[Title 3 CFR ]
[Code of Federal Regulations (annual edition) - January 1, 1998 Edition]
[From the U.S. Government Printing Office]
[[Page i]]
The President
3
1997 COMPILATION
AND
PARTS 100-102
Revised as of January 1, 1998
Published by
the Office of the Federal Register
National Archives and Records Administration
as a Special Edition of
the Federal Register
[[Page ii]]
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON: 1998
For sale by U.S. Government Printing Office
Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328
[[Page iii]]
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
List of Title 3 Compilations..........................................iv
Explanation of the Code of Federal Regulations.........................v
Explanation of This Title.............................................ix
How To Cite This Title................................................xi
Title 3.............................................................xiii
1997 Compilation--Presidential Documents..........................1
Chapter I--Executive Office of the President....................325
Title 3 Finding Aids.................................................345
Tables..........................................................347
List of CFR Sections Affected...................................365
Index...........................................................367
CFR Finding Aids.....................................................377
Table of CFR Titles and Chapters................................379
Alphabetical List of Agencies Appearing in the CFR..............395
[[Page iv]]
TITLE 3 COMPILATIONS
________________________________________________________________________
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Title 3 Compilations Proclamations Executive Orders
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1936-1938..................... 2161-2286.......... 7316-7905
1938-1943..................... 2287-2587.......... 7906-9347
1943-1948..................... 2588-2823.......... 9348-10025
1949-1953..................... 2824-3041.......... 10026-10510
1954-1958..................... 3042-3265.......... 10511-10797
1959-1963..................... 3266-3565.......... 10798-11134
1964-1965..................... 3566-3694.......... 11135-11263
1966-1970..................... 3695-4025.......... 11264-11574
1971-1975..................... 4026-4411.......... 11575-11893
1976.......................... 4412-4480.......... 11894-11949
1977.......................... 4481-4543.......... 11950-12032
1978.......................... 4544-4631.......... 12033-12110
1979.......................... 4632-4709.......... 12111-12187
1980.......................... 4710-4812.......... 12188-12260
1981.......................... 4813-4889.......... 12261-12336
1982.......................... 4890-5008.......... 12337-12399
1983.......................... 5009-5142.......... 12400-12456
1984.......................... 5143-5291.......... 12457-12497
1985.......................... 5292-5424.......... 12498-12542
1986.......................... 5425-5595.......... 12543-12579
1987.......................... 5596-5759.......... 12580-12622
1988.......................... 5760-5928.......... 12623-12662
1989.......................... 5929-6084.......... 12663-12698
1990.......................... 6085-6240.......... 12699-12741
1991.......................... 6241-6398.......... 12742-12787
1992.......................... 6399-6520.......... 12788-12827
1993.......................... 6521-6643.......... 12828-12890
1994.......................... 6644-6763.......... 12891-12944
1995.......................... 6764-6859.......... 12945-12987
1996.......................... 6860-6965.......... 12988-13033
1997.......................... 6966-7061.......... 13034-13071
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Beginning with 1976, Title 3 Compilations also include regulations
contained in Chapter I, Executive Office of the President.
Supplementary publications include: Presidential documents of the Hoover
Administration (two volumes), Proclamations 1870-2037 and Executive
Orders 5076-6070; Consolidated Indexes for 1936-1965; and Consolidated
Tables for 1936-1965.
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EXPLANATION
The Code of Federal Regulations is a codification of the general and
permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the Executive
departments and agencies of the Federal Government. The Code is divided
into 50 titles which represent broad areas subject to Federal
regulation. Each title is divided into chapters which usually bear the
name of the issuing agency. Each chapter is further subdivided into
parts covering specific regulatory areas.
Each volume of the Code is revised at least once each calendar year
and issued on a quarterly basis approximately as follows:
Title 1 through Title 16.................................as of January 1
Title 17 through Title 27..................................as of April 1
Title 28 through Title 41...................................as of July 1
Title 42 through Title 50................................as of October 1
The appropriate revision date is printed on the cover of each
volume.
LEGAL STATUS
The contents of the Federal Register are required to be judicially
noticed (44 U.S.C. 1507). The Code of Federal Regulations is prima facie
evidence of the text of the original documents (44 U.S.C. 1510).
HOW TO USE THE CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS
The Code of Federal Regulations is kept up to date by the individual
issues of the Federal Register. These two publications must be used
together to determine the latest version of any given rule.
To determine whether a Code volume has been amended since its
revision date (in this case, January 1, 1998), consult the ``List of CFR
Sections Affected (LSA),'' which is issued monthly, and the ``Cumulative
List of Parts Affected,'' which appears in the Reader Aids section of
the daily Federal Register. These two lists will identify the Federal
Register page number of the latest amendment of any given rule.
EFFECTIVE AND EXPIRATION DATES
Each volume of the Code contains amendments published in the Federal
Register since the last revision of that volume of the Code. Source
citations for the regulations are referred to by volume number and page
number of the Federal Register and date of publication. Publication
dates and effective dates are usually not the same and care must be
exercised by the user in determining the actual effective date. In
instances where the effective date is beyond the cut-off date for the
Code a note has been inserted to reflect the future effective date. In
those instances where a regulation published in the Federal Register
states a date certain for expiration, an appropriate note will be
inserted following the text.
OMB CONTROL NUMBERS
The Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 (Pub. L. 96-511) requires
Federal agencies to display an OMB control number with their information
collection request.
[[Page vi]]
Many agencies have begun publishing numerous OMB control numbers as
amendments to existing regulations in the CFR. These OMB numbers are
placed as close as possible to the applicable recordkeeping or reporting
requirements.
OBSOLETE PROVISIONS
Provisions that become obsolete before the revision date stated on
the cover of each volume are not carried. Code users may find the text
of provisions in effect on a given date in the past by using the
appropriate numerical list of sections affected. For the period before
January 1, 1986, consult either the List of CFR Sections Affected, 1949-
1963, 1964-1972, or 1973-1985, published in seven separate volumes. For
the period beginning January 1, 1986, a ``List of CFR Sections
Affected'' is published at the end of each CFR volume.
CFR INDEXES AND TABULAR GUIDES
A subject index to the Code of Federal Regulations is contained in a
separate volume, revised annually as of January 1, entitled CFR Index
and Finding Aids. This volume contains the Parallel Table of Statutory
Authorities and Agency Rules (Table I), and Acts Requiring Publication
in the Federal Register (Table II). A list of CFR titles, chapters, and
parts and an alphabetical list of agencies publishing in the CFR are
also included in this volume.
An index to the text of ``Title 3--The President'' is carried within
that volume.
The Federal Register Index is issued monthly in cumulative form.
This index is based on a consolidation of the ``Contents'' entries in
the daily Federal Register.
A List of CFR Sections Affected (LSA) is published monthly, keyed to
the revision dates of the 50 CFR titles.
REPUBLICATION OF MATERIAL
There are no restrictions on the republication of material appearing
in the Code of Federal Regulations.
INQUIRIES
For a legal interpretation or explanation of any regulation in this
volume, contact the issuing agency. The issuing agency's name appears at
the top of odd-numbered pages.
For inquiries concerning CFR reference assistance, call 202-523-5227
or write to the Director, Office of the Federal Register, National
Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC 20408 or e-mail
[email protected].
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ELECTRONIC SERVICES
The texts of the Code of Federal Regulations, The United States
Government Manual, the Federal Register, Public Laws, Weekly Compilation
of Presidential Documents, and the 1995 Privacy Act Compilation are
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[[Page vii]]
The Office of the Federal Register maintains a free electronic
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Delivery), for public law numbers, Federal Register finding aids, and
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In addition, the Federal Register's public inspection list and table
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Administration's Fax-on-Demand system. Phone, 301-713-6905.
Raymond A. Mosley,
Director,
Office of the Federal Register.
January 1, 1998.
[[Page viii]]
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EXPLANATION OF THIS TITLE
This volume of ``Title 3--The President'' contains a compilation of
Presidential documents and a codification of regulations issued by the
Executive Office of the President.
The 1997 Compilation contains the full text of those documents
signed by the President that were required to be published in the
Federal Register. Signature date rather than publication date is the
criterion for inclusion. With each annual volume, the Presidential
documents signed in the previous year become the new Compilation.
Chapter I contains regulations issued by the Executive Office of the
President. This section is a true codification like other CFR volumes,
in that its contents are organized by subject or regulatory area and are
updated by individual issues of the Federal Register.
Presidential documents in this volume may be cited ``3 CFR, 1997
Comp.'' Thus, the preferred abbreviated citation for Proclamation 6966
appearing on page 1 of this book, is ``3 CFR, 1997 Comp., p. 1.''
Chapter I entries may be cited ``3 CFR.'' Thus, the preferred
abbreviated citation for Section 100.735-1, appearing in Chapter I of
this book, is ``3 CFR 100.735-1.''
This book is one of the volumes in a series that began with
Proclamation 2161 of March 19, 1936, and Executive Order 7316 of March
13, 1936, and that has been continued by means of annual compilations
and periodic cumulations. The entire Title 3 series, as of January 1,
1998, is encompassed in the volumes listed on page iv.
For readers interested in proclamations and Executive orders prior
to 1936, there is a two-volume set entitled Proclamations and Executive
Orders, Herbert Hoover (March 4, 1929, to March 4, 1933). Codified
Presidential documents are published in the Codification of Presidential
Proclamations and Executive Orders (April 13, 1945--January 20, 1989).
Other public Presidential documents not required to be published in the
Federal Register, such as speeches, messages to Congress, and
statements, can be found in the Weekly Compilation of Presidential
Documents and the Public Papers of the Presidents series. Each of these
Office of the Federal Register publications is available for sale from
the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington,
DC 20402.
This book was prepared in the Presidential Documents and Legislative
Division by Anna Glover, Carolyn Wood Hill, John S. Ashlin, Maxine Hill,
and Brad Brooks.
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________________________________________________________________________
Cite Presidential documents in this volume
3 CFR, 1997 Comp.
thus: 3 CFR, 1997 Comp., p. 1
______________________________________________________________________
Cite Chapter I entries in this volume
3 CFR
thus: 3 CFR 100.735-1
________________________________________________________________________
[[Page xii]]
[[Page xiii]]
TITLE 3--THE PRESIDENT
Page
1997 Compilation--Presidential Documents:
Proclamations.....................................................1
Executive Orders................................................187
Other Presidential Documents....................................245
Chapter I--Executive Office of the President:
Part 100........................................................326
Part 101........................................................337
Part 102........................................................338
Finding Aids:
Table 1--Proclamations..........................................347
Table 2--Executive Orders.......................................351
Table 3--Other Presidential Documents...........................353
Table 4--Presidential Documents Affected During 1997............357
Table 5--Statutes Cited as Authority for Presidential Documents.361
List of CFR Sections Affected...................................365
Index...........................................................367
CFR Finding Aids:
Table of CFR Titles and Chapters................................379
Alphabetical List of Agencies Appearing in the CFR..............395
TITLE 3--Presidential Documents
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1997 Compilation--Presidential Documents
________________________________________________________________________
PROCLAMATIONS
________________________________________________________________________
Proclamation 6966 of January 16, 1997
Religious Freedom Day, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Every day, in neighborhoods and communities across our Nation, Americans
come together to worship and to reaffirm their most deeply held
spiritual values. Our right to worship freely--each in our own way--is
essential to our well-being. Religious Freedom Day offers us an
invaluable opportunity to reflect on this precious human right and to
give thanks for its protection in our Nation.
Freedom from religious persecution was of such profound importance to
our founders that they placed it first among the freedoms guaranteed by
the Bill of Rights. History has proved the wisdom of that decision.
America's commitment to religious tolerance has empowered us to achieve
an atmosphere of understanding, trust, and respect in a society of
diverse cultures and religious traditions. And today, much of the world
still looks to the United States as the champion of religious liberty.
Yet, even in America, we must be ever vigilant in protecting the
freedoms so important to our ancestors and so admired by people
throughout the world. The church arsons and the desecration of
synagogues and mosques in recent years demonstrated for us all that our
country is not entirely free from violence and religious hatred. My
Administration took quick and decisive action, including working with
the Congress to help churches rebuild and to prevent future incidents.
And I am pleased that the American people are coming together as a
national community to speak out against such crimes and to renew the
climate of trust and tolerance so that all our people can worship
without fear.
[[Page 2]]
We must also support the aspirations of ethnic and religious minorities
in other nations as they strive for their own right to worship freely.
My Administration has established the Advisory Committee on Religious
Freedom Abroad to provide counsel on how best to prevent persecution and
promote reconciliation among people of different faiths. I invite all
nations to join us in supporting individuals in houses of worship around
the world as they exercise one of the most sacred of human rights.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim January 16, 1997, as
Religious Freedom Day. I call upon the people of the United States to
observe this day with appropriate ceremonies and activities, and I urge
them to reaffirm their commitment to the principle of religious freedom.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this sixteenth day of
January, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 6967 of January 17, 1997
Martin Luther King, Jr., Federal Holiday, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
People throughout the world celebrate the birthday of Dr. Martin Luther
King, Jr., as a tribute to his shining example of love and justice.
Dr. King was a man of clear and powerful vision who offered an
uncompromising message of brotherhood and hope at a time when violence
and racial intolerance tore at the seams of our Nation. In addressing
these ills, he often referred to what he called the ``magnificent
words'' of the Declaration of Independence, which proclaimed that ``all
men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with
certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the
pursuit of Happiness.'' He declared these words to be ``a promissory
note to which every American was to fall heir,'' and upon which payment
could no longer be delayed. Dr. King's struggle made it possible for all
of us to move closer to the ideals set forth in the Declaration of
Independence and in our Constitution.
Although ours is the most successful multiracial, multicultural society
in human history, in the words of Dr. King, ``our work is not yet
done.'' We have not yet fully realized Dr. King's dream of a Nation of
full opportunity, genuine equality, and consistent fair play for all.
Every citizen must rise to meet that challenge because America's promise
of freedom and opportunity cannot truly be realized for any of us until
it is realized for every one of us. We all have an obligation to reach
out to one another--across the artificial barriers of race, gender,
religion, class, and age--so that each member of our society shares
fully in the promise of the American Dream.
[[Page 3]]
In the spring of 1963, Dr. King was arrested in Birmingham, Alabama,
while protesting discrimination in public accommodations and employment.
From his jail cell, he wrote of his faith that ultimately what was good
in America would prevail over fear and prejudice:
We will reach the goal of freedom in Birmingham and all over the
nation, because the goal of America is freedom. Abused and scorned
though we may be, our destiny is tied up with the destiny of America. .
. . We will win our freedom because the sacred heritage of our nation
and the eternal will of God are embodied in our echoing demands.
As I begin my second term as the last President of the 20th century, I
ask each American to work with me to usher in a new era of hope,
reconciliation, and fellowship among all our people--rich and poor,
young and old, and men and women of every race. I urge all Americans to
put intolerance behind us, seek common ground, and strive for justice
and community in our Nation.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim Monday, January 20, 1997,
as the Martin Luther King, Jr., Federal Holiday. I call upon the people
of the United States to observe this occasion with appropriate programs,
ceremonies, and activities.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this seventeenth day of
January, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 6968 of January 20, 1997
National Day of Hope and Renewal, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Today as we celebrate the last Presidential Inauguration of the 20th
century and raise our sights with hope and humility toward the
challenges of a new age, let us together ask God's guidance and
blessing.
This day marks not a personal or political victory but the triumph of a
free people who have freely chosen the course our country will take as
we prepare for the 21st century.
During the past 4 years, we have grown together as a people and as a
Nation. Touched by tragedy, strengthened by achievement, exhilarated by
the challenges and opportunities ahead, we have come a long way on our
journey to change America's course for the better. We have always been a
people of hope--hope that we can make tomorrow brighter than today, hope
that we can fulfill our Nation's enduring promise of freedom and
oppor-
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tunity. And we have always known that, by the grace of God and our
mutual labor, we can make our hopes reality.
Today, we live in an age of possibility--a moment of rich opportunity
that brings with it a deep responsibility for the future and the
generations to come. We must seize this special moment with a commitment
to do right by those who will follow us in this blessed land.
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., whose life and vision we honor today,
recognized that the destiny of each American is bound to the destiny of
all Americans; that if we are to go forward, we must go forward
together. So, let us pledge today to continue our national journey
together. Let us reaffirm our commitment to our shared values of family
and faith, work and opportunity. And let us resolve to work together,
one Nation under God, to build a bridge of hope and renewal to a new
American century.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by the authority vested in me by the Constitution and laws of
the United States, do hereby proclaim January 20, 1997, a National Day
of Hope and Renewal, and I call upon the citizens of this great Nation
to observe this day by reflecting on their obligations to one another
and to our beloved country and by facing the future with a spirit of
hope and renewal.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twentieth day of
January, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 6969 of January 27, 1997
To Modify Application of Duty-Free Treatment of Certain Articles Under
the Generalized System of Preferences, and for Other Purposes
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
1. Pursuant to section 503(c)(1) of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended by
Public Law 104-88; 110 Stat. 1755, 1922 (``the 1974 Act''), the
President may withdraw, suspend, or limit the application of the duty-
free treatment accorded under section 501 of the 1974 Act (19 U.S.C.
2461) with respect to any article. With due regard for the factors set
forth in sections 501 and 502(c) of the 1974 Act (19 U.S.C. 2461 and
2462(c)), I have determined that it is appropriate to modify the
application of duty-free treatment under title V of the 1974 Act for
certain articles, including certain goods previously eligible for such
treatment that the Customs Service has reclassified.
2. Presidential Proclamation 6961 of November 28, 1996, provided import
relief with respect to certain broom corn brooms. For certain
subheadings of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS)
established to carry out this relief, provisions were omitted that would
have continued
[[Page 5]]
staged reductions of special rates of duty for the goods
concerned, previously proclaimed pursuant to section 201(a) of the North
American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act (19 U.S.C. 3331(a)).
Further, other HTS provisions established by that proclamation contain
conflicting dates that complicate their administration. To rectify these
omissions and to permit proper administration of the import relief, I
have decided that it is necessary and appropriate to continue previously
proclaimed duty treatment for the affected goods and to make technical
corrections in certain HTS provisions.
3. Section 213 of the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act, as amended
(CBERA) (19 U.S.C. 2703), and section 204 of the Andean Trade Preference
Act (ATPA) (19 U.S.C. 3203) authorize the President to provide duty-free
entry for all eligible articles, and duty reductions for certain other
articles, that are the product of any country that has been designated
as a beneficiary country under those Acts. To clarify the preferential
tariff treatment provided to particular dutiable goods that are the
product of beneficiary countries under the CBERA or the ATPA and that
are eligible to enter under HTS heading 9802.00.80, which provides for
certain goods assembled abroad using components of U.S. origin, I have
decided it is appropriate to provide special rates of duty for purposes
of the CBERA and of the ATPA in heading 9802.00.80 to apply to such
goods.
4. Presidential Proclamation 6948 of October 29, 1996, modified tariff
provisions concerning special import quotas for upland cotton. That
proclamation also modified certain provisions of the HTS and of prior
Presidential proclamations to correct technical errors and to clarify
the intent of previously proclaimed modifications. In proclaiming the
modifications to the provisions on upland cotton, a conforming change to
U.S. note 6 to subchapter III of chapter 99 of the HTS was omitted.
Further, the instructions in section A(5)(c) of Annex II to such
proclamation concerning modifications to subchapter IV of chapter 99 to
the HTS contained an error. To rectify the omission and to correct the
error in instructions, I have decided it is necessary and appropriate to
modify U.S. note 6 to subchapter III of chapter 99 of the HTS and to
amend the instructions in section A(5)(c) of Annex II to Proclamation
6948.
5. Presidential Proclamation 6763 of December 23, 1994, implemented with
respect to the United States the trade agreements resulting from the
Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations, including Schedule
XX--United States of America, annexed to the Marrakesh Protocol to the
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994. A conforming change in a
subheading in subchapter V of chapter 99 of the HTS was omitted from
Proclamation 6763. Further, particular HTS additional U.S. notes
implementing tariff-rate quotas (TRQs) for specified agricultural
products do not clearly reflect the intended quota periods and the
quantities permitted entry during such quota periods and have caused
administrative difficulties. In order to make the necessary conforming
change and to correct the legal notes controlling such TRQs, I have
decided it is necessary and appropriate to modify a subheading in
subchapter V of chapter 99 and the legal notes pertaining to such TRQs.
6. Presidential Proclamation 6857 of December 11, 1995, implemented with
respect to the United States certain modifications to the HTS, in
conformity with the obligations of the United States under the
International Conven-
[[Page 6]]
tion on the Harmonized Commodity Description and
Coding System. The Annex to that proclamation omitted provisions that
would have continued previously proclaimed staged reductions of certain
rates of duty for the goods concerned, pursuant to section 111(a) of the
Uruguay Round Agreements Act (URAA) (19 U.S.C. 3521(a)). To rectify
these omissions, I have decided that it is necessary and appropriate to
provide for the continuation of previously proclaimed duty treatment for
the affected goods.
7. (a) Section 115 of the URAA (19 U.S.C. 3524) requires the President
to (1) obtain advice regarding certain proposed actions; (2) submit a
report to the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of
Representatives and the Committee on Finance of the Senate; and (3)
consult with those Committees on the proposed action during a subsequent
60-day period to meet the consultation and layover requirements of that
section.
(b) Section 604 of the 1974 Act, as amended (19 U.S.C. 2483),
authorizes the President to embody in the HTS the substance of the
relevant provisions of that Act, and of other acts affecting import
treatment, and actions thereunder, including the removal, modification,
continuance, or imposition of any rate of duty or other import
restriction.
8. I have decided that it is appropriate to authorize the United States
Trade Representative (USTR) to perform the functions specified in
section 115 of the URAA and certain functions under section 604 of the
1974 Act.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, acting under the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
the laws of the United States, including but not limited to section 503
of the 1974 Act, section 213 of the CBERA, section 204 of the ATPA,
section 604 of the 1974 Act, and section 301 of title 3, United States
Code, do proclaim that:
(1) In order to reflect in the HTS various technical and conforming
changes, to correct provisions of Proclamations 6948 and 6961, and to
modify the special duty rates subcolumn for heading 9802.00.80, the HTS
and Proclamations 6948 and 6961 are each modified as set forth in
Annexes I and II to this proclamation.
(2) In order to modify the application of duty-free treatment under
title V of the 1974 Act for certain articles, the HTS is modified as set
forth in Annex III to this proclamation.
(3) The modifications to the HTS made by Annexes I, II, and III to
this proclamation shall be effective with respect to goods entered, or
withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after the dates set
forth in such Annexes and during the time periods specified therein.
(4) The USTR is authorized to perform the functions vested in the
President under section 115 of the URAA. In addition, the USTR is
authorized to exercise the authority provided to the President under
section 604 of the 1974 Act to embody rectifications, technical or
conforming changes, or similar modifications in the HTS.
(5) Any provisions of previous proclamations and Executive orders
that are inconsistent with the actions taken in this proclamation are
superseded to the extent of such inconsistency.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-seventh day
of January, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven,
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and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred
and twenty-first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
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Proclamation 6970 of January 30, 1997
National African American History Month, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
For much of the past century, the contributions that African Americans
and other minorities have made to our Nation's progress were not fully
recognized. African American History Month is an important means by
which we help right that wrong. It awakens our collective social
conscience to the importance of giving all of our children a complete
and accurate record of their country's history. And, perhaps most
important, it helps to reinforce America's highest ideals--our respect
for diversity, community, and freedom.
During this time of celebration and learning we are inspired by the
courage, wisdom, and vision of men and women such as Frederick Douglass,
Harriet Tubman, Carter G. Woodson, and Fannie Lou Hamer. These great
Americans dedicated their lives to ensuring that the ideals of freedom
and equality are guaranteed to all. Their noble efforts--and the efforts
of those they inspired--renewed the spirit of our founding creed: ``All
men are created equal.'' As we approach the 21st century, it is more
vital than ever that we remain vigilant in protecting the ideals these
visionary leaders fought so hard to uphold. We must continue to extend
the circle of equality, justice, and opportunity until it embraces every
American.
As we pay homage to our past, throughout the month of February and all
year long, let us, with enlightened minds and emboldened hearts,
continue the legacy of the civil rights movement. Let us present a
diverse but united front to those who would reverse the vital progress
that has been made. As the world's beacon of hope and freedom, let us
approach the new millennium keeping this vigil.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim February 1997 as National
African American History Month. I call upon public officials, educators,
librarians, and all the people of the United States to observe this
month with appropriate ceremonies, activities, and programs that raise
awareness of African American history.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this thirtieth day of
January, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
[[Page 19]]
Proclamation 6971 of February 1, 1997
American Heart Month, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
More than 700,000 men and women die each year of heart disease, making
it the leading cause of death in our country. Annually, about 1.5
million Americans suffer heart attacks, one-third of which are fatal.
Collectively, diseases of the heart and blood vessels claim about
960,000 American lives annually. These statistics only hint at the
individual and collective tragedy brought on by heart disease and stroke
and underscore the need for us to do everything possible to combat
cardiovascular diseases.
Research has brought dramatic improvements to our knowledge of heart
disease and how to combat it. We have learned much in recent years and
now know that the processes leading to heart disease typically begin
early in life and worsen over the years; symptoms often do not appear
for decades. We also better understand the effects of genetics, gender,
and lifestyle. High blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, smoking,
diabetes, and obesity increase the risk of developing heart disease;
physical activity can reduce the risk of suffering from cardiovascular
disease, including stroke.
Additionally, research has brought improved diagnostic methods and
treatments for those afflicted with heart disease. Noninvasive imaging
devices can now show the heart at work inside the body, giving doctors
more precise information about their patient's condition. And new tests
and therapies allow us to detect and treat a heart attack more
effectively and minimize damage to the heart muscle.
These striking developments in biomedical techniques and increased
public awareness and education have helped reduce the death rate from
heart disease by nearly 60 percent in the past 30 years, and deaths from
stroke by about 65 percent.
The Federal Government has contributed to these advances by supporting
research and public education programs of the National Heart, Lung, and
Blood Institute, part of the National Institutes of Health. The American
Heart Association also has played a crucial role in bringing about these
remarkable accomplishments through its research and education programs
and the work of dedicated volunteers.
Yet much remains to be done. The incidence of obesity has risen
dramatically over the past 30 years, and renewed efforts are needed to
make all Americans aware of how they can lower the risks of heart
disease by adopting a commonsense regimen of diet, exercise, and, in
some cases, medication.
More, too, must be done to help survivors of initial heart attacks live
full lives. Within six years of a heart attack, for instance, more than
a third of those afflicted develop severe and often disabling chest
pain. One-fourth or more of them will have another heart attack, and
another fifth suffer heart failure. The challenges posed by heart
disease are becoming ever more pressing as America ages and more of us
live beyond age 65--the group most affected by this disease.
[[Page 20]]
In the face of these daunting challenges, we Americans, acting
individually and collectively, can fight heart disease and give
ourselves and our families a healthy future.
In recognition of these important needs in the ongoing battle against
cardiovascular disease, the Congress, by Joint Resolution approved
December 30, 1963 (77 Stat. 843; 36 U.S.C. 169b), has requested that the
President issue an annual proclamation designating February as
``American Heart Month.''
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, do hereby proclaim February 1997, as American Heart Month. I
invite the Governors of the States, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico,
officials of other areas subject to the jurisdiction of the United
States, and the American people to join me in reaffirming our commitment
to combating cardiovascular disease and stroke.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this first day of
February, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 6972 of February 8, 1997
National Child Passenger Safety Week, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Children are our Nation's most precious gift, and one of our most
profound responsibilities is protecting their health, well-being, and
safety. Nowhere is this duty more critical than on America's streets and
highways.
Automobile accidents are the leading cause of death for America's young
people. It is tragic that a high proportion of these deaths could be
prevented, but are not. For example, we know that seat belts save
lives--last year they prevented the deaths of almost 10,000 Americans--
and, yet, many still fail to wear them.
I encourage all Americans to take a few simple steps to ensure that
their families travel safely. The most important rule is also the
simplest: The safest place for children is the back seat. Also, parents
and guardians must always make sure that children are secured, either in
a locked seat belt or in an appropriate child safety seat.
I commend the Department of Transportation for its ``Patterns for Life''
program, begun in 1996 to focus attention on correct child safety seat
use and the proper positioning of children and their safety seats away
from air bags. Working through national safety organizations and State
public safety and highway offices, this program offers a network of
qualified child passenger safety trainers to provide communities with
the valuable resources they need to reduce motor vehicle-related deaths
and injuries.
Laws exist in every State and the District of Columbia that require
proper restraints for younger children. However, 40 percent of our
children under
[[Page 21]]
five are still not properly restrained. We must do better
to enforce the existing laws and protect our precious cargo.
The steps we take now will make our roads safer and our children more
secure. My Administration is striving to increase the use of seat belts
throughout the Nation. We are also working with automobile makers, car
dealers, private organizations, and insurance companies to teach parents
how to install child safety seats properly, and new technologies will
eventually make air bags safer for children.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim February 9 through
February 15, 1997, as National Child Passenger Safety Week. I urge all
Americans to help reduce injuries and the tragic loss of life on our
highways by buckling up every child in an approved restraint, in the
vehicle's back seat. And let us all help spread these important child
safety messages throughout our communities. By doing so, we can save
many young lives.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this eighth day of
February, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 6973 of February 24, 1997
American Red Cross Month, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Founded over a century ago by Clara Barton, the American Red Cross has
evolved from a branch of the International Red Cross into a uniquely
American institution, serving our Nation in peace and in war, and
through countless natural disasters. Since the Spanish-American War,
when the first volunteers brought emergency first-aid and news from home
to wounded soldiers, generations of Americans have followed in this
grand tradition of service.
Today, in communities across our Nation, a million and a half volunteers
stand ready to help their neighbors at a moment's notice. Last year, Red
Cross paid and volunteer staff assisted disaster victims across the
country by opening more than 3,200 shelters and giving comfort to
172,000 people. The Red Cross also reached 16 million Americans through
health and safety courses, including HIV and AIDS education and
community outreach programs; collected more than 6 million units of
lifesaving blood to keep our national blood supply ready, strong, and
safe; and provided immediate counseling and support to the bereaved
families of the victims of TWA Flight 800 and ValuJet Flight 592.
Overseas, American Red Cross workers provided emergency communications
for our troops in Bosnia; worked with foreign Red Cross societies to
rebuild the lives of civilian refugees in places such as the former
Yugos-
[[Page 22]]
lavia and Rwanda; and provided personnel, financial aid, and gifts
of goods and services to the victims of international disasters and
armed conflicts in every corner of the globe.
Since 1881, the size, scope, and complexity of major disasters have
placed an ever-greater demand on the resources of the Red Cross. Yet,
the generosity of our citizens has enabled the American Red Cross to
continue to fulfill its humanitarian mission, providing assistance to
those in need and easing suffering around the world. We must continue
this tradition, and, in the spirit of service, support this voluntary
agency because it truly belongs to all Americans. Each of us can help
keep the American Red Cross strong through our donations of time, money,
and blood.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America and Honorary Chairman of the American Red Cross, by virtue of
the authority vested in me by the Constitution and laws of the United
States, do hereby proclaim March 1997 as American Red Cross Month. I
urge all the people of the United States to support the humanitarian
work of their local Red Cross chapters by volunteering and participating
in Red Cross blood drives.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-fourth day
of February, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven,
and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred
and twenty-first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 6974 of February 27, 1997
Irish-American Heritage Month, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Throughout the history of the United States, from the founding of our
republic to the modern spread of our cultural influence around the
globe, American life has been enriched continuously by the contributions
of Irish Americans.
Although thousands of immigrants from Ireland had already come to
America before the signing of the Declaration of Independence, the
largest number emigrated from their homeland in the middle of the 19th
century, when devastating famine overtook their native Ireland. Many
moved into our cities, where their hard work helped American industries,
their political skills energized local government, and their culture
added richness to urban neighborhoods. Others, freshly arrived from
Cork, Kilkenny, or Belfast, kept moving all the way to the American
West. Wherever they went, they added their muscle to the building of our
railroads, bridges, tunnels, and canals, and they applied their minds to
the shaping of American law and letters. And their values were
exemplified by a firm confidence in education, a dedication to the work
ethic, and a deep belief in God.
America offered these new citizens abundant opportunities and the
freedom to exercise their talents in a country that was still less than
100 years
[[Page 23]]
old. In return, Ireland added immensely to the American
national character. This month, when communities all across the Nation
celebrate St. Patrick's Day, we honor the millions of Americans who
trace their lineage to Ireland.
Our country has been blessed by the rich legacy of famous Americans
whose ancestors emigrated to our shores from Ireland. Georgia O'Keefe,
Edgar Allen Poe, and F. Scott Fitzgerald are just a few among the many
whose talents have graced the arts. Andrew Mellon and Henry Ford
excelled in business and finance. Will Rogers, Spencer Tracy, Bing
Crosby, and John Wayne have entertained us. Pierce Butler signed the
Constitution, General Douglas MacArthur led the Allied Forces in the
Pacific during World War II, and Sandra Day O'Connor became the first
woman to sit on our Supreme Court.
But let us not forget the sacrifices, dedication, and profound
achievements of the thousands of less well-known Irish Americans who
have labored to make the United States a country of which we all can be
proud. They were--and continue to be--motivated by their deep commitment
and fervent loyalty to family, friends, community, and country. This
month we honor them and thank them for their efforts.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim March 1997 as Irish-
American Heritage Month. I call upon all the people of the United States
to observe this month with appropriate ceremonies, activities, and
programs.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-seventh day
of February, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven,
and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred
and twenty-first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 6975 of March 3, 1997
Women's History Month, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Throughout the history of our Nation, women have played a pivotal role
in bringing about positive change to every aspect of American life, and
their achievements continue to touch the lives of every single citizen.
Women's History Month honors the women who made these accomplishments
possible, securing their rightful place in history among those who have
made our country great. This month, we celebrate these women's lives--
and renew our commitment to breaking down the gender barriers that still
exist.
Through their courage, foresight, and community spirit over the years,
American women have created a world of opportunity for today's heroines
and role models--women such as Secretary of State Madeleine Albright,
[[Page 24]]
the highest ranking woman to serve in any presidential administration;
Dr. Shannon W. Lucid, who has performed five historic and complex Space
Shuttle missions during 18 years with NASA and recently broke the
American and women's world record for continuous time in space; Oseola
McCarty, who in 1995 donated the life savings she had earned as a maid
to fund scholarships at the University of Mississippi; and Julie Su, the
young attorney who first came to prominence through her efforts to
expose illegal exploitation of Thai immigrants in a California sweatshop
and who continues to help immigrants to secure proper medical care,
employment, and the dignity they deserve. The pioneers in women's
history would be proud of today's women pioneers.
As we approach the 21st century, we have reached another significant
milestone in our Nation's history: Women have approached an almost equal
share in the labor force. Thus, it is more important than ever that we
enable women and men to meet their responsibilities at work and at home.
Women continue to break the glass ceiling, changing their status from
employee to employer. Today, women-owned businesses are creating one out
of every four jobs in the United States. From the classroom to the board
room, women now occupy every part of the work force, building the kinds
of lives for themselves and their families that are the heart of the
American Dream.
Women's History Month provides Americans with an opportunity to
celebrate the contributions of all the women who have enriched our
Nation, to honor their legacy, and to reflect upon what we can all do to
end discrimination against women. I encourage all Americans to learn
from, and share information about, women's history in their workplaces,
classrooms, and family rooms. As every family has its own heroes, so
does our country. Only by studying the history of America's women can we
fully understand the history of America.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim March 1997, as
Women's History Month. I ask educators, Government officials, and all
citizens to observe this month with appropriate programs, ceremonies,
and activities, remembering not only this month but also every month the
many different contributions that women make every day.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this third day of March,
in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of the
Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and twenty-
first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
[[Page 25]]
Proclamation 6976 of March 3, 1997
Save Your Vision Week, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Our eyes are our windows to the world. They give us the freedom to gaze
at a sunset, read a book, or drive a car. Our sight allows us to jog
along a garden pathway or enjoy a panoramic view.
All of us need to care for our vision, but older Americans in particular
should be aware of their susceptibility to eye disease. As the ``baby
boom'' generation ages, it is critical that these Americans receive
regular eye examinations from eye-care professionals.
A thorough exam can lead to early detection and control or cure of eye
diseases such as glaucoma, cataract, and diabetic retinopathy. A
professional eye exam can also diagnose age-related macular degeneration
(AMD), a leading cause of severe visual impairment and blindness in the
United States. This common disease affects the retina, the part of the
eye that helps to produce sharp, central vision required for activities
such as reading and driving. AMD causes a loss of this clear, central
vision; in some cases, vision loss is rapid and dramatic. The risk of
AMD dramatically increases after age 60. It is estimated that this
disease already causes visual impairment in approximately 1.7 million of
the 34 million Americans now older than 65. As these numbers continue to
grow, researchers are working to find the cause of, and develop
treatment for, this debilitating disease.
People with AMD and its accompanying visual impairment often cannot
perform daily activities such as reading the newspaper, preparing meals,
or recognizing faces of friends. The inability to see well affects
routine activities and social interactions and can lead to a loss of
independence.
However, low-vision services and devices can greatly improve the quality
of life for visually impaired patients and help them maintain their
independence. Devices such as hand-held magnifiers, computer monitors
with large type, and large-print newspapers and books can help the
visually impaired dramatically improve their quality of life.
To remind Americans of the importance of protecting their eyesight, the
Congress, by joint resolution approved December 30, 1963 (77 Stat. 629;
36 U.S.C. 169a), has authorized and requested the President to proclaim
the first week in March of each year as ``Save Your Vision Week.''
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, do hereby proclaim March 2 through March 8, 1997, as Save Your
Vision Week. Our eyes play a vital role in our independence and daily
living and need to be examined regularly. Let us recognize the work done
by vision researchers across our Nation on AMD and other eye diseases
and the efforts they are making to enhance and retain our precious
sight. Education on good vision starts with us, and we should take
progressive steps to protect our eyes.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this third day of March,
in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of
[[Page 26]]
the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and twenty-
first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 6977 of March 5, 1997
National Poison Prevention Week, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
This year, as we observe National Poison Prevention Week, we highlight
two achievements: the effectiveness of child-resistant packaging
required by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) and the
lifesaving work of the Nation's poison control centers. These public
health efforts have reduced childhood poisoning deaths from 450 deaths
in 1961 to 50 deaths in 1993. However, according to the American
Association of Poison Control Centers, over one million children each
year are exposed to potentially poisonous medicines and household
chemicals.
Virtually all poisonings are preventable, and we must continue to inform
parents, grandparents, and caregivers how to prevent childhood
poisonings. The Poison Prevention Week Council, a coalition of 39
national organizations determined to stop accidental poisonings,
distributes valuable information used by poison control centers,
pharmacies, public health departments, and others to conduct poison
prevention programs in their communities.
Simple safety measures--such as correctly using child-resistant
packaging and keeping potentially harmful substances locked away from
children--can save lives. And if a poisoning occurs, a poison control
center can offer quick and lifesaving intervention.
The CPSC requires child-resistant packaging for many medicines and
household chemicals. A recent CPSC study showed that every year
approximately 24 children's lives are saved by child-resistant packaging
for oral prescription medicines. The CPSC recently took action to ensure
that child-resistant packaging will be easier for adults to use as well.
This, in turn, will increase the use of child-resistant packaging,
preventing more poisonings.
To encourage Americans to learn more about the dangers of accidental
poisonings and to take more preventive measures, the Congress, by joint
resolution approved September 26, 1961 (75 Stat. 681), has authorized
and requested the President to issue a proclamation designating the
third week of March of each year as ``National Poison Prevention Week.''
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, do hereby proclaim March 16 through March 22, 1997, as National
Poison Prevention Week. I call upon all Americans to observe this week
by participating in appropriate ceremonies and activities and by
learning how to prevent accidental poisonings among children.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this fifth day of March,
in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of
[[Page 27]]
the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and twenty-
first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 6978 of March 7, 1997
National Older Workers Employment Week, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
American workers age 55 and older represent one of our country's richest
resources, and the value of their potential contribution to our society
is immense. An estimated 70 percent of all Americans age 55 and older
already actively contribute to our common good--by working, by
volunteering, and by caring for sick and disabled relatives, friends,
and neighbors.
Despite their qualifications, however, many of these Americans
experience serious difficulty finding work if they lose a job or desire
new employment. Their search for employment can become increasingly
challenging as they grow older.
Our laws and government agencies can--and do--offer protections,
programs, and services for older workers. The Age Discrimination Act,
the Older Americans Act, and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act
all recognize the unique rights of such employees, and the Department of
Labor alone helps thousands of workers each year through efforts such as
the Senior Community Service Employment Program.
