''. requirements,
where VL = 5.0
feet, adjusted to
nominal
conditions of
14.7 psia and a
water density of
62.4 lb/ft\3\.
Section C.3.2, ``Apparatus''.... Measurement Accuracy
Instruments (no requirements
accuracy contained in HI
requirements). 40.6-2014, table
40.6.3.2.3, as
applicable.
Section C.3.3, ``Test Water temperature Test with clear
conditions''. and turbidity water between 50
requirements; all and 107 [deg]F
measurements at with <=15 NTU.
hot tub/spa
temperatures
unless for
swimming pool
applications only.
Section C.3.4, ``Self-priming Measure MPT at Measure elapsed
capability test method''. steady discharge time at steady
gauge or full state pressure
discharge flow. and temperature
conditions; MPT
is when those
conditions were
first achieved.
Section C.3.4, ``Self-priming Adjust MPT to TPT Use pipe of the
capability test method''. based on relative same diameter as
diameter of the suction inlet
suction inlet and (MPT = TPT).
pipe diameter.
Section C.3.5, ``Acceptance TPT of 6 minutes Excluded; TPT = 10
criteria,'' and caption of or the minutes and VL =
figure C.1. manufacturer's 5.0 feet adjusted
specified to nominal
recommended time, conditions of
whichever is 14.7 psia and a
greater and VL of water density of
5.0 feet or the 62.4 lb/ft\3\.
manufacturer's
specified lift,
whichever is
greater.
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3. Determination of Maximum Head
As noted in section III.B.4.a, waterfall pumps are, by definition,
pool filter pumps with maximum head less than or equal to 30 feet, and
a maximum speed less than or equal to 1,800 rpm. Therefore, in order to
unambiguously distinguish waterfall pumps from other varieties of pool
filter pumps, DOE must establish a specific and repeatable method for
determining maximum head of pool filter pumps. Based on the
demonstrated relationship between flow and head, DOE understands the
maximum head to be associated with the minimum flow of the pump.
However, DOE also understands that pumps cannot always be operated
safely or reliable at zero or very low flow conditions. Therefore, in
the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE proposed that for the
purposes of differentiating waterfall pumps from other varieties of
pool filter pumps, the maximum head of pool filter pumps be determined
based on the measured head value associated with the maximum speed and
the minimum flow rate at which the pump is designed to operate
continuously or safely. 81 FR 64580, 64627 (Sept. 20, 2016). DOE notes
that the minimum flow rate will be assumed to be zero unless otherwise
specified in the manufacturer literature. Id.
DOE did not receive any comments in response to the proposed test
method for determining maximum head. Therefore, in this final rule, DOE
is adopting the proposal to determine the maximum head of dedicated-
purpose pool pumps as the head associated with the maximum speed and
the minimum flow rate at which the pump is designed to operate
continuously or safely, which is assumed to be zero unless otherwise
specified in the manufacturer literature.
H. Energy Factor Test Method
As discussed previously, in section III.F, in the September 2016
DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE's proposed test procedure contained an
optional test method for determining EF at any desired speed on any of
the specified optional system curves (i.e., Curve A, B, C, or D), along
with the tested speed and the system curve associated with each energy
factor value. 81 FR 64580, 64627-64628 (Sept. 20, 2016).
Regarding the test method for EF, Pentair and APSP both commented
that table III.21 in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR (81 FR
64580, 64628; Sept. 20, 2016) used inconsistent terminology to specify
the flow terms for system curves A, B, C, and D and recommended that
the terms be reported consistently as shown in table 4 of the September
2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR (Id. at 64653). (Pentair, No. 11 at p. 6;
APSP, No. 8 at p. 2) DOE has made the correction in this final rule and
incorporated the correct table into appendix B.
I. Labeling Requirements
In the June 2016 DPPP Working Group recommendations, the DPPP
Working Group recommended that DOE consider whether to require a label
that would facilitate proper application and include specified
horsepower information. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 82,
Recommendation #9 at p. 5) To implement the recommendations of the
[[Page 36905]]
DPPP Working Group, DOE proposed in the September 2016 DPPP test
procedure NOPR to require labeling of all dedicated-purpose pool pumps
for which the DPPP Working Group recommended test procedures. 81 FR
64580, 64628-29 (Sept. 20, 2016). That is, DOE proposed that the
labeling requirements be applicable to:
Self-priming pool filter pumps less than 2.5 rated
hydraulic horsepower,\60\
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\60\ DOE notes that the DPPP Working Group only recommended
standards for single-phase self-priming pool filter pumps less than
2.5 rated hydraulic horsepower. However, the DPPP Working Group
recommended that the test procedure and reporting requirements would
still be applicable to single- and three-phase self-priming pool
filter pumps. Therefore, DOE believes it is appropriate to apply the
proposed labeling requirements to three-phase pumps.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
non-self-priming pool filter pumps less than 2.5 rated
hydraulic horsepower,
pressure cleaner booster pumps, and
waterfall pumps.
Id.
For self-priming pool filter pumps, non-self-priming pool filter
pumps, pressure cleaner booster pumps, and waterfall pumps, DOE
proposed that each DPPP unit clearly display on the permanent nameplate
the following information:
WEF, in kgal/kWh,
rated hydraulic horsepower,
DPPP nominal motor horsepower,
DPPP motor total horsepower, and
service factor.
Id.
DOE also proposed specific requirements regarding the formatting of
required information on the nameplate and the specific terminology that
is required to be displayed. DOE proposed that these labeling
requirements would be applicable to all units manufactured, including
imported, on the compliance date of any potential energy conservation
standards that may be set for dedicated-purpose pool pumps. Id.
ASAP and NRDC submitted a joint written comment supporting the
labeling requirements proposed in the September 2016 DPPP test
procedure NOPR. (ASAP and NRDC, No. 12 at p. 2)
Regarding the proposed formatting of the label, Hayward requested
clarification regarding the specific details of the label (e.g., font
size, etc.). (Hayward, Public Meeting Transcript. No. 3 at pp. 93-94;
Hayward, No. 6 at p. 9) APSP also recommended that all labeling
details, including font size and label material, comply with UL1081-
2016. (APSP, No. 8 at p. 10) Pentair requested that the pool industry
be integrally involved in the labeling efforts, pointing out that
details associated with label formatting and sizing can be critical due
to other required safety and compliance labeling requirements combined
with limited available space. (Pentair, No. 11, at p. 4) Hayward
similarly encouraged DOE to allow use of standard industry nomenclature
(i.e., ``HP'' for horsepower and ``THP'' for total horsepower) due to
limited space available on the product for labels. (Hayward, No. 6 at
p. 9) Hayward also sought confirmation that the information required
may be provided on separate labels/data plates and is not required to
be co-located on one label or data plate. (Hayward, No. 6 at p. 9)
Hayward also objected to listing three separate horsepower values
saying it will cause confusion and not support the goal of having the
correctly sized, most energy efficient pump used in all applications.
As an alternative, Hayward support listing only the total horsepower on
any DPPP label. (Hayward, No. 6 at p. 9) Similarly, APSP requested
that, based on its recommendations regarding horsepower (see section
III.G.1.b), only total horsepower and not nominal motor horsepower or
service factor be listed on the label, consistent with requirements in
ANSI/APSP/ICC 15a-2013. (APSP, No. 8 at pp. 9-10) Nidec commented
similarly. (Nidec, No. 10 at p. 5)
APSP and Pentair commented that while use of hydraulic horsepower
for the purposes of sizing is acceptable, use of this value on a label
would cause significant confusion in the marketplace and recommended it
not be included on the pump label.\61\ (APSP, No. 8 at pp. 7-8;
Pentair, No. 11 at p. 3) Zodiac similarly commented that so much
information on the label my cause confusion during field installation
and may compromise proper installation of the pump. (Zodiac, No. 13 at
p. 3) However, Zodiac did not provide a suggested alternative.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\61\ Note that separately APSP presented a recommendation for
required nameplate information that did include rated hydraulic
horsepower. (APSP, No. 8 at pp. 9-10)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hayward, APSP, and Zodiac expressed opposition to a requirement
that labeling include a specific WEF result, stating that such
designation may disadvantage some manufacturers and cause confusion in
the marketplace when dissimilar pumps are incorrectly compared.
(Hayward, No. 6 at p. 9; APSP, No. 8 at pp. 9-10; Zodiac, No. 13 at p.
3) Zodiac also stated that the WEF result may confuse or contradict
ENERGY STAR ratings. (Zodiac, No. 13 at p. 3) Hayward and APSP also
commented that the required label should only state ``meets DOE WEF
requirement.'' (Hayward, No. 6 at p. 9; APSP, No. 8 at p. 9)
APSP and Hayward recommended that all labeling requirements be
removed for three-phase products, as they are out of scope of the final
ASRAC working group term sheet. (APSP, No. 8 at p. 10; Hayward, No. 6
at p. 9)
As discussed previously, DOE's proposal in the September 2016 DPPP
test procedure NOPR contained details regarding the font size, spacing,
and formatting of the required label, as well as when such label would
be required to be applied. As proposed in the September 2016 DPPP test
procedure NOPR, all orientation, spacing, type sizes, typefaces, and
line widths to display this required information must be the same as or
similar to the display of the other performance data on the pump's
permanent nameplate. For this reason, DOE believes that it is not
necessary to specify that the labeling requirements comply with UL1081-
2016, as requested by APSP, or to have additional industry involvement
beyond the comment period on the NOPR, as requested by Pentair, given
that the manufacturers already have the option to individually
determine the details of the label formatting. In response to Hayward's
suggestion regarding use of common industry abbreviations, DOE notes
that the use of ``hp'' for horsepower was already allowed in DOE's
proposed labeling requirements. However, in light of Hayward's
comments, DOE has modified its proposal to also allow for the
abbreviation of total horsepower as THP.
Given the modified requirements for service factor and motor total
horsepower discussed in section III.G.1.b, DOE agrees with Hayward,
APSP, and Nidec, that DPPP nominal motor horsepower and DPPP service
factor do not need to be on the label. In addition, DOE agrees with
APSP and Pentair that, while hydraulic horsepower is necessary in
certification reporting and for compliance with standards, this
information is not used by consumers and does not need to be on the
label.
With regard to Hayward, APSP, Zodiac's opposition to including the
WEF value on the label, DOE believes that it is especially important to
clearly and consistently communicate the performance of dedicated-
purpose pool pumps using the DOE metric in order to provide customers
with standardized, comparable information to inform purchasing
decisions and is retaining the requirement to include the WEF
[[Page 36906]]
value on the DPPP label. With regard to Zodiac's comment regarding the
consistency of WEF and ENERGY STAR EF information, DOE responds that,
as discussed in section III.H, as of 180 days after the publication of
this final rule all representations of WEF, EF, and other
representations of dedicated-pool pump performance must be made in
accordance with the adopted DOE test procedure and, therefore, any EF
values will be consistent with the tested WEF result for that pool pump
in that they will be based on the same test data. However, regarding
the confusion between EF and WEF values, DOE is clarifying in this
final rule that, as of the compliance date of any energy conservation
standard for dedicated-purpose pool pumps, all manufacturers and rating
programs must transition to the new WEF metric and representations of
EF will no longer be allowed. DOE believes this will resolve the
confusion Zodiac is concerned with. Representations of EF and WEF are
discussed in more detail in section III.H.
Therefore, in this final rule DOE is adopting labeling provisions
that require dedicated-purpose pool pumps subject to the test procedure
to be labeled only with WEF and DPPP motor total horsepower. In
response to Hayward's request that the required information not be
required to be co-located on one label or data plate, DOE believes,
given the reduced labeling requirements adopted in this final rule as
compared to the NOPR proposal, that it is entirely reasonable to
require that these values appear on the pump's permanent nameplate.
In response to APSP and Hayward's recommendation that labeling
requirements not apply to three-phase products, DOE notes that this
proposal is not consistent with the recommendations of the DPPP Working
Group. The June 2016 DPPP Working Group recommendations only specified
that standards should not apply to three-phase self-priming pool filter
pumps. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 82 Recommendations #3 at
p. 2) Therefore, DOE believes that requiring labels for three-phase
pumps is consistent with requiring them to be subject to the test
procedure and reporting requirements, as recommended by the DPPP
Working Group.
J. Replacement DPPP Motors
DOE understands that DPPP motors typically require replacement more
frequently than DPPP bare pumps and, thus, replacement DPPP motors are
often distributed in commerce to be paired with an existing,
appropriate DPPP bare pump in the field. DOE does not intend to
regulate replacement DPPP motors, because they do not (by themselves)
meet the definition of a dedicated-purpose pool pump. However, DOE
believes that end-users and manufacturers may benefit from having a
method to determine an applicable WEF for replacement DPPP motors. This
method could allow replacement motor manufacturers to label their
products and/or utilities or efficiency programs to encourage the sale
of replacement DPPP motors, which could maintain or increase the
savings of the dedicated-purpose pool pump, as installed in the field.
For those reasons, DOE proposed in the September 2016 DPPP test
procedure NOPR an optional method to determine the WEF for replacement
DPPP motors. 81 FR 64580, 64629 (Sept. 20, 2016). Specifically, under
this method, the replacement motor would be paired with an appropriate
DPPP bare pump and the combination would be subject to the DOE test
procedure for that dedicated-purpose pool pump, based on the DPPP
variety and speed configuration. Id.
In the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE recognized that
replacement DPPP motors may be offered for sale or advertised to be
paired with multiple DPPP bare pumps. Furthermore, each combination of
a DPPP motor and a DPPP bare pump may have a different WEF, as each
bare pump may affect the WEF rating. Therefore, DOE proposed in the
September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR that the WEF for each
replacement DPPP motor and bare pump pairing be determined separately.
However, consistent with DOE's treatment of all equipment, DOE would
allow manufacturers to group similar replacement motor-bare pump
pairings within a given replacement DPPP motor rating to minimize
testing burden, while still ensuring that the rating is representative
of minimum efficiency or maximum energy consumption of the group. DOE
also proposed that replacement DPPP motor manufacturers would be
required to make a statement, along with any advertised WEF value,
regarding the specific DPPP bare pump to which the WEF value applies.
If no specific DPPP bare pumps were listed in the manufacturer
literature or otherwise along with any WEF representation, then the WEF
value would be assumed to be applicable to any and all possible DPPP
bare pumps. Id.
During the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR public meeting,
CA IOUs stated that if the worst performing pump method were to be
utilized for replacement motors, the bare pumps considered would have
to be specified in order to determine which was the worst performing.
(CA IOUs, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 3 at p. 80) As such, CA IOUS
proposed that if manufacturers test the replacement motors, the test
report or result include the range of products that were included in
the test. (CA IOUs, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 3 at pp. 82-84)
DOE acknowledges CA IOUs' concern in unambiguously identifying the
replacement DPPP motor and bare pump combination on which any WEF value
was based. However, as DOE is proposing this as an optional procedure,
DOE did not propose any standard or reporting requirements for
replacement DPPP motors. In addition, the manufacturer of the
replacement DPPP motor may be different than the manufacturer of the
dedicated-purpose pool pump. For this reason, DOE does not believe that
including such information in the list of optional information DPPP
manufacturers may submit when certifying products to DOE would be
appropriate. As reporting of replacement DPPP motor WEF information
would have to be done as a separate certification report and is not
based on compliance with any standard, DOE does not believe collecting
such information is warranted at this time. The purpose of the
procedure is simply to provide a standardized way to determine WEF for
replacement DPPP motors.
ASAP, CA IOUs, CEC, and NRDC commented to support the inclusion of
this optional test method for DPPP replacement motors. (ASAP and NRDC,
No. 12 at p. 2; CA IOUs, No. 9 at p. 2; CEC, No. 7 at p. 2) ASAP and
NRDC and CEC stated that the test method could provide data to guide
consumers and support utility and efficiency programs that seek to
improve the efficiency of dedicated-purpose pool pumps already in use.
(ASAP and NRDC, No. 12 at p. 2; CEC, No. 7 at p. 2)
In written comments, Pentair also supported the optional test
method for DPPP replacement motors. However, Pentair stated its belief
that the DPPP replacement motor testing should be mandatory, to protect
against pool owners pairing low efficiency replacement motors with kit
pumps. (Pentair, No. 11 at p. 4) CA IOUs also believe that a national
standard is needed for DPPP replacement motors. (CA IOUs, No. 9 at p.
2)
Conversely, in written comments, APSP, Hayward, and Nidec opposed
DOE's proposed optional test method for replacement DPPP motors. (APSP,
No. 8 at pp. 10-11; Hayward, No. 6 at
[[Page 36907]]
p. 9; Nidec, No. 10 at p. 6) Hayward noted that such motors were not
discussed by the DPPP Working Group. (Hayward, No. 6 at p. 9) Hayward
and Nidec also believe that the methodology presented by DOE is not
practical and does not ensure compliance. (Hayward, No. 6 at p. 9;
Nidec, No. 10 at p. 6) Nidec suggested that replacement DPPP motors be
regulated through an expansion in small motor regulations. (Nidec, No.
10 at p. 6)
DOE appreciates the support of ASAP, CA IOUs, CEC, and NRDC. In
response to Pentair and CA IOU's request to adopt requirements for
replacement DPPP motors, DOE understands that there is a potential for
pool owners or installation contractors to purchase and pair a pump wet
end with a low-efficiency replacement motor. However, DOE notes that
mandatory requirements for DPPP replacement motors are outside the
scope of this rulemaking, as this rulemaking pertains only to pumps as
defined in 10 CFR 431.462. DOE proposed an optional test method for
replacement motors because of this limitation on rulemaking scope. DOE
notes that in the future it could consider mandatory requirements for
replacement DPPP motors as part of a rulemaking specifically addressing
such motors.
DOE understands Hayward's and Nidec's concerns and agrees that this
specific proposal was not discussed at length by the DPPP Working
Group. However, DOE reiterates that the test method contained in the
September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR is an optional test method that
manufacturers of DPPP motors may use at their discretion; there is no
associated certification or compliance criteria for replacement DPPP
motors. That is, replacement DPPP motors would not be required to meet
any energy conservation standard set for dedicated-purpose pool pumps.
The purpose of the test method is solely to provide standardized
information to consumers regarding the efficiency and performance of
replacement DPPP motors and provide an opportunity for efficiency
programs to incentivize the application of more efficient replacement
DPPP motors. In response to Hayward's and Nidec's concern that the test
method is impractical, DOE believes that the proposed test method
presents a reasonable path to determine the representative WEF score
for replacement DPPP motors and notes that Hayward did not provide an
alternative suggestion. In response to Nidec's suggestion that
replacement DPPP motors be regulated through rules crafted specifically
for small motors, DOE notes that, as stated previously, there are no
regulatory requirements pertaining to the optional motor test method.
Rather, the optional test method proposed for DPPP motors is intended
to provide information to consumers and efficiency incentive programs
regarding which motors will conserve energy in a DPPP-specific
application, and DOE believes this information would not be made
available through small motor regulations. As noted previously, this
does not preclude DOE from considering mandatory requirements for
replacement DPPP motors as part of a rulemaking specifically addressing
such motors.
Hayward also recommended clarifying that replacement motors
identical to the original motor that was used to test and qualify the
DPPP model (only varying in nomenclature for marketing purposes, such
as service part number) should be permitted to make representations of
WEF when sold for use with the specific bare pump, without the need for
additional testing. (Hayward, No. 6 at p. 9) DOE agrees with Hayward's
suggestion. DOE believes that so long as the testing of a given DPPP
motor and bare pump pair was performed consistent with DOE's test
procedure for replacement DPPP motors, the rating will be accurate. As
such, the resultant WEF score can be applied to the tested replacement
DPPP motor when offered for sale with the tested DPPP bare pump and
would be identical to that applied to the DPPP model comprised of that
DPPP motor and bare pump.
K. Certification and Enforcement Provisions for Dedicated-Purpose Pool
Pumps
DOE must provide uniform methods for manufacturers to determine
representative values of energy- and non-energy-related metrics, for
each basic model. See 42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2). These values are used when
making public representations and when determining compliance with
prescribed energy conservation standards. DOE proposed in the September
2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR that DPPP manufacturers use a statistical
sampling plan consistent with the sampling plan for pumps that is
currently specified at 10 CFR 429.59 to determine representative values
of WEF and other energy-related metrics. 81 FR 64580, 64629 (Sept. 20
2016). Manufacturers would use these sampling plans to determine the
representative values of WEF and other metrics necessary to demonstrate
compliance with the adopted energy conservation standards for
dedicated-purpose pool pumps. In addition, DOE commonly specifies
enforcement procedures that DOE uses to verify compliance of a basic
model. Sections, III.K.1, III.K.2, and III.K.3 discuss DOE's sampling
plan, certification requirements, and enforcement provisions for
dedicated-purpose pool pumps, respectively.
