[Congressional Bills 115th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 5905 Reported in House (RH)]
<DOC>
Union Calendar No. 609
115th CONGRESS
2d Session
H. R. 5905
[Report No. 115-787]
To authorize basic research programs in the Department of Energy Office
of Science for fiscal years 2018 and 2019.
_______________________________________________________________________
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
May 22, 2018
Mr. Weber of Texas (for himself, Ms. Lofgren, Mr. Smith of Texas, Mr.
Lucas, Mr. Knight, Mr. Hultgren, Mr. Dunn, Mr. Norman, Mr. Babin, Mr.
Marshall, Mr. Higgins of Louisiana, and Mrs. Lesko) introduced the
following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Science, Space,
and Technology
June 27, 2018
Additional sponsor: Mr. Abraham
June 27, 2018
Reported with an amendment, committed to the Committee of the Whole
House on the State of the Union, and ordered to be printed
[Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed
in italic]
[For text of introduced bill, see copy of bill as introduced on May 22,
2018]
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
To authorize basic research programs in the Department of Energy Office
of Science for fiscal years 2018 and 2019.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.
(a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Department of
Energy Science and Innovation Act of 2018''.
(b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as
follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Definitions.
Sec. 3. Mission.
Sec. 4. Basic energy sciences.
Sec. 5. Advanced scientific computing research.
Sec. 6. High energy physics.
Sec. 7. Biological and environmental research.
Sec. 8. Fusion energy.
Sec. 9. Nuclear physics.
Sec. 10. Science laboratories infrastructure program.
Sec. 11. Authorization of appropriations.
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.
In this Act:
(1) Department.--The term ``Department'' means the
Department of Energy.
(2) Director.--The term <yen> means the Director of the
Office of Science of the Department.
(3) National laboratory.--The term ``National Laboratory''
has the meaning given that term in section 2 of the Energy
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801).
(4) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary
of Energy.
SEC. 3. MISSION.
Section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C.
7139) is amended by adding at the end the following:
``(c) Mission.--The mission of the Office of Science shall be the
delivery of scientific discoveries, capabilities, and major scientific
tools to transform the understanding of nature and to advance the
energy, economic, and national security of the United States.''.
SEC. 4. BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES.
(a) Program.--The Director shall carry out a program in basic
energy sciences, including materials sciences and engineering, chemical
sciences, physical biosciences, and geosciences, for the purpose of
providing the scientific foundations for new energy technologies.
(b) Mission.--The mission of the program described in subsection
(a) shall be to support fundamental research to understand, predict,
and ultimately control matter and energy at the electronic, atomic, and
molecular levels in order to provide the foundations for new energy
technologies and to support Department missions in energy, environment,
and national security.
(c) Basic Energy Sciences User Facilities.--
(1) In general.--The Director shall carry out a program for
the development, construction, operation, and maintenance of
national user facilities.
(2) Requirements.--To the maximum extent practicable, the
national user facilities developed, constructed, operated, or
maintained under paragraph (1) shall serve the needs of the
Department, industry, the academic community, and other
relevant entities to create and examine materials and chemical
processes for the purpose of improving the competitiveness of
the United States.
(3) Included facilities.--The national user facilities
developed, constructed, operated, or maintained under paragraph
(1) shall include--
(A) x-ray light sources;
(B) neutron sources;
(C) nanoscale science research centers; and
(D) such other facilities as the Director considers
appropriate, consistent with section 209 of the
Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139).
(d) Basic Energy Sciences Research Infrastructure.--
(1) Advanced photon source upgrade.--
(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for
the upgrade to the Advanced Photon Source described in
the publication approved by the Basic Energy Sciences
Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, titled ``Report on
Facility Upgrades'', including the development of a
multi-bend achromat lattice to produce a high flux of
coherent x-rays within the hard x-ray energy region and
a suite of beamlines optimized for this source.
(B) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
(i) Flux.--The term ``flux'' means the rate
of flow of photons.
(ii) Hard x-ray.--The term ``hard x-ray''
means a photon with energy greater than 20
kiloelectron volts.
(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, to
the maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start
of full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph
occurs before December 31, 2025.
(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be
appropriated under section 11 for Basic Energy
Sciences, there shall be made available to the
Secretary to carry out the upgrade under this
paragraph--
(i) $93,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and
(ii) $130,000,000 for fiscal year 2019.
(2) Spallation neutron source proton power upgrade.--
(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for a
proton power upgrade to the Spallation Neutron Source.
(B) Definition of proton power upgrade.--For the
purposes of this paragraph, the term ``proton power
upgrade'' means the Spallation Neutron Source power
upgrade described in--
(i) the publication of the Office of
Science of the Department of Energy titled
``Facilities for the Future of Science: A
Twenty-Year Outlook'', published December 2003;
(ii) the publication of the Office of
Science of the Department of Energy titled
``Four Years Later: An Interim Report on
Facilities for the Future of Science: A Twenty-
Year Outlook'', published August 2007; and
(iii) the publication approved by the Basic
Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9,
2016, titled ``Report on Facility Upgrades''.
(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, to
the maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start
of full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph
occurs before December 31, 2025.
(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be
appropriated under section 11 for Basic Energy
Sciences, there shall be made available to the
Secretary to carry out the upgrade under this
paragraph--
(i) $36,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and
(ii) $60,800,000 for fiscal year 2019.
(3) Spallation neutron source second target station.--
(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for a
second target station for the Spallation Neutron
Source.
