2009—Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title V, §§521(b), 525(b)(2), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2285, 2287, added items 2004b and 2016.
2006—Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title V, §536(b), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2209, added item 2004a.
Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, §538(b), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3250, added item 2015.
1997—Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title III, §325(b), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1679, added item 2014.
1996—Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title III, §362(a)(2), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2493, added item 2013.
Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, §572(b), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 355, added item 2012.
1994—Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §1671(b)(12), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3014, struck out item 2001 “Reserve components”.
1991—Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title X, §1052(a)(2), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1471, added item 2011.
1990—Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XIV, §1484(i)(3)(B), (4)(B), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1718, struck out “of the military departments” after “officers” in item 2004 and substituted “Payment” for “Limitation on payment” in item 2007.
1986—Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title XIII, §1321(a)(2), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3988, added item 2010.
1984—Pub. L. 98–525, title VII, §706(a)(2), title XIV, §§1401(g)(2), 1405(31), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2570, 2619, 2624, substituted a colon for a semicolon in item 2003 and added items 2006 to 2009.
1980—Pub. L. 96–357, §2(b), Sept. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 1182, added item 2005.
1973—Pub. L. 93–155, title VIII, §817(b), Nov. 16, 1973, 87 Stat. 622, added item 2004.
1971—Pub. L. 92–168, §4(2), Nov. 24, 1971, 85 Stat. 489, added item 2003.
1970—Pub. L. 91–278, §2(3), June 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 306, substituted “armed forces” for “Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps” in item 2002.
1965—Pub. L. 89–160, §1(2), Sept. 1, 1965, 79 Stat. 615, added item 2002.
Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title III, §367, Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1381, provided that: “The Secretary of Defense shall establish policy and promulgate guidelines to ensure civilian and military law enforcement personnel charged with security functions on military installations shall receive Active Shooter Training as described in finding 4.3 of the document entitled ‘Protecting the Force: Lessons From Fort Hood’.”
Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title V, §529, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2290, provided that:
“(a)
“(b)
“(1) Programs to provide that members of the Armed Forces or civilian employees of the Department of Defense who graduate from the institution of higher education concerned include members or employees, as the case may be, who are skilled in the languages and area studies covered by the program from beginning through advanced skill levels.
“(2) Programs of language proficiency training for such members and civilian employees at the institution of higher education concerned in critical and strategic languages tailored to meet operational readiness requirements.
“(3) Alternative language training delivery systems and modalities to meet language and regional area study requirements for such members and employees whether prior to deployment, during deployment, or post-deployment.
“(4) Programs on critical and strategic languages under the program that can be incorporated into Reserve Officers’ Training Corps programs to facilitate the development of language skills in such languages among future officers of the Armed Forces.
“(5) Training and education programs to expand the pool of qualified instructors and educators on critical and strategic languages and regional area studies under the program for the Armed Forces.
“(6) Programs to facilitate and encourage the recruitment of native and heritage speakers of critical and strategic languages under the program into the Armed Forces and the civilian workforce of the Department of Defense and to support the Civilian Linguist Reserve Corps.
“(c)
“(d)
“(e)
“(1) A description of each language training center established under the program.
“(2) An assessment of the cost-effectiveness of the program in providing foundational expertise in critical and strategic languages and regional area studies in support of the Defense Language Transformation Roadmap.
“(3) An assessment of the progress made by each language training center in providing capabilities in critical and strategic languages under the program to members of the Armed Forces and Department of Defense employees.
“(4) A recommendation whether the program should be continued and, if so, recommendations as to any modifications of the program that the Secretary considers appropriate.”
Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title V, §550, Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4468, provided that:
“(a)
“(1) developing plans to improve the accessibility and flexibility of college courses available to eligible members of the Armed Forces;
“(2) improving the application process for the Armed Forces tuition assistance programs and raising awareness regarding educational opportunities available to such members;
“(3) developing curriculum, distance education programs, and career counseling designed to meet the professional, financial, academic, and social needs of such members; and
“(4) assessing how resources may be applied more effectively to meet the educational needs of such members.
“(b)
“(c)
Section, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 119, related to division of reserve components into training categories. See section 10141(c) of this title.
Repeal effective Dec. 1, 1994, except as otherwise provided, see section 1691 of Pub. L. 103–337, set out as an Effective Date note under section 10001 of this title.
(a) Notwithstanding section 701(b) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 4021(b)) or any other provision of law, and under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of Defense or, with respect to the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy, the Secretary of Homeland Security, language training may be provided in—
(1) a facility of the Department of Defense;
(2) a facility of the George P. Shultz National Foreign Affairs Training Center established under section 701(a) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 4021(a)); or
(3) a civilian educational institution;
to a dependent of a member of the armed forces in anticipation of the member's assignment to permanent duty outside the United States.
(b) In this section, the term “dependent” has the same meaning that it has under section 401 of title 37.
(Added Pub. L. 89–160, §1(1), Sept. 1, 1965, 79 Stat. 615; amended Pub. L. 91–278, §2(1), (2), June 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 306; Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2206(c)(1), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2162; Pub. L. 97–22, §11(a)(7), July 10, 1981, 95 Stat. 138; Pub. L. 98–525, title XIV, §1405(30), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2624; Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title XII, §1231(18)(A), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1161; Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, §1704(b)(1), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2314; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title X, §1045(a)(4), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1612.)
2003—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 108–136 substituted “George P. Shultz National Foreign Affairs Training Center” for “Foreign Service Institute”.
2002—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–296 substituted “of Homeland Security” for “of Transportation” in introductory provisions.
1987—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–180 inserted “the term” after “In this section,”.
1984—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–525 substituted “In this section,” for “For the purposes of this section, the word”.
1981—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–22 inserted “(22 U.S.C. 4021(b))” after “section 701(b) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980” in provisions preceding par. (1) and, in par. (2), inserted “(22 U.S.C. 4021(a))” after “section 701(a) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980”.
1980—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–465, in provisions preceding par. (1) substituted “section 701(b) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980” for “section 1041 of title 22” and in par. (2) substituted “section 701(a) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980” for “section 1041 of title 22”.
1970—Pub. L. 91–278, §2(1), substituted “armed forces” for “Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps” in section catchline.
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–278, §2(2)(A), authorized Secretary of Transportation to prescribe regulations for Coast Guard when not operating as a service in the Navy.
Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 91–278, §2(2)(B), substituted “armed forces” for “Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps”.
Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective on the date of transfer of the Coast Guard to the Department of Homeland Security, see section 1704(g) of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.
Amendment by Pub. L. 96–465 effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.
To be eligible to receive an aeronautical rating as a pilot in the Army or Air Force or be designated as a naval aviator, a member of an armed force must successfully complete an undergraduate pilot course of instruction prescribed or approved by the Secretary of his military department.
(Added Pub. L. 92–168, §4(1), Nov. 24, 1971, 85 Stat. 489.)
(a) The Secretary of each military department may, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, detail commissioned officers of the armed forces as students at accredited law schools, located in the United States, for a period of training leading to the degree of bachelor of laws or juris doctor. No more than twenty-five officers from each military department may commence such training in any single fiscal year.
(b) To be eligible for detail under subsection (a), an officer must be a citizen of the United States and must—
(1) have served on active duty for a period of not less than two years nor more than six years and be in the pay grade O–3 or below as of the time the training is to begin; and
(2) sign an agreement that unless sooner separated he will—
(A) complete the educational course of legal training;
(B) accept transfer or detail as a judge advocate or law specialist within the department concerned when his legal training is completed; and
(C) agree to serve on active duty following completion or other termination of training for a period of two years for each year or part thereof of his legal training under subsection (a).
