[Title 40 CFR A]
[Code of Federal Regulations (annual edition) - July 1, 2002 Edition]
[Title 40 - PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT]
[Chapter I - ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION]
[Subchapter I - SOLID WASTES (CONTINUED)]
[Part 280 - TECHNICAL STANDARDS AND CORRECTIVE ACTION REQUIREMENTS FOR OWNERS AND OPERATORS OF UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (UST)]
[Subpart A - Program Scope and Interim Prohibition]
[From the U.S. Government Printing Office]
40PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT232002-07-012002-07-01falseProgram Scope and Interim ProhibitionASubpart APROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONSOLID WASTES (CONTINUED)TECHNICAL STANDARDS AND CORRECTIVE ACTION REQUIREMENTS FOR OWNERS AND OPERATORS OF UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (UST)
Subpart A--Program Scope and Interim Prohibition
Sec. 280.10 Applicability.
(a) The requirements of this part apply to all owners and operators
of an UST system as defined in Sec. 280.12 except as otherwise provided
in paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of this section. Any UST system listed
in paragraph (c) of this section must meet the requirements of
Sec. 280.11.
(b) The following UST systems are excluded from the requirements of
this part:
(1) Any UST system holding hazardous wastes listed or identified
under Subtitle C of the Solid Waste Disposal Act, or a mixture of such
hazardous waste and other regulated substances.
(2) Any wastewater treatment tank system that is part of a
wastewater treatment facility regulated under section 402 or 307(b) of
the Clean Water Act.
(3) Equipment or machinery that contains regulated substances for
operational purposes such as hydraulic lift tanks and electrical
equipment tanks.
(4) Any UST system whose capacity is 110 gallons or less.
(5) Any UST system that contains a de minimis concentration of
regulated substances.
(6) Any emergency spill or overflow containment UST system that is
expeditiously emptied after use.
(c) Deferrals. Subparts B, C, D, E, and G do not apply to any of the
following types of UST systems:
(1) Wastewater treatment tank systems;
(2) Any UST systems containing radioactive material that are
regulated under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2011 and
following);
(3) Any UST system that is part of an emergency generator system at
nuclear power generation facilities regulated by the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission under 10 CFR part 50, appendix A;
(4) Airport hydrant fuel distribution systems; and
(5) UST systems with field-constructed tanks.
(d) Deferrals. Subpart D does not apply to any UST system that
stores fuel solely for use by emergency power generators.
Sec. 280.11 Interim prohibition for deferred UST systems.
(a) No person may install an UST system listed in Sec. 280.10(c) for
the purpose of storing regulated substances unless the UST system
(whether of single- or double-wall construction):
(1) Will prevent releases due to corrosion or structural failure for
the operational life of the UST system;
(2) Is cathodically protected against corrosion, constructed of
noncorrodible material, steel clad with a noncorrodible material, or
designed in a manner to prevent the release or threatened release of any
stored substance; and
(3) Is constructed or lined with material that is compatible with
the stored substance.
(b) Notwithstanding paragraph (a) of this section, an UST system
without corrosion protection may be installed at a site that is
determined by a corrosion expert not to be corrosive enough to cause it
to have a release due to corrosion during its operating life. Owners and
operators must maintain records that demonstrate compliance with the
requirements of this paragraph for the remaining life of the tank.
Note: The National Association of Corrosion Engineers Standard RP-
02-85, ``Control of External Corrosion on Metallic Buried, Partially
Buried, or Submerged Liquid Storage Systems,'' may be used as guidance
for complying with paragraph (b) of this section.
[[Page 463]]
Sec. 280.12 Definitions.
Aboveground release means any release to the surface of the land or
to surface water. This includes, but is not limited to, releases from
the above-ground portion of an UST system and aboveground releases
associated with overfills and transfer operations as the regulated
substance moves to or from an UST system.
Ancillary equipment means any devices including, but not limited to,
such devices as piping, fittings, flanges, valves, and pumps used to
distribute, meter, or control the flow of regulated substances to and
from an UST.
Belowground release means any release to the subsurface of the land
and to ground water. This includes, but is not limited to, releases from
the belowground portions of an underground storage tank system and
belowground releases associated with overfills and transfer operations
as the regulated substance moves to or from an underground storage tank.
Beneath the surface of the ground means beneath the ground surface
or otherwise covered with earthen materials.
Cathodic protection is a technique to prevent corrosion of a metal
surface by making that surface the cathode of an electrochemical cell.
For example, a tank system can be cathodically protected through the
application of either galvanic anodes or impressed current.
Cathodic protection tester means a person who can demonstrate an
understanding of the principles and measurements of all common types of
cathodic protection systems as applied to buried or submerged metal
piping and tank systems. At a minimum, such persons must have education
and experience in soil resistivity, stray current, structure-to-soil
potential, and component electrical isolation measurements of buried
metal piping and tank systems.
CERCLA means the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,
and Liability Act of 1980, as amended.
Compatible means the ability of two or more substances to maintain
their respective physical and chemical properties upon contact with one
another for the design life of the tank system under conditions likely
to be encountered in the UST.