(B) Definition of second target station.--For the
purposes of this paragraph, the term ``second target
station'' means the Spallation Neutron Source second
target station described in--
(i) the publication of the Office of
Science of the Department of Energy titled
``Facilities for the Future of Science: A
Twenty-Year Outlook'', published December 2003;
(ii) the publication of the Office of
Science of the Department of Energy titled
``Four Years Later: An Interim Report on
Facilities for the Future of Science: A Twenty-
Year Outlook'', published August 2007; and
(iii) the publication approved by the Basic
Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9,
2016, titled ``Report on Facility Upgrades''.
(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, to
the maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start
of full operations of the second target station under
this paragraph occurs before December 31, 2030, with
the option for early operation in 2028.
(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be
appropriated under section 11 for Basic Energy
Sciences, there shall be made available to the
Secretary to carry out activities, including
construction, under this paragraph--
(i) $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and
(ii) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2019.
(4) Advanced light source upgrade.--
(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for
the upgrade to the Advanced Light Source described in
the publication approved by the Basic Energy Sciences
Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, titled ``Report on
Facility Upgrades'', including the development of a
multi-bend achromat lattice to produce a high flux of
coherent x-rays within the soft x-ray energy region.
(B) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
(i) Flux.--The term ``flux'' means the rate
of flow of photons.
(ii) Soft x-ray.--The term ``soft x-ray''
means a photon with energy in the range from 50
to 2,000 electron volts.
(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, to
the maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start
of full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph
occurs before December 31, 2026.
(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be
appropriated under section 11 for Basic Energy
Sciences, there shall be made available to the
Secretary to carry out the upgrade under this
paragraph--
(i) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and
(ii) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2019.
(5) Linac coherent light source ii high energy upgrade.--
(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for
the upgrade to the Linac Coherent Light Source II
facility described in the publication approved by the
Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9,
2016, titled ``Report on Facility Upgrades'', including
the development of experimental capabilities for high
energy x-rays to reveal fundamental scientific
discoveries. The Secretary shall ensure the upgrade
under this paragraph enables the production and use of
high energy, ultra-short pulse x-rays delivered at a
high repetition rate.
(B) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
(i) High energy x-ray.--The term a ``high
energy x-ray'' means a photon with an energy at
or exceeding 12 kiloelectron volts.
(ii) High repetition rate.--The term ``high
repetition rate'' means the delivery of x-ray
pulses up to one million pulses per second.
(iii) Ultra-short pulse x-rays.--The term
``ultra-short pulse x-rays'' means x-ray bursts
capable of durations of less than one hundred
femtoseconds.
(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, to
the maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start
of full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph
occurs before December 31, 2025.
(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be
appropriated under section 11 for Basic Energy
Sciences, there shall be made available to the
Secretary to carry out the upgrade under this
paragraph--
(i) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and
(ii) $55,000,000 for fiscal year 2019.
(e) Accelerator Research and Development.--The Director shall carry
out research and development on advanced accelerator and storage ring
technologies relevant to the development of Basic Energy Sciences user
facilities, in consultation with the Office of Science's High Energy
Physics and Nuclear Physics programs.
(f) Solar Fuels Research Initiative.--
(1) In general.--Section 973 of the Energy Policy Act of
2005 (42 U.S.C. 16313) is amended to read as follows:
``SEC. 973. SOLAR FUELS RESEARCH INITIATIVE.
``(a) Initiative.--
``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out a research
initiative, to be known as the `Solar Fuels Research
Initiative' (referred to in this section as the `Initiative')
to expand theoretical and fundamental knowledge of
photochemistry, electrochemistry, biochemistry, and materials
science useful for the practical development of experimental
systems to convert solar energy to chemical energy.
``(2) Leveraging.--In carrying out programs and activities
under the Initiative, the Secretary shall leverage expertise
and resources from--
``(A) the Basic Energy Sciences Program and the
Biological and Environmental Research Program of the
Office of Science; and
``(B) the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Energy.
``(3) Teams.--
``(A) In general.--In carrying out the Initiative,
the Secretary shall organize activities among
multidisciplinary teams to leverage, to the maximum
extent practicable, expertise from the National
Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and the
private sector.
``(B) Goals.--The multidisciplinary teams described
in subparagraph (A) shall pursue aggressive, milestone-
driven, basic research goals.
``(C) Resources.--The Secretary shall provide
sufficient resources to the multidisciplinary teams
described in subparagraph (A) to achieve the goals
described in subparagraph (B) over a period of time to
be determined by the Secretary.
``(4) Additional activities.--The Secretary may organize
additional activities under this subsection through Energy
Frontier Research Centers, Energy Innovation Hubs, or other
organizational structures.
``(b) Artificial Photosynthesis.--
``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out under the
Initiative a program to support research needed to bridge
scientific barriers to, and discover knowledge relevant to,
artificial photosynthetic systems.
``(2) Activities.--As part of the program described in
paragraph (1)--
``(A) the Director of the Office of Basic Energy
Sciences shall support basic research to pursue
distinct lines of scientific inquiry, including--
``(i) photoinduced production of hydrogen
and oxygen from water; and
``(ii) the sustainable photoinduced
reduction of carbon dioxide to fuel products
including hydrocarbons, alcohols, carbon
monoxide, and natural gas; and
``(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy shall support translational
research, development, and validation of physical
concepts developed under the program.
``(3) Standard of review.--The Secretary shall review
activities carried out under the program described in paragraph
(1) to determine the achievement of technical milestones.