But it is up to employers also to recognize the potential of older
Americans as employees--to recognize that by every common measure of job
performance, older workers are as effective as younger people because of
their unique skills, experiences, and judgment. And, it is appropriate
that we designate a week to acknowledge that all workers should be
judged and employed on the basis of their individual ability to do a
job, regardless of age.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States,
by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and laws of
the United States, do hereby proclaim March 9 through March 15, 1997, as
National Older Workers Employment Week, and I urge all employers when
they hire new workers to consider carefully the skills and other
qualifications of men and women age 55 and older. I also encourage
public officials responsible for job placement, training, and related
services to intensify their efforts throughout the year to help older
workers locate available jobs and training.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this seventh day of
March, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of
the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
[[Page 28]]
Proclamation 6979 of March 25, 1997
Greek Independence Day: A National Day of Celebration of Greek and
American Democracy, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Today, the Greek people and the Hellenic Republic will celebrate the
176th anniversary of the beginning of their struggle for independence.
On this day, it is fitting that we reflect on the enormous contributions
the Greek people have made to the modern world. The legacy of the
ancient Greeks, in the fields of philosophy, literature, drama,
sculpture, and architecture, continues to influence our beliefs, our
values, and our concept of art. And, after more than 2,000 years, the
ideology of Greece--as embodied in the concept of democracy--is still
the ideal that guides us in charting our course for the future.
Greek ideology had a profound effect on our Founding Fathers, who molded
the American form of government based upon the principles of Greek
democracy. Thomas Jefferson studied the Greek classics in his youth and
was inspired by their philosophy throughout his life, most dramatically
when he crafted the Declaration of Independence. When formulating his
vision for this country, Jefferson specifically referred to the
integrated assertions, theories, and aims of the classic Greek world.
Our admiration for Greece continues into the modern day, and we salute
its commitment to democracy, to peace, and to a united and stable
Europe. We share a partnership with Greece in NATO, and our countries
are linked forever by close family relationships between our peoples.
Our Nation looks forward to working closely with Greece in the coming
years as we examine ways to bring full peace, stability, and prosperity
to all the nations of Europe and the world.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim March 25, 1997, as Greek
Independence Day: A National Day of Celebration of Greek and American
Democracy. I call upon all Americans to observe this day with
appropriate ceremonies, activities, and programs.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-fifth day of
March, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of
the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
[[Page 29]]
Proclamation 6980 of April 1, 1997
Cancer Control Month, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
In observing Cancer Control Month, we reaffirm our national commitment
to fighting this deadly disease. Since the signing of the National
Cancer Act in 1971, we as a Nation have made significant strides in
combating many forms of cancer. In November 1996, the National Cancer
Institute (NCI) announced that the cancer death rate in the United
States fell by nearly 3 percent between 1991 and 1995, the first
sustained decline since national record-keeping began in the 1930s. The
declines in lung, colorectal, and prostate cancer deaths in men, and
breast and gynecologic cancer deaths in women, reflect the progress we
have made in prevention, early detection, and treatment. However, we
recognize how much work must still be done to control and eliminate this
disease.
Perhaps one of the most promising achievements of cancer research this
past year is in our increased understanding of cancer genetics. We have
learned that cancer is a disease of altered genes and altered gene
function. Researchers are making great progress in identifying genes
whose dysfunction leads to cancer. Our research into the relationship
between genetics and cancer also is helping us to better understand the
basis for many other diseases and will strengthen our ability to
intervene against them. If we are to continue this remarkable progress,
we must keep scientific research as a fundamental priority.
Research has already taught us that smoking directly causes lung cancer
and markedly increases a person's risk of developing cancers of the
pancreas, esophagus, uterus, cervix, mouth, throat, and bladder. We know
that many of the deaths from these cancers are preventable. Over the
last several years, positive trends have emerged: Business, industry,
and all levels of government have established smoke-free policies, and
per-capita cigarette consumption has declined by 37 percent over the
past two decades.
Reasons for deep concern remain, however. More than 3,000 teenagers
become regular smokers each day in the United States. We must do all we
can to help our children understand the consequences of smoking, and we
must set a good example ourselves by not smoking. Last year, in an
important step forward, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposed
restrictions on the advertising, marketing, and sales of cigarettes to
minors. In February of this year, I was proud to announce that the first
part of those rules went into effect.
We are also learning more about the relationship between diet and cancer
risk, and we are gaining insight into the role of dietary supplements in
reducing certain types of cancer. We know that by improving our diet--
reducing fat and increasing the amount of fiber--we reduce our risk of
cancer. The NCI, in collaboration with the food industry, sponsors the
national 5-A-Day Program, which encourages Americans to eat five
servings of fruit and vegetables each day.
We are taking other important steps, as well. Federal agencies are
working together to ensure that potentially active drugs move quickly
from discov-
[[Page 30]]
ery to clinical use. To reduce the number of cancer deaths
and new cases, and to help cancer patients survive longer and live
better lives, several Federal agencies are working with State and local
health departments to develop and implement national plans for breast
and cervical cancer screening and to promote cancer prevention. I was
pleased to announce last week that my Administration is launching a
major public education campaign to make sure that every woman and every
health care professional in America is aware of the NCI's new
recommendations that women between the ages of 40 and 49 should get a
mammography examination for breast cancer every one or two years. The
Medicare budget that I just submitted to the Congress will cover the
expense of these annual exams, and we are urging State Medicaid
directors to cover annual mammograms as well, with the assurance that
the Federal Government will pay its matching share if they do so.
As we commemorate this special month, I ask health care professionals,
private industry, community groups, insurance companies, and all other
interested organizations and individual citizens to unite to publicly
reaffirm our Nation's continuing commitment to controlling cancer. In
1938, the Congress of the United States passed a joint resolution
requesting the President to issue an annual proclamation declaring April
as ``Cancer Control Month.''
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, do hereby proclaim April 1997, as Cancer Control Month. I
invite the Governors of the 50 States and the Commonwealth of Puerto
Rico, the Mayor of the District of Columbia, and the appropriate
officials of all other areas under the American flag to issue similar
proclamations.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this first day of April,
in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of the
Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and twenty-
first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 6981 of April 1, 1997
National Child Abuse Prevention Month, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
We live in a Nation blessed with liberty and prosperity. Yet, many of
our children still suffer the horrors of child abuse and neglect,
knowing no happiness, and sometimes even losing their lives. And, it is
a problem that grows worse. Last year, the U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services reported that an estimated 3 million American children
were abused or neglected, twice as many as 5 years earlier. Almost half
a million of our children were seriously injured because of this
mistreatment, quadruple the number from the previous report. Tragically,
more than 1,100 abused children died last year--an incomprehensible 80
percent of them at the hands of their own parents. We must not let this
senseless suffering continue.
[[Page 31]]
My Administration is continuing its efforts to make our children safer.
Already, we have developed new family-based prevention services to work
with families at risk, and we have said to those who would prey on our
children in public housing that one conviction for drug dealing or a
violent crime will result in expulsion from public housing. We are
working to establish a national registry for sexual predators, and we
have preserved the Federal investment in child protective services so
States have the resources to help children in danger. We have taken guns
off the street by banning 19 deadly assault weapons, and we are putting
100,000 more police officers on the streets to patrol our neighborhoods.
And my Administration has developed a plan that aims, by the year 2002,
to double the number of children placed in adoption or permanent
placements from the public foster care system.
During this month of April, we pause to recognize and praise the work of
those parents and other caretakers who see that the physical, mental,
emotional, educational, and medical needs of our children are adequately
met. I commend the efforts of the dedicated and compassionate men and
women who assist families in crisis and enable these families to prevent
child abuse. Without the commitment, knowledge, and skill of these men
and women, many more children would find themselves the victims of abuse
and the lives of many children who are abused and neglected would never
improve. With their involvement, the lives of our most vulnerable
children are immeasurably enriched. This month reminds us that every
child is entitled to live his or her life to its fullest, free from fear
and want. As Thomas Jefferson stated so eloquently, ``The Giver of life
gave it for happiness and not for wretchedness.'' We hold our children's
future in trust. Let us not fail them.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim April 1997 as National
Child Abuse Prevention Month. I call upon all Americans to observe this
month by demonstrating our respect and gratitude for those who devotedly
and unselfishly work to keep children safe, by learning how we can help
keep children from harm's way, and by taking responsible actions to
protect our precious children.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this first day of April,
in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of the
Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and twenty-
first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
[[Page 32]]
Proclamation 6982 of April 1, 1997
To Implement an Agreement To Eliminate Tariffs on Certain
Pharmaceuticals and Chemical Intermediates
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
1. On December 13, 1996, members of the World Trade Organization (WTO),
including the United States and 16 other major trading countries,
announced in the WTO Singapore Ministerial Declaration an agreement to
eliminate tariffs on certain pharmaceuticals and chemical intermediates
that were the subject of reciprocal duty elimination negotiations during
the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations (``Uruguay
Round''). In addition, it was agreed that the agreement on
pharmaceutical products reached at the conclusion of the Uruguay Round
and consequently Schedule XX--United States of America, annexed to the
Marrakesh Protocol to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1994)
(``Schedule XX'') erroneously included 25 products.
2. (a) Section 111(b) of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act (URAA) (19
U.S.C. 3521(b)) authorizes the President to proclaim the modification of
any duty or staged rate reduction of any duty set forth in Schedule XX
for products that were the subject of reciprocal duty elimination
negotiations during the Uruguay Round if the United States agrees to
such action in a multilateral negotiation under the auspices of the WTO
and after compliance with the consultation and layover requirements of
section 115 of the URAA (19 U.S.C. 3524). Section 111(b) also authorizes
the President to proclaim such modifications as are necessary to correct
technical errors in Schedule XX or to make other rectifications to the
Schedule.
(b) Section 111(a) of the URAA (19 U.S.C. 3521(a)) authorizes the
President to proclaim such additional duties as the President determines
to be necessary or appropriate to carry out Schedule XX.
3. Section 604 of the Trade Act of 1974 (1974 Act), as amended (19
U.S.C. 2483), authorizes the President to embody in the Harmonized
Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS) the substance of the relevant
provisions of that Act, and of other acts affecting import treatment,
and actions thereunder, including the removal, modification,
continuance, or imposition of any rate of duty or other import
restriction.
4. (a) Pursuant to section 111(b) of the URAA, I have determined that
modifications to Schedule XX are necessary and that Schedule XX should
be modified accordingly. In addition, I have determined to modify the
HTS to implement the multilateral agreement on pharmaceuticals
negotiated under the auspices of the WTO.
(b) Pursuant to section 111(a) of the URAA, I have determined that
it is necessary or appropriate to modify the HTS to increase tariffs on
products that were included erroneously in the pharmaceuticals agreement
reached at the end of the Uruguay Round.
(c) On January 29, 1997, pursuant to section 115 of the URAA, the
United States Trade Representative (USTR) submitted a report to the
Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the
Committee on Finance of the Senate (``the Committees'') that set forth
the pro-
[[Page 33]]
posed tariff eliminations and corrections in existing tariff
treatment, together with the advice received from the appropriate
private sector advisory committee and the U.S. International Trade
Commission regarding such actions. During the 60-day period thereafter,
the USTR consulted with the Committees on the proposed tariff
eliminations and corrections.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, acting under the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
the laws of the United States, including but not limited to sections
111(a) and (b) of the URAA and section 604 of the 1974 Act, do hereby
proclaim that:
(1) In order to implement the multilateral agreement negotiated
under the auspices of the WTO to eliminate tariffs on certain
pharmaceutical products and chemical intermediates, and to correct
errors, Schedule XX and the pharmaceutical appendix to the HTS are
modified as set forth in the Annex to this proclamation.
(2) The modifications to the HTS set forth in this proclamation
shall be effective as provided in the Annex to this proclamation.
(3) Any provisions of previous proclamations and Executive orders
that are inconsistent with the actions taken in this proclamation are
superseded to the extent of such inconsistency.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this first day of April,
in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of the
Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and twenty-
first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
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Proclamation 6983 of April 8, 1997
National Former Prisoner of War Recognition Day, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Throughout the annals of American military history, our men and women in
uniform have placed themselves in great peril for the benefit of our
Nation. Many of these courageous guardians of our freedoms have been
held against their will as prisoners of war. The American people,
including those now serving in our Armed Forces, continue to hold in the
highest esteem these men and women who suffered the loss of their
personal freedom and, in some instances, their lives.
Although there is no threat of a major conflict in our immediate future,
we face continuing military challenges, and our Armed Forces still
deploy ``in harm's way'' to maintain American interests and stability
throughout the world. Whether attempting to keep the peace in Bosnia,
evacuating American citizens from Albania, or patrolling the world's
seas and skies, our service men and women risk capture by unfriendly
foreign forces.
American prisoners of war have always proudly struggled for their
freedom and have demonstrated a profound dedication to their country.
Although international law, as set forth in the Geneva Convention,
confers a protected status on prisoners of war, many Americans faced
difficult conditions, including torture, but they persevered, taking
comfort in their love of God, family, and country. We can never know the
extent of the brutality and hardships many of them encountered, but we
can express our sincere admiration for their courage and bravery.
As we observe National Former Prisoner of War Recognition Day, we honor
and recognize all American service personnel who endured detention or
captivity in the service of their Nation. We take comfort in knowing
that despite enduring daily physical and mental trials, many survived
and returned to productive lives at home. But we remember and pay homage
and respect to those who made the ultimate sacrifice while in enemy
hands. Today, we enjoy the freedoms that generations of American men and
women have fought to defend. Let us extend to Americans who were
prisoners of war, and to their families, our profound gratitude for
their unselfish contribution to the preservation of our country. We will
never forget.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim April 9, 1997, as National
Former Prisoner of War Recognition Day. I call upon all Americans to
join in remembering former American prisoners of war who suffered the
hardships of enemy captivity. I also call upon Federal, State, and local
government officials and private organizations to observe this day with
appropriate ceremonies, programs, and activities.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this eighth day of
April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of
[[Page 46]]
the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 6984 of April 9, 1997
National D.A.R.E. Day, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Today we honor Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.), the largest
and most widely recognized substance abuse prevention and safety-
promotion curriculum in the Nation. First developed in 1983, D.A.R.E.
has continued to improve its methods as research findings have increased
our knowledge of effective substance abuse prevention among school-age
youth. More than 70 percent of America's school districts have adopted
the program, and over 8,000 cooperative partnerships between law
enforcement agencies and school districts now exist across the country.
By virtue of D.A.R.E.'s expansive use and national impact, this acronym
has achieved broad name recognition in association with substance abuse
prevention, making the D.A.R.E. officer one of the most recognizable
symbols for community policing and prevention.
Students, parents, police officers, and school administrators have long
been familiar with the benefits of the D.A.R.E. program, and research
has shown that ongoing reinforcement of drug prevention skills is
critical in decreasing the likelihood of drug use by our youth.
Today and throughout the year, let us recognize D.A.R.E. as a model of
partnership between educators, law enforcement, parents, and students,
and let us commend D.A.R.E. officers for their dedicated efforts to help
educate the children of America about the importance of remaining drug
free.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim April 10, 1997, as
National D.A.R.E. Day. I call upon our youth, parents, and educators,
and all the people of the United States to observe this day with
appropriate activities.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this ninth day of April,
in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of the
Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and twenty-
first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
[[Page 47]]
Proclamation 6985 of April 10, 1997
National Pay Inequity Awareness Day, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Although more than three decades have passed since the Equal Pay Act and
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act were signed into law, women working
full-time and year round in the United States, on average, still earn
only 71 percent of the wages earned by men. This means that, for the
1996 calendar year, the wages of the average American female worker will
not match those of the average male worker until April 11 of this year.
Although the pay gap has narrowed over the past two decades, unfair pay
practices persist in many U.S. business sectors. Paying a woman less
than a male co-worker with equal skills and job responsibilities hurts
that woman and her family--not only in immediate material benefit, but
also in her ability to invest and save for retirement. Working women
deserve--and are demanding--fair and equal pay for their time spent on
the job. Over a quarter of a million women surveyed by the Department of
Labor indicated that ``improving pay scales'' is one of their highest
priorities in bringing fairness to the workplace.
To address this problem, my Administration has moved on several fronts
simultaneously: I signed the increase in the minimum wage into law,
initiated a pension education campaign, strengthened equal employment
law enforcement, and created a Women's Bureau Fair Pay Clearinghouse at
the Department of Labor, which disseminates information on working
women's wages and occupations and on organizations that are active in
improving women's wages. In addition, my Administration, with over 200
private-sector partners, has formed the American Savings Education
Council to educate women and men on how they can ensure their financial
independence in retirement. Together with renewed attention focused on
the reality of pay inequity and what it means for working women across
the country, these initiatives create real opportunities for employers,
working women, and organizations to develop new and effective approaches
that achieve pay equity.
Strong enforcement of equal employment laws also plays a critical role
in resolving unfair pay. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
enforces laws that make it illegal to discriminate in wages, or to limit
or segregate job applicants or employees in any way that would deprive
them of opportunities because of sex, race, color, religion, age,
national origin, or disability.
The Department of Labor's Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs
enforces nondiscrimination and affirmative action laws that apply to
employers that do business with the Federal Government, ensuring that
Government contractors prevent and remedy discrimination and resolve
matters of pay equity.
It is vital that we aggressively enforce our pay equity laws. Women
deserve to be rewarded on an equal basis for their contributions to the
American work force.
[[Page 48]]
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim April 11, 1997,
as National Pay Inequity Awareness Day. I call upon Government
officials, law enforcement agencies, business and industry leaders,
educators, and all the people of the United States to recognize the full
value of the skills and contributions of women in the labor force.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this tenth day of April,
in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of the
Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and twenty-
first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 6986 of April 11, 1997
National Service and Volunteer Week, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Citizen service is a vital force in American life, helping to build a
stronger sense of community and citizenship and engaging Americans to
meet the obligations we all share. Whether tutoring children, mentoring
teens, renovating housing, restoring public parks, responding to natural
disasters, or caring for aging parents and grandparents, those who serve
and volunteer are strengthening our communities for America's future.
The era of big government may be over, but the era of big challenges for
our Nation is surely not. Citizen service reflects one of the most basic
convictions of our democracy: that we are all responsible for one
another. It is a very American idea that we meet our challenges not
through big government or as isolated individuals, but as members of a
true community, with all of us working together.
Americans can take pride in knowing that our tradition of service is
being preserved and expanded. As we recognize the devoted service of our
Nation's citizens, we must continue to foster the spirit of
volunteerism, making service the common expectation and experience of
every American. Working together, we can respond to our shared problems
and build a better future for the generations to come.
National Service and Volunteer Week is a time to celebrate the American
spirit of service and volunteerism and a time to encourage citizens to
use their individual talents to serve the common good. During this week
and throughout the year, let us salute all those who devote their time,
their talents, and their energy to improving our communities--through
organizations like AmeriCorps and other programs within the Corporation
for National Service; the Points of Light Foundation; Learn and Serve
America; the National Senior Service Corps; and thousands of other
voluntary, civic, religious, and neighborhood groups.
Later this month, at Independence Hall in Philadelphia, we will convene
an historic Presidents' Summit on Service. I will be joined there by
every
[[Page 49]]
living former president, or his representative, and other
prominent Americans as we take specific steps to serve our children and
to rebuild our communities. Our mission is nothing less than to spark a
renewed national sense of obligation, a new sense of duty, a new season
of service.
I hope that the many related activities in the days leading up to this
important event will make all Americans think about our shared
responsibility for one another. Citizen service can take many shapes--it
can mean joining AmeriCorps as a high school student, volunteering
nights or on weekends in a religious group or neighborhood association,
or devoting years of one's life to service in the Peace Corps or in the
Jesuit Volunteer Corps.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim the week of April 13
through April 19, 1997, as National Service and Volunteer Week. I call
upon all Americans to observe this week with appropriate programs,
ceremonies, and activities to express appreciation for all those who
serve and to encourage others to continue the American legacy of
service.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this eleventh day of
April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of
the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 6987 of April 11, 1997
Pan American Day and Pan American Week, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Each year, we pause to reflect on how the 34 free countries of the
Western Hemisphere are inextricably linked to a shared vision through
the common thread of democracy, free trade, and mutual respect. This
vision can be achieved by continuing our efforts to create a hemispheric
free trade area and by working together to uphold democracy, defend
human rights, and defeat the scourge of narcotics trafficking.
The citizens of the Americas have made remarkable progress toward the
advancement of democratic values and institutions, as well as the
creation of integrated markets within which goods may be exchanged
freely in a common market of ideas and innovation. Today, every country
in our hemisphere--with one exception--has made the promise of democracy
a reality. These countries have recognized that representative democracy
is essential for guaranteeing the basic human rights of their citizens.
Through common effort, we can make this gift of freedom a reality for
all.
The United States applauds the people of Paraguay for their great
accomplishment in resolving last year's constitutional crisis, and we
welcome the central role of the Organization of American States in
defending democracy in Paraguay. We commend the people and government of
Guatemala for their success in forging a comprehensive peace accord, and
we encourage
[[Page 50]]
the spirit of reconciliation that has firmly taken root
throughout Central America. Americans continue to maintain a special
consideration for the people of Haiti as they strive to consolidate
their new democracy and set the stage for economic growth. Today, all of
us must work together to encourage the one country--Cuba--that has not
embraced our common purpose to join the community of democracies.
As the united standard bearers of democracy in the Western Hemisphere,
we now approach a new century of unprecedented possibilities. Our vision
is bold, and our expectations are high. Our cooperative spirit was
nurtured through the Summit of the Americas, where we committed
ourselves to free trade, representative democracy, relief from poverty,
and respect for the environment. We are now collaborating closely with
others in the hemisphere to prepare the agenda for the next Summit of
the Americas, to be held in Santiago in March 1998. Never before has
there been such a window of opportunity to promote a higher standard of
living through improved access to quality education and adequate health
care. Working together, we can prove that democracy provides the means
for improving the daily lives of all the citizens of the Americas.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim Monday, April 14, 1997, as
Pan American Day and April 13 through April 19, 1997, as Pan American
Week. I urge the Governors of the 50 States, the Governor of the
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the officials of other areas under the
flag of the United States of America to honor these observances with
appropriate ceremonies and activities.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this eleventh day of
April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of
the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 6988 of April 11, 1997
To Modify Application of Duty-Free Treatment Under the Generalized
System of Preferences
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
1. Sections 502(d)(1) and 503(c)(1) of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended
by Public Law 104-188; 110 Stat. 1755, 1920, 1922 (``the 1974 Act'') (19
U.S.C. 2462(d)(1) and 2463(c)(1)), provide that the President may
withdraw, suspend, or limit the application of the duty-free treatment
accorded under the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) with respect
to any country and any article upon consideration of the factors set
forth in sections 501 and 502(c) of the 1974 Act (19 U.S.C. 2461 and
2462(c)). Pursuant to sections 502(d)(1) and 503(c)(1) of the 1974 Act
and having considered the factors set forth in sections 501 and 502(c)
of such Act, including, in particular, section 502(c)(5) (19 U.S.C.
2464(c)(5)) on the extent to which a des-
[[Page 51]]
ignated beneficiary developing country is providing adequate and effective protection of intellectual
property rights, I have determined that it is appropriate to suspend the
duty-free treatment accorded under the GSP to certain eligible articles
that are the product of Argentina, as provided in the Annex to this
proclamation.
2. Section 604 of the 1974 Act, as amended (19 U.S.C. 2483), authorizes
the President to embody in the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United
States (HTS) the substance of the relevant provisions of that Act, and
of other acts affecting import treatment, and actions thereunder,
including the removal, modification, continuance, or imposition of any
rate of duty or other import restriction.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, acting under the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
the laws of the United States, including but not limited to sections
502(d)(1), 503(c)(1), and 604 of the 1974 Act, do proclaim that:
(1) In order to provide that Argentina should no longer be treated
as a beneficiary developing country with respect to certain eligible
articles for purposes of the GSP, the HTS is modified as provided in the
Annex to this proclamation.
(2) Any provisions of previous proclamations and Executive orders
that are inconsistent with the actions and provisions of this
proclamation are superseded to the extent of such inconsistency.
(3) The modifications made by this proclamation shall be effective
with respect to articles both: (i) imported on or after January 1, 1976,
and (ii) entered, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or
after 30 days after the date of publication of this proclamation in the
Federal Register.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this eleventh day of
April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of
the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
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Proclamation 6989 of April 15, 1997
National Crime Victims' Rights Week, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
During National Crime Victims' Rights Week, Americans in communities
across the country join together to honor victims and survivors, to
remember their pain, and to recognize their many contributions to
improving our criminal justice system and helping others affected by
crime. It is also an occasion for us to acknowledge our significant
progress in securing crucial rights and services for crime victims.
As we reflect on the events of this past year, we think of all our
fellow citizens who became victims of crime on our streets, at home, in
our neighborhoods, in our schools, in our workplaces, and even in our
sacred places of worship. We remember the images of dozens of mostly
African American churches being consumed in flames, and we recall church
leaders and their congregations, representing all denominations and
races, reaching out to invite healing and rebuilding--not in isolation,
but in an extraordinary spirit of community and unity. We also remember
the many contributions of crime victims in pioneering crime prevention
programs in our schools and working to strengthen our laws and to
enlighten all of us about the needs of all crime victims.
Through the dedicated efforts of crime victims and their advocates,
criminal justice workers, and responsive legislators, we have made
important strides in the struggle against violence. The Violent Crime
Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 allocated an increase in
resources for criminal justice programs, deploying thousands of new
police officers on our streets. The Brady Bill has prevented over
225,000 felons, fugitives, and stalkers from buying handguns since it
was enacted. And the Community Notification Act, known as ``Megan's
Law,'' is helping us protect our most vulnerable citizens by informing
communities of the presence of convicted pedophiles. With community
notification, we are working to prevent cases like that of the Act's
namesake, Megan Kanka, a 7 year-old who died at the hands of a repeat
sex offender released into an unsuspecting community. With these and
other preventive measures, we've managed to reduce the rate of violent
crime for 5 straight years and to restore hope of reaching our goal of a
peaceful America.
We can also take heart in our efforts to assist victims in need of
justice and healing in the aftermath of violent crimes. The Violence
Against Women Act, a historic and comprehensive plan targeted at ending
crimes against women, has provided much-needed services to countless
domestic violence victims and their children. Likewise, the National
Domestic Violence Hotline, established last year, has responded to more
than 73,000 calls for assistance from around the country. As a result of
over $500 million in deposits to the Federal Crime Victims Fund in
fiscal 1996, the States will receive more than three times as much in
Federal funds as they have received in any previous year to support
local victim assistance programs. And the Antiterrorism Act has
guaranteed restitution to victims of Federal crimes and mass violence;
it has already provided substantial assistance to victims of the
Oklahoma City bombing.
[[Page 55]]
This year, we can take one more historic step to ensure that victims
throughout our country are guaranteed the fundamental rights to be
present at proceedings, to be informed of significant developments in
their cases and of their rights, and to be heard at sentencing and other
appropriate times throughout the criminal justice process. The Congress
should pass a Victims' Rights Amendment to the United States
Constitution that will, when ratified by the States, ensure that crime
victims are at the center of the criminal justice process, not on the
outside looking in.
We must stand united in caring for and assisting crime victims
throughout our country.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim April 13 through April 19,
1997, as National Crime Victims' Rights Week. I urge all Americans to
follow in the example of victim advocates and reaffirm our common
purpose to protect and comfort one another in times of hardship--not
only during this special week but also throughout the year.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this fifteenth day of
April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of
the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 6990 of April 17, 1997
Education and Sharing Day, U.S.A., 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
A commitment to learning has been at the heart of America's progress for
more than 200 years. Now, as we stand on the threshold of the 21st
century, our continued success as a Nation depends on the quality of
education that we provide to all our citizens.
American children must have all the tools they need to make the most of
their God-given potential. We must help them harness the powerful forces
of technology, so that every student, including those in the most
isolated rural towns and those in the poorest inner-city schools, has
access to the vast universe of knowledge available on the Internet.
However, education involves more than books, facts, and homework
assignments. Education also concerns the building of character.
Character is an anchor of our society, and we should work hard to
cultivate it among our young people. If our Nation is to continue to
thrive and prosper, we must continue to live up to our ideals.
Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, the Lubavitcher Rebbe, grasped these
fundamental truths. Espousing the values of education, morality, and
civic duty throughout his distinguished life, he understood that
learning and the sharing of experiences are crucial to developing the
skills that will
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mold the character of each new generation. By striving
to provide the best education possible, we can better prepare our Nation
for the challenges that confront us as we move forward into the next
century. The Rebbe rightly saw education as a continuous process of
effort and experience, in which each person is nurtured from the cradle
throughout life, bringing out the best in all of us.
I urge all Americans, on this day and throughout the year, to remember
the teachings of the Rebbe, and to work in partnership with educators,
administrators, community leaders, and parents to help our young people
thrive and prosper.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim April 18, 1997, as
Education and Sharing Day, U.S.A. I call upon all Americans to observe
this day with appropriate activities and programs.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this seventeenth day of
April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of
the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 6991 of April 18, 1997
National Day of Prayer, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
America was born out of intense conflict as our forefathers fought the
forces of oppression and tyranny. From our earliest history, Americans
have always looked to God for strength and encouragement in those
moments when darkness seemed to encroach from every side. Our people
have always believed in the power of prayer and have called upon the
name of the Lord through times of peace and war, hope and despair,
prosperity and decline.
In his first inaugural address, during the rush of optimism that
followed the Colonies' uplifting victory in the American Revolution,
George Washington observed that ``it would be peculiarly improper to
omit, in this first official act my fervent supplications to that
Almighty Being who rules over the universe.'' Amid the bleak turmoil of
the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln conveyed similar sentiments by calling
Americans to ``a firm reliance on Him who has never yet forsaken this
favored land.'' Almost a century later, Harry Truman emphasized the need
for God's help in making decisions: ``when we are striving to strengthen
the foundation of peace and security we stand in special need of divine
support.''
Indeed, the familiar phrase ``In God we trust,'' which has been our
national motto for more than 40 years and which first appeared on our
coinage during the Civil War, is a fitting testimony to the prayers
offered up by American women and men through the centuries. Today within
our Nation's
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Capitol Building, a stained glass window depicts General
Washington humbly kneeling and repeating the words of the 16th Psalm,
``Preserve me, O God, for in Thee do I put my trust.''
As we face the last years of the 20th century, let us uphold the
tradition of observing a day in which every American, in his or her own
way, may come before God seeking increased peace, guidance, and wisdom
for the challenges ahead. Even as we continue to work toward hopeful
solutions, may our national resolve be matched by a firm reliance on the
Author of our lives--for truly it is in God that we trust.
The Congress, by Public Law 100-307, has called our citizens to reaffirm
annually our dependence on Almighty God by recognizing a ``National Day
of Prayer.''
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, do hereby proclaim May 1, 1997, as a National Day of Prayer. As
in previous years, let us once again celebrate this day in the tradition
of our Founders by humbly asking for divine help in maintaining the
courage, determination, faith, and vigilance so necessary to our
continued advancement as a people. On this National Day of Prayer, may
all Americans come together to reaffirm our reliance upon our Creator,
and, in the words of Franklin Roosevelt, to ``pray to Him now for the
vision to see our way clearly.''
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this eighteenth day of
April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of
the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 6992 of April 19, 1997
National Organ and Tissue Donor Awareness Week, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Giving life to another through an organ or tissue transplant is one of
the most selfless human acts. The person choosing to become a donor
usually receives no tangible thanks and gains no fame or glory from the
gesture. And yet the decision to sign a donor card does give the donor a
quiet, inner fulfillment in the knowledge that he or she may one day
help save a life, bringing new joy to another person and their family.
Often, for many Americans, this sense of fulfillment is sufficient
thanks.
Today, more than 50,000 Americans are on the national transplant waiting
list and about 2,000 more people need transplants every month.
Unfortunately, even though this country has an adequate supply of
individuals who qualify as organ donors, many people have still not
chosen to become one. Patients in truly desperate circumstances are
depending on their fellow Americans to choose to become organ and tissue
donors.
Stunning advances in transplant research and technology have made
miracles possible, but we must do our part to make the dreams of people
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awaiting transplants become reality. Many Americans are unaware of the
national shortage of organ donors, and all of us must work together to
spread the word.
Let us take advantage of our enormous power to save a life or to enrich
the quality of life for those who otherwise face endless pain, torment,
or death. I urge every American to respond to the urgent call for organ
and tissue donors by signing a donor card immediately. Let us also reach
out to educate our fellow Americans about the importance of organ and
tissue donations. We must work with our religious communities and
community organizations to spread this important message. The Federal
Government has already established partnerships with the Union of Hebrew
Congregations and the Congress of National Black Churches in an effort
to educate congregations and clergy across our Nation through sermons,
Sunday school programs, and community events. We should do more.
We should recognize that our greatest ambassadors for organ and tissue
donation are donors, donor families and recipients. Their personal
stories have motivated and inspired others, and we should take better
advantage of these great resources. Taken together, these and other
efforts will save the lives of countless loved ones. And we should take
the opportunity to recognize and celebrate Americans who donate these
gifts of life.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim April 20 through April 26,
1997, as National Organ and Tissue Donor Awareness Week. I call upon
health care professionals, educators, the media, public and private
organizations concerned with organ donation and transplantation, and all
the people of the United States to observe this week with appropriate
activities and programs that promote organ donation and invite new
donors to become involved.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this nineteenth day of
April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of
the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 6993 of April 19, 1997
National Wildlife Week, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Our Nation is blessed with a wealth of wildlife, wild places, and
natural resources that enrich the lives of all Americans. Conserving our
wildlife--whether antelope or grizzly bear, salmon or serpent, or plumed
bird--is of urgent importance. Our vast system of wildlife refuges has
played a vital role in this endeavor. Helping to ensure greater harmony
between people and nature, more than 92 million acres of land and waters
are dedicated to wildlife conservation, encompassing 500 refuges, with
at least one in
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every State and within a short drive of most major
cities. These wonderful resources provide opportunities for people of
all ages and from all walks of life, and from cities, suburbs, and the
rural heartland, to learn about and participate in the effort to
preserve the places and wildlife that contribute so much to our Nation's
heritage and natural wealth.
The appreciation and protection of wildlife, particularly of endangered
or threatened species, is both the right and responsibility of all
Americans. Indeed, countless individuals and private volunteer
organizations across the United States have already made a significant
contribution to wildlife protection. Only by engaging communities in
conservation, by taking note of and rewarding community service efforts,
and by maintaining diverse approaches to wildlife protection, can we
preserve our wildlife today and for future generations.
We set aside this week to celebrate the role that citizens and private
volunteer organizations play in engaging in service activities, and in
advancing the knowledge, appreciation, and protection of wildlife and
the environment. Let us also work to spread this message to broader
audiences and encourage all individuals and groups to contribute to this
national goal. I urge all Americans, private organizations, businesses,
community leaders, elected officials and governmental agencies to do all
they can to preserve and value the role of wildlife resources in our
lives. This tradition of nature education will continue to teach our
children how to be lifelong stewards of the environment and help to
build the knowledge and understanding essential to the protection of
nature's abundant gifts.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim April 20 through April 26,
1997, as National Wildlife Week. I ask all Americans to find ways to
promote the conservation and protection of our wildlife and wild places.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this nineteenth day of
April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of
the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 6994 of April 19, 1997
National Park Week, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
One hundred and twenty-five years ago, America made a momentous
decision: to set aside and protect in perpetuity an extraordinary part
of our young Nation. With the signing of the Yellowstone National Park
Act on March 1, 1872, President Ulysses S. Grant created the world's
first national park, and the succeeding years have proved beyond all
doubt the wisdom and foresight of that decision. Known throughout the
world for its beauty and the natural wonders that lie within its
boundaries, Yellowstone has in-
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spired the creation of a multitude of
other national parks, both here and in other countries, preserving for
future generations the rich natural and cultural legacy of our world.
Today, our 374 national parks protect America's unparalleled wonders and
the history of those who have helped shape our land. Our national parks
preserve both where we live and who we are. In America's national parks,
we see Americans through their experiences--war and peace, tragedy and
triumph, struggle and liberty. Our national park sites invite us not
only to marvel at the grand geography of Yellowstone or the Great
Smokies, but also to explore the innovative genius of Thomas Edison at
the Edison National Historic Site in New Jersey, to visit the remains of
an ancient civilization at Mesa Verde in Colorado, or to walk the
hallways of the Kansas school where the struggle for civil rights
ultimately led to the landmark Brown vs. Board of Education Supreme
Court decision.
In addition to the parks themselves, the national park spirit thrives in
thousands of communities across the country where the National Park
Service provides support and technical advice to create close-to-home
recreational opportunities and to honor local history through programs
such as Rivers, Trails, and Conservation Assistance, the National
Register of Historic Places, and National Historic Landmarks. The
National Park Service, in partnership with organizations and individuals
dedicated to conservation and historic preservation, is ensuring that
our national parks touch the lives of as many people as possible, while
sparking an interest among our Nation's children in archaeology,
ethnography, history, historic landscapes, and historic structures.
Indeed, the national parks remain a magnet for the American public.
Every year millions of visitors flock to them--270 million in 1996.
Surveying our history and heritage, our national parks let us reach out
and touch the past.
As we observe this week, let us remember with gratitude all those who
are and have been entrusted with the stewardship of these treasured
places. As the parks and the mandate of the National Park Service have
evolved, the demands on those who manage these resources have become
more complex and the skills required of the National Park Service work
force have become more sophisticated. These men and women are the
guardians of our cultural and natural treasures, and, on behalf of all
Americans, I express my deepest thanks.
This year, National Park Week celebrates the strength of our unique and
diverse system of national parks, and I urge all Americans to share in
the wonderful experiences these places offer all of us.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim April 21 through April 27,
1997, as National Park Week.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this nineteenth day of
April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of
the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
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Proclamation 6995 of April 22, 1997
Law Day, U.S.A., 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
This is the 40th year that Americans have celebrated the first day of
May as Law Day, a special time to reflect on our legal heritage. It is
an opportunity for all Americans to pause and consider how the rule of
law has contributed to the freedoms we enjoy, and to our greatness as a
Nation.
The theme of this year's Law Day commemoration, ``Celebrate Your
Freedom,'' focuses on the one concept that most defines us as a Nation.
It was freedom that we fought for when we created this country. It is
freedom that still sets us apart from many of the world's nations. And
it is freedom's lamp that still beckons the oppressed to America from
all parts of the globe.
The quest to ensure our freedom is the essence of what it means to be an
American, and the bulwark of our freedom is the law and the legal
system. James Madison once observed that if men were angels, governments
would not be necessary. Laws are the instruments by which the people,
through their government, protect themselves from, and regulate their
relations with, each other. At the same time, laws also serve to
restrain the power of that government. Finding the proper balance
between the conflicting interests and rights of individuals,
corporations, and government has never been easy. But we rely on the
rule of law itself to protect all that is most precious to us. Without
it, other nations have descended into a state where force alone prevails
and justice is a mere hope.
Thanks to the genius of our Founders and the Constitutional system they
created, Americans have witnessed the steady march of progress toward an
open, inclusive society. We vote in free, fair elections. We worship
according to our own faith. We associate freely with whomever we choose.
And we are able to express our disagreements with our government freely
and openly. These rights, routinely accepted today, have been maintained
only through years of testing and reinforcement in our Federal and State
courts, which have continued to extend freedom and liberty across the
land.
So when we celebrate our freedom, we also celebrate a system of law that
makes freedom possible. For more than two centuries, we have prospered
and endured because we have relied on that system of law. We must keep
that system strong and vibrant in our national life.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, in accordance with Public Law 87-20 of April 7, 1961, do hereby
proclaim May 1, 1997, as Law Day. I urge the people of the United States
to use this occasion to consider anew how our laws protect our freedoms
and contribute to our national well-being. I call upon members of the
legal profession, civic associations, educators, librarians, public
officials, and the media to promote the observance of this day with
appropriate programs and activities. I also call upon public officials
to display the flag of the United States on all government buildings
throughout the day.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-second day
of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 6996 of May 1, 1997
Older Americans Month, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Each year we set aside the month of May as a special time to pay tribute
to older Americans and to acknowledge their many contributions to our
national life. For the better part of this century, through tough times
and good times, these Americans have raised families, strengthened our
economy, defended our Nation, and reaffirmed our deepest values. All of
us who are heirs to their service and sacrifice owe them a profound debt
of gratitude.
The theme of this year's observance, ``Caregiving: Compassion in
Action,'' reminds us of one of the most important ways in which we can
repay that debt. Each day across America, some 22 million caregivers and
volunteers dedicate themselves to improving the quality of life for
older family members, friends, and neighbors. By providing personal
care, housekeeping, transportation, and innumerable other services and
assistance, these caregivers enable many older Americans to remain in
their own homes and communities, maintaining a precious measure of
dignity and independence.
As America's population of older Americans continues to grow in number,
we will have an even greater need to call on the skills and compassion
of caregivers. In keeping with the spirit of service that is sweeping
across our Nation today, I ask that all Americans--every day, but
especially during Older Americans Month--reach out to an older person in
need, sharing time, talents, and attention with someone who has already
shared so much with us. By putting our compassion in action to serve our
older citizens, we can build a more promising future for all our people.