(c) Officers detailed for legal training under subsection (a) shall be selected on a competitive basis by the Secretary of the military department concerned, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense. Any service obligation incurred by an officer under an agreement entered into under subsection (b) shall be in addition to any service obligation incurred by any such officer under any other provision of law or agreement.
(d) Expenses incident to the detail of officers under this section shall be paid from any funds appropriated for the military department concerned.
(e) An officer who, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, is dropped from the program of legal training authorized by subsection (a) for deficiency in conduct or studies, or for other reasons, may be required to perform active duty in an appropriate military capacity in accordance with the active duty obligation imposed by regulations issued by the Secretary of Defense, except that in no case shall any such member be required to serve on active duty for any period in excess of one year for each year or part thereof he participated in the program.
(f) No agreement detailing any officer of the armed forces to an accredited law school may be entered into during any period that the President is authorized by law to induct persons into the armed forces involuntarily. Nothing in this subsection shall affect any agreement entered into during any period when the President is not authorized by law to so induct persons into the armed forces.
(Added Pub. L. 93–155, title VIII, §817(a), Nov. 16, 1973, 87 Stat. 621; amended Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XIV, §1484(i)(3)(A), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1718.)
1990—Pub. L. 101–510 struck out “of the military departments” after “officers” in section catchline.
Pub. L. 94–106, title VIII, §821, Oct. 7, 1975, 89 Stat. 545, provided that: “Notwithstanding any provision of section 2004 of title 10 United States Code, an officer in any pay grade who was in a missing status (as defined in section 551(2) of title 37, United States Code) after August 4, 1964, and before May 8, 1975, may be selected for detail for legal training under that section 2004 on other than a competitive basis and, if selected for that training, is not counted in computing, for the purpose of subsection (a) of that section 2004, the number of officers who may commence that training in any single fiscal year. For the purposes of determining eligibility under that section 2004, the period of time during which an officer was in that missing status may be disregarded in computing the period he has served on active duty.”
(a)
(b)
(1) have served on active duty for a period of not less than two years nor more than six years and be in the pay grade O–3 or below as of the time the training is to begin; and
(2) sign an agreement that unless sooner separated the officer will—
(A) complete the educational course of medical training;
(B) accept transfer or detail as a medical officer within the military department concerned when the officer's training is completed; and
(C) agree to serve, following completion of the officer's training, on active duty (or on active duty and in the Selected Reserve) for a period as specified pursuant to subsection (c).
(c)
(d)
(e)
(2) If an officer detailed to be a medical student has prior active service in a pay grade and with years of service credited for pay that would entitle the officer, if the officer remained in the former grade, to a rate of basic pay in excess of the rate of basic pay for regular officers in the grade of second lieutenant or ensign, the officer shall be paid basic pay based on the former grade and years of service credited for pay. The amount of such basic pay for the officer shall be increased on January 1 of each year by the percentage by which basic pay is increased on average on that date for that year, and the officer shall continue to receive basic pay based on the former grade and years of service until the date, whether occurring before or after graduation, on which the basic pay for the officer in the officer's actual grade and years of service credited for pay exceeds the amount of basic pay to which the officer is entitled based on the officer's former grade and years of service.
(f)
(g)
(h)
(2) In no case shall an officer be required to serve on active duty under paragraph (1) for any period in excess of one year for each year or part thereof the officer participated in the program.
(i)
(Added Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title V, §536(a), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2207; amended Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title V, §524(c), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 104; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title X, §1073(a)(18), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2473.)
2009—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 111–84, §1073(a)(18)(A), substituted “pay grade O–3” for “pay grade 0–3”.
Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 111–84, §1073(a)(18)(B), inserted period at end.
2008—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–181, §524(c)(2), substituted “subsection (b)” for “subsection (c)”.
Subsecs. (e) to (i). Pub. L. 110–181, §524(c)(1), added subsec. (e) and redesignated former subsecs. (e) to (h) as (f) to (i), respectively.
(a)
(b)
(1) have served on active duty for a period of not less than two years nor more than six years and be in the pay grade O–3 or below as of the time the training is to begin; and
(2) sign an agreement that unless sooner separated the officer will—
(A) complete the educational course of psychological training;
(B) accept transfer or detail as a commissioned officer within the military department concerned when the officer's training is completed; and
(C) agree to serve, following completion of the officer's training, on active duty (or on active duty and in the Selected Reserve) for a period as specified pursuant to subsection (c).
(c)
(2) The agreement of an officer may authorize the officer to serve a portion of the officer's service obligation on active duty and to complete the service obligation that remains upon separation from active duty in the Selected Reserve. Under any such agreement, an officer shall serve three years in the Selected Reserve for each year or part thereof of the officer's training under subsection (a) for any service obligation that was not completed before separation from active duty.
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(2) In no case shall an officer be required to serve on active duty under paragraph (1) for any period in excess of one year for each year or part thereof the officer participated in the program.
(h)
(Added Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title V, §521(a), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2283; amended Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title X, §1075(b)(26), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4370.)
2011—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 111–383 substituted “pay grade O–3” for “pay grade 0–3”.
(a) The Secretary concerned may require, as a condition to the Secretary providing advanced education assistance to any person, that such person enter into a written agreement with the Secretary concerned under the terms of which such person shall agree—
(1) to complete the educational requirements specified in the agreement and to serve on active duty for a period specified in the agreement;
(2) that if such person fails to complete the education requirements specified in the agreement, such person will serve on active duty for a period specified in the agreement;
(3) that if such person does not complete the period of active duty specified in the agreement, or does not fulfill any term or condition prescribed pursuant to paragraph (4), such person shall be subject to the repayment provisions of section 303a(e) of title 37; and
(4) to such other terms and conditions as the Secretary concerned may prescribe to protect the interest of the United States.
(b) The Secretary concerned shall determine the period of active duty to be served by any person for advanced education assistance to be provided such person by an armed force, except that if the period of active duty required to be served is specified under another provision of law with respect to the advanced education assistance to be provided, the period specified in the agreement referred to in subsection (a) shall be the same as the period specified in such other provision of law.
(c) As a condition of the Secretary concerned providing financial assistance under section 2107 or 2107a of this title to any person, the Secretary concerned shall require that the person enter into the agreement described in subsection (a). In addition to the requirements of paragraphs (1) through (4) of such subsection, the agreement shall specify that, if the person does not complete the education requirements specified in the agreement or does not fulfill any term or condition prescribed pursuant to paragraph (4) of such subsection, the person shall be subject to the repayment provisions of section 303a(e) of title 37 without the Secretary first ordering such person to active duty as provided for under subsection (a)(2) and sections 2107(f) and 2107a(f) of this title.
(d) In this section:
(1) The term “advanced education” means education or training above the secondary school level but does not include technical training provided to a member of the armed forces to qualify such member to perform a specified military function, to workshops, or to short-term training programs.
(2) The term “assistance” means the direct provision of any course of advanced education by the Secretary concerned, reimbursement by the Secretary concerned for any course of advanced education provided by another department or agency of the Federal Government, or the payment, in whole or in part, by the Secretary concerned for any course of advanced education provided by any public or private educational institution or other entity, but such term does not include the payment for any course of advanced education which is paid for under chapter 106 or 107 of this title.