``(4) Funding.--
``(A) In general.--From within funds authorized to
be appropriated under section 11 of the Department of
Energy Science and Innovation Act of 2018, for Basic
Energy Sciences, the Secretary shall make available for
carrying out activities under this subsection
$50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2018 through 2019.
``(B) Prohibition.--No funds allocated to the
program described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or
expended for commercial application of energy
technology.
``(c) Biochemistry, Replication of Natural Photosynthesis, and
Related Processes.--
``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out under the
Initiative a program to support research needed to replicate
natural photosynthetic processes by use of artificial
photosynthetic components and materials.
``(2) Activities.--As part of the program described in
paragraph (1)--
``(A) the Director of the Office of Basic Energy
Sciences shall support basic research to expand
fundamental knowledge to replicate natural synthesis
processes, including--
``(i) the photoinduced reduction of
dinitrogen to ammonia;
``(ii) the absorption of carbon dioxide
from ambient air;
``(iii) molecular-based charge separation
and storage;
``(iv) photoinitiated electron transfer;
and
``(v) catalysis in biological or biomimetic
systems;
``(B) the Associate Director of Biological and
Environmental Research shall support systems biology
and genomics approaches to understand genetic and
physiological pathways connected to photosynthetic
mechanisms; and
``(C) the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy shall support translational
research, development, and validation of physical
concepts developed under the program.
``(3) Standard of review.--The Secretary shall review
activities carried out under the program described in paragraph
(1) to determine the achievement of technical milestones.
``(4) Funding.--
``(A) In general.--From within funds authorized to
be appropriated under section 11 of the Department of
Energy Science and Innovation Act of 2018, for Basic
Energy Sciences and Biological and Environmental
Research, the Secretary shall make available for
carrying out activities under this subsection
$50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2018 through 2019.
``(B) Prohibition.--No funds allocated to the
program described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or
expended for commercial application of energy
technology.''.
(2) Conforming amendment.--The table of contents for the
Energy Policy Act of 2005 is amended by striking the item
relating to section 973 and inserting the following:
``Sec. 973. Solar fuels research initiative.''.
(g) Electricity Storage Research Initiative.--
(1) In general.--Section 975 of the Energy Policy Act of
2005 (42 U.S.C. 16315) is amended to read as follows:
``SEC. 975. ELECTRICITY STORAGE RESEARCH INITIATIVE.
``(a) Initiative.--
``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out a research
initiative, to be known as the `Electricity Storage Research
Initiative' (referred to in this section as the `Initiative')--
``(A) to expand theoretical and fundamental
knowledge to control, store, and convert--
``(i) electrical energy to chemical energy;
and
``(ii) chemical energy to electrical
energy; and
``(B) to support scientific inquiry into the
practical understanding of chemical and physical
processes that occur within systems involving
crystalline and amorphous solids, polymers, and organic
and aqueous liquids.
``(2) Leveraging.--In carrying out programs and activities
under the Initiative, the Secretary shall leverage expertise
and resources from--
``(A) the Basic Energy Sciences Program, the
Advanced Scientific Computing Research Program, and the
Biological and Environmental Research Program of the
Office of Science; and
``(B) the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Energy.
``(3) Teams.--
``(A) In general.--In carrying out the Initiative,
the Secretary shall organize activities among
multidisciplinary teams to leverage, to the maximum
extent practicable, expertise from the National
Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and the
private sector.
``(B) Goals.--The multidisciplinary teams described
in subparagraph (A) shall pursue aggressive, milestone-
driven, basic research goals.
``(C) Resources.--The Secretary shall provide
sufficient resources to the multidisciplinary teams
described in subparagraph (A) to achieve the goals
described in subparagraph (B) over a period of time to
be determined by the Secretary.
``(4) Additional activities.--The Secretary may organize
additional activities under this subsection through Energy
Frontier Research Centers, Energy Innovation Hubs, or other
organizational structures.
``(b) Multivalent Systems.--
``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out under the
Initiative a program to support research needed to bridge
scientific barriers to, and discover knowledge relevant to,
multivalent ion materials in electric energy storage systems.
``(2) Activities.--As part of the program described in
paragraph (1)--
``(A) the Director of the Office of Basic Energy
Sciences shall investigate electrochemical properties
and the dynamics of materials, including charge
transfer phenomena and mass transport in materials; and
``(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy shall support translational
research, development, and validation of physical
concepts developed under the program.
``(3) Standard of review.--The Secretary shall review
activities carried out under the program described in paragraph
(1) to determine the achievement of technical milestones.
``(4) Funding.--
``(A) In general.--From within funds authorized to
be appropriated under section 11 of the Department of
Energy Science and Innovation Act of 2018, for Basic
Energy Sciences and Biological and Environmental
Research, the Secretary shall make available for
carrying out activities under this subsection
$50,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2018 through
2019.
``(B) Prohibition.--No funds allocated to the
program described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or
expended for commercial application of energy
technology.
``(c) Electrochemistry Modeling and Simulation.--
``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out under the
Initiative a program to support research to model and simulate
organic electrolytes, including the static and dynamic
electrochemical behavior and phenomena of organic electrolytes
at the molecular and atomic level in monovalent and multivalent
systems.
``(2) Activities.--As part of the program described in
paragraph (1)--
``(A) the Director of the Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, in coordination with the Associate Director
of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, shall
support the development of high performance
computational tools through a joint development process
to maximize the effectiveness of current and projected
high performance computing systems; and
``(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy shall support translational
research, development, and validation of physical
concepts developed under the program.
``(3) Standard of review.--The Secretary shall review
activities carried out under the program described in paragraph
(1) to determine the achievement of technical milestones.
