[Historical Tables]
[Section 9 - Federal Government Outlays for Major Physical Capital, Research and Development, and Education and Training]
[Table 9.8 - Composition of Outlays for the Conduct of Research and Development: 1949-2004]
[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-2004
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense.............................. 688 700 775 1,100 1,412 1,385 1,397 1,683 1,882
Other national defense............................. 74 72 71 104 141 166 153 215 252
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Total national defense........................... 762 772 846 1,204 1,553 1,551 1,550 1,898 2,134
==================================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA............................................. 42 43 44 51 50 48 43 50 55
NSF.............................................. ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... 4 8 15 28
Atomic energy general science.................... 40 49 50 60 63 64 73 78 91
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Subtotal....................................... 82 92 94 111 113 116 124 143 174
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Energy............................................. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 27 42 77
Transportation:
DOT.............................................. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 13
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal....................................... N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 13
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH.............................................. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Other............................................ N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal....................................... N/A N/A N/A N/A 45 51 69 81 134
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture........................................ N/A N/A N/A N/A 49 53 62 82 86
Natural resources and environment.................. N/A N/A N/A N/A 38 38 32 38 45
All other \1\ ..................................... N/A N/A N/A N/A 50 39 31 42 48
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total nondefense \1\ ............................ 178 282 279 291 295 297 345 428 577
==================================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development \1\ ....... 940 1,054 1,125 1,495 1,848 1,848 1,895 2,326 2,711
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development 11 14 14 14 14 13 21 31 40
classified as grants (all nondefense)...............
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes at end of table.
[[Page 173]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-2004--Continued
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense......................................... 2,178 4,950 5,517 6,466 6,689 6,792 7,419 6,623
Other national defense........................................ 281 414 420 456 401 352 446 454
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total national defense...................................... 2,459 5,364 5,937 6,922 7,090 7,144 7,865 7,077
=======================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA........................................................ 72 115 330 646 1,112 2,291 3,693 4,497
NSF......................................................... 31 47 57 70 84 100 147 147
Atomic energy general science............................... 126 157 183 214 231 264 288 309
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Subtotal.................................................. 229 319 570 930 1,427 2,655 4,128 4,953
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy........................................................ 109 129 159 173 397 462 502 478
Transportation:
DOT......................................................... 26 53 77 89 83 111 107 159
NASA........................................................ ......... ......... ......... ......... 31 36 40 58
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 26 53 77 89 114 147 147 217
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH......................................................... N/A N/A 247 295 398 511 637 523
Other....................................................... N/A N/A 30 35 36 40 66 67
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Subtotal.................................................. 157 216 277 330 434 551 703 590
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture................................................... 97 104 107 117 129 142 154 179
Natural resources and environment............................. 54 88 68 106 100 118 120 140
All other \1\ ................................................ 57 111 127 119 146 146 177 206
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Total nondefense \1\ ....................................... 729 1,020 1,385 1,864 2,747 4,221 5,931 6,763
=======================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development \1\ .................. 3,188 6,384 7,322 8,786 9,837 11,365 13,796 13,840
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as 46 55 57 58 66 75 85 100
grants (all nondefense)........................................
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes at end of table.
[[Page 174]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-2004--Continued
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense......................................... 6,675 7,649 8,071 7,762 7,519 7,639 8,238 8,529
Other national defense........................................ 422 419 473 552 502 469 599 610
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total national defense...................................... 7,097 8,068 8,544 8,314 8,021 8,108 8,837 9,139
=======================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA........................................................ 5,275 5,042 4,462 4,025 3,518 3,143 3,059 3,045
NSF......................................................... 176 209 248 280 292 334 407 432
Atomic energy general science............................... 339 359 281 385 393 380 370 372
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Subtotal.................................................. 5,790 5,610 4,991 4,690 4,203 3,857 3,836 3,849
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy........................................................ 452 478 515 469 451 454 329 379
Transportation:
DOT......................................................... 117 69 107 96 224 444 291 299
NASA........................................................ 75 89 128 162 183 205 221 235
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Subtotal.................................................. 192 158 235 258 407 649 512 534
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH......................................................... 536 795 784 859 879 912 1,096 1,318
Other....................................................... 202 110 199 214 194 211 279 341
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Subtotal.................................................. 738 905 983 1,073 1,073 1,123 1,375 1,659
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture................................................... 205 215 231 232 246 268 296 293
Natural resources and environment............................. 160 181 207 232 301 351 507 539
All other \1\ ................................................ 284 347 466 392 451 599 611 643
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Total nondefense \1\ ....................................... 7,821 7,894 7,628 7,346 7,132 7,301 7,466 7,896
=======================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development \1\ .................. 14,918 15,962 16,172 15,660 15,153 15,409 16,303 17,035
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as 110 125 140 152 167 182 206 224
grants (all nondefense)........................................