1. Sampling Plan
DOE provides, in subpart B to 10 CFR part 429, sampling plans for
all covered equipment. For dedicated-purpose pool pumps, DOE proposed
in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR to adopt statistical
sampling plans for WEF, EF, and other energy-related metrics similar to
those adopted for pumps. 81 FR 64580, 64630 (Sept. 20, 2016). These
sampling plans generally require a sample of sufficient size such that
the representative value of WEF, EF, or any other energy consumption
metric of a DPPP basic model is less than or equal to the lower of: (A)
The lower 95 percent confidence limit divided by 1.05 or (B) the mean
of the sample. DOE also proposed similar provisions for quantities,
such as pump input power, for which consumers would favor lower values.
See 10 CFR 429.59(a)(1)(ii).
In addition to energy-related metrics, DOE also noted that the
rated hydraulic horsepower, DPPP nominal motor horsepower, DPPP motor
total horsepower, service factor, and true power factor are important
characteristics for dedicated-purpose pool pumps that must be reported
for each DPPP basic model based on the sampling plan discussed above.
Therefore, DOE also proposed that DPPP nominal motor horsepower, DPPP
motor total horsepower, service factor, and true power factor for each
DPPP basic model be determined based on the mean of the applicable test
results, for each metric, from all the tested units that serve as the
basis for the rating for that basic model. 81 FR 64580, 64630 (Sept.
20, 2016).
In written comments, Hayward and APSP requested clarification of
sampling plan and record keeping requirements for certain motor
characteristics. Specifically, APSP and Hayward asked if DOE expects
DPPP manufacturers to establish, maintain, and retain underlying test
data for nominal motor horsepower, motor total horsepower, and motor
service factor for 2 years from the date on which the model is no
longer distributed in commerce or if this information would be the
responsibility of the individual motor manufacturers. (APSP, No. 8 at
p.
[[Page 36908]]
9; Hayward, No. 6 at pp. 7-8) In addition, as noted in section III.H,
Hayward expressed concern over DOE's requirements being in conflict
with other industry programs, especially those regarding determination
of EF. (Hayward, No. 6 at p. 1)
In response to Hayward, DOE notes that while motor manufacturers
may conduct testing of motors, it is the responsibility of the DPPP
manufacturer to retain the underlying test data. As discussed in
section III.G.1.b, DOE is adopting test methods for determination of
motor horsepower characteristics consistent with those currently used
in the industry. However, given the suggestion from interested parties
that DOE only require listing DPPP motor total horsepower on the label
(see section III.I), DOE is withdrawing the proposal to establish
sampling plans for DPPP nominal motor horsepower and DPPP service
factor and adopting a sampling plan for DPPP motor total horsepower
only.
Regarding potential conflict with industry programs, which DOE
believes relates primarily to the sampling plan (as other provisions
are quantitatively consistent), in this final rule, DOE limits the
sampling plan to only metrics necessary for DOE's test procedure,
standard, and labeling requirements (i.e., WEF, rated hydraulic
horsepower, and DPPP motor total horsepower). DOE has removed the
sampling plan requirements for EF and other motor horsepower metrics.
DOE is adopting the other sampling provisions proposed in the September
2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR without modification.
In written comments, APSP asked whether small modifications to the
``basic model'' require new samples to be tested, and if so, if there
is a defined threshold regarding what change would require a new sample
to be tested. (APSP, No. 8 at pp. 10-11) DOE believes that APSP is
asking about how changes to an individual model's design impact the
represented value for a basic model. If any design changes to an
individual model that is part of a basic model result in a more
consumptive or less efficient represented value, then the individual
model must be retested and the represented value must be revised based
on the results of the retesting.
2. Certification Requirements
Paragraph (b) of 10 CFR 429.59 contains the certification
requirements for certain styles of pumps for which DOE adopted test
procedures and standards in the January 2016 general pumps test
procedure and ECS final rules. 81 FR 4086 (Jan. 25, 2016); 81 FR 4368
(Jan. 26, 2016). Because dedicated-purpose pool pumps are a style of
pump, DOE proposed in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR to
amend 10 CFR 429.59 to include the reporting requirements for
dedicated-purpose pool pumps. 81 FR 64580, 64630-64632 (Sep. 20, 2016).
Specifically, DOE proposed that the general certification report
requirements contained in 10 CFR 429.12 would apply to dedicated-
purpose pool pumps as they do to other styles of pumps, including
general pumps. However, because dedicated-purpose pool pumps have a
unique test procedure and metric from general pumps, DOE proposed
unique certification requirements for dedicated-purpose pool pumps that
require manufacturers to supply certain additional information to DOE
in certification reports to demonstrate compliance with any energy
conservation standards that DOE may set. Id.
Specifically, DOE proposed that the following items be included in
certification reports and made public on DOE's Web site:
WEF in kilogallons per kilowatt-hour (kgal/kWh);
rated hydraulic horsepower in horsepower (hp);
maximum speed of rotation in revolutions per minute (rpm);
dedicated-purpose pool pump nominal motor horsepower in
horsepower (hp);
dedicated-purpose pool pump motor total horsepower in
horsepower (hp);
dedicated-purpose pool pump service factor
(dimensionless);
the speed configuration for which the pump is being rated
(i.e., single-speed, two-speed, multi-speed, or variable-speed);
for self-priming pool filter pumps, non-self-priming pool
filter pumps, and waterfall pumps, the maximum head in feet; and
for self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps:
The vertical lift and true priming time for the DPPP model and a
statement regarding whether the pump is certified with NSF/ANSI 50-
2015. Id.
In the June 2016 DPPP Working Group recommendations, the DPPP
Working Group also recommended that DOE require reporting of true power
factor at all applicable test procedure load points in the public
information provided in the certification report for all dedicated-
purpose pool pumps to which the test procedure is applicable (i.e.,
self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps, waterfall pumps,
and pressure cleaner booster pumps). (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008,
No. 82, Recommendation #7 at p. 4) As such, DOE proposed that, for all
dedicated-purpose pool pumps to which the test procedure is applicable,
true power factor be reported at all applicable test procedure load
points in the certification report and be made public on DOE's Web
site. 81 FR 64580, 64630-64632 (Sep. 20, 2016).
In addition, as discussed in section III.B.7, the DPPP Working
Group recommended specific prescriptive requirements for dedicated-
purpose pool pumps distributed in commerce with freeze protection
controls to ensure freeze protection controls on dedicated-purpose pool
pumps only operate when necessary and do not result in unnecessary,
wasted energy use. Specifically, the DPPP Working Group recommended
that all dedicated-purpose pool pumps distributed in commerce with
freeze protection controls be shipped either:
(1) With freeze protection disabled or
(2) with the following default, user-adjustable settings:
a. The default dry-bulb air temperature setting is no greater than
40 [deg]F; and
b. The default run time setting shall be no greater than 1 hour
(before the temperature is rechecked); and
c. The default motor speed shall not be more than \1/2\ of the
maximum available speed.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 82, Recommendation #6A at p.
4)
Relatedly, the DPPP Working Group recommended that, in order to
certify compliance with such a requirement, DPPP manufacturers be
required to make a statement certifying compliance to the applicable
design requirement and make available publicly as part of their
literature the details by which they have met the applicable design
standard. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 82, Recommendation #6B
at p. 4) The DPPP Working Group specifically recommended that, as part
of certification reporting, manufacturers must include the default dry-
bulb air temperature setting (in [deg]F), default run time setting (in
minutes), and default motor speed (in rpm). (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-
STD-0008, No. 82, Recommendation #6A at p. 4) Therefore, consistent
with recommendations of the DPPP Working Group, DOE proposed that, for
dedicated-purpose pool pumps distributed in commerce with freeze
protection controls enabled, the certification report also include the
default dry-bulb air temperature setting (in [deg]F), default run time
setting (in minutes), and default motor speed (in
[[Page 36909]]
rpm). 81 FR 64580, 64630-64632 (Sep. 20, 2016).
The DPPP Working Group also recommended that DOE include a
verification procedure in case there was ever an issue regarding
whether a product distributed in commerce actually had such features.
(Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 82, Recommendation #6A at p. 4)
The verification test is discussed in more detail in section III.K.3.
Finally, for integral cartridge-filter and sand-filter pool pumps,
the DPPP Working Group recommended DOE consider only a prescriptive
standard, which requires such pumps be distributed in commerce with
pool pump timers. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 51,
Recommendation #2B at pp. 1-2) Relatedly, the DPPP Working Group also
recommended a definition for pool pump timer that describes the
specific features and operational characteristics that applicable pool
pump timers must contain in order to comply with the prescriptive
standard. The recommended definition defines pool pump timer as a pool
pump control that automatically turns off a dedicated-purpose pool pump
after a run-time of no longer than 10 hours. As such, for these DPPP
varieties, DOE proposed that the certification report must contain the
maximum run-time of the pool pump control with which the integral
cartridge-filter or sand-filter pump is distributed in commerce. 81 FR
64580, 64630-64632 (Sep. 20, 2016).
In addition to the required elements, DOE recognizes that other
DPPP characteristics may provide useful information to inform consumers
or support programs related to dedicated-purpose pool pumps. To provide
additional information to consumers and the market place, DOE proposed
in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR that the following
information may optionally be included in certification reports and, if
included, would be made public:
Calculated driver power input and flow rate at each load
point i (Pi and Qi), in horsepower (hp) and gallons per minute (gpm),
respectively; and/or
Energy factor at any desired speed on any of the specified
optional system curves (i.e., Curve A, B, C, or D), along with the
tested speed and the system curve associated with each energy factor
value. 81 FR 64580, 64631-32 (Sept. 20, 2016).
Although useful to consumers and the public, DOE recognizes that
manufacturers may incur additional burden conducting the testing for
and reporting of these additional metrics. DOE reiterates that the
reporting of these additional metrics will be optional and at the
discretion of the manufacturer.
In response to DOE's proposed reporting requirements, ASAP and NRDC
submitted written comments in support of the certification requirements
proposed in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR. (ASAP and
NRDC, No. 12 at p. 2) DOE appreciates the support of ASAP and NRDC.
During the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR public meeting,
Hayward inquired if they have a pump that meets acceptable NSF priming
criteria, how this should be reported along with the WEF value.
(Hayward, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 3 at p. 74) Additionally, in
written comments, Hayward and APSP commented that the vertical lift and
true priming time fields should only be applicable to self-priming pool
filter pumps that are not certified with NSF/ANSI 50-2015. (Hayward,
No. 6 at p. 10; APSP, No. 8 at p. 11)
As noted in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, for self-
priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps, the certification
report is required to include the vertical lift and true priming time
for the DPPP model and a statement regarding whether the pump is
certified with NSF/ANSI 50-2015. However, in light of Hayward and
APSP's concern, DOE recognizes that these requirements are only
necessary and relevant for self-priming pool filter pumps. In addition,
consistent with Hayward and APSP's request, DOE agrees that a statement
that the self-priming pool filter pump is certified with NSF/ANSI 50-
2015 is sufficient to demonstrate compliance with DOE's definition for
self-priming pool filter pump. Therefore, in this final rule, DOE is
modifying the certification reporting requirements such that only self-
priming pool filter pumps that are not certified with NSF/ANSI 50-2015
need provide the vertical lift and true priming time for the DPPP
model.
In written comments, Hayward and APSP requested that DOE explain
why maximum head (``dead head'') is listed and recommended removing it,
as they did not see the need to list it. (Hayward, No. 6 at p. 10;
APSP, No. 10 at p. 11) In response, DOE clarifies that maximum head is
necessary to differentiate waterfall pumps from self-priming and non-
self-priming pool filter pumps. As described in section III.B.4.a,
section III.G.3, and the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR,
waterfall pumps are, by definition, pool filter pumps with maximum head
less than or equal to 30 feet, and a maximum speed less than or equal
to 1,800 rpm. Therefore, in order to unambiguously distinguish
waterfall pumps from other varieties of pool filter pumps, DOE
established a specific and repeatable method for determining maximum
head of pool filter pumps (discussed in section III.G.3). DOE requires
reporting of the maximum head, determined in accordance with the test
procedure for self-priming pool filter pumps, non-self-priming pool
filter pumps, and waterfall pumps, to ensure that such pumps are
appropriately categorized into the correct equipment class.
Hayward and APSP also recommended that, for dedicated-purpose pool
pumps with freeze protection controls shipped disabled, the default
dry-bulb air temperature setting, default run time setting, and default
motor speed setting should not have to be reported. (Hayward, No. 6 at
p. 10; APSP, No. 10 at p. 11) In response, DOE notes that Hayward and
APSP's suggestion is consistent with the proposal in the September 2016
DPPP test procedure NOPR. 81 FR 64580, 64645 (Sept. 20, 2016). As such,
in this final rule, DOE is adopting the proposal in the September 2016
DPPP test procedure NOPR that in the certification report all
dedicated-purpose pool pumps must provide a statement regarding if
freeze protection is shipped enabled or disabled, but only dedicated-
purpose pool pumps distributed in commerce with freeze protection
controls enabled must provide the default dry-bulb air temperature
setting (in [deg]F), default run time setting (in minutes), and default
motor speed (in rpm).
During the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR public meeting,
CA IOUs recommended clarifying that the maximum run time for integrated
cartridge-filter and sand-filter pumps referred to the maximum run time
without resetting the timer. (CA IOUs, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 3
at p. 90) In response, DOE acknowledges CA IOUs concern that the
maximum run time in the field could be extended by resetting the timer.
However, DOE believes that the maximum run time of the model is the
maximum time interval for which the timer can be set to run and that it
is implied that such does not account for resetting of the timer, as it
is a physical and unambiguous characteristic of the equipment.
Therefore, DOE agrees with CA IOUs regarding the intent of the
statement, but does not believe such clarification is necessary.
APSP and Hayward also requested confirmation that the test
procedure to determine EF is optional and neither it
[[Page 36910]]
nor data relating to it will be required to be provided or certified to
DOE. (APSP, No. 8 at p. 9; Hayward, No. 6 at p. 8) Similarly, Zodiac
also commented that optional items, such as EF, pump efficiency,
overall efficiency, driver power input, and/or pump power output,
should remain optional and up to the manufacturer to present. (Zodiac,
No. 13 at p. 3)
Regarding APSP, Hayward, and Zodiac's comments with respect to EF
and other optional tested values (i.e., pump efficiency, overall
efficiency, driver power input, and/or pump power output), DOE
reiterates that the EF test procedure proposed was optional in that
manufacturers may decline to make any representations of EF, but that
if made, all representations of relevant metrics, including EF, would
need to be based on the DOE test procedure 180 days after publication
of this final rule in the Federal Register. However, EF, pump
efficiency, overall efficiency, driver power input, and/or pump power
output are not required to be reported to DOE.
In addition, as discussed in section III.F, DOE received several
comments from interested parties regarding the testing and
representation of energy factor and consistency with other programs. To
respond to the concerns of interested parties and clarify the
applicability of DPPP metrics, DOE, in this final rule, is adopting two
appendices that are applicable before (appendix B) and on or after
(appendix C) July 19, 2021, the compliance date of the adopted energy
conservation standards for this equipment. As a result of the confusion
regarding representations of energy factor and the lack of comments
supporting the optional reporting of energy factor to DOE, DOE is not
adopting the proposal to optionally list any tested energy factor
values in the certification report submitted to DOE. Specifically, DOE
is not including EF at any desired speed on any of the specified
optional system curves (i.e., Curve A, B, C, or D), along with the
tested speed and the system curve associated with each energy factor
value in the certification report.
DOE did not receive any other comments or suggestions regarding the
certification reporting requirements for dedicated-purpose pool pumps.
As such, DOE is adopting, in this final rule, the certification
reporting requirements as proposed in the September 2016 DPPP test
procedure NOPR, with the exception of the optional listing of energy
factor as discussed above. DOE is also clarifying the applicability of
the certification requirements that are only applicable to certain
styles of pumps for which DOE adopted test procedures and standards in
the January 2016 general pumps test procedure and ECS final rules. 81
FR 4086 (Jan. 25, 2016); 81 FR 4368 (Jan. 26, 2016). DOE notes that, as
specified in paragraph (a) of 10 CFR 429.12, the certification
requirements for covered products and equipment, including those
discussed in this final rule, are only applicable to equipment subject
to an applicable energy conservation standard set forth in 10 CFR part
430 or 431. Therefore, the certification requirements established in
this final rule will only be required on and after July 19, 2021, the
compliance date for energy conservation standards for dedicated-purpose
pool pumps.
3. Enforcement Provisions
Enforcement provisions govern the process DOE will follow when
performing its own assessment of basic model compliance with standards,
as described under subpart C of 10 CFR part 429. Specifically, subpart
C describes the notification requirements, legal processes, penalties,
specific prohibited acts, and testing protocols related to testing
covered equipment to determine or verify compliance with standards. 10
CFR 429.102-429.134. DOE notes that the same general enforcement
provisions contained in subpart C of 10 CFR part 429 will be applicable
to dedicated-purpose pool pumps.
Related to enforcement testing of dedicated-purpose pool pumps, as
specified in 10 CFR 429.110(e), DOE proposed in the September 2016 DPPP
test procedure NOPR to conduct the applicable DPPP test procedure, to
determine the WEF for tested DPPP models. 81 FR 64580, 64632 (Sept. 20,
2016). In addition, DOE proposed to use, when determining performance
for a specific basic model, the enforcement testing sample size,
calculations, and procedures laid out in appendix A to subpart C of 10
CFR part 429 for consumer products and certain high-volume commercial
equipment. These procedures, in general, provide that DOE will test an
initial sample of at least 4 units and determine the mean WEF value and
standard error of the sample. DOE will then compare these values to the
WEF standard level, once adopted, to determine the compliance of the
basic model or if additional testing (up to a total of 21 units) is
required to make a compliance determination with sufficient confidence.
DOE also proposed to clarify that the provisions at 10 CFR
429.110(e)(5), which are applicable to general pumps subject to the
January 2016 general pumps test procedure final rule, are not
applicable to dedicated-purpose pool pumps. Id.
In addition, when determining compliance of any units tested for
enforcement purposes, DOE proposed in the September 2016 DPPP test
procedure NOPR to adopt provisions that specify how DOE would determine
the rated hydraulic horsepower at maximum speed on the reference curve
for determining the appropriate test method and standard level for any
tested equipment (if applicable). Specifically, DOE proposed to perform
the same test procedure for determining the rated hydraulic horsepower
at maximum speed on the reference curve specified by the test procedure
for each DPPP variety (see section III.D) on one or more units of each
model selected for testing. DOE proposed that, if the rated hydraulic
horsepower determined through DOE's testing (either the measured rated
hydraulic horsepower for a single unit sample or the average of the
measured rated hydraulic horsepower values for a multiple unit sample)
is within 5 percent of the certified value of rated hydraulic
horsepower, then DOE will use the certified value of rated hydraulic
horsepower as the basis for determining the standard level for tested
equipment. However, if DOE's tested value of rated hydraulic horsepower
is not within 5 percent of the certified value of rated hydraulic
horsepower, DOE will use the arithmetic mean of all the rated hydraulic
horsepower values resulting from DOE's testing when determining the
standard level for tested equipment. 81 FR 64580, 64632 (Sept. 20,
2016).
In addition, DOE proposed to establish similar procedures for
relevant quantities necessary to differentiate the varieties of pool
filter pumps: Self-priming pool filter pumps, non-self-priming pool
filter pumps, and waterfall pumps. Specifically, to differentiate
waterfall pumps, DOE proposed an enforcement testing procedure for the
maximum head value. Similarly, to differentiate self-priming and non-
self-priming pool filter pumps, DOE proposed performing the self-
priming capability test and determine the vertical lift and true
priming time of one or more tested units. DOE proposed tolerances of 5
percent on the certified values in both of these instances as well. Id.
Pentair responded that without audit and enforcement, the economic
effect from the potential costs related to testing (see section IV.B)
could be low as manufacturers will not feel compelled to re-test
dedicated-purpose pool pumps. (Pentair, No. 11 at p. 4) DOE responds
that DOE does conduct
[[Page 36911]]
enforcement testing, as discussed in this section. If a product is
suspected of not meeting the minimum energy conservation standard, DOE
has enforcement mechanisms to verify the equipment performance in
relation to the standard. DOE's burden assessment contained in section
IV.B reflects the assumption that manufacturers will conduct testing
and certify equipment in accordance with the test procedure adopted in
this final rule.