``(4) Funding.--
``(A) In general.--From within funds authorized to
be appropriated under section 11 of the Department of
Energy Science and Innovation Act of 2018, for Basic
Energy Sciences and Advanced Scientific Computing
Research, the Secretary shall make available for
carrying out activities under this subsection
$30,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2018 through
2019.
``(B) Prohibition.--No funds allocated to the
program described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or
expended for commercial application of energy
technology.
``(d) Mesoscale Electrochemistry.--
``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out under the
Initiative a program to support research needed to reveal
electrochemistry in confined mesoscale spaces, including
scientific discoveries relevant to--
``(A) bio-electrochemistry and electrochemical
energy conversion and storage in confined spaces; and
``(B) the dynamics of the phenomena described in
subparagraph (A).
``(2) Activities.--As part of the program described in
paragraph (1)--
``(A) the Director of the Office of Basic Energy
Sciences and the Associate Director of Biological and
Environmental Research shall investigate phenomena of
mesoscale electrochemical confinement for the purpose
of replicating and controlling new electrochemical
behavior; and
``(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy shall support translational
research, development, and validation of physical
concepts developed under the program.
``(3) Standard of review.--The Secretary shall review
activities carried out under the program described in paragraph
(1) to determine the achievement of technical milestones.
``(4) Funding.--
``(A) In general.--From within funds authorized to
be appropriated under section 11 of the Department of
Energy Science and Innovation Act of 2018, for Basic
Energy Sciences and Biological and Environmental
Research, the Secretary shall make available for
carrying out activities under this subsection
$20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2018 through 2019.
``(B) Prohibition.--No funds allocated to the
program described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or
expended for commercial application of energy
technology.''.
(2) Conforming amendment.--The table of contents for the
Energy Policy Act of 2005 is amended by striking the item
relating to section 975 and inserting the following:
``Sec. 975. Electricity storage research initiative.''.
(h) Energy Frontier Research Centers.--
(1) In general.--The Director shall carry out a program to
provide awards, on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis, to
multi-institutional collaborations or other appropriate
entities to conduct fundamental and use-inspired energy
research to accelerate scientific breakthroughs.
(2) Collaborations.--A collaboration receiving an award
under this subsection may include multiple types of
institutions and private sector entities.
(3) Selection and duration.--
(A) In general.--A collaboration under this
subsection shall be selected for a period of 4 years.
(B) Existing centers.--An Energy Frontier Research
Center in existence and supported by the Director on
the date of enactment of this Act may continue to
receive support for a period of 4 years beginning on
the date of establishment of that center.
(C) Reapplication.--After the end of the period
described in subparagraph (A) or (B), as applicable, a
recipient of an award may reapply for selection on a
competitive, merit-reviewed basis.
(D) Termination.--Consistent with the existing
authorities of the Department, the Director may
terminate an underperforming center for cause during
the performance period.
(i) Materials Research Database.--
(1) In general.--As part of the program in materials
sciences and engineering, the Director shall support the
development of a web-based platform to provide access to a
database of computed information on known and predicted
materials properties and computational tools to accelerate
breakthroughs in materials discovery and design.
(2) In carrying out this section, the Director shall--
(A) conduct cooperative research with industry,
academia, and other research institutions to facilitate
the design of novel materials;
(B) leverage existing high performance computing
systems to conduct high-throughput calculations, and
develop computational and data mining algorithms for
the prediction of material properties;
(C) advance understanding, prediction, and
manipulation of materials;
(D) strengthen the foundation for new technologies
and advanced manufacturing; and
(E) drive the development of advanced materials for
applications that span the Department's missions in
energy, environment, and national security.
(3) In carrying out this section, the Director shall
leverage programs and activities across the Department.
SEC. 5. ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING RESEARCH.
(a) Program.--The Director shall carry out a research, development,
and demonstration program to advance computational and networking
capabilities to analyze, model, simulate, and predict complex phenomena
relevant to the development of new energy technologies and the
competitiveness of the United States.
(b) American Super Computing Leadership.--
(1) Renaming of act.--
(A) In general.--Section 1 of the Department of
Energy High-End Computing Revitalization Act of 2004
(15 U.S.C. 5501 note; Public Law 108-423) is amended by
striking ``Department of Energy High-End Computing
Revitalization Act of 2004'' and inserting ``American
Super Computing Leadership Act''.
(B) Conforming amendment.--Section 976(a)(1) of the
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16316(1)) is
amended by striking ``Department of Energy High-End
Computing Revitalization Act of 2004'' and inserting
``American Super Computing Leadership Act''.
(2) Definitions.--Section 2 of the American Super Computing
Leadership Act (15 U.S.C. 5541), as renamed by paragraph (1),
is amended--
(A) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (5) as
paragraphs (3) through (6), respectively;
(B) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the
following:
``(1) Department.--The term `Department' means the
Department of Energy.
``(2) Exascale computing.--The term `exascale computing'
means computing through the use of a computing machine that
performs near or above 10 to the 18th power operations per
second.''; and
(C) in paragraph (6) (as redesignated by
subparagraph (A)), by striking ``, acting through the
Director of the Office of Science of the Department of
Energy''.
(3) Department of energy high-end computing research and
development program.--Section 3 of the American Super Computing
Leadership Act (15 U.S.C. 5542), as renamed by paragraph (1),
is amended--
(A) in subsection (a)(1), by striking ``program''
and inserting ``coordinated program across the
Department'';
(B) in subsection (b)(2), by striking ``, which
may'' and all that follows through ``multithreading
architectures''; and
(C) by striking subsection (d) and inserting the
following:
``(d) Exascale Computing Program.--
``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall conduct a research
program (referred to in this subsection as the `Program') for
exascale computing, including the development of two or more
exascale computing machine architectures, to promote the
missions of the Department.