(3) The term “cost of advanced education” means those costs which are, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned, directly attributable to the education of the person to whom a course of advanced education is provided, including the cost of tuition and other fees (or, if none is charged, an amount determined by the Secretary concerned to be a reasonable charge for the education provided), the cost of books, supplies, transportation, and miscellaneous expenses, and the cost of room and board, but such term does not include pay or allowances under title 37 or a stipend under section 2121 of this title.
(Added Pub. L. 96–357, §2(a), Sept. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 1180; amended Pub. L. 98–94, title X, §1003(b)(1), title XII, §1268(10), Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 656, 706; Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title XII, §1231(17), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1161; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title V, §534, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1564; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title V, §573(a), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1673; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title VI, §687(c)(2), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3333.)
2006—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 109–163, §687(c)(2)(A), added par. (3) and struck out former par. (3) which read as follows: “that if such person, voluntarily or because of misconduct, fails to complete the period of active duty specified in the agreement, or fails to fulfill any term or condition prescribed pursuant to clause (4), such person will reimburse the United States in an amount that bears the same ratio to the total cost of advanced education provided such person as the unserved portion of active duty bears to the total period of active duty such person agreed to serve; and”.
Subsecs. (c) to (h). Pub. L. 109–163, §687(c)(2)(B)–(D), added subsec. (c), redesignated former subsec. (e) as (d), and struck out former subsecs. (c), (d), and (f) to (h) relating to the obligation to reimburse the United States under an advanced education assistance agreement in subsec. (c), the effect of a discharge in bankruptcy under title 11 in subsec. (d), requirements for providing financial assistance in subsec. (f), failure to complete a period of active duty specified in an agreement in subsec. (g), and modification of agreements by the Secretary concerned in subsec. (h).
1993—Subsecs. (g), (h). Pub. L. 103–160 added subsecs. (g) and (h).
1990—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 101–510, §534(1), inserted “or fails to fulfill any term or condition prescribed pursuant to clause (4),” after “agreement,”.
Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 101–510, §534(2), inserted “or fails to fulfill any term or condition prescribed pursuant to clause (4) of such subsection,” after “agreement,”.
1987—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 100–180, §1231(17), inserted “The term” after each par. designation and revised first word in quotes in each par. to make initial letter of such word lowercase.
1983—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–94, §1268(10)(A), struck out “of this section” after “subsection (d)” and “subsection (a)”.
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 98–94, §1268(10)(A), struck out “of this section” after “subsection (a)”.
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 98–94, §1268(10)(B), substituted a colon for a dash after “In this section” preceding par. (1).
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 98–94, §1003(b)(1), added subsec. (f).
Section 573(b) of Pub. L. 103–160 provided that:
“(1) Subsection (g) of section 2005 of title 10, United States Code, as added by subsection (a), shall apply with respect to persons separated from the Armed Forces after the end of the six-month period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 30, 1993].
“(2) Subsection (h) of such section, as added by subsection (a), shall apply with respect to persons separated from the Armed Forces after the date of the enactment of this Act.”
Section 1003(b)(2) of Pub. L. 98–94 provided that: “The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to agreements entered into after September 30, 1983.”
For savings provision relating to payment or repayment of any bonus, incentive pay, special pay, or similar pay obligated to be paid before Apr. 1, 2006, under a provision of this section amended by section 687(c) of Pub. L. 109–163, see section 687(f) of Pub. L. 109–163, set out as a note under section 510 of this title.
(a) There is established on the books of the Treasury a fund to be known as the Department of Defense Education Benefits Fund (hereinafter in this section referred to as the “Fund”), which shall be administered by the Secretary of the Treasury. The Fund shall be used for the accumulation of funds in order to finance armed forces education liabilities on an actuarially sound basis.
(b) In this section:
(1) The term “armed forces education liabilities” means liabilities of the armed forces for benefits under chapter 30 or 33 of title 38 and for Department of Defense benefits under paragraphs (3) and (4) of section 510(e) and chapters 1606 and 1607 of this title, including funds provided by the Secretary of Homeland Security for education liabilities for the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Department of the Navy.
(2) The term “normal cost”, with respect to any period of time, means the total of the following:
(A) The present value of the future benefits payable from the Fund for amounts attributable to increased amounts of educational assistance authorized under section 3015(d) of title 38 to persons who were not on active duty on July 1, 1985, and who during such period enter on active duty.
(B) The present value of the future benefits payable from the Fund for amounts attributable to educational assistance authorized under subchapter III of chapter 30 of title 38 to persons who were not on active duty on July 1, 1985, and who during such period—
(i) enter a fourth year of active duty, in the case of persons eligible for basic educational assistance under section 3011 of such title; or
(ii) enter a period of service that will establish entitlement to such educational assistance under section 3021(b) of such title, in the case of persons eligible for basic educational assistance under section 3012 of such title.
(C) The present value of the future Department of Defense benefits payable from the Fund (including funds from the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating) for educational assistance under chapters 1606 and 1607 of this title to persons who during such period become entitled to such assistance.
(D) The present value of future benefits payable from the Fund for the Department of Defense portion of payments of educational assistance under subchapter II of chapter 30 of title 38 attributable to increased usage of benefits as a result of transfers of entitlement to basic educational assistance under section 3020 of that title during such period.
(E) 1 The present value of future benefits payable from the Fund for educational assistance under paragraphs (3) and (4) of section 510(e) of this title to persons who during such period become entitled to such assistance.
(E) 1 The present value of any future benefits payable from the Fund for amounts attributable to increased amounts of educational assistance authorized by section 3316 of title 38.
(c) There shall be deposited into the Fund the following, which shall constitute the assets of the Fund:
(1) Amounts paid into the Fund by the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating under subsection (f).
(2) Any amount appropriated to the Fund.
(3) Any return on investment of the assets of the Fund.
(d) The Secretary of the Treasury shall transfer from the Fund to the Secretary of Veterans Affairs such amounts as may be necessary to enable the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to make required payments of armed forces education liabilities. The Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating, and the Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall enter into an agreement as to how and when, and the amounts in which, such transfers shall be made. Except for investments under subsection (h), amounts in the Fund may not be used for any purpose other than transfers as described in this subsection.
(e)(1) The Secretary of Defense shall carry out periodic actuarial valuations of the educational programs described in subsection (b)(1).
(2) Based on the most recent such valuation, the Secretary of Defense shall estimate the normal cost for the next fiscal year.
(3) If at the time of any such valuation there has been a change in benefits under an education program described in subsection (b)(1) that has been made since the last such valuation and that increases or decreases the present value of benefits payable from the Fund, the Secretary of Defense shall determine an amortization methodology and schedule for the liquidation of the unfunded liability (or negative unfunded liability) thus created such that the present value of the sum of the amortization payments equals the increase or decrease in the present value of such benefits.
(4) If at the time of any such valuation the Secretary of Defense determines that, based upon changes in actuarial assumptions since the last valuation, there has been an actuarial gain or loss to the Fund, the Secretary shall determine an amortization methodology and schedule for the liquidation of such gain or loss through an increase or decrease in the payments that would otherwise be made to the Fund.
(5) Based on the determinations under paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) the Secretary of Defense shall determine the amount needed to be appropriated to the Department of Defense and the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating for the next fiscal year for payments to be made to the Fund under subsection (f). The President shall include not less than the full amount so determined in the budget transmitted to Congress for the next fiscal year under section 1105 of title 31. The President may comment and make recommendations concerning any such amount.
