[Analytical Perspectives] [Table of Contents] [From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov] [[Page i]] TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Charts and Tables.................................................................................................................. v Introduction 1. Introduction............................................................................................................. 3 Performance and Management Assessments 2. Performance Improvement Initiative....................................................................................... 9 Crosscutting Programs 3. Homeland Security Funding Analysis....................................................................................... 19 4. Strengthening Federal Statistics......................................................................................... 37 5. Research and Development................................................................................................. 45 6. Federal Investment....................................................................................................... 57 7. Credit and Insurance..................................................................................................... 69 8. Aid to State and Local Governments....................................................................................... 107 9. Integrating Services with Information Technology......................................................................... 157 10. Federal Drug Control Funding............................................................................................. 163 11. California-Federal Bay-Delta Program Budget Crosscut (CALFED)............................................................ 165 Economic Assumptions and Analyses 12. Economic Assumptions..................................................................................................... 169 13. Stewardship.............................................................................................................. 179 14. National Income and Product Accounts..................................................................................... 207 Budget Reform Proposals 15. Budget Reform Proposals.................................................................................................. 215 Federal Borrowing and Debt 16. Federal Borrowing and Debt............................................................................................... 229 [[Page ii]] Federal Receipts and Collections 17. Federal Receipts......................................................................................................... 245 18. User Charges and Other Collections....................................................................................... 271 19. Tax Expenditures......................................................................................................... 287 Dimensions of the Budget 20. Comparison of Actual to Estimated Totals................................................................................. 331 21. Outlays to the Public, Gross and Net..................................................................................... 339 22. Trust Funds and Federal Funds............................................................................................ 341 23. Off-Budget Federal Entities and Non-Budgetary Activities................................................................. 357 24. Federal Employment and Compensation...................................................................................... 363 Current Services Estimates 25. Current Services Estimates............................................................................................... 371 The Budget System and Concepts 26. The Budget System and Concepts........................................................................................... 391 Detailed Functional Tables 27. Budget Authority and Outlays by Function, Category, and Program.......................................................... CD-ROM Federal Programs by Agency and Account 28. Federal Programs by Agency and Account................................................................................... CD-ROM[DOCID:2009_per_spectoc-2] [Analytical Perspectives, Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2009] [Page iii-x] From the Budget of the U.S., FY 2009 Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov] [[Page iii]] ........................................................................ LIST OF CHARTS AND TABLES ...................................................................... [[Page v]] LIST OF CHARTS AND TABLES LIST OF CHARTS Page 2-1..... Program Ratings are Improving...................... 14 4-1..... ICSP Statistical Quality and Program Performance 38 Dimensions........................................ 4-2..... Most Recent PART Summary Ratings for Statistical 40 Programs.......................................... 5-1..... American Competitiveness Initiative Research....... 45 5-2..... 2008 ACI Research Funding.......................... 46 5-3..... Scores of R&D PART Assessments..................... 48 7-1..... Financial Services Regulatory Systems Top 15 Non- 73 U.S. Financial Centers............................ 7-2..... Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Combined Retained 79 Mortgage Portfolios Year-End 2006................. 7-3..... Mortgage Purchases and Securitization by Fannie Mae 80 and Freddie Mac and Change in Federal Home Loan Bank Advances as a Share of Single-Family Mortgage Originations, First Three Quarters of 2007........ 