``(2) Execution.--
``(A) In general.--In carrying out the Program, the
Secretary shall--
``(i) establish a National Laboratory
partnership for industry partners and
institutions of higher education for codesign
of exascale hardware, technology, software, and
applications across all applicable
organizations of the Department;
``(ii) acquire multiple exascale computing
systems at the existing Departmental facilities
that represent at least two distinct technology
options developed under clause (i);
``(iii) develop such advancements in
hardware and software technology as are
required to fully realize the potential of an
exascale production system in addressing
Department target applications and solving
scientific problems involving predictive
modeling and simulation, large scale data
analytics and management, and artificial
intelligence;
``(iv) explore the use of exascale
computing technologies to advance a broad range
of science and engineering; and
``(v) provide, as appropriate, on a
competitive, merit-reviewed basis, access for
researchers in industries in the United States,
institutions of higher education, National
Laboratories, and other Federal agencies to the
exascale computing systems developed pursuant
to clause (i).
``(B) Selection of partners.--The Secretary shall
select the partnerships with the computing facilities
of the Department under subparagraph (A) through a
competitive, peer-review process.
``(3) Codesign and application development.--
``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall--
``(i) carry out the Program through an
integration of applications, computer science,
applied mathematics, and computer hardware
architecture using the partnerships established
pursuant to paragraph (2) to ensure that, to
the maximum extent practicable, two or more
exascale computing machine architectures are
capable of solving Department target
applications and broader scientific problems,
including predictive modeling and simulation,
large scale data analytics and management, and
artificial intelligence; and
``(ii) conduct outreach programs to
increase the readiness for the use of such
platforms by domestic industries, including
manufacturers.
``(B) Report.--(i) The Secretary shall submit to
Congress a report describing how the integration under
subparagraph (A) is furthering application science data
and computational workloads across application
interests, including national security, material
science, physical science, cybersecurity, biological
science, the Materials Genome and BRAIN Initiatives of
the President, advanced manufacturing, and the national
electric grid.
``(ii) The roles and responsibilities of National
Laboratories and industry, including the definition of
the roles and responsibilities within the Department to
ensure an integrated program across the Department.
``(4) Project review.--
``(A) In general.--The exascale architectures
developed pursuant to partnerships established pursuant
to paragraph (2) shall be reviewed through a project
review process.
``(B) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the
date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary
shall submit to Congress a report on--
``(i) the results of the review conducted
under subparagraph (A); and
``(ii) the coordination and management of
the Program to ensure an integrated research
program across the Department.
``(5) Annual reports.--At the time of the budget submission
of the Department for each fiscal year, the Secretary, in
consultation with the members of the partnerships established
pursuant to paragraph (2), shall submit to Congress a report
that describes funding for the Program as a whole by functional
element of the Department and critical milestones.''.
(c) High-performance Computing and Networking Research.--The
Director shall support research in high-performance computing and
networking relevant to energy applications, including modeling,
simulation, machine learning, and advanced data analytics for basic and
applied energy research programs carried out by the Secretary.
(d) Applied Mathematics and Software Development for High-end
Computing Systems, Computational, and Computer Sciences Research.--
(1) In general.--The Director shall carry out activities to
develop, test, and support--
(A) mathematics, models, statistics, and algorithms
for complex systems and programming environments; and
(B) tools, languages, and operations for high-end
computing systems (as defined in section 2 of the
American Super Computing Leadership Act (15 U.S.C.
5541), as renamed by this section).
(2) Portfolio balance.--The Director shall maintain a
balanced portfolio within the advanced scientific computing
research and development program established under section 976
of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16316) that
supports robust investment in applied mathematical,
computational, and computer sciences research while
accommodating necessary investments in high-performance
computing hardware and facilities.
(e) Workforce Development.--The Director of the Office of Advanced
Scientific Computing Research shall support the development of a
computational science workforce through a program that--
(1) facilitates collaboration between university students
and researchers at the National Laboratories; and
(2) endeavors to advance science in areas relevant to the
mission of the Department through the application of
computational science.
SEC. 6. HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS.
(a) Program.--The Director shall carry out a research program on
the fundamental constituents of matter and energy and the nature of
space and time.
(b) Mission.--The mission of the program described in subsection
(a) shall be to support theoretical and experimental research in both
elementary particle physics and fundamental accelerator science and
technology to understand fundamental properties of the universe.
(c) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of the Congress that--
(1) the Director should incorporate the findings and
recommendations of the Particle Physics Project Prioritization
Panel's report entitled ``Building for Discovery: Strategic
Plan for U.S. Particle Physics in the Global Context'', into
the Department's planning process as part of the program
described in subsection (a);
(2) the Director should prioritize domestically hosted
research projects that will maintain the United States position
as a global leader in particle physics and attract the world's
most talented physicists and foreign investment for
international collaboration; and
(3) the nations that lead in particle physics by hosting
international teams dedicated to a common scientific goal
attract the world's best talent and inspire future generations
of physicists and technologists.
(d) Neutrino Research.--As part of the program described in
subsection (a), the Director shall carry out research activities on
rare decay processes and the nature of the neutrino, which may include
collaborations with the National Science Foundation or international
collaborations.