(6) All determinations under this subsection shall be made using methods and assumptions approved by the Board of Actuaries (including assumptions of interest rates and inflation) and in accordance with generally accepted actuarial principles and practices.
(f)(1) The Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating shall pay into the Fund each month the amount that, based upon the most recent actuarial valuation of the education programs described in subsection (b)(1), is equal to the actual total normal cost for the preceding month.
(2) The Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating shall pay into the Fund at the beginning of each fiscal year (or as soon thereafter as appropriations are available for such purpose) the sum of the following:
(A) The amount of the payment for that year, if any, for the amortization of any liability to the Fund resulting from a change in benefits, as determined by the Secretary of Defense under subsection (e)(3).
(B) The amount of the payment for that year, if any, for the amortization of any actuarial gain or loss to the Fund, as determined by the Secretary of Defense under subsection (e)(4).
(3) Amounts paid into the Fund under this subsection shall be paid from appropriations available for the pay of members of the armed forces under the jurisdiction of the Secretary concerned.
(g) The Secretary of the Treasury shall invest such portion of the Fund as is not in the judgment of the Secretary required to meet current withdrawals. Such investments shall be in public debt securities with maturities suitable to the needs of the Fund, as determined by the Secretary, and bearing interest at rates determined by the Secretary, taking into consideration current market yields on outstanding marketable obligations of the United States of comparable maturities. The income on such investments shall be credited to and form a part of the Fund.
(Added Pub. L. 98–525, title VII, §706(a)(1), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2568; amended Pub. L. 100–26, §7(k)(2), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 284; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XVI, §1621(a)(2), (6), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1603; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XIII, §1322(a)(2), title XIV, §1484(j)(2), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1671, 1718; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title X, §1070(e)(6), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2859; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, §§1501(c)(21), 1503(a)(17), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 499, 512; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, §550, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 611; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title VI, §654(b), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1157; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title V, §535(b), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1474; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, §527(b)(1), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1894; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title X, §1071(a)(9), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2398; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title IX, §906(b)(2), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 277; Pub. L. 111–377, title I, §109(b)(2), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 4120.)
2011—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 111–377, §109(b)(2)(A), inserted “or 33” after “chapter 30”.
Subsec. (b)(2)(E). Pub. L. 111–377, §109(b)(2)(B), added subpar. (E) relating to amounts attributable to increased amounts of educational assistance authorized by section 3316 of title 38.
2008—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 110–181, §906(b)(2)(A), substituted “subsection (f)” for “subsection (g)”.
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 110–181, §906(b)(2)(B), (C), redesignated subsec. (f) as (e) and struck out former subsec. (e) which established in the Department of Defense a Department of Defense Education Benefits Board of Actuaries.
Subsec. (e)(5). Pub. L. 110–181, §906(b)(2)(D), substituted “subsection (f)” for “subsection (g)”.
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 110–181, §906(b)(2)(C), redesignated subsec. (g) as (f). Former subsec. (f) redesignated (e).
Subsec. (f)(2)(A). Pub. L. 110–181, §906(b)(2)(E)(i), substituted “subsection (e)(3)” for “subsection (f)(3)”.
Subsec. (f)(2)(B). Pub. L. 110–181, §906(b)(2)(E)(ii), substituted “subsection (e)(4)” for “subsection (f)(4)”.
Subsecs. (g), (h). Pub. L. 110–181, §906(b)(2)(C), redesignated subsec. (h) as (g). Former subsec. (g) redesignated (f).
2006—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 109–364 inserted “of this title” after “1607” and struck out “of this title” before period at end.
2004—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 108–375, §527(b)(1)(A), substituted “chapters 1606 and 1607, including funds provided by the Secretary of Homeland Security for education liabilities for the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Department of the Navy” for “chapter 1606”.
Subsec. (b)(2)(C). Pub. L. 108–375, §527(b)(1)(B), substituted “(including funds from the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating) for educational assistance under chapters 1606 and 1607” for “for educational assistance under chapter 1606”.
2003—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 108–136, §535(b)(1), inserted “paragraphs (3) and (4) of section 510(e) and” after “Department of Defense benefits under”.
Subsec. (b)(2)(E). Pub. L. 108–136, §535(b)(2), added subpar. (E).
2001—Subsec. (b)(2)(D). Pub. L. 107–107 added subpar. (D).
1999—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–65, §550(1), substituted “armed forces education liabilities” for “Department of Defense education liabilities”.
Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 106–65, §550(2), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: “The term ‘Department of Defense education liabilities’ means liabilities of the Department of Defense for benefits under chapter 30 of title 38 and for benefits under chapter 1606 of this title.”
Subsec. (b)(2)(C). Pub. L. 106–65, §550(3), inserted “Department of Defense” after “future” and substituted “chapter 1606” for “chapter 106”.
Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 106–65, §550(4), inserted “and the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating” after “Defense”.
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 106–65, §550(5), substituted “armed forces” for “Department of Defense” and inserted “the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating,” after “Secretary of Defense,”.
Subsec. (f)(5). Pub. L. 106–65, §550(6), inserted “and the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating” after “Department of Defense”.
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 106–65, §550(7), inserted “and the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating” after “The Secretary of Defense” in pars. (1) and (2) and substituted “concerned” for “of a military department” in par. (3).
1996—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 104–106, §1501(c)(21), substituted “chapter 1606 of this title” for “chapter 106 of this title”.
Subsec. (b)(2)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 104–106, §1503(a)(17), substituted “section 3012 of such title” for “section 1412 of such title”.
1994—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 103–337 substituted “section 3015(d)”, “section 3011”, and “section 3021(b)” for “section 1415(c)”, “section 1411”, and “section 1421(b)”, respectively.
1990—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–510, §1484(j)(2), substituted “enable the Secretary of Veterans Affairs” for “enable the Administrator”.
Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 101–510, §1322(a)(2), substituted “and shall recommend to the President and Congress” for “and report periodically, not less than once every four years, to the President and Congress on the status of the Fund and shall recommend”.
1989—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–189 substituted “Secretary of Veterans Affairs” for “Administrator of Veterans’ Affairs” in first sentence and “Secretary of Veterans Affairs” for “Administrator” in second sentence.
1987—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–26 inserted “The term” after each par. designation and substituted “normal” for “Normal” in par. (2).
Pub. L. 111–377, title I, §109(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 4120, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 3316 of Title 38, Veterans’ Benefits] shall take effect on August 1, 2011.”
Section 1501(c) of Pub. L. 104–106 provided that the amendment made by that section is effective as of Dec. 1, 1994, and as if included as an amendment made by the Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act, title XVI of Pub. L. 103–337, as originally enacted.
For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.
References in laws to the rates of pay for GS–16, 17, or 18, or to maximum rates of pay under the General Schedule, to be considered references to rates payable under specified sections of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, see section 529 [title I, §101(c)(1)] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out in a note under section 5376 of Title 5.
Section 706(b) of Pub. L. 98–525 directed that first payment into Department of Defense Education Benefits Fund under this section be made not later than three months after Board of Actuaries determined amounts needed to be paid into Fund for that portion of fiscal year 1985 beginning on July 1, 1985, with first payment in a lump sum equal to total of amounts that would have been paid to Fund each month between July 1, 1985, and time such first payment was made.
1 So in original. Two subpars. (E) have been enacted.
(a) Subject to subsections (b) and (c), the Secretary concerned may pay all or a portion of the charges of an educational institution for the tuition or expenses of a member of the armed forces enrolled in such educational institution for education or training during the member's off-duty periods.