Older Americans deserve our respect and support for they have worked
diligently in so many ways to enrich and preserve the way of life we all
enjoy. Our senior citizens have woven the fabric of our Nation to
exemplify the values and beliefs that have made our country great.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim May 1997 as Older
Americans Month. I call upon Government officials, businesses,
communities, volunteers, educators, and all the people of the United
States to honor our older Americans and acknowledge the important
contributions made by their caregivers, this month and throughout the
year.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this first day of May,
in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of
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the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and twenty-
first
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 6997 of May 1, 1997
Loyalty Day, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Each year, Americans dedicate the first day of May to formally
acknowledge our love for this great land and our loyalty to the
principles of freedom and equality on which our Nation was founded. This
love and loyalty cannot be mandated or legislated; rather, these traits
spring freely from our hearts and minds.
Looking back across the centuries, we recognize that each generation of
Americans has been called upon to express its love and loyalty in a
unique way. Our founders, defying the forces of tyranny, solemnly
pledged their lives and futures to defend the new Nation they had
created, a Nation born of reverence for human rights and the principle
of self-determination. Less than a century later, another generation of
Americans spilled its blood to preserve the unity of our Nation and to
ensure that America lived up to its ideals of freedom, justice, and
equality.
The challenges of our own century have called for an extraordinary
measure of devotion from millions of our citizens. Through two
devastating world wars and the decades of the Cold War, Americans laid
down their lives for love of country and to defend democracy, advance
human rights, and oppose the specter of oppression.
Today we are blessed to be living in a time of unprecedented peace and
possibility, when the ideals of democracy and human dignity so
eloquently articulated by our founders have been widely embraced by
nations in our own hemisphere and around the world. But we have fresh
opportunities to prove our love and loyalty to America. The challenge
for our generation is to realize the promise of our Nation: to be a
strong and steady influence for peace and freedom across the globe; to
be a powerful voice for human rights wherever they are silenced; to live
up to America's promise of justice, equality, and opportunity by
ensuring that all of our people have the tools and encouragement they
need to meet their God-given potential.
The Congress, by Public Law 85-529, has designated May 1 of each year as
``Loyalty Day.'' Let us, on this day, remember the contributions of the
many courageous Americans who have gone before us, and let us keep faith
with them by reaffirming our love for and loyalty to this Nation they
sustained with their service and sacrifice.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, do hereby proclaim May 1, 1997, as Loyalty Day. I urge all
Americans to recall, on this day, the valor and selflessness of all
those who made this Nation so worthy of our love and loyalty. I call
upon Gov-
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ernment officials to display the flag of the United States and
to participate in patriotic activities in support of this national
observance.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this first day of May,
in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of the
Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and twenty-
first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 6998 of May 5, 1997
Asian/Pacific American Heritage Month, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Today, almost 10 million Americans can trace their roots to Asia and the
Pacific Islands. This month provides a wonderful opportunity to
recognize and celebrate all the ways in which Asian and Pacific
Americans have enhanced our Nation and strengthened our communities.
North America was visited regularly by Asian and Pacific traders as
early as the 16th century, and by the late 1800s, this continent was
receiving large numbers of immigrants from China, Japan, Korea, the
Philippines, and the Indian subcontinent. These settlers worked hard,
turning wilderness into bountiful farmland in Hawaii, opening new
industries in the West, and helping to build the first transcontinental
railroad.
Along with a vast array of skills, Americans of Asian and Pacific Island
ancestry brought their remarkable traditions of hard work and respect
for family and education to their new country. Their belief in the
American Dream of equality and opportunity enabled them to face the
challenges of adversity and discrimination and achieve a record of
distinguished service in all fields, from academia to government, from
business to the military, and medicine to the arts. These people and
their children managed to preserve the rich legacy of their homelands
while also embracing the best values and traditions that define our
Nation.
In recent years, newly arrived groups of Asian and Pacific peoples have
continued to enrich our proud tradition of cultural diversity and endow
our Nation with energy and vision. Today, as we prepare to enter the
21st century, we must continually strive to fulfill the ideals that
originally attracted so many immigrants to our shores.
To honor the accomplishments of Asian and Pacific Americans and to
recognize their many contributions to our Nation, the Congress, by
Public Law 102-450, has designated the month of May as ``Asian/Pacific
American Heritage Month.''
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, do hereby proclaim May 1997 as Asian/Pacific American Heritage
Month. I call upon the people of the United States to observe this
occasion with appropriate programs, ceremonies, and activities.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this fifth day of May,
in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of the
Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and twenty-
first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 6999 of May 7, 1997
Mother's Day, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
As we prepare to enter the 21st century, in the midst of a rapidly
changing world, one thing remains constant--the unconditional love
between a mother and her child. This love provides us with a cornerstone
and sanctuary throughout our entire lives. Mothers nurture, challenge,
and instill strong values in their children, find solutions, arbitrate
disputes, organize activities, care and teach, influence and lead, give,
share, and encourage. Their abiding moral principles shape our families,
our communities, and our national life.
Today, mothers face many different challenges--from balancing the
responsibilities of home and work, to raising families on their own--
while contending with the often daunting challenges of modern society.
They do this all while meeting the day-to-day responsibilities of class
projects, car payments, and the flu season. And yet, they succeed,
determined to protect what is so precious to them and to make brighter
futures for themselves, their children, and their Nation.
Each year we welcome the opportunity to set aside a day to acknowledge
all that our mothers--whether biological, adoptive, or foster--have
given us. It is a time to reflect on all we have gained from their
guidance, care, and sacrifice and a time to openly express our gratitude
and love. The Congress, by a joint resolution approved May 8, 1914 (38
Stat. 770), has designated the second Sunday in May each year as
``Mother's Day'' and requested the President to call for its appropriate
observance.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, do hereby proclaim May 11, 1997, as Mother's Day. Whether we
are able to share this special day with our mothers or are blessed with
memories of them, in our hearts they are with us always. I urge all
Americans to express their love and respect for their mothers and to
observe this day with appropriate ceremonies, activities, and programs.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this seventh day of May,
in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of the
Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and twenty-
first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
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Proclamation 7000 of May 7, 1997
Peace Officers Memorial Day and Police Week, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Law enforcement officers are true heroes, quietly risking their lives
every day to protect our public safety and private property. The
routine, everyday nature of their courage makes it all the more
extraordinary. Day and night, these brave men and women leave home, put
on their badges, and report for duty, putting their lives on the line
for the rest of us.
Today, an estimated 587,000 men and women are sworn police officers,
working to enforce our Nation's laws and maintain order in our society.
As citizens we owe these officers respect and gratitude, and Police Week
is a welcome time for us to join together and salute these officers for
the selfless work they carry out so faithfully all year long.
Sadly, during Police Week we also pause, on Peace Officers Memorial Day,
to remember our fallen officers. Last year, 117 Federal, State, and
local officers were killed in the line of duty. Although this number
dropped to the lowest level in over 30 years--and the number of police
officers killed by firearms alone dropped to 55 from 71 the previous
year--these statistics, compiled by the National Law Enforcement
Officers Memorial Fund, remain a cause for great concern. The loss of
any police officer is a tragedy, and as a Nation, we mourn and remember
these men and women who made the ultimate sacrifice by giving their
lives. While we can never repay the debt we owe to these fallen officers
and their families, we can--and must--honor their memory by carrying on
their crusade to make America a better and safer place.
By a joint resolution approved October 1, 1962 (76 Stat. 676), the
Congress has authorized and requested the President to designate May 15
of each year as ``Peace Officers Memorial Day'' and the week in which it
falls as ``Police Week,'' and, by Public Law 103-322 (36 U.S.C. 175),
has directed that the flag be flown at half-staff on Peace Officers
Memorial Day.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, do hereby proclaim May 15, 1997, as Peace Officers Memorial Day
and May 11 through May 17, 1997, as Police Week. I call upon the people
of the United States to observe these occasions with appropriate
ceremonies, programs, and activities. I also request the Governors of
the United States and of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, as well as the
appropriate officials of all units of government, to direct that the
flag be flown at half-staff on Peace Officers Memorial Day on all
buildings, grounds, and naval vessels throughout the United States and
all areas under its jurisdiction and control. I also invite all
Americans to display the flag at half-staff from their homes on that
day.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this seventh day of May,
in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of the
Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and twenty-
first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
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Proclamation 7001 of May 8, 1997
Jewish Heritage Week, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
The American Jewish community, with its rich and diverse culture, has
served as a continuous source of ethical and moral values for our great
Nation since its founding. The principles of Jewish heritage--family,
community, faith, and service--parallel the ideals that inspired our
country's founders and that anchor our modern democracy.
Members of the Jewish faith have long added to America's cultural life a
legacy of law and human compassion, a struggle for freedom and fairness,
and a love of learning and the arts. Drawing from their proud heritage,
Jewish citizens have made vital contributions to every sector of
society, as scientists and soldiers, judges and teachers, artists,
entrepreneurs, and philanthropists.
Jewish traditions lend special meaning to the spring season. The recent
celebration of Passover commemorates the exodus of Jewish slaves from
ancient Egypt. The observance of this religious and historical milestone
also honors the character of the Jewish people, who, despite continual
hardship, clung to their enduring faith in God and the promise of a
brighter future. The annual spring commemorations of Passover, Holocaust
Memorial Day, and Israel's Independence are occasions for deep
reflection by American Jewry and demonstrate to all Americans the
importance of remembrance, faith, freedom, and justice.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim May 11 through May 18,
1997, as Jewish Heritage Week. I urge all Americans to observe this week
with appropriate programs and to pay tribute to American Jews for
sharing their message of hope and perseverance with all of us.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this eighth day of May,
in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of the
Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and twenty-
first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7002 of May 9, 1997
National Defense Transportation Day and National Transportation Week,
1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
The United States has the finest, safest transportation system in the
world--superior highways and waterways, railroads, pipelines, and
air-
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ports. This system unites a diverse Nation, provides economic
opportunity, and enhances our quality of life by giving our citizens
almost unrestricted mobility.
As we approach the 21st century, we must maintain the strength and
reliability of this transportation system. The globalization of our
economy demands more efficient shipping if we are to remain competitive.
The growth in passenger traffic spurred by an expanding economy requires
new and better ways of enabling people to travel safely and
conveniently. In an unpredictable world, our transportation system must
be able to quickly move military and other equipment, humanitarian
supplies, and people to meet the demands of emergencies and natural
disasters throughout the world.
All levels of government and industry are working together to ensure
that our transportation system will continue to meet these challenges in
the years to come. We must also continue to address the need for a
cleaner environment and for sustainable communities, and we must ensure
that transportation is available for people with special needs. This
effort will require new technologies, advanced materials, improved
operating practices and logistical systems, and other innovations.
We must also strive to educate our youth in technology and
transportation issues. The Department of Transportation has launched the
Garrett A. Morgan Technology and Transportation Futures Program to
pursue this important goal through math, science, and technology
literacy programs, private-public education partnerships, and other
initiatives. An African American, Garrett Morgan invented the traffic
signal and is recognized as the father of our safe transportation
technology program. He served as a model of public service and as a
catalyst to enhance transportation education at all levels.
This week, Americans honor the men and women who, like Garrett Morgan,
have done and are doing so much to design, build, operate, and ensure
the safety of our transportation system. We salute them for their
contributions to our Nation and for helping to ensure that our
transportation system remains the best in the world.
In recognition of the millions of Americans who work every day to meet
our transportation needs, the Congress, by joint resolution approved May
16, 1957 (36 U.S.C. 160), has designated the third Friday in May of each
year as ``National Defense Transportation Day'' and, by joint resolution
approved May 14, 1962 (36 U.S.C. 166), declared that the week in which
that Friday falls be designated ``National Transportation Week.''
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, do hereby proclaim Friday, May 16, 1997, as National Defense
Transportation Day and May 11 through May 17, 1997, as National
Transportation Week. I urge all Americans to observe these occasions
with appropriate ceremonies and activities, giving due recognition to
the individuals and organizations that build, operate, safeguard, and
maintain this country's modern transportation system.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this ninth day of May,
in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of
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the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and twenty-
first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7003 of May 14, 1997
National Safe Boating Week, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
America's scenic waterways--the beautiful lakes, magnificent rivers, and
immense oceans at our borders--are a national treasure. Some 76 million
Americans of all ages and abilities--more than one-fourth of our
Nation's population--take to these vast resources every year to enjoy
the beauty of the outdoors, each in his or her own way. But boaters too
often forget that, besides being relaxing and fun, boating can be
dangerous.
The U.S. Coast Guard's most recent annual statistics reveal 851
fatalities related to recreational boating, a 13 percent increase from
the previous year. Tragically, 90 percent of those victims were not
wearing a life jacket. Because falling overboard and capsizing are the
two leading causes of all recreational boating fatalities, this safety
device is essential to boating safety. Refraining from drinking alcohol
is also essential to assure safe boating, as more than half of all
boating accidents involve alcohol.
Safe-boating education, which is available through a wide variety of
sources--the U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary, U.S. Power Squadrons, State and
local governments, and numerous private organizations--is another key to
accident prevention. Ninety percent of all boating fatalities occur on
boats whose operators had no formal boating safety instruction. By word
and by example, we must inform and educate both current and future
generations of boaters to become knowledgeable boat operators. Learn
about safety equipment and the ``rules of the road.'' Then follow a few
simple rules: wear a life jacket; never drink while boating; operate at
safe speeds; and be alert for weather changes.
By making safety the first priority and emphasizing the necessity for
all boaters, especially children, to wear life jackets, we can help to
put tragic boating accidents behind us and enjoy more fully the beauty
and excitement of the open water.
I commend the U.S. Coast Guard, Federal departments and agencies, States
and local governments, and the many recreational boating organizations
who are actively promoting saving lives on the water through the theme
of this year's campaign: ``Life Jackets. They Float. You Don't.''
In recognition of the importance of safe boating practices the year-
round, the Congress, by joint resolution approved June 4, 1958 (36
U.S.C. 161), as amended, has authorized and requested the President to
proclaim annually the seven-day period prior to the Memorial Day Weekend
as ``National Safe Boating Week.''
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, do hereby proclaim May 17 through May 23, 1997, as
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National Safe Boating Week. I encourage the Governors of the 50 States, the
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and officials of other areas subject to the
jurisdiction of the United States to join in observing this occasion and
to urge all Americans to practice safe boating habits not only during
this week but also throughout the year.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this fourteenth day of
May, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of
the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7004 of May 19, 1997
World Trade Week, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Two statistics sum up both the challenge and the promise of today's
dynamic global economy: 95 percent of the world's consumers live outside
the United States, and U.S. exports generated more than $830 billion in
sales in 1996. The theme of this year's World Trade Week, ``Make
Locally, Sell Globally,'' exhorts American businesses to take advantage
of the enormous commercial potential of the international marketplace,
and we are poised to do so.
Over the past 4 years, trade has spurred more than a quarter of our
overall domestic economic growth. During this period, the United States
under the leadership of the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative
signed more than 200 new trade agreements and is once again the world's
leading exporter. In recent months, we have concluded historic
agreements in the World Trade Organization that opened up the world
telecommunications services market to U.S. firms. We also have
negotiated a pact that will eliminate tariffs on information technology
products by the year 2000. Together, these agreements offer American
business better access to markets representing more than $1 trillion in
goods and services and are models for further market-opening
initiatives.
The North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has not only increased
trade with our member partners to a level of $425 billion annually, but
also has provided greater stability to the global economy. We are
committed to building on this success by achieving a Free Trade Area of
the Americas, and we look toward a comprehensive trade agreement with
Chile as the next concrete step in this direction.
Selling globally also requires vigorous trade enforcement efforts, such
as those we initiated recently by improving the protection of
intellectual property rights in China and some 20 other countries around
the world. Our ongoing efforts to eliminate trade barriers in Asia have
already paid dividends--for example, U.S. exports to Japan have grown by
more than 40 percent since 1993. We will also continue to strictly
enforce existing trade laws to ensure that imported goods in U.S.
markets do not enjoy an unfair advantage over those produced by U.S.
companies and workers.
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We are committed to helping all U.S. businesses continue to succeed--not
only by opening markets, but also by assisting U.S. exporters. My
Administration, through the efforts of the Trade Promotion Coordinating
Committee, has developed a National Export Strategy to help small- and
medium-size companies sell globally to realize their export potential.
Our nationwide network of U.S. Export Assistance Centers combines under
one roof the services of the Department of Commerce, the Small Business
Administration, the U.S. Export-Import Bank, and other agencies to
improve business access to trade information and financing. Over the
past 4 years, this network has more than doubled the amount of export
sales it facilitates. Our finance agencies, the U.S. Export-Import Bank,
the Overseas Private Investment Corporation, and the Trade and
Development Agency, also help American businesses compete on a level
playing field in this increasingly competitive world economy.
We can be proud of this record of achievement, but we must build on it.
Fair trade and open markets create stable economies in which democracy
can take root and flourish. The United States alone has the legacy, the
resources, and the responsibility to lead the world in this endeavor,
and we must continue to do so.
As we observe World Trade Week, 1997, I am confident that, working
together, we can sustain America's leadership in the global economy,
generate millions of new jobs, and improve the quality of life for all
our people.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim May 18 through May 24,
1997, as World Trade Week. I invite the people of the United States to
observe this week with ceremonies, activities, and programs that
celebrate the potential of international trade.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this nineteenth day of
May, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of
the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7005 of May 21, 1997
National Maritime Day, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Throughout America's history--from the Revolutionary War to today's
global challenges--our United States Merchant Marine has fulfilled its
mission with patriotism and efficiency, transporting our Nation's
cargoes in times of both peace and conflict. Our Merchant Marine has
shown its mettle time and again during major United States military
engagements, proving to be a crucial component in support of our Armed
Forces' efforts to protect our national interests and defend our
freedom. Today, we salute
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these skilled civilian seafarers, who continue
to distinguish their profession and demonstrate their commitment to
America's security through their unwavering support of our troops abroad
in both peacekeeping and humanitarian operations.
History has taught us how important a nation's flag presence is on the
high seas. Heeding the lessons of the past, the Congress and I
reaffirmed our pledge for a strong U.S.-flag fleet when I signed into
law the Maritime Security Act of 1996. This legislation sets the course
for America's Merchant Marine into the 21st century, sustaining a strong
sealift capability and bolstering national security. The Act will
strengthen American maritime and allied industries, while energizing our
efforts to further stimulate the economy through trade and commerce.
As we look to the challenges of the future, we recognize the continuing
importance of our U.S. domestic maritime fleet to the maintenance of our
Nation's commercial and defense maritime interests. I commend the
merchant mariners whose unstinting service has helped maintain both our
domestic and our international U.S. fleets.
In recognition of the importance of the U.S. Merchant Marine, the
Congress, by a resolution approved May 20, 1933, has designated May 22
of each year as ``National Maritime Day'' and has authorized and
requested the President to issue annually a proclamation calling for its
observance.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, do hereby proclaim May 22, 1997, as National Maritime Day. I
urge all Americans to observe this day with appropriate programs,
ceremonies, and activities and by displaying the flag of the United
States at their homes and in their communities. I also request that all
ships sailing under the American flag dress ship on that day.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-first day of
May, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of
the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7006 of May 22, 1997
Prayer for Peace, Memorial Day, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
The observance of Memorial Day is one of America's noblest traditions.
At its core lies the most basic of the beliefs on which our Nation was
founded: that freedom is so precious it is worth the price of our lives
to preserve it.
Throughout our history, we have been blessed by the courage and
commitment of Americans who were willing to pay that price, and more
than 1.3 million of them have died for our Nation. From Lexington and
Concord to Iwo Jima and the Persian Gulf, on fields of battle across
America and
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around the world, our men and women in uniform have risked--
and lost--their lives to protect America's interests, to advance the
ideals of democracy, and to defend the liberty we hold so dear.
This spirit of selfless sacrifice is an unbroken thread woven through
our history. Wherever they came from, whenever they served, our fallen
heroes knew they were fighting to preserve our freedom. On Memorial Day
we remember them, and we acknowledge that we stand as a great, proud,
and free Nation because of their devotion.
But this is not the only day on which we honor their service and
sacrifice. Whenever we lend our hearts and hands and voices to the work
of peace in the world, whenever we show respect for the flag, cast a
vote in an election, or exercise our freedoms of speech, assembly, and
worship, we honor our fellow Americans who guaranteed those freedoms
with their lives. In respect and recognition of these courageous men and
women, the Congress, by joint resolution approved on May 11, 1950 (64
Stat. 158), requested that the President issue a proclamation calling
upon the people of the United States to observe each Memorial Day as a
day of prayer for permanent peace and designating a period on that day
when the American people might unite in prayer.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, do hereby proclaim Memorial Day, May 26, 1997, as a day of
prayer for permanent peace, and I designate the hour beginning in each
locality at 11:00 a.m. of that day as a time to join in prayer. I urge
the press, radio, television, and all other information media to take
part in this observance.
I also request the Governors of the United States and the Commonwealth
of Puerto Rico, and the appropriate officials of all units of
government, to direct that the flag be flown at half-staff during this
Memorial Day on all buildings, grounds, and naval vessels throughout the
United States and in all areas under its jurisdiction and control, and I
request the people of the United States to display the flag at half-
staff from their homes for the customary forenoon period.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-second day
of May, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7007 of May 30, 1997
To Modify Duty-Free Treatment Under the Generalized System of
Preferences
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
1. Pursuant to sections 501, 503(a)(1)(A), and 503(c)(1) of title V of
the Trade Act of 1974 (``the 1974 Act''), 19 U.S.C. 2461-2466, as
amended, the President may designate or withdraw designation of
specified articles pro-
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vided for in the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the
United States (HTS) as eligible for preferential tariff treatment under
the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) when imported from
designated beneficiary developing countries.
2. Pursuant to sections 501 and 502 of the 1974 Act, the President is
authorized to designate countries as beneficiary developing countries
for purposes of the GSP.
3. Pursuant to section 503(c)(2)(A) of the 1974 Act, some beneficiary
developing countries are subject to the competitive need limitation on
the preferential treatment afforded under the GSP to eligible products.
4. Pursuant to section 503(c)(2)(C) of the 1974 Act, a country that is
no longer treated as a beneficiary developing country with respect to an
eligible article may be redesignated as a beneficiary developing country
with respect to such article if imports of such article from such
country did not exceed the competitive need limitation in section
503(c)(2)(A) during the preceding calendar year.
5. Pursuant to section 503(c)(2)(F) of the 1974 Act, the President may
disregard the competitive need limitation provided in section
503(c)(2)(A)(i)(II) with respect to any eligible article if the
aggregate appraised value of the imports of such article into the United
States during the preceding calendar year does not exceed the applicable
amount set forth in section 503(c)(2)(F)(ii).
6. Further, pursuant to subsection 503(d) of the 1974 Act, the President
may waive the application of the competitive need limitation in section
503(c)(2)(A) with respect to any eligible article of any beneficiary
developing country.
7. Pursuant to section 503(a)(1)(B) of the 1974 Act, the President may
designate articles as eligible articles only for countries designated as
least-developed beneficiary developing countries under section
502(a)(2), if the President determines that such articles are not
import-sensitive in the context of imports from such least-developed
beneficiary developing countries.
8. Pursuant to sections 501, 503(a)(1)(A), and 503(c)(1) of the 1974
Act, I have determined, after taking into account information and advice
received from the United States International Trade Commission under
section 503(a)(1)(A), to designate additional articles as eligible
articles for purposes of the GSP. In order to do so, it is necessary to
subdivide and amend the nomenclature of existing provisions of the HTS.
9. Pursuant to sections 501 and 502 of the 1974 Act, and having due
regard for the eligibility criteria set forth therein, I have determined
that it is appropriate to designate Cambodia as a beneficiary developing
country and a least-developed beneficiary developing country for
purposes of the GSP.
10. Pursuant to sections 503(c)(2)(A) of the 1974 Act, I have determined
that certain beneficiary countries should no longer receive preferential
tariff treatment under the GSP with respect to certain eligible articles
imported in quantities that exceed the applicable competitive need
limitation.
11. Pursuant to section 503(c)(2)(C) of the 1974 Act, I have determined
that certain countries should be redesignated as beneficiary developing
countries with respect to certain eligible articles that had been
imported pre
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viously in quantities that exceeded the competitive need
limitation of section 503(c)(2)(A).
12. Pursuant to section 503(c)(2)(F) of the 1974 Act, I have determined
that the competitive need limitation provided in section
503(c)(2)(A)(i)(II) should be waived with respect to certain eligible
articles.
13. Pursuant to section 503(d) of the 1974 Act, I have determined that
the competitive need limitation of section 503(c)(2)(A) should be waived
with respect to certain eligible articles from certain beneficiary
developing countries. I have received the advice of the United States
International Trade Commission on whether any industries in the United
States are likely to be adversely affected by such waivers and I have
determined, based on that advice and on the considerations described in
sections 501 and 502(c), that such waivers are in the national economic
interest of the United States. In order to grant one of those waivers,
it is necessary to subdivide and amend the nomenclature of existing
provisions of the HTS.
14. Pursuant to section 503(a)(1)(B) of the 1974 Act, I have determined
to designate certain articles as eligible articles under the GSP only
for least-developed beneficiary developing countries.
15. Section 604 of the 1974 Act, 19 U.S.C. 2483, as amended, authorizes
the President to embody in the HTS the substance of the relevant
provisions of that Act, and of other acts affecting import treatment,
and actions thereunder, including the removal, modification,
continuance, or imposition of any rate of duty or other import
restriction.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, acting under the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
the laws of the United States of America, including but not limited to
title V and section 604 of the 1974 Act, do proclaim that:
(1) In order to provide that Cambodia is designated as a beneficiary
developing country and a least-developed beneficiary developing country
for purposes of the GSP, that one or more countries that have not been
treated as beneficiary developing countries with respect to one or more
eligible articles should be redesignated as beneficiary developing
countries with respect to such article or articles for purposes of the
GSP, and that one or more countries should no longer be treated as
beneficiary developing countries with respect to an eligible article for
purposes of the GSP, general note 4 to the HTS is modified as provided
in section A of Annex I to this proclamation.
(2) In order to designate certain articles as eligible articles for
purposes of the GSP when imported from beneficiary developing countries,
the HTS is modified as provided in section B of Annex I to this
proclamation.
(3) (a) In order to designate an article as an eligible article for
purposes of the GSP when imported from any beneficiary developing
country other than India, the Rates of Duty 1-Special subcolumn for the
HTS subheading enumerated in section C(1)(a) of Annex I to this
proclamation is modified as provided in such Annex section.
(b) In order to designate an article as an eligible article for
purposes of the GSP when imported from any beneficiary developing
country, the Rates of Duty 1-Special subcolumn for the HTS subheading
enumerated in
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section C(1)(b) of Annex I to this proclamation is
modified as provided in such Annex section.
(c) In order to restore preferential tariff treatment under the
GSP to a country that has been excluded from the benefits of the GSP for
an eligible article, the Rates of Duty 1-Special subcolumn for each of
the HTS subheadings enumerated in section C(1)(c) of Annex I to this
proclamation is modified as provided in such Annex section.
(d) In order to provide that one or more countries should no
longer be treated as a beneficiary developing country with respect to an
eligible article for purposes of the GSP, the Rates of Duty 1-Special
subcolumn for each of the HTS provisions enumerated in section C(2) of
Annex I to this proclamation is modified as provided in such Annex
section.
(4) In order to designate certain articles as eligible articles for
purposes of the GSP only when imported from designated least-developed
beneficiary developing countries, the HTS is modified as provided in
Annex II to this proclamation.
(5) A waiver of the application of section 503(c)(2)(A) of the 1974
Act shall apply to the eligible articles in the HTS subheadings and to
the beneficiary developing countries set forth in Annex III to this
proclamation.
(6) In order to provide for the continuation of previously
proclaimed staged reductions in the Rates of Duty 1-General subcolumn,
for goods that fall in the HTS subheadings modified by section B(1) of
Annex I to this proclamation and that are entered, or withdrawn from
warehouse for consumption, on or after the dates specified in Annex IV
to this proclamation, the rate of duty in the HTS set forth in such
subcolumn for each of the HTS subheadings enumerated in Annex IV to this
proclamation is deleted and the rate of duty provided in such Annex is
inserted in lieu thereof.
(7) Any provisions of previous proclamations and Executive orders
that are inconsistent with the actions taken in this proclamation are
superseded to the extent of such inconsistency.
(8) (a) The modifications made by Annexes I, II, and IV to this
proclamation shall be effective with respect to articles entered, or
withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after the dates set
forth in such Annexes.
(b) The action taken in Annex III to this proclamation shall be
effective on May 31, 1997.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this thirtieth day of
May, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of
the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
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Proclamation 7008 of May 30, 1997
Small Business Week, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
America was built on the enterprise of our people--on their ideas, their
energy, their willingness to take risks, and their willingness to pursue
their dreams. Throughout the decades, men and women of independence,
optimism, and determination have come to our shores, confident in the
knowledge that in America they could build a life for themselves and
their families through their own initiative, creating and developing
businesses in every field of endeavor.
The success of the small business community has been a hallmark of our
free enterprise system, helping to drive the engine of America's economy
as we compete in the global marketplace. The invaluable contributions of
small business owners to the strength of our economy are reflected in
some extraordinary statistics. The recent record growth of the small
business community has resulted in 840,000 new employer firms over the
past year--the highest number ever, and a 2-percent increase over the
last record set in 1995. Small businesses employ 53 percent of America's
private work force, account for 47 percent of all sales in the country,
and generate more than half of our private gross domestic product; and
industries dominated by small business produced almost 1.5 million new
jobs in the last year alone.
Our challenge now is to help America's small business community build on
this phenomenal record of success. My Administration is committed to
giving small business men and women the opportunity to realize their
dreams. The Small Business Administration has a portfolio guaranteeing
over $27 billion in loans to 185,000 small businesses that otherwise
would not have access to such capital. We are encouraging
microenterprise through the Department of Treasury's Community
Development Financial Institution Fund, an initiative that makes it
easier for prospective entrepreneurs to obtain the training and
financing they need to start their own businesses. Working in
partnership with State governments, we are striving to help modernize
our Nation's small and medium-sized manufacturers and removing
regulatory barriers to the adoption of new technologies in such fields
as telemedicine, building and construction, and environmental
technologies. We have also developed a National Export Strategy to help
America's small and medium-sized businesses realize their export
potential and compete effectively in the global marketplace.
As we observe Small Business Week, I join all Americans in saluting the
men and women who have embraced the opportunities our country offers,
whose hard work is transforming their communities, and whose energy and
initiative are building our country into the kind of Nation we want to
be in the 21st century.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim June 1 through June 7,
1997, as Small Business Week. I call upon Government officials and all
the people of the United States to observe this week with appropriate
cere-
[[Page 86]]
monies, activities, and programs that celebrate the achievements of
small business owners and encourage the development of new enterprises.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this thirtieth day of
May, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of
the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7009 of June 6, 1997
Flag Day and National Flag Week, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Our Nation's flag has always flown in the vanguard of the American
journey, reminding us of our proud past and beckoning us into a future
full of promise. Its bold colors reflect the courage and exuberance of
the American people, and its simple but inspired design symbolizes both
the unity and diversity that define our Nation.
Adopted by the Continental Congress on June 14, 1777, the Stars and
Stripes became the official flag of the young United States and a
compelling symbol of our new independence. Woven into its folds were the
hopes, dreams, and determination of the extraordinary individuals who
founded this country--hopes for a system of government that would honor
the rights and dignity of every citizen; dreams that their great
experiment in democracy would succeed; and determination to ensure that
success, even at the cost of their own lives. Since that time,
generations of Americans have invested the flag with their own hopes and
dreams. Millions of immigrants, traveling to these shores to flee
poverty or oppression, have rejoiced at their first glimpse of the
American flag, confident that its promise of freedom, equality, and
opportunity would prove true for them and their families.
We have carried Old Glory to places undreamed of by our founders, from
the depths of Earth's oceans to the Sea of Tranquility on the Moon.
Through conflict and in peace, on missions of exploration and on
missions of mercy, the flag has led us wherever our questing spirits
have been willing to venture, and whenever America's freedom, security,
and values have been threatened.
On Flag Day and during National Flag Week, I encourage all Americans to
join me in reflecting on the proud history and profound meaning of our
flag. And let us pledge to keep faith with those generations of
patriots, both military and civilian, who gave their lives to keep the
flag flying over a Nation that is free, strong, and true to our highest
ideals.
To commemorate the adoption of our flag, the Congress, by joint
resolution approved August 3, 1949 (63 Stat. 492), designated June 14 of
each year as ``Flag Day'' and requested the President to issue an annual
proclamation calling for its observance and for the display of the Flag
of the United States on all Federal Government buildings. The Congress
also requested
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the President, by joint resolution approved June 9, 1966
(80 Stat. 194), to issue annually a proclamation designating the week in
which June 14 occurs as ``National Flag Week'' and calling upon all
citizens of the United States to display the flag during that week.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, do hereby proclaim June 14, 1997, as Flag Day and the week
beginning June 8, 1997, as National Flag Week. I direct the appropriate
officials to display the flag on all Federal Government buildings during
that week, and I urge all Americans to observe Flag Day and National
Flag Week by flying the Stars and Stripes from their homes and other
suitable places.
I also call upon the people of the United States to observe with pride
and all due ceremony those days from Flag Day through Independence Day,
also set aside by the Congress (89 Stat. 211), as a time to honor our
Nation, to celebrate our heritage in public gatherings and activities,
and to publicly recite the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag of the
United States of America.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this sixth day of June,
in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of the
Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and twenty-
first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7010 of June 12, 1997
Father's Day, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Raising a child is a sacred mission, and the man who welcomes this
mission and embraces the obligations of fatherhood is someone who truly
deserves our recognition and gratitude. On Father's Day, we honor all
the men across our country who have affirmed the importance of
parenthood by willingly assuming its important responsibilities.
The tight grasp of a newborn baby's tiny hand curled around his or her
father's finger only hints at the strength of the bond that will grow in
all the seasons of life between father and child. Caring fathers are not
content to merely safeguard their children's physical well-being, but
also seek to foster their spiritual and moral growth, and pass on their
most cherished values. Mentor, teacher, coach, friend, and hero, a
father gives his son or daughter all that his mind, his hands, and his
heart can provide. No work is too hard, no sacrifice is too great if
doing so will strengthen, protect, nurture, and instill joy in his
child.
Fathers teach their children to take pride in themselves and their work,
to assume responsibility for their lives and character, and to
understand the rewards of sharing with others. Most important, fathers--
whether biological, adoptive, or foster--offer the strong, steady
current of love that sustains their sons and daughters through the good
times and bad times that all of us face.
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Our Nation is blessed that so many Americans cherish the role of
fatherhood in our families, for fathers add a crucial stability and
strength to our lives. On Father's Day, let us honor and give thanks to
these men who share with their children not only the precious gifts of
life and love, but also their time, attention, and the kind of caring
concern that lasts a lifetime.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, in accordance with a joint resolution of the Congress approved
April 24, 1972 (36 U.S.C. 142a), do hereby proclaim Sunday, June 15,
1997, as Father's Day. I invite the States, communities, and citizens of
the United States to observe this day with appropriate ceremonies and
activities that demonstrate our deep respect and abiding affection for
our fathers.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twelfth day of
June, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of
the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7011 of June 30, 1997
To Implement the World Trade Organization Ministerial Declaration on
Trade in Information Technology Products and the Agreement on Distilled
Spirits
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
1. On December 13, 1996, the first Ministerial Meeting of the World
Trade Organization (``the WTO'') issued a Declaration On Trade In
Information Technology Products (``the ITA''), which established a
framework for expanding world trade in information technology products
and enhancing market access opportunities for such products. To
implement that declaration, 42 WTO members and governments in the
process of acceding to the WTO agreed to eliminate duties on information
technology products. These products encompass computers and computer
equipment, semiconductors and integrated circuits, computer software
products, telecommunications equipment, semiconductor manufacturing
equipment, and computer-based analytical instruments. The participants
further agreed on the common objective of achieving, where appropriate,
a common classification of such goods for tariff purposes within the
existing nomenclature of the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding
System (HS), and on a possible future joint suggestion to the World
Customs Organization to update existing HS nomenclature or to otherwise
remedy any divergence in classification of such goods or in
interpretation of the HS nomenclature.
2. The United States and the European Union, on behalf of its 15 member
states, also reached agreement at the WTO Ministerial Meeting on the
elimination of duties on certain distilled spirits.
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3. Section 111(b) of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act (URAA)(19 U.S.C.
3521(b)) authorizes the President to proclaim the modification of any
duty or staged rate reduction of any duty set forth in Schedule XX for
products in tariff categories that were the subject of reciprocal duty
elimination or harmonization negotiations during the Uruguay Round, if
the United States agrees to such action in a multilateral negotiation
under the auspices of the WTO and after compliance with the requirements
of section 115 of the URAA (19 U.S.C. 3524). The products covered by the
ITA and the Agreement on Distilled Spirits were the subject of
reciprocal duty elimination negotiations during the Uruguay Round.
4. Accordingly, pursuant to section 111(b) of the URAA, I have
determined to proclaim modifications in the tariff categories and rates
of duty set forth in the Harmonized Tariff Schedule (``the HTS''), as
set forth in the Annexes to this proclamation.
5. Proclamation 6763 of December 23, 1994, implemented the tariff and
other customs treatment resulting from the Uruguay Round of multilateral
trade negotiations, as set forth in Schedule XX, with respect to the
United States. Proclamation 6641 of December 15, 1993, implemented the
North American Free Trade Agreement (``the NAFTA'') with respect to the
United States and incorporated in the HTS the tariff modifications and
rules of origin necessary or appropriate to carry out or apply the
NAFTA. Certain tariff provisions established by these proclamations,
including staged reductions in rates of duty, and certain NAFTA rules of
origin must be modified in light of the implementation of the ITA, to
ensure that the previously proclaimed tariff and other customs treatment
will be continued, and to take into account the tariff treatment
provided for in the ITA. Accordingly, I have determined to modify the
HTS in order to continue or provide such tariff and other customs
treatment.
6. Section 604 of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (``the 1974 Act'')
(19 U.S.C. 2483), authorizes the President to embody in the HTS the
substance of the relevant provisions of that Act, and of other acts
affecting import treatment, and actions thereunder, including removal,
modification, continuance, or imposition of any rate of duty or other
import restriction.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, acting under the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
the laws of the United States of America, including but not limited to
section 111(b) of the URAA and section 604 of the 1974 Act, do hereby
proclaim:
(1) In order to provide for the immediate or staged elimination of
duties on the information technology products covered by the ITA and on
certain distilled spirits, and to make conforming changes in other
provisions, the HTS is modified as set forth in the Annexes to this
proclamation.
(2) The modifications to the HTS made by this proclamation shall be
effective with respect to goods entered, or withdrawn from warehouse for
consumption, on or after the dates specified in the Annexes to this
proclamation.
(3) All provisions of previous proclamations and Executive orders
that are inconsistent with the actions taken in this proclamation are
superseded to the extent of such inconsistency.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this thirtieth day of
June, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of
the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-first.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
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Proclamation 7012 of July 18, 1997
Captive Nations Week, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
From its earliest days as a Nation, America has been a champion of
freedom and human dignity. Our Declaration of Independence was a ringing
cry against ``the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these
States'' and affirmed the revolutionary concept that governments derive
their powers from the free consent of those they govern. For more than
two centuries our Bill of Rights has guaranteed such basic human rights
as freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and
freedom from arbitrary arrest. With such a history and heritage, we can
feel only outrage that millions of people around the world still suffer
beneath the shadow of oppression, their rights routinely violated by
their own governments and leaders.
Almost four decades ago, our Nation observed the first Captive Nations
Week to express formally our solidarity with the oppressed peoples of
the world. Since that time, thanks to our steadfast advocacy for
democratic reform and universal human rights, and the courage and
determination of countless men and women around the globe, the world's
political landscape has undergone a remarkable transformation. Nations
once dominated by the Soviet Union and its satellite governments have
blossomed into new democracies, establishing free market economies and
free societies that respect individual rights. Families and countrymen
once divided by walls and barbed wire, now walk together in the fresh
air of liberty. The unprecedented gathering of 44 countries at the Euro-
Atlantic Partnership Council meeting earlier this month in Madrid
symbolizes how far we have come in building a stable, democratic, and
undivided Europe.
Yet while countries like Poland, Romania, and Estonia are no longer
among the ranks of captive nations, too many others are still held
hostage by tyranny, and new nations still fall victim to the scourge of
oppression. Tragically, even as the wave of freedom and democratic
reform sweeps across Eastern and Central Europe, former Soviet bloc
countries, and nations in South America, Asia, and Africa, there are
still governments that derive their strength, not from the consent of
their citizens, but from terror, repression, and exploitation. Too many
leaders still fuel the fires of racial, ethnic, and religious hatred;
too many people still suffer from ignorance, prejudice, and brutality.