(e) Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility for Deep Underground Neutrino
Experiment.--
(1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for a Long-
Baseline Neutrino Facility to facilitate the international Deep
Underground Neutrino Experiment to enable a program in neutrino
physics to measure the fundamental properties of neutrinos,
explore physics beyond the Standard Model, and better clarify
the nature of matter and antimatter.
(2) Facility capabilities.--The Secretary shall ensure that
the facility described in paragraph (1) will provide, at a
minimum, the following capabilities:
(A) A broad-band neutrino beam capable of 1.2
megawatts (MW) of beam power and upgradable to 2.4 MW
of beam power.
(B) Four caverns excavated for a forty kiloton
fiducial detector mass and supporting surface buildings
and utilities.
(C) Neutrino detector facilities at both the Far
Site in South Dakota and the Near Site in Illinois to
categorize and study neutrinos on their 800-mile
journey between the two sites.
(D) Cryogenic systems to support neutrino
detectors.
(3) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, to the
maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start of full
operations of the facility under this subsection occurs before
December 31, 2026.
(4) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated
under section 11 for High Energy Physics, there shall be made
available to the Secretary to carry out activities, including
construction of the facility, under this subsection--
(A) $95,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and
(B) $175,000,000 for fiscal year 2019.
(5) Dark energy and dark matter research.--As part of the
program described in paragraph (1), the Director shall carry
out research activities on the nature of dark energy and dark
matter, which may include collaborations with the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration or the National Science
Foundation, or international collaborations.
(6) International collaboration.--The Director, as
practicable and in coordination with other appropriate Federal
agencies as necessary, shall ensure the access of United States
researchers to the most advanced accelerator facilities and
research capabilities in the world, including the Large Hadron
Collider.
SEC. 7. BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH.
(a) Program.--The Director shall carry out a program of basic
research in the areas of biological systems science and environmental
science relevant to the development of new energy technologies and to
support Department missions in energy, environment, and national
security.
(b) Biological Systems.--The Director shall carry out research and
development activities in fundamental, structural, computational, and
systems biology to increase systems-level understanding of the complex
biological systems, which may include activities--
(1) to accelerate breakthroughs and new knowledge that
would enable the cost-effective, sustainable production of--
(A) biomass-based liquid transportation fuels;
(B) bioenergy; and
(C) biobased materials;
(2) to improve understanding of the global carbon cycle,
including processes for removing carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere, through photosynthesis and other biological
processes, for sequestration and storage; and
(3) to understand the biological mechanisms used to
transform, immobilize, or remove contaminants from subsurface
environments.
(c) Bioenergy Research Centers.--
(1) In general.--In carrying out activities under
subsection (a), the Director shall select and establish up to 4
bioenergy research centers to conduct basic and fundamental
research in plant and microbial systems biology, bio imaging
and analysis, and genomics to inform the production of fuels,
chemicals from sustainable biomass resources, and to facilitate
the translation of basic research results to industry.
(2) Selection.--The Director shall select centers under
paragraph (1) on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis. The
Director shall consider applications from National
Laboratories, multi-institutional collaborations, and other
appropriate entities.
(3) Duration.--A center established under this subsection
shall receive support for a period of not more than 5 years,
subject to the availability of appropriations.
(4) Existing centers.--The Director may select a center for
participation under this subsection that is in existence, or
undergoing a renewal process, on the date of enactment of this
Act. Such center shall be eligible to receive support for the
duration the 5-year period beginning on the date of
establishment of such center.
(5) Renewal.--Upon the expiration of any period of support
of a center under this subsection, the Director may renew
support for the center, on a merit-reviewed basis, for a period
of not more than 5 years.
(6) Termination.--Consistent with the existing authorities
of the Department, the Director may terminate an
underperforming center for cause during the performance period.
(d) Low Dose Radiation Research Program.--
(1) In general.--Subtitle G of title IX of the Energy
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16311 et seq.) is amended by
inserting after section 977 the following new section:
``SEC. 977A. LOW-DOSE RADIATION RESEARCH PROGRAM.
``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall carry out a basic research
program on low-dose radiation to--
``(1) enhance the scientific understanding of, and reduce
uncertainties associated with, the effects of exposure to low-
dose radiation; and
``(2) inform improved risk-assessment and risk-management
methods with respect to such radiation.
``(b) Program Components.--In carrying out the program required
under subsection (a), the Secretary shall--
``(1) formulate scientific goals for low-dose radiation
basic research in the United States;
``(2) identify ongoing scientific challenges for
understanding the long-term effects of ionizing radiation on
biological systems;
``(3) develop a long-term strategic and prioritized basic
research agenda to address such scientific challenges in
coordination with other research efforts;
``(4) leverage the collective body of knowledge from
existing low-dose radiation research; and
``(5) engage with other Federal agencies, research
communities, and potential users of information produced under
this section, including institutions concerning radiation
research, medical physics, radiology, health physics, and
emergency response.
``(c) Coordination.--In carrying out the program, the Secretary, in
coordination with the Physical Science Subcommittee of the National
Science and Technology Council, shall--
``(1) support the directives under section 106 of the
American Innovation and Competitiveness Act (42 U.S.C. 6601
note);
``(2) ensure that the Office of Science of the Department
of Energy consults with the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, the National Institutes of Health, the
Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Defense, the
Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and the Department of Homeland
Security;
``(3) advise and assist the National Science and Technology
Council on policies and initiatives in radiation biology,
including enhancing scientific knowledge of the effects of low-
dose radiation on biological systems to improve radiation risk-
assessment and risk-management methods; and
``(4) identify opportunities to stimulate international
cooperation relating to low-dose radiation and leverage
research and knowledge from sources outside of the United
States.