(b)(1) In the case of a commissioned officer on active duty (other than a member of the Ready Reserve), the Secretary concerned may not pay charges under subsection (a) unless the officer agrees to remain on active duty for a period of at least two years after the completion of the training or education for which the charges are paid.
(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the Secretary concerned may reduce or waive the active duty service obligation—
(A) in the case of a commissioned officer who is subject to mandatory separation;
(B) in the case of a commissioned officer who has completed the period of active duty service for which the officer was ordered to active duty in support of a contingency operation; or
(C) in other exigent circumstances as determined by the Secretary concerned.
(c)(1) Subject to paragraphs (3) and (5), the Secretary concerned may pay the charges of an educational institution for the tuition or expenses described in subsection (a) of a member of the Selected Reserve.
(2) Subject to paragraphs (4) and (5), the Secretary concerned may pay the charges of an educational institution for the tuition or expenses described in subsection (a) of a member of the Individual Ready Reserve who has a military occupational specialty designated by the Secretary concerned for purposes of this subsection.
(3) The Secretary concerned may not pay charges under paragraph (1) for tuition or expenses of an officer of the Selected Reserve unless the officer enters into an agreement to remain a member of the Selected Reserve for at least 4 years after completion of the education or training for which the charges are paid.
(4) The Secretary concerned may not pay charges under paragraph (2) for tuition or expenses of an officer of the Individual Ready Reserve unless the officer enters into an agreement to remain in the Selected Reserve or Individual Ready Reserve for at least 4 years after completion of the education or training for which the charges are paid.
(5) The Secretary of a military department may require an enlisted member of the Selected Reserve or Individual Ready Reserve to enter into an agreement to serve for up to 4 years in the Selected Reserve or Individual Ready Reserve, as the case may be, after completion of the education or training for which tuition or expenses are paid under paragraph (1) or (2), as applicable.
(d)(1) A member of the armed forces who is entitled to basic educational assistance under chapter 30 of title 38 may use such entitlement for purposes of paying any portion of the charges described in subsection (a) or (c) that are not paid for by the Secretary of the military department concerned under such subsection.
(2) The use of entitlement under paragraph (1) shall be governed by the provisions of section 3014(b) of title 38.
(e)(1) If an officer who enters into an agreement under subsection (b) does not complete the period of active duty specified in the agreement, the officer shall be subject to the repayment provisions of section 303a(e) of title 37.
(2) If a member of the Ready Reserve who enters into an agreement under subsection (c) does not complete the period of service specified in the agreement, the member shall be subject to the repayment provisions of section 303a(e) of title 37.
(f) This section shall be administered under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense or, with respect to the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy, the Secretary of Homeland Security.
(Added Pub. L. 98–525, title XIV, §1401(g)(1), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2618; amended Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title VI, §651(a), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3887; Pub. L. 100–26, §3(4), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 273; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XIV, §1484(i)(4)(A), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1718; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title VI, §632, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1684; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title VI, §675, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 675; Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XVI, §1602(a), (b)(1)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–358, 1654A–359; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, §553(a), (b), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1912; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title VI, §687(c)(3), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3334; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title V, §521(a)–(d), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 100–102.)
Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in the following appropriation acts:
Pub. L. 98–473, title I, §101(h) [title VIII, §8017], Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1904, 1926.
Pub. L. 98–212, title VII, §720, Dec. 8, 1983, 97 Stat. 1441.
Pub. L. 97–377, title I, §101(c) [title VII, §721], Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1833, 1854.
Pub. L. 97–114, title VII, §721, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1582.
Pub. L. 96–527, title VII, §722, Dec. 15, 1980, 94 Stat. 3084.
Pub. L. 96–154, title VII, §722, Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1156.
Pub. L. 95–457, title VIII, §822, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1247.
Pub. L. 95–111, title VIII, §821, Sept. 21, 1977, 91 Stat. 903.
Pub. L. 94–419, title VII, §721, Sept. 22, 1976, 90 Stat. 1295.
Pub. L. 94–212, title VII, §721, Feb. 9, 1976, 90 Stat. 172.
Pub. L. 93–437, title VIII, §821, Oct. 8, 1974, 88 Stat. 1228.
Pub. L. 93–238, title VII, §722, Jan. 2, 1974, 87 Stat. 1042.
Pub. L. 92–570, title VII, §722, Oct. 26, 1972, 86 Stat. 1200.
Pub. L. 92–204, title VII, §722, Dec. 18, 1971, 85 Stat. 731.
Pub. L. 91–668, title VIII, §822, Jan. 11, 1971, 84 Stat. 2034.
Pub. L. 91–171, title VI, §622, Dec. 29, 1969, 83 Stat. 483.
Pub. L. 90–580, title V, §521, Oct. 17, 1968, 82 Stat. 1133.
Pub. L. 90–96, title VI, §621, Sept. 29, 1967, 81 Stat. 246.
Pub. L. 89–687, title VI, §621, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 995.
Pub. L. 89–213, title VI, §621, Sept. 29, 1965, 79 Stat. 877.
Pub. L. 88–446, title V, §521, Aug. 19, 1964, 78 Stat. 478.
Pub. L. 88–149, title V, §521, Oct. 17, 1963, 77 Stat. 267.
Pub. L. 87–577, title V, §521, Aug. 9, 1962, 76 Stat. 332.
Pub. L. 87–144, title VI, §621, Aug. 17, 1961, 75 Stat. 379.
Pub. L. 86–601, title V, §521, July 7, 1960, 74 Stat. 353.
Pub. L. 86–166, title V, §621, Aug. 18, 1959, 73 Stat. 382.
Pub. L. 85–724, title VI, §623, Aug. 22, 1958, 72 Stat. 727.
Pub. L. 85–117, title VI, §624, Aug. 2, 1957, 71 Stat. 327.
July 2, 1956, ch. 488, title VI, §624, 70 Stat. 471.
July 13, 1955, ch. 358, title VI, §628, 69 Stat. 320.
June 30, 1954, ch. 432, title VII, §730, 68 Stat. 355.
2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–181, §521(a), substituted “Subject to subsections (b) and (c), the Secretary concerned” for “Subject to subsection (b), the Secretary of a military department”.
Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 110–181, §521(b)(1), struck out “or full-time National Guard duty” after “active duty” in two places, inserted “(other than a member of the Ready Reserve)” after “commissioned officer on active duty”, and substituted “the Secretary concerned” for “the Secretary of the military department”.
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 110–181, §521(b)(2)(A), substituted “the Secretary concerned” for “the Secretary of the military department” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 110–181, §521(b)(2)(B), inserted “for which the officer was ordered to active duty” after “active duty service”.
Subsec. (b)(2)(C). Pub. L. 110–181, §521(b)(2)(C), substituted “Secretary concerned” for “Secretary”.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–181, §521(c)(1), amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (c) consisted of pars. (1) to (3) which authorized Secretary of the Army, subject to certain limitations, to pay the charges of an educational institution for the tuition or expenses of an officer in the Selected Reserve of the Army National Guard or the Army Reserve for education or training of such officer.
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–181, §521(c)(2), redesignated subsec. (e) as (d) and struck out former subsec. (d) which read as follows: “Subsection (c)(3) may not be construed to prohibit the Secretary of a military department from exercising any authority that the Secretary may have to pay charges of an educational institution in the case of—
“(1) a warrant officer on active duty or full-time National Guard duty;
“(2) a commissioned officer on full-time National Guard duty; or
“(3) a commissioned officer on active duty who satisfies the condition in subsection (b) relating to an agreement to remain on active duty.”