As we observe Captive Nations Week this year, let us reaffirm our
commitment to the American ideals of freedom and justice. Let us
strengthen our resolve to promote respect for human rights and self-
determination for women and men of every nationality, creed, and race.
Let us continue to speak out for those who have no voice. It is our
Nation's obligation to do so, as the world's best hope for lasting peace
and freedom and as a source of enduring inspiration to oppressed peoples
everywhere.
The Congress, by Joint Resolution approved July 17, 1959 (73 Stat. 212),
has authorized and requested the President to issue a proclamation
designating the third week in July of each year as ``Captive Nations
Week.''
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NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, do hereby proclaim July 20 through July 26, 1997, as Captive
Nations Week. I call upon the people of the United States to observe
this week with appropriate ceremonies and activities and to rededicate
ourselves to supporting the cause of human rights, liberty, peace, and
self-determination for all the peoples of the world.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this eighteenth day of
July, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of
the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7013 of July 24, 1997
Death of William J. Brennan, Jr.
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
As a mark of respect for the memory of William J. Brennan, Jr., former
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, I hereby
order, by the authority vested in me as President of the United States
of America by section 175 of title 36 of the United States Code, that
the flag of the United States shall be flown at half-staff upon all
public buildings and grounds, at all military posts and naval stations,
and on all naval vessels of the Federal Government in the District of
Columbia and throughout the United States and its Territories and
possessions until sunset on the day of interment. I also direct that the
flag shall be flown at half-staff for the same period at all United
States embassies, legations, consular offices, and other facilities
abroad, including all military facilities and naval vessels and
stations.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-fourth day
of July, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7014 of July 25, 1997
National Korean War Veterans Armistice Day, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
On July 27, 1953, a negotiated cease-fire brought an end to the Korean
War and to some of the most savage fighting in the history of America's
Armed Forces. More than 54,000 Americans lost their lives, more than
103,000 were wounded, and thousands more were listed as missing in
action. To
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a nation still recovering from the terrors and hardships of
World War II, this conflict was a harsh reminder that freedom still had
enemies at large in the world.
But the Korean War taught us that free nations could work together in
partnership through the United Nations, standing firm against tyranny
and in defense of liberty. We were reminded once again of the skill,
courage, and indomitable spirit of our men and women in uniform. We
learned that the American people were tough enough and determined enough
to prevail in the long struggle of the Cold War.
Our victory in that struggle had its roots in the Korean War, and we owe
our veterans of that conflict a profound debt of gratitude. Many of them
were still scarred from the battles of World War II when they answered
the call to duty in Korea. They fought a different kind of war in an
unfamiliar land, facing a new and fiercely determined enemy. There they
proved to all the enemies of freedom, and to the world, that America's
commitment to liberty, democracy, and human rights was not only one of
words, but also one of deeds.
Etched into the eastern wall of the Korean War Veterans Memorial in our
Nation's Capital is the simple sentence, ``Freedom Is Not Free.'' On
this day we honor those who recognized the truth of that inscription and
were willing to pay freedom's price with their own lives. We salute our
men and women in uniform who served so valiantly in the Korean War, and
we remember with sorrow and with pride all those who never came home.
The Congress, by Public Law 104-19 (36 U.S.C. 169m), has designated July
27, 1997, as ``National Korean War Veterans Armistice Day'' and has
authorized and requested the President to issue a proclamation in
observance of this day.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, do hereby proclaim July 27, 1997, as National Korean War
Veterans Armistice Day. I call upon all Americans to observe this day
with appropriate ceremonies and activities that honor and give thanks to
our Nation's distinguished Korean War veterans. I also ask Federal
departments and agencies, interested groups, organizations, and
individuals to fly the American flag at half-staff on July 27, 1997, in
memory of the Americans who died as a result of their service in Korea.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-fifth day of
July, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of
the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
[[Page 128]]
Proclamation 7015 of July 25, 1997
Parents' Day, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
There are few experiences in life more challenging or more rewarding
than being a parent. Holding their child for the first time, parents
suddenly realize that they are totally responsible for this small person
entrusted to their care. On Parents' Day, we pay tribute to these quiet
heroes among us--the mothers and fathers who make a lifetime commitment
to their children.
Parents work hard to meet their children's need for food, shelter,
clothing, and protection; but more important, they give their daughters
and sons the deep and abiding love, guidance, attention, and
encouragement that empowers them with the values and self-esteem to
succeed in life. Parents love their children as they are, yet still help
them to dream big dreams about who they can become.
The more we learn about our children, the more we realize the importance
of good parenting. As we learned at the recent White House Conference on
Early Childhood Development and Learning, the first few years of life
are crucial to a child's emotional, social, and intellectual
development. As their children's first and most influential teachers,
parents play an immeasurably important role in helping their sons and
daughters grow into happy and healthy adulthood.
The responsibilities of parenthood have become even more challenging in
today's complex world. In many American families, both parents must
work, struggling to balance the demands of job, home, and family. This
balancing act is even harder for single parents, who must face the
challenge of raising their children alone. In our mobile society,
parents are often less able to rely on an extended family to help them
provide the care and attention their children need. And today's mothers
and fathers must protect their children from the ever-present threats of
drugs, gangs, guns, violence, and unhealthy influences in the media and
on the Internet.
Recognizing that good parents are the foundation of our society, my
Administration has strived for the past 4 years to give parents the help
they need to meet their responsibilities. I signed into law the Family
and Medical Leave Act of 1993, and we are now proposing an expansion of
that legislation to allow workers up to 24 hours of unpaid leave each
year to meet family obligations. We are fighting to make our
neighborhoods safer and drug-free and to reduce juvenile crime. We have
expanded and improved Head Start to help parents prepare their young
children to enter school ready to learn, and we have created an Early
Head Start Program for children age 3 and under. We succeeded in
requiring the installation of the V-chip and in helping to develop a
voluntary ratings system on television so that parents can better
protect their children from inappropriate material. And we are working
with the computer industry to provide family-friendly controls that will
give parents similar tools to use on the Internet.
As we observe Parents' Day this year, I urge all Americans to join me in
paying tribute to the millions of mothers and fathers--biological and
adoptive, foster parents and stepparents--whose boundless love and
selfless ef-
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forts are building a better life for their children and for
our nation. Let us repay that love and effort by striving, in our
neighborhoods, schools, businesses, community and church organizations,
and in government at every level, to help parents fulfill their awesome
responsibilities and create a brighter future for America.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States and consistent with Public Law 103-362, do
hereby proclaim Sunday, July 27, 1997, as Parents' Day. I invite the
States, communities, and the people of the United States to join
together in observing this day with appropriate ceremonies and
activities to honor our Nation's parents.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-fifth day of
July, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of
the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7016 of July 31, 1997
To Implement an Accelerated Schedule of Duty Elimination Under the North
American Free Trade Agreement
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
1. On December 17, 1992, the Governments of Canada, Mexico, and the
United States of America entered into the North American Free Trade
Agreement (``the NAFTA''). The NAFTA was approved by the Congress in
section 101(a) of the North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation
Act (``the NAFTA Implementation Act'') (19 U.S.C. 3311(a)) and was
implemented with respect to the United States by Proclamation 6641 of
December 15, 1993.
2. Section 201(b) of the NAFTA Implementation Act (19 U.S.C. 3331(b))
authorizes the President, subject to the consultation and layover
requirements of section 103(a) of the NAFTA Implementation Act (19
U.S.C. 3313(a)), to proclaim accelerated schedules for duty elimination
that the United States may agree to with Mexico or Canada. Consistent
with Article 302(3) of the NAFTA, I, through my duly empowered
representative, on March 20, 1997, entered into an agreement with the
Government of Canada and the Government of Mexico providing for an
accelerated schedule of duty elimination for specific goods.
Consultation and layover requirements of section 103(a) of the NAFTA
Implementation Act with respect to such schedule of duty elimination
have been satisfied.
3. Pursuant to section 201(b) of the NAFTA Implementation Act, I have
determined that the modifications hereinafter proclaimed of duties on
goods originating in the territory of a NAFTA party are necessary or
appropriate to (i) maintain the general level of reciprocal and mutually
advantageous concessions with respect to Canada and Mexico provided for
by the
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NAFTA and (ii) to carry out the agreement with Canada and Mexico
providing an accelerated schedule of duty elimination for specific
goods.
4. Section 604 of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (19 U.S.C. 2483)
(``the Trade Act''), authorizes the President to embody in the
Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (``the HTS'') the
substance of the relevant provisions of acts affecting import treatment,
and actions thereunder, including the removal, modification,
continuance, or imposition of any rate of duty or other import
restriction.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, acting under the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
the laws of the United States, including but not limited to section
201(b) of the NAFTA Implementation Act and section 604 of the Trade Act,
do proclaim that:
(1) In order to provide for an accelerated schedule of duty
elimination for specific goods, the tariff treatment set forth in the
HTS for certain NAFTA originating goods is modified as provided in the
Annex to this proclamation.
(2) Any provisions of previous proclamations and Executive orders
that are inconsistent with the actions taken in this proclamation are
superseded to the extent of such inconsistency.
(3) The amendments made to the HTS by the Annex to this proclamation
shall be effective with respect to goods entered, or withdrawn from
warehouse for consumption, on or after July 1, 1997.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this thirty-first day of
July, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and of
the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
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Proclamation 7017 of August 19, 1997
Women's Equality Day, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Each year, on Women's Equality Day, we reflect on how far we have
traveled on our journey to make America live up to the ideals of justice
and equality articulated so powerfully in the Declaration of
Independence, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights. Few
constitutional amendments have affected that progress more profoundly
than the 19th, which guarantees American women the right to vote.
Looking back from today's vantage point, where women hold positions of
authority and responsibility at almost every level of government, it is
hard to imagine that, for almost a century and a half, women were barred
from exercising the most fundamental right of every democracy. There are
women still living among us who can remember a time when they were
prevented, by law, from having a role in shaping the destiny of their
country and the impact of government on their own and their families'
lives. But thanks to women and men of extraordinary courage and
conviction, who waged for years a determined campaign for women's
suffrage, the 19th Amendment was ratified in August of 1920 and opened
the door for generations of American women to add their vision and
voices to our national discourse.
This year, we mark another milestone in the life of our democracy: the
25th anniversary of the enactment of Title IX of the Education
Amendments of 1972. Title IX, building on the spirit of the 19th
Amendment, prohibits discrimination against women in education and
sports programs. For a quarter-century, it has enabled American girls
and women to make the most of their abilities, to dream big dreams, and,
more important, to achieve those dreams. In large measure, because of
the 19th Amendment and Title IX, our Nation has reaped the rewards of
women's talents, accomplishments, wisdom, and perspective. In every
activity and profession, in the home and outside--as astronauts and
professional athletes, as teachers and university presidents, as farmers
and firefighters, as caregivers, Cabinet members, and Supreme Court
Justices--women have made lasting contributions to the quality of our
lives and the strength of our democracy.
Today, as Americans engage in a serious and profoundly important
dialogue on the future of our multiracial, multiethnic, multicultural
society, we do well to remember that we are all immeasurably enriched
when we choose the path of inclusion and empowerment. Women's Equality
Day and the anniversary of Title IX remind us that by demanding an equal
opportunity for every American, we ensure a brighter future for all
Americans.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim August 26, 1997, as
Women's Equality Day. I call upon the citizens of our great Nation to
observe this day with appropriate programs and activities.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this nineteenth day of
August, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7018 of September 8, 1997
America Goes Back to School, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Americans want the best for our children. We want them to live out their
dreams, empowered with the tools they need to make the most of their
lives and to build a future where America remains the world's beacon of
hope and freedom and opportunity. To do this, we must all make improving
the quality of education in America one of our highest priorities.
In my State of the Union Address earlier this year, I issued a call to
action for American education to prepare our Nation for the 21st
century. Working together, we must make our schools strong and safe,
with clear standards of achievement and discipline and talented,
dedicated teachers in every classroom. Every school and every State
should adopt rigorous national standards, with national tests in 4th-
grade reading and 8th-grade math to make sure our children master the
basics. We must ensure that every student can read independently and
well by the end of the 3rd grade. We must connect every classroom and
library to the Internet by the year 2000 and help all students become
technologically literate. We must modernize school buildings and expand
school choice and accountability in public education. And we must
encourage lifelong learning for all our citizens, from expanding Head
Start programs to helping adults improve their education and skills.
These goals are ambitious, but they are crucial if we are to prepare for
the challenges and possibilities of life in the 21st century. With the
1997 balanced budget agreement, we will begin to meet these goals by
providing new resources to help children learn to read, the means to
help connect every school to the Internet, and tens of billions of
dollars in tax cuts to help families pay for college.
I urge all Americans to become actively involved in their local schools
and colleges and to make a real commitment to support education
improvement and give our children the kind of support they need to
succeed. The Partnership for Family Involvement in Education is setting
a powerful example in this endeavor. These partners--including the
Department of Education and more than 3,000 schools, families, colleges
and universities, community, cultural, and religious groups, businesses,
elected officials and policymakers, and the men and women of our Armed
Forces--have pledged their support for our initiative, ``America Goes
Back to School: Answering the President's Call to Action.'' Through
their dedication to our children, they are helping America's young
people grow into responsible and productive
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citizens. They are proving
that when communities unite, every student can achieve.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim September 8 through
September 14, 1997, as a time when America Goes Back to School. I
encourage parents, schools, community and State leaders, businesses,
civic and religious organizations, and the people of the United States
to observe this week with appropriate ceremonies and activities
expressing support for high academic standards and meaningful
involvement in schools and colleges and the students and families they
serve.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this eighth day of
September, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven,
and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred
and twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7019 of September 12, 1997
National Week of Food Recovery, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
The American people are blessed with rich natural resources and an
agricultural sector that is the most efficient and productive in the
world. It is a tragic reality, however, that in this land of plenty,
many of our fellow Americans still go hungry each day. This statistic
becomes even more heartbreaking when we realize that about 27 percent of
the estimated 356 billion pounds of food that America produces each year
goes to waste at the retail, wholesale, and consumer levels.
Most of this loss occurs in the commercial food chain, as food travels
from farms to wholesale markets, manufacturers, supermarkets, company
cafeterias, and restaurants, and much of it is recoverable. Whether it
be day-old bread at a bakery or an extra pan of lasagna not served by a
restaurant or cafeteria, a significant amount of this food is perfectly
edible and wholesome. Throwing away such food is an intolerable loss,
because it both denies hungry Americans a vital source of nourishment
and wastes precious resources. Municipalities across the country
currently spend about $1 billion a year in tax dollars to dispose of
excess food.
There is a growing national movement to recover this food and distribute
it to Americans in need. This movement, led by nonprofit groups and
energized by new efforts at the Department of Agriculture, is making a
noticeable difference in the amount of edible excess food that is
finding its way to hungry people rather than ending up in dumpsters.
Every sector of our society--from individuals to large institutions--can
do more to glean and recover excess food. Every person can have an
impact. Individuals can donate canned and boxed goods to food drives;
they can give their time and money to food recovery organizations; they
can even
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encourage the places where they work--and the businesses they
patronize--to get involved in this movement.
Food recovery efforts will never replace a strong Federal safety net
that includes such critical programs as the Food Stamp Program; the
Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children;
the National School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs; and nutrition
education efforts. However, extra food, provided through food recovery,
can serve as a vital supplement to the diets of millions of Americans in
need.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, do hereby proclaim September 14 through September 20, 1997, as
National Week of Food Recovery, to be held in conjunction with the
National Summit on Food Recovery. I call on all Americans to observe
this week by actively participating in and supporting efforts to recover
food for distribution to hungry Americans.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twelfth day of
September, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven,
and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred
and twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7020 of September 12, 1997
National Hispanic Heritage Month, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Throughout our history, America's promise of individual freedom and
opportunity has drawn millions upon millions of immigrants from across
the globe. As these newcomers arrived, they gradually wove their own
traditions into the tapestry of our Nation's culture and society. The
world's economy is becoming ever more interdependent and competitive,
and these changes and others brought on by the revolution in
communication technologies are lowering many of the old barriers to
economic, cultural, and intellectual exchange among nations. In this new
global community, we benefit greatly from the contributions that
Hispanic Americans bring to our economy and our society.
As the youngest and fastest-growing segment of our population, Hispanic
Americans are an increasingly vital part of our economy. In the first 3
years of our Administration, more than 220,000 Hispanic-American-owned
businesses were created, and in recent years the number of companies
owned by Hispanic women, in particular, has grown at three times the
overall rate of business growth. Our citizens with roots in South and
Central America, the Caribbean, and Spain have inherited an
entrepreneurial spirit and an intense work ethic that have helped
energize the strongest American economy in a generation. The new head of
the Small Business Administration, Aida Alvarez, is a symbol of that
spirit and its importance to America. Along with Secretary of Energy
Federico Pena, Under Secretary of Agriculture I. Miley Gonzales, and
Ambassador Bill Richardson, the United
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States Representative to the
United Nations, Administrator Alvarez reflects my Administration's
continuing commitment to bring highly qualified Hispanic Americans into
the highest levels of Government.
Our Hispanic citizens also are vital to America's success in expanding
trade and developing closer ties with nations throughout the Western
Hemisphere. Sharing a rich cultural and linguistic heritage with
Hispanic Americans, these nations are already among our closest trading
partners, and we hope to further expand our relationships with them at
the Summit of the Americas next March.
The contributions of Hispanic Americans to the life of our Nation are
much more than economic. Their strong commitment to family, community,
and country sets a shining example for all our people. Generations of
Hispanic Americans have served and sacrificed in America's Armed Forces
to defend liberty and advance democracy throughout the world. And
Hispanic culture continues to deeply enrich our social, intellectual,
and artistic life.
To meet the challenges of the 21st century, we must create a society
that offers opportunity to all Americans, requires responsibility from
all Americans, and nurtures a community of all Americans. Hispanic
Americans throughout our country are working to build such a society. To
honor them for their dedication to this endeavor and for their many
contributions to our Nation and our culture, the Congress, by Public Law
100-402, has authorized and requested the President to issue annually a
proclamation designating September 15 through October 15 as ``National
Hispanic Heritage Month.''
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, do hereby proclaim September 15 through October 15, 1997, as
National Hispanic Heritage Month. I call upon all government officials,
educators, and the people of the United States to honor this observance
with appropriate programs, ceremonies, and activities, and I encourage
all Americans to rededicate themselves to the pursuit of equality.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twelfth day of
September, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven,
and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred
and twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7021 of September 15, 1997
50th Anniversary of the National Security Act of 1947
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
The United States emerged from the crucible of World War II to face a
political and military landscape changed forever by the events of that
conflict. The Soviet Union, a vital ally during the war, was fast
becoming an actively hostile and dangerous opponent. And, as the most
economically and militarily powerful nation on earth, the United States
bore the awesome re-
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sponsibility of preventing the onset of another and
even more destructive world war.
Recognizing these harsh new realities, and wise in the hard lessons of
recent history, President Truman and America's other civilian and
military leaders determined to create the structures and programs that
would guarantee our national security and promote lasting world peace.
The result of their efforts was the National Security Act of 1947. This
single historic piece of legislation created four extraordinary
institutions that continue to serve America superbly a half-century
later: the Department of Defense, the United States Air Force, the
Central Intelligence Agency, and the National Security Council.
The complex task of coordinating the operations of ground, sea, and air
forces during World War II demonstrated the need for unified direction
of America's Armed Forces in the postwar world. The National Security
Act answered that need by establishing the Department of Defense. Under
the civilian control of the Secretary of Defense, and fortified by the
collective experience, knowledge, and strategic guidance of the Joint
Chiefs of Staff, the three military departments within the Department of
Defense--the Army, Navy, and Air Force--began to work together as a
powerful team to integrate the operation and administration of all our
Nation's Armed Forces.
Today, the Department of Defense has realized in large measure the
objectives stated in the National Security Act. The Armed Forces and the
unified commands have achieved a remarkable degree of integration in
organization and operations and remain the best-trained, best-equipped,
and best-prepared fighting force in the world. Our men and women in
uniform stand ready to preserve America's freedom and protect our
national interests whenever and wherever they are threatened.
The Second World War also proved the critical importance of air power to
the defense of our Nation. With the creation of the United States Air
Force as an independent armed service within the Department of Defense,
the National Security Act helped to ensure America's mastery of the
skies. In the subsequent 50 years, the courage and dedication of the men
and women of the United States Air Force have been a constant source of
pride and reassurance to the American people.
With equal devotion, the men and women of the Central Intelligence
Agency have enabled America to meet the challenges of global leadership
for the past half-century. Providing ten Presidents and their
administrations with the strategic intelligence to make informed
decisions vital to the security of our Nation, these dedicated public
servants helped America to fight and win the Cold War. Today, in a world
no longer burdened by superpower confrontation, they remain vigilant in
the face of more diffuse and complex dangers: from aggression by rogue
states and terrorism to the spread of weapons of mass destruction and
international drug trafficking.
In creating the National Security Council, the National Security Act of
1947 provided the President with an invaluable forum for the
consideration and coordination of domestic, foreign, and military
policies related to America's security. Supporting the President, his
Cabinet, and his other close advisors with sound judgment, analysis, and
advice, the men and women of the National Security Council can reflect
with pride on five decades of unparalleled service to our Nation.
Through the East-West confrontations of
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the Cold War to the threshold of
the 21st century, the National Security Council has played a vital role
in protecting our Nation's security and in preparing us for the
challenges of the future.
As we observe the 50th anniversary of the National Security Act of 1947,
we pay tribute to the vision and determination of a generation of
American civilian and military leaders. Working together, they
established the remarkable institutions we celebrate this week;
institutions that have helped to secure the peace and prosperity that
America enjoys today. The success of their efforts and of the historic
legislation enacted half a century ago is reflected in an outstanding
record of achievement: nuclear war averted, the Cold War won, and the
nations of the world turning to democracy and free markets.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, do hereby proclaim September 14 through September 20, 1997, as
a time to commemorate the 50th Anniversary of the National Security Act
of 1947. I call upon all Americans to observe this anniversary with
appropriate programs and activities celebrating the accomplishments of
this legislation and honoring the service and sacrifice of the thousands
of dedicated Americans who have strived to carry out its mandate for the
past five decades.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this fifteenth day of
September, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven,
and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred
and twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7022 of September 16, 1997
Citizenship Day and Constitution Week, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Of all the dates in American history, one of the most important is
perhaps the least well-known--September 17, 1787. On that day, our
Nation's Founders signed the Constitution of the United States, a
document that has steadily grown in stature throughout the world as a
model for democratic government under the rule of law.
As with most human enterprises, the Constitution was the product of
compromise. The delegates to the Constitutional Convention brought with
them to Philadelphia conflicting local and regional concerns, differing
viewpoints, fears of creating a government that was either too powerful
or too weak. When the convention seemed close to dissolving with nothing
accomplished, Benjamin Franklin reminded his fellow delegates that
history would judge them harshly if they failed in this great experiment
of self-government: ``. . . [M]ankind may hereafter, from this
unfortunate instance, despair of establishing governments by human
wisdom, and leave it to chance, war and conquest.''
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But human wisdom did prevail. The delegates devised a framework for
democracy with an ingenious design of checks and balances, broad
protection of individual rights, and a mechanism for amendment to ensure
that it would be able to respond to the ever-changing needs of our
people. This remarkable document has rightly earned the world's
admiration for its success in combining structural solidity with
practical adaptability--a combination that has served our Nation through
times of rapid change as well as times of stability.
We can measure that success by the thousands of men, women, and children
who travel to our shores each year, seeking a chance to live out their
dreams. Many of them know what life can be like without the blessings of
our Constitution, and their experience is a powerful reminder to us of
the importance of protecting the Constitution if we are to preserve
freedom for ourselves and for the generations of Americans to follow. We
can also learn much from their deep desire for American citizenship and
their enthusiasm to embrace not only its privileges, but also its
responsibilities--knowledge of and respect for our laws, a willingness
to exercise their vote, and reverence for the fundamental American
values of freedom, tolerance, and equality.
But today American citizenship requires more. At the Presidents' Summit
for America's Future in Philadelphia this past April, I joined with Vice
President Gore; former Presidents Ford, Carter, and Bush; General Colin
Powell; and other national and community leaders in calling for a
redefinition of American citizenship--a definition that includes a
profound commitment to community service. Each of us must look into our
own neighborhoods and communities and reach out to help our fellow
Americans succeed. We can only fulfill America's bright promise of
freedom and opportunity by ensuring that every citizen shares in that
promise.
In commemorating the signing of the Constitution and in recognition of
the importance of active, responsible citizenship to preserve its
blessings for our Nation, the Congress, by joint resolution of February
29, 1952 (36 U.S.C. 153), designated September 17 as ``Citizenship
Day,'' and by joint resolution of August 2, 1956 (36 U.S.C. 159),
requested the President to proclaim the week beginning September 17 and
ending September 23 of each year as ``Constitution Week.''
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, do hereby proclaim September 17, 1997, as Citizenship Day and
September 17 through September 23, 1997, as Constitution Week. I call
upon Federal, State, and local officials, as well as leaders of civic,
educational, and religious organizations, to conduct meaningful
ceremonies and programs in our schools, churches, and other community
centers to foster a greater understanding and appreciation of the
Constitution and the rights and duties of citizenship.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this sixteenth day of
September, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven,
and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred
and twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
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Proclamation 7023 of September 16, 1997
National POW/MIA Recognition Day, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Throughout our Nation's history, the men and women of America's Armed
Forces have preserved our freedom, protected our security, and upheld
our democratic values. From the battles of the American Revolution
through the crucible of two world wars to the challenging peacekeeping
and humanitarian missions of today's post-Cold War era, our men and
women in uniform have stood proudly in defense of the United States and
in the cause of liberty. In the two centuries since our Nation's birth,
more than a million have paid the price of that liberty with their
lives.
Joining the ranks of these heroes are the thousands who have been held
as prisoners of war or whose fate has never been resolved. Many have
been lost in the chaos of battle, the grief of their loss made more
acute for their families and their fellow Americans because of the
inability to determine whether they perished or survived. Captive
Americans, cruelly stripped of their freedom, treated with contempt and
brutality, or used as pawns by their captors in a larger political
struggle, have fought long, lonely battles against despair, physical and
psychological torture, and the ultimate fear of being forgotten.
But Americans will never forget those who have borne the indignities and
sufferings of captivity in service to our country, those missing in
action, or those who died as prisoners of war, far from home and family.
On National POW/MIA Recognition Day, we reaffirm our commitment to those
still missing and renew our pledge to make every effort to obtain the
answers to their fate. We can do no less for these American heroes and
for their families, who have endured such profound loss and whose
suffering continues as long as their loved ones' fate remains unknown.
On September 19, 1997, the flag of the National League of Families of
American Prisoners of War and Missing in Southeast Asia will be flown
over the White House, the U.S. Capitol, the Departments of State,
Defense, and Veterans Affairs, the Selective Service System
Headquarters, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, the Korean War Veterans
Memorial, and national cemeteries across our country. This black and
white banner, symbolizing America's missing, is a stark and powerful
reminder to people around the world that our Nation will keep faith with
those who have served and sacrificed; that we will not rest until we
receive the fullest possible accounting of every American missing in
service to our country.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, by virtue of the authority vested
in me by the Constitution and laws of the United States, do hereby
proclaim September 19, 1997, as National POW/MIA Recognition Day. I ask
all Americans to join me in honoring former American prisoners of war
and those whose fate is still undetermined. I also encourage the
American people to remember with special sympathy and concern the
courageous families who maintain their steadfast vigil and who persevere
in their search for answers and for the peace that comes only with
certainty. Finally, I call upon State and local officials and private
organizations to observe this day with appropriate ceremonies and
activities.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this sixteenth day of
September, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven,
and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred
and twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7024 of September 19, 1997
Minority Enterprise Development Week, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
The American economy today is the envy of the world. Since the beginning
of my Administration, our economy has created nearly 13 million new
jobs, unemployment has declined to 4.9 percent, and America has once
again become the world's leading exporter.
Minority entrepreneurs have played a vital role in this success story.
With their faith in our free enterprise system, their determination to
overcome any barriers to success, their willingness to work long and
hard and to make the most of every opportunity, they epitomize the
American can-do spirit. They create jobs in communities where jobs are
most needed, and they set a powerful example of achievement for young
people seeking to make the most of their lives.
In the years ahead, these minority business men and business women will
become increasingly important to our Nation's competitive edge in the
global economy, which will offer great rewards to those who truly
understand life beyond our borders. Because of their racial, linguistic,
and cultural diversity, minority entrepreneurs are uniquely positioned
to meet the needs of this dynamic international marketplace.
Recognizing the contributions that minority enterprises make to the
social and economic fabric of our Nation, we must continue to remove any
barriers that prevent talented men and women of every racial and ethnic
background from participating fully in America's economic mainstream.
Working in partnership, government and private industry must ensure that
minority-owned firms have equal access to capital, technical assistance,
new markets, and opportunities for growth. We must attract new
entrepreneurs to the marketplace and encourage existing firms to expand.
By doing so, we can ensure that America's promise will continue to shine
brightly for all our people.
As we observe Minority Enterprise Development Week, let us honor the
energy, determination, and optimism of our Nation's minority
entrepreneurs, whose hard work has done so much to help keep America
strong, prosperous, and full of hope for the future.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim September 21 through
September 27, 1997, as Minority Enterprise Development Week. I call on
all Americans to commemorate this event with appropriate cere-
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monies and
activities in acknowledgment of the many contributions that minority
entrepreneurs bring to our national life.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this nineteenth day of
September, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven,
and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred
and twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7025 of September 19, 1997
National Historically Black Colleges and Universities Week, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
We are a few short years away from the dawn of the 21st century, yet
much of the challenge and change we have been anticipating is already
upon us. We are competing today in a truly global economy, an economy
based on information and technology as well as agriculture and industry.
We are living in the age of the information revolution, the era of the
World Wide Web, of daily advances in communications technology where a
universe of knowledge is only a keyboard and a modem away. We are
crossing the frontier into a new world, and our only map and compass in
that world will be education.
We must build an educational system that prepares our young people for
the jobs of the future. We must empower them with the values,
experiences, and self-confidence to succeed in our diverse society. We
must provide them with the knowledge and motivation to reach their full
human potential--and we must leave no one behind. In devising such an
educational system, we need only look to America's Historically Black
Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) for a model of excellence.
This extraordinary network of institutions, more than a century old, has
created a legacy of unquestioned accomplishment in fostering student
success. Founded to educate African Americans in a segregated society,
these colleges and universities have flourished and built an enviable
record of achievement in educating America's black scientists, doctors,
teachers, lawyers, artists, entrepreneurs, community and religious
leaders, and other professionals. They have provided generations of
students with access to highly supportive environments for learning. The
experience and expertise of HBCUs make them an invaluable resource to
our Nation during this period of significant change.
America's Historically Black Colleges and Universities daily demonstrate
effective leadership in a multitude of ways: they develop and practice
innovative academic approaches to ensure student success; they create
campus programs that offer new solutions to critical social problems;
they produce cutting-edge research with practical applications; and they
forge strong global relationships from a myriad of international
activities. Moreover, against formidable financial odds, they have
persisted in keeping education
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affordable for the constituencies they
serve, without sacrificing quality. They have never allowed scarce
funding, poor educational preparation, or societal disadvantage to get
in the way of their mission to educate and nurture the intellectual
potential of the black community.
Historically Black Colleges and Universities have done more to make the
American Dream a reality for African Americans than has any other set of
institutions in our country. These institutions are poised to enter the
21st century, ready to build on this tradition of excellence,
achievement, and reverence for education. We can count on them to
continue to make vital contributions to our Nation's success and to
ensure that America lives up to our fundamental values of equality and
opportunity.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim September 21 through
September 27, 1997, as National Historically Black Colleges and
Universities Week. I call upon the people of the United States,
including government officials, educators, and administrators, to
observe this week with appropriate programs, ceremonies, and activities
honoring America's Historically Black Colleges and Universities and
their graduates.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this nineteenth day of
September, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven,
and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred
and twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7026 of September 19, 1997
National Farm Safety and Health Week, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
From the earliest days of our Nation, the men and women who work the
land have held a special place in America's heart, history, and economy.
Many of us are no more than a few generations removed from forebears
whose determination and hard work on farms and fields helped to build
our Nation and shape its values. While the portion of our population
directly involved in agriculture has diminished over the years, those
who live and work on America's farms and ranches continue to make
extraordinary contributions to the quality of our national life and the
strength of our economy.
The life of a farmer or rancher has never been easy. The work is hard,
physically challenging, and uniquely subject to the forces of nature;
the chemicals and labor-saving machinery that have helped American
farmers become so enormously productive have also brought with them new
health hazards; and working with livestock can result in frequent injury
to agricultural workers and their families.
Fortunately, there are measures we can take to reduce agriculture-
related injuries, illnesses, and deaths. Manufacturers continue to
improve the safe-
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ty features of farming equipment; protective clothing
and safety gear can reduce the exposure of workers to the health threats
posed by chemicals, noise, dust, and sun; training in first-aid
procedures and access to good health care can often mean the difference
between life and death.
The key to all these safety measures is education. During National Farm
Safety and Health Week, I encourage America's farmers, ranchers, and
other agricultural workers to remain alert to the dangers inherent in
their livelihood. By learning about and using the latest safety features
of farming equipment and vehicles, wearing personal protective gear and
clothing, and practicing good preventive health care, they can avoid or
reduce many of the hazards they face each day. It is particularly
important to teach our young people on farms and ranches about proper
safety measures, to provide safe areas where children can play, and to
monitor their activities. Their experience and maturity must always be
considered before they are allowed to participate in farm or ranch work.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim September 21 through
September 27, 1997, as National Farm Safety and Health Week. I call upon
government agencies, educational institutions, businesses, and
professional associations that serve our agricultural sector to
strengthen efforts to promote safety and health measures among our
Nation's farm and ranch workers. I ask agricultural workers to take
advantage of available technology, training, and information that can
help them prevent injury and illness. I also call upon all Americans to
observe Wednesday, September 24, 1997, as a day to focus on the risks
facing young people on our Nation's farms and ranches and to reflect
during this week on the bounty that we enjoy thanks to the hard work and
dedication of America's agricultural workers.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this nineteenth day of
September, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven,
and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred
and twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7027 of September 25, 1997
Austrian-American Day, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
For more than 200 years, the life of our Nation has been enriched and
renewed by the many people who have come here from around the world,
seeking a new life for themselves and their families. Austrian Americans
have made their own unique and lasting contributions to America's
strength and character, and they continue to play a vital role in the
peace and prosperity we enjoy today.
As with so many other immigrants, the earliest Austrians came to America
in search of religious freedom. Arriving in 1734, they settled in the
colony
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of Georgia, growing and prospering with the passing of the years.
One of these early Austrian settlers, Johann Adam Treutlen, was to
become the first elected governor of the new State of Georgia.
In the two centuries that followed, millions of other Austrians made the
same journey to our shores. From the political refugees of the 1848
revolutions in Austria to Jews fleeing the anti-Semitism of Hitler's
Third Reich, Austrians brought with them to America a love of freedom, a
strong work ethic, and a deep reverence for education. In every field of
endeavor, Austrian Americans have made notable contributions to our
culture and society. We have all been enriched by the lives and
achievements of such individuals as Supreme Court Justice Felix
Frankfurter; Joel Elias Spingarn, who helped to found the NAACP;
psychiatrist and educator Alexandra Adler; lyricist Frederick Loewe, who
helped to transform American musical theater; and architects John
Smithmeyer and Richard Neutra.
Americans of Austrian descent have also helped to nurture the strong
ties of friendship between the United States and Austria, a friendship
that has survived the upheaval of two World Wars and the subsequent
division of Europe between the forces of East and West. On September 26,
1945, a conference was convened in Vienna among the nine Austrian
Federal States that helped to unify the nation and paved the way for
recognition by the United States and the Allied Forces of the first
postwar Provisional Austrian Government. Setting the date for the first
free national elections, this important meeting laid the foundation for
the strong, prosperous, and independent Austria we know today.
In recognition of the significance of this date to the relationship
between our Nation and the Federal Republic of Austria, and in gratitude
for the many gifts that Austrian Americans bring to the life of our
country, it is appropriate that we pause to celebrate Austrian-American
Day.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, by virtue of the authority vested
in me by the Constitution and laws of the United States, do hereby
proclaim Friday, September 26, 1997, as Austrian-American Day. I
encourage all Americans to recognize and celebrate the important
contributions that millions of Americans of Austrian descent have made--
and continue to make--to our Nation's strength and prosperity.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-fifth day of
September, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven,
and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred
and twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7028 of September 25, 1997
Gold Star Mother's Day, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
As a free people, Americans have always sought to live our lives in
peace; but history's harsh lessons have taught us that to remain free,
we must be
[[Page 147]]
prepared for war. At many times and in many ways throughout
the year, we remember the millions of selfless Americans whose wartime
service helped preserve our freedom and the values we hold dear; and it
is fitting that we should do so. But we must also remember that not all
of the sacrifices that sustained us were made on the battlefield.
Long after the devastation of war ceases, the destruction left in its
wake continues to afflict those who survive. For America's Gold Star
Mothers--who have lost a child in the service of our country--the grief
is particularly acute. The sons and daughters they cherished through the
years, whom they guided and comforted through all the joys and
heartaches of childhood and adolescence, were torn from their lives
forever with cruel and sudden force. These mothers must live the rest of
their lives knowing that the talents and ambitions of their children
will never be fulfilled, that each family gathering or celebration will
be shadowed by the absence of a dearly loved son or daughter.
Yet despite the enormity of their loss, America's Gold Star Mothers have
continued to do what comes naturally to mothers: to comfort, to nurture,
to give of themselves for the benefit of others. Through their devotion
to our disabled veterans and their families, their generous community
service, and their dedication to preserving the memory of the fallen,
Gold Star Mothers remind us in so many poignant ways that true love of
country often calls for both service and sacrifice.
For these reasons and more, and in recognition of the special burden
that Gold Star Mothers bear on behalf of all of us, we set aside this
day each year to honor and thank them and to rededicate ourselves to
creating a world in which the kind of sacrifice they have been called
upon to make need never be repeated. The Congress, by Senate Joint
Resolution 115 of June 23, 1936 (49 Stat. 1895), has designated the last
Sunday in September as ``Gold Star Mother's Day'' and has authorized and
requested the President to issue a proclamation in observance of this
day.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, do hereby proclaim Sunday, September 28, 1997, as Gold Star
Mother's Day. I call upon all government officials to display the United
States flag on government buildings on this solemn day. I encourage the
American people also to display the flag and to hold appropriate
meetings in their homes, places of worship, or other suitable places as
a public expression of the sympathy and respect that our Nation holds
for our Gold Star Mothers.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-fifth day of
September, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven,
and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred
and twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
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Proclamation 7029 of October 1, 1997
National Breast Cancer Awareness Month, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Every year we dedicate the month of October to focus on breast cancer
and to reaffirm our national commitment to eradicate it. But for
thousands of American women and their families and friends, breast
cancer is a devastating reality that casts a shadow over their lives
every day. In this decade alone, nearly half a million women will die of
breast cancer, and more than 1.5 million new cases of the disease will
be diagnosed.
Our greatest weapon in the crusade against breast cancer is knowledge;
knowledge of its causes and knowledge about prevention and treatment. My
Administration has established a National Action Plan on Breast Cancer
to unite organizations across the country in a collaborative effort to
find out more about the disease and how best to respond to it.
The Department of Health and Human Services is taking the lead in this
national effort, through education and research at the National Cancer
Institute and the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research; through
nationwide screening and detection programs at the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention; through certification of mammography facilities
by the Food and Drug Administration; through prevention services and
treatment by health benefit programs such as Medicare and Medicaid; and
through increased access to clinical treatment trials for cancer
patients who are beneficiaries in Department of Defense and Department
of Veterans Affairs programs. The Department of Defense has also
initiated a breast cancer research program to reduce the incidence of
breast cancer, increase survival rates, and improve the quality of life
for women diagnosed with the disease.
We can be proud of the progress we have made. One of the most promising
recent research achievements is our increased understanding of the role
of genetics in the cancer process. We have learned that cancer is a
disease of altered genes and altered gene function, and research into
the relationship between breast cancer and genes is helping us to better
understand the basis of the disease. However, we must ensure that
progress in genetic information is used only to advance and to improve
the Nation's health--not as a basis for discrimination. That is why this
year I have urged the Congress to pass a law that prevents health
insurance plans from discriminating against individuals on the basis of
genetic information.
High-quality mammography has also proved to be a powerfully effective
tool in the effort to detect breast cancer in its earliest, most
treatable stage. The National Cancer Institute, the American Cancer
Society, and many other professional organizations agree that women in
their forties benefit from mammography screening, and earlier this year
I was pleased to sign legislation that will help Medicare beneficiaries
with cost-sharing for annual screening mammograms. The First Lady has
also launched an annual campaign to encourage older women to use the
Medicare mammography screening benefits.