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes at end of table.
[[Page 175]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-2004--Continued
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense......................................... 8,960 9,284 9,341 2,312 10,210 10,726 11,045 13,469
Other national defense........................................ 446 431 478 143 664 1,351 1,083 1,174
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total national defense...................................... 9,406 9,715 9,819 2,455 10,874 12,077 12,129 14,643
=======================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA........................................................ 2,900 2,876 3,227 846 3,506 3,454 3,655 4,262
NSF......................................................... 539 571 623 194 668 701 775 838
Atomic energy general science............................... 292 310 257 72 267 274 305 345
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Subtotal.................................................. 3,731 3,757 4,107 1,112 4,441 4,429 4,735 5,445
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy........................................................ 525 933 1,424 521 2,197 2,542 3,304 3,289
Transportation:
DOT......................................................... 322 307 329 100 315 326 350 412
NASA........................................................ 283 309 324 82 336 379 408 449
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Subtotal.................................................. 605 616 653 182 651 705 758 861
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH......................................................... 1,413 1,631 2,098 548 1,314 2,439 2,626 2,898
Other....................................................... 245 258 194 130 335 325 614 784
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Subtotal.................................................. 1,658 1,889 2,292 678 1,649 2,764 3,240 3,682
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture................................................... 315 352 416 100 469 499 549 563
Natural resources and environment............................. 511 647 646 166 585 675 895 951
All other \1\ ................................................ 683 627 631 -14 577 841 715 801
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Total nondefense \1\ ....................................... 8,028 8,821 10,169 2,745 10,569 12,455 14,196 15,592
=======================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development \1\ .................. 17,434 18,536 19,988 5,200 21,443 24,532 26,325 30,235
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as 238 249 285 80 272 252 256 288
grants (all nondefense)........................................
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes at end of table.
[[Page 176]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-2004--Continued
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense......................................... 15,739 18,363 20,566 23,850 28,165 33,396 34,732 35,605
Other national defense........................................ 1,199 1,447 1,732 1,915 2,195 2,260 2,365 2,427
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total national defense...................................... 16,937 19,809 22,298 25,765 30,360 35,656 37,097 38,032
=======================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA........................................................ 4,798 2,697 1,999 3,023 2,410 2,863 2,693 3,252
NSF......................................................... 900 1,020 998 1,127 1,182 1,399 1,426 1,513
Atomic energy general science............................... 501 401 464 505 510 510 576 618
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Subtotal.................................................. 6,199 4,118 3,461 4,656 4,102 4,772 4,695 5,383
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy........................................................ 3,681 3,330 2,728 2,762 4,249 2,622 2,321 2,287
Transportation:
DOT......................................................... 409 341 270 342 467 489 347 323
NASA........................................................ 481 523 539 515 559 568 557 580
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Subtotal.................................................. 890 864 809 857 1,027 1,057 905 903
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH......................................................... 3,352 3,435 3,532 3,942 4,412 4,837 4,942 6,022
Other....................................................... 732 906 929 617 719 738 869 849
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Subtotal.................................................. 4,084 4,341 4,461 4,560 5,131 5,574 5,811 6,872
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture................................................... 643 696 717 754 775 798 796 838
Natural resources and environment............................. 912 838 856 846 884 924 886 1,052
All other \1\ ................................................ 822 664 570 787 689 738 745 732
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total nondefense \1\ ....................................... 17,231 14,850 13,602 15,221 16,856 16,485 16,159 18,068
=======================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development \1\ .................. 34,168 34,660 35,900 40,986 47,216 52,141 53,256 56,100
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as 251 290 197 223 215 319 464 478
grants (all nondefense)........................................
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes at end of table.