DOE did not receive any other comments related to DOE's proposal
related to enforcement testing provisions for WEF, rated hydraulic
horsepower, maximum head, or self-priming capability. As such, DOE is
adopting the enforcement testing provisions for WEF, rated hydraulic
horsepower, and maximum head, as proposed in the September 2016 DPPP
test procedure NOPR. However, with regard to the enforcement provisions
to verify the self-priming capability of non-self-priming pool filter
pumps and self-priming pool filter pumps not certified with NSF/ANSI
50-2015, DOE notes that, in response to comments from interested
parties, DOE is removing the requirement to report the vertical lift
and true priming time of non-self-priming pool filter pumps, as
discussed in section III.K.2. As DOE's proposed enforcement testing
provisions included comparing the tested values to the values of
vertical lift and true priming time certified by the manufacturer to
determine the validity of the certified values, DOE must adopt
different criteria for non-self-priming pool filter pumps, as they will
not have certified values to which DOE can compare the test results.
Instead, DOE is adopting validity criteria for non-self-priming pool
filter pumps based on the values of vertical lift and true priming time
referenced in the definition of non-self-priming pool filter pump. That
is, DOE will compare the values of vertical lift and true priming time
obtained from the tested unit(s) to the values of vertical lift and
true priming time referenced in the definition of non-self-priming pool
filter pump (i.e., 5.0 feet and 10.0 minutes, respectively). DOE will
continue to apply the same tolerance of 5 percent so that any non-self-
priming pool filter pump that is not capable of priming to a vertical
lift of 5.0 feet with a true priming time of less than or equal to 9.5
minutes (10.0 minutes--5 percent) will continue to be treated as a non-
self-priming pool filter pump, as certified by the manufacturer. DOE
notes that vertical lift and true priming time are related variables,
such that the 5 percent tolerance need only be applied to true priming
time as the independent variable.
In addition, based on DPPP Working Group recommendations (Docket
No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 82, Recommendation #6B at p. 4), DOE
also proposed in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR a
procedure to verify the presence and operation of any freeze protection
controls distributed in commerce with any applicable dedicated-purpose
pool pump. The proposed procedure starts by installing the DPPP unit in
a test stand in accordance with HI 40.6-2014 with the pump powered on
but not circulating water (i.e., the controls are active and the flow
or speed are set to zero). The temperature measured by the freeze
protection temperature control would then be gradually decreased by 1
0.5 [deg]F every 5.0 minutes, starting at 42
0.5 [deg]F until the pump freeze protection controls initiate water
circulation or 38 0.5 [deg]F, whichever occurs first. The
freeze protection ambient temperature reading and DPPP rotating speed,
if any, would be recorded after each reduction in temperature and
subsequent stabilization. 81 FR 64580, 64633 (Sept. 20, 2016).
Under DOE's proposed test procedure, if the DPPP freeze protection
controls do not initiate water circulation at a temperature of 38
0.5 [deg]F, as measured by the freeze protection ambient
temperature sensor, the test would conclude and the dedicated-purpose
pool pump would be deemed compliant. If the freeze protection controls
initiate water circulation, the temperature would be increased to 42
0.5 [deg]F and the dedicated-purpose pool pump would be
allowed to run for at least 30.0 minutes. After 30.0 minutes, the
freeze protection ambient temperature and rotating speed, if any, would
be recorded again. If the dedicated-purpose pool pump initiated water
circulation at a temperature greater than 40 [deg]F, if the dedicated-
purpose pool pump is still circulating water after 30.0 minutes of
operation at 42 0.5 [deg]F, or if rotating speed for
freeze protection is greater than one-half of the maximum rotating
speed of the DPPP model, as certified by the manufacturer, that DPPP
model would be deemed to not comply with the stated design requirement
for freeze protection controls. Id.
In written comments, ASAP and NRDC expressed appreciation that DOE
developed a verification procedure that can be used to verify whether a
DPPP shipped with freeze protection controls meets the freeze
protection certification requirements promulgated in this rule. (ASAP
and NRDC, No. 12 at pp. 2-3) DOE appreciates the support of ASAP and
NRDC.
During the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR public meeting,
Pentair raised a concern that the default run-time setting in the
freeze protection requirements recommended by the DPPP Working Group is
no greater than an hour, but the test procedure stops after 30.0
minutes. (Pentair, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 3 at p. 101)
In response, DOE agrees with Pentair that the time requirement in
the freeze protection enforcement testing procedure should be 60.0
minutes, rather than the 30.0 minutes proposed in the September 2016
DPPP test procedure NOPR, consistent with the recommendations of the
DPPP Working Group. Therefore, in this final rule, DOE is updating the
procedure to allow 60.0 minutes of operation before the freeze
protection ambient temperature and rotating speed, if any, will be
recorded again.
In written comments, APSP and Pentair questioned why the dry-bulb
temperature was selected as the measurement to determine temperature.
APSP and Pentair commented that few if any of the products in the
market use dry-bulb temperature sensors to initiate freeze protection
controls. (APSP, No. 8 at p. 4; Pentair, No. 11 at p. 2) DOE responds
that DOE researched the typical controls and sensing mechanisms of
freeze protection controls when developing the test method. Based on
DOE's research, the three largest pool pump manufacturers produce
freeze protection systems that sense the ambient air temperature and
(if freeze protection is enabled) activate the freeze protection mode
when the ambient air temperature falls below a certain threshold.\62\
On May 19, 2016, the DPPP Working Group discussed using the dry-bulb
air temperature as one of the key metrics for specifying the
characteristics of freeze protection controls, and no members of the
group opposed the use of dry-bulb temperature. (Docket No. EERE-2015-
BT-STD-0008, No. 101 at pp. 105-107) Then, the DPPP Working Group
recommended that manufacturers include dry-bulb air temperature in
their certification reports. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 82
Recommendation #6A at p. 4) DOE
[[Page 36912]]
believes that the manufacturers' installation and operation manuals,
the DPPP Working Group discussions, and the DPPP Working Group
recommendations provide ample justification for using dry-bulb air
temperature as a certification requirement for dedicated-purpose pool
pumps distributed in commerce with freeze protection controls enabled.
Further, DOE is not aware of other temperature-based criteria that are
relevant to the activation of freeze protection controls at this time
and Pentair did not provide an alternative recommendation in their
comments. If freeze protection controls are developed that activate
based on alternative temperature criteria (other than dry-bulb air
temperature), DOE may consider modifying the enforcement test and any
prescriptive freeze protection control requirements at that time.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\62\ Several operation manuals for pool control systems note
that freeze protection is triggered by air temperature. See, for
example: Pentair. Intellitouch Quick-Start Manual. 2004.
www.pentairpool.com/pdfs/IntelliTouchQuickStartIG.pdf. Hayward. Pro
Logic Operation Manual. 2010. www.hayward-pool.com/pdf/manuals/PLTPM-PL-PS-x&PL-PS-x-VOperationsOct08&Later.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
CA IOUs also raised questions related to the temperature
measurement apparatus and whether the measurement would be impacted by
heat created by the DPPP motor. (CA IOUs, Public Meeting Transcript,
No. 3 at pp. 101-102)
In response, DOE notes that, as described in the September 2016
DPPP test procedure NOPR, several methods are allowed to control and
record the temperature registered by the freeze protection ambient
temperature sensor. This can be accomplished, depending on the specific
location and configuration of the temperature sensor, by exposing the
freeze protection thermocouple to a specific temperature by, for
example, submerging the thermocouple in a water bath of known
temperature, adjusting the ambient air temperature of the test chamber
and measuring the temperature directly at the freeze protection ambient
temperature sensor location, or other means to simulate and vary the
ambient temperature registered by the freeze protection temperature
sensor(s). While DOE acknowledges that, as noted by CA IOUs, the
temperature measured by the freeze protection ambient temperature
sensor may be slightly higher than the bulk ambient temperature due to
localized heating of the sensor from the DPPP motor and controls, DOE
believes this is representative of operation in the field and the test
procedure is designed to accommodate this. Based on the recommendations
of the DPPP Working Group, the freeze protection enforcement test is
designed to identify DPPP freeze protection controls that initiate
water circulation when the freeze protection ambient temperature sensor
registers 40.0 [deg]F or higher, regardless of the bulk ambient
temperature (which may be slightly cooler than 40.0 [deg]F). DOE notes
that this is accomplished regardless of the method used to measure and
control the freeze protection ambient temperature sensor and enables
the variety of methods discussed previously. If only the bulk ambient
temperature were measured, the pump would need to be placed in an
environmental chamber and the temperature of the chamber controlled in
order to test the freeze protection controls operation. In summary, DOE
believes that the proposed temperature measurement methods provide a
representative measure of the ambient temperature measured by the
freeze protection controls and minimizes burden associated with the
test by providing a variety of options for measuring and controlling
the temperature registered by the freeze protection ambient temperature
sensor. DOE also believes the proposal is consistent with the intent of
the DPPP Working Group recommendations. Therefore, while DOE
acknowledges CA IOUs concern, DOE is adopting the specifications
regarding measurement of the temperature registered by the freeze
protection ambient temperature sensor as proposed in the September 2016
DPPP test procedure NOPR.
APSP and Hayward, in written comments, recommended clarifying that
enforcement testing of freeze protection is not applicable for units
shipped with the freeze protection disabled. (APSP, No. 8 at p. 11;
Hayward, No. 6 at p. 10) In response, DOE clarifies that the provisions
are primarily intended to verify that the default settings for
dedicated-purpose pool pumps shipped with freeze protection control
enabled are within the thresholds recommended by the DPPP Working
Group. However, DOE notes that the freeze protection control
enforcement test could also be applied to dedicated-purpose pool pumps
shipped with freeze protection control disabled to verify the fact that
the controls were, in fact, disabled. In either case, any dedicated-
purpose pool pumps tested under the freeze protection control
enforcement test provisions should not be altered from their as-shipped
settings. DOE is clarifying, in this final rule, that dedicated-purpose
pool pumps must be tested in the ``as-shipped control settings'' when
applying the freeze protection control enforcement test. DOE notes that
the actual design requirements would be established in any ECS
rulemaking for dedicated-purpose pool pumps and that this verification
procedure would only be necessary if and when any such requirements are
established.
APSP and Hayward also recommended clarifying that the vertical lift
and true priming time for enforcement testing of the self-priming
capability test should be 6 minutes or the manufacturers recommended
prime time, as permitted by NSF/ANSI 50-2015. (APSP, No. 8 at p.11;
Hayward, No. 6 at p. 10)
In response, DOE acknowledges that, as defined, self-priming pool
filter pumps that are certified with NSF/ANSI 50-2015 would have been
tested based on the criteria in NSF/ANSI 50-2015 that allow for some
amount of manufacturer discretion with regard to the tested vertical
lift and true priming time. Specifically, NSF/ANSI 50-2015 allows a
vertical lift of 5 feet or the manufacturers specified lift, whichever
is greater, and a true priming time not to exceed 6 minutes or the
manufacturers recommended time, whichever is greater. However, DOE
notes that DOE's self-priming capability enforcement testing provisions
are fundamentally designed to evaluate the self-priming capability of a
pool filter pump not certified to NSF/ANSI 50-2015 as self-priming to
verify the appropriate equipment class is applied to each DPPP model.
As such, the criteria adopted in the definitions of self-priming and
non-self-priming pool filter pump (see section III.B.3.a) are most
applicable.
In addition, DOE notes that, as discussed in the DPPP Working
Group, DOE's specified criteria of a vertical lift of 5.0 feet and true
priming time of 10.0 minutes were meant to ensure that any pump
certified to NSF/ANSI 50-2015 as a self-priming pump would inherently
meet DOE's criteria for self-priming pumps. That is, based on NSF/ANSI
criteria, any pump that was certified as self-priming would have a
vertical lift of at least 5.0 feet, which would also comply with DOE's
requirement. Regarding the true priming time, as NSF/ANSI 50-2015
allows for a true priming time of 6 minutes or the manufacturers
specified time, whichever is greater, it is possible that a pump could
be certified to NSF/ANSI 50-2015 with a priming time greater than 10.0
minutes and still be qualified as a self-priming pump. However, the
DPPP Working Group noted on several occasions that the majority of
existing self-priming pool filter pumps have true priming times less
than 10.0 minutes. (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 95 at pp. 20-
38, 110-113, and 119-128; Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008, No. 79 at
pp. 154-192) However, DOE would only apply the self-priming
[[Page 36913]]
capability enforcement test to pool filter pumps that are not certified
as self-priming with NSF/ANSI 50-2015 and, therefore, DOE's
requirements of 5.0 feet and 10.0 minutes are the applicable
thresholds.
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has determined that test
procedure rulemakings do not constitute ``significant regulatory
actions'' under section 3(f) of Executive Order 12866, Regulatory
Planning and Review, 58 FR 51735 (Oct. 4, 1993). Accordingly, this
action was not subject to review under the Executive Order by the
Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) in the Office of
Management and Budget (OMB).
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) requires
preparation of a regulatory flexibility analysis for any rule that by
law must be proposed for public comment, unless the agency certifies
that the rule, if promulgated, will not have a significant economic
impact on a substantial number of small entities. As required by
Executive Order 13272, ``Proper Consideration of Small Entities in
Agency Rulemaking,'' 67 FR 53461 (August 16, 2002), DOE published
procedures and policies on February 19, 2003 to ensure that the
potential impacts of its rules on small entities are properly
considered during the DOE rulemaking process. 68 FR 7990. DOE has made
its procedures and policies available on the Office of the General
Counsel's Web site: http://energy.gov/gc/office-general-counsel.
DOE reviewed this final rule, which establishes a new test
procedure for dedicated-purpose pool pumps, under the provisions of the
Regulatory Flexibility Act and the procedures and policies published on
February 19, 2003. DOE concludes that this final rule will not result
in a significant impact on a substantial number of small entities, as
it would not, in and of itself, require the use of the adopted test
procedure. That is, any burden associated with testing dedicated-
purpose pool pumps in accordance with the requirements of this test
procedure is accounted for in the related January 2017 DPPP DFR, as
promulgation of energy conservation standards is what ultimately
requires use of the adopted test procedure. 82 FR 5650, 5738-40. On
this basis, DOE certifies that this test procedure final rule would not
have a ``significant economic impact on a substantial number of small
entities,'' and the preparation of a regulatory flexibility analysis is
not warranted. DOE will transmit the certification and supporting
statement of factual basis to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the
Small Business Administration (SBA) for review under 5 U.S.C. 605(b).
1. Review of DPPP Manufacturers
As presented in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE
conducted a focused inquiry into manufacturers of equipment covered by
this rulemaking. During its market survey, DOE used available public
information to identify potential small manufacturers. DOE's research
involved the review of individual company Web sites and marketing
research tools (e.g., Dun and Bradstreet reports, Manta, Hoovers) to
create a list of companies that manufacture pumps covered by this
rulemaking. Using these sources, DOE identified 21 distinct
manufacturers of dedicated-purpose pool pumps. 81 FR 64580, 64637.
DOE notes that the Regulatory Flexibility Act requires analysis of,
in particular, ``small entities'' that might be affected by the rule.
For the DPPP manufacturing industry, the SBA has set a size threshold,
which defines those entities classified as ``small businesses'' for the
purpose of the statute. DOE used the SBA's size standards to determine
whether any small entities would be required to comply with the rule.
The size standards are codified at 13 CFR part 121. The standards are
listed by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code
and industry description and are available at https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/files/Size_Standards_Table.pdf.
DPPP manufacturers are classified under NAICS 333911, ``Pump and
Pumping Equipment Manufacturing.'' The SBA sets a threshold of 750
employees or less for an entity to be considered as a small business
for this category. To determine the number of DPPP manufacturers that
are small businesses and might be differentially affected by the rule,
DOE reviewed these data to determine whether the entities met the SBA's
definition of a small business manufacturer of dedicated-purpose pool
pumps and then screened out companies that do not offer equipment
covered by this rulemaking, do not meet the definition of a ``small
business,'' are foreign-owned and operated, or are owned by another
company. Based on this review, DOE identified five companies that would
be considered small manufacturers by the SBA definition in terms of the
number of employees.
DOE requested comment on this estimate in the September 2016 DPPP
test procedure NOPR. 81 FR 64580, 64637 (Sept. 20, 2016). Hayward
commented that they had no means to confirm the accuracy of this value.
(Hayward, No. 10 at pp. 10-11) Further analysis of small businesses was
conducted as part of the Manufacturer Impact Analysis discussed in the
January 2017 DPPP DFR. 82 FR 5650, 5726.
2. Burden of Conducting the DOE DPPP Test Procedure
Although DOE maintains that this test procedure has no incremental
burden associated with it when viewed as a stand-alone rulemaking, DOE
recognizes that DPPP energy conservation standards were adopted in the
January 2017 DPPP DFR. 86 FR 5650, 5743. Given the DPPP ECS rulemaking
and the potential testing manufacturers may elect to undertake prior to
July 19, 2021, the compliance date of adopted standards, DOE estimated
the cost of developing certified ratings for covered DPPP models.
In the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE estimated the
cost to test and certify a DPPP basic model, and the total
certification cost for each manufacturer, based on input from
manufacturers and independent research. DOE estimated the cost for both
(a) testing units in house and (b) testing units at a third-party
testing facility. Using the assumption that each manufacturer rates 15
basic models on average, DOE developed testing costs for manufacturers
that perform in-house testing ranging from $1,000 to $1,350 per basic
model. This included up to $1,000 in capital costs, and up to $350 in
labor costs to perform the DPPP tests to comply with DOE's testing
requirements. For testing units at third party test labs, DOE estimated
the cost to be $11,000 per basic model. 81 FR 64580, 64635-64637 (Sept.
20, 2016).
In response to the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, APSP,
Hayward, and Pentair commented that DOE's estimated capital cost for
in-house testing is too low. APSP, Hayward, Pentair, and Zodiac stated
that a manufacturer starting out should expect to spend between $50,000
and $100,000 for equipment suitable for testing. (APSP, No. 8 at p. 11;
Hayward, No. 6 at p. 10; Pentair, No. 11, at p. 4; Zodiac, No. 13 at p.
3) In addition, Hayward, APSP, and Zodiac stated that the estimated
time to complete a test of a DPPP basic model is between 12 and 14
hours. (APSP, No. 8 at p. 11;
[[Page 36914]]
Hayward, No. 6 at p. 10; Zodiac, No. 13 at p. 3)
DOE notes that APSP, Hayward, Pentair, and Zodiac did not provide
additional detail regarding the basis for their estimates or why they
are higher than DOE's estimates. However, DOE recognizes that the
assumptions in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR only
accounted for the capital cost of acquiring the necessary equipment and
did not account for the additional labor associated with setting up and
commissioning any new testing facility. DOE believes that, including
the additional labor estimates, a figure of $50,000 to $100,000 may be
appropriate. Therefore, DOE has revised the worst-case burden estimate,
which was previously estimated as $43,800, using the information
provided by manufacturers. Using the same assumption from the September
2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR that each manufacturer will rate 15 basic
models on average and the estimated capital costs provided by Hayward,
APSP, Pentair, and Zodiac, the worst-case burden estimate ranges from
$3,333 to $6,666 per basic model. In addition, adjusting the testing
time to 14 hours and using a labor rate with fringe benefits of $56.42
per hour,\63\ the total labor costs are $790 per basic model. In total,
using estimates from Hayward, APSP, Pentair, and Zodiac, the per basic
model testing costs range from $4,123 to $7,456.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\63\ U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2015.
Employer Costs for Employee Compensation--Management, Professional,
and Related Employees. Washington, DC. www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/ecec.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
However, as discussed in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure
NOPR, many DPPP manufacturers already have existing testing
capabilities and likely would not incur the full burden on constructing
completely new test facilities. Specifically, DOE estimated a more
representative burden estimate of $15,000 for manufacturers that may be
required to acquire new power measurement equipment and power
conditioning equipment to comply with the proposed test procedure
requirements. However, DOE noted that the costs could be as low as $0.