7-4..... Face Value of Federal Credit Outstanding........... 93 13-1.... The Financial Condition of the Federal Government 181 and the Nation.................................... 13-2.... Net Federal Liabilities............................ 184 13-3.... Health Care Cost Alternatives...................... 189 13-4.... Effect of Entitlement Savings...................... 189 13-5.... Alternative Receipts Projections................... 190 13-6.... Alternative Productivity Assumptions............... 190 13-7.... Alternative Fertility Assumptions.................. 191 13-8.... Alternative Immigration Assumptions................ 191 13-9.... Alternative Mortality Assumptions.................. 192 13-10... Sources of the Gross Tax Gap....................... 197 17-1.... Major Provisions of the Tax Code Under the 2001, 246 2003, 2004 and 2006 Enacted Tax Relief............ 20-1.... Illustrative Range of Budget Outcomes.............. 337 24-1.... 2009 Budget Executive Branch Civilian FTE.......... 366 26-1.... Relationship of Budget Authority to Outlays for 402 2009.............................................. LIST OF TABLES Page Crosscutting Programs Homeland Security Funding Analysis: 3-1..... Homeland Security Funding by Agency............ 20 3-2..... Policy Estimates--Homeland Security Funding by 21 National Strategy Mission Area................ 3-3..... Intelligence and Warning Funding............... 22 3-4..... Border and Transportation Security Funding..... 24 3-5..... Domestic Counterterrorism Funding.............. 26 3-6..... Protecting Critical Infrastructure and Key 27 Assets Funding................................ 3-7..... Defending Against Catastrophic Threats Funding. 28 3-8..... Emergency Preparedness and Response Funding.... 29 3-9..... Discretionary Fee-Funded Homeland Security 32 Activities by Agency.......................... 3-10.... Mandatory Homeland Security Funding by Agency.. 32 3-11.... Baseline Estimates--Total Homeland Security 33 Funding by Agency............................. 3-12.... Homeland Security Funding by Budget Function... 34 3-13.... Baseline Estimates--Homeland Security Funding 35 by Budget Function............................ [[Page vi]] ........ Appendix--Homeland Security Mission Funding by CD-ROM Agency and Budget Account..................... Strengthening Federal Statistics: 4-1..... 2007-2009 Budget Authority for Principal 43 Statistical Agencies.......................... Research and Development: 5-1..... *COM041*Federal Research and Development....... 52 5-2..... Federal Science and Technology Budget.......... 54 5-3..... Agency Detail of Selected Interagency R&D 55 Efforts....................................... Federal Investment: 6-1..... Composition of Federal Investment Outlays...... 59 6-2..... Federal Investment Budget Authority and 60 Outlays: Grant and Direct Federal Programs.... 6-3..... Summary of PART Ratings and Scores for Direct 63 Federal Investment Programs................... 6-4..... Net Stock of Federally Financed Physical 66 Capital....................................... 6-5..... Net Stock of Federally Financed Research and 67 Development................................... 6-6..... Net Stock of Federally Financed Education 68 Capital....................................... Credit and Insurance: Text Tables: Summary of PART Scores....................... 71 Regulators of Financial Institutions......... 74 Largest Ten Claims Against the PBGC's Single- 89 Employer Insurance Program, 1975-2006......... 7-1..... Estimated Future Cost of Outstanding Federal 93 Credit Programs............................... 7-2..... Reestimates of Credit Subsidies on Loans 95 Disbursed Between 1992-2007................... 7-3..... Direct Loan Subsidy Rates, Budget Authority, 97 and Loan Levels, 2007-2009.................... 7-4..... Loan Guarantee Subsidy Rates, Budget Authority, 98 and Loan Levels, 2007-2009.................... 7-5..... Summary of Federal Direct Loans and Loan 99 Guarantees.................................... 7-6..... Direct Loan Write-offs and Guaranteed Loan 100 Terminations for Defaults..................... 7-7..... Appropriations Acts Limitations on Credit Loan 102 Levels........................................ 7-8..... Face Value of Government-Sponsored Lending..... 103 7-9..... Lending and Borrowing By Government-Sponsored 104 Enterprises (GSEs)............................ 7-10.... Direct Loan Transactions of the Federal CD-ROM Government.................................... 7-11.... Guaranteed Loan Transactions of the Federal CD-ROM Government.................................... Aid to State and Local Governments: 8-1..... Federal Grant Outlays by Agency................ 107 8-2..... Summary of PART Ratings and Scores for Grants 111 to State and Local Governments................ 8-3..... Trends in Federal Grants to State and Local 113 Governments................................... 8-4..... Federal Grants to State and Local Governments-- 116 Budget Authority and Outlays.................. 8-5..... Summary of Programs by Agency, Bureau, and 125 Program....................................... 8-6..... Summary of Programs by State................... 126 8-7..... School Breakfast Program....................... 127 8-8..... National School Lunch Program.................. 128 8-9..... Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for 129 Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)............ 8-10.... Child and Adult Care Food Program.............. 130 8-11.... State Administrative Matching Grants for Food 131 Stamp Program................................. 