``(d) Research Plan.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall transmit to the Committee on
Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a 4-year
research plan that identifies and prioritizes basic research needs
relating to low-dose radiation. In developing such plan, the Secretary
shall incorporate the components described in subsection (b).
``(e) Definition of Low-dose Radiation.--In this section, the term
`low-dose radiation' means a radiation dose of less than 100
millisieverts.
``(f) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
construed to subject any research carried out by the Secretary for the
program under this section to any limitations described in 977(e) of
the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16317(e)).
``(g) Funding.--From within funds authorized to be appropriated
under section 11 of the Department of Energy Science and Innovation Act
of 2018, for Biological and Environmental Research, the Secretary make
available to carry out this section--
``(1) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and
``(2) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2019.''.
(2) Conforming amendment.--The table of contents for
subtitle G of title IX of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 is
amended by inserting after the item relating to section 977 the
following:
``977A. Low-dose radiation research program.''.
(e) Modeling Research.--As part of the activities described in
subsection (a), the Director is authorized to carry out research to
develop multiscale computational models that incorporate and examine
interactions among human and earth systems.
(f) Limitation for Research Funds.--The Director shall not approve
new climate science-related initiatives without making a determination
that such work is well-coordinated with any relevant work carried out
by other Federal agencies.
SEC. 8. FUSION ENERGY.
(a) Program.--The Director shall carry out a fusion energy sciences
research program to expand the understanding of plasmas and matter at
very high temperatures and densities and build the science and
engineering foundation needed to develop a fusion energy source.
(b) Inertial Fusion Energy Research and Development Program.--The
Secretary shall carry out a program of research and technology
development in inertial fusion for energy applications, including ion
beam, laser, and pulsed power fusion systems.
(c) Tokamak Research and Development.--
(1) In general.--The Director shall support research and
development activities and facility operations to optimize the
tokamak approach to fusion energy.
(2) International thermonuclear experimental reactor
construction.--Section 972 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42
U.S.C. 16312) is amended by adding at the end the following new
paragraph:
``(7) ITER construction.--
``(A) In general.--There is authorized United
States participation in the construction and operations
of the ITER project, as agreed to under the April 25,
2007 `Agreement on the Establishment of the ITER
International Fusion Energy Organization for the Joint
Implementation of the ITER Project.'.
``(B) Facility requirements.--The Secretary shall
ensure that the mission-oriented user facility will
enable the study of a burning plasma, and shall be
built to have the following characteristics in its full
configuration:
``(i) A tokamak device with a plasma radius
of 6.2 meters and a magnetic field of 5.3 T.
``(ii) Capable of creating and sustaining a
15-million-Ampere plasma current for greater
than 300 seconds.
``(C) Authorization of appropriations.--From within
funds authorized to be appropriated under section 11 of
the Department of Energy Science and Innovation Act of
2018, for Fusion Energy Sciences, there is authorized
for in-kind contributions under this paragraph--
``(i) $122,000,000 for fiscal year 2018;
and
``(ii) $163,000,000 for fiscal year 2019.
``(D) Authorization of appropriations.--From within
funds authorized to be appropriated under section 11 of
the Department of Energy Science and Innovation Act of
2018, for Fusion Energy Sciences, there is authorized
for cash contributions under this paragraph--
``(i) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and
``(ii) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2019.''.
(d) Alternative and Enabling Concepts.--
(1) In general.--As part of the program described in
subsection (a), the Director shall support research and
development activities and facility operations at United States
universities, national laboratories, and private facilities for
a portfolio of alternative and enabling fusion energy concepts
that may provide solutions to significant challenges to the
establishment of a commercial magnetic fusion power plant,
prioritized based on the ability of the United States to play a
leadership role in the international fusion research community.
Fusion energy concepts and activities explored under this
paragraph may include--
(A) high magnetic field approaches facilitated by
high temperature superconductors;
(B) advanced stellarator concepts;
(C) non-tokamak confinement configurations
operating at low magnetic fields;
(D) magnetized target fusion energy concepts;
(E) liquid metals to address issues associated with
fusion plasma interactions with the inner wall of the
encasing device;
(F) immersion blankets for heat management and fuel
breeding;
(G) advanced scientific computing activities; and
(H) other promising fusion energy concepts
identified by the Director.
(2) Coordination with arpa-e.--The Under Secretary and the
Director shall coordinate with the Director of the Advanced
Research Projects Agency-Energy (in this paragraph referred to
as ``ARPA-E'') to--
(A) assess the potential for any fusion energy
project supported by ARPA-E to represent a promising
approach to a commercially viable fusion power plant;
(B) determine whether the results of any fusion
energy project supported by ARPA-E merit the support of
follow-on research activities carried out by the Office
of Science; and
(C) avoid unintentional duplication of activities.
(e) Fairness in Competition for Solicitations for International
Project Activities.--Section 33 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42
U.S.C. 2053) is amended by inserting before the first sentence the
following: ``In this section, with respect to international research
projects, the term `private facilities or laboratories' means
facilities or laboratories located in the United States.''.
(f) Identification of Priorities.--
(1) Report.--
(A) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the
date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall
submit to Congress a report on the fusion energy
research and development activities that the Department
proposes to carry out over the 10-year period following
the date of the report under not fewer than 3 realistic
budget scenarios, including a scenario based on 3-
percent annual growth in the non-ITER portion of the
budget for fusion energy research and development
activities.