81 FR 64580, 64635-64637 (Sept. 20, 2016). DOE notes that these
representative burden estimates are consistent with the comments of
APSP, Hayward, and Pentair that many of the requirements regarding test
equipment and test conditions adopted in the DOE test procedure are
consistent with (or less stringent than) those already in use in
manufacturer's test labs (see section III.E.2.e and III.E.2.f). (APSP,
No. 8 at p. 7; Hayward, No. 6 at pp. 7, 11; Pentair, No. 11 at p. 4) In
addition, in response to comments from interested parties, DOE is
making several modifications in this test procedure final rule to
further align testing requirements with existing industry programs and,
therefore, reduce testing burden for manufacturers (see section
III.E.2, III.H, and III.K.1). However, Pentair pointed out that
manufacturers may need to upgrade capacity to certify all applicable
DPPP models in accordance with the regulation. (Pentair, No. 11 at p.
4) While DOE understands that manufacturers may incur cost to certify
DPPP models in accordance with any energy conservation standard that
may be set, there is no requirement to certify any or all models
associated with this test procedure final rule. As such, DOE is
assessing the burden associated with certifying DPPP models in
accordance with this test procedure and the impact on manufacturers in
the Manufacturer Impact Analysis in the associated energy conservation
standard (Docket No. EERE-2015-BT-STD-0008). Specifically, in the
Manufacturer Impact Analysis in the energy conservation standard, DOE
is including the highest cost per basic model testing cost estimate to
prevent underestimating testing burden to the industry. DOE determined
that the per basic model test cost at third-party test labs ($11,000
per model, as estimated in the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR)
is greater than the per basic model test cost estimate from Hayward,
Pentair, and APSP. Therefore, in the ECS Manufacturer Impact
Assessment, DOE assumes that all manufacturers test 15 basic models at
third-party test labs at a cost of $11,000 per basic model.
In the September 2016 DPPP test procedure NOPR, DOE also estimated
that manufacturers incur testing burden every time a new basic model is
introduced. DOE estimated that manufacturers introduce or significantly
modify the basic model every 5 years. Pentair APSP, and Zodiac
responded that significant changes in basic models are not common and
the 5 year estimate is low. APSP commented that 5 years is the minimum
time for a manufacturer to make changes to basic models, but it could
be as much as 10 years. (Pentair, No. 11 at p. 4; APSP, No. 8 at p. 12;
Zodiac, No. 13 at p. 3) DOE appreciates the comments from the
interested parties and concludes that, based on the updated testing
time of 14 hours discussed previously, ongoing testing costs would be
approximately $790 per manufacturer to certify new models. However, DOE
reiterates that this cost would not be required until the compliance
date of any energy conservation standard that may be adopted for such
equipment.
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
All collections of information from the public by a Federal agency
must receive prior approval from OMB. DOE has established regulations
for the certification and recordkeeping requirements for covered
consumer products and industrial equipment. 10 CFR part 429, subpart B.
In an application to renew the OMB information collection approval for
DOE's certification and recordkeeping requirements filed in January
2015, DOE included an estimated burden for manufacturers of pumps in
case DOE ultimately sets energy conservation standards for this
equipment, and OMB approved the revised information collection for
DOE's certification and recordkeeping requirements. 80 FR 5099 (Jan.
30, 2015). In the January 2016 general pumps ECS final rule, DOE
established energy conservation standards and reporting requirements
for certain categories of pumps and estimated that public reporting
burden for the certification for pumps, similar to other covered
consumer products and commercial equipment, would average 30 hours per
response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching
existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and
completing and reviewing the collection of information. 81 FR 4368,
4428 (Jan. 26, 2016). As dedicated-purpose pool pumps are a specific
style of pump and the testing and certification requirements adopted in
this final rule are similar to those established for general pumps in
the January 2016 general pumps test procedure final rule, DOE believes
that the estimated reporting burden of 30 hours would also be
applicable for dedicated-purpose pool pumps. 81 FR 4086 (Jan. 25,
2016). DOE notes that, although this test procedure rulemaking
discusses recordkeeping requirements that are associated with executing
and maintaining the test data for this equipment (see section III.K.1),
certification requirements would not need to be performed until July
19, 2021, the compliance date of adopted energy conservation standards
for dedicated-purpose pool pumps.
Notwithstanding any other provision of the law, no person is
required to respond to, nor shall any person be subject to a penalty
for failure to comply with, a collection of information subject to the
requirements of the PRA, unless
[[Page 36915]]
that collection of information displays a currently valid OMB Control
Number.
D. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
In this final rule, DOE is adopting new definitions; a new test
procedure; and new certification, enforcement, and labeling
requirements for dedicated-purpose pool pumps. DOE has determined that
this rule falls into a class of actions that are categorically excluded
from review under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42
U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) and DOE's implementing regulations at 10 CFR part
1021. Specifically, this rule considers a test procedure for dedicated-
purpose pool pumps that is largely based upon industry test procedures
and methodologies resulting from a negotiated rulemaking without
affecting the amount, quality, or distribution of energy usage, and,
therefore, will not result in any environmental impacts. Thus, this
rulemaking is covered by Categorical Exclusion A5 under 10 CFR part
1021, subpart D, which applies to any rulemaking that interprets or
amends an existing rule without changing the environmental effect of
that rule. Accordingly, neither an environmental assessment nor an
environmental impact statement is required.
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
Executive Order 13132, ``Federalism,'' 64 FR 43255 (August 4,
1999), imposes certain requirements on agencies formulating and
implementing policies or regulations that preempt State law or that
have Federalism implications. The Executive Order requires agencies to
examine the constitutional and statutory authority supporting any
action that would limit the policymaking discretion of the States and
to carefully assess the necessity for such actions. The Executive Order
also requires agencies to have an accountable process to ensure
meaningful and timely input by State and local officials in the
development of regulatory policies that have Federalism implications.
On March 14, 2000, DOE published a statement of policy describing the
intergovernmental consultation process it will follow in the
development of such regulations. 65 FR 13735. DOE examined this final
rule and determined that it will not have a substantial direct effect
on the States, on the relationship between the national government and
the States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among
the various levels of government. EPCA governs and prescribes Federal
preemption of State regulations as to energy conservation for the
products that are the subject of this final rule. States can petition
DOE for exemption from such preemption to the extent, and based on
criteria, set forth in EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6297(d)) No further action is
required by Executive Order 13132.
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
Regarding the review of existing regulations and the promulgation
of new regulations, section 3(a) of Executive Order 12988, ``Civil
Justice Reform,'' 61 FR 4729 (Feb. 7, 1996), imposes on Federal
agencies the general duty to adhere to the following requirements: (1)
Eliminate drafting errors and ambiguity; (2) write regulations to
minimize litigation; (3) provide a clear legal standard for affected
conduct rather than a general standard; and (4) promote simplification
and burden reduction. Section 3(b) of Executive Order 12988
specifically requires that Executive agencies make every reasonable
effort to ensure that the regulation (1) clearly specifies the
preemptive effect, if any; (2) clearly specifies any effect on existing
Federal law or regulation; (3) provides a clear legal standard for
affected conduct while promoting simplification and burden reduction;
(4) specifies the retroactive effect, if any; (5) adequately defines
key terms; and (6) addresses other important issues affecting clarity
and general draftsmanship under any guidelines issued by the Attorney
General. Section 3(c) of Executive Order 12988 requires Executive
agencies to review regulations in light of applicable standards in
sections 3(a) and 3(b) to determine whether they are met or it is
unreasonable to meet one or more of them. DOE has completed the
required review and determined that, to the extent permitted by law,
this final rule meets the relevant standards of Executive Order 12988.
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA)
requires each Federal agency to assess the effects of Federal
regulatory actions on State, local, and Tribal governments and the
private sector. Public Law 104-4, sec. 201 (codified at 2 U.S.C. 1531).
For a regulatory action resulting in a rule that may cause the
expenditure by State, local, and Tribal governments, in the aggregate,
or by the private sector of $100 million or more in any one year
(adjusted annually for inflation), section 202 of UMRA requires a
Federal agency to publish a written statement that estimates the
resulting costs, benefits, and other effects on the national economy.
(2 U.S.C. 1532(a), (b)) The UMRA also requires a Federal agency to
develop an effective process to permit timely input by elected officers
of State, local, and Tribal governments on a proposed ``significant
intergovernmental mandate,'' and requires an agency plan for giving
notice and opportunity for timely input to potentially affected small
governments before establishing any requirements that might
significantly or uniquely affect small governments. On March 18, 1997,
DOE published a statement of policy on its process for
intergovernmental consultation under UMRA. 62 FR 12820; also available
at http://energy.gov/gc/office-general-counsel. DOE examined this final
rule according to UMRA and its statement of policy and determined that
the rule contains neither an intergovernmental mandate, nor a mandate
that may result in the expenditure of $100 million or more in any year,
so these requirements do not apply.
H. Review Under the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act,
1999
Section 654 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 1999 (Pub. L. 105-277) requires Federal agencies to issue a Family
Policymaking Assessment for any rule that may affect family well-being.
This final rule will not have any impact on the autonomy or integrity
of the family as an institution. Accordingly, DOE has concluded that it
is not necessary to prepare a Family Policymaking Assessment.
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
DOE has determined, under Executive Order 12630, ``Governmental
Actions and Interference with Constitutionally Protected Property
Rights,'' 53 FR 8859 (March 18, 1988), that this regulation will not
result in any takings that might require compensation under the Fifth
Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
J. Review Under Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act,
2001
Section 515 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001 (44 U.S.C. 3516 note) provides for agencies to review most
disseminations of information to the public under guidelines
established by each agency pursuant to general guidelines issued by
OMB. OMB's guidelines were published at 67 FR 8452 (Feb. 22, 2002), and
DOE's guidelines were published at 67 FR 62446 (Oct. 7, 2002). DOE has
reviewed this final rule under the OMB and DOE guidelines and has
concluded that it is
[[Page 36916]]
consistent with applicable policies in those guidelines.
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
Executive Order 13211, ``Actions Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use,'' 66 FR 28355
(May 22, 2001), requires Federal agencies to prepare and submit to OMB,
a Statement of Energy Effects for any significant energy action. A
``significant energy action'' is defined as any action by an agency
that promulgated or is expected to lead to promulgation of a final
rule, and that (1) is a significant regulatory action under Executive
Order 12866, or any successor order; and (2) is likely to have a
significant adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use of
energy; or (3) is designated by the Administrator of OIRA as a
significant energy action. For any significant energy action, the
agency must give a detailed statement of any adverse effects on energy
supply, distribution, or use if the regulation is implemented, and of
reasonable alternatives to the action and their expected benefits on
energy supply, distribution, and use.
This regulatory action is not a significant regulatory action under
Executive Order 12866. Moreover, it would not have a significant
adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use of energy, nor has
it been designated as a significant energy action by the Administrator
of OIRA. Therefore, it is not a significant energy action, and,
accordingly, DOE has not prepared a Statement of Energy Effects.
L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration Act of
1974
Under section 301 of the Department of Energy Organization Act
(Pub. L. 95-91; 42 U.S.C. 7101), DOE must comply with section 32 of the
Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974, as amended by the Federal
Energy Administration Authorization Act of 1977. (15 U.S.C. 788; FEAA)
Section 32 essentially provides in relevant part that, where a proposed
rule authorizes or requires use of commercial standards, the NOPR must
inform the public of the use and background of such standards. In
addition, section 32(c) requires DOE to consult with the Attorney
General and the Chairman of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
concerning the impact of the commercial or industry standards on
competition.
The modifications to the test procedure for dedicated-purpose pool
pumps adopted in this final rule incorporates testing methods contained
in certain sections of the following commercial standards:
(1) UL 1081, (``ANSI/UL 1081-2016''), ``Standard for Swimming Pool
Pumps, Filters, and Chlorinators,'' 7th Edition, ANSI approved October
21, 2016.
(2) Canadian Standards Association (CSA) C747-2009 (Reaffirmed
2014), ``Energy Efficiency Test Methods for Small Motors,'' CSA
reaffirmed 2014, section 1, ``Scope''; section 3, ``Definitions'';
section 5, ``General Test Requirements''; and section 6, ``Test
Method.''
(3) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Standard 114-2010, ``Test Procedure for Single-Phase Induction
Motors,'' Approved September 30, 2010, section 3.2, ``Tests with
load''; section 4 ``Testing facilities''; section 5.2 ``Mechanical
measurements''; section 5.3 ``Temperature measurements''; and section 6
``Tests.''
(4) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Standard 113-1985, ``IEEE Guide: Test Procedures for Direct-Current
Machines,'' 1985, section 3.1, ``Instrument Selection Factors'';
section 3.4 ``Power Measurement'': section 3.5 ``Power Sources'';
section 4.1.2 ``Ambient Air''; section 4.1.4 ``Direction of Rotation'';
section 5.4.1 ``Reference Conditions''; and section 5.4.3.2
``Dynomometer or Torquemeter Method.''
(5) NSF International Standard (NSF)/American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) 50-2015, (``NSF/ANSI 50-2015''), ``Equipment for
Swimming Pools, Spas, Hot Tubs and Other Recreational Water
Facilities,'' approved January 26, 2015, section C.3, ``self-priming
capability,'' of Annex C, ``Test methods for the evaluation of
centrifugal pumps.''
In addition, the rule expands the incorporation by reference of
Hydraulic Institute (HI) 40.6-2014, (``HI 40.6-2014'') ``Methods for
Rotodynamic Pump Efficiency Testing,'' (except for section 40.6.4.1,
``Vertically suspended pumps``; section 40.6.4.2, ``Submersible
pumps''; section 40.6.5.3, ``Test report''; section 40.6.5.5, ``Test
conditions''; section 40.6.5.5.2, ``Speed of rotation during testing'';
section 40.6.6.1, ``Translation of test results to rated speed of
rotation''; Appendix A, section A.7, ``Testing at temperatures
exceeding 30 [deg]C (86[emsp14][deg]F)''; and Appendix B, ``Reporting
of test results (normative)'';) copyright 2014. HI 40.6-2014 is already
IBR approved for Sec. 431.464, and appendix A to subpart Y of part
431. 10 CFR 431.463. As such, DOE is only modifying the existing
incorporation by reference to extend the applicability of certain
sections to the new appendices B and C to subpart Y that will contain
the DPPP test procedure.
Although the DPPP test procedure is not exclusively based on these
industry testing standards, some components of the test procedure will
adopt definitions, test parameters, measurement techniques, and
additional calculations from them without amendment. DOE has evaluated
these standards and is unable to conclude whether it fully complies
with the requirements of section 32(b) of the FEAA (i.e., whether it
was developed in a manner that fully provides for public participation,
comment, and review). DOE has consulted with both the Attorney General
and the Chairman of the FTC about the impact on competition of using
the methods contained in these standards and has received no comments
objecting to their use.
M. Congressional Notification
As required by 5 U.S.C. 801, DOE will report to Congress on the
promulgation of this rule before its effective date. The report will
state that it has been determined that the rule is not a ``major rule''
as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).
N. Description of Materials Incorporated by Reference
In this final rule, DOE incorporates by reference six industry
standards related to pump nomenclature, definitions, and test
specifications, which DOE has referenced in its proposed definitions
and test procedure.
Specifically, the definitions in this final rule, as well as
relevant testing procedures to determine self-priming capability,
incorporate by reference the following sections of the following
standards:
(1) UL 1081, (``ANSI/UL 1081-2016''), ``Standard for Swimming Pool
Pumps, Filters, and Chlorinators,'' 7th Edition, ANSI approved October
21, 2016.
(2) Canadian Standards Association (CSA) C747-2009 (Reaffirmed
2014), ``Energy Efficiency Test Methods for Small Motors,'' CSA
reaffirmed 2014, section 1, ``Scope''; section 3, ``Definitions'';
section 5, ``General Test Requirements''; and section 6, ``Test
Method.''
(3) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Standard 114-2010, ``Test Procedure for Single-Phase Induction
Motors,'' Approved September 30, 2010, section 3.2, ``Tests with
load''; section 4 ``Testing facilities''; section 5.2 ``Mechanical
measurements''; section 5.3 ``Temperature measurements''; and section 6
``Tests.''
[[Page 36917]]
(4) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Standard 113-1985, ``IEEE Guide: Test Procedures for Direct-Current
Machines,'' 1985, section 3.1, ``Instrument Selection Factors'';
section 3.4 ``Power Measurement'': section 3.5 ``Power Sources'';
section 4.1.2 ``Ambient Air''; section 4.1.4 ``Direction of Rotation'';
section 5.4.1 ``Reference Conditions''; and section 5.4.3.2
``Dynomometer or Torquemeter Method.''
(5) NSF International Standard (NSF)/American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) 50-2015, (``NSF/ANSI 50-2015''), ``Equipment for
Swimming Pools, Spas, Hot Tubs and Other Recreational Water
Facilities,'' approved January 26, 2015, section C.3, ``self-priming
capability,'' of Annex C, ``Test methods for the evaluation of
centrifugal pumps.''
(6) Hydraulic Institute (HI) 40.6-2014, (``HI 40.6-2014-B'')
``Methods for Rotodynamic Pump Efficiency Testing,'' (except for
section 40.6.4.1, ``Vertically suspended pumps''; section 40.6.4.2,
``Submersible pumps''; section 40.6.5.3, ``Test report''; section
40.6.5.5, ``Test conditions''; section 40.6.5.5.2, ``Speed of rotation
during testing''; section 40.6.6.1, ``Translation of test results to
rated speed of rotation''; Appendix A, section A.7, ``Testing at
temperatures exceeding 30 [deg]C (86[emsp14][deg]F)''; and Appendix B,
``Reporting of test results (normative)'';) to establish procedures for
measuring relevant pump performance parameters.
DOE incorporates by reference UL 1081-2016 into 10 CFR 431.462 and
NSF/ANSI 50-2015 into 10 CFR 429.59, 10 CFR 429.134, 10 CFR 431.462,
and appendices B and C of subpart Y. UL 1081-2016 describes, among
other things, the safety-related performance and construction
requirements for rating dedicated-purpose pool pumps under the UL 1081
standard. Section C.3 of annex C of the NSF/ANSI 50-2015 standard
describes the test methods and criteria for establishing the self-
priming capability of dedicated-purpose pool pumps.
DOE incorporates by reference CSA C747-2009 (RA 2014) into
appendices B and C of part 431 to describe the standardized methods for
determining certain DPPP motor horsepower characteristics. CSA C747-
2009 (RA 2014) contains standardized methods for evaluating and
categorizing AC and DC electric motors that are internationally
recognized and are harmonized with IEEE 114-2010 and IEEE 113-1985.
DOE also incorporates by reference IEEE 114-2010 into appendices B
and C of part 431 to describe the standardized methods for determining
certain DPPP motor horsepower characteristics for dedicated-purpose
pool pumps with single-phase AC motors. IEEE 114-2010 contains
standardized methods for evaluating and categorizing single-phase
induction motors. These methods are consistent with those in CSA C742-
2009 (RA 2014).
DOE also incorporates by reference IEEE 113-1985 into appendices B
and C of part 431 to describe the standardized methods for determining
certain DPPP motor horsepower characteristics for dedicated-purpose
pool pumps with DC motors. IEEE 113-1985 contains standardized methods
for evaluating and categorizing DC motors. These methods are consistent
with those in CSA C742-2009 (RA 2014).
In addition, the test procedure adopted in this final rule
incorporates by reference the Hydraulic Institute (HI) 40.6-2014, (``HI
40.6-2014-B'') ``Methods for Rotodynamic Pump Efficiency Testing,''
(except for section 40.6.4.1, ``Vertically suspended pumps''; section
40.6.4.2, ``Submersible pumps''; section 40.6.5.3, ``Test report'';
section 40.6.5.5, ``Test conditions''; section 40.6.5.5.2, ``Speed of
rotation during testing''; section 40.6.6.1, ``Translation of test
results to rated speed of rotation''; Appendix A, section A.7,
``Testing at temperatures exceeding 30 [deg]C (86[emsp14][deg]F)''; and
Appendix B, ``Reporting of test results (normative)'';) to establish
procedures for measuring relevant pump performance parameters. HI 40.6-
2014-B, with certain exceptions, is already IBR approved for appendix A
to subpart Y of part 431. 10 CFR 431.463. DOE proposes to incorporate
by reference HI 40.6-2014-B, with certain additional exceptions, into
the new appendices B and C to subpart Y that would contain the DPPP
test procedure, as well as 10 CFR 429.134 to support DOE's enforcement
testing. HI 40.6-2014-B is an industry-accepted standard used to
specify methods of testing for determining the head, flow rate, pump
power input, driver power input, pump power output, and other relevant
parameters necessary to determine the WEF of applicable pumps, as well
as other voluntary metrics, adopted in this final rule (see sections
III.C and III.H).