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We have real cause for celebration during National Breast Cancer
Awareness Month this year: recent data show that the breast cancer rate
for American women is declining. Heartened by this knowledge, let us
reaffirm our commitment to the crusade against breast cancer. Let us
ensure that all women know about the dangers of breast cancer, are
informed about the lifesaving potential of early detection, receive
recommended screening services, and have access to health care services
and information. Let us continue to move research forward to improve
treatments and find a cure for this disease. Working together, we can
look forward to the day when our mothers, wives, daughters, sisters, and
friends can live long, healthy lives, free from the specter of breast
cancer.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim October 1997 as National
Breast Cancer Awareness Month. I call upon government officials,
businesses, communities, health care professionals, educators,
volunteers, and all the people of the United States to reflect on the
progress we have made in advancing our knowledge about breast cancer and
to publicly reaffirm our national commitment to controlling and curing
this disease.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this first day of
October, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7030 of October 1, 1997
National Domestic Violence Awareness Month, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
In observing the month of October as National Domestic Violence
Awareness Month, the American people reaffirm our commitment to prevent
and eliminate violence against women. Domestic violence is not simply a
private family matter--it is a matter affecting the entire community.
Too many of America's homes have become places where women, children,
and seniors suffer physical abuse and emotional trauma. Domestic
violence is a leading cause of injury to women in our country, and it
occurs among all racial, ethnic, religious, and economic groups. It is a
particularly devastating form of abuse because it wears a familiar face:
the face of a spouse, parent, or partner. This violence too often
extends beyond the home and into the workplace.
My Administration is committed to ending this violence and to protecting
women in all aspects of their lives, whether in the home, in the
community, or in the workplace. In 1994, I fought for passage of the
Violence Against Women Act, which combined tough new penalties for
offenders with funding for much-needed shelters, counseling services,
public education, and research to help the victims of violence. The
Federal penalties
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and prevention efforts included in this legislation
have improved our ability to deter crimes of domestic violence.
Early in my Administration, as outlined in the landmark Crime Bill, I
established the Office of Violence Against Women in the Department of
Justice to lead our comprehensive national effort to combine tough
Federal laws with assistance to States and localities to fight domestic
violence and other crimes against women. In February 1996, the
Department of Health and Human Services launched the 24-hour-a-day,
toll-free National Domestic Violence Hotline, 1-800-797-SAFE, so that
those in trouble can find out how to get emergency help, find shelter,
or report abuse. To date, the hotline has received more than 118,000
calls from all 50 States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the
U.S. Virgin Islands. We also initiated an Advisory Council on Violence
Against Women to bring together experts in the field, including
representatives from law enforcement, business, health and human
services, and advocates, to focus national attention on successful,
multifaceted solutions to combating violence and sexual assault.
We cannot simply rest on past efforts. My Administration is continuing
its work to prevent domestic violence and to care for survivors in their
communities and workplaces. We are committed to strengthening the health
care system's ability to screen, treat, prevent, and eliminate family
violence by supporting training of health care providers and projects to
assist those in the substance abuse field to address domestic violence.
We are working to improve collaboration between human services
providers, advocates, and the criminal justice community to enhance
responses to domestic violence. The Department of Health and Human
Services is sponsoring projects and programs to coordinate community
responses to domestic violence, to focus on youth and children who
witness violence, and to link child protection services with community
providers who work with abused women and their children.
Finally, as a further enhancement of my 1995 directive to all Federal
departments and agencies to conduct employee awareness campaigns on
domestic violence, the Office of Personnel Management is producing a
guide to help agency representatives develop programs to prevent and
respond to all types of workplace violence against Federal employees,
including domestic violence. This guide, drafted by experts in the areas
of mental health, investigations, law enforcement, threat assessment,
and employee relations, will serve as a useful tool in providing step-
by-step information to identify, prevent, and respond to violence so
that we can protect those in the Federal work force.
I encourage the private sector to expand its role in preventing and
eliminating domestic violence. We must also strengthen coordinated
efforts between the public and private sectors to combat domestic
violence in the home, the community, and the workplace. These efforts
must ensure that no survivor of domestic violence lives in isolation and
that the families of victims also have our support. No child should have
to live in an abusive home. No woman should live in fear in her home, on
the streets, or on the job. Only through a national commitment to this
effort can we stop domestic violence and ensure that its survivors are
safe.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim October 1997 as Na-
[[Page 151]]
tional Domestic Violence Awareness Month. I call upon government officials, law
enforcement agencies, health professionals, educators, community
leaders, and the American people to join together to end the domestic
violence that threatens so many of our people.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this first day of
October, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7031 of October 2, 1997
National Disability Employment Awareness Month, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
America has always been blessed with abundant natural resources; but we
sometimes fail to recognize that we have been blessed with rich human
resources as well. Millions of people in thousands of professions have
built this great country with their labor and made a reality of the
American Dream for themselves and their families. But for 20 percent of
our population, that dream has too often been deferred or denied.
Americans with disabilities have had to overcome barriers in
communication, transportation, architecture, and attitude to take their
rightful place in our Nation's work force.
If America is to continue to grow and prosper, if we are to lead the
challenging global economy of the 21st century, we cannot afford to
ignore the talents, energy, and creativity of the 54 million Americans
with disabilities. Thanks to the Americans with Disabilities Act, we are
making significant progress in eliminating workplace discrimination and
ensuring equal job opportunities for people with disabilities. This
landmark civil rights legislation, enacted 7 years ago with bipartisan
support, has opened doors and brought down barriers across our country
for people with disabilities. It has empowered them with the opportunity
to become employees, taxpayers, and active participants in the life of
their communities.
To build on this progress, government at every level must work in
partnership with business, labor, and community organizations to ensure
that all Americans, regardless of disability, can live and learn and
work alongside their fellow citizens. Only when we guarantee the
inclusion, empowerment, and independence of all our people will America
fulfill its great promise of freedom and opportunity.
To recognize the full potential of individuals with disabilities and to
encourage all Americans to work toward their full integration into the
work force, the Congress, by joint resolution approved August 11, 1945,
as amended (36 U.S.C. 155), has designated October of each year as
``National Disability Employment Awareness Month.''
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, do hereby proclaim October 1997 as National Disability
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Employment Awareness Month. I call upon government officials, educators,
labor leaders, employers, and the people of the United States to observe
this month with appropriate programs and activities that reaffirm our
determination to achieve the full integration into the work force of
people with disabilities.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this second day of
October, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7032 of October 3, 1997
Fire Prevention Week, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Of all the disasters that confront Americans every year, few cause more
loss of life and property than fire. Across the country each day, fire
threatens our communities, our livelihoods, and our lives. Last year
alone, almost 5,000 men, women, and children perished in fires, and
nearly 80 percent of these deaths occurred in homes. This tragic
statistic is a call to action for all of us, not only to remain vigilant
in our efforts to prevent fires, but also to learn how to react quickly
and sensibly when fires occur.
Many people do not understand the speed at which fire can spread, the
intensity of its heat, or the toxic power of its smoke. Because a quick,
decisive response often means the difference between life and death, it
is important to learn about fire, to recognize how deadly a threat it
is, and to react to it immediately. The National Fire Protection
Association, in partnership with the Federal Emergency Management Agency
and our Nation's fire services, has selected ``Know When to Go! React
Fast To Fire!'' as the theme of this year's Fire Prevention Week. This
theme reinforces a simple but essential element of fire safety: escape
planning.
Because approximately 80 percent of last year's fatal fires occurred in
the home, every family should develop a home escape plan. If a smoke or
fire alarm sounds, everyone must react quickly. When away from home, we
need to make it a habit to locate the nearest exit in any building we
occupy. Most important, we must never reenter a burning building.
By following these basic safety rules, we can save lives and reduce the
risks to our Nation's firefighters. Every 16 seconds, a fire department
responds to a fire somewhere in the United States. Last year, thousands
of firefighters were injured, and 92 made the ultimate sacrifice in the
line of duty. Our Nation will acknowledge the extraordinary dedication
of these valiant men and women by paying tribute to America's career and
volunteer firefighters on Sunday, October 5, 1997, at the National
Fallen Firefighters Memorial Service in Emmitsburg, Maryland.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitu-
[[Page 153]]
tion and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim October 5 through October
11, 1997, as Fire Prevention Week. I encourage the people of the United
States to take an active role in fire prevention not only during this
week, but throughout the year. I also call upon all Americans to honor
the courageous members of our Nation's fire and emergency services by
learning about the dangers posed by fire and by preparing their friends
and family members to react immediately and safely to fires when they
occur.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this third day of
October, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7033 of October 6, 1997
Child Health Day, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
For children, childhood seems to last forever; but for adults--
particularly for those of us who are parents--it passes in the blink of
an eye. The little girl smiling at us from her tricycle and the little
boy running to catch the school bus will soon be driving away to their
first jobs. One of the greatest gifts we can offer our children while
they are still in our care is a healthy start in life.
We are making tremendous progress as a nation in helping more children
get that healthy start. This year I signed into law historic legislation
to extend health care coverage to millions of uninsured children. This
$24 billion initiative over 5 years is the largest investment in
children's health since the creation of Medicaid in 1965. On October 1,
the Federal Government and the States began a partnership to help
provide meaningful health insurance to children whose families earn too
much for Medicaid but too little to afford private coverage.
This new initiative will take an enormous step toward improving the
health of our Nation's children. In 1995, approximately 10 million of
them were not covered by health insurance, and they were either
ineligible for or not enrolled in publicly financed medical assistance
programs. Last year, another 800,000 uninsured children joined their
ranks. These children are less likely to receive the primary care
services they need to maintain good health, and they are at risk of
receiving lower quality care. Too often they become trapped in a tragic
downward spiral--poor health keeps them out of school, keeps them from
pursuing their studies with energy and enthusiasm, and often keeps them
from acquiring the knowledge and self-esteem they need to reach their
full potential. With this new children's health initiative, we can
provide millions of children the coverage they need to grow up healthy
and strong.
We are making progress in other areas, as well. Thanks to advances in
medical research and our increasing knowledge about prevention and the
im-
[[Page 154]]
portance of good nutrition, many childhood diseases and illnesses can
now be averted. Funding for childhood immunization has doubled since
1993, and immunization rates are at an all-time high. In addition, we
recently announced an important Food and Drug Administration regulation
requiring manufacturers to do studies on pediatric populations for new
prescription drugs--and those currently on the market--to ensure that
our prescription drugs have been adequately tested for the unique needs
of children. We have dramatically increased participation in the Women,
Infants and Children Supplemental Nutrition Program, providing nutrition
packages and information and health referrals to more than 7 million
infants, children, and pregnant women. With the enactment of the
Kassebaum-Kennedy bill last year, we have helped millions of children
keep their healthcare coverage when their parents change or lose jobs.
We are also taking strong actions to prevent our children from smoking.
Each day 3,000 children become regular smokers and 1,000 of them will
die from a tobacco-related illness. Last year, my Administration issued
guide-lines to eliminate easy access to tobacco products and to prohibit
companies from directing advertising towards children.
To acknowledge our profound responsibility to nurture the health and
development of America's children, the Congress, by joint resolution
approved May 18, 1928, as amended (36 U.S.C. 143), has called for the
designation of the first Monday in October as ``Child Health Day'' and
has requested the President to issue a proclamation in observance of
this day.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, do hereby proclaim Monday, October 6, 1997, as Child Health
Day. I call upon my fellow Americans to join me on that day, and every
day throughout the year, in strengthening our national commitment to the
well-being of our children.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this sixth day of
October, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7034 of October 6, 1997
German-American Day, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
America has always drawn its strength from the millions of people who
have come here in search of freedom and the opportunity to live out
their dreams. Men and women of different nationalities, different races,
and different religions have made their own rich and unique
contributions to our national life.
From their arrival at Jamestown in 1607 until the present day, Germans
have been among the largest ethnic groups to make their home in our
country. Like so many others, the earliest German settlements in America
were
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founded by men and women in search of religious liberty. William
Penn invited a group of German Mennonites to Pennsylvania, which was to
remain a center of German settlement during the Colonial period. Other
German communities were founded in New Jersey and New York, as well as
in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley, the Carolinas, and Georgia. In the 19th
century, German pioneers began to settle in the Midwest and West, and
today a quarter of our Nation's population can trace its ancestry to
German origins.
Germans and German Americans have profoundly influenced every facet of
American life. Great soldiers, such as General Baron von Steuben in our
Revolutionary War and General Norman Schwarzkopf in the Gulf War, have
fought to preserve our freedom and defend America's interests.
Scientists such as Albert Einstein and Wernher von Braun have
immeasurably broadened our horizons, as have artists like Albert
Bierstadt, Josef Albers, Ernestine Schumann-Heink, Lillian Blauvelt, and
Paul Hindemith. And generations of German Americans, with their energy,
creativity, and strong work ethic, have enriched the economic and
commercial life of the United States. All Americans have benefited
greatly from the labor, leadership, talents, and vision of Germans and
German Americans, and it is fitting that we set aside this special day
to acknowledge their many contributions to our liberty, culture, and
democracy.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim Monday, October 6, 1997,
as German-American Day. I encourage all Americans to recognize and
celebrate the many gifts that millions of people of German ancestry have
brought to our national life.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this sixth day of
October, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7035 of October 9, 1997
Leif Erikson Day, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Americans have always been a people marked by a spirit of discovery.
Generations of American explorers and pioneers have pushed against the
boundaries of the known world, eager to see what lies beyond the next
horizon. We come by that spirit naturally, for millions of us are
descended from men and women of courage, vision, and independence who
left their native lands to seek new possibilities in a new world.
One of the earliest of these was Leif Erikson. Almost a thousand years
ago, braving the cold and unforgiving North Atlantic, he set out on a
voyage that would ultimately bring him to this continent and a lasting
place in his-
[[Page 156]]
tory. But Leif Erikson is more than a symbol of the pioneer
spirit. He is also a powerful reminder of the long and proud history of
the sons and daughters of Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and Finland
who endured the hardships of the American frontier to build a new life
for themselves and their families. These immigrants from the Nordic
countries, and their descendants, have contributed immeasurably to
America's strength, character, prosperity, and independent spirit.
Today, the people of Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and Finland are
our partners in building a new Europe. Committed to democracy and self-
determination, they have always reached out to those struggling for
freedom and equality. We are proud to join them in fostering the
integration of the Baltic countries of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania
into the Western family of nations. We also look forward to joining our
Nordic friends in celebrating in the year 2000 the millennial
anniversary of Leif Erikson's momentous voyage to our shores. It is
fitting that we should pay special tribute to Leif Erikson--son of
Iceland, grandson of Norway--as we begin our own uncharted journey of
discovery into the new millennium that stretches before us.
In honor of Leif Erikson and of our Nordic-American heritage, the
Congress, by joint resolution approved on September 2, 1964 (Public Law
88-566), has authorized and requested the President to proclaim October
9 of each year as ``Leif Erikson Day.''
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, do hereby proclaim October 9, 1997, as Leif Erikson Day. I
encourage the people of the United States to observe this occasion with
appropriate ceremonies and activities commemorating our rich Nordic-
American heritage.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this ninth day of
October, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7036 of October 9, 1997
General Pulaski Memorial Day, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
In times of peace and at moments of great crisis, America has been
blessed with the steadfast support of friends from other nations. Few
have proved their friendship with more courage and generosity than
Casimir Pulaski, who paid for America's independence with his own life.
As a son of Poland, Pulaski knew well the desire for freedom and self-
determination. He fought bravely beside his father and brothers in his
native land, defending Poland from the aggression of neighboring empires
with such skill and valor that he was known throughout Europe for his
military exploits. Ultimately outnumbered by opposing forces, he escaped
to
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France, where he met Benjamin Franklin and offered his services in
behalf of the American Revolution.
Upon his arrival in America, Pulaski told General Washington that he had
come to defend liberty and ``to live or die for her.'' True to his word,
he fought valiantly as a brigadier general in our Continental Army and
made the ultimate sacrifice for our Nation's freedom during the siege of
Savannah.
More than two centuries later, Americans and Poles alike remember with
pride and gratitude the outstanding service General Pulaski gave to both
his native and adopted lands. Today the United States and Poland enjoy
freedom, prosperity, and the prospect for a bright future as allies in
NATO, thanks to the unwavering commitment of patriots and heroes like
Casimir Pulaski.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim Saturday, October 11,
1997, as General Pulaski Memorial Day. I encourage all Americans to
commemorate this occasion with appropriate programs and activities
paying tribute to Casimir Pulaski and his contributions to the cause of
American freedom.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this ninth day of
October, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7037 of October 10, 1997
White Cane Safety Day, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
As we stand at the dawn of the 21st century, new technologies are
rapidly changing and improving the lives of Americans. For one group of
Americans in particular--those who are blind or visually impaired--these
technologies have opened doors to unparalleled opportunities. Blind
Americans now can more readily access information of all kinds, and
these advances have brought important improvements to the education,
careers, and daily lives of blind and visually impaired people.
In this time of extraordinary progress, however, the simple yet
profoundly useful white cane remains an indispensable tool and symbol of
independence that has afforded countless blind and visually impaired
citizens the opportunity to pursue the American Dream. And so, as we all
share in a new era of expanded technological innovations that improve
the lives of all of our Nation's citizens, we also celebrate the white
cane for its ability to empower and recognize it as the embodiment of
freedom.
As a Nation, let us also reassert our commitment to ensuring equal
opportunity, equal access, and full participation of citizens with
disabilities in
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our community life. This year, we celebrated the
reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act,
reaffirming our belief that all students can learn and must have the
opportunities and resources necessary to do so. And we must continue to
enforce vigorously the Americans with Disabilities Act, so that our
blind and visually impaired fellow citizens enjoy equal opportunity,
access to public and private services and accommodations, and a
workplace free of discrimination.
To honor the numerous achievements of blind and visually impaired
citizens and to recognize the significance of the white cane in
advancing independence, the Congress, by joint resolution approved
October 6, 1964, has designated October 15 of each year as ``White Cane
Safety Day.''
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, do hereby proclaim October 15, 1997, as White Cane Safety Day.
I call upon the people of the United States, government officials,
educators, and business leaders to observe this day with appropriate
programs, ceremonies, and activities.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this tenth day of
October, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7038 of October 10, 1997
National School Lunch Week, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Each year during the month of October, we set aside a week to focus on
the importance of the National School Lunch Program and its
contributions to the health and well-being of America's schoolchildren.
Through this program, established more than 50 years ago by President
Truman, young people learn firsthand about healthful dietary habits and
how to make wise choices regarding the foods they eat. And for millions
of children, many of whom come from families in need, their school lunch
is the most nutritious meal they will eat during the day.
When President Kennedy proclaimed the first National School Lunch Week
in 1963, some 68,000 schools were serving lunches to 16 million children
each day. Today, the program is available in more than 94,000 schools
across the country, and 26 million students participate daily. This
dramatic growth proves that the program continues to meet a significant
need in local communities across the Nation, and its success admirably
reflects the hard work and commitment of school food-service
professionals, as well as the support and technical assistance provided
by State administrators.
The National School Lunch Program also reflects our profound concern for
the well-being of our young people. By providing them with wholesome,
nutritious meals day in and day out, we are helping to improve our
children's overall health, increase their learning capacity, lengthen
their atten-
[[Page 159]]
tion span, and promote healthful dietary habits that will
serve them well for a lifetime.
All of these accomplishments are made possible by the many dedicated
food-service professionals, administrators, educators, parents, business
and community leaders, and other concerned individuals at the local,
State, and Federal levels who work in partnership to ensure the
effectiveness of the National School Lunch Program. We must strive to
build on their achievements so that this vital program will continue to
meet the needs of America's children into the next century.
In recognition of the contributions of the National School Lunch Program
to the nutritional well-being of children, the Congress by joint
resolution of October 9, 1962 (Public Law No. 87-780), has designated
the week beginning the second Sunday in October of each year as
``National School Lunch Week'' and has requested the President to issue
a proclamation in observance of that week.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, do hereby proclaim October 12 through October 18, 1997, as
National School Lunch Week. I call upon all Americans to recognize those
individuals whose efforts contribute to the success of this program and
to observe this week with appropriate programs and activities.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this tenth day of
October, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7039 of October 10, 1997
Columbus Day, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
The life and achievements of Christopher Columbus demonstrate how
powerful and lasting an influence one individual can have on the course
of human history. Although great explorers reached the shores of this
continent both before and after Columbus, few have captured the American
imagination as he has. Perhaps because we have always been an
adventurous people, eager for challenge and change, we feel a special
affinity for this extraordinary man who left the safety of known waters
to pursue his vision across the ocean to the threshold of a new world.
Although his momentous voyages across the Atlantic took place more than
500 years ago, their impact can still be felt today. Columbus'
discoveries in the West Indies brought about substantive and continuing
contact between the peoples of the Old World and the New, contact that
gave rise to misunderstandings and conflicts that we still seek to
reconcile today. He also made possible the exploration and settlement of
North America and opened the door to our continent for generations to
follow--people of every race and culture and ethnic origin, who have
given our Nation its rich and
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unique diversity. Christopher Columbus, a
son of Italy whose bold enterprise was made possible by the Spanish
crown, holds a special place in the hearts of Americans of Italian and
Spanish heritage. But, as we prepare for our own voyage of discovery
into the next millennium, all Americans can draw inspiration from the
character and accomplishments of Columbus. With vision, courage,
imagination, and optimism, we can create a future bright with promise
and a new world where all of us can pursue our dreams.
In recognition of the enduring achievements of Christopher Columbus, the
Congress, by joint resolution of April 30, 1934 (48 Stat. 657), and an
Act of June 28, 1968 (82 Stat. 250), has requested the President to
proclaim the second Monday in October of each year as ``Columbus Day.''
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, do hereby proclaim October 13, 1997, as Columbus Day. I call
upon the people of the United States to observe this day with
appropriate ceremonies and activities. I also direct that the flag of
the United States be displayed on all public buildings on the appointed
day in honor of Christopher Columbus.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this tenth day of
October, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7040 of October 10, 1997
National Children's Day, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
With the birth of every child, the world becomes new again. Within each
new infant lies enormous potential--potential for loving, for learning,
and for making life better for others. But this potential must be
nurtured. Just as seeds need fertile soil, warm sunshine, and gentle
rain to grow, so do our children need a caring environment, the security
of knowing they are loved, and the encouragement and opportunity to make
the most of their God-given talents. There is no more urgent task before
us, as a people and as a Nation, than creating such an environment for
America's children.
One of the surest ways to do so is to strengthen American families and
help parents in their efforts to raise healthy, happy children. My
Administration has worked hard to give parents the tools they need to
fulfill their crucial responsibilities. We have sought to put tobacco
and guns out of the reach of children. We are improving the quality of
our children's schools by making a national commitment to high academic
and teaching standards. Recognizing the importance of a child's early
years to his or her development, we have expanded Head Start and
established Early Head Start for low-income families with children 3
years old or younger. We have made it easier for millions of parents to
take time off to be with a sick child
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without losing their jobs, and to
keep their health insurance when they change jobs. We have protected
Medicaid coverage for 36 million Americans, including about 20 million
children, and the Balanced Budget Act I recently signed into law will
provide meaningful health care coverage to millions more uninsured
children.
But there is still much to be accomplished if we are to ensure that
America's children grow up to meet their fullest potential. Our next
important goal must be to build upon our efforts and improve the quality
and affordability of child care in our Nation. With more people in the
work force, with more single-parent homes, and with more families in
which both parents have to work to make ends meet, millions of American
children are already in some form of day care, and the demand for
affordable, quality child care is growing. Later this month, the First
Lady and I will host the White House Conference on Child Care to work
with and learn from other parents, child care providers and experts,
business leaders, and economists. Together we will focus on the best
means to increase the quality, availability, and affordability of child
care in our Nation.
As we observe National Children's Day this year, let us recommit
ourselves to creating a society where parents can raise healthy, happy
children; where every newborn is cherished, where every child is
encouraged to succeed, and where all our young people are free to pursue
their dreams.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim October 12, 1997, as
National Children's Day. I urge all Americans to express their love and
appreciation for children on this day and on every day throughout the
year. I invite Federal officials, State and local governments, and
particularly all American families to join together in observing this
day with appropriate ceremonies and activities to honor our Nation's
children.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this tenth day of
October, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7041 of October 15, 1997
International Rural Women's Day, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Our world has been continually uplifted and renewed by the contributions
of women. Women of courage and conscience, women of strength and
compassion, women of vision and talent have enriched every aspect of
international society. In our own Nation, the names of such
extraordinary individuals as Harriet Tubman, Susan B. Anthony, Jane
Addams, Rosa Parks, Dolores Huerta, and so many more, are etched on our
history and in our hearts. But there are millions of other women who
live and work among
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us whose names will never be known, but whose
efforts and energy contribute profoundly to the quality of our lives.
Rural women are numbered among these many quiet heroes.
Today rural women comprise more than one-quarter of the world's
population, and they form the basis of much of the world's agricultural
economy. In the United States, working on farms and ranches, they play a
vital part in ensuring a healthy, safe, and abundant supply of food and
fiber for our people. In developing countries, as small farmers,
laborers, and entrepreneurs, rural women help produce most of the food,
create many of the jobs, and manage most of their countries' natural
resources. While millions of rural women worldwide live below the
poverty level, struggling to survive with scarce resources and little
training and education, they still manage to feed their families and
contribute to their communities.
When the international community came together in Beijing in 1995 for
the Fourth United Nations World Conference on Women, rural women made
their voices heard by world leaders, and their hard work and sacrifice
were at last recognized by people across the globe. Next year, when the
United States hosts the Second World Conference on Women in Agriculture,
we will continue to focus on the status of rural women and their
contributions to our world.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim October 15, 1997, as
International Rural Women's Day in the United States. I call upon the
American people to observe this day with appropriate programs and
activities in recognition of the extraordinary contributions rural women
make to the quality of our lives, both in America and around the world.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this fifteenth day of
October, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7042 of October 17, 1997
National Forest Products Week, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
America's forests are a precious resource, making numerous rich
contributions not only to the natural splendor of our Nation, but also
to the well-being of our people. Whether part of the vast acreages that
make up our industrial, State, and National forests or rural woodlots
and urban forests, they offer us clean water and air, priceless wildlife
habitat and fisheries, welcome settings for recreation, and breathtaking
beauty. Our forests also provide us with more tangible products
essential to everyday living: wood and paper products for our homes,
schools, and offices, and even medicines and food.
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While the wood products we harvest from our forests can be so durable
that they last for centuries, forest ecosystems themselves are very
fragile. America's growing population and urban expansion are putting
ever-increasing demands on forest lands and resources. We must work
together to devise imaginative forest management approaches that will
allow us to preserve and cultivate healthy forest ecosystems, meet the
need for forest products, provide jobs for those who depend on forests
for their livelihood, and continue to offer Americans enjoyable
recreational opportunities.
Fortunately, forest research is equipping us with vital knowledge that
can help us to balance the many and varied demands on our woodlands.
Thanks to such research, we are now using new products and innovative
technologies and employing new recycling methods that not only extend
the available supply of raw materials, but also help us to process those
materials more efficiently and with fewer harmful by-products. This use
of science to balance the needs of our people both for forest products
and a healthy environment will help us to achieve our goal of
sustainable forest management.
All of us are indebted to past generations of Americans whose vision and
generosity preserved so many of our Nation's great forests for our use
and pleasure. Now it falls to us to continue their wise stewardship so
that we may pass on to future generations this priceless natural legacy.
In recognition of the central role our forests play in the long-term
welfare of our Nation, the Congress, by Public Law 86-753 (36 U.S.C.
163), has designated the week beginning on the third Sunday in October
of each year as ``National Forest Products Week'' and has authorized and
requested the President to issue a proclamation in observance of this
week.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, do hereby proclaim October 19 through October 25, 1997, as
National Forest Products Week. I call upon all Americans to observe this
week with appropriate ceremonies and activities.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this seventeenth day of
October, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7043 of October 17, 1997
National Character Counts Week, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
The roots of America's greatness are embedded in the character of its
citizens. From our Founders' passion for justice and equality to the
social consciousness and humanitarian spirit of today's citizens, the
character of our people has inspired the world. Undeniably, character
does count for our citizens, our communities, and our Nation, and this
week we celebrate the
[[Page 164]]
importance of character in our individual lives
and in the life of our country.
Instilling sound character in our children is essential to maintaining
the strength of our Nation into the 21st century. The core ethical
values of trustworthiness, fairness, responsibility, caring, respect,
and citizenship form the foundation of our democracy, our economy, and
our society. These qualities are not innate but learned, and we must
ensure that we nurture them--both through our words and our example--in
our Nation's young people.
More than any other institution, the family is the cradle of character,
giving children their first crucial lessons in attitude and behavior. In
today's complex society, where children are subject to pressures and
negative influences rarely experienced by earlier generations, parents
face great challenges as they strive to impart to their children the
values that will help them become caring and responsible members of
society.
My Administration has worked hard to give parents new tools to help them
fulfill their important responsibilities. We worked to require V-chips
on all new televisions to give parents greater control over what their
children watch; we collaborated with the television industry to
encourage the airing of more educational programming for children; and
we negotiated a breakthrough agreement with the entertainment and
broadcast industries to create a voluntary ratings system that will help
parents identify programs containing material inappropriate for
children. Our proposed funding for the Anti-Gang and Youth Violence
Strategy will provide for after-school initiatives in communities across
the country to help keep young people occupied in wholesome activities,
off the streets, and out of trouble while their parents are at work.
Schools also have an important role in educating our young people about
the difference between right and wrong. My Administration has recognized
this by creating partnerships with the States to help our schools do a
better job of teaching character to America's students. Our push for
rigorous standards and our promise to open the doors of college to all
students who work hard let students know that good character really does
count and will be rewarded with expanded opportunity. We also should
encourage and commend the schools across our country that have begun to
incorporate volunteer service as a curriculum requirement, teaching
students the important life lessons of sharing, compassion, and civic
responsibility.
Developing strong values in America's children requires the
participation of all our people. As we observe this special week, I ask
that all Americans demonstrate in their personal and public lives, and
teach actively to our country's children, the high ethical standards
that are essential to good character and to the continued success of our
Nation.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim October 19 through October
25, 1997, as National Character Counts Week. I call upon the people of
the United States, government officials, educators, religious,
community, and business leaders, and the States to commemorate this week
with appropriate ceremonies, activities, and programs.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this seventeenth day of
October, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7044 of October 23, 1997
United Nations Day, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
In April of 1945, representatives of 50 nations gathered in San
Francisco for the United Nations Conference on International
Organization. The leaders assembled for that historic meeting were not
idle dreamers. They were experienced statesmen and hard realists,
horrified by the staggering destruction and human misery wrought by two
world wars, and convinced that the conduct of international affairs must
change. The United Nations Charter that emerged from their deliberations
was a document both wise and hopeful--wise in its recognition that
lasting peace comes only with respect for the dignity and value of every
human being, and hopeful in its determination to protect future
generations from the affliction of war.
As with all human enterprises, the United Nations has had its share of
failure and success in the 5 decades since its Charter was ratified. But
no one can dispute that the U.N. has worked to make the world a better
place. Human suffering knows no borders, and men and women of goodwill
from nations across the globe have dedicated their skills and energy to
U.N. programs committed to relieving such suffering. For half a century,
the organizations and programs of the United Nations have fought hunger
and disease, defended human rights, provided disaster relief, taught
sustainable development, and cared for refugees.
The United Nations has also fulfilled its mission as a force for peace
in the world. For 50 years, it has helped to avert another world war and
prevent nuclear holocaust. Today, it continues working to keep nations
like El Salvador, Haiti, Cyprus, and Bosnia from further bloodshed. It
serves as a voice for the international community in defining acceptable
behavior and punishing those states that ignore the most basic global
norms of conduct. And the United Nations has become a vital
international crossroads, where men and women of every race, culture,
religion, and ethnic background can come together to share their common
hopes and dreams.
The leaders who gathered in San Francisco so many years ago would
scarcely recognize our world today. For the first time in history, more
than half the world's people freely choose their own governments. Free
markets are expanding, bringing with them exciting opportunities for
growth and prosperity. The satellite and the microchip have
revolutionized human communication, changing forever the way we live and
work and interact. In this new global community, the U.N. mission is as
important as it was in the waning days of World War II--pursuing peace
and security, promot-
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ing human rights, and striving to help move people
from poverty to prosperity.
We in the United States must continue our efforts to help the United
Nations rise to the challenges of our time. Thanks to an ongoing reform
process, we have seen substantial improvements in management,
administrative accountability, and the setting of priorities by the U.N.
This progress has set the stage for broader efforts to ensure that the
United Nations is fully prepared to continue to pursue the goals laid
down in its Charter.
As we observe United Nations Day this year, let us remember all those
whose foresight and determination created this great international
institution, and let us thank all those who, with courage and
conviction, continue to fulfill its vital missions.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim Friday, October 24, 1997,
as United Nations Day. I encourage all Americans to acquaint themselves
with the activities and accomplishments of the United Nations, and to
observe this day with appropriate ceremonies, programs, and activities
furthering the goal of international cooperation.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-third day of
October, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7045 of October 24, 1997
National Consumers Week, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Americans have always had a passion for fairness. It imbues the great
charters on which our Nation is founded, and it is the cornerstone of
our legal system. Fairness must also form the foundation of the American
economy, an economy in which consumers rightly expect a ``fair shake'':
honest transactions and safe, dependable goods and services.
Our economy has changed enormously during the past 200 years, developing
from the agrarian system of the 18th century through the Industrial
Revolution of the 19th century to the information revolution of our own
era. Today, technological innovation is rapidly transforming our
relationships with the marketplace and the goods and services we buy.
However, despite these dramatic changes, basic consumer values remain
the same. Consumers still expect quality and service for their money;
they still place great importance on the safety and reliability of the
products they buy; and they still want to know that businesses will meet
these expectations.
In the days of Adam Smith, when products were less complicated and their
quality more easily discerned, caveat emptor was the ruling principle of
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the marketplace. In today's economy, where the microchip has
dramatically altered what we buy and how and where we buy it, products
and services are much more complex, and consumers need better
information and greater protection to ensure that the marketplace
continues to treat them fairly.
The Consumer Bill of Rights, first articulated in President Kennedy's
1962 Special Message to Congress on Protecting the Consumer Interest,
has evolved with our economy to meet the changing needs of the American
people. Consumers today have the right to safety, the right to
information, the right to choice, the right to be heard, the right to
consumer education, and the right to service. They also deserve security
for any personal information provided during the conduct of a
transaction, whether in person or on the Internet. As we observe
National Consumer Week, I urge the American people to learn more about
their rights as responsible consumers and to reward those businesses
that continue to give them a fair shake.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim October 25 through October
31, 1997, as National Consumers Week. I call upon government officials,
industry leaders, and the American people to recognize the vital
relationship between our economy and our citizenry, and to join me in
reaffirming our commitment to fairness in the marketplace.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-fourth day
of October, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven,
and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred
and twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7046 of October 30, 1997
National Employer Support of the Guard and Reserve Week, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
As we approach this century's end, many of the blocs and barriers that
divided the world for 50 years largely have fallen away. All around the
world, with America's help, nations are moving from conflict to
cooperation. However, we still face challenges that have taken on new
and dangerous dimensions: ethnic and religious violence, aggression by
outlaw states, the illegal drug trade, and threats from international
terrorism and weapons of mass destruction. The National Guard and
Reserve play a vital role in the response of America's Armed Forces to
this broad spectrum of challenges to our national security, and they are
an indispensable part of the effort to promote peace and democratic
values.
While most Americans understand and deeply appreciate the strategic and
military value of our National Guard and Reserve forces, too often we
fail to recognize or acknowledge the important contributions of their
civilian employers. When called upon to share their greatest resource--
employees
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serving as citizen-soldiers--these employers subordinate their
own interests for the good of our country, even when they may incur
financial hardship and organizational disruption. It is only because of
the willingness by employers to place our Nation's well-being above
their own that our National Guard and Reserve are able to provide
mission-ready and accessible forces to help preserve our freedom and
protect our national interests. The generosity of these employers is key
to enabling Reserve components to play an ever greater and more diverse
role in our country's Armed Forces. By setting aside this special time
to honor the sacrifice of our Nation's employers, we express our
heartfelt appreciation to these patriots for employing our citizen-
soldiers, making it possible for them to serve, and helping to keep
America strong, secure, and free.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim November 2 through
November 8, 1997, as National Employer Support of the Guard and Reserve
Week. I encourage all Americans to join me in expressing our heartfelt
thanks to the civilian employers of the members of our National Guard
and Reserve for their extraordinary sacrifices on behalf of our Nation.
I also call upon State and local officials, private organizations,
businesses, and all military commanders to observe this week with
appropriate ceremonies and activities.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this thirtieth day of
October, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7047 of November 1, 1997
National American Indian Heritage Month, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
American Indians and Alaska Natives have played a vital role in the life
of our country, and their many contributions have enhanced the freedom,
prosperity, and greatness of America today. In celebrating National
American Indian Heritage Month, we reaffirm our country's commitment to
remember those contributions and to honor the unique heritage of our
continent's first inhabitants.
This special observance also reflects our continuing commitment to
American Indian and Alaska Native tribal governments as an integral part
of the social, political, and economic fabric of the United States. The
framers of our Constitution incorporated Indian nations into the
political and legal framework of this country, forever joining the
destiny of the tribal nations with that of the American people. By this
action, our founders charged themselves and future generations with the
moral obligation to guard the rights and fundamental liberties of our
country's tribal peoples as zealously as we protect the rights of all
Americans.
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As we enter the next millennium, we have an exciting opportunity to open
a new era of understanding, cooperation, and respect among all of
America's people. We must work together to tear down the walls of
separation and mistrust and build a strong foundation for the future. To
accomplish this, we must strengthen tribal governments, improve the
quality of education for American Indian and Alaska Native youth, build
stable, diversified economies in tribal communities, create high-wage
jobs, and ensure that all our citizens have the skills, education, and
opportunities they need to reach their full potential.
The government-to-government relationship between the tribes and the
United States embodies the fundamental American belief that people of
widely varied and diverse cultural backgrounds can join together to
build a great country. Such greatness can be sustained, however, only so
long as we honor the ideals and principles upon which America is founded
and abide by our commitments to all our people. In recognition of
America's moral and legal obligations to American Indians and Alaska
Natives, and in light of the special trust relationship between tribal
governments and the Government of the United States, we celebrate
National American Indian Heritage Month.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim November 1997 as National
American Indian Heritage Month. I urge all Americans, as well as their
elected representatives at the Federal, State, local, and tribal levels,
to observe this month with appropriate programs, ceremonies, and
activities.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this first day of
November, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7048 of November 3, 1997
National Adoption Month, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Most American children are blessed with loving, stable families. But,
tragically, in our country today there are too many children whose
parents are unwilling or unable to care for them. While foster care
offers these children a safe and nurturing temporary haven in their time
of greatest need, as many as 100,000 foster care kids will need
permanent homes in the next few years. Many of these children have
special needs and require the security and stability of an adoptive
family to develop their full potential. Adoption allows these and other
children to have the permanent homes they deserve, and it enables many
dedicated adults to experience the joys and rewards of parenting.
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My Administration is working hard to find ways to help encourage
adoption. On December 14, 1996, I issued a Memorandum to the Secretaries
of Health and Human Services, the Treasury, Labor, and Commerce and to
the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, directing them to
promote efforts to both increase the number of children who are adopted
or permanently placed each year and to move children more rapidly from
foster care to permanent homes. I also urged them to increase public
awareness about the children waiting for permanent families and to
encourage all Americans to consider the rewards of adoption.
I challenged the members of my Administration to work with States,
communities, and civic leaders to create a plan for doubling the number
of adoptions and permanent placements for children to 54,000 by the year
2002. And on February 14, 1997, the Adoption 2002 report, outlining
changes in policies and practices necessary to reach this goal, was
released. Since then, we have been actively implementing the
recommendations included in the report, and States are reviewing data
and submitting numerical targets for adoption and guardianships to be
completed by the year 2002. The Office of Personnel Management has
published a guide for Federal workers interested in adopting, and the
Department of Health and Human Services is preparing to make the first
annual Adoption 2002 Excellence awards later this year. Finally, the
Congress is considering historic legislation that would provide the
resources and statutory authority for financial incentives, technical
assistance, and improved judicial decision-making for children in foster
care.
As a Nation, we have before us an opportunity to make a real difference
in the lives of our most vulnerable children. We must continue to
promote public awareness of the need for adoptive families and to help
families make the choice to provide loving, permanent homes for the many
children who otherwise must continue to wait. We must also strengthen
our support of those families who do choose to adopt. As we observe
National Adoption Month, we reaffirm our commitment to adoption as a new
beginning for thousands of children, and we celebrate the many American
families who have embraced these children by accepting the rewards and
responsibilities of adoption.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim November 1997 as National
Adoption Month. I urge all Americans to observe this month with
appropriate programs and activities to honor adoptive families and to
participate in efforts to find permanent homes for waiting children.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this third day of
November, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
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Proclamation 7049 of November 6, 1997
National Day of Concern About Young People and Gun Violence, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
On this day in America, as on every other day, children will die by
gunfire, and many of them will be killed because other children are
pulling the trigger. This is a stark and sad reality and a call to each
of us, not only to raise public awareness of a national tragedy, but
also to do everything within our power to end the killing.