8-12.... Title I Grants to Local Educational Agencies... 132 8-13.... Improving Teacher Quality State Grants......... 133 8-14.... Special Education--Grants to States............ 134 8-15.... Rehabilitation Services--Vocational 135 Rehabilitation Grants to States............... 8-16.... State Children's Health Insurance Program...... 136 8-17.... Grants to States for Medicaid.................. 137 8-18.... Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)-- 138 Family Assistance Grants...................... [[Page vii]] 8-19.... Child Support Enforcement--Federal Share of 139 State and Local Administrative Costs and Incentives.................................... 8-20.... Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program...... 140 8-21.... Child Care and Development Block Grant......... 141 8-22.... Child Care and Development Fund--Mandatory..... 142 8-23.... Child Care and Development Fund--Matching...... 143 8-24.... Head Start..................................... 144 8-25.... Foster Care--Title IV-E........................ 145 8-26.... Adoption Assistance............................ 146 8-27.... Social Services Block Grant.................... 147 8-28.... Public Housing Operating Fund.................. 148 8-29.... Section 8 Housing Choice Vouchers.............. 149 8-30.... Public Housing Capital Fund.................... 150 8-31.... Community Development Block Grants............. 151 8-32.... HOME Investment Partnerships Program........... 152 8-33.... Airport Improvement Program.................... 153 8-34.... Highway Planning and Construction.............. 154 8-35.... Federal Transit Formula Grants and Research.... 155 8-36.... Universal Service Fund E-Rate.................. 156 Integrating Services with Information Technology: 9-1..... Effectiveness of Agencys' IT Management and E- CD-ROM Gov Processes................................. 9-2..... Management Guidance............................ CD-ROM 9-3..... Management Watch List for FY 2008.............. CD-ROM 9-4..... High Risk IT Project List As of September 30, CD-ROM 2007.......................................... 9-5..... Agencies with IT Investments on the Management CD-ROM Watch List.................................... 9-6..... FY 2009 Exhibit 300 Evaluation Criteria........ CD-ROM 9-7..... Comparison of the Management Watch List by CD-ROM Fiscal Year................................... 9-8..... Number of Recurring Investments on the CD-ROM Management Watch List......................... 9-9..... Lines of Business (LoB) Update................. CD-ROM 9-10.... Status of E-Government Initiatives............. CD-ROM Federal Drug Control Funding: 10-1.... Federal Drug Control Funding, FY 2007-2009..... 163 California-Federal Bay-Delta Program Budget Crosscut (CALFED): Text Table: CALFED-Related Federal Funding Budget 165 Crosscut...................................... CALFED FY 1998-2009 Budget Crosscut CD-ROM Methodology................................... CALFED Federal Agency Funding--Summary by CD-ROM Category and Agency Breakout.................. CALFED Project Descriptions................ CD-ROM CALFED Fiscal Years 2006-2007 Federal CD-ROM Funding....................................... CALFED Fiscal Years 2008-2009 Funding Under CD-ROM New and Old Authority......................... CALFED State Agency Funding................ CD-ROM Department of the Interior Certification of CD-ROM Budget Numbers................................ Economic Assumptions and Analyses Economic Assumptions: 12-1.... Economic Assumptions........................... 172 12-2.... Comparison of Economic Assumptions............. 173 12-3.... Comparison of Economic Assumptions in the 2008 175 and 2009 Budgets.............................. 12-4.... Adjusted Structural Balance.................... 175 12-5.... Sensitivity of the Budget to Economic 177 Assumptions................................... Stewardship: 13-1.... Government Assets and Liabilities.............. 185 [[Page viii]] 13-2.... Long-Run Budget Projections.................... 188 13-3.... Scheduled Benefits in Excess of Future Taxes 196 and Premiums--Actuarial Present Values........ 13-4.... Sources of the Tax Gap from Income 198 Underreporting................................ 13-5.... National Wealth................................ 200 13-6.... Trends in National Wealth...................... 201 13-7.... Economic and Social Indicators................. 202 National Income and Product Accounts: 14-1.... Federal Transactions in the National Income and 209 Product Accounts, 1998-2009................... 14-2.... Relationship of the Budget to the Federal 211 Sector, NIPA's................................ Budget Reform Proposals Budget Reform Proposals: 15-1.... Mandatory Proposals Subject to PAYGO........... 215 15-2.... Discretionary Caps and Adjustments............. 217 15-3.... Program Integrity Base and Cap Adjustments..... 218 15-4.... Direct Savings Estimated from 2009 Program 219 Integrity Funding............................. 15-5.... Transportation Category for Highways and Mass 220 Transit Spending.............................. Federal Borrowing and Debt Federal Borrowing and Debt: 16-1.... Trends in Federal Debt Held by the Public...... 229 16-2.... Federal Government Financing and Debt.......... 232 16-3.... Agency Debt.................................... 234 16-4.... Debt Held by Government Accounts............... 236 16-5.... Federal Funds Financing and Change in Debt 240 Subject to Statutory Limit.................... 