Additionally, these standards can be obtained from the
organizations directly at the following addresses:
(1) UL, 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062, (847) 272-8800,
or by visiting http://ul.com.
(2) CSA, 5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, L4W
5N6, Canada, (800) 463-6727, or by visiting www.csagroup.org.
(3) IEEE, 45 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331,
(732) 981-0060, or by visiting http://www.ieee.org.
(4) NSF International, 789 N. Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105,
(743) 769-8010, or by visiting www.nsf.org.
(5) Hydraulic Institute, located at 6 Campus Drive, First Floor
North, Parsippany, NJ, 07054, (973) 267-9700, or by visiting
www.pumps.org.
V. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
The Secretary of Energy has approved publication of this final
rule.
List of Subjects
10 CFR Part 429
Administrative practice and procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation, Imports, Incorporation by reference,
Intergovernmental relations, Small businesses.
10 CFR Part 431
Administrative practice and procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation, Imports, Incorporation by reference,
Intergovernmental relations, Small businesses.
Issued in Washington, DC, on December 22, 2016.
Kathleen B. Hogan,
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency, Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy.
For the reasons stated in the preamble, DOE amends parts 429 and
431 of chapter II, subchapter D of title 10, Code of Federal
Regulations as set forth below:
PART 429--CERTIFICATION, COMPLIANCE, AND ENFORCEMENT FOR CONSUMER
PRODUCTS AND COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT
0
1. The authority citation for part 429 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291-6317; 28 U.S.C. 2461 note.
0
2. Section 429.4 is amended by:
0
a. Redesignating paragraph (d) as (e); and
0
b. Adding new paragraphs (d) and (f).
The additions read as follows:
Sec. 429.4 Materials incorporated by reference.
* * * * *
(d) HI. Hydraulic Institute, 6 Campus Drive, First Floor North,
Parsippany, NJ 07054-4406, 973-267-9700. www.Pumps.org.
[[Page 36918]]
(1) HI 40.6-2014, (``HI 40.6-2014-B''), ``Methods for Rotodynamic
Pump Efficiency Testing,'', (except for sections 40.6.4.1 ``Vertically
suspended pumps'', 40.6.4.2 ``Submersible pumps'',40.6.5.3 ``Test
report'', 40.6.5.5 ``Test conditions'', 40.6.5.5.2 ``Speed of rotation
during testing'', and 40.6.6.1 ``Translation of test results to rated
speed of rotation'', and Appendix A ``Testing arrangements
(normative)'': A.7 ``Testing at temperatures exceeding 30 [deg]C
(86[emsp14][deg]F)'', and Appendix B ``Reporting of test results
(normative)''), copyright 2014, IBR approved for Sec. 429.134.
(2) [Reserved]
* * * * *
(f) NSF. NSF International. 789 N. Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI
48105, (743) 769-8010. www.nsf.org.
(1) NSF/ANSI 50-2015, ``Equipment for Swimming Pools, Spas, Hot
Tubs and Other Recreational Water Facilities,'' Annex C--``Test methods
for the evaluation of centrifugal pumps,'' Section C.3, ``self-priming
capability,'' ANSI approved January 26, 2015, IBR approved for
Sec. Sec. 429.59 and 429.134.
(2) [Reserved]
0
3. Section 429.59 is amended by:
0
a. Revising paragraph (a)(1)(ii);
0
b. Adding paragraphs (a)(2), (b)(2)(iv) and (v), and (b)(3)(iv); and
0
c. Revising paragraph (c).
The revisions and additions read as follows:
Sec. 429.59 Pumps.
(a) * * *
(1) * * *
(ii) Any representation of weighted energy factor of a basic model
must be less than or equal to the lower of:
(A) The mean of the sample, where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR07AU17.008
And x is the sample mean; n is the number of samples; and
xi is the maximum of the ith sample; or,
(B) The lower 95 percent confidence limit (LCL) of the true mean
divided by 0.95, where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR07AU17.009
And x is the sample mean; s is the sample standard deviation; n is
the number of samples; and t0.95 is the t statistic for a 95
percent one-tailed confidence interval with n-1 degrees of freedom
(from appendix A of this subpart).
(2) Other representations--(i) Rated hydraulic horsepower. The
representative value of rated hydraulic horsepower of a basic model of
dedicated-purpose pool pump must be the mean of the rated hydraulic
horsepower for each tested unit.
(ii) Dedicated-purpose pool pump motor total horsepower. The
representative value of dedicated-purpose pool pump motor total
horsepower of a basic model of dedicated-purpose pool pump must be the
mean of the dedicated-purpose pool pump motor total horsepower for each
tested unit.
(iii) True power factor (PFi). The representative value
of true power factor at each load point i of a basic model of
dedicated-purpose pool pump must be the mean of the true power factors
at that load point for each tested unit of dedicated-purpose pool pump.
(b) * * *
(2) * * *
(iv) For a dedicated-purpose pool pump subject to the test methods
prescribed in Sec. 431.464(b) of this chapter: weighted energy factor
(WEF) in kilogallons per kilowatt-hour (kgal/kWh); rated hydraulic
horsepower in horsepower (hp); the speed configuration for which the
pump is being rated (i.e., single-speed, two-speed, multi-speed, or
variable-speed); true power factor at all applicable test procedure
load points i (dimensionless), as specified in Table 1 of appendix B or
C to subpart Y of part 431 of this chapter, as applicable; dedicated-
purpose pool pump nominal motor horsepower in horsepower (hp);
dedicated-purpose pool pump motor total horsepower in horsepower (hp);
dedicated-purpose pool pump service factor (dimensionless); for self-
priming pool filter pumps, non-self-priming pool filter pumps, and
waterfall pumps: The maximum head (in feet) which is based on the mean
of the units in the tested sample; a statement regarding whether freeze
protection is shipped enabled or disabled; for dedicated-purpose pool
pumps distributed in commerce with freeze protection controls enabled:
The default dry-bulb air temperature setting (in [deg]F), default run
time setting (in minutes), and default motor speed (in rpm); for self-
priming pool filter pumps a statement regarding whether the pump is
certified with NSF/ANSI 50-2015 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.
429.4) as self-priming; and, for self-priming pool filter pumps that
are not certified with NSF/ANSI 50-2015 as self-priming: The vertical
lift (in feet) and true priming time (in minutes) for the DPPP model.
(v) For integral cartridge-filter and sand-filter pool pumps, the
maximum run-time (in hours) of the pool pump control with which the
integral cartridge-filter or sand-filter pump is distributed in
commerce.
(3) * * *
(iv) For a dedicated-purpose pool pump subject to the test methods
prescribed in Sec. 431.464(b) of this chapter: Calculated driver power
input and flow rate at each load point i (Pi and
Qi), in horsepower (hp) and gallons per minute (gpm),
respectively.
* * * * *
(c) Individual model numbers. (1) For a pump subject to the test
methods prescribed in appendix A to subpart Y of part 431 of this
chapter, each individual model number required to be reported pursuant
to Sec. 429.12(b)(6) must consist of the following:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Individual model number(s)
Equipment configuration (as Basic model -----------------------------------------------------------------
distributed in commerce) number 1 2 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bare pump.................... Number unique Bare pump........... N/A................. N/A.
to the basic
model.
Bare pump with driver........ Number unique Bare pump........... Driver.............. N/A.
to the basic
model.
Bare pump with driver and Number unique Bare pump........... Driver.............. Controls.
controls. to the basic
model.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) Or must otherwise provide sufficient information to identify
the specific driver model and/or controls model(s) with which a bare
pump is distributed.
0
4. Section 429.110 is amended by revising paragraphs (e)(1) and (5) to
read as follows:
[[Page 36919]]
Sec. 429.110 Enforcement testing.
* * * * *
(e) * * *
(1) For products with applicable energy conservation standard(s) in
Sec. 430.32 of this chapter, and commercial prerinse spray valves,
illuminated exit signs, traffic signal modules and pedestrian modules,
commercial clothes washers, dedicated-purpose pool pumps, and metal
halide lamp ballasts, DOE will use a sample size of not more than 21
units and follow the sampling plans in appendix A of this subpart
(Sampling for Enforcement Testing of Covered Consumer Products and
Certain High-Volume Commercial Equipment).
* * * * *
(5) For pumps subject to the standards specified in Sec.
431.465(a) of this chapter, DOE will use an initial sample size of not
more than four units and will determine compliance based on the
arithmetic mean of the sample.
* * * * *
0
5. Section 429.134 is amended by revising paragraph (i) to read as
follows:
Sec. 429.134 Product-specific enforcement provisions.
* * * * *
(i) Pumps--(1) General purpose pumps. (i) The volume rate of flow
(flow rate) at BEP and nominal speed of rotation of each tested unit of
the basic model will be measured pursuant to the test requirements of
Sec. 431.464 of this chapter, where the value of volume rate of flow
(flow rate) at BEP and nominal speed of rotation certified by the
manufacturer will be treated as the expected BEP flow rate. The results
of the measurement(s) will be compared to the value of volume rate of
flow (flow rate) at BEP and nominal speed of rotation certified by the
manufacturer. The certified volume rate of flow (flow rate) at BEP and
nominal speed of rotation will be considered valid only if the
measurement(s) (either the measured volume rate of flow (flow rate) at
BEP and nominal speed of rotation for a single unit sample or the
average of the measured flow rates for a multiple unit sample) is
within five percent of the certified volume rate of flow (flow rate) at
BEP and nominal speed of rotation.
(A) If the representative value of volume rate of flow (flow rate)
at BEP and nominal speed of rotation is found to be valid, the measured
volume rate of flow (flow rate) at BEP and nominal speed of rotation
will be used in subsequent calculations of constant load pump energy
rating (PERCL) and constant load pump energy index
(PEICL) or variable load pump energy rating
(PERVL) and variable load pump energy index
(PEIVL) for that basic model.
(B) If the representative value of volume rate of flow (flow rate)
at BEP and nominal speed of rotation is found to be invalid, the mean
of all the measured volume rate of flow (flow rate) at BEP and nominal
speed of rotation values determined from the tested unit(s) will serve
as the new expected BEP flow rate and the unit(s) will be retested
until such time as the measured rate of flow (flow rate) at BEP and
nominal speed of rotation is within 5 percent of the expected BEP flow
rate.
(ii) DOE will test each pump unit according to the test method
specified by the manufacturer in the certification report submitted
pursuant to Sec. 429.59(b).
(2) Dedicated-purpose pool pumps. (i) The rated hydraulic
horsepower of each tested unit of the basic model of dedicated-purpose
pool pump will be measured pursuant to the test requirements of Sec.
431.464(b) of this chapter and the result of the measurement(s) will be
compared to the value of rated hydraulic horsepower certified by the
manufacturer. The certified rated hydraulic horsepower will be
considered valid only if the measurement(s) (either the measured rated
hydraulic horsepower for a single unit sample or the average of the
measured rated hydraulic horsepower values for a multiple unit sample)
is within 5 percent of the certified rated hydraulic horsepower.
(A) If the representative value of rated hydraulic horsepower is
found to be valid, the value of rated hydraulic horsepower certified by
the manufacturer will be used to determine the standard level for that
basic model.
(B) If the representative value of rated hydraulic horsepower is
found to be invalid, the mean of all the measured rated hydraulic
horsepower values determined from the tested unit(s) will be used to
determine the standard level for that basic model.
(ii) To verify the self-priming capability of non-self-priming pool
filter pumps and of self-priming pool filter pumps that are not
certified with NSF/ANSI 50-2015 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.
429.4) as self-priming, the vertical lift and true priming time of each
tested unit of the basic model of self-priming or non-self-priming pool
filter pump will be measured pursuant to the test requirements of Sec.
431.464(b) of this chapter.
(A) For self-priming pool filter pumps that are not certified with
NSF/ANSI 50-2015 as self-priming, at a vertical lift of 5.0 feet, the
result of the true priming time measurement(s) will be compared to the
value of true priming time certified by the manufacturer. The certified
value of true priming time will be considered valid only if the
measurement(s) (either the measured true priming time for a single unit
sample or the average of true priming time values for a multiple unit
sample) is within 5 percent of the certified value of true priming
time.
(1) If the representative value of true priming time is found to be
valid, the value of true priming time certified by the manufacturer
will be used to determine the appropriate equipment class and standard
level for that basic model.
(2) If the representative value of true priming time is found to be
invalid, the mean of the values of true priming time determined from
the tested unit(s) will be used to determine the appropriate equipment
class and standard level for that basic model.
(B) For non-self-priming pool filter pumps, at a vertical lift of
5.0 feet, the result of the true priming time measurement(s) (either
the measured true priming time for a single unit sample or the average
of true priming time values, for a multiple unit sample) will be
compared to the value of true priming time referenced in the definition
of non-self-priming pool filter pump at Sec. 431.462 (10.0 minutes).
(1) If the measurement(s) of true priming time are greater than 95
percent of the value of true priming time referenced in the definition
of non-self-priming pool filter pump at Sec. 431.462 with a vertical
lift of 5.0 feet, the DPPP model will be considered a non-self-priming
pool filter pump for the purposes of determining the appropriate
equipment class and standard level for that basic model.
(2) If the conditions specified in paragraph (i)(2)(ii)(B)(1) of
this section are not satisfied, then the DPPP model will be considered
a self-priming pool filter pump for the purposes of determining the
appropriate equipment class and standard level for that basic model.
(iii) To verify the maximum head of self-priming pool filter pump,
non-self-priming pool filter pumps, and waterfall pumps, the maximum
head of each tested unit of the basic model of self-priming pool filter
pump, non-self-priming pool filter pump, or waterfall pump will be
measured pursuant to the test requirements of Sec. 431.464(b) of this
chapter and the result of the measurement(s) will be compared to the
value of maximum head certified by the manufacturer. The certified
value of maximum head will be considered valid
[[Page 36920]]
only if the measurement(s) (either the measured maximum head for a
single unit sample or the average of the maximum head values for a
multiple unit sample) is within 5 percent of the certified values of
maximum head.
(A) If the representative value of maximum head is found to be
valid, the value of maximum head certified by the manufacturer will be
used to determine the appropriate equipment class and standard level
for that basic model.
(B) If the representative value of maximum head is found to be
invalid, the measured value(s) of maximum head determined from the
tested unit(s) will be used to determine the appropriate equipment
class and standard level for that basic model.
(iv) To verify that a DPPP model complies with the applicable
freeze protection control design requirements, the initiation
temperature, run-time, and speed of rotation of the default control
configuration of each tested unit of the basic model of dedicated-
purpose pool pump will be evaluated according to the procedure
specified in paragraph (i)(2)(iv)(A) of this section:
(A)(1) Set up and configure the dedicated-purpose pool pump under
test according to the manufacturer instructions, including any
necessary initial priming, in a test apparatus as described in appendix
A of HI 40.6-2014-B (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 429.4),
except that the ambient temperature registered by the freeze protection
ambient temperature sensor will be able to be measured and controlled
by, for example, exposing the freeze protection temperature sensor to a
specific temperature by submerging the sensor in a water bath of known
temperature, by adjusting the actual ambient air temperature of the
test chamber and measuring the temperature at the freeze protection
ambient temperature sensor location, or by other means that allows the
ambient temperature registered by the freeze protection temperature
sensor to be reliably simulated, varied, and measured. Do not adjust
the default freeze protection control settings or enable the freeze
protection control if it is shipped disabled.
(2) Activate power to the pump with the flow rate set to zero
(i.e., the pump is energized but not circulating water). Set the
ambient temperature to 42.0 0.5[emsp14][deg]F and allow
the temperature to stabilize, where stability is determined in
accordance with section 40.6.3.2.2 of HI 40.6-2014-B. After 5 minutes,
decrease the temperature measured by the freeze protection temperature
sensor by 1.0 0.5[emsp14][deg]F and allow the temperature
to stabilize. After each reduction in ambient temperature and
subsequent stabilization, record the DPPP rotating speed, if any, and
freeze protection ambient temperature reading, where the ``freeze
protection ambient temperature reading'' is representative of the
temperature measured by the freeze protection ambient temperature
sensor, which may be recorded by a variety of means depending on how
the temperature is being simulated and controlled. If no flow is
initiated, record zero rpm or no flow. Continue decreasing the
temperature measured by the freeze protection temperature sensor by 1.0
0.5[emsp14][deg]F after 5.0 minutes of stable operation at
the previous temperature reading until the pump freeze protection
initiates water circulation or until the ambient temperature of 38.0
0.5[emsp14][deg]F has been evaluated (i.e., the end of the
5.0 minute interval of 38.0[emsp14][deg]F), whichever occurs first.
(3) If and when the DPPP freeze protection controls initiate water
circulation, increase the ambient temperature reading registered by the
freeze protection temperature sensor to a temperature of 42.0 0.5[emsp14][deg]F and maintain that temperature for 60.0
minutes. Do not modify or interfere with the operation of the DPPP
freeze protection operating cycle. After 60.0 minutes, record the
freeze protection ambient temperature and rotating speed, if any, of
the dedicated-purpose pool pump under test.
(B) If the dedicated-purpose pool pump initiates water circulation
at a temperature greater than 40.0[emsp14][deg]F; if the dedicated-
purpose pool pump was still circulating water after 60.0 minutes of
operation at 42.0 0.5[emsp14][deg]F; or if rotating speed
measured at any point during the DPPP freeze protection control test in
paragraph (i)(2)(iii)(A) of this section was greater than one-half of
the maximum rotating speed of the DPPP model certified by the
manufacturer, that DPPP model is deemed to not comply with the design
requirement for freeze protection controls.
(C) If none of the conditions specified in paragraph (i)(2)(iv)(B)
of this section are met, including if the DPPP freeze protection
control does not initiate water circulation at all during the test, the
dedicated-purpose pool pump under test is deemed compliant with the
design requirement for freeze protection controls.
* * * * *
PART 431--ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROGRAM FOR CERTAIN COMMERCIAL AND
INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT
0
6. The authority citation for part 431 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291-6317; 28 U.S.C. 2461 note.
0
7. Section 431.462 is amended by:
0
a. Revising the introductory text; and
0
b. Revising the definition of ``Basic model;''
0
c. Adding, in alphabetical order, definitions for ``Basket strainer,''
``Dedicated-purpose pool pump,'' ``Dedicated-purpose pool pump motor
total horsepower,'' ``Dedicated-purpose pool pump service factor,''
``Designed and marketed,'' ``Freeze protection control,'' ``Integral,''
``Integral cartridge-filter pool pump,'' ``Integral sand-filter pool
pump,'' ``Multi-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump,'' ``Non-self-priming
pool filter pump,'' ``Pool filter pump,'' ``Pressure cleaner booster
pump,'' ``Removable cartridge filter,'' ``Rigid electric spa pump,''
``Sand filter,'' and ``Self-priming pool filter pump;''
0
d. Revising the definition of ``Self-priming pump;'' and
0
e. Adding, in alphabetical order, definitions for ``Single-speed
dedicated-purpose pool pump,'' ``Storable electric spa pump,''
``Submersible pump,'' ``Two-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump,''
``Variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump,'' ``Variable speed
drive,'' and ``Waterfall pump.''
The additions and revisions read as follows:
Sec. 431.462 Definitions.
The following definitions are applicable to this subpart, including
appendices A and B. In cases where there is a conflict, the language of
the definitions adopted in this section takes precedence over any
descriptions or definitions found in the 2014 version of ANSI/HI
Standard 1.1-1.2, ``Rotodynamic (Centrifugal) Pumps For Nomenclature
And Definitions'' (ANSI/HI 1.1-1.2-2014; incorporated by reference, see
Sec. 431.463), or the 2014 version of ANSI/HI Standard 2.1-2.2,
``Rotodynamic (Vertical) Pumps For Nomenclature And Definitions''
(ANSI/HI 2.1-2.2-2014; incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.463).
In cases where definitions reference design intent, DOE will consider
marketing materials, labels and certifications, and equipment design to
determine design intent.