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 110–181, §521(c)(3), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).
Pub. L. 110–181, §521(c)(2)(B), redesignated subsec. (f) as (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (d).
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 110–181, §521(d), added subsec. (f).
Pub. L. 110–181, §521(c)(2)(B), redesignated subsec. (f) as (e).
2006—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 109–163 added subsec. (f).
2004—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–375, §553(a), designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted “or full-time National Guard duty” after “active duty” in two places, and added par. (2).
Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 108–375, §553(b), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: “Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), the Secretary of the Army may pay not more than 75 percent of the charges of an educational institution for the tuition or expenses of an officer in the Selected Reserve of the Army National Guard or the Army Reserve for education or training of such officer in a program leading to a baccalaureate degree.”
2000—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XVI, §1602(a)(1)], added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a) which read as follows: “The Secretary of a military department may not pay more than 75 percent of the charges of an educational institution for the tuition or expenses of a member of the armed forces enrolled in such institution for education or training during his off-duty periods, except that—
“(1) in the case of an enlisted member in the pay grade of E–5 or higher with less than 14 years’ service, not more than 90 percent of the charges may be paid;
“(2) in the case of a member enrolled in a high school completion program, all of the charges may be paid;
“(3) in the case of a commissioned officer on active duty, no part of the charges may be paid unless the officer agrees to remain on active duty for a period of at least two years after the completion of the training or education; and
“(4) in the case of a member serving in a contingency operation or similar operational mission (other than for training) designated by the Secretary concerned, all of the charges may be paid.”
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XVI, §1602(a)(1)], added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which read as follows: “The limitation in subsection (a) does not apply to the Program for Afloat College Education.”
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XVI, §1602(a)(2)(A)], struck out “(within the limits set forth in subsection (a))” after “educational institution” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XVI, §1602(a)(2)(B)], substituted “subsection (b)” for “subsection (a)(3)”.
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XVI, §1602(b)(1)], added subsec. (e).
1999—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 106–65 added par. (4).
1993—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–160 added subsec. (d).
1990—Pub. L. 101–510 substituted “Payment” for “Limitation on payment” in section catchline.
1987—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–26 made technical amendment to directory language of Pub. L. 99–661, §651(a)(2). See 1986 Amendment note below.
1986—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 99–661, §651(a)(1), inserted “on active duty”.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–661, §651(a)(2), as amended by Pub. L. 100–26, added subsec. (c).
Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, §553(c), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1913, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] may, at the discretion of the Secretary concerned, be applied to a service obligation incurred by an officer serving on active duty as of the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 28, 2004].”
Amendment by Pub. L. 100–26 applicable as if included in Pub. L. 99–661 when enacted on Nov. 14, 1986, see section 12(a) of Pub. L. 100–26, set out as a note under section 776 of this title.
Section 651(c) of Pub. L. 99–661 provided that: “Subsection (c) of section 2007 of title 10, United States Code, as added by subsection (a), shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 14, 1986].”
Section effective Oct. 1, 1985, see section 1404 of Pub. L. 98–525, set out as a note under section 520b of this title.
For savings provision relating to payment or repayment of any bonus, incentive pay, special pay, or similar pay obligated to be paid before Apr. 1, 2006, under a provision of this section amended by section 687(c) of Pub. L. 109–163, see section 687(f) of Pub. L. 109–163, set out as a note under section 510 of this title.
Pub. L. 104–61, title VIII, §8019, Dec. 1, 1995, 109 Stat. 655, provided that: “Funds appropriated for the Department of Defense during the current fiscal year and hereafter shall be available for the payment of not more than 75 percent of the charges of a postsecondary educational institution for the tuition or expenses of an officer in the Ready Reserve of the Army National Guard or Army Reserve for education or training during his off-duty periods, except that no part of the charges may be paid unless the officer agrees to remain a member of the Ready Reserve for at least four years after completion of such training or education.”
Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:
Pub. L. 103–335, title VIII, §8019, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2621.
Pub. L. 103–139, title VIII, §8021, Nov. 11, 1993, 107 Stat. 1441.
Pub. L. 102–396, title IX, §9025, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1906.
Pub. L. 102–172, title VIII, §8025, Nov. 26, 1991, 105 Stat. 1177.
Pub. L. 101–511, title VIII, §8025, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1880.
Pub. L. 101–165, title IX, §9035, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1136.
Pub. L. 100–463, title VIII, §8059, Oct. 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 2270–27.
Pub. L. 100–202, §101(b) [title VIII, §8072], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–43, 1329–74.
Pub. L. 99–500, §101(c) [title IX, §9076], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–82, 1783–114, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(c) [title IX, §9076], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–82, 3341–114.
Pub. L. 99–190, §101(b) [title VIII, §8086], Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1185, 1216.
Funds appropriated to the Department of Defense may be used to carry out construction, as defined in section 8013(3) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7713(3)), or to carry out section 8008 of such Act (20 U.S.C. 7708), relating to the provision of assistance to certain school facilities under the impact aid program.
(Added Pub. L. 98–525, title XIV, §1401(g)(1), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2618; amended Pub. L. 104–106, div. B, title XXVIII, §2891, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 590.)
1996—Pub. L. 104–106 substituted “construction, as defined in section 8013(3) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7713(3)), or to carry out section 8008 of such Act (20 U.S.C. 7708), relating to the provision of assistance to certain school facilities under the impact aid program.” for “section 10 of the Act of September 23, 1950 (20 U.S.C. 640), relating to impact aid authorization.”
Section effective Oct. 1, 1985, see section 1404 of Pub. L. 98–525, set out as a note under section 520b of this title.
(a) Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, any college or university designated by the Secretary of Defense as a military college shall, as a condition of maintaining such designation, provide that qualified female undergraduate students enrolled in such college or university be eligible to participate in military training at such college or university.
(b) Regulations prescribed under subsection (a) may not require a college or university, as a condition of maintaining its designation as a military college or for any other purpose, to require female undergraduate students enrolled in such college or university to participate in military training.
(Added Pub. L. 98–525, title XIV, §1401(g)(1), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2619.)
Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in Pub. L. 95–485, title VIII, §809, Oct. 20, 1978, 92 Stat. 1623, which was set out as a note under section 2102 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 98–525, §§1403(b), 1404.
Section effective Oct. 1, 1985, see section 1404 of Pub. L. 98–525, set out as a note under section 520b of this title.
(a) The Secretary of Defense, after consultation with the Secretary of State, may pay the incremental expenses of a developing country that are incurred by that country as the direct result of participation in a bilateral or multilateral military exercise if—
(1) the exercise is undertaken primarily to enhance the security interests of the United States; and
(2) the Secretary of Defense determines that the participation by such country is necessary to the achievement of the fundamental objectives of the exercise and that those objectives cannot be achieved unless the United States provides the incremental expenses incurred by such country.
(b) The Secretary of Defense shall establish by regulation such accounting procedures as may be necessary to ensure that funds expended under this section are properly expended.
(c) Funds available to carry out this section shall be available, to the extent provided in appropriations Acts, for bilateral or multilateral military exercises that begin in a fiscal year and end in the following fiscal year.
(d) In this section, the term “incremental expenses” means the reasonable and proper cost of the goods and services that are consumed by a developing country as a direct result of that country's participation in a bilateral or multilateral military exercise with the United States, including rations, fuel, training ammunition, and transportation. Such term does not include pay, allowances, and other normal costs of such country's personnel.