There is some encouraging news. The Department of Justice recently
reported that violent crime among youths dropped by more than 9 percent
in 1996. However, we still have a long way to go in our efforts to save
lives and help ensure a brighter future for our children.
One of my Administration's highest law enforcement priorities is to
protect our children from violent crime, and we are especially concerned
with stopping crimes committed by young people. I am pleased that eight
of the Nation's largest gun manufacturers have responded to my
Administration's call to provide child safety lock devices with every
handgun they sell. We proposed a $60 million increase for the Safe and
Drug-Free Schools Program this year, which reaches almost all of our
Nation's school districts. These funds will help communities protect
students from violence. My Administration also proposed funding for
after-school initiatives in communities across the country to give our
young people something positive to say yes to, to keep them off the
streets, and to keep them out of trouble. Through our Anti-Gang and
Youth Violence Strategy, we are working to provide for more prosecutors
and probation officers, tougher penalties, and better gang prevention
efforts.
But government alone cannot guarantee our children will grow up free
from violence and fear. Parents, teachers, religious and community
leaders, businesses, youth organizations, and especially young people
themselves have a vital part to play. Parents and other adults must set
a good example for the children in their care and teach them right from
wrong. Adults who own a gun have a responsibility to keep that weapon
out of the hands of our youth. Communities must unite to keep schools
safe and to provide young people with positive, fulfilling activities
after school and during summers and holidays. Most important, young
people themselves have a duty to learn that violence solves nothing; to
act responsibly when confronted by peer pressure by relying on their own
good judgment, and to encourage their friends and classmates to resolve
conflicts peacefully.
I am heartened by the knowledge that hundreds of thousands of young
Americans across the country will have an opportunity on this National
Day of Concern to sign the Student Pledge Against Gun Violence. By
making this earnest promise never to take a gun to school, never to use
a gun to settle a dispute, and to use their influence to keep their
friends from using guns, these young people will take a giant step
toward a brighter, safer future.
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NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim November 6, 1997, as a
National Day of Concern About Young People and Gun Violence. On this
day, I call upon young Americans in classrooms and communities across
the country to make a solemn decision about their future by signing the
Student Pledge Against Gun Violence. I further urge all Americans to
help our Nation's young people avoid violence and grow up to be healthy,
happy, productive adults.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this sixth day of
November, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7050 of November 7, 1997
Veterans Day, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Americans have always looked to the future. Planning for next week, next
month, or next year, we rarely dwell on the past, but rather look ahead
to tomorrow. But each year in November, we pause to look back, to
reflect with pride and profound gratitude on the achievements of our
Nation's veterans. The service and sacrifice of these millions of
courageous men and women is a gleaming thread that weaves, unbroken,
through the fabric of American history.
More than two centuries ago, the framers of our Constitution outlined in
a few brief words the burden and privilege that generations of American
veterans would willingly embrace: to ``provide for the common defence .
. . and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity .
. . .'' Since the days of the American Revolution, nearly 42 million
patriots have taken up arms to defend America and to guarantee that the
blessings of liberty are, indeed, secure. From Lexington and Concord to
Fort McHenry and San Juan Hill, from the Argonne Forest to the shores of
Normandy, from the frozen terrain of Korea to the jungles of Vietnam and
the sands of Kuwait, America's veterans have risked--and more than half
a million have lost--their lives to preserve our freedom and defend our
national interests.
Today, more than 25 million American veterans live among us. They come
from every walk of life and from every ethnic, religious, and racial
background. They are our family members, friends, and neighbors, but
these seemingly ordinary citizens have accomplished extraordinary
things. They have defended our liberty against every challenge,
preserved our values, advanced democracy across the globe, and made
America the world's best hope for freedom and lasting peace.
For these contributions, and for so much more, we owe our veterans an
enormous debt of gratitude that we can never fully repay. To those who
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have completed their service and returned to civilian life, we owe the
opportunity for a good education, a good job, and the chance to buy a
home. For those who have suffered injury or illness in service to
America, we must provide relief, quality health care, and the
opportunity to live out their dreams. To the families of those still
missing, we owe the fullest possible accounting and every effort to
determine the fate of their loved ones. And to those who have died for
us and for our country, whether here at home or on some foreign
battlefield, we owe our lasting respect and the pledge to meet America's
future challenges with the same valor and generosity that infused their
sacrifice.
In recognition of and gratitude for the contributions of those who have
served in our Armed Forces, the Congress has provided (5 U.S.C. 6103(a))
that November 11 of each year shall be set aside as a legal public
holiday to honor America's veterans.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, do hereby proclaim Tuesday, November 11, 1997, as Veterans Day.
I urge all Americans to acknowledge the courage and sacrifice of our
veterans through appropriate public ceremonies and private prayers. I
call upon Federal, State, and local officials to display the flag of the
United States and to encourage and participate in patriotic activities
in their communities. I invite civic and fraternal organizations, places
of worship, schools, businesses, unions, and the media to support this
national observance with suitable commemorative expressions and
programs.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this seventh day of
November, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7051 of November 20, 1997
National Great American Smokeout Day, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
For 21 years, this special day has been devoted to communicating a
simple message: if you smoke, you need to quit--for life. Smoking is the
largest cause of preventable death in this country, eventually killing
one of every two people who continue to smoke. Every day, 3,000
adolescents in America smoke their first cigarette, taking the first
step to becoming regular smokers, and one-third of these new smokers
will eventually die of tobacco-related diseases. Each of these
devastating statistics represents a personal tragedy, needless
suffering, and irreparable loss.
Because most smokers--more than 80 percent of them--begin smoking before
their 18th birthday, my Administration is working hard to reach children
before they decide to start. Last year, I announced tough measures to
limit children's access to tobacco products and to reduce their appeal
to young people. Now we are working with the Congress, the public health
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community, State attorneys general across the country, and other
interested organizations to develop and pass comprehensive national
legislation to reduce teen smoking significantly.
Such legislation must set ambitious targets to cut teen smoking rates
and stiff financial penalties to help ensure that tobacco companies meet
those targets. To counteract the pervasive influence of cigarette and
smokeless tobacco advertising and promotion, we must mount a nationwide
effort to strip tobacco of its allure, warning our young people of its
addictive nature and deadly consequences and helping parents discourage
their children from ever taking up the habit. The Food and Drug
Administration must have full authority to see to it that industry
develops less addictive, reduced-risk products. And we must strengthen
and expand our current efforts to limit the advertising of tobacco to
children and restrict young people's access to tobacco products.
The Great American Smokeout offers all Americans, smokers and nonsmokers
alike, an invaluable opportunity to show our young people how much we
care about them and how much their good health means to us. I urge the
almost 48 million adult Americans and 4 million of our young people who
still smoke to set an example of strength and determination by quitting
for the day and, ultimately, for life. I encourage students across the
Nation to participate in Smokeout activities designed to teach them
about the dangers of smoking. I ask all Americans to renew their
commitment to a smoke-free environment for themselves and for our
children. If we can accomplish these goals today, we can do so every
day, creating a better, healthier future for us all.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim November 20, 1997, as
National Great American Smokeout Day. I call upon all Americans to join
together in an effort to educate our children about the dangers of
tobacco use, and I urge both smokers and nonsmokers to take this
opportunity to begin healthier lifestyles that set a positive example
for young people.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twentieth day of
November, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7052 of November 21, 1997
Thanksgiving Day, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Another year has passed on our American journey. The seasons have
completed another cycle, and it is harvest time in America. Once again,
millions of us will gather with family and friends to give thanks to God
for the many blessings that He has bestowed upon us.
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This Thanksgiving Day, as every day, we are grateful for the gift of
freedom, for the vision made real by our Nation's founders and preserved
by the courage, vigilance, and sacrifice of generations of Americans. We
are thankful for the bounty and beauty of this great land, which has
welcomed so many to its shores across the years. We cherish the love of
our families and friends. We value the opportunity to provide for our
children's future with the fruits of our honest labor. And, like the
Pilgrims who celebrated Thanksgiving more than 300 years ago, we thank
God for bringing us safely to the threshold of a new world, full of
exhilarating challenge and promise.
In this new world, our children are growing up free from the shadows of
the Cold War and the threat of nuclear holocaust. Nations once held
captive by communism are learning the lessons of liberty and democracy.
A revolution in technology has brought the world closer together and
holds the prospect of greater knowledge and prosperity for people across
the globe.
More than three centuries of change and growth separate us from the
Pilgrims and their Native American friends who sat down together for
their Thanksgiving meal. But the example and experience of those early
Americans still hold great meaning for us today. They remind us that
God's love strengthens and sustains us, both as individuals and as a
Nation. They remind us that everyone has something to contribute, and
that we are all richer when we learn to share. They teach us a simple
but powerful lesson that each new generation of Americans must learn and
pass on: we need one another. Like the Pilgrims, if we are to flourish
in our new world, we must do so not as isolated individuals, but as
members of a family, one America, sharing our gifts and leaving no one
behind.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim Thursday, November 27,
1997, as a National Day of Thanksgiving. I encourage all Americans to
assemble in their homes, places of worship, or community centers to
share the spirit of goodwill and prayer; to express heartfelt thanks to
God for the many blessings He has bestowed upon us; and to reach out in
true friendship to our brothers and sisters across this land who,
together, comprise our great American family.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-first day of
November, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7053 of November 21, 1997
National Farm-City Week, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
When Americans sit down to a meal each day, we sometimes take for
granted the quality and variety of the food we eat. Our grocery stores,
su-
[[Page 176]]
permarkets, and restaurants offer us an enormous volume and selection
of fruits, vegetables, meats, dairy products, and other food items, but
we too often forget the hardworking men and women whose skill and effort
put that food on our tables.
Strengthening our economy and providing food for people around the
world, American agriculture is a leading global industry and a source of
pride for our Nation. While producing an abundance of safe and
affordable food and fiber, America's farmers and ranchers also provide a
rich source of jobs in the United States. American agriculture employs
more than 21 million people today, and agriculture-related industries
continue to expand, pumping a trillion dollars into the American economy
each year.
During the earliest days of our Nation, most of the crops farmers grew
were used to feed their families or local consumers. Today, through
advances in technology and marketing and through partnerships with
agribusiness industries, research scientists, carriers, shippers, and
retail distributors, America's farmers produce enough food and fiber to
help meet the needs of people around the globe.
This week, as Americans gather with family and friends around the dinner
table to give thanks for their many blessings, it is fitting that we
count among those blessings the vital farm-city partnerships that have
done so much to improve the quality of our lives. Rural and urban
communities, working together to make the most of America's rich
agricultural resources, continue to contribute immensely to the health
and well-being of our people and to the vigor of our national economy.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim November 21 through
November 27, 1997, as National Farm-City Week. I call upon citizens in
urban and rural areas throughout the Nation to acknowledge and celebrate
the achievements of all those who, working together, produce an
abundance of agricultural products that strengthen and enrich our
country.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-first day of
November, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7054 of November 21, 1997
National Family Week, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
As we approach the end of the 21st century, our world is becoming
increasingly complex, our society more mobile, and our pace of life more
rapid. It is at times like this, full of dynamic challenge and change,
that we need to remember the fundamental values and institutions
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that
strengthen and uplift us. Among the most precious of these are our
families.
Families come in many forms and sizes. They can number several
generations or only one; they can include birth parents and stepparents,
foster children and adopted children. Families are created by ties of
blood or law, but they are sustained by ties of love and caring.
Few people in our lives will have so profound an effect on us as our
family members. From the day we are born, the people who live with us,
nurture us, and guide us play a crucial role in shaping the kind of men
and women we become. They challenge us to look beyond ourselves and to
respect and care for others. At their best, they help us to be our best.
Families are the most basic--and the most important--unit of our
society.
Recognizing this, we realize that many of our dreams for America begin
with strong families. We want to be a caring people, and the lessons of
tolerance, sharing, and compassion are best taught in the home. We want
to be a peaceful people, and we look to families to teach our young
people how to respect one another's differences and resolve disputes
without resorting to violence. We want to be wise people, so we need
families that value education and acknowledge the importance of lifelong
learning.
Nothing is more important to our future than preserving and promoting
strong, loving families. This week, as we gather with our own families
to celebrate Thanksgiving, let us resolve to do all we can as
individuals, and as a Nation to help families who are in need, to
provide support and encouragement for troubled families, and to promote
policies at the local, State, and Federal level that will help America's
families to flourish.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim November 23 through
November 29, 1997, as National Family Week. I call upon Federal, State,
and local officials to honor American families with appropriate programs
and activities; I encourage educators, community organizations, and
religious leaders to celebrate the strength and values we draw from
family relationships; and I urge all the people of the United States to
reaffirm their family ties and to reach out to others in friendship and
goodwill.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-first day of
November, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7055 of November 22, 1997
National Family Caregivers Week, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
During this season of thanksgiving, when we reflect on the many
blessings that have been bestowed on us as individuals and as a Nation,
we are espe-
[[Page 178]]
cially grateful for the love of our families and friends. One
of the most profound ways in which that love is expressed is through the
generous support provided by caregivers to those who need help if they
are to remain in their homes and communities.
Caregivers reflect family and community life at its best. Thanks to
their efforts, Americans with disabilities and a growing number of
elderly Americans are able to stay in familiar surroundings and to
maintain their dignity and independence. Caregivers not only enhance the
quality of life for those they serve, but also greatly reduce the
demands on the formal system of caregiving services in our Nation.
The statistics describing caregivers in America today tell an
extraordinary story of generosity and compassion. Nearly one in four
households is involved in caring for a relative or other loved one in
need, providing a range of assistance from personal care to household
help to transportation. Thirty percent of caregivers are caring for two
or more people, and 64 percent hold down jobs while providing such care.
Caregivers share not only their time, but also their resources, spending
some $2 billion a month of their own assets for groceries, medicine, and
other aid.
There is another side to caregiving in America today. Many older
relatives now take care of children whose parents, for whatever reason,
are no longer able to provide that care themselves. These generous men
and women, who in many cases have already raised families and are
looking forward to pursuing their own interests in retirement, embrace
the challenges of parenting a new generation of young people. They give
millions of our most vulnerable youth the opportunity to grow up in
stable, loving homes.
These everyday heroes among us deserve our lasting gratitude and
respect. This week, as we honor the many contributions that family
caregivers make to the quality of our national life, let us resolve to
work through our community, religious, social, business, and other
organizations to offer programs and services that will provide
caregivers the support and encouragement they need to carry out their
vital responsibilities.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim November 23 through
November 29, 1997, as National Family Caregivers Week. I call upon
Government officials, businesses, communities, educators, volunteers,
and all the people of the United States to acknowledge the invaluable
efforts of caregivers this week and throughout the year.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-second day
of November, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven,
and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred
and twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
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Proclamation 7056 of December 1, 1997
World AIDS Day, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
oclamation
For more than 15 years, America and the world have faced the challenges
posed by HIV and AIDS. This devastating disease respects no borders and
does not discriminate. In every city, town, and community, we have lost
sons and daughters, brothers and sisters, mothers and fathers, life
partners and friends. HIV and AIDS have affected us all, regardless of
income, region, gender, race, religion, sexual orientation, or age.
Sadly, both the number of people living with AIDS and the number of new
HIV infections is rising worldwide. This year, as we observe the tenth
World AIDS Day, we recognize with particular concern the toll HIV and
AIDS continue to take on our children and youth.
The statistics are heartbreaking. In America alone, more than 7,500
children under the age of 13 have been diagnosed with AIDS. Every hour
of every day, two more Americans under the age of 21 become infected
with HIV. Around the world, more than 1 million children are living with
HIV and AIDS. Twelve hundred children die of AIDS each day, even as
1,600 more become infected with the HIV virus. Compounding this tragedy
is the terrible reality that many of the world's young people who are
living with HIV and AIDS do not have access to the life-extending drugs
and medical protocols that our scientists and doctors have developed.
There is also a critical shortage of prescription drugs suitable for
children suffering from pediatric HIV and AIDS. Of the 14 approved drugs
for adults and adolescents, only five are approved for children.
From the earliest days of my Administration, we have sought to meet the
challenges posed by AIDS with increased resources and action. I am proud
of our success, with the cooperation of the Congress, in dramatically
increasing funding for AIDS prevention measures and research. Such
programs and research have helped to slow the spread of HIV and AIDS and
have made possible the production of new drugs that are extending the
lives of people with HIV and AIDS here at home and around the world.
But our progress against the scourge of AIDS has not been the result of
government action alone. We have been able to make these great strides
in understanding and treating HIV and AIDS thanks in large part to the
hard work and commitment of thousands of researchers, health care
providers, and clinical trial participants. I am proud as well of the
resounding response of courage, compassion, responsibility, and love
that the AIDS crisis has brought forth from our people. The lesbian and
gay community, particularly in the early years of this epidemic,
energized existing organizations and created new institutions to respond
to the unmet needs of those living with HIV and AIDS. Educators and
activists, members of religious and civic groups, business and labor
organizations, and tens of thousands of other men and women of goodwill
have joined together to comfort the afflicted and bring an end to this
disease.
We can rejoice in our progress, but we cannot rest. In May, I announced
a new HIV vaccine initiative, and I am pleased that the global community
has joined together in making the development of this vaccine a top
inter-
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national priority. Within 10 years, we hope to have the means to
stop this deadly virus. But until we reach that day, I call on every
American to remain with us on our crusade to eradicate this terrible
epidemic and care for those living with AIDS along the way. As we mark
World AIDS Day this year, we must continue to provide care for the sick
and ensure that all have access to the treatment they need. And one of
our most important tasks now is to strengthen our efforts to educate
young people about HIV and AIDS and to make available to them and others
at high risk effective prevention programs. By giving our children real
hope for a future free from the shadows of HIV and AIDS, we can best
commemorate the many loved ones we have already lost to the disease
during its long and tragic course. May their enduring memory light our
journey toward a vaccine for HIV and a final cure for AIDS.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim December 1, 1997, as World
AIDS Day. I invite the Governors of the States, the Commonwealth of
Puerto Rico, officials of the other territories subject to the
jurisdiction of the United States, and the American people to join me in
reaffirming our commitment to defeating HIV and AIDS and to helping
those who live with the disease. I encourage every American to
participate in appropriate commemorative programs and ceremonies in
workplaces, houses of worship, and other community centers and to reach
out to protect our children and to help all people who are living with
AIDS.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this first day of
December, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7057 of December 1, 1997
National Drunk And Drugged Driving Prevention Month, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Driving is a privilege enjoyed by millions of Americans. It offers us
freedom, mobility, and the chance to discover what lies over the next
hill or around the next bend in the road. But driving also brings with
it serious responsibilities. Among the most important of these is a
driver's responsibility to stay sober. Tragically, many Americans ignore
this responsibility.
Drunk or drugged drivers are a menace not only to themselves, but also
to the communities in which they drive. Last year alone, they killed
more than 17,000 of their fellow citizens and injured thousands more.
Research has shown that teenage drivers and those aged 21 to 34 are most
likely to drive under the influence of alcohol or other drugs.
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We must reaffirm our commitment to educate these and all drivers about
the dangers of operating a vehicle after consuming alcohol or drugs, and
we must strengthen law enforcement efforts that will prevent impaired
drivers from getting behind the wheel in the first place. We must also
work together as a national community to make drunk and drugged driving
socially unacceptable, and continue to support educational programs and
legislation that teach all our citizens the terrible risks of drunk and
drugged driving. By doing so, we can prevent thousands of deaths and
injuries each year and protect our families, our friends, and ourselves
from becoming victims of this deadly behavior.
I am proud of the ``Zero Alcohol Tolerance'' legislation that 45 States
and the District of Columbia have adopted, making it illegal for drivers
under the age of 21 who have been drinking to drive a motor vehicle. I
call upon all Americans, including policymakers, community leaders,
State officials, parents, educators, health and medical professionals,
and other concerned citizens to continue to support such legislation and
to work together to save lives. I challenge American businesses to take
a stand against impaired driving both on and off the job and to remember
that an alcohol- and drug-free workplace is the right and responsibility
of every worker. Finally, in memory of the thousands who have lost their
lives to drunk and drugged drivers, I ask all motorists to participate
in ``National Lights on for Life Day'' on Friday, December 19, 1997, by
driving with vehicle headlights illuminated. In doing so, we will call
attention to this critical national problem and remind others on the
road of their responsibility to drive free of the influence of drugs and
alcohol.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim December 1997 as National
Drunk and Drugged Driving Prevention Month. I urge all Americans to
recognize the dangers of impaired driving; to take responsibility for
themselves and others around them; to prevent anyone under the influence
of alcohol or drugs from getting behind the wheel; and to help teach our
young people about the importance and the benefits of safe driving
behavior.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this first day of
December, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7058 of December 5, 1997
National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
December 7, 1941, marked a turning point in the history of our Nation, a
defining moment that would alter the lives of millions of Americans and
change forever America's destiny. On that quiet Sunday morning, the
forces
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of Imperial Japan attacked the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor in
Hawaii, killing or injuring more than 3,000 Americans, crippling our
Pacific Fleet, and critically damaging our airpower. In that moment of
supreme crisis, the essential greatness at the core of the American
spirit was revealed. Our response was not despair, but determination.
Inspired by the leadership of President Franklin Roosevelt and buoyed by
his faith that we ultimately would prevail, America went to war.
Looking back across the years, we rightly are still awed by what the
American people accomplished during World War II. United in spirit and
purpose after the attack on Pearl Harbor, millions of men and women
joined the Armed Forces; by war's end, some 15 million had served. They
fought fiercely and with uncommon courage in battlefields across the
globe. In the Pacific, step by bloody and painstaking step, they took
back the islands captured by Imperial Japanese forces in the days after
Pearl Harbor. The names of those battles still resonate through the
years: Coral Sea, Midway, Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima. On the western front,
facing the daunting power of the Nazi war machine, Americans and our
Allies struggled and died to liberate Europe, fighting in the stormy
North Atlantic, in the searing heat of North Africa, and in the flak-
filled skies over France and Germany.
Americans on the home front responded with equal gallantry and strength.
Stepping forward to close the gap left by departing servicemen, the very
young, the elderly, minority workers, and women filled America's
factories and shipyards. Working around the clock, they built the ships,
planes, tanks, and guns that armed the forces of freedom and made our
Nation the ``Arsenal of Democracy.'' In fields, on farms, and in
neighborhood Victory Gardens, they produced the food to sustain our
Nation, our troops, and our Allies. Millions left their homes to do
their part, and few American families were untouched by the hardships
and sacrifices demanded by this unprecedented effort.
While more than half a century separates us from the attack on Pearl
Harbor, we still can learn much from the example, achievements, and
heroic deeds of those Americans who preserved the flame of liberty and
passed it around the world. They taught us that America is the world's
best hope for freedom and democracy and that we must never shrink from
the responsibilities of that leadership. They taught us the need for
constant vigilance, a powerful military, and strength of character. They
showed us that, when Americans are united in heart and mind, there is
nothing we cannot accomplish together.
As we remember Pearl Harbor, let us also remember and give thanks for
that great and gallant leader, Franklin D. Roosevelt, whose memorial we
dedicated earlier this year in our Nation's Capital. In December of
1941, in one of our Nation's darkest hours, he proclaimed his faith in
the ultimate victory of freedom over tyranny that, sadly, he did not
live to see:
With confidence in our armed forces, with the unbounding determination
of our people, we will gain the inevitable triumph. So help us God.
The Congress, by Public Law 103-308, has designated December 7, 1997, as
``National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day.''
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, do hereby proclaim December 7, 1997, as National Pearl
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Harbor
Remembrance Day. I urge all Americans to observe this day with
appropriate programs, ceremonies, and activities in honor of the
Americans who served at Pearl Harbor. I also ask all Federal departments
and agencies, organizations, and individuals to fly the flag of the
United States at half-staff on this day in honor of those Americans who
died as a result of the attack on Pearl Harbor.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this fifth day of
December, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7059 of December 9, 1997
Human Rights Day, Bill of Rights Day, and Human Rights Week, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Human rights are the cornerstone of American democracy. The founders of
our democracy, in their wisdom, recognized the inherent dignity of every
human being and enshrined in the Bill of Rights our profound commitment
to freedom of speech, religion, and assembly and the right to due
process and a fair trial. Through more than two centuries of challenge
and change, these guiding principles have sustained us. They form the
common ground on which our racial, religious, and ethnic diversity can
flourish.
It is a measure of our greatness as a Nation that each new generation of
Americans has sought to advance and extend the rights set forth by
Thomas Jefferson in the Declaration of Independence and by the framers
of our Constitution. Promoting human rights and democracy around the
world is a central pillar of our foreign policy. We seek to protect and
advance human rights for all, not only because a world that respects
such rights will be freer, safer, and more prosperous, but also so that
we may keep faith with the vision of our founders, who knew that these
rights are the deepest reflection of America's fundamental values.
This week marks the beginning of the world's celebration of the 50th
anniversary year of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The
adoption of this set of principles by the United Nations on December 10,
1948, was a landmark event in the course of modern human history. The
Declaration represented a collective condemnation by nearly 50 U.N.
member states of the widespread and devastating human rights abuses
committed prior to and during World War II, and it reflected a consensus
on what the postwar world should seek to become. Among the Declaration's
30 articles are affirmations of the right to life, liberty, and personal
security; the right to freedom of thought, religion, and expression; and
the right to freedom from slavery, torture, and arbitrary arrest and
detention.
It was fitting that a great American, Eleanor Roosevelt, played a
pivotal role in the development of the Universal Declaration of Human
Rights, which
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so closely reflected the tenets of our own Bill of Rights.
As Chair of the U.N. Commission on Human Rights, she led the efforts of
its 18 members to define basic rights and freedoms and to draft the
international affirmation of rights that was ultimately adopted by the
General Assembly. Today, thanks to those efforts, scores of countries
across the globe have incorporated these fundamental principles into
their laws and practices, and millions of people are leading freer,
happier, and more fulfilling lives.
Now our challenge is to reaffirm the universality of these precepts and
to ensure that all the world's peoples share in their protections. While
we have made great progress in this endeavor, we must recognize that
intolerance, discrimination, and persecution continue to darken our
vision of a better future. Each of us has a part to play in upholding
human rights for men and women of all political, ethnic, religious, and
racial backgrounds. The words of Eleanor Roosevelt are both an
inspiration and a challenge, not only to Americans, but also to citizens
throughout the international community: ``The destiny of human rights is
in the hands of all of our citizens and all of our communities.''
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim December 10, 1997, as
Human Rights Day; December 15, 1997, as Bill of Rights Day; and the week
beginning December 10, 1997, as Human Rights Week. I call upon the
people of the United States to celebrate these observances with
appropriate programs, ceremonies, and activities that demonstrate our
national commitment to the Bill of Rights, the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights, and the promotion of human rights for all people.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this ninth day of
December, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7060 of December 12, 1997
Suspension of Entry as Immigrants and Nonimmigrants of Persons Who Are
Senior Officials of the National Union for the Total Independence of
Angola (``UNITA'') and Adult Members of Their Immediate Families
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
In light of the failure of the National Union for the Total Independence
of Angola (``UNITA'') to comply with its obligations under the
``Accordos de Paz,'' the Lusaka Protocol, and other components of the
peace process in Angola, and in furtherance of United Nations Security
Council Resolution 1127 of August 28, 1997, 1130 of September 29, 1997,
and 1135 of October 29, 1997, I have determined that it is in the
foreign policy interests of the
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United States to restrict the entry into
the United States of aliens described in section 1 of this proclamation.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, by the power vested in me as
President of the United States by the Constitution and the laws of the
United States of America, including sections 212(f) and 215 of the
Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, as amended (8 U.S.C. 1182(f)
and 1185), and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, hereby find
that the entry into the United States of aliens described in section 1
of this proclamation as immigrants or nonimmigrants would, except as
provided for in section 2 of this proclamation, be detrimental to the
interests of the United States. I do therefore proclaim that:
Section 1. The entry into the United States as immigrants and
nonimmigrants of senior officials of UNITA and adult members of their
immediate families, is hereby suspended.
Sec. 2. Section 1 shall not apply with respect to any person otherwise
covered by section 1 where the entry of such person would not be
contrary to the interests of the United States.
Sec. 3. Persons covered by section 1 and 2 shall be identified by the
Secretary of State.
Sec. 4. In identifying persons covered by section 2, the Secretary shall
consider whether a person otherwise covered by section 1 is an official
necessary for the full functioning of the Government of Unity and
National Reconciliation, the National Assembly, or the Joint Commission,
within the meaning of paragraph 4(a) of United Nations Security Council
Resolution 1127 of August 28, 1997.
Sec. 5. This proclamation is effective immediately and shall remain in
effect until such time as the Secretary of State determines that it is
no longer necessary and should be terminated.
Sec. 6. The Secretary of State is hereby authorized to implement this
proclamation pursuant to such procedures as the Secretary of State may
establish.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twelfth day of
December, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
Proclamation 7061 of December 16, 1997
Wright Brothers Day, 1997
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
On December 17, 1903, Orville Wright lay inside the first heavier-than-
air powered craft that permitted controlled flight. His brother Wilbur
stood nearby, steadying the craft at one wing tip. In a few moments, the
brothers
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would know if their years of hard work and painstaking
experimentation would finally bear fruit. With Wilbur running beside the
plane to build its momentum, Orville achieved, for a scant 12 seconds
over a distance of 120 feet, what humankind had always dreamed of--he
flew.
That historic moment marked the first step in a long journey through the
skies that would ultimately take Americans beyond Earth's atmosphere and
into space. The Mars Pathfinder spacecraft that captured the world's
attention and imagination this past summer reflects the same American
ingenuity and pioneering spirit that sent the Wrights' fragile craft
aloft so briefly over Kitty Hawk almost a century ago. With unwavering
perseverance in the face of many failures, steady conviction in the
possibility of flight, and a determination to bring their vision to
reality, the Wright brothers expanded our horizons and also brought the
world closer together.
We are still reaping the benefits of their extraordinary achievement.
America's aerospace industry has experienced enormous growth and
development since the Wright brothers' first flight. It has strengthened
our economy, created new business and recreational opportunities, freed
us from many of the limits of time and distance, and made our Nation's
aviation system the finest in the world. And thanks in large part to the
efforts of the men and women throughout the Federal Government--in the
Departments of Transportation and Defense, the National Transportation
Safety Board, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration--
that system is also the safest in the world.
The Congress, by a joint resolution approved December 17, 1963 (77 Stat.
402; 36 U.S.C. 169), has designated December 17 of each year as ``Wright
Brothers Day'' and has authorized and requested the President to issue
annually a proclamation inviting the people of the United States to
observe that day with appropriate ceremonies and activities.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of
America, do hereby proclaim December 17, 1997, as Wright Brothers Day.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this sixteenth day of
December, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and
twenty-second.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
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________________________________________________________________________
EXECUTIVE ORDERS
________________________________________________________________________
Executive Order 13034 of January 30, 1997
Extension of Presidential Advisory Committee on Gulf War Veterans'
Illnesses
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered as follows:
Section 1. Extension. The Presidential Advisory Committee on Gulf War
Veterans' Illnesses (the ``Committee''), established pursuant to
Executive Order 12961 of May 26, 1995, is hereby extended for the
purposes set forth herein. All provisions of that order relating to
membership and administration shall remain in effect. All Committee
appointments, as well as the President's designation of a Chairperson,
shall remain in effect. The limitations set forth in section 2(c)-(e)
and section 4(a) of Executive Order 12961 shall also remain in effect.
The Committee shall remain subject to the Federal Advisory Committee
Act, as amended, 5 U.S.C. App. 2.
Sec. 2. Functions. (a) The Committee shall report to the President
through the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, and
the Secretary of Health and Human Services.
(b) The Committee shall have two principal roles:
(1) Oversight of the ongoing investigation being conducted by the
Department of Defense with the assistance, as appropriate, of other
executive departments and agencies into possible chemical or biological
warfare agent exposures during the Gulf War; and
(2) Evaluation of the Federal Government's plan for and progress
towards the implementation of the Committee's recommendations contained
in its Final Report submitted on December 31, 1996.
(c) The Committee shall provide advice and recommendations related
to its oversight and evaluation responsibilities.
(d) The Committee may also provide additional advice and
recommendations prompted by any new developments related to its original
functions as set forth in section 2(b) of Executive Order 12961.
(e) The Committee shall submit by letter a status report by April
30, 1997, and a final supplemental report by October 31, 1997, unless
otherwise directed by the President.
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Sec. 3. General Provisions. (a) The Committee shall terminate 30 days
after submitting its final supplemental report.
(b) This order is intended only to improve the internal management
of the executive branch and it is not intended to create any right,
benefit or trust responsibility, substantive or procedural, enforceable
at law or equity by a party against the United States, its agencies, its
officers, or any person.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
January 30, 1997.
Executive Order 13035 of February 11, 1997
Advisory Committee on High-Performance Computing and Communications,
Information Technology, and the Next Generation Internet
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America, including the High-Performance
Computing Act of 1991 (Public Law 102-194) (``Act''), and in order to
establish an advisory committee on high-performance computing and
communications, Information Technology, and the Next Generation
Internet, it is hereby ordered as follows:
Section 1. Establishment. There is established the ``Advisory Committee
on High-Performance Computing and Communications, Information
Technology, and the Next Generation Internet'' (``Committee''). The
Committee shall consist of not more than 25 nonfederal members appointed
by the President, including representatives of the research, education,
and library communities, network providers, and representatives from
critical industries. The President shall designate co-chairs from among
the members of the Committee.
Sec. 2. Functions. The Committee shall provide the National Science and
Technology Council (NSTC), through the Director of the Office of Science
and Technology Policy (``Director''), with advice and information on
high-performance computing and communications, information technology,
and the Next Generation Internet. The Committee shall provide an
independent assessment of:
(1) progress made in implementing the High-Performance Computing and
Communications (HPCC) Program;
(2) progress in designing and implementing the Next Generation
Internet initiative;
(3) the need to revise the HPCC Program;
(4) balance among components of the HPCC Program;
(5) whether the research and development undertaken pursuant to the
HPCC Program is helping to maintain United States leadership in advanced
computing and communications technologies and their applications; and
(6) other issues as specified by the Director.
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Sec. 3. Administration. To the extent permitted by law and subject to
the availability of appropriations, the Department of Defense shall
provide the financial and administrative support for the Committee.
Further, the Director of the National Coordination Office for Computing
Information, and Communications (``Director of the NCO'') shall provide
such coordination and technical assistance to the Committee as the co-
chairs of the Committee may request.
(a) The heads of executive agencies shall, to the extent permitted
by law, provide to the Committee such information as it may require for
the purpose of carrying out its functions.
(b) The co-chairs may, from time to time, invite experts to submit
information to the Committee and may form subcommittees or working
groups within the Committee to review specific issues.
(c) Members of the Committee shall serve without compensation but
shall be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of
subsistence, as authorized by law for persons serving intermittently in
the Government service (5 U.S.C. 5701-5707).
Sec. 4. General. (a) Notwithstanding any other Executive order, the
functions of the President under the Federal Advisory Committee Act, as
amended, except that of reporting to the Congress, that are applicable
to the Committee shall be performed by the Director of the NCO in
accordance with guidelines that have been issued by the Administrator of
General Services.
(b) The Committee shall terminate 2 years from the date of this
order unless extended by the President prior to such date.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
February 11, 1997.
Executive Order 13036 of February 15, 1997
Establishing an Emergency Board To Investigate a Dispute Between
American Airlines and Its Employees Represented by the Allied Pilots
Association
WHEREAS, a dispute exists between American Airlines and its employees
represented by the Allied Pilots Association; and
WHEREAS, the dispute has not heretofore been adjusted under the
provisions of the Railway Labor Act, as amended (45 U.S.C. 151-188) (the
``Act''); and
WHEREAS, in the judgment of the National Mediation Board, this dispute
threatens substantially to interrupt interstate commerce to a degree
that would deprive sections of the country of essential transportation
service,
NOW, THEREFORE, by the authority vested in me as President by the
Constitution and the laws of the United States, including sections 10
and 201 of the Act, 45 U.S.C. 160 and 181, it is hereby ordered as
follows:
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Section 1. Establishment of Emergency Board (``Board''). There is
established, effective February 15, 1997, a Board of three members to be
appointed by the President to investigate this dispute. No member shall
be pecuniarily or otherwise interested in any organization of airline
employees or any air carrier. The Board shall perform its functions
subject to the availability of funds.
Sec. 2. Report. The Board shall report to the President with respect to
the dispute within 30 days of its creation.
Sec. 3. Maintaining Conditions. As provided by section 10 of the Act,
from the date of the creation of the Board and for 30 days after the
Board has submitted its report to the President, no change in the
conditions out of which the dispute arose shall be made by the parties
to the controversy, except by agreement of the parties.
Sec. 4. Records Maintenance. The records and files of the Board are
records of the Office of the President and upon the Board's termination
shall be maintained in the physical custody of the National Mediation
Board.
Sec. 5. Expiration. The Board shall terminate upon the submission of the
report provided for in sections 2 and 3 of this order.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
February 15, 1997.
Executive Order 13037 of March 3, 1997
Commission To Study Capital Budgeting
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America, including the Federal Advisory
Committee Act, as amended (5 U.S.C. App.), it is hereby ordered as
follows:
Section 1. Establishment. There is established the Commission to Study
Capital Budgeting (``Commission''). The Commission shall be bipartisan
and shall be composed of 11 members appointed by the President. The
members of the Commission shall be chosen from among individuals with
expertise in public and private finance, government officials, and
leaders in the labor and business communities. The President shall
designate two co-chairs from among the members of the Commission.
Sec. 2. Functions. The Commission shall report on the following:
(a) Capital budgeting practices in other countries, in State and
local governments in this country, and in the private sector;
the differences and similarities in their capital budgeting
concepts and processes; and the pertinence of their capital
budgeting practices for budget decisionmaking and accounting for
actual budget outcomes by the Federal Government;
(b) The appropriate definition of capital for Federal budgeting,
including: use of capital for the Federal Government itself or
the economy at large; ownership by the Federal Government or
some other entity; defense and nondefense capital; physical
capital and intangible or
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human capital; distinctions among
investments in and for current, future, and retired workers;
distinctions between capital to increase productivity and
capital to enhance the quality of life; and existing definitions
of capital for budgeting;
(c) The role of depreciation in capital budgeting, and the concept
and measurement of depreciation for purposes of a Federal
capital budget; and
(d) The effect of a Federal capital budget on budgetary choices
between capital and noncapital means of achieving public
objectives; implications for macroeconomic stability; and
potential mechanisms for budgetary discipline.
Sec. 3. Report. The Commission shall adopt its report through majority
vote of its full membership. The Commission shall report to the National
Economic Council by March 15, 1998, or within 1 year from its first
meeting.
Sec. 4. Administration. (a) Members of the Commission shall serve
without compensation for their work on the Commission. While engaged in
the work of the Commission, members appointed from among private
citizens of the United States may be allowed travel expenses, including
per diem in lieu of subsistence, as authorized by law for persons
serving intermittently in the Government service (5 U.S.C. 5701-5707).
(b) The Department of the Treasury shall provide the Commission with
funding and administrative support. The Commission may have a paid
staff, including detailees from Federal agencies. The Secretary of the
Treasury shall perform the functions of the President under the Federal
Advisory Committee Act, as amended (5 U.S.C. App.), except that of
reporting to the Congress, in accordance with the guidelines and
procedures established by the Administrator of General Services.
Sec. 5. General Provisions. The Commission shall terminate 30 days after
submitting its report.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
March 3, 1997.
Executive Order 13038 of March 11, 1997
Advisory Committee on Public Interest Obligations of Digital Television
Broadcasters
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America, including the Federal Advisory
Committee Act, as amended (5 U.S.C. App.) (the ``Act''), and in order to
establish an advisory committee on the public interest obligations of
digital television broadcasters, it is hereby ordered as follows:
Section 1. Establishment. There is established the ``Advisory Committee
on the Public Interest Obligations of Digital Television Broadcasters''
(``Committee''). The Committee shall consist of not more than 15 members
appointed by the President. Members shall be chosen from the private
sector,
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including members of the commercial and noncommercial
broadcasting industry, computer industries, producers, academic
institutions, public interest organizations, and the advertising
community. The President shall designate a Chair from among the members
of the Committee.
Sec. 2. Functions. On or before June 1, 1998, the Committee shall report
to the Vice President on the public interest obligations digital
television broadcasters should assume. For the purpose of carrying out
its functions the Committee may, in consultation with the Assistant
Secretary of Commerce for Communications and Information, hold meetings
at such times and places as the Committee may find advisable.