Connected piping means all underground piping including valves,
elbows, joints, flanges, and flexible connectors attached to a tank
system through which regulated substances flow. For the purpose of
determining how much piping is connected to any individual UST system,
the piping that joins two UST systems should be allocated equally
between them.
Consumptive use with respect to heating oil means consumed on the
premises.
Corrosion expert means a person who, by reason of thorough knowledge
of the physical sciences and the principles of engineering and
mathematics acquired by a professional education and related practical
experience, is qualified to engage in the practice of corrosion control
on buried or submerged metal piping systems and metal tanks. Such a
person must be accredited or certified as being qualified by the
National Association of Corrosion Engineers or be a registered
professional engineer who has certification or licensing that includes
education and experience in corrosion control of buried or submerged
metal piping systems and metal tanks.
Dielectric material means a material that does not conduct direct
electrical current. Dielectric coatings are used to electrically isolate
UST systems from the surrounding soils. Dielectric bushings are used to
electrically isolate portions of the UST system (e.g., tank from
piping).
Electrical equipment means underground equipment that contains
dielectric fluid that is necessary for the operation of equipment such
as transformers and buried electrical cable.
Excavation zone means the volume containing the tank system and
backfill material bounded by the ground surface, walls, and floor of the
pit and trenches into which the UST system is placed at the time of
installation.
Existing tank system means a tank system used to contain an
accumulation of regulated substances or for which installation has
commenced on or before December 22, 1988. Installation is considered to
have commenced if:
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(a) The owner or operator has obtained all federal, state, and local
approvals or permits necessary to begin physical construction of the
site or installation of the tank system; and if,
(b)(1) Either a continuous on-site physical construction or
installation program has begun; or,
(2) The owner or operator has entered into contractual obligations--
which cannot be cancelled or modified without substantial loss--for
physical construction at the site or installation of the tank system to
be completed within a reasonable time.
Farm tank is a tank located on a tract of land devoted to the
production of crops or raising animals, including fish, and associated
residences and improvements. A farm tank must be located on the farm
property. ``Farm'' includes fish hatcheries, rangeland and nurseries
with growing operations.
Flow-through process tank is a tank that forms an integral part of a
production process through which there is a steady, variable, recurring,
or intermittent flow of materials during the operation of the process.
Flow-through process tanks do not include tanks used for the storage of
materials prior to their introduction into the production process or for
the storage of finished products or by-products from the production
process.
Free product refers to a regulated substance that is present as a
non-aqueous phase liquid (e.g., liquid not dissolved in water.)
Gathering lines means any pipeline, equipment, facility, or building
used in the transportation of oil or gas during oil or gas production or
gathering operations.
Hazardous substance UST system means an underground storage tank
system that contains a hazardous substance defined in section 101(14) of
the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act
of 1980 (but not including any substance regulated as a hazardous waste
under subtitle C) or any mixture of such substances and petroleum, and
which is not a petroleum UST system.
Heating oil means petroleum that is No. 1, No. 2, No. 4--light, No.
4--heavy, No. 5--light, No. 5--heavy, and No. 6 technical grades of fuel
oil; other residual fuel oils (including Navy Special Fuel Oil and
Bunker C); and other fuels when used as substitutes for one of these
fuel oils. Heating oil is typically used in the operation of heating
equipment, boilers, or furnaces.
Hydraulic lift tank means a tank holding hydraulic fluid for a
closed-loop mechanical system that uses compressed air or hydraulic
fluid to operate lifts, elevators, and other similar devices.
Implementing agency means EPA, or, in the case of a state with a
program approved under section 9004 (or pursuant to a memorandum of
agreement with EPA), the designated state or local agency responsible
for carrying out an approved UST program.
Liquid trap means sumps, well cellars, and other traps used in
association with oil and gas production, gathering, and extraction
operations (including gas production plants), for the purpose of
collecting oil, water, and other liquids. These liquid traps may
temporarily collect liquids for subsequent disposition or reinjection
into a production or pipeline stream, or may collect and separate
liquids from a gas stream.
Maintenance means the normal operational upkeep to prevent an
underground storage tank system from releasing product.
Motor fuel means petroleum or a petroleum-based substance that is
motor gasoline, aviation gasoline, No. 1 or No. 2 diesel fuel, or any
grade of gasohol, and is typically used in the operation of a motor
engine.
New tank system means a tank system that will be used to contain an
accumulation of regulated substances and for which installation has
commenced after December 22, 1988. (See also ``Existing Tank System.'')
Noncommercial purposes with respect to motor fuel means not for
resale.
On the premises where stored with respect to heating oil means UST
systems located on the same property where the stored heating oil is
used.
Operational life refers to the period beginning when installation of
the tank system has commenced until the time the tank system is properly
closed under Subpart G.
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Operator means any person in control of, or having responsibility
for, the daily operation of the UST system.
Overfill release is a release that occurs when a tank is filled
beyond its capacity, resulting in a discharge of the regulated substance
to the environment.