* * * * *
Basic model means all units of a given class of pump manufactured
by one manufacturer, having the same primary
[[Page 36921]]
energy source, and having essentially identical electrical, physical,
and functional (or hydraulic) characteristics that affect energy
consumption, energy efficiency, water consumption, or water efficiency;
and, in addition, for pumps that are subject to the standards specified
in Sec. 431.465(b), the following provisions also apply:
(1) All variations in numbers of stages of bare RSV and ST pumps
must be considered a single basic model;
(2) Pump models for which the bare pump differs in impeller
diameter, or impeller trim, may be considered a single basic model; and
(3) Pump models for which the bare pump differs in number of stages
or impeller diameter and which are sold with motors (or motors and
controls) of varying horsepower may only be considered a single basic
model if:
(i) For ESCC, ESFM, IL, and RSV pumps, each motor offered in the
basic model has a nominal full load motor efficiency rated at the
Federal minimum (see the current table for NEMA Design B motors at
Sec. 431.25) or the same number of bands above the Federal minimum for
each respective motor horsepower (see Table 3 of appendix A to subpart
Y of this part); or
(ii) For ST pumps, each motor offered in the basic model has a full
load motor efficiency at the default nominal full load submersible
motor efficiency shown in Table 2 of appendix A to subpart Y of this
part or the same number of bands above the default nominal full load
submersible motor efficiency for each respective motor horsepower (see
Table 3 of appendix A to subpart Y of this part).
Basket strainer means a perforated or otherwise porous receptacle,
mounted within a housing on the suction side of a pump, that prevents
solid debris from entering a pump. The basket strainer receptacle is
capable of passing spherical solids of 1 mm in diameter, and can be
removed by hand or using only simple tools (e.g., screwdriver, pliers,
open-ended wrench).
* * * * *
Dedicated-purpose pool pump comprises self-priming pool filter
pumps, non-self-priming pool filter pumps, waterfall pumps, pressure
cleaner booster pumps, integral sand-filter pool pumps, integral-
cartridge filter pool pumps, storable electric spa pumps, and rigid
electric spa pumps.
Dedicated-purpose pool pump motor total horsepower means the
product of the dedicated-purpose pool pump nominal motor horsepower and
the dedicated-purpose pool pump service factor of a motor used on a
dedicated-purpose pool pump based on the maximum continuous duty motor
power output rating allowable for the motor's nameplate ambient rating
and insulation class. (Dedicated-purpose pool pump motor total
horsepower is also referred to in the industry as service factor
horsepower or motor capacity.)
Dedicated-purpose pool pump service factor means a multiplier
applied to the rated horsepower of a pump motor to indicate the percent
above nameplate horsepower at which the motor can operate continuously
without exceeding its allowable insulation class temperature limit.
Designed and marketed means that the equipment is designed to
fulfill the indicated application and, when distributed in commerce, is
designated and marketed for that application, with the designation on
the packaging and any publicly available documents (e.g., product
literature, catalogs, and packaging labels).
* * * * *
Freeze protection control means a pool pump control that, at a
certain ambient temperature, turns on the dedicated-purpose pool pump
to circulate water for a period of time to prevent the pool and water
in plumbing from freezing.
* * * * *
Integral means a part of the device that cannot be removed without
compromising the device's function or destroying the physical integrity
of the unit.
Integral cartridge-filter pool pump means a pump that requires a
removable cartridge filter, installed on the suction side of the pump,
for operation; and the cartridge filter cannot be bypassed.
Integral sand-filter pool pump means a pump distributed in commerce
with a sand filter that cannot be bypassed.
* * * * *
Multi-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump means a dedicated-purpose
pool pump that is capable of operating at more than two discrete, pre-
determined operating speeds separated by speed increments greater than
100 rpm, where the lowest speed is less than or equal to half of the
maximum operating speed and greater than zero, and must be distributed
in commerce with an on-board pool pump control (i.e., variable speed
drive and user interface or programmable switch) that changes the speed
in response to pre-programmed user preferences and allows the user to
select the duration of each speed and/or the on/off times.
* * * * *
Non-self-priming pool filter pump means a pool filter pump that is
not certified under NSF/ANSI 50-2015 (incorporated by reference, see
Sec. 431.463) to be self-priming and is not capable of re-priming to a
vertical lift of at least 5.0 feet with a true priming time less than
or equal to 10.0 minutes, when tested in accordance with section F of
appendix B or C of this subpart, and is not a waterfall pump.
Pool filter pump means an end suction pump that:
(1) Either:
(i) Includes an integrated basket strainer; or
(ii) Does not include an integrated basket strainer, but requires a
basket strainer for operation, as stated in manufacturer literature
provided with the pump; and
(2) May be distributed in commerce connected to, or packaged with,
a sand filter, removable cartridge filter, or other filtration
accessory, so long as the filtration accessory are connected with
consumer-removable connections that allow the filtration accessory to
be bypassed.
* * * * *
Pressure cleaner booster pump means an end suction, dry rotor pump
designed and marketed for pressure-side pool cleaner applications, and
which may be UL listed under ANSI/UL 1081-2016 (incorporated by
reference, see Sec. 431.463).
* * * * *
Removable cartridge filter means a filter component with fixed
dimensions that captures and removes suspended particles from water
flowing through the unit. The removable cartridge filter is not capable
of passing spherical solids of 1 mm in diameter or greater, and can be
removed from the filter housing by hand or using only simple tools
(e.g., screwdrivers, pliers, open-ended wrench).
Rigid electric spa pump means an end suction pump that does not
contain an integrated basket strainer or require a basket strainer for
operation as stated in manufacturer literature provided with the pump
and that meets the following three criteria:
(1) Is assembled with four through bolts that hold the motor rear
endplate, rear bearing, rotor, front bearing, front endplate, and the
bare pump together as an integral unit;
(2) Is constructed with buttress threads at the inlet and discharge
of the bare pump; and
(3) Uses a casing or volute and connections constructed of a non-
metallic material.
* * * * *
Sand filter means a device designed to filter water through sand or
an alternate sand-type media.
[[Page 36922]]
Self-priming pool filter pump means a pool filter pump that is
certified under NSF/ANSI 50-2015 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.
431.463) to be self-priming or is capable of re-priming to a vertical
lift of at least 5.0 feet with a true priming time less than or equal
to 10.0 minutes, when tested in accordance with section F of appendix B
or C of this subpart, and is not a waterfall pump.
Self-priming pump means a pump that either is a self-priming pool
filter pump or a pump that:
(1) Is designed to lift liquid that originates below the centerline
of the pump inlet;
(2) Contains at least one internal recirculation passage; and
(3) Requires a manual filling of the pump casing prior to initial
start-up, but is able to re-prime after the initial start-up without
the use of external vacuum sources, manual filling, or a foot valve.
* * * * *
Single-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump means a dedicated-purpose
pool pump that is capable of operating at only one speed.
Storable electric spa pump means a pump that is distributed in
commerce with one or more of the following:
(1) An integral heater; and
(2) An integral air pump.
Submersible pump means a pump that is designed to be operated with
the motor and bare pump fully submerged in the pumped liquid.
* * * * *
Two-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump means a dedicated-purpose
pool pump that is capable of operating at only two different pre-
determined operating speeds, where the low operating speed is less than
or equal to half of the maximum operating speed and greater than zero,
and must be distributed in commerce either:
(1) With a pool pump control (e.g., variable speed drive and user
interface or switch) that is capable of changing the speed in response
to user preferences; or
(2) Without a pool pump control that has the capability to change
speed in response to user preferences, but is unable to operate without
the presence of such a pool pump control.
Variable-speed dedicated-purpose pool pump means a dedicated-
purpose pool pump that is capable of operating at a variety of user-
determined speeds, where all the speeds are separated by at most 100
rpm increments over the operating range and the lowest operating speed
is less than or equal to one-third of the maximum operating speed and
greater than zero. Such a pump must include a variable speed drive and
be distributed in commerce either:
(1) With a user interface that changes the speed in response to
pre-programmed user preferences and allows the user to select the
duration of each speed and/or the on/off times; or
(2) Without a user interface that changes the speed in response to
pre-programmed user preferences and allows the user to select the
duration of each speed and/or the on/off times, but is unable to
operate without the presence of a user interface.
Variable speed drive means equipment capable of varying the speed
of the motor.
Waterfall pump means a pool filter pump with a certified maximum
head less than or equal to 30.0 feet, and a maximum speed less than or
equal to 1,800 rpm.
0
8. Section 431.463 is amended by:
0
a. Revising paragraph (a);
0
b. Redesignating paragraphs (b) through (d) and (e) as paragraphs (c)
through (f) and (h), respectively;
0
c. Adding new paragraph (b);
0
d. In newly redesignated paragraph (d), adding paragraph (d)(4);
0
e. Adding new paragraphs (e) and (g); and
0
f. In newly redesignated paragraph (h), adding paragraph (h)(2).
The revisions and additions read as follows:
Sec. 431.463 Materials incorporated by reference.
(a) General. DOE incorporates by reference the following standards
into subpart Y of this part. The material listed has been approved for
incorporation by reference by the Director of the Federal Register in
accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Any subsequent
amendment to a standard by the standard-setting organization will not
affect the DOE test procedures unless and until amended by DOE.
Material is incorporated as it exists on the date of the approval, and
notification of any change in the material will be published in the
Federal Register. All approved material can be obtained from the
sources listed in this section and is available for inspection at the
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Energy, Building Technologies Program, Sixth Floor, 950 L'Enfant Plaza
SW., Washington, DC 20024, (202) 586-2945, or go to: http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards. It is also
available for inspection at the National Archives and Records
Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this
material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.
(b) CSA. Canadian Standards Association, 5060 Spectrum Way, Suite
100, Mississauga, Ontario, L4W 5N6, Canada, (800) 463-6727.
www.csagroup.org.
(1) CSA C747-2009 (Reaffirmed 2014), (``CSA C747-2009 (RA 2014)''),
``Energy efficiency test methods for small motors,'' CSA reaffirmed
2014, IBR approved for appendices B and C to this subpart, as follows:
(i) Section 1, ``Scope'';
(ii) Section 3, ``Definitions'';
(iii) Section 5, ``General Test Requirements''; and
(iv) Section 6, ``Test Method.''
(2) [Reserved]
* * * * *
(d) * * *
(4) HI 40.6-2014, (``HI 40.6-2014-B''), ``Methods for Rotodynamic
Pump Efficiency Testing'' (except sections 40.6.4.1 ``Vertically
suspended pumps'', 40.6.4.2 ``Submersible pumps'', 40.6.5.3 ``Test
report'', 40.6.5.5 ``Test conditions'', 40.6.5.5.2 ``Speed of rotation
during test'', and 40.6.6.1 ``Translation of test results to rated
speed of rotation'', Appendix A ``Test arrangements (normative)'': A.7
``Testing at temperatures exceeding 30 [deg]C (86[emsp14][deg]F)'', and
Appendix B, ``Reporting of test results (normative)''), copyright 2014,
IBR approved for appendices B and C to this subpart.
(e) IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.,
45 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, (732) 981-0060.
http://www.ieee.org.
(1) IEEE Std 113-1985, (``IEEE 113-1985''), ``IEEE Guide: Test
Procedures for Direct-Current Machines,'' copyright 1985, IBR approved
for appendices B and C to this subpart, as follows:
(i) Section 3, Electrical Measurements and Power Sources for all
Test Procedures:
(A) Section 3.1, ``Instrument Selection Factors'';
(B) Section 3.4 ``Power Measurement''; and
(C) Section 3.5 ``Power Sources'';
(ii) Section 4, Preliminary Tests:
(A) Section 4.1, Reference Conditions, Section 4.1.2, ``Ambient
Air''; and
(B) Section 4.1, Reference Conditions, Section 4.1.4 ``Direction of
Rotation''; and
(iii) Section 5, Performance Determination:
(A) Section 5.4, Efficiency, Section 5.4.1, ``Reference
Conditions''; and
(B) Section 5.4.3, Direct Measurements of Input and Output,
[[Page 36923]]
Section 5.4.3.2 ``Dynomometer or Torquemeter Method.''
(2) IEEE Std 114-2010, (``IEEE 114-2010''), ``IEEE Standard Test
Procedure for Single-Phase Induction Motors,'' approved September 30,
2010, IBR approved for appendices B and C to this subpart, as follows:
(i) Section 3, ``General tests'', Section 3.2, ``Tests with load'';
(ii) Section 4 ``Testing facilities''; and
(iii) Section 5, ``Measurements'':
(A) Section 5.2 ``Mechanical measurements'';
(B) Section 5.3 ``Temperature measurements''; and
(iv) Section 6 ``Tests.''
* * * * *
(g) NSF. NSF International. 789 N. Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI
48105, (743) 769-8010. www.nsf.org.
(1) NSF/ANSI 50-2015, ``Equipment for Swimming Pools, Spas, Hot
Tubs and Other Recreational Water Facilities,'' Annex C, ``(normative
Test methods for the evaluation of centrifugal pumps,'' Section C.3,
``Self-priming capability,'' ANSI approved January 26, 2015, IBR
approved for Sec. 431.462 and appendices B and C to this subpart.
(2) [Reserved]
(h) * * *
(2) UL 1081, (``ANSI/UL 1081-2016''), ``Standard for Swimming Pool
Pumps, Filters, and Chlorinators,'' 7th Edition, ANSI approved October
21, 2016, IBR approved for Sec. 431.462.
0
9. Section 431.464 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 431.464 Test procedure for the measurement of energy efficiency,
energy consumption, and other performance factors of pumps.
(a) General pumps--(1) Scope. This paragraph (a) provides the test
procedures for determining the constant and variable load pump energy
index for:
(i) The following categories of clean water pumps:
(A) End suction close-coupled (ESCC);
(B) End suction frame mounted/own bearings (ESFM);
(C) In-line (IL);
(D) Radially split, multi-stage, vertical, in-line casing diffuser
(RSV); and
(E) Submersible turbine (ST) pumps.
(ii) With the following characteristics:
(A) Flow rate of 25 gpm or greater at BEP and full impeller
diameter;
(B) Maximum head of 459 feet at BEP and full impeller diameter and
the number of stages required for testing (see section 1.2.2 of
appendix A of this subpart);
(C) Design temperature range from 14 to 248 [deg]F;
(D) Designed to operate with either:
(1) A 2- or 4-pole induction motor; or
(2) A non-induction motor with a speed of rotation operating range
that includes speeds of rotation between 2,880 and 4,320 revolutions
per minute (rpm) and/or 1,440 and 2,160 rpm, and in either case, the
driver and impeller must rotate at the same speed;
(E) For ST pumps, a 6-inch or smaller bowl diameter; and
(F) For ESCC and ESFM pumps, a specific speed less than or equal to
5,000 when calculated using U.S. customary units.
(iii) Except for the following pumps:
(A) Fire pumps;
(B) Self-priming pumps;
(C) Prime-assist pumps;
(D) Magnet driven pumps;
(E) Pumps designed to be used in a nuclear facility subject to 10
CFR part 50, ``Domestic Licensing of Production and Utilization
Facilities''; and
(F) Pumps meeting the design and construction requirements set
forth in Military Specifications: MIL-P-17639F, ``Pumps, Centrifugal,
Miscellaneous Service, Naval Shipboard Use'' (as amended); MIL-P-
17881D, ``Pumps, Centrifugal, Boiler Feed, (Multi-Stage)'' (as
amended); MIL-P-17840C, ``Pumps, Centrifugal, Close-Coupled, Navy
Standard (For Surface Ship Application)'' (as amended); MIL-P-18682D,
``Pump, Centrifugal, Main Condenser Circulating, Naval Shipboard'' (as
amended); and MIL-P-18472G, ``Pumps, Centrifugal, Condensate, Feed
Booster, Waste Heat Boiler, And Distilling Plant'' (as amended).
Military specifications and standards are available for review at
http://everyspec.com/MIL-SPECS.
(2) Testing and calculations. Determine the applicable constant
load pump energy index (PEICL) or variable load pump energy
index (PEIVL) using the test procedure set forth in appendix
A of this subpart.
(b) Dedicated-purpose pool pumps--(1) Scope. This paragraph (b)
provides the test procedures for determining the weighted energy factor
(WEF), rated hydraulic horsepower, dedicated-purpose pool pump nominal
motor horsepower, dedicated-purpose pool pump motor total horsepower,
dedicated-purpose pool pump service factor, and other pump performance
parameters for:
(i) The following varieties of dedicated-purpose pool pumps:
(A) Self-priming pool filter pumps;
(B) Non-self-priming pool filter pumps;
(C) Waterfall pumps; and
(D) Pressure cleaner booster pumps;
(ii) Served by single-phase or polyphase input power;
(iii) Except for:
(A) Submersible pumps; and
(B) Self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps with
hydraulic output power greater than or equal to 2.5 horsepower.
(2) Testing and calculations. Determine the weighted energy factor
(WEF) using the test procedure set forth in appendix B or appendix C of
this subpart, as applicable.
0
10. Section 431.466 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 431.466 Pumps labeling requirements.
(a) General pumps. For the pumps described in Sec. 431.464(a), the
following requirements apply to units manufactured on the same date
that compliance is required with any applicable standards prescribed in
Sec. 431.465.
(1) Pump nameplate--(i) Required information. The permanent
nameplate must be marked clearly with the following information:
(A) For bare pumps and pumps sold with electric motors but not
continuous or non-continuous controls, the rated pump energy index--
constant load (PEICL), and for pumps sold with motors and
continuous or non-continuous controls, the rated pump energy index--
variable load (PEIVL);
(B) The bare pump model number; and
(C) If transferred directly to an end-user, the unit's impeller
diameter, as distributed in commerce. Otherwise, a space must be
provided for the impeller diameter to be filled in.
(ii) Display of required information. All orientation, spacing,
type sizes, typefaces, and line widths to display this required
information must be the same as or similar to the display of the other
performance data on the pump's permanent nameplate. The
PEICL or PEIVL, as appropriate to a given pump
model, must be identified in the form ``PEICL ____'' or
``PEIVL ____.'' The model number must be in one of the
following forms: ``Model ____'' or ``Model number ____'' or ``Model No.
____.'' The unit's impeller diameter must be in the form ``Imp. Dia.
____(in.).''
(2) Disclosure of efficiency information in marketing materials.
(i) The same information that must appear on a pump's permanent
nameplate pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section, must also be
prominently displayed:
(A) On each page of a catalog that lists the pump; and
(B) In other materials used to market the pump.
(ii) [Reserved]
[[Page 36924]]
(b) Dedicated-purpose pool pumps. For the pumps described in Sec.
431.464(b), the following requirements apply on the same date that
compliance is required with any applicable standards prescribed in
Sec. 431.465.
(1) Pump nameplate--(i) Required information. The permanent
nameplate must be marked clearly with the following information:
(A) The weighted energy factor (WEF); and
(B) The dedicated-purpose pool pump motor total horsepower.
(ii) Display of required information. All orientation, spacing,
type sizes, typefaces, and line widths to display this required
information must be the same as or similar to the display of the other
performance data on the pump's permanent nameplate.
(A) The WEF must be identified in the form ``WEF ____.''
(B) The dedicated-purpose pool pump motor total horsepower must be
identified in one of the following forms: ``Dedicated-purpose pool pump
motor total horsepower _____,'' ``DPPP motor total horsepower _____,''
``motor total horsepower _____,'' ``motor THP _____,'' or ``THP
_____.''
(2) [Reserved]
Appendix A to Subpart Y of Part 431 [Amended]
0
11. In the introductory note to appendix A of subpart Y of part 431,
remove the reference ``10 CFR 431.464'' and add in its place ``10 CFR
431.464(a)''.
0
12. Add appendices B and C to subpart Y of part 431 to read as follows:
Appendix B to Subpart Y of Part 431--Uniform Test Method for the
Measurement of Energy Efficiency of Dedicated-Purpose Pool Pumps
Note: On February 5, 2018 but before July 19, 2021, any
representations made with respect to the energy use or efficiency of
dedicated-purpose pool pumps subject to testing pursuant to 10 CFR
431.464(b) must be made in accordance with the results of testing
pursuant to this appendix. Any optional representations of energy
factor (EF) must be accompanied by a representation of weighted
energy factor (WEF).