(B) Inclusions.--The report required under
subparagraph (A) shall--
(i) identify specific areas of fusion
energy research and enabling technology
development, including activities to advance
inertial and alternative fusion energy
concepts, in which the United States can and
should establish or solidify a lead in the
global fusion energy development effort;
(ii) identify priorities for initiation of
facility construction and facility
decommissioning under each of the three budget
scenarios described in subparagraph (A); and
(iii) assess the ability of the fusion
workforce of the United States to carry out the
activities identified under clauses (i) and
(ii), including the adequacy of programs at
institutions of higher education in the United
States to train the leaders and workers of the
next generation of fusion energy researchers.
(2) Process.--In order to develop the report required under
paragraph (1)(A), the Secretary shall leverage best practices
and lessons learned from the process used to develop the most
recent report of the Particle Physics Project Prioritization
Panel of the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel.
(3) Requirement.--No member of the Fusion Energy Sciences
Advisory Committee shall be excluded from participating in
developing or voting on final approval of the report required
under paragraph (1)(A).
SEC. 9. NUCLEAR PHYSICS.
(a) Program.--The Director shall carry out a program of
experimental and theoretical research, and support associated
facilities, to discover, explore, and understand all forms of nuclear
matter.
(b) Isotope Development and Production for Research Applications.--
The Director--
(1) may carry out a program for the production of isotopes,
including the development of techniques to produce isotopes,
that the Secretary determines are needed for research, medical,
industrial, or related purposes; and
(2) shall ensure that isotope production activities carried
out under the program under this paragraph do not compete with
private industry unless the Director determines that critical
national interests require the involvement of the Federal
Government.
(c) Renaming of the Rare Isotope Accelerator.--Section 981 of the
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16321) is amended--
(1) in the section heading, by striking ``rare isotope
accelerator'' and inserting ``facility for rare isotope
beams''; and
(2) by striking ``Rare Isotope Accelerator'' each place it
appears and inserting ``Facility for Rare Isotope Beams''.
(d) Facility for Rare Isotope Beams.--
(1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for a Facility
for Rare Isotope Beams to advance the understanding of rare
nuclear isotopes and the evolution of the cosmos.
(2) Facility capability.--In carrying out paragraph (1),
the Secretary shall provide for, at a minimum, a rare isotope
beam facility capable of 400 kW of beam power.
(3) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, to the
maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start of full
operations of the facility under this subsection occurs before
June 30, 2022, with early operation in 2018.
(4) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated
under section 11 for Nuclear Physics, there shall be made
available to the Secretary to carry out activities, including
construction of the facility, under this subsection--
(A) $101,200,000 for fiscal year 2018; and
(B) $86,000,000 for fiscal year 2019.
SEC. 10. SCIENCE LABORATORIES INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM.
(a) In General.--The Director shall carry out a program to improve
the safety, efficiency, and mission readiness of infrastructure at
Office of Science laboratories. The program shall include projects to--
(1) renovate or replace space that does not meet research
needs;
(2) replace facilities that are no longer cost effective to
renovate or operate;
(3) modernize utility systems to prevent failures and
ensure efficiency;
(4) remove excess facilities to allow safe and efficient
operations; and
(5) construct modern facilities to conduct advanced
research in controlled environmental conditions.
(b) Approach.--In carrying out this section, the Director shall
utilize all available approaches and mechanisms, including capital line
items, minor construction projects, energy savings performance
contracts, utility energy service contracts, alternative financing, and
expense funding, as appropriate.
SEC. 11. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
(a) Fiscal Year 2018.--There are authorized to be appropriated to
the Secretary for the Office of Science for fiscal year 2018
$6,259,903,000, of which--
(1) $2,090,000,000 shall be for Basic Energy Science;
(2) $908,000,000 shall be for High Energy Physics;
(3) $673,000,000 shall be for Biological and Environmental
Research;
(4) $684,000,000 shall be for Nuclear Physics;
(5) $810,000,000 shall be for Advanced Scientific Computing
Research;
(6) $532,111,000 shall be for Fusion Energy Sciences;
(7) $257,292,000 shall be for Science Laboratories
Infrastructure;
(8) $183,000,000 shall be for Science Program Direction;
(9) $103,000,000 shall be for Safeguards and Security; and
(10) $19,500,000 shall be for Workforce Development for
Teachers and Scientists.
(b) Fiscal Year 2019.--There are authorized to be appropriated to
the Secretary for the Office of Science for fiscal year 2019
$6,600,000,000, of which--
(1) $2,129,233,000 shall be for Basic Energy Science;
(2) $1,004,510,000 shall be for High Energy Physics;
(3) $673,000,000 shall be for Biological and Environmental
Research;
(4) $690,000,000 shall be for Nuclear Physics;
(5) $899,010,000 shall be for Advanced Scientific Computing
Research;
(6) $640,000,000 shall be for Fusion Energy Sciences;
(7) $257,292,000 shall be for Science Laboratories
Infrastructure;
(8) $181,345,000 shall be for Science Program Direction;
(9) $106,110,000 shall be for Safeguards and Security; and
(10) $19,500,000 shall be for Workforce Development for
Teachers and Scientists.
Union Calendar No. 609
115th CONGRESS
2d Session
H. R. 5905
[Report No. 115-787]
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
To authorize basic research programs in the Department of Energy Office
of Science for fiscal years 2018 and 2019.
_______________________________________________________________________
June 27, 2018
Reported with an amendment, committed to the Committee of the Whole
House on the State of the Union, and ordered to be printed