[[Page 177]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-2004--Continued
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense......................................... 37,819 38,247 35,330 35,504 37,666 35,474 35,356 36,936
Other national defense........................................ 2,547 2,831 2,557 2,666 2,730 2,581 2,343 2,492
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total national defense...................................... 40,366 41,078 37,887 38,170 40,396 38,055 37,699 39,428
=======================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA........................................................ 4,220 5,624 6,277 6,641 7,004 6,663 8,243 6,963
NSF......................................................... 1,570 1,520 1,631 1,733 1,753 1,873 1,894 2,077
Atomic energy general science............................... 680 784 834 784 789 669 700 705
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Subtotal.................................................. 6,470 7,927 8,741 9,157 9,546 9,205 10,837 9,745
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy........................................................ 2,454 2,342 2,501 2,593 2,517 2,654 3,152 2,938
Transportation:
DOT......................................................... 322 272 333 373 420 519 604 534
NASA........................................................ 755 701 795 976 1,084 1,215 749 1,120
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Subtotal.................................................. 1,077 973 1,127 1,348 1,504 1,734 1,353 1,654
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH......................................................... 6,634 7,092 7,257 7,936 9,063 9,620 10,299 9,642
Other....................................................... 912 1,162 1,272 1,721 1,311 1,008 961 856
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Subtotal.................................................. 7,546 8,253 8,528 9,656 10,374 10,628 11,260 10,498
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture................................................... 908 937 990 1,070 1,129 1,158 1,186 1,168
Natural resources and environment............................. 1,056 1,220 1,323 1,593 1,762 1,747 1,662 1,610
All other \1\ ................................................ 883 1,081 1,085 1,141 1,150 1,271 1,283 1,398
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total nondefense \1\ ....................................... 20,394 22,732 24,296 26,558 27,982 28,397 30,733 29,011
=======================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development \1\ .................. 60,760 63,810 62,183 64,728 68,378 66,453 68,432 68,439
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as 412 345 401 296 344 376 348 303
grants (all nondefense)........................................
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See footnotes at end of table.
[[Page 178]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-2004--Continued
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2003 2004
Category 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 estimate estimate
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense......................................... 37,702 37,558 37,571 38,279 41,157 44,903 53,396 58,680
Other national defense........................................ 2,475 2,583 2,705 2,771 2,990 3,335 3,665 4,218
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total national defense...................................... 40,177 40,141 40,276 41,050 44,147 48,238 57,061 62,898
=======================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA........................................................ 8,137 8,631 8,316 5,411 5,611 5,816 6,523 7,349
NSF......................................................... 2,015 2,010 2,144 2,446 2,566 2,803 3,221 3,398
Atomic energy general science............................... 703 1,862 2,087 2,246 2,287 2,303 2,476 2,605
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 10,855 12,503 12,547 10,103 10,464 10,922 12,220 13,352
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy........................................................ 2,641 1,526 1,285 1,265 1,336 1,197 1,466 1,495
Transportation:
DOT......................................................... 545 528 465 482 514 605 627 789
NASA........................................................ 1,237 1,250 1,117 958 862 956 976 976
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 1,782 1,778 1,582 1,440 1,376 1,561 1,603 1,765
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH......................................................... 10,599 11,853 13,027 14,568 16,387 19,374 22,067 25,172
Other....................................................... 859 865 1,306 1,310 1,804 1,802 1,934 2,025
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 11,458 12,718 14,333 15,878 18,191 21,176 24,001 27,197
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture................................................... 1,178 1,200 1,200 1,294 1,519 1,508 1,616 1,589
Natural resources and environment............................. 1,590 1,653 1,732 1,687 1,749 1,856 1,717 1,861
All other \1\ ................................................ 1,392 1,284 1,181 1,230 1,307 1,453 2,077 1,951
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total nondefense \1\ ....................................... 30,896 32,662 33,860 32,897 35,942 39,673 44,700 49,210
=======================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development \1\ .................. 71,073 72,803 74,136 73,947 80,089 87,911 101,761 112,108
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as 290 302 308 405 382 554 632 755
grants (all nondefense)........................................
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\1\ Includes off-budget Postal Service amounts as shown in the footnote to Table 9.7.
N/A: Separate detail not available; however, the data are included in the totals.
Note: The Atomic energy defense component includes relatively small amounts of R&D for FEMA beginning in 1983.