16-6.... Foreign Holdings of Federal Debt............... 240 Federal Receipts and Collections Federal Receipts: 17-1.... Receipts by Source--Summary.................... 245 17-2.... Effect on Receipts of Changes in the Social 245 Security Taxable Earnings Base................ 17-3.... Effect of Proposals on Receipts................ 265 17-4.... Receipts by Source............................. 268 User Charges and Other Collections: 18-1.... Gross Outlays, User Charges, Other Offsetting 271 Collections and Receipts from the Public, and Net Outlays................................... 18-2.... Total User Charge Collections.................. 274 18-3.... User Fee and Other User Charge Proposals....... 276 18-4.... Offsetting Collections and Receipts from the 282 Public........................................ 18-5.... Offsetting Receipts by Type.................... 283 Tax Expenditures: 19-1.... Estimates of Total Income Tax Expenditures..... 288 19-2.... Estimates of Tax Expenditures for the Corporate 293 and Individual Income Taxes................... 19-3.... Income Tax Expenditures Ranked by Total 2009- 298 2013 Projected Revenue Effect................. 19-4.... Present Value of Selected Tax Expenditures for 301 Activity in Calendar Year 2007................ Appendix A: Treasury Review of the Tax Expenditure 315 Presentation............................................. Appendix Tables: 1. Comparison of Current Tax Expenditures with 324 Those Implied by a Comprehensive Income Tax... 2. Comparison of Current Tax Expenditures with 325 Those Implied by a Comprehensive Consumption Tax........................................... 3....... Revised Tax Expenditure Estimates.............. 325 Appendix B: Performance Measures and the Economic Effects 325 of Tax Expenditures...................................... [[Page ix]] Dimensions of the Budget Comparison of Actual to Estimated Totals: 20-1.... Comparison of Actual 2007 Receipts with the 331 Initial Current Services Estimates............ 20-2.... Comparison of Actual 2007 Outlays with the 332 Initial Current Services Estimates............ 20-3.... Comparison of the Actual 2007 Deficit with the 333 Initial Current Services Estimate............. 20-4.... Comparison of Actual and Estimated Outlays for 334 Mandatory and Related Programs Under Current Law........................................... 20-5.... Reconciliation of Final Amounts for 2007....... 335 20-6.... Comparison of Estimated and Actual Surpluses or 336 Deficits Since 1982........................... 20-7.... Differences Between Estimated and Actual 337 Surpluses or Deficits for Five-Year Budget Estimates Since 1982.......................... Outlays to Public, Gross and Net: 21-1.... Total Outlays, Gross and Net of Offsetting 340 Collections and Receipts from the Public, by Agency, 2007-2009............................. Trust Funds and Federal Funds: 22-1.... Receipts, Outlays, and Surplus or Deficit by 342 Fund Group.................................... 22-2.... Income, Outgo, and Balances of Trust Funds 343 Group......................................... 22-3.... Comparison of Total Federal Fund and Trust Fund 344 Receipts to Unified Budget Receipts, Fiscal Year 2007..................................... 22-4.... Income, Outgo, and Balances of Major Trust 346 Funds......................................... 22-5.... Income, Outgo, and Balances of Selected Federal 353 Funds......................................... Off-Budget Federal Entities and Non-Budgetary Activities: 23-1.... Comparison of Total, On-Budget, and Off-Budget 358 Transactions.................................. Federal Employment and Compensation: Text Table: .......... ...... Overseas Staffing Under Chief of Mission 364 Authority..................................... 24-1.... Federal Civilian Employment in the Executive 365 Branch........................................ 24-2.... Total Federal Employment (as measured by Full- 367 Time Equivalents)............................. 24-3.... Personnel Compensation and Benefits............ 368 Current Service Estimates Current Service Estimates: 25-1.... Baseline Category Totals....................... 371 25-2.... Impact of Budget Policy........................ 372 25-3.... Alternative Baseline Assumptions............... 374 25-4.... Summary of Economic Assumptions................ 374 25-5.... Beneficiary Projections for Major Benefit 375 Programs...................................... 25-6.... Impact of Regulations, Expiring Authorizations, 376 and Other Assumptions in the Baseline......... 25-7.... Baseline Receipts by Source.................... 383 25-8.... Change in Baseline Outlay Estimates by 384 Category...................................... 25-9.... Current Services Outlays by Function........... 385 25-10... Current Services Outlays by Agency............. 386 25-11... Current Services Budget Authority by Function.. 387 25-12... Current Services Budget Authority by Agency.... 388 25-13... Current Services Budget Authority by Function, CD-ROM Category and Program.......................... 25-14... Current Services Outlays by Function, Category CD-ROM and Program................................... The Budget System and Concepts The Budget System and Concepts: 26-1.... Totals for the Budget and the Federal 395 Government.................................... Detailed Functional Tables Detailed Functional Tables: 27-1.... Budget Authority and Outlays by Function, CD-ROM Category and Program.......................... [[Page x]] Federal Programs by Agency and Account Federal Programs by Agency and Account: 28-1.... Federal Programs by Agency and Account......... CD-ROM