Owner means:
(a) In the case of an UST system in use on November 8, 1984, or
brought into use after that date, any person who owns an UST system used
for storage, use, or dispensing of regulated substances; and
(b) In the case of any UST system in use before November 8, 1984,
but no longer in use on that date, any person who owned such UST
immediately before the discontinuation of its use.
Person means an individual, trust, firm, joint stock company,
Federal agency, corporation, state, municipality, commission, political
subdivision of a state, or any interstate body. ``Person'' also includes
a consortium, a joint venture, a commercial entity, and the United
States Government.
Petroleum UST system means an underground storage tank system that
contains petroleum or a mixture of petroleum with de minimis quantities
of other regulated substances. Such systems include those containing
motor fuels, jet fuels, distillate fuel oils, residual fuel oils,
lubricants, petroleum solvents, and used oils.
Pipe or Piping means a hollow cylinder or tubular conduit that is
constructed of non-earthen materials.
Pipeline facilities (including gathering lines) are new and existing
pipe rights-of-way and any associated equipment, facilities, or
buildings.
Regulated substance means:
(a) Any substance defined in section 101(14) of the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980
(but not including any substance regulated as a hazardous waste under
subtitle C), and
(b) Petroleum, including crude oil or any fraction thereof that is
liquid at standard conditions of temperature and pressure (60 degrees
Fahrenheit and 14.7 pounds per square inch absolute).
The term ``regulated substance'' includes but is not limited to
petroleum and petroleum-based substances comprised of a complex blend of
hydrocarbons derived from crude oil though processes of separation,
conversion, upgrading, and finishing, such as motor fuels, jet fuels,
distillate fuel oils, residual fuel oils, lubricants, petroleum
solvents, and used oils.
Release means any spilling, leaking, emitting, discharging,
escaping, leaching or disposing from an UST into ground water, surface
water or subsurface soils.
Release detection means determining whether a release of a regulated
substance has occurred from the UST system into the environment or into
the interstitial space between the UST system and its secondary barrier
or secondary containment around it.
Repair means to restore a tank or UST system component that has
caused a release of product from the UST system.
Residential tank is a tank located on property used primarily for
dwelling purposes.
SARA means the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986.
Septic tank is a water-tight covered receptacle designed to receive
or process, through liquid separation or biological digestion, the
sewage discharged from a building sewer. The effluent from such
receptacle is distributed for disposal through the soil and settled
solids and scum from the tank are pumped out periodically and hauled to
a treatment facility.
Storm-water or wastewater collection system means piping, pumps,
conduits, and any other equipment necessary to collect and transport the
flow of surface water run-off resulting from precipitation, or domestic,
commercial, or industrial wastewater to and from retention areas or any
areas where treatment is designated to occur. The collection of storm
water and wastewater does not include treatment except where incidental
to conveyance.
Surface impoundment is a natural topographic depression, man-made
excavation, or diked area formed primarily of earthen materials
(although it may be lined with man-made materials) that is not an
injection well.
Tank is a stationary device designed to contain an accumulation of
regulated substances and constructed of
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non-earthen materials (e.g., concrete, steel, plastic) that provide
structural support.
Underground area means an underground room, such as a basement,
cellar, shaft or vault, providing enough space for physical inspection
of the exterior of the tank situated on or above the surface of the
floor.
Underground release means any belowground release.
Underground storage tank or UST means any one or combination of
tanks (including underground pipes connected thereto) that is used to
contain an accumulation of regulated substances, and the volume of which
(including the volume of underground pipes connected thereto) is 10
percent or more beneath the surface of the ground. This term does not
include any:
(a) Farm or residential tank of 1,100 gallons or less capacity used
for storing motor fuel for noncommercial purposes;
(b) Tank used for storing heating oil for consumptive use on the
premises where stored;
(c) Septic tank;
(d) Pipeline facility (including gathering lines) regulated under:
(1) The Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act of 1968 (49 U.S.C. App.
1671, et seq.), or
(2) The Hazardous Liquid Pipeline Safety Act of 1979 (49 U.S.C. App.
2001, et seq.), or
(3) Which is an intrastate pipeline facility regulated under state
laws comparable to the provisions of the law referred to in paragraph
(d)(1) or (d)(2) of this definition;
(e) Surface impoundment, pit, pond, or lagoon;
(f) Storm-water or wastewater collection system;
(g) Flow-through process tank;
(h) Liquid trap or associated gathering lines directly related to
oil or gas production and gathering operations; or
(i) Storage tank situated in an underground area (such as a
basement, cellar, mineworking, drift, shaft, or tunnel) if the storage
tank is situated upon or above the surface of the floor.
The term ``underground storage tank'' or ``UST'' does not include any
pipes connected to any tank which is described in paragraphs (a) through
(i) of this definition.
Upgrade means the addition or retrofit of some systems such as
cathodic protection, lining, or spill and overfill controls to improve
the ability of an underground storage tank system to prevent the release
of product.
UST system or Tank system means an underground storage tank,
connected underground piping, underground ancillary equipment, and
containment system, if any.
Wastewater treatment tank means a tank that is designed to receive
and treat an influent wastewater through physical, chemical, or
biological methods.