Sec. 3. Administration. (a) To the extent permitted by law, the heads of
executive departments, agencies, and independent instrumentalities shall
provide the Committee, upon request, with such information as it may
require for the purpose of carrying out its functions.
(b) Upon request of the Chair of the Committee, the head of any
executive department, agency, or instrumentality shall, to the extent
permitted by law and subject to the discretion of such head, (1) make
any of the facilities and services of such department, agency, or
instrumentality available to the Committee; and (2) detail any of the
personnel of such department, agency, or instrumentality to the
Committee to assist the Committee in carrying out its duties.
(c) Members of the Committee shall serve without compensation for
their work on the Committee. While engaged in the work of the Committee,
members appointed from the private sector may be allowed travel
expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, as authorized by
law and as the Chair, in consultation with the Assistant Secretary of
Commerce for Communications and Information, may allow as needed, for
persons serving intermittently in the Government service (5 U.S.C. 5701-
5707), to the extent funds are available for such purposes.
(d) To the extent permitted by law and subject to the availability
of appropriations, the Department of Commerce shall provide the
Committee with administrative services, staff, and other support
services necessary for performance of the Committee's functions.
(e) The Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Communications and
Information, or his designee, shall perform the functions of the
President under the Act, except that of reporting to the Congress, in
accordance with the guidelines and procedures established by the
Administrator of General Services.
Sec. 4. General. The Committee shall terminate 30 days after submitting
its report, unless extended by the President.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
March 11, 1997.
[[Page 193]]
Executive Order 13039 of March 11, 1997
Exclusion of the Naval Special Warfare Development Group From the
Federal Labor-Management Relations Program
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America, including section 7103(b)(1) of
title 5 of the United States Code, and having determined that the Naval
Special Warfare Development Group has as a primary function
intelligence, counter-intelligence, investigative, or national security
work and that the provisions of Chapter 71 of title 5 of the United
States Code cannot be applied to this organization in a manner
consistent with national security requirements and considerations,
Executive Order 12171 of November 19, 1979, as amended, is further
amended by adding the following at the end of section 1-205:
``(i) Naval Special Warfare Development Group.''
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
March 11, 1997.
Executive Order 13040 of March 25, 1997
Amendment to Executive Order 13017, Advisory Commission on Consumer
Protection and Quality in the Health Care Industry
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America, and in order to expand membership
and ensure broad-based representation for the Advisory Commission on
Consumer Protection and Quality in the Health Care Industry and to
revise the deadlines for the Commission's submission to the President of
interim and final reports, it is hereby ordered as follows:
Section 1. Section 1(a) of Executive Order 13017 is amended by deleting
the number ``20'' in the second sentence and inserting the number ``32''
in lieu thereof.
Sec. 2. Section 3 of Executive Order 13017 is amended to read as
follows:
L``Sec. 3. Reports. The Commission shall make a preliminary report
to the President by January 31, 1998. A final report shall be submitted
to the President by March 30, 1998.''
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
March 25, 1997.
[[Page 194]]
Executive Order 13041 of April 3, 1997
Further Amendment to Executive Order 13010, as Amended
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America, and in order to add the Assistant
to the President for Economic Policy and the Assistant to the President
and Director, Office of Science and Technology Policy to the Principals
Committee of the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure
Protection (``Commission'') and to extend the life of the Commission for
an additional 90 days, it is hereby ordered that Executive Order 13010,
as amended, is further amended by adding (1) ``(xii) Assistant to the
President for Economic Policy and Director of the National Economic
Council; and (xiii) Assistant to the President and Director of the
Office of Science and Technology Policy.'' to section 2 of that order
and (2) ``and 90 days'' after ``1 year'' in section 6(f) of that order.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
April 3, 1997.
Executive Order 13042 of April 9, 1997
Implementing for the United States Article VIII of the Agreement
Establishing the World Trade Organization Concerning Legal Capacity and
Privileges and Immunities
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America, including section 101(b) of the
Uruguay Round Agreements Act (Public Law 103-465) and section 1 of the
International Organizations Immunities Act (22 U.S.C. 288), I hereby
implement for the United States the provisions of Article VIII of the
Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization.
Section 1. The provisions of the Convention on the Privileges and
Immunities of the Specialized Agencies (U.N. General Assembly Resolution
179 (II) of November 21, 1947, 33 U.N.T.S. 261) shall apply to the World
Trade Organization, its officials, and the representatives of its
members, provided: (1) sections 19(b) and 15, regarding immunity from
taxation, and sections 13(d) and section 20, regarding immunity from
national service obligations, shall not apply to U.S. nationals and
aliens admitted for permanent residence; (2) with respect to section
13(d) and section 19(c), regarding exemption from immigration
restrictions and alien registration requirements, World Trade
Organization officials and representatives of its members shall be
entitled to the same, and no greater, privileges, exemptions, and
immunities as are accorded under similar circumstances to officers and
employees of foreign governments, and members of their families; (3)
with respect to section 9(a) regarding exemption from taxation, such
exemption shall not extend to taxes levied on real property, or that
portion of real property, which is not used for the purposes of the
World Trade Organization. The leasing or renting by the World Trade
Organization of its property to an-
[[Page 195]]
other entity or person to generate
revenue shall not be considered a use for the purposes of the World
Trade Organization. Whether property or portions thereof are used for
the purposes of the World Trade Organization shall be determined within
the sole discretion of the Secretary of State or the Secretary's
designee; (4) with respect to section 25(2)(II) regarding approval of
orders to leave the United States, ``Foreign Minister'' shall mean the
Secretary of State or the Secretary's designee.
Sec. 2. In addition and without impairment to the protections extended
above, having found that the World Trade Organization is a public
international organization in which the United States participates
within the meaning of the International Organizations Immunities Act, I
hereby designate the World Trade Organization as a public international
organization entitled to enjoy the privileges, exemptions, and
immunities conferred by that Act, except that section 6 of that Act,
providing exemption from property tax imposed by, or under the authority
of, any Act of Congress, shall not extend to taxes levied on property,
or that portion of property, that is not used for the purposes of the
World Trade Organization. The leasing or renting by the World Trade
Organization of its property to another entity or person to generate
revenue shall not be considered a use for the purposes of the World
Trade Organization. Whether property or portions thereof are used for
the purposes of the World Trade Organization shall be determined within
the sole discretion of the Secretary of State or the Secretary's
designee. This designation is not intended to abridge in any respect
privileges, exemptions, or immunities that the World Trade Organization
otherwise enjoys or may acquire by international agreements or by
congressional action.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
April 9, 1997.
Executive Order 13043 of April 16, 1997
Increasing Seat Belt Use in the United States
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America, including the Highway Safety Act
of 1966, 23 U.S.C. 402 and 403, as amended, section 7902(c) of title 5,
United States Code, and section 19 of the Occupational Safety and Health
Act of 1970, 29 U.S.C. 668, as amended, and in order to require that
Federal employees use seat belts while on official business; to require
that motor vehicle occupants use seat belts in national park areas and
on Department of Defense (``Defense'') installations; to encourage
Tribal Governments to adopt and enforce seat belt policies and programs
for occupants of motor vehicles traveling on highways in Indian Country;
and to encourage Federal contractors, subcontractors, and grantees to
adopt and enforce on-the-job seat belt use policies and programs, it is
hereby ordered as follows:
Section 1. Policies. (a) Seat Belt Use by Federal Employees. Each
Federal employee occupying any seating position of a motor vehicle on
official business, whose seat is equipped with a seat belt, shall have
the seat belt properly fastened at all times when the vehicle is in
motion.
[[Page 196]]
(b) Seat Belt Use in National Parks and on Defense Installations.
Each operator and passenger occupying any seating position of a motor
vehicle in a national park area or on a Defense installation, whose seat
is equipped with a seat belt or child restraint system, shall have the
seat belt or child restraint system properly fastened, as required by
law, at all times when the vehicle is in motion.
(c) Seat Belt Use by Government Contractors, Subcontractors and
Grantees. Each Federal agency, in contracts, subcontracts, and grants
entered into after the date of this order, shall seek to encourage
contractors, subcontractors, and grantees to adopt and enforce on-the-
job seat belt policies and programs for their employees when operating
company-owned, rented, or personally owned vehicles.
(d) Tribal Governments. Tribal Governments are encouraged to adopt
and enforce seat belt policies and programs for occupants of motor
vehicles traveling on highways in Indian Country that are subject to
their jurisdiction.
Sec. 2. Scope of Order. All agencies of the executive branch are
directed to promulgate rules and take other appropriate measures within
their existing programs to further the policies of this order. This
includes, but is not limited to, conducting education, awareness, and
other appropriate programs for Federal employees about the importance of
wearing seat belts and the consequences of not wearing them. It also
includes encouraging Federal contractors, subcontractors, and grantees
to conduct such programs. In addition, the National Park Service and the
Department of Defense are directed to initiate rulemaking to consider
regulatory changes with respect to enhanced seat belt use requirements
and standard (primary) enforcement of such requirements in national park
areas and on Defense installations, consistent with the policies
outlined in this order, and to widely publicize and actively enforce
such regulations. The term ``agency'' as used in this order means an
Executive department, as defined in 5 U.S.C. 101, or any employing unit
or authority of the Federal Government, other than those of the
legislative and judicial branches.
Sec. 3. Coordination. The Secretary of Transportation shall provide
leadership and guidance to the heads of executive branch agencies to
assist them with the employee seat belt programs established pursuant to
this order. The Secretary of Transportation shall also cooperate and
consult with the legislative and judicial branches of the Government to
encourage and help them to adopt seat belt use programs.
Sec. 4. Reporting Requirements. The Secretary of Transportation, in
cooperation with the heads of executive branch agencies, and after
consultation with the judicial and legislative branches of Government,
shall submit an annual report to the President. The report shall include
seat belt use rates and statistics of crashes, injuries, and related
costs involving Federal employees on official business and occupants of
motor vehicles driven in national park areas, on Defense installations,
and on highways in Indian Country. The report also shall identify
specific agency programs that have made significant progress towards
achieving the goals of this order or are notable and deserving of
recognition. All agencies of the executive branch shall provide
information to, and otherwise cooperate with, the Secretary of
Transportation to assist with the preparation of the annual report.
[[Page 197]]
Sec. 5. Other Powers and Duties. Nothing in this order shall be
construed to impair or alter the powers and duties of the heads of the
various Federal agencies pursuant to the Highway Safety Act of 1966, 23
U.S.C. 402 and 403, as amended, section 19 of the Occupational Safety
and Health Act of 1970, 29 U.S.C. 668, as amended, or sections 7901,
7902, and 7903 of title 5, United States Code, nor shall it be construed
to affect any right, duty, or procedure under the National Labor
Relations Act, 29 U.S.C. 151 et seq.
Sec. 6. General Provisions. (a) Executive Order 12566 of September 26,
1986, is revoked. To the extent that this order is inconsistent with any
provisions of any prior Executive order, this order shall control.
(b) If any provision of this order or application of any such
provision is held to be invalid, the remainder of this order and other
applications of such provision shall not be affected.
(c) Nothing in this order shall be construed to create a new cause
of action against the United States, or to alter in any way the United
States liability under the Federal Tort Claims Act, 28 U.S.C. 2671-2680.
(d) The Secretary of Defense shall implement the provisions of this
order insofar as practicable for vehicles of the Department of Defense.
(e) The Secretary of the Treasury and the Attorney General,
consistent with their protective and law enforcement responsibilities,
shall determine the extent to which the requirements of this order apply
to the protective and law enforcement activities of their respective
agencies.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
April 16, 1997.
Executive Order 13044 of April 18, 1997
Amending Executive Order 12752, Implementation of the Agricultural Trade
Development and Assistance Act of 1954, as Amended, and the Food for
Progress Act of 1985, as Amended
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America, and in order to provide for
carrying out the provisions of the Agricultural Trade Development and
Assistance Act of 1954, as amended by Public Law 101-624 (7 U.S.C. 1691
et seq.), it is hereby ordered that:
1) The first sentence of section 1(a) of Executive Order 12752 be
amended by deleting the words ``developing countries'' and
inserting the words ``developing countries and private
entities'' in lieu thereof;
2) Sections 4(a) and (c) be deleted; and
[[Page 198]]
3) Sections 4(b), (d), (e), (f), and (g) be renumbered as sections
4(a), (b), (c), (d), and (e), respectively.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
April 18, 1997.
Executive Order 13045 of April 21, 1997
Protection of Children From Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered as follows:
Section 1. Policy.
1-101. A growing body of scientific knowledge demonstrates that
children may suffer disproportionately from environmental health risks
and safety risks. These risks arise because: children's neurological,
immunological, digestive, and other bodily systems are still developing;
children eat more food, drink more fluids, and breathe more air in
proportion to their body weight than adults; children's size and weight
may diminish their protection from standard safety features; and
children's behavior patterns may make them more susceptible to accidents
because they are less able to protect themselves. Therefore, to the
extent permitted by law and appropriate, and consistent with the
agency's mission, each Federal agency:
(a) shall make it a high priority to identify and assess
environmental health risks and safety risks that may
disproportionately affect children; and
(b) shall ensure that its policies, programs, activities, and
standards address disproportionate risks to children that result
from environmental health risks or safety risks.
1-102. Each independent regulatory agency is encouraged to
participate in the implementation of this order and comply with its
provisions.
Sec. 2. Definitions. The following definitions shall apply to this
order.
2-201. ``Federal agency'' means any authority of the United States
that is an agency under 44 U.S.C. 3502(1) other than those considered to
be independent regulatory agencies under 44 U.S.C. 3502(5). For purposes
of this order, ``military departments,'' as defined in 5 U.S.C. 102, are
covered under the auspices of the Department of Defense.
2-202. ``Covered regulatory action'' means any substantive action in
a rulemaking, initiated after the date of this order or for which a
Notice of Proposed Rulemaking is published 1 year after the date of this
order, that is likely to result in a rule that may:
(a) be ``economically significant'' under Executive Order 12866 (a
rulemaking that has an annual effect on the economy of $100
million or more or would adversely affect in a material way the
economy, a sector of the economy, productivity, competition, jobs,
the envi-
[[Page 199]]
ronment, public health or safety, or State, local, or
tribal governments or communities); and
(b) concern an environmental health risk or safety risk that an
agency has reason to believe may disproportionately affect
children.
2-203. ``Environmental health risks and safety risks'' mean risks to
health or to safety that are attributable to products or substances that
the child is likely to come in contact with or ingest (such as the air
we breath, the food we eat, the water we drink or use for recreation,
the soil we live on, and the products we use or are exposed to).
Sec. 3. Task Force on Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks to
Children.
3-301. There is hereby established the Task Force on Environmental
Health Risks and Safety Risks to Children (``Task Force'').
3-302. The Task Force will report to the President in consultation
with the Domestic Policy Council, the National Science and Technology
Council, the Council on Environmental Quality, and the Office of
Management and Budget (OMB).
3-303. Membership. The Task Force shall be composed of the:
(a) Secretary of Health and Human Services, who shall serve as a
Co-Chair of the Council;
(b) Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, who
shall serve as a Co-Chair of the Council;
(c) Secretary of Education;
(d) Secretary of Labor;
(e) Attorney General;
(f) Secretary of Energy;
(g) Secretary of Housing and Urban Development;
(h) Secretary of Agriculture;
(i) Secretary of Transportation;
(j) Director of the Office of Management and Budget;
(k) Chair of the Council on Environmental Quality;
(l) Chair of the Consumer Product Safety Commission;
(m) Assistant to the President for Economic Policy;
(n) Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy;
(o) Assistant to the President and Director of the Office of
Science and Technology Policy;
(p) Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers; and
(q) Such other officials of executive departments and agencies as
the President may, from time to time, designate.
Members of the Task Force may delegate their responsibilities under this
order to subordinates.
3-304. Functions. The Task Force shall recommend to the President
Federal strategies for children's environmental health and safety,
within the limits of the Administration's budget, to include the
following elements:
[[Page 200]]
(a) statements of principles, general policy, and targeted annual
priorities to guide the Federal approach to achieving the goals of
this order;
(b) a coordinated research agenda for the Federal Government,
including steps to implement the review of research databases
described in section 4 of this order;
(c) recommendations for appropriate partnerships among Federal,
State, local, and tribal governments and the private, academic,
and nonprofit sectors;
(d) proposals to enhance public outreach and communication to
assist families in evaluating risks to children and in making
informed consumer choices;
(e) an identification of high-priority initiatives that the
Federal Government has undertaken or will undertake in advancing
protection of children's environmental health and safety; and
(f) a statement regarding the desirability of new legislation to
fulfill or promote the purposes of this order.
3-305. The Task Force shall prepare a biennial report on research,
data, or other information that would enhance our ability to understand,
analyze, and respond to environmental health risks and safety risks to
children. For purposes of this report, cabinet agencies and other
agencies identified by the Task Force shall identify and specifically
describe for the Task Force key data needs related to environmental
health risks and safety risks to children that have arisen in the course
of the agency's programs and activities. The Task Force shall
incorporate agency submissions into its report and ensure that this
report is publicly available and widely disseminated. The Office of
Science and Technology Policy and the National Science and Technology
Council shall ensure that this report is fully considered in
establishing research priorities.
3-306. The Task Force shall exist for a period of 4 years from the
first meeting. At least 6 months prior to the expiration of that period,
the member agencies shall assess the need for continuation of the Task
Force or its functions, and make appropriate recommendations to the
President.
Sec. 4. Research Coordination and Integration.
4-401. Within 6 months of the date of this order, the Task Force
shall develop or direct to be developed a review of existing and planned
data resources and a proposed plan for ensuring that researchers and
Federal research agencies have access to information on all research
conducted or funded by the Federal Government that is related to adverse
health risks in children resulting from exposure to environmental health
risks or safety risks. The National Science and Technology Council shall
review the plan.
4-402. The plan shall promote the sharing of information on academic
and private research. It shall include recommendations to encourage that
such data, to the extent permitted by law, is available to the public,
the scientific and academic communities, and all Federal agencies.
Sec. 5. Agency Environmental Health Risk or Safety Risk Regulations.
5-501. For each covered regulatory action submitted to OMB's Office
of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) for review pursuant to
Executive Order 12866, the issuing agency shall provide to OIRA the
following infor-
[[Page 201]]
mation developed as part of the agency's decisionmaking
process, unless prohibited by law:
(a) an evaluation of the environmental health or safety effects of
the planned regulation on children; and
(b) an explanation of why the planned regulation is preferable to
other potentially effective and reasonably feasible alternatives
considered by the agency.
5-502. In emergency situations, or when an agency is obligated by
law to act more quickly than normal review procedures allow, the agency
shall comply with the provisions of this section to the extent
practicable. For those covered regulatory actions that are governed by a
court-imposed or statutory deadline, the agency shall, to the extent
practicable, schedule any rulemaking proceedings so as to permit
sufficient time for completing the analysis required by this section.
5-503. The analysis required by this section may be included as part
of any other required analysis, and shall be made part of the
administrative record for the covered regulatory action or otherwise
made available to the public, to the extent permitted by law.
Sec. 6. Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics.
6-601. The Director of the OMB (``Director'') shall convene an
Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics (``Forum''), which will
include representatives from the appropriate Federal statistics and
research agencies. The Forum shall produce an annual compendium
(``Report'') of the most important indicators of the well-being of the
Nation's children.
6-602. The Forum shall determine the indicators to be included in
each Report and identify the sources of data to be used for each
indicator. The Forum shall provide an ongoing review of Federal
collection and dissemination of data on children and families, and shall
make recommendations to improve the coverage and coordination of data
collection and to reduce duplication and overlap.
6-603. The Report shall be published by the Forum in collaboration
with the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. The
Forum shall present the first annual Report to the President, through
the Director, by July 31, 1997. The Report shall be submitted annually
thereafter, using the most recently available data.
Sec. 7. General Provisions.
7-701. This order is intended only for internal management of the
executive branch. This order is not intended, and should not be
construed to create, any right, benefit, or trust responsibility,
substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or equity by a party
against the United States, its agencies, its officers, or its employees.
This order shall not be construed to create any right to judicial review
involving the compliance or noncompliance with this order by the United
States, its agencies, its officers, or any other person.
7-702. Executive Order 12606 of September 2, 1987 is revoked.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
April 21, 1997.
[[Page 202]]
Executive Order 13046 of May 16, 1997
Further Amendment to Executive Order 12975, Extension of the National
Bioethics Advisory Commission
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America, and in order to extend the term of
the National Bioethics Advisory Commission, it is hereby ordered that
section 7(b) of Executive Order 12975 further is amended to read, ``NBAC
shall terminate on October 3, 1999, unless extended by the President
prior to that date.''
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
May 16, 1997.
Executive Order 13047 of May 20, 1997
Prohibiting New Investment in Burma
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America, including section 570 of the
Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs
Appropriations Act, 1997 (Public Law 104-208) (the ``Act''), the
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.)
(IEEPA), the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), and
section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code;
I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of America, hereby
determine and certify that, for purposes of section 570(b) of the Act,
the Government of Burma has committed large-scale repression of the
democratic opposition in Burma after September 30, 1996, and further
determine that the actions and policies of the Government of Burma
constitute an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security
and foreign policy of the United States and declare a national emergency
to deal with that threat.
Section 1. Except to the extent provided in regulations, orders,
directives, or licenses that may be issued in conformity with section
570 of the Act and pursuant to this order, I hereby prohibit new
investment in Burma by United States persons.
Sec. 2. The following are also prohibited, except to the extent provided
in section 203(b) of IEEPA (50 U.S.C. 1702(b)) or in regulations,
orders, directives, or licenses that may be issued pursuant to this
order:
(a) any approval or other facilitation by a United States person,
wherever located, of a transaction by a foreign person where the
transaction would constitute new investment in Burma prohibited by this
order if engaged in by a United States person or within the United
States; and
(b) any transaction by a United States person or within the United
States that evades or avoids, or has the purpose of evading or avoiding,
or attempts to violate, any of the prohibitions set forth in this order.
[[Page 203]]
Sec. 3. Nothing in this order shall be construed to prohibit the entry
into, performance of, or financing of a contract to sell or purchase
goods, services, or technology, except:
(a) where the entry into such contract on or after the effective
date of this order is for the general supervision and guarantee of
another person's performance of a contract for the economic development
of resources located in Burma; or
(b) where such contract provides for payment, in whole or in part,
in:
(i) shares of ownership, including an equity interest, in the
economic development of resources located in Burma; or
(ii) participation in royalties, earnings, or profits in the
economic development of resources located in Burma.
Sec. 4. For the purposes of this order:
(a) the term ``person'' means an individual or entity;
(b) the term ``entity'' means a partnership, association, trust,
joint venture, corporation, or other organization;
(c) the term ``United States person'' means any United States
citizen, permanent resident alien, juridical person organized under the
laws of the United States (including foreign branches), or any person in
the United States;
(d) the term ``new investment'' means any of the following
activities, if such an activity is undertaken pursuant to an agreement,
or pursuant to the exercise of rights under such an agreement, that is
entered into with the Government of Burma or a nongovernmental entity in
Burma on or after the effective date of this order:
(i) the entry into a contract that includes the economic
development of resources located in Burma;
(ii) the entry into a contract providing for the general
supervision and guarantee of another person's performance of a
contract that includes the economic development of resources
located in Burma;
(iii) the purchase of a share of ownership, including an equity
interest, in the economic development of resources located in
Burma; or
(iv) the entry into a contract providing for the participation in
royalties, earnings, or profits in the economic development of
resources located in Burma, without regard to the form of the
participation;
(e) the term ``resources located in Burma'' means any resources,
including natural, agricultural, commercial, financial, industrial, and
human resources, located within the territory of Burma, including the
territorial sea, or located within the exclusive economic zone or
continental shelf of Burma;
(f) the term ``economic development of resources located in Burma''
shall not be construed to include not-for-profit educational, health, or
other humanitarian programs or activities.
Sec. 5. I hereby delegate to the Secretary of State the functions vested
in me under section 570(c) and (d) of the Act, to be exercised in
consultation with the heads of other agencies of the United States
Government as appropriate.
[[Page 204]]
Sec. 6. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the
Secretary of State, is hereby authorized to take such actions, including
the promulgation of rules and regulations, and to employ all powers
granted to me by section 570(b) of the Act and by IEEPA, as may be
necessary to carry out the purposes of this order. The Secretary of the
Treasury may redelegate the authority set forth in this order to other
officers and agencies of the United States Government. All agencies of
the United States Government are hereby directed to take all appropriate
measures within their authority to carry out the provisions of this
order.
Sec. 7. Nothing contained in this order shall create any right or
benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable by any party against the
United States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers or
employees, or any other person.
Sec. 8. (a) This order shall take effect at 12:01 a.m., eastern daylight
time, May 21, 1997.
(b) This order shall be transmitted to the Congress and published in
the Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
May 20, 1997.
Executive Order 13048 of June 10, 1997
Improving Administrative Management in the Executive Branch
Improvement of Government operations is a continuing process that
benefits from interagency activities. One group dedicated to such
activities is the President's Council on Management Improvement (PCMI),
established by Executive Order 12479 in 1984, reestablished by Executive
Order 12816 in 1992. In the intervening years, some activities of the
PCMI have been assumed by the President's Management Council, the Chief
Financial Officers Council, and the Chief Information Officers Council.
These organizations are also focussed on improving agencies' use of
quality management principles. Other functions have been assigned to
individual agencies. Nonetheless, remaining administrative management
matters deserve attention across agency lines.
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America and in order to improve agency
administrative and management practices throughout the executive branch,
I hereby direct the following:
Section 1. Interagency Council on Administrative Management.
(a) Purpose and Membership. An Interagency Council on Administrative
Management (``Council'') is established as an interagency coordination
mechanism. The Council shall be composed of the Deputy Director for
Management of the Office of Management and Budget, who shall serve as
Chair, and one senior administrative management official from each of
the following agencies:
[[Page 205]]
1. Department of State;
2. Department of the Treasury;
3. Department of Defense;
4. Department of Justice;
5. Department of the Interior;
6. Department of Agriculture;
7. Department of Commerce;
8. Department of Labor;
9. Department of Health and Human Services;
10. Department of Housing and Urban Development;
11. Department of Transportation;
12. Department of Energy;
13. Department of Education;
14. Department of Veterans Affairs;
15. Environmental Protection Agency;
16. Federal Emergency Management Agency;
17. Central Intelligence Agency;
18. Small Business Administration;
19. Department of the Army;
20. Department of the Navy;
21. Department of the Air Force;
22. National Aeronautics and Space Administration;
23. Agency for International Development;
24. General Services Administration;
25. National Science Foundation; and
26. Office of Personnel Management.
Department and agency heads shall advise the Chair of their selections
for membership on the Council. Council membership shall also include
representatives of the Chief Financial Officers Council, the Chief
Information Officers Council, the Federal Procurement Council, the
Interagency Advisory Group of Federal Personnel Directors, and the Small
Agency Council, as well as at-large members appointed by the Chair, as
he deems appropriate. The Chair shall invite representatives of the
Social Security Administration to participate in the Council's work, as
appropriate. The Council shall select a Vice Chair from among the
Council's membership.
(b) The Council shall plan, promote, and recommend improvements in
Government administration and operations and provide advice to the Chair
on matters pertaining to the administrative management of the Federal
Government. The Council shall:
(1) explore opportunities for more effective use of Government
resources;
[[Page 206]]
(2) support activities and initiatives of the President's
Management Council, the Chief Financial Officers Council, the
Chief Information Officers Council, the Federal Procurement
Council, and the Interagency Advisory Group of Federal Personnel
Directors designed to develop, review, revise, and implement
Governmentwide administrative management policies; and
(3) identify successful administrative management practices,
including quality management practices, and assist in their
Governmentwide dissemination and implementation.
Sec. 2. Responsibilities of the Chair. The Chair or, if the Chair
chooses, the Vice Chair shall:
(1) convene meetings of the Council;
(2) preside at formal council meetings;
(3) establish committees or working groups of the Council, as
necessary for efficient conduct of Council functions; and
(4) appoint, to the extent permitted by law and consistent with
personnel practices, other full-time officers or employees of
the Federal Government to the Council as at-large members for
specific terms, not exceeding 2 years, to provide expertise to
the Council.
Sec. 3. Responsibilities of Agency Heads. To the extent permitted by
law, heads of departments or agencies represented on the Council shall
provide their representatives with administrative support needed to
support Council activities.
Sec. 4. Judicial Review. This order is for the internal management of
the executive branch and does not create any right or benefit,
substantive or procedural, enforceable by a party against the United
States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers or employees, or
any other person.
Sec. 5. Revocation. Executive Order 12816 (creating the President's
Council on Management Improvement), Executive Order 12552 (establishing
the executive branch productivity improvement program) and Executive
Order 12637 (revising the executive branch productivity improvement
program) are revoked.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
June 10, 1997.
Executive Order 13049 of June 11, 1997
Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America, including section 1 of the
International Organizations Immunities Act (22 U.S.C. 288), and having
found that the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons is a
public international organization in which the United States
participates within the
[[Page 207]]
meaning of the International Organization
Immunities Act, I hereby designate the Organization for the Prohibition
of Chemical Weapons as a public international organization entitled to
enjoy the privileges, exemptions, and immunities conferred by the
International Organizations Immunities Act. This designation is not
intended to abridge in any respect privileges, exemptions, or immunities
that such organization may have acquired or may acquire by international
agreements, including the Chemical Weapons Convention, or by
congressional action.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
June 11, 1997.
Executive Order 13050 of June 13, 1997
President's Advisory Board on Race
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America, including the Federal Advisory
Committee Act, as amended (5 U.S.C. App.), and in order to establish a
President's Advisory Board on Race, it is hereby ordered as follows:
Section 1. Establishment. (a) There is established the President's
Advisory Board on Race. The Advisory Board shall comprise 7 members from
outside the Federal Government to be appointed by the President. Members
shall each have substantial experience and expertise in the areas to be
considered by the Advisory Board. Members shall be representative of the
diverse perspectives in the areas to be considered by the Advisory
Board.
(b) The President shall designate a Chairperson from among the
members of the Advisory Board.
Sec. 2. Functions. (a) The Advisory Board shall advise the President on
matters involving race and racial reconciliation, including ways in
which the President can:
(1) Promote a constructive national dialogue to confront and work
through challenging issues that surround race;
(2) Increase the Nation's understanding of our recent history of
race relations and the course our Nation is charting on issues of race
relations and racial diversity;
(3) Bridge racial divides by encouraging leaders in communities
throughout the Nation to develop and implement innovative approaches to
calming racial tensions;
(4) Identify, develop, and implement solutions to problems in
areas in which race has a substantial impact, such as education,
economic opportunity, housing, health care, and the administration of
justice.
(b) The Advisory Board also shall advise on such other matters as
from time to time the President may refer to the Board.
(c) In carrying out its functions, the Advisory Board shall
coordinate with the staff of the President's Initiative on Race.
[[Page 208]]
Sec. 3. Administration. (a) To the extent permitted by law and subject
to the availability of appropriations, the Department of Justice shall
provide the financial and administrative support for the Advisory Board.
(b) The heads of executive agencies shall, to the extent permitted
by law, provide to the Advisory Board such information as it may require
for the purpose of carrying out its functions.
(c) The Chairperson may, from time to time, invite experts to submit
information to the Advisory Board and may form subcommittees or working
groups within the Advisory Board to review specific matters.
(d) Members of the Advisory Board shall serve without compensation
but shall be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of
subsistence, as authorized by law for persons serving intermittently in
the Government service (5 U.S.C. 5701-5707).
Sec. 4. General. (a) Notwithstanding any other Executive order, the
functions of the President under the Federal Advisory Committee Act, as
amended, except that of reporting to the Congress, that are applicable
to the Advisory Board shall be performed by the Attorney General, or his
or her designee, in accordance with guidelines that have been issued by
the Administrator of General Services.
(b) The Advisory Board shall terminate on September 30, 1998, unless
extended by the President prior to such date.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
June 13, 1997.
Executive Order 13051 of June 24, 1997
Internal Revenue Service Management Board
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America, including 31 U.S.C. 301 and 26
U.S.C. 7801(a), and in order to establish a permanent oversight board to
assist the Secretary of the Treasury (``Secretary'') in ensuring
effective management of the Internal Revenue Service, it is hereby
ordered as follows:
Section 1. Establishment. (a) There is hereby established within the
Department of the Treasury the Internal Revenue Service Management Board
(``Board'').
(b) The Board shall consist of:
(1) the Deputy Secretary of the Treasury, who shall serve as Chair
of the Board;
(2) the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury (Management) and the
Chief Financial Officer, who shall serve as Vice Chairs;
(3) the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury (Tax Policy);
(4) the Under Secretary of the Treasury (Enforcement);
(5) the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Treasury (Departmental
Finance and Management);
[[Page 209]]
(6) the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Treasury (Information
Systems)/Chief Information Officer;
(7) the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury (Legislative Affairs
and Public Liaison);
(8) the General Counsel for the Department of the Treasury;
(9) the Director, Office of Security, Department of the Treasury;
(10) the Senior Procurement Executive for the Department of the
Treasury;
(11) the Commissioner of Internal Revenue;
(12) the Deputy Commissioner of Internal Revenue;
(13) the Associate Commissioner of Internal Revenue for
Modernization/Chief Information Officer of the Internal Revenue
Service;
(14) the Deputy Director for Management, Office of Management and
Budget;
(15) the Administrator for Federal Procurement Policy, Office of
Management and Budget;
(16) a representative of the Office of the Vice President
designated by the Vice President;
(17) a representative of the Office of Management and Budget
designated by the Director of such office;
(18) a representative of the Office of Personnel Management
designated by the Director of such office;
(19) representatives of such other Government agencies as may be
determined from time to time by the Secretary of the Treasury,
designated by the head of such agency; and
(20) such other officers or employees of the Department of the
Treasury as may be designated by the Secretary.
(c) A member of the Board described in paragraphs (16) through (20)
of subsection (b) may be removed by the official who designated such
member.
(d) The Board may seek the views, consistent with 18 U.S.C. 205, of
Internal Revenue Service employee representatives on matters considered
by the Board under section 3 of this order.
Sec. 2. Structure. There shall be an Executive Committee of the full
Board, the members of which shall be appointed by the Secretary.
Sec. 3. Functions. (a) The Board shall directly support the Secretary's
oversight of the management and operation of the Internal Revenue
Service. This includes:
(1) working through the Deputy Secretary, assisting the Secretary
on the full range of high-level management issues and concerns affecting
the Internal Revenue Service, particularly those that have a significant
impact on operations, modernization, and customer service.
(2) acting through the Executive Committee, serving as the primary
review for strategic decisions concerning modernization of the Internal
Revenue Service, including modernization direction, strategy,
significant reorganization plans, performance metrics, budgetary issues,
major capital investments, and compensation of personnel.
[[Page 210]]
(b) The Board shall meet at least monthly and shall prescribe such
bylaws or procedures as the Board deems appropriate.
(c) The Board shall prepare semiannual reports to the President and
to the Congress, which shall be transmitted by the Secretary of the
Treasury.
Sec. 4. Administration. To the extent permitted by law and subject to
the availability of appropriations, the Secretary shall provide the
Board administrative services, facilities, staff, and such other
financial support services as may be necessary for the performance of
its functions under this order.
Sec. 5. Judicial Review. This order is intended only to improve the
internal management of the Internal Revenue Service and is not intended,
and shall not be construed, to create any right or benefit, substantive
or procedural, enforceable at law by a party against the United States,
its agencies, its officers, or its employees.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
June 24, 1997.
Executive Order 13052 of June 30, 1997
Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America, including S. 342, an Act to extend
certain privileges, exemptions, and immunities to Hong Kong Economic and
Trade Offices, which I signed into law on June 27, 1997, I hereby extend
to the Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices the privileges, exemptions,
and immunities provided by the International Organizations Immunities
Act (22 U.S.C. 288 et seq.), and Article I of the Agreement on State and
Local Taxation of Foreign Employees of Public International
Organizations (T.I.A.S. 12135). This order is not intended to abridge in
any respect privileges, exemptions, or immunities that the Hong Kong
Economic and Trade Offices may have acquired or may acquire by
international agreements or by congressional action.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
June 30, 1997.
Executive Order 13053 of June 30, 1997
Adding Members to and Extending the President's Council on Sustainable
Development
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America, and in order to amend Executive
Order 12852 for various purposes, it is hereby ordered that Executive
Order 12852, as amended, is further amended by deleting the number
``29'' from
[[Page 211]]
section 1 and inserting the number ``35'' in lieu thereof;
by deleting from section 3(d) and 4(a) the text ``Department of the
Interior'' and inserting in lieu thereof the following text:
``Department of Energy''; and by deleting from section 4(b) the text
``June 29, 1997'' and inserting in lieu thereof the following text:
``February 28, 1999.''
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
June 30, 1997.
Executive Order 13054 of July 7, 1997
Eligibility of Certain Overseas Employees for Noncompetitive
Appointments
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America, including sections 3301 and 3302
of title 5 and section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code, and in
order to permit certain overseas employees to acquire competitive status
upon returning to the United States, it is hereby ordered as follows:
Section 1. A United States citizen who is a family member of a Federal
civilian employee and who has separated from Federal service to accept
employment with the American Institute in Taiwan pursuant to section 11
of Public Law 96-8 (93 Stat. 18, 22 U.S.C. 3310(a)) may be appointed
noncompetitively, in accordance with Executive Order 12721 and
implementing regulations of the Office of Personnel Management, to a
competitive service position in the executive branch, provided such
family member meets the qualifications and other requirements
established by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management,
including an appropriate period of satisfactory overseas employment with
the American Institute in Taiwan.
Sec. 2. The Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall
prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to implement this order.
Sec. 3. This order shall be effective upon publication in the Federal
Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
July 7, 1997.
Executive Order 13055 of July 15, 1997
Coordination of United States Government International Exchanges and
Training Programs
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America, and in order to improve the
coordination of United States Government International Exchanges and
Training Programs, it is hereby ordered as follows:
[[Page 212]]
Section 1. There is hereby established within the United States
Information Agency a senior-level Interagency Working Group on United
States Government-Sponsored International Exchanges and Training (``the
Working Group''). The purpose of the Working Group is to recommend to
the President measures for improving the coordination, efficiency, and
effectiveness of United States Government-sponsored international
exchanges and training. The Working Group shall establish a
clearinghouse to improve data collection and analysis of international
exchanges and training.
Sec. 2. The term ``Government-sponsored international exchanges and
training'' shall mean the movement of people between countries to
promote the sharing of ideas, to develop skills, and to foster mutual
understanding and cooperation, financed wholly or in part, directly or
indirectly, with United States Government funds.
Sec. 3. The Working Group shall consist of the Associate Director for
Educational and Cultural Affairs of the United States Information
Agency, who shall act as Chair, and a comparable senior representative
appointed by the respective Secretary of each of the Departments of
State, Defense, Education, and the Attorney General, by the
Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development,
and by heads of other interested executive departments and agencies. In
addition, representatives of the National Security Council and the
Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall participate in the
Working Group at their discretion. The Working Group shall be supported
by an interagency staff office established in the Bureau of Education
and Cultural Affairs of the United States Information Agency.
Sec. 4. The Working Group shall have the following responsibilities:
(a) Collect, analyze, and report data provided by all United States
Government departments and agencies conducting international exchanges
and training programs;
(b) Promote greater understanding of and cooperation on, among
concerned United States Government departments and agencies, common
issues and challenges faced in conducting international exchanges and
training programs, including through the establishment of a
clearinghouse for information on international exchange and training
activities in the governmental and nongovernmental sectors;
(c) In order to achieve the most efficient and cost-effective use of
Federal resources, identify administrative and programmatic duplication
and overlap of activities by the various United States Government
agencies involved in Government-sponsored international exchange and
training programs, and report thereon;
(d) No later than 1 year from the date of this order, develop
initially and thereafter assess annually a coordinated strategy for all
United States Government-sponsored international exchange and training
programs, and issue a report on such strategy;
(e) No later than 2 years from the date of this order, develop
recommendations on performance measures for all United States
Government-sponsored international exchange and training programs, and
issue a report thereon; and
[[Page 213]]
(f) Develop strategies for expanding public and private partnerships
in, and leveraging private sector support for, United States Government-
sponsored international exchange and training activities.
Sec. 5. All reports prepared by the Working Group pursuant to section 4
shall be made to the President, through the Director of the United
States Information Agency.
Sec. 6. The Working Group shall meet on at least a quarterly basis.
Sec. 7. Any expenses incurred by a member of the Working Group in
connection with such member's service on the Working Group shall be
borne by the member's respective department or agency.
Sec. 8. If any member of the Working Group disagrees with respect to any
matter in any report prepared pursuant to section 4, such member may
prepare a statement setting forth the reasons for such disagreement and
such statement shall be appended to, and considered a part of, the
report.
Sec. 9. Nothing in this Executive order is intended to alter the
authorities and responsibilities of the head of any department or
agency.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
July 15, 1997.