I. Test Procedure for Dedicated-Purpose Pool Pumps
A. General
A.1 Test Method. To determine the weighted energy factor (WEF)
for dedicated-purpose pool pumps, perform ``wire-to-water'' testing
in accordance with HI 40.6-2014-B, except section 40.6.4.1,
``Vertically suspended pumps''; section 40.6.4.2, ``Submersible
pumps''; section 40.6.5.3, ``Test report''; section 40.6.5.5, ``Test
conditions''; section 40.6.5.5.2, ``Speed of rotation during
testing''; section 40.6.6.1, ``Translation of test results to rated
speed of rotation''; section 40.6.6.2, ``Pump efficiency''; section
40.6.6.3, ``Performance curve''; section A.7, ``Testing at
temperatures exceeding 30 [deg]C (86[emsp14][deg]F)''; and appendix
B, ``Reporting of test results''; (incorporated by reference, see
Sec. 431.463) with the modifications and additions as noted
throughout the provisions below. Do not use the test points
specified in section 40.6.5.5.1, ``Test procedure'' of HI 40.6-2014-
B and instead use those test points specified in section D.3 of this
appendix for the applicable dedicated-purpose pool pump variety and
speed configuration. When determining overall efficiency, best
efficiency point, or other applicable pump energy performance
information, section 40.6.5.5.1, ``Test procedure''; section
40.6.6.2, ``Pump efficiency''; and section 40.6.6.3, ``Performance
curve'' must be used, as applicable. For the purposes of applying
this appendix, the term ``volume per unit time,'' as defined in
section 40.6.2, ``Terms and definitions,'' of HI 40.6-2014-B shall
be deemed to be synonymous with the term ``flow rate'' used
throughout that standard and this appendix.
A.2. Calculations and Rounding. All terms and quantities refer
to values determined in accordance with the procedures set forth in
this appendix for the rated pump. Perform all calculations using raw
measured values without rounding. Round WEF, EF, maximum head,
vertical lift, and true priming time values to the tenths place
(i.e., 0.1) and rated hydraulic horsepower to the thousandths place
(i.e., 0.001). Round all other reported values to the hundredths
place unless otherwise specified.
B. Measurement Equipment
B.1 For the purposes of measuring flow rate, speed of rotation,
temperature, and pump power output, the equipment specified in HI
40.6-2014-B Appendix C (incorporated by reference, see Sec.
431.463) necessary to measure head, speed of rotation, flow rate,
and temperature must be used and must comply with the stated
accuracy requirements in HI 40.6-2014-B Table 40.6.3.2.3, except as
specified in section B.1.1 and B.1.2 of this appendix. When more
than one instrument is used to measure a given parameter, the
combined accuracy, calculated as the root sum of squares of
individual instrument accuracies, must meet the specified accuracy
requirements.
B.1.1 Electrical measurement equipment for determining the
driver power input to the motor or controls must be capable of
measuring true root mean squared (RMS) current, true RMS voltage,
and real power up to the 40th harmonic of fundamental supply source
frequency, and have a combined accuracy of 2.0 percent
of the measured value at the fundamental supply source frequency.
B.1.2 Instruments for measuring distance (e.g., height above the
reference plane or water level) must be accurate to and have a
resolution of at least 0.1 inch.
B.2 Calibration. Calibration requirements for instrumentation
are specified in appendix D of HI 40.6-2014-B (incorporated by
reference, see Sec. 431.463). Historical calibration data may be
used to justify time periods up to three times longer than those
specified in table D.1 of HI 40.6-2014-B provided the supporting
historical data shows maintenance of calibration of the given
instrument up to the selected extended calibration interval on at
least two unique occasions, based on the interval specified in HI
40.6-2014-B.
C. Test Conditions and Tolerances
C.1 Pump Specifications. Conduct testing at full impeller
diameter in accordance with the test conditions, stabilization
requirements, and specifications of HI 40.6-2014-B section 40.6.3,
``Pump efficiency testing''; section 40.6.4, ``Considerations when
determining the efficiency of a pump''; section 40.6.5.4 (including
appendix A), ``Test arrangements''; and section 40.6.5.5, ``Test
conditions'' (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.463).
C.2 Power Supply Requirements. The following conditions also
apply to the mains power supplied to the DPPP motor or controls, if
any:
(1) Maintain the voltage within 5 percent of the
rated value of the motor,
(2) Maintain the frequency within 1 percent of the
rated value of the motor,
(3) Maintain the voltage unbalance of the power supply within
3 percent of the value with which the motor was rated,
and
(4) Maintain total harmonic distortion below 12 percent
throughout the test.
C.3 Test Conditions. Testing must be carried out with water that
is between 50 and 107 [deg]F with less than or equal to 15
nephelometric turbidity units (NTU).
C.4 Tolerances. For waterfall pumps, multi-speed self-priming
and non-self-priming pool filter pumps, and variable-speed self-
priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps all measured load
points must be within 2.5 percent of the specified head
value and comply with any specified flow values or thresholds. For
all other dedicated-purpose pool pumps, all measured load points
must be within the greater of 2.5 percent of the
specified flow rate values or 0.5 gpm and comply with
any specified head values or thresholds.
D. Data Collection and Stabilization
D.1 Damping Devices. Use of damping devices, as described in
section 40.6.3.2.2 of HI 40.6-2014-B (incorporated by reference, see
Sec. 431.463), are only permitted to integrate up to the data
collection interval used during testing.
D.2 Stabilization. Record data at any tested load point only
under stabilized conditions, as defined in HI 40.6-2014-B section
40.6.5.5.1 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.463), where a
minimum of two measurements are used to determine stabilization.
D.3 Test Points. Measure the flow rate in gpm, pump total head
in ft, the driver power input in W, and the speed of rotation in rpm
at each load point specified in Table 1 of this appendix for each
DPPP variety and speed configuration:
[[Page 36925]]
Table 1--Load Points (i) and Weights (wi) for Each DPPP Variety and Speed Configuration
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of Test points
load --------------------------------------------------------------
DPPP varieties Speed configuration(s) points Load point (i)
(n) Flow rate (Q) (GPM) Head (H) (ft) Speed (rpm)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Self-Priming Pool Filter Pumps And Single-speed dedicated- 1 High............ Qhigh (gpm) = H = 0.0082 x Maximum speed
Non-Self-Priming Pool Filter Pumps. purpose pool pumps and Qmax_speed@C ** Qhigh\2\
all self-priming and
non-self-priming pool
filter pumps not
meeting the definition
of two-*, multi-, or
variable-speed
dedicated-purpose pool
pump.
Two-speed dedicated- 2 Low............. Qlow (gpm) = Flow rate H = 0.0082 x Lowest speed capable
purpose pool pumps *. associated with Qlow\2\ of meeting the
specified head and specified flow and
speed that is not head values, if any
below: ***.
31.1 gpm if
rated hydraulic
horsepower is >0.75
or
24.7 gpm if
rated hydraulic
horsepower is <=0.75
High............ Qhigh (gpm) = H = 0.0082 x Maximum speed.
Qmax_speed@C ** Qhigh\2\
Multi-speed and 2 Low............. Qlow (gpm) = H = 0.0082 x Lowest speed capable
variable-speed If rated Qlow\2\ of meeting the
dedicated-purpose pool hydraulic horsepower specified flow and
pumps. is >0.75, then Qlow head values.
>= 31.1 gpm
If rated
hydraulic horsepower
is <=0.75, then Qlow
>=24.7 gpm
High............ Qhigh (gpm) >=0.8 x H = 0.0082 x Lowest speed capable
Qmax_speed@C ** Qhigh\2\ of meeting the
specified flow and
head values.
Waterfall Pumps.................... Single-speed dedicated- 1 High............ Qlow (gpm) = Flow 17.0 ft Maximum speed.
purpose pool pumps. corresponding to
specified head
Pressure Cleaner Booster Pumps..... Any.................... 1 High............ 10.0 gpm >=60.0 ft Lowest speed capable
of meeting the
specified flow and
head values.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* In order to apply the test points for two-speed self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps, self-priming pool filter pumps that are greater
than or equal to 0.711 rated hydraulic horsepower that are two-speed dedicated-purpose pool pumps must also be distributed in commerce either: (1)
With a pool pump control (variable speed drive and user interface or switch) that changes the speed in response to pre-programmed user preferences and
allows the user to select the duration of each speed and/or the on/off times or (2) without a pool pump control that has such capability, but without
which the pump is unable to operate. Two-speed self-priming pool filter pumps greater than or equal to 0.711 rated hydraulic horsepower that do not
meet these requirements must be tested using the load point for single-speed self-priming or non-self-priming pool filter pumps, as appropriate.
** Qmax_speed@C = Flow at max speed on curve C (gpm)
*** If a two-speed pump has a low speed that results in a flow rate below the specified values, the low speed of that pump shall not be tested.
E. Calculations
E.1 Determination of Weighted Energy Factor. Determine the WEF
as a ratio of the measured flow and driver power input to the
dedicated-purpose pool pump in accordance with the following
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR07AU17.010
Where:
WEF = Weighted Energy Factor in kgal/kWh;
wi = weighting factor at each load point i, as specified in section
E.2 of this appendix;
Qi = flow at each load point i, in gpm;
Pi = driver power input to the motor (or controls, if present) at
each load point i, in watts;
i = load point(s), defined uniquely for each DPPP variety and speed
configuration as specified in section D.3 of this appendix; and
n = number of load point(s), defined uniquely for each DPPP variety
and speed configuration as specified in section D.3 of this
appendix.
E.2 Weights. When determining WEF, apply the weights specified
in Table 2 of this appendix for the applicable load points, DPPP
varieties, and speed configurations:
Table 2--Load Point Weights (wi)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Load point(s) i
DPPP varieties Speed configuration(s) -------------------------------
Low flow High flow
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Self-Priming Pool Filter Pumps and Non-Self- Single-speed dedicated-purpose .............. 1.0
Priming Pool Filter Pumps. pool pumps and all self-priming
and non-self-priming pool filter
pumps not meeting the definition
of two-,* multi-, or variable-
speed dedicated-purpose pool
pump.
Two-speed dedicated-purpose pool 0.80 0.20
pumps *.
Multi-speed and variable-speed 0.80 0.20
dedicated-purpose pool pumps.
Waterfall Pumps.............................. Single-speed dedicated-purpose .............. 1.0
pool pumps.
[[Page 36926]]
Pressure Cleaner Booster Pump................ Any.............................. .............. 1.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* In order to apply the test points for two-speed self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps, self-
priming pool filter pumps that are greater than or equal to 0.711 rated hydraulic horsepower that are two-
speed dedicated-purpose pool pumps must also be distributed in commerce either: (1) With a pool pump control
(variable speed drive and user interface or switch) that changes the speed in response to pre-programmed user
preferences and allows the user to select the duration of each speed and/or the on/off times or (2) without a
pool pump control that has such capability, but without which the pump is unable to operate. Two-speed self-
priming pool filter pumps greater than or equal to 0.711 rated hydraulic horsepower that do not meet these
requirements must be tested using the load point for single-speed self-priming or non-self-priming pool filter
pumps, as appropriate.
E.3 Determination of Horsepower and True Power Factor Metrics
E.3.1 Determine the pump power output at any load point i using
the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR07AU17.011
Where:
Pu,i = the measured pump power output at load point i of the tested
pump, in hp;
Qi = the measured flow rate at load point i of the tested pump, in
gpm;
Hi = pump total head at load point i of the tested pump, in ft; and
SG = the specific gravity of water at specified test conditions,
which is equivalent to 1.00.
E.3.1.1 Determine the rated hydraulic horsepower as the pump
power output measured on the reference curve at maximum rotating
speed and full impeller diameter for the rated pump.
E.3.2 For dedicated-purpose pool pumps with single-phase AC
motors or DC motors, determine the dedicated-purpose pool pump
nominal motor horsepower as the product of the measured full load
speed and torque, adjusted to the appropriate units, as shown in the
following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR07AU17.012
Where:
Pnm = the dedicated-purpose pool pump nominal total horsepower at
full load, in hp;
T = output torque at full load, in lb-ft; and
n = the motor speed at full load, in rpm.
Full-load speed and torque shall be determined based on the
maximum continuous duty motor power output rating allowable for the
motor's nameplate ambient rating and insulation class.
E.3.2.1 For single-phase AC motors, determine the measured speed
and torque at full load according to either section E.3.2.1.1 or
E.3.2.1.2 of this appendix.
E.3.2.1.1 Use the procedures in section 3.2, ``Tests with
load''; section 4 ``Testing facilities''; section 5.2 ``Mechanical
measurements''; section 5.3 ``Temperature measurements''; and
section 6 ``Tests'' of IEEE 114-2010 (incorporated by reference, see
Sec. 431.463), or
E.3.2.1.2 Use the applicable procedures in section 5, ``General
test requirements'' and section 6, ``Tests'' of CSA C747-2009 (RA
2014); except in section 6.4(b) the conversion factor shall be 5252,
only measurements at full load are required in section 6.5, and
section 6.6 shall be disregarded (incorporated by reference, see
Sec. 431.463).
E.3.2.2 For DC motors, determine the measured speed and torque
at full load according to either section E.3.2.2.1 or E.3.2.2.2 of
this appendix.
E.3.2.2.1 Use the procedures in section 3.1, ``Instrument
Selection Factors''; section 3.4 ``Power Measurement'': Section 3.5
``Power Sources''; section 4.1.2 ``Ambient Air''; section 4.1.4
``Direction of Rotation''; section 5.4.1 ``Reference Conditions'';
and section 5.4.3.2 ``Dynomometer or Torquemeter Method'' of IEEE
113-1985 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.463), or
E.3.2.2.2 Use the applicable procedures in section 5, ``General
test requirements'' and section 6, ``Tests'' of CSA C747-2009 (RA
2014); except in section 6.4(b) the conversion factor shall be 5252,
only measurements at full load are required in section 6.5, and
section 6.6 shall be disregarded (incorporated by reference, see
Sec. 431.463).
E.3.3 For dedicated-purpose pool pumps with single-phase AC
motors or DC motors, the dedicated-purpose pool pump service factor
is equal to 1.0.
E.3.4 Determine the dedicated-purpose pool pump motor total
horsepower according to section E.3.4.1 of this appendix for
dedicated-purpose pool pumps with single-phase AC motors or DC
motors and section E.3.4.2 of this appendix for dedicated-purpose
pool pumps with polyphase AC motors.
E.3.4.1 For dedicated-purpose pool pumps with single-phase AC
motors or DC motors, determine the dedicated-purpose pool pump motor
total horsepower as the product of the dedicated-purpose pool pump
nominal motor horsepower, determined in accordance with section
E.3.2 of this appendix, and the dedicated-purpose pool pump service
factor, determined in accordance with section E.3.3 of this
appendix.
E.3.4.2 For dedicated-purpose pool pumps with polyphase AC
induction motors, determine the dedicated-purpose pool pump motor
total horsepower as the product of the rated nominal motor
horsepower and the rated service factor of the motor.
E.3.5 Determine the true power factor at each applicable load
point specified in Table 1 of this appendix for each DPPP variety
and speed configuration as a ratio of driver power input to the
motor (or controls, if present) (Pi), in watts, divided by the
product of the voltage in volts and the current in amps at each load
point i, as shown in the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR07AU17.013
Where:
PFi = true power factor at each load point i, dimensionless;
Pi = driver power input to the motor (or controls, if present) at
each load point i, in watts;
Vi = voltage at each load point i, in volts;
Ii = current at each load point i, in amps; and
i = load point(s), defined uniquely for each DPPP variety and speed
configuration as specified in section D.3 of this appendix.
E.4 Determination of Maximum Head. Determine the maximum head
for self-priming pool filter pumps, non-self-priming pool filter
pumps, and waterfall pumps by measuring the head at maximum speed
and the minimum flow rate at which the pump is designed to operate
continuously or safely, where the minimum flow rate is assumed to be
zero unless stated otherwise in the manufacturer literature.
F. Determination of Self-Priming Capability
F.1 Test Method. Determine the vertical lift and true priming
time of non-self-priming pool filter pumps and self-priming pool
filter pumps that are not already certified as self-priming under
NSF/ANSI 50-2015 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.463) by
testing such pumps pursuant to section C.3 of appendix C of NSF/ANSI
50-2015, except for the modifications and exceptions listed in the
following sections F.1.1 through F.1.5 of this appendix:
F.1.1 Where section C.3.2, ``Apparatus,'' and section C.3.4,
``Self-priming capability test method,'' of NSF/ANSI 50-2015
(incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.463) state that the
``suction line must be essentially as shown in annex C, figure
C.1;'' the phrase ``essentially as shown in Annex C, figure C.1''
means:
The centerline of the pump impeller shaft is situated a
vertical distance equivalent to the specified vertical lift (VL),
calculated in accordance with section F.1.1.1. of this appendix,
above the water level of a water tank of sufficient volume as to
maintain a constant water surface level for the duration of the
test;
[[Page 36927]]
The pump draws water from the water tank with a riser
pipe that extends below the water level a distance of at least 3
times the riser pipe diameter (i.e., 3 pipe diameters);
The suction inlet of the pump is at least 5 pipe
diameters from any obstructions, 90[deg] bends, valves, or fittings;
and
The riser pipe is of the same pipe diameter as the pump
suction inlet.
F.1.1.1 The vertical lift (VL) must be normalized to 5.0 feet at
an atmospheric pressure of 14.7 psia and a water density of 62.4 lb/
ft\3\ in accordance with the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR07AU17.014
Where:
VL = vertical lift of the test apparatus from the waterline to the
centerline of the pump impeller shaft, in ft;
[rho]test = density of test fluid, in lb/ft\3\; and
Pabs,test = absolute barometric pressure of test apparatus location
at centerline of pump impeller shaft, in psia.
F.1.2 The equipment accuracy requirements specified in section
B, ``Measurement Equipment,'' of this appendix also apply to this
section F, as applicable.
F.1.2.1 All measurements of head (gauge pressure), flow, and
water temperature must be taken at the pump suction inlet and all
head measurements must be normalized back to the centerline of the
pump impeller shaft in accordance with section A.3.1.3.1 of HI 40.6-
2014-B (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.463).
F.1.3 All tests must be conducted with clear water that meets
the requirements adopted in section C.3 of this appendix.
F.1.4 In section C.3.4, ``Self-priming capability test method,''
of NSF/ANSI 50-2015 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.463),
``the elapsed time to steady discharge gauge reading or full
discharge flow'' is determined when the changes in head and flow,
respectively, are within the tolerance values specified in table
40.6.3.2.2, ``Permissible amplitude of fluctuation as a percentage
of mean value of quantity being measured at any test point,'' of HI
40.6-2014-B (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.463). The
measured priming time (MPT) is determined as the point in time when
the stabilized load point is first achieved, not when stabilization
is determined. In addition, the true priming time (TPT) is
equivalent to the MPT.
F.1.5 The maximum true priming time for each test run must not
exceed 10.0 minutes. Disregard section C.3.5 of NSF/ANSI 50-2015
(incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.463).
G. Optional Testing and Calculations
G.1 Energy Factor. When making representations regarding the EF
of dedicated-purpose pool pumps, determine EF on one of four system
curves (A, B, C, or D) and at any given speed (s) according to the
following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR07AU17.015
Where:
EFX,s = the energy factor on system curve X at speed s in gal/Wh;
X = one of four possible system curves (A, B, C, or D), as defined
in section G.1.1 of this appendix;
s = the tested speed, in rpm;
QX,s = flow rate measured on system curve X at speed s in gpm; and
PX,s = driver power input to the motor (or controls, if present) on
system curve X at speed s in watts.
G.1.1 System Curves. The energy factor may be determined at any
speed (s) and on any of the four system curves A, B, C, and/or D
specified in the Table 3:
Table 3--Systems Curves for Optional EF Test Procedure
------------------------------------------------------------------------
System curve System curve equation *
------------------------------------------------------------------------
A......................................... H = 0.0167 x Q\2\
B......................................... H = 0.0500 x Q\2\
C......................................... H = 0.0082 x Q\2\
D......................................... H = 0.0044 x Q\2\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* In the above table, Q refers to the flow rate in gpm and H refers to
head in ft.
G.2 Replacement Dedicated-Purpose Pool Pump Motors. To determine
the WEF for replacement DPPP motors, test each replacement DPPP
motor paired with each dedicated-purpose pool pump bare pump for
which the replacement DPPP motor is advertised to be paired, as
stated in the manufacturer's literature for that replacement DPPP
motor model, according to the testing and calculations described in
sections A, B, C, D, and E of this appendix. Alternatively, each
replacement DPPP motor may be tested with the most consumptive
dedicated-purpose pool pump bare pump for which it is advertised to
be paired, as stated in the manufacturer's literature for that
replacement DPPP motor model. If a replacement DPPP motor is not
advertised to be paired with any specific dedicated-purpose pool
pump bare pumps, test with the most consumptive dedicated-purpose
pool pump bare pump available.