(Added Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title XIII, §1321(a)(1), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3988; amended Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title X, §1073(a)(35), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1902; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title XII, §1203(a), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4622; Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title X, §1061(12), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1583.)
2011—Subsecs. (b) to (e). Pub. L. 112–81 redesignated subsecs. (c) to (e) as (b) to (d), respectively, and struck out former subsec. (b) which read as follows: “The Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a report each year, not later than March 1, containing—
“(1) a list of the developing countries for which expenses have been paid by the United States under this section during the preceding year; and
“(2) the amounts expended on behalf of each government.”
2008—Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 110–417 added subsec. (d) and redesignated former subsec. (d) as (e).
1997—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–85 struck out subsec. (e) which read as follows: “Not more than $13,400,000 may be obligated or expended for the purposes of this section during fiscal years 1987 through 1991.”
Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title XII, §1203(b), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4622, provided that: “The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on October 1, 2008, and shall apply with respect to bilateral and multilateral military exercises described in section 2010 of title 10, United States Code, as so amended, that begin on or after that date.”
(a)
(1) Expenses of training special operations forces assigned to that command in conjunction with training, and training with, armed forces and other security forces of a friendly foreign country.
(2) Expenses of deploying such special operations forces for that training.
(3) In the case of training in conjunction with a friendly developing country, the incremental expenses incurred by that country as the direct result of such training.
(b)
(c)
(d)
(1) The term “special operations forces” includes civil affairs forces and military information support operations forces.
(2) The term “incremental expenses”, with respect to a developing country, means the reasonable and proper cost of rations, fuel, training ammunition, transportation, and other goods and services consumed by such country, except that the term does not include pay, allowances, and other normal costs of such country's personnel.
(e)
(1) All countries in which that training was conducted.
(2) The type of training conducted, including whether such training was related to counter-narcotics or counter-terrorism activities, the duration of that training, the number of members of the armed forces involved, and expenses paid.
(3) The extent of participation by foreign military forces, including the number and service affiliation of foreign military personnel involved and physical and financial contribution of each host nation to the training effort.
(4) The relationship of that training to other overseas training programs conducted by the armed forces, such as military exercise programs sponsored by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, military exercise programs sponsored by a combatant command, and military training activities sponsored by a military department (including deployments for training, short duration exercises, and other similar unit training events).
(5) A summary of the expenditures under this section resulting from the training for which expenses were paid under this section.
(6) A discussion of the unique military training benefit to United States special operations forces derived from the training activities for which expenses were paid under this section.
(Added Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title X, §1052(a)(1), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1470; amended Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, §1503(a)(18), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 512; Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title X, §1062, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2129; Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title X, §1086(2), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1603.)
2011—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 112–81 substituted “military information support operations” for “psychological operations”.
1998—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–261, §1062(a), inserted after first sentence “The regulations shall require that training activities may be carried out under this section only with the prior approval of the Secretary of Defense.”
Subsec. (e)(5), (6). Pub. L. 105–261, §1062(b), added pars. (5) and (6).
1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–106 substituted “
(a)
(1) such assistance is authorized by a provision of law (other than this section); or
(2) the provision of such assistance is incidental to military training.
(b)
(1) apply to the provision by the Secretary concerned, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, of customary community relations and public affairs activities conducted in accordance with Department of Defense policy; or
(2) prohibit the Secretary concerned from encouraging members of the armed forces under the Secretary's jurisdiction to provide volunteer support for community relations activities under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense.
(c)
(1) the assistance is requested by a responsible official of the organization to which the assistance is to be provided; and
(2) the assistance is not reasonably available from a commercial entity or (if so available) the official submitting the request for assistance certifies that the commercial entity that would otherwise provide such services has agreed to the provision of such services by the armed forces.
(d)
(A) The provision of such assistance—
(i) in the case of assistance by a unit, will accomplish valid unit training requirements; and
(ii) in the case of assistance by an individual member, will involve tasks directly related to the specific military occupational specialty of the member.
(B) The provision of such assistance will not adversely affect the quality of training or otherwise interfere with the ability of a member or unit of the armed forces to perform the military functions of the member or unit.
(C) The provision of such assistance will not result in a significant increase in the cost of the training.
(2) Subparagraph (A)(i) of paragraph (1) does not apply in a case in which the assistance to be provided consists primarily of military manpower and the total amount of such assistance in the case of a particular project does not exceed 100 man-hours.
(e)
(1) Any Federal, regional, State, or local governmental entity.
(2) Youth and charitable organizations specified in section 508 of title 32.
(3) Any other entity as may be approved by the Secretary of Defense on a case-by-case basis.
(f)
(1) Rules governing the types of assistance that may be provided.
(2) Procedures governing the delivery of assistance that ensure, to the maximum extent practicable, that such assistance is provided in conjunction with, rather than separate from, civilian efforts.
(3) Procedures for appropriate coordination with civilian officials to ensure that the assistance—
(A) meets a valid need; and
(B) does not duplicate other available public services.
(4) Procedures to ensure that Department of Defense resources are not applied exclusively to the program receiving the assistance.
(g)
(2) Paragraph (1) does not prevent a selection board from considering material submitted voluntarily by a member of the armed forces which provides evidence of the participation of that member or another member in activities described in that paragraph.
(h)
(2) The advisory councils should include officials from relevant military organizations, representatives of appropriate local, State, and Federal agencies, representatives of civic and social service organizations, business representatives, and labor representatives.
(3) The Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to such councils.
(i)
(1) the use of the armed forces for civilian law enforcement purposes or for response to natural or manmade disasters; or
(2) the use of Department of Defense personnel or resources for any program, project, or activity that is prohibited by law.
(j)
(1) Ensure that each project that is proposed to be conducted in accordance with this section (regardless of whether additional funding from the Secretary of Defense is sought) is requested in writing, reviewed for full compliance with this section, and approved in advance of initiation by the Secretary of the military department concerned and, in the case of a project that seeks additional funding from the Secretary of Defense, by the Secretary of Defense.
(2) Ensure that each project that is conducted in accordance with this section is required to provide, within a specified period following completion of the project, an after-action report to the Secretary of Defense.
(3) Require that each application for a project to be conducted in accordance with this section include an analysis and certification that the proposed project would not result in a significant increase in the cost of training (as determined in accordance with procedures prescribed by the Secretary of Defense).
(4) Determine the total program cost for each project, including both those costs that are borne by the military departments from their own accounts and those costs that are borne by defense-wide accounts.
(5) Provide for oversight of project execution to ensure that a training project under this section is carried out in accordance with the proposal for that project as approved.
(Added Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, §572(a)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 353; amended Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title V, §594, Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1764; Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title V, §525(a), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2014.)
The Federal Advisory Committee Act, referred to in subsec. (h)(3), is Pub. L. 92–463, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 770, as amended, which is set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
1998—Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 105–261 added subsec. (j).
1997—Subsecs. (g) to (i). Pub. L. 105–85 added subsec. (g) and redesignated former subsecs. (g) and (h) as (h) and (i), respectively.
Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title V, §525(b), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2014, as amended by Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, §1066(b)(4), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 772, provided that: “The Secretary of Defense may not initiate any project under section 2012 of title 10, United States Code, after October 1, 1998, until the program required by subsection (j) of that section (as added by subsection (a)) has been established.”