Appendix C to Subpart Y of Part 431--Uniform Test Method for the
Measurement of Energy Efficiency of Dedicated-Purpose Pool Pumps
Note: Any representations made on or after July 19, 2021, with
respect to the energy use or efficiency of dedicated-purpose pool
pumps subject to testing pursuant to 10 CFR 431.464(b) must be made
in accordance with the results of testing pursuant to this appendix.
I. Test Procedure for Dedicated-Purpose Pool Pumps
A. General
A.1 Test Method. To determine the weighted energy factor (WEF)
for dedicated-purpose pool pumps, perform ``wire-to-water'' testing
in accordance with HI 40.6-2014-B, except section 40.6.4.1,
``Vertically suspended pumps''; section 40.6.4.2, ``Submersible
pumps''; section 40.6.5.3, ``Test report''; section 40.6.5.5, ``Test
conditions''; section 40.6.5.5.2, ``Speed of rotation during
testing''; section 40.6.6.1, ``Translation of test results to rated
speed of rotation''; section 40.6.6.2, ``Pump efficiency''; section
40.6.6.3, ``Performance curve''; section A.7, ``Testing at
temperatures exceeding 30 [deg]C (86[emsp14][deg]F)''; and appendix
B, ``Reporting of test results''; (incorporated by reference, see
Sec. 431.463) with the modifications and additions as noted
throughout the provisions below. Do not use the test points
specified in section 40.6.5.5.1, ``Test procedure'' of HI 40.6-2014-
B and instead use those test points specified in section D.3 of this
appendix for the applicable dedicated-purpose pool pump variety and
speed configuration. When determining overall efficiency, best
efficiency point, or other applicable pump energy performance
information, section 40.6.5.5.1, ``Test procedure''; section
40.6.6.2, ``Pump efficiency''; and section 40.6.6.3,
[[Page 36928]]
``Performance curve'' must be used, as applicable. For the purposes
of applying this appendix, the term ``volume per unit time,'' as
defined in section 40.6.2, ``Terms and definitions,'' of HI 40.6-
2014-B shall be deemed to be synonymous with the term ``flow rate''
used throughout that standard and this appendix .
A.2 Calculations and Rounding. All terms and quantities refer to
values determined in accordance with the procedures set forth in
this appendix for the rated pump. Perform all calculations using raw
measured values without rounding. Round WEF, maximum head, vertical
lift, and true priming time values to the tenths place (i.e., 0.1)
and rated hydraulic horsepower to the thousandths place (i.e.,
0.001). Round all other reported values to the hundredths place
unless otherwise specified.
B. Measurement Equipment
B.1 For the purposes of measuring flow rate, speed of rotation,
temperature, and pump power output, the equipment specified in HI
40.6-2014-B Appendix C (incorporated by reference, see Sec.
431.463) necessary to measure head, speed of rotation, flow rate,
and temperature must be used and must comply with the stated
accuracy requirements in HI 40.6-2014-B Table 40.6.3.2.3, except as
specified in sections B.1.1 and B.1.2 of this appendix. When more
than one instrument is used to measure a given parameter, the
combined accuracy, calculated as the root sum of squares of
individual instrument accuracies, must meet the specified accuracy
requirements.
B.1.1 Electrical measurement equipment for determining the
driver power input to the motor or controls must be capable of
measuring true root mean squared (RMS) current, true RMS voltage,
and real power up to the 40th harmonic of fundamental supply source
frequency, and have a combined accuracy of 2.0 percent
of the measured value at the fundamental supply source frequency.
B.1.2 Instruments for measuring distance (e.g., height above the
reference plane or water level) must be accurate to and have a
resolution of at least 0.1 inch.
B.2 Calibration. Calibration requirements for instrumentation
are specified in appendix D of HI 40.6-2014-B (incorporated by
reference, see Sec. 431.463). Historical calibration data may be
used to justify time periods up to three times longer than those
specified in table D.1 of HI 40.6-2014-B provided the supporting
historical data shows maintenance of calibration of the given
instrument up to the selected extended calibration interval on at
least two unique occasions, based on the interval specified in HI
40.6-2014-B.
C. Test Conditions and Tolerances
C.1 Pump Specifications. Conduct testing at full impeller
diameter in accordance with the test conditions, stabilization
requirements, and specifications of HI 40.6-2014-B section 40.6.3,
``Pump efficiency testing''; section 40.6.4, ``Considerations when
determining the efficiency of a pump''; section 40.6.5.4 (including
appendix A), ``Test arrangements''; and section 40.6.5.5, ``Test
conditions'' (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.463).
C.2 Power Supply Requirements. The following conditions also
apply to the mains power supplied to the DPPP motor or controls, if
any:
(1) Maintain the voltage within 5 percent of the
rated value of the motor,
(2) Maintain the frequency within 1 percent of the
rated value of the motor,
(3) Maintain the voltage unbalance of the power supply within
3 percent of the value with which the motor was rated,
and
(4) Maintain total harmonic distortion below 12 percent
throughout the test.
C.3 Test Conditions. Testing must be carried out with water that
is between 50 and 107 [deg]F with less than or equal to 15
nephelometric turbidity units (NTU).
C.4 Tolerances. For waterfall pumps, multi-speed self-priming
and non-self-priming pool filter pumps, and variable-speed self-
priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps all measured load
points must be within 2.5 percent of the specified head
value and comply with any specified flow values or thresholds. For
all other dedicated-purpose pool pumps, all measured load points
must be within the greater of 2.5 percent of the
specified flow rate values or 0.5 gpm and comply with
any specified head values or thresholds.
D. Data Collection and Stabilization
D.1 Damping Devices. Use of damping devices, as described in
section 40.6.3.2.2 of HI 40.6-2014-B (incorporated by reference, see
Sec. 431.463), are only permitted to integrate up to the data
collection interval used during testing.
D.2 Stabilization. Record data at any tested load point only
under stabilized conditions, as defined in HI 40.6-2014-B section
40.6.5.5.1 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.463), where a
minimum of two measurements are used to determine stabilization.
D.3 Test Points. Measure the flow rate in gpm, pump total head
in ft, the driver power input in W, and the speed of rotation in rpm
at each load point specified in Table 1 of this appendix for each
DPPP variety and speed configuration:
Table 1--Load Points (i) and Weights (wi) for Each DPPP Variety and Speed Configuration
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of Test points
load --------------------------------------------------------------
DPPP varieties Speed configuration(s) points Load point (i)
(n) Flow rate (Q) (GPM) Head (H) (ft) Speed (rpm)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Self-Priming Pool Filter Pumps And Single-speed dedicated- 1 High............ Qhigh (gpm) = H = 0.0082 x Maximum speed.
Non-Self-Priming Pool Filter Pumps. purpose pool pumps and Qmax_speed@C ** Qhigh\2\
all self-priming and
non-self-priming pool
filter pumps not
meeting the definition
of two-*, multi-, or
variable-speed
dedicated-purpose pool
pump.
Two-speed dedicated- 2 Low............. Qlow (gpm) = Flow rate H = 0.0082 x Lowest speed capable
purpose pool pumps *. associated with Qlow\2\ of meeting the
specified head and specified flow and
speed that is not head values, if any.
below: ***
31.1 gpm if
rated hydraulic
horsepower is >0.75
or
24.7 gpm if
rated hydraulic
horsepower is <=0.75
High............ Qhigh (gpm) = H = 0.0082 x Maximum speed.
Qmax_speed@C ** Qlow\2\
Multi-speed and 2 Low............. Qlow (gpm) = H = 0.0082 x Lowest speed capable
variable-speed If rated Qlow\2\ of meeting the
dedicated-purpose pool hydraulic horsepower specified flow and
pumps. is >0.75, then Qlow head values.
>=31.1 gpm
If rated
hydraulic horsepower
is <=0.75, then Qlow
>=24.7 gpm
High............ Qhigh (gpm) >=0.8 x H = 0.0082 x Lowest speed capable
Qmax_speed@C ** Qhigh\2\ of meeting the
specified flow and
head values.
[[Page 36929]]
Waterfall Pumps.................... Single-speed dedicated- 1 High............ Qlow (gpm) = Flow 17.0 ft Maximum speed.
purpose pool pumps. corresponding to
specified head
Pressure Cleaner Booster Pumps..... Any.................... 1 High............ 10.0 gpm >=60.0 ft Lowest speed capable
of meeting the
specified flow and
head values.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* In order to apply the test points for two-speed self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps, self-priming pool filter pumps that are greater
than or equal to 0.711 rated hydraulic horsepower that are two-speed dedicated-purpose pool pumps must also be distributed in commerce either: (1)
With a pool pump control (variable speed drive and user interface or switch) that changes the speed in response to pre-programmed user preferences and
allows the user to select the duration of each speed and/or the on/off times or (2) without a pool pump control that has such capability, but without
which the pump is unable to operate. Two-speed self-priming pool filter pumps greater than or equal to 0.711 rated hydraulic horsepower that do not
meet these requirements must be tested using the load point for single-speed self-priming or non-self-priming pool filter pumps, as appropriate.
** Qmax_speed@C = Flow at max speed on curve C (gpm).
*** If a two-speed pump has a low speed that results in a flow rate below the specified values, the low speed of that pump shall not be tested.
E. Calculations
E.1 Determination of Weighted Energy Factor. Determine the WEF
as a ratio of the measured flow and driver power input to the
dedicated-purpose pool pump in accordance with the following
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR07AU17.016
Where:
WEF = Weighted Energy Factor in kgal/kWh;
Wi = weighting factor at each load point i, as specified in section
E.2 of this appendix;
Qi = flow at each load point i, in gpm;
Pi = driver power input to the motor (or controls, if present) at
each load point i, in watts;
i = load point(s), defined uniquely for each DPPP variety and speed
configuration as specified in section D.3 of this appendix; and
n = number of load point(s), defined uniquely for each DPPP variety
and speed configuration as specified in section D.3 of this
appendix.
E.2 Weights. When determining WEF, apply the weights specified
in Table 2 of this appendix for the applicable load points, DPPP
varieties, and speed configurations:
Table 2--Load Point Weights (wi)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Load point(s) i
DPPP varieties Speed configuration(s) -------------------------------
Low flow High flow
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Self-Priming Pool Filter Pumps and Non-Self- Single-speed dedicated-purpose .............. 1.0
Priming Pool Filter Pumps. pool pumps and all self-priming
and non-self-priming pool filter
pumps not meeting the definition
of two-*, multi-, or variable-
speed dedicated-purpose pool
pump.
Two-speed dedicated-purpose pool 0.80 0.20
pumps *.
Multi-speed and variable-speed 0.80 0.20
dedicated-purpose pool pumps.
Waterfall Pumps.............................. Single-speed dedicated-purpose .............. 1.0
pool pumps.
Pressure Cleaner Booster Pump................ Any.............................. .............. 1.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* In order to apply the test points for two-speed self-priming and non-self-priming pool filter pumps, self-
priming pool filter pumps that are greater than or equal to 0.711 rated hydraulic horsepower that are two-
speed dedicated-purpose pool pumps must also be distributed in commerce either: (1) With a pool pump control
(variable speed drive and user interface or switch) that changes the speed in response to pre-programmed user
preferences and allows the user to select the duration of each speed and/or the on/off times or (2) without a
pool pump control that has such capability, but without which the pump is unable to operate. Two-speed self-
priming pool filter pumps greater than or equal to 0.711 rated hydraulic horsepower that do not meet these
requirements must be tested using the load point for single-speed self-priming or non-self-priming pool filter
pumps, as appropriate.
E.3 Determination of Horsepower and True Power Factor Metrics
E.3.1 Determine the pump power output at any load point i using
the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR07AU17.017
Where:
Pu,i = the measured pump power output at load point i of the tested
pump, in hp;
Qi = the measured flow rate at load point i of the tested pump, in
gpm;
Hi = pump total head at load point i of the tested pump, in ft; and
SG = the specific gravity of water at specified test conditions,
which is equivalent to 1.00.
E.3.1.1 Determine the rated hydraulic horsepower as the pump
power output measured on the reference curve at maximum rotating
speed and full impeller diameter for the rated pump.
E.3.2 For dedicated-purpose pool pumps with single-phase AC
motors or DC motors, determine the dedicated-purpose pool pump
nominal motor horsepower as the product of the measured full load
speed and torque, adjusted to the appropriate units, as shown in the
following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR07AU17.018
Where:
Pnm = the dedicated-purpose pool pump nominal total horsepower at
full load, in hp;
T = output torque at full load, in lb-ft; and
n = the motor speed at full load, in rpm.
Full-load speed and torque shall be determined based on the
maximum continuous duty motor power output rating allowable for the
motor's nameplate ambient rating and insulation class.
E.3.2.1 For single-phase AC motors, determine the measured speed
and torque at
[[Page 36930]]
full load according to either section E.3.2.1.1 or E.3.2.1.2 of this
appendix.
E.3.2.1.1 Use the procedures in section 3.2, ``Tests with
load''; section 4 ``Testing facilities''; section 5.2 ``Mechanical
measurements''; section 5.3 ``Temperature measurements''; and
section 6 ``Tests'' of IEEE 114-2010 (incorporated by reference, see
Sec. 431.463), or
E.3.2.1.2 Use the applicable procedures in section 5, ``General
test requirements'' and section 6, ``Tests'' of CSA C747-2009 (RA
2014); except in section 6.4(b) the conversion factor shall be 5252,
only measurements at full load are required in section 6.5, and
section 6.6 shall be disregarded (incorporated by reference, see
Sec. 431.463).
E.3.2.2 For DC motors, determine the measured speed and torque
at full load according to either section E.3.2.2.1 or E.3.2.2.2 of
this appendix.
E.3.2.2.1 Use the procedures in section 3.1, ``Instrument
Selection Factors''; section 3.4 ``Power Measurement'': Section 3.5
``Power Sources''; section 4.1.2 ``Ambient Air''; section 4.1.4
``Direction of Rotation''; section 5.4.1 ``Reference Conditions'';
and section 5.4.3.2 ``Dynomometer or Torquemeter Method'' of IEEE
113-1985 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.463), or
E.3.2.2.2 Use the applicable procedures in section 5, ``General
test requirements'' and section 6, ``Tests'' of CSA C747-2009 (RA
2014); except in section 6.4(b) the conversion factor shall be 5252,
only measurements at full load are required in section 6.5, and
section 6.6 shall be disregarded (incorporated by reference, see
Sec. 431.463).
E.3.3 For dedicated-purpose pool pumps with single-phase AC
motors or DC motors, the dedicated-purpose pool pump service factor
is equal to 1.0.
E.3.4 Determine the dedicated-purpose pool pump motor total
horsepower according to section E.3.4.1 of this appendix for
dedicated-purpose pool pumps with single-phase AC motors or DC
motors and section E.3.4.2 of this appendix for dedicated-purpose
pool pumps with polyphase AC motors.
E.3.4.1 For dedicated-purpose pool pumps with single-phase AC
motors or DC motors, determine the dedicated-purpose pool pump motor
total horsepower as the product of the dedicated-purpose pool pump
nominal motor horsepower, determined in accordance with section
E.3.2 of this appendix, and the dedicated-purpose pool pump service
factor, determined in accordance with section E.3.3 of this
appendix.
E.3.4.2 For dedicated-purpose pool pumps with polyphase AC
induction motors, determine the dedicated-purpose pool pump motor
total horsepower as the product of the rated nominal motor
horsepower and the rated service factor of the motor.
E.3.5 Determine the true power factor at each applicable load
point specified in Table 1 of this appendix for each DPPP variety
and speed configuration as a ratio of driver power input to the
motor (or controls, if present) (Pi), in watts, divided by the
product of the voltage in volts and the current in amps at each load
point i, as shown in the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR07AU17.019
Where:
PFi = true power factor at each load point i, dimensionless;
Pi = driver power input to the motor (or controls, if present) at
each load point i, in watts;
Vi = voltage at each load point i, in volts;
Ii = current at each load point i, in amps; and
i = load point(s), defined uniquely for each DPPP variety and speed
configuration as specified in section D.3 of this appendix.
E.4 Determination of Maximum Head. Determine the maximum head
for self-priming pool filter pumps, non-self-priming pool filter
pumps, and waterfall pumps by measuring the head at maximum speed
and the minimum flow rate at which the pump is designed to operate
continuously or safely, where the minimum flow rate is assumed to be
zero unless stated otherwise in the manufacturer literature.
F. Determination of Self-Priming Capability
F.1 Test Method. Determine the vertical lift and true priming
time of non-self-priming pool filter pumps and self-priming pool
filter pumps that are not already certified as self-priming under
NSF/ANSI 50-2015 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.463) by
testing such pumps pursuant to section C.3 of appendix C of NSF/ANSI
50-2015, except for the modifications and exceptions listed in the
following sections F.1.1 through F.1.5 of this appendix:
F.1.1 Where section C.3.2, ``Apparatus,'' and section C.3.4,
``Self-priming capability test method,'' of NSF/ANSI 50-2015
(incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.463) state that the
``suction line must be essentially as shown in annex C, figure
C.1;'' the phrase ``essentially as shown in Annex C, figure C.1''
means:
(1) The centerline of the pump impeller shaft is situated a
vertical distance equivalent to the specified vertical lift (VL),
calculated in accordance with section F.1.1.1. of this appendix,
above the water level of a water tank of sufficient volume as to
maintain a constant water surface level for the duration of the
test;
(2) The pump draws water from the water tank with a riser pipe
that extends below the water level a distance of at least 3 times
the riser pipe diameter (i.e., 3 pipe diameters);
(3) The suction inlet of the pump is at least 5 pipe diameters
from any obstructions, 90[deg] bends, valves, or fittings; and
(4) The riser pipe is of the same pipe diameter as the pump
suction inlet.
F.1.1.1 The vertical lift (VL) must be normalized to 5.0 feet at
an atmospheric pressure of 14.7 psia and a water density of 62.4 lb/
ft\3\ in accordance with the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR07AU17.020
Where:
VL = vertical lift of the test apparatus from the waterline to the
centerline of the pump impeller shaft, in ft;
[rho]test = density of test fluid, in lb/ft\3\; and
Pabs,test = absolute barometric pressure of test apparatus location
at centerline of pump impeller shaft, in psia.
F.1.2 The equipment accuracy requirements specified in section
B, ``Measurement Equipment,'' of this appendix also apply to this
section F, as applicable.
F.1.2.1 All measurements of head (gauge pressure), flow, and
water temperature must be taken at the pump suction inlet and all
head measurements must be normalized back to the centerline of the
pump impeller shaft in accordance with section A.3.1.3.1 of HI 40.6-
2014-B (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.463).
F.1.3 All tests must be conducted with clear water that meets
the requirements adopted in section C.3 of this appendix.
F.1.4 In section C.3.4, ``Self-priming capability test method,''
of NSF/ANSI 50-2015 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.463),
``the elapsed time to steady discharge gauge reading or full
discharge flow'' is determined when the changes in head and flow,
respectively, are within the tolerance values specified in table
40.6.3.2.2, ``Permissible amplitude of fluctuation as a percentage
of mean value of quantity being measured at any test point,'' of HI
40.6-2014-B (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.463). The
measured priming time (MPT) is determined as the point in time when
the stabilized load point is first achieved, not when stabilization
is determined. In addition, the true priming time (TPT) is
equivalent to the MPT.
F.1.5 The maximum true priming time for each test run must not
exceed 10.0 minutes. Disregard section C.3.5 of NSF/ANSI 50-2015
(incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.463).
[[Page 36931]]
G. Optional Testing and Calculations
G.1 Replacement Dedicated-Purpose Pool Pump Motors. To determine
the WEF for replacement DPPP motors, test each replacement DPPP
motor paired with each dedicated-purpose pool pump bare pump for
which the replacement DPPP motor is advertised to be paired, as
stated in the manufacturer's literature for that replacement DPPP
motor model, according to the testing and calculations described in
sections A, B, C, D, and E of this appendix. Alternatively, each
replacement DPPP motor may be tested with the most consumptive
dedicated-purpose pool pump bare pump for which it is advertised to
be paired, as stated in the manufacturer's literature for that
replacement DPPP motor model. If a replacement DPPP motor is not
advertised to be paired with any specific dedicated-purpose pool
pump bare pumps, test with the most consumptive dedicated-purpose
pool pump bare pump available.
Editorial note: This document was received for publication by
the Office of the Federal Register on July 19, 2017.
[FR Doc. 2017-15464 Filed 8-4-17; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6450-01-P