Section 574 of Pub. L. 104–106 provided that: “No funds may be obligated or expended after the date of the enactment of this Act [Feb. 10, 1996] (1) for the office that as of the date of the enactment of this Act is designated, within the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs, as the Office of Civil-Military Programs, or (2) for any other entity within the Office of the Secretary of Defense that has an exclusive or principal mission of providing centralized direction for activities under section 2012 of title 10, United States Code, as added by section 572.”
(a)
(2) In this section, the term “non-Government facility” means any of the following:
(A) The government of a State or of a territory or possession of the United States, including the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, an interstate governmental organization, and a unit, subdivision, or instrumentality of any of the foregoing.
(B) A foreign government or international organization, or instrumentality of either, which is designated by the President as eligible to provide training under this section.
(C) A medical, scientific, technical, educational, research, or professional institution, foundation, or organization.
(D) A business, commercial, or industrial firm, corporation, partnership, proprietorship, or other organization.
(E) Individuals other than civilian or military personnel of the Government.
(F) The services and property of any of the foregoing providing the training.
(b)
(1) pay all or a part of the pay of a member of a uniformed service who is selected and assigned for training under this section, for the period of training; and
(2) pay, or reimburse the member of a uniformed service for, all or a part of the necessary expenses of the training (without regard to subsections (a) and (b) of section 3324 of title 31), including among those expenses the necessary costs of the following:
(A) Travel and per diem instead of subsistence under sections 474 and 475 of title 37 and the Joint Travel Regulations for the Uniformed Services.
(B) Transportation of immediate family, household goods and personal effects, packing, crating, temporarily storing, draying, and unpacking under sections 476 and 479 of title 37 and the Joint Travel Regulations for the Uniformed Services when the estimated costs of transportation and related services are less than the estimated aggregate per diem payments for the period of training.
(C) Tuition and matriculation fees.
(D) Library and laboratory services.
(E) Purchase or rental of books, materials, and supplies.
(F) Other services or facilities directly related to the training of the member.
(c)
(Added Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title III, §362(a)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2491; amended Pub. L. 111–350, §5(b)(2), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3842; Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(f)(4)(A), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1465.)
Section 631(f)(4)(A) of Pub. L. 112–81, which directed that this title be amended by conforming any references to sections of title 37, United States Code, which were transferred and redesignated by “subsection (c)” of section 631, was executed by conforming the references to those sections as transferred and redesignated by subsection (d) of section 631, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
2011—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 111–350 substituted “section 6101(b)–(d) of title 41” for “section 3709 of the Revised Statutes (41 U.S.C. 5)”.
Subsec. (b)(2)(A), (B). Pub. L. 112–81 substituted “474” for “404” and “475” for “405” in subpar. (A), and “476” for “406” and “479” for “409” in subpar. (B). See Codification note above.
Section 362(b) of Pub. L. 104–201 provided that: “Section 2013 of title 10, United States Code, as added by subsection (a), shall take effect on October 1, 1996.”
(a)
(b)
(2) The Secretary shall prescribe policies and procedures to ensure that the Secretary receives information on an administrative action or proposed administrative action described in subsection (a) promptly after Department of Defense personnel receive notice of such an action or proposed action.
(c)
(1) respond promptly to the Secretary; and
(2) consistent with the urgency of the training or readiness activity involved and the provisions of law under which the administrative action or proposed administrative action is being taken, seek to reach an agreement with the Secretary on immediate actions to attain the objective of the administrative action or proposed administrative action in a manner which eliminates or mitigates the adverse effects of the administrative action or proposed administrative action upon the training or readiness activity.
(d)
(A) the end of the five-day period beginning on the date of the notification; or
(B) the date of an agreement between the head of the Executive agency concerned and the Secretary as a result of the consultations under subsection (c).
(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply with respect to an administrative action or proposed administrative action if the head of the Executive agency concerned determines that the delay in enforcement of the administrative action or proposed administrative action will pose an actual threat of an imminent and substantial endangerment to public health or the environment.
(e)
(2) Not later than 30 days after the date on which the President takes final action on a matter under paragraph (1), the President shall submit to the committees referred to in subsection (a) a notification of the action.
(f)
(g)
(Added Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title III, §325(a), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1678; amended Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, §1067(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 774; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title X, §1084(c)(3), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2061.)
2004—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 108–375 substituted “Government Accountability Office” for “General Accounting Office”.
1999—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–65 substituted “and the Committee on Armed Services” for “and the Committee on National Security”.
(a)
(1) expenses for members of the armed forces to obtain professional credentials, including expenses for professional accreditation, State-imposed and professional licenses, and professional certification; and
(2) examinations to obtain such credentials.
(b)
(Added Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, §538(a), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3250.)
Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title V, §558, Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1418, provided that:
“(a)
“(b)
“(1) designate not less than three or more than five military occupational specialities or duty speciality codes for coverage under the pilot program; and
“(2) permit enlisted members of the Armed Forces to obtain the credentials or licenses required for the specialities or codes so designated through civilian credentialing or licensing entities, institutions, or bodies selected by the Secretary for purposes of the pilot program, whether concurrently with military training, at the completion of military training, or both.
“(c)
“(d)
“(1) The number of enlisted members who participated in the pilot program.
“(2) A description of the costs incurred by the Department of Defense in connection with the receipt by members of credentialing or licensing under the pilot program.
“(3) A comparison of the cost associated with receipt by members of credentialing or licensing under the pilot program with the cost of receipt of similar credentialing or licensing by recently-discharged veterans of the Armed Forces under programs currently operated by the Department of Veterans Affairs and the Department of Labor.
“(4) The recommendation of the Secretary as to the feasibility and advisability of expanding the pilot program to additional military occupational specialties or duty specialty codes, and, if such expansion is considered feasible and advisable, a list of the military occupational specialties and duty specialty codes recommended for inclusion in the expansion.”
(a)
(2) The Secretary of Defense may authorize the participation of members of the other uniformed services in the undergraduate nurse training program if the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Health and Human Services jointly determine the participation of such members in the program will facilitate an increase in the number of nurses in the other uniformed services.
(b)
(c)
(1) It shall involve an academic partnership with one or more academic institutions with existing accredited schools of nursing.
(2) It shall recruit as participants qualified individuals with at least two years of appropriate academic preparation, as determined by the Secretary of Defense.
(d)
(2) Before approving a location as the site of an undergraduate nurse training program, the Secretary of Defense shall conduct an assessment to ensure that the establishment of the program at that location will not adversely impact or displace existing nurse training programs, either conducted by the Department of Defense or by a civilian entity, at the location.
(e)
(f)
(Added Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title V, §525(b)(1), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2286; amended Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title V, §551(a)–(c), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4219.)
2011—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 111–383, §551(a), substituted “a bachelor of science degree in nursing” for “a nursing degree”.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 111–383, §551(b), inserted “in nursing” after “bachelor of science degree”.
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 111–383, §551(c), amended subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “An academic institution selected to operate an undergraduate nurse training program shall establish the program at or near a military installation. A military installation at or near which an undergraduate nurse training program is established must—
“(1) be one of the ten largest military installations in the United States, in terms of the number of active duty personnel assigned to the installation and family members residing on or in the vicinity of the installations; and
“(2) have a military treatment facility with inpatient capability designated as a medical center located on the installation or within 10 miles of the installation.”
Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title V, §525(c)–(f), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2287, 2288, as amended by Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title V, §551(d), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4219, provided that:
“(c)
“(d)
“(1)
“(2)
“(3)
“(4)
“(5)
“(6)
“(e)
“(f)