Executive Order 13056 of July 21, 1997
Further Amendment to Executive Order 13017, Advisory Commission on
Consumer Protection and Quality in the Health Care Industry
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America, and in order to add an additional
two members to the Advisory Commission on Consumer Protection and
Quality in the Health Care Industry, it is hereby ordered as follows:
Section 1(a) of Executive Order 13017, as amended, is further amended by
deleting the number ``32'' in the second sentence and inserting the
number ``34'' in lieu thereof.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
July 21, 1997.
Executive Order 13057 of July 26, 1997
Federal Actions in the Lake Tahoe Region
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America, and in order to ensure that
Federal agency actions protect the extraordinary natural, recreational,
and ecological re-
[[Page 214]]
sources in the Lake Tahoe Region (``Region'') (as
defined by Public Law 91-148), an area of national concern, it is hereby
ordered as follows:
Section 1. Tahoe Federal Interagency Partnership.
1-101. The Federal agencies and departments having principal
management or jurisdictional authorities in the Lake Tahoe Region are
directed to establish a Federal Interagency Partnership on the Lake
Tahoe Ecosystem (``Partnership'').
1-102. Members of the Partnership shall include the Secretary of
Agriculture, the Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of
Transportation, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency, the Secretary of the Army, and the heads of any other Federal
agencies operating in the Region that choose to participate.
Representation on the Partnership may be delegated. The Partnership
shall be chaired by the Secretary of Agriculture for the first year
after its establishment. The Chair of the Partnership shall thereafter
be rotated among the members on an annual basis.
1-103. The Partnership will:
L(a) facilitate coordination of Federal programs, projects, and
activities within the Lake Tahoe Region and promotion of consistent
policies and strategies to address the Region's environmental and
economic concerns;
L(b) encourage Federal agencies within the Region to coordinate and
share resources and data, avoid unnecessary duplication of Federal
efforts, and eliminate inefficiencies in Federal action to the greatest
extent feasible;
L(c) ensure that Federal agencies closely coordinate with the States of
California and Nevada and appropriate tribal or local government
entities to facilitate the achievement of desired terrestrial and
aquatic ecosystem conditions and the enhancement of recreation, tourism,
and other economic opportunities within the Region;
L(d) support appropriate regional programs and studies needed to attain
environmental threshold standards for water quality, transportation, air
quality, vegetation, soils (stream environment zone restoration),
wildlife habitat, fish habitat, scenic resources, recreation, and noise;
L(e) encourage the development of appropriate public, private, and
tribal partnerships for the restoration and management of the Lake Tahoe
ecosystem and the health of the local economy;
L(f) support appropriate actions to improve the water quality of Lake
Tahoe through all appropriate means, including restoration of
shorelines, streams, riparian zones, wetlands, and other parts of the
watershed; management of uses of the lake; and control of airborne and
other sources of contaminants;
L(g) encourage the development of appropriate vegetative management
actions necessary to attain a healthy Lake Tahoe ecosystem, including a
program of revegetation, road maintenance, obliteration, and promotion
of forest health;
L(h) support appropriate regional transportation and air quality goals,
programs, and studies for the Region;
[[Page 215]]
L(i) support appropriate fisheries and wildlife habitat restoration
programs for the Region, including programs for endangered species and
uncommon species;
L(j) facilitate coordination of research and monitoring activities for
purposes of developing a common natural resources data base and
geographic information system capability, in cooperation with
appropriate regional and local colleges and universities;
L(k) support development of and communication about appropriate
recreation plans and programs, appropriate scenic quality improvement
programs, and recognition for traditional Washoe tribal uses;
L(l) support regional partnership efforts to inform the public of the
values of managing the Lake Tahoe Region to achieve environmental and
economic goals;
L(m) explore opportunities for public involvement in achieving its
activities; and
L(n) explore opportunities for assisting regional governments in their
efforts.
1-104. The Partnership will report back to the President in 90 days
on the implementation of the terms of this order.
Sec. 2. Memorandum of Agreement.
2-201. The Partnership shall negotiate a Memorandum of Agreement
with the States of California and Nevada, the Washoe Tribal Government,
the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, and interested local governments.
2-202. The Memorandum of Agreement shall be designed to facilitate
coordination among the parties to the Agreement, and shall document
areas of mutual interest and concern and opportunities for cooperation,
support, or assistance.
Sec. 3. General Provisions.
3-301. The Chair of the Partnership shall advise the President on
the implementation of this order. The Chair may recommend other
administrative actions that may be taken to improve the coordination of
agency actions and decisions whenever such coordination would protect
and enhance the Region's natural, ecological, and economic values.
3-302. Nothing in this order shall be construed to limit, delay, or
prohibit any agency action that is essential for the protection of
public health or safety, for national security, or for the maintenance
or rehabilitation of environmental quality within the Region.
3-303. Nothing in this order is intended to create, and this order
does not create, any right to administrative or judicial review, or any
other right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable by a
party against the United States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its
officers or employees, or any other person.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
July 26, 1997.
[[Page 216]]
Executive Order 13058 of August 9, 1997
Protecting Federal Employees and the Public From Exposure to Tobacco
Smoke in the Federal Workplace
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America and in order to protect Federal
Government employees and members of the public from exposure to tobacco
smoke in the Federal workplace, it is hereby ordered as follows:
Section 1. Policy. It is the policy of the executive branch to
establish a smoke-free environment for Federal employees and members of
the public visiting or using Federal facilities. The smoking of tobacco
products is thus prohibited in all interior space owned, rented, or
leased by the executive branch of the Federal Government, and in any
outdoor areas under executive branch control in front of air intake
ducts.
Sec. 2. Exceptions. The general policy established by this order is
subject to the following exceptions: (a) The order does not apply in
designated smoking areas that are enclosed and exhausted directly to the
outside and away from air intake ducts, and are maintained under
negative pressure (with respect to surrounding spaces) sufficient to
contain tobacco smoke within the designated area. Agency officials shall
not require workers to enter such areas during business hours while
smoking is ongoing.
(b) The order does not extend to any residential accommodation for
persons voluntarily or involuntarily residing, on a temporary or long-
term basis, in a building owned, leased, or rented by the Federal
Government.
(c) The order does not extend to those portions of federally owned
buildings leased, rented, or otherwise provided in their entirety to
nonfederal parties.
(d) The order does not extend to places of employment in the private
sector or in other nonfederal governmental units that serve as the
permanent or intermittent duty station of one or more Federal employees.
(e) The head of any agency may establish limited and narrow
exceptions that are necessary to accomplish agency missions. Such
exception shall be in writing, approved by the agency head, and to the
fullest extent possible provide protection of nonsmokers from exposure
to environmental tobacco smoke. Authority to establish such exceptions
may not be delegated.
Sec. 3. Other Locations. The heads of agencies shall evaluate the need
to restrict smoking at doorways and in courtyards under executive branch
control in order to protect workers and visitors from environmental
tobacco smoke, and may restrict smoking in these areas in light of this
evaluation.
Sec. 4. Smoking Cessation Programs. The heads of agencies are
encouraged to use existing authority to establish programs designed to
help employees stop smoking.
Sec. 5. Responsibility for Implementation. The heads of agencies are
responsible for implementing and ensuring compliance with the provisions
of this order. ``Agency'' as used in this order means an Executive
agency, as defined in 5 U.S.C. 105, and includes any employing unit or
authority of the Federal Government, other than those of the legislative
and judicial
[[Page 217]]
branches. Independent agencies are encouraged to comply
with the provisions of this order.
Sec. 6. Phase-In of Implementation. Implementation of the policy set
forth in this order shall be achieved no later than 1 year after the
date of this order. This 1 year phase-in period is designed to establish
a fixed but reasonable time for implementing this policy. Agency heads
are directed during this period to inform all employees and visitors to
executive branch facilities about the requirements of this order, inform
their employees of the health risks of exposure to environmental tobacco
smoke, and undertake related activities as necessary.
Sec. 7. Consistency with Other Laws. The provisions of this order shall
be implemented consistent with applicable law, including the Federal
Service Labor-Management Relations Act (5 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.) and the
National Labor Relations Act (29 U.S.C. 151 et seq.) Provisions of
existing collective bargaining agreements shall be honored and agencies
shall consult with employee labor representatives about the
implementation of this order. Nothing herein shall be construed to
impair or alter the powers and duties of Federal agencies established
under law. Nothing herein shall be construed to replace any agency
policy currently in effect, if such policy is legally established, in
writing, and consistent with the terms of this order. Agencies shall
review their current policy to confirm that agency policy comports with
this order, and policy found not in compliance shall be revised to
comply with the terms of this order.
Sec. 8. Cause of Action. This order does not create any right to
administrative or judicial review, or any other right or benefit,
substantive or procedural, enforceable by a party against the United
States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers or employees, or
any other person or affect in any way the liability of the executive
branch under the Federal Tort Claims Act.
Sec. 9. Construction. Nothing in this order shall limit an agency head
from establishing more protective policies on smoking in the Federal
workplace for employees and members of the public visiting or using
Federal facilities.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
August 9, 1997
Executive Order 13059 of August 19, 1997
Prohibiting Certain Transactions With Respect to Iran
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America, including the International
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (``IEEPA''), the
National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), section 505 of the
International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 (22
U.S.C. 2349aa-9) (``ISDCA''), and section 301 of title 3, United States
Code,
[[Page 218]]
I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of America, in
order to clarify the steps taken in Executive Orders 12957 of March 15,
1995, and 12959 of May 6, 1995, to deal with the unusual and
extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy, and
economy of the United States declared in Executive Order 12957 in
response to the actions and policies of the Government of Iran, hereby
order:
Section 1. Except to the extent provided in section 3 of this order or
in regulations, orders, directives, or licenses issued pursuant to this
order, and notwithstanding any contract entered into or any license or
permit granted prior to the effective date of this order, the
importation into the United States of any goods or services of Iranian
origin or owned or controlled by the Government of Iran, other than
information or informational materials within the meaning of section
203(b)(3) of IEEPA (50 U.S.C. 1702(b)(3)), is hereby prohibited.
Sec. 2. Except to the extent provided in section 3 of this order, in
section 203(b) of IEEPA (50 U.S.C. 1702(b)), or in regulations, orders,
directives, or licenses issued pursuant to this order, and
notwithstanding any contract entered into or any license or permit
granted prior to the effective date of this order, the following are
prohibited:
(a) the exportation, reexportation, sale, or supply, directly or
indirectly, from the United States, or by a United States person,
wherever located, of any goods, technology, or services to Iran or the
Government of Iran, including the exportation, reexportation, sale, or
supply of any goods, technology, or services to a person in a third
country undertaken with knowledge or reason to know that:
(i) such goods, technology, or services are intended specifically
for supply, transshipment, or reexportation, directly or indirectly, to
Iran or the Government of Iran; or
(ii) such goods, technology, or services are intended specifically
for use in the production of, for commingling with, or for incorporation
into goods, technology, or services to be directly or indirectly
supplied, transshipped, or reexported exclusively or predominantly to
Iran or the Government of Iran;
(b) the reexportation from a third country, directly or indirectly,
by a person other than a United States person of any goods, technology,
or services that have been exported from the United States, if:
(i) undertaken with knowledge or reason to know that the
reexportation is intended specifically for Iran or the Government of
Iran, and
(ii) the exportation of such goods, technology, or services to
Iran from the United States was subject to export license application
requirements under any United States regulations in effect on May 6,
1995, or thereafter is made subject to such requirements imposed
independently of the actions taken pursuant to the national emergency
declared in Executive Order 12957; provided, however, that this
prohibition shall not apply to those goods or that technology subject to
export license application requirements if such goods or technology have
been:
(A) substantially transformed into a foreign-made product outside
the United States; or
[[Page 219]]
(B) incorporated into a foreign-made product outside the United
States if the aggregate value of such controlled United States goods and
technology constitutes less than 10 percent of the total value of the
foreign-made product to be exported from a third country;
(c) any new investment by a United States person in Iran or in
property, including entities, owned or controlled by the Government of
Iran;
(d) any transaction or dealing by a United States person, wherever
located, including purchasing, selling, transporting, swapping,
brokering, approving, financing, facilitating, or guaranteeing, in or
related to:
(i) goods or services of Iranian origin or owned or controlled by
the Government of Iran; or
(ii) goods, technology, or services for exportation,
reexportation, sale, or supply, directly or indirectly, to Iran or the
Government of Iran;
(e) any approval, financing, facilitation, or guarantee by a United
States person, wherever located, of a transaction by a foreign person
where the transaction by that foreign person would be prohibited by this
order if performed by a United States person or within the United
States; and
(f) any transaction by a United States person or within the United
States that evades or avoids, or has the purpose of evading or avoiding,
or attempts to violate, any of the prohibitions set forth in this order.
Sec. 3. Specific licenses issued pursuant to Executive Orders 12613 (of
October 29, 1987), 12957, or 12959 continue in effect in accordance with
their terms except to the extent revoked, amended, or modified by the
Secretary of the Treasury. General licenses, regulations, orders, and
directives issued pursuant to those orders continue in effect in
accordance with their terms except to the extent inconsistent with this
order or to the extent revoked, amended, or modified by the Secretary of
the Treasury.
Sec. 4. For the purposes of this order:
(a) the term ``person'' means an individual or entity;
(b) the term ``entity'' means a partnership, association, trust,
joint venture, corporation, or other organization;
(c) the term ``United States person'' means any United States
citizen, permanent resident alien, entity organized under the laws of
the United States (including foreign branches), or any person in the
United States;
(d) the term ``Iran'' means the territory of Iran and any other
territory or marine area, including the exclusive economic zone and
continental shelf, over which the Government of Iran claims sovereignty,
sovereign rights, or jurisdiction, provided that the Government of Iran
exercises partial or total de facto control over the area or derives a
benefit from economic activity in the area pursuant to international
arrangements;
(e) the term ``Government of Iran'' includes the Government of Iran,
any political subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof, and any
person owned or controlled by, or acting for or on behalf of, the
Government of Iran;
(f) the term ``new investment'' means:
(i) a commitment or contribution of funds or other assets; or
[[Page 220]]
(ii) a loan or other extension of credit, made after the effective
date of Executive Order 12957 as to transactions prohibited by that
order, or otherwise made after the effective date of Executive Order
12959.
Sec. 5. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the
Secretary of State and, as appropriate, other agencies, is hereby
authorized to take such actions, including the promulgation of rules and
regulations, the requirement of reports, including reports by United
States persons on oil and related transactions engaged in by their
foreign affiliates with Iran or the Government of Iran, and to employ
all powers granted to me by IEEPA and the ISDCA as may be necessary to
carry out the purposes of this order. The Secretary of the Treasury may
redelegate any of these functions to other officers and agencies of the
United States Government. All agencies of the United States Government
are hereby directed to take all appropriate measures within their
authority to carry out the provisions of this order.
Sec. 6. (a) The Secretary of the Treasury may authorize the exportation
or reexportation to Iran or the Government of Iran of any goods,
technology, or services also subject to export license application
requirements of another agency of the United States Government only if
authorization by that agency of the exportation or reexportation to Iran
would be permitted by law.
(b) Nothing contained in this order shall be construed to supersede
the requirements established under any other provision of law or to
relieve a person from any requirement to obtain a license or other
authorization from another department or agency of the United States
Government in compliance with applicable laws and regulations subject to
the jurisdiction of that department or agency.
Sec. 7. The provisions of this order consolidate the provisions of
Executive Orders 12613, 12957, and 12959. Executive Order 12613 and
subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), and (f) of section 1 of Executive Order
12959 are hereby revoked with respect to transactions occurring after
the effective date of this order. The revocation of those provisions
shall not alter their applicability to any transaction or violation
occurring before the effective date of this order, nor shall it affect
the applicability of any rule, regulation, order, license, or other form
of administrative action previously taken pursuant to Executive Orders
12613 or 12959.
Sec. 8. Nothing contained in this order shall create any right or
benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable by any party against the
United States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers or
employees, or any other person.
Sec. 9. The measures taken pursuant to this order are in response to
actions of the Government of Iran occurring after the conclusion of the
1981 Algiers Accords, and are intended solely as a response to those
later actions.
Sec. 10. (a) This order is effective at 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight time
on August 20, 1997.
(b) This order shall be transmitted to the Congress and published in
the Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
August 19, 1997.
[[Page 221]]
Executive Order 13060 of August 21, 1997
Establishing an Emergency Board To Investigate Disputes Between Amtrak
and its Employees Represented by the Brotherhood of Maintenance of Way
Employes
Disputes exist between Amtrak and its employees represented by the
Brotherhood of Maintenance of Way Employes.
These disputes have not heretofore been adjusted under the provisions of
the Railway Labor Act, as amended (45 U.S.C. 151 et seq.) (the ``Act'').
In the judgement of the National Mediation Board, these disputes
threaten substantially to interrupt interstate commerce to a degree that
would deprive a section of the country of essential transportation
service.
NOW, THEREFORE, by the authority vested in me as President by the
Constitution and the laws of the United States; including section 10 of
the Act (45 U.S.C. 160), it is hereby ordered as follows:
Section 1. Establishment of Emergency Board (``Board''). There is
established, effective August 21, 1997, a Board of three members to be
appointed by the President to investigate these disputes. No member
shall be pecuniarily or otherwise interested in any organization of
railroad employees or any railroad carrier. The Board shall perform its
functions subject to the availability of funds.
Sec. 2. Report. The Board shall report to the President with respect to
these disputes within 30 days of its creation.
Sec. 3. Maintaining Conditions. As provided by section 10 of the Act,
from the date of the creation of the Board and for 30 days after the
Board has submitted its report to the President, no change in the
conditions out of which the disputes arose shall be made by the parties
to the controversy, except by agreement of the parties.
Sec. 4. Records Maintenance. The records and files of the Board are
records of the Office of the President and upon the Board's termination
shall be maintained in the physical custody of the National Mediation
Board.
Sec. 5. Expiration. The Board shall terminate upon the submission of the
report provided for in sections 2 and 3 of this order.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
August 21, 1997.
Executive Order 13061 of September 11, 1997
Federal Support of Community Efforts Along American Heritage Rivers
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America, including the National
Environmental Pol-
[[Page 222]]
icy Act of 1969 (Public Law 91-190), and in order to
protect and restore rivers and their adjacent communities, it is hereby
ordered as follows:
Section 1. Policies.
(a) The American Heritage Rivers initiative has three objectives:
natural resource and environmental protection, economic revitalization,
and historic and cultural preservation.
(b) Executive agencies (``agencies''), to the extent permitted by
law and consistent with their missions and resources, shall coordinate
Federal plans, functions, programs, and resources to preserve, protect,
and restore rivers and their associated resources important to our
history, culture, and natural heritage.
(c) Agencies shall develop plans to bring increased efficiencies to
existing and authorized programs with goals that are supportive of
protection and restoration of communities along rivers.
(d) In accordance with Executive Order 12630, agencies shall act
with due regard for the protection of private property provided for by
the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution. No new regulatory
authority is created as a result of the American Heritage Rivers
initiative. This initiative will not interfere with matters of State,
local, and tribal government jurisdiction.
(e) In furtherance of these policies, the President will designate
rivers that meet certain criteria as ``American Heritage Rivers.''
(f) It is the policy of the Federal Government that communities
shall nominate rivers as American Heritage Rivers and the Federal role
will be solely to support community-based efforts to preserve, protect,
and restore these rivers and their communities.
(g) Agencies should, to the extent practicable, help identify
resources in the private and nonprofit sectors to aid revitalization
efforts.
(h) Agencies are encouraged, to the extent permitted by law, to
develop partnerships with State, local, and tribal governments and
community and nongovernmental organizations. Agencies will be responsive
to the diverse needs of different kinds of communities from the core of
our cities to remote rural areas and shall seek to ensure that the role
played by the Federal Government is complementary to the plans and work
being carried out by State, local, and tribal governments. To the extent
possible, Federal resources will be strategically directed to complement
resources being spent by these governments.
(i) Agencies shall establish a method for field offices to assess
the success of the American Heritage River initiative and provide a
means to recommend changes that will improve the delivery and
accessibility of Federal services and programs. Agencies are directed,
where appropriate, to reduce and make more flexible procedural
requirements and paperwork related to providing assistance to
communities along designated rivers.
(j) Agencies shall commit to a policy under which they will seek to
ensure that their actions have a positive effect on the natural,
historic, economic, and cultural resources of American Heritage River
communities. The policy will require agencies to consult with American
Heritage River communities early in the planning stages of Federal
actions, take into ac-
[[Page 223]]
count the communities' goals and objectives and
ensure that actions are compatible with the overall character of these
communities. Agencies shall seek to ensure that their help for one
community does not adversely affect neighboring communities.
Additionally, agencies are encouraged to develop formal and informal
partnerships to assist communities. Local Federal facilities, to the
extent permitted by law and consistent with the agencies' missions and
resources, should provide public access, physical space, technical
assistance, and other support for American Heritage River communities.
(k) In addition to providing support to designated rivers, agencies
will work together to provide information and services to all
communities seeking support.
Sec. 2. Process for Nominating an American Heritage River.
(a) Nomination. Communities, in coordination with their State,
local, or tribal governments, can nominate their river, river stretch,
or river confluence for designation as an American Heritage River. When
several communities are involved in the nomination of the same river,
nominations will detail the coordination among the interested
communities and the role each will play in the process. Individuals
living outside the community may not nominate a river.
(b) Selection Criteria. Nominations will be judged based on the
following:
(1) the characteristics of the natural, economic, agricultural,
scenic, historic, cultural, or recreational resources of the river that
render it distinctive or unique;
(2) the effectiveness with which the community has defined its
plan of action and the extent to which the plan addresses, either
through planned actions or past accomplishments, all three American
Heritage Rivers objectives, which are set forth in section 1(a) of this
order;
(3) the strength and diversity of community support for the
nomination as evidenced by letters from elected officials; landowners;
private citizens; businesses; and especially State, local, and tribal
governments. Broad community support is essential to receiving the
American Heritage River designation; and
(4) willingness and capability of the community to forge
partnerships and agreements to implement their plan to meet their goals
and objectives.
(c) Recommendation Process.
The Chair of the Council on Environmental Quality (``CEQ'') shall
develop a fair and objective procedure to obtain the views of a diverse
group of experts for the purpose of making recommendations to the
President as to which rivers shall be designated. These experts shall
reflect a variety of viewpoints, such as those representing natural,
cultural, and historic resources; scenic, environmental, and recreation
interests; tourism, transportation, and economic development interests;
and industries such as agriculture, hydropower, manufacturing, mining,
and forest management. The Chair of the CEQ will ensure that the rivers
recommended represent a variety of stream sizes, diverse geographical
locations, and a wide range of settings from urban to rural and ensure
that relatively pristine, successful revi-
[[Page 224]]
talization efforts are
considered as well as degraded rivers in need of restoration.
(d) Designation.
(1) The President will designate certain rivers as American
Heritage Rivers. Based on the receipt of a sufficient number of
qualified nominations, ten rivers will be designated in the first phase
of the initiative.
(2) The Interagency Committee provided for in section 3 of this
order shall develop a process by which any community that nominates and
has its river designated may have this designation terminated at its
request.
(3) Upon a determination by the Chair of the CEQ that a community
has failed to implement its plan, the Chair may recommend to the
President that a designation be revoked. The Chair shall notify the
community at least 30 days prior to making such a recommendation to the
President. Based on that recommendation, the President may revoke the
designation.
Sec. 3. Establishment of an Interagency Committee. There is hereby
established the American Heritage Rivers Interagency Committee
(``Committee''). The Committee shall have two co-chairs. The Chair of
the CEQ shall be a permanent co-chair. The other co-chair will rotate
among the heads of the agencies listed below.
(a) The Committee shall be composed of the following members or
their designees at the Assistant Secretary level or equivalent:
(1) The Secretary of Defense;
(2) The Attorney General;
(3) The Secretary of the Interior;
(4) The Secretary of Agriculture;
(5) The Secretary of Commerce;
(6) The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development;
(7) The Secretary of Transportation;
(8) The Secretary of Energy;
(9) The Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency;
(10) The Chair of the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation;
(11) The Chairperson of the National Endowment for the Arts; and
(12) The Chairperson of the National Endowment for the Humanities.
The Chair of the CEQ may invite to participate in meetings of the
Committee, representatives of other agencies, as appropriate.
(b) The Committee shall:
(1) establish formal guidelines for designation as an American
Heritage River;
(2) periodically review the actions of agencies in support of the
American Heritage Rivers;
(3) report to the President on the progress, accomplishments, and
effectiveness of the American Heritage Rivers initiative; and
[[Page 225]]
(4) perform other duties as directed by the Chair of the CEQ.
Sec. 4. Responsibilities of the Federal Agencies. Consistent with Title
I of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, agencies shall:
(a) identify their existing programs and plans that give them the
authority to offer assistance to communities involved in river
conservation and community health and revitalization;
(b) to the extent practicable and permitted by law and regulation,
refocus programs, grants, and technical assistance to provide support
for communities adjacent to American Heritage Rivers;
(c) identify all technical tools, including those developed for
purposes other than river conservation, that can be applied to river
protection, restoration, and community revitalization;
(d) provide access to existing scientific data and information to
the extent permitted by law and consistent with the agencies mission and
resources;
(e) cooperate with State, local, and tribal governments and
communities with respect to their activities that take place in, or
affect the area around, an American Heritage River;
(f) commit to a policy, as set forth in section 1(j) of this order,
in making decisions affecting the quality of an American Heritage River;
(g) select from among all the agencies a single individual called
the ``River Navigator,'' for each river that is designated an American
Heritage River, with whom the communities can communicate goals and
needs and who will facilitate community-agency interchange;
(h) allow public access to the river, for agencies with facilities
along American Heritage Rivers, to the extent practicable and consistent
with their mission; and
(i) cooperate, as appropriate, with communities on projects that
protect or preserve stretches of the river that are on Federal property
or adjacent to a Federal facility.
Sec. 5. Responsibilities of the Committee and the Council on
Environmental Quality. The CEQ shall serve as Executive agent for the
Committee, and the CEQ and the Committee shall ensure the implementation
of the policies and purposes of this initiative.
Sec. 6. Definition. For the purposes of this order, Executive agency
means any agency on the Committee and such other agency as may be
designated by the President.
Sec. 7. Judicial Review. This order does not create any right or
benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable by any party against the
United States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers or
employees, or any other person.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
September 11, 1997.
[[Page 226]]
Executive Order 13062 of September 29, 1997
Continuance of Certain Federal Advisory Committees and Amendments to
Executive Orders 13038 and 13054
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America, and in accordance with the
provisions of the Federal Advisory Committee Act, as amended (5 U.S.C.
App.), it is hereby ordered as follows:
Section 1. Each advisory committee listed below is continued until
September 30, 1999.
(a) Committee for the Preservation of the White House; Executive
Order 11145, as amended (Department of the Interior).
(b) Federal Advisory Council on Occupational Safety and Health;
Executive Order 12196, as amended (Department of Labor).
(c) National Partnership Council; Executive Order 12871, as amended
(Office of Personnel Management).
(d) President's Advisory Commission on Education Excellence for
Hispanic Americans; Executive Order 12900 (Department of Education).
(e) President's Board of Advisors on Historically Black Colleges and
Universities; Executive Order 12876 (Department of Education).
(f) President's Commission on White House Fellowships; Executive
Order 11183, as amended (Office of Personnel Management).
(g) President's Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology;
Executive Order 12882 (Office of Science and Technology Policy).
(h) President's Committee on the Arts and the Humanities; Executive
Order 12367, as amended (National Endowment for the Arts).
(i) President's Committee on the International Labor Organization;
Executive Order 12216 (Department of Labor).
(j) President's Committee on the National Medal of Science;
Executive Order 11287, as amended (National Science Foundation).
(k) President's Committee on Mental Retardation; Executive Order
12994 (Department of Health and Human Services).
(l) President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports; Executive
Order 12345, as amended (Department of Health and Human Services).
(m) President's Export Council; Executive Order 12131, as amended
(Department of Commerce).
(n) President's National Security Telecommunications Advisory
Committee; Executive Order 12382, as amended (Department of Defense).
(o) Trade and Environment Policy Advisory Committee; Executive Order
12905 (Office of the United States Trade Representative).
Sec. 2. Notwithstanding the provisions of any other Executive order, the
functions of the President under the Federal Advisory Committee Act that
are applicable to the committees listed in section 1 of this order,
except that of reporting annually to the Congress, shall be performed by
the head
[[Page 227]]
of the department or agency designated after each committee, in
accordance with the guidelines and procedures established by the
Administrator of General Services.
Sec. 3. The following Executive orders which established committees that
have terminated and whose work is completed, are revoked:
(a) Executive Order 12891, establishing the Advisory Committee on
Human Radiation Experiments;
(b) Executive Order 12964, as amended by Executive Orders 12987 and
13032, establishing the Commission on United States-Pacific Trade and
Investment Policy;
(c) Executive Order 12946, establishing the President's Advisory
Board on Arms Proliferation Policy;
(d) Executive Order 12864, as amended by Executive Orders 12890,
12921, and 12970, establishing the United States Advisory Council on the
National Information Infrastructure; and
(e) Executive Order 13015, establishing the White House Commission
on Aviation Safety and Security.
Sec. 4. Executive Order 12974 is superseded.
Sec. 5. In Executive Order 13038, the second sentence of section 1 is
amended by deleting ``15'' and inserting ``22'' in lieu thereof.
Sec. 6. Executive Order 13054 is amended by revising section 1 to read
as follows: ``A United States citizen who is a family member of a
Federal civilian employee who has separated from Federal service to
accept employment with the American Institute in Taiwan pursuant to
section 11 of Public Law 96-8 (22 U.S.C. 3310(a)) may be appointed
noncompetitively in a manner similar to noncompetitive appointments
under Executive Order 12721 and implementing regulations of the Office
of Personnel Management to a competitive service position in the
executive branch, provided such family member meets the qualifications
and other requirements established by the Director of the Office of
Personnel Management, including an appropriate period of satisfactory
overseas employment with the American Institute in Taiwan.''
Sec. 7. This order shall be effective September 30, 1997.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
September 29, 1997.
Executive Order 13063 of September 30, 1997
Level V of the Executive Schedule: Removal of the Executive Director,
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, Department of Labor
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America, including section 5317 of title 5,
United
[[Page 228]]
States Code, and in order to remove a position from Level V of
the Executive Schedule, it is hereby ordered that section 1-102 of
Executive Order 12154, as amended, is further amended by removing the
following subsection from section 1-102: ``(b) Executive Director,
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, Department of Labor''; and
relettering subsections (c) through (f) as subsections (b) through (e),
respectively.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
September 30, 1997.
Executive Order 13064 of October 11, 1997
Further Amendment to Executive Order 13010, as Amended, Critical
Infrastructure Protection
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America, and in order to provide for the
review of the report by the President's Commission on Critical
Infrastructure Protection, it is hereby ordered that Executive Order
13010, as amended, is further amended as follows:
Section 1. Section 5(a), as amended, shall be further amended by
deleting ``15'' and inserting ``20'' in lieu thereof and by deleting
``sector'' and inserting ``and public sectors'' in lieu thereof. Section
5(b) shall be amended by inserting ``or Co-Chairs'' after ``Chair''.
Sec. 2. Section 6(f), as amended, shall be further amended by deleting
``, the Principals Committee, the Steering Committee, and the Advisory
Committee'' and by inserting a second sentence, which shall read: ``The
Principals Committee, the Steering Committee, and the Advisory Committee
shall terminate no later than March 15, 1998, and, upon submission of
the Commission's report, shall review the report and prepare appropriate
recommendations to the President.'' Section 6, as amended, shall be
further amended by inserting the following:
``(g) The person who served as Chair of the Commission may continue
to be a member of the Steering Committee after termination of the
Commission.''
Sec. 3. A new section 7 shall be inserted, which reads:
``Sec. 7. Review of Commission's Report. (a) Upon the termination of
the Commission as set out in section 6(f) of this order, certain of the
Commission's staff may be retained no later than March 15, 1998, solely
to assist the Principals, Steering, and Advisory Committees in reviewing
the Commission's report and preparing recommendations to the President.
They shall act under the direction of the Steering Committee or its
designated agent. The Department of Defense shall continue to provide
funding and administrative support for the retained Commission staff.
(b) Pursuant to Executive Order 12958, I hereby designate the
Executive Secretary of the National Security Council to exercise the
authority to classify information originally as ``Top Secret'' with
respect to the work of the
[[Page 229]]
Commission staff, the Principals Committee,
the Steering Committee, the Advisory Committee, and the Infrastructure
Protection Task Force.''
Sec. 4. Sections 7 and 8 of Executive Order 13010, as amended, shall be
renumbered sections 8 and 9, respectively.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
October 11, 1997.
Executive Order 13065 of October 22, 1997
Further Amendment to Executive Order 13038--Advisory Committee on Public
Interest Obligations of Digital Television Broadcasters
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America, and in order to add up to three
more members to the Advisory Committee on Public Interest Obligations of
Digital Television Broadcasters, it is hereby ordered that the second
sentence of section 1 of Executive Order 13038, as amended by section 5
of Executive Order 13062, is further amended by deleting ``not more than
22'' and inserting ``up to 25'' in lieu thereof. Further, the words ``or
Co-Chairs'' shall be added after the word ``Chair'' in the fourth
sentence of section 1 of the order.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
October 22, 1997.
Executive Order 13066 of October 29, 1997
Amendment to Executive Order 13037, Commission To Study Capital
Budgeting
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America, and in order to increase the
membership of the Commission to Study Capital Budgeting, it is hereby
ordered that the second sentence of section 1 of Executive Order 13037
is amended by deleting ``11'' and inserting ``no more than 20'' in lieu
thereof. It is further ordered that section 3 of Executive Order 13037
is amended by deleting the words ``by March 15, 1998, or''.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
October 29, 1997.
[[Page 230]]
Executive Order 13067 of November 3, 1997
Blocking Sudanese Government Property and Prohibiting Transactions With
Sudan
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America, including the International
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (IEEPA), the
National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), and section 301 of
title 3, United States Code;
I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of America, find
that the policies and actions of the Government of Sudan, including
continued support for international terrorism; ongoing efforts to
destabilize neighboring governments; and the prevalence of human rights
violations, including slavery and the denial of religious freedom,
constitute an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security
and foreign policy of the United States, and hereby declare a national
emergency to deal with that threat. I hereby order:
Section 1. Except to the extent provided in section 203(b) of IEEPA (50
U.S.C. 1702(b)) and in regulations, orders, directives, or licenses that
may be issued pursuant to this order, all property and interests in
property of the Government of Sudan that are in the United States, that
hereafter come within the United States, or that hereafter come within
the possession or control of United States persons, including their
overseas branches, are blocked.
Sec. 2. The following are prohibited, except to the extent provided in
section 203(b) of IEEPA (50 U.S.C. 1702(b)) and in regulations, orders,
directives, or licenses that may be issued pursuant to this order:
(a) the importation into the United States of any goods or services
of Sudanese origin, other than information or informational materials;
(b) the exportation or reexportation, directly or indirectly, to
Sudan of any goods, technology (including technical data, software, or
other information), or services from the United States or by a United
States person, wherever located, or requiring the issuance of a license
by a Federal agency, except for donations of articles intended to
relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing, and medicine;
(c) the facilitation by a United States person, including but not
limited to brokering activities, of the exportation or reexportation of
goods, technology, or services from Sudan to any destination, or to
Sudan from any location;
(d) the performance by any United States person of any contract,
including a financing contract, in support of an industrial, commercial,
public utility, or governmental project in Sudan;
(e) the grant or extension of credits or loans by any United States
person to the Government of Sudan;
(f) any transaction by a United States person relating to
transportation of cargo to or from Sudan; the provision of
transportation of cargo to or from the United States by any Sudanese
person or any vessel or aircraft of Sudanese registration; or the sale
in the United States by any person holding
[[Page 231]]
authority under subtitle 7 of
title 49, United States Code, of any transportation of cargo by air that
includes any stop in Sudan; and
(g) any transaction by any United States person or within the United
States that evades or avoids, or has the purpose of evading or avoiding,
or attempts to violate, any of the prohibitions set forth in this order.
Sec. 3. Nothing in this order shall prohibit:
(a) transactions for the conduct of the official business of the
Federal Government or the United Nations by employees thereof; or
(b) transactions in Sudan for journalistic activity by persons
regularly employed in such capacity by a news-gathering organization.
Sec. 4. For the purposes of this order:
(a) the term ``person'' means an individual or entity;
(b) the term ``entity'' means a partnership, association, trust,
joint venture, corporation, or other organization;
(c) the term ``United States person'' means any United States
citizen, permanent resident alien, entity organized under the laws of
the United States (including foreign branches), or any person in the
United States; and
(d) the term ``Government of Sudan'' includes the Government of
Sudan, its agencies, instrumentalities and controlled entities, and the
Central Bank of Sudan.
Sec. 5. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the
Secretary of State and, as appropriate, other agencies, is hereby
authorized to take such actions, including the promulgation of rules and
regulations, and to employ all powers granted to me by IEEPA, as may be
necessary to carry out the purposes of this order. The Secretary of the
Treasury may redelegate any of these functions to other officers and
agencies of the United States Government. All agencies of the United
States Government are hereby directed to take all appropriate measures
within their authority to carry out the provisions of this order.
Sec. 6. Nothing contained in this order shall create any right or
benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable by any party against the
United States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers or
employees, or any other person.
Sec. 7. (a) This order shall take effect at 12:01 a.m. eastern standard
time on November 4, 1997, except that trade transactions under contracts
in force as of the effective date of this order may be performed
pursuant to their terms through 12:01 a.m. eastern standard time on
December 4, 1997, and letters of credit and other financing agreements
for such underlying trade transactions may be performed pursuant to
their terms.
(b) This order shall be transmitted to the Congress and published in
the Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
November 3, 1997.
[[Page 232]]
Executive Order 13068 of November 25, 1997
Closing of Government Departments and Agencies on Friday, December 26,
1997
By the authority vested in me as President of the United States of
America, it is hereby ordered as follows:
Section 1. All executive departments and agencies shall be closed and
their employees excused from duty on Friday, December 26, 1997, the day
following Christmas Day, except as provided in section 2 below.
Sec. 2. The heads of executive departments and agencies may determine
that certain offices and installations of their organizations, or parts
thereof, must remain open and that certain employees must report for
duty on December 26, 1997, for reasons of national security or defense
or for other public reasons.
Sec. 3. Friday, December 26, 1997, shall be considered as falling within
the scope of Executive Order 11582 and of 5 U.S.C. 5546 and 6103(b) and
other similar statutes insofar as they relate to the pay and leave of
employees of the United States.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE
November 25, 1997.
Executive Order 13069 of December 12, 1997
Prohibiting Certain Transactions With Respect to UNITA
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America, including the International
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (IEEPA), the
National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), section 5 of the
United Nations Participation Act of 1945, as amended (22 U.S.C.
287c)(UNPA), and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, in view of
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1127 of August 28, 1997, and
1130 of September 29, 1997, and in order to take additional steps with
respect to the actions and policies of the National Union for the Total
Independence of Angola (UNITA) and the national emergency declared in
Executive Order 12865, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United
States of America, hereby order:
Section 1. Except to the extent provided in regulations, orders,
directives, or licenses issued pursuant to this order, and
notwithstanding the existence of any rights or obligations conferred or
imposed by any international agreement or any contract entered into or
any license or permit granted prior to the effective date of this order,
all UNITA offices located in the United States shall be immediately and
completely closed.
Sec. 2. Except to the extent provided in regulations, orders,
directives, or licenses issued pursuant to this order, and
notwithstanding the existence of any rights or obligations conferred or
imposed by any international
[[Page 233]]
agreement or any contract entered into or
any license or permit granted prior to the effective date of this order,
the following are prohibited:
(a) the sale, supply, or making available in any form, by United
States persons or from the United States or using U.S.-registered
vessels or aircraft, of any aircraft or aircraft components, regardless
of origin:
(i) to UNITA; or
(ii) to the territory of Angola other than through a point of
entry specified pursuant to section 4 of this order;
(b) the insurance, engineering, or servicing by United States
persons or from the United States of any aircraft owned or controlled by
UNITA;
(c) the granting of permission to any aircraft to take off from,
land in, or overfly the United States if the aircraft, as part of the
same flight or as a continuation of that flight, is destined to land in
or has taken off from a place in the territory of Angola other than one
specified pursuant to section 4 of this order;
(d) the provision or making available by United States persons or
from the United States of engineering and maintenance servicing, the
certification of airworthiness, the payment of new claims against
existing insurance contracts, or the provision, renewal, or making
available of direct insurance with respect to:
(i) any aircraft registered in Angola other than those specified
pursuant to section 4 of this order; or
(ii) any aircraft that entered the territory of Angola other than
through a point of entry specified pursuant to section 4 of this order;
(e) any transaction by any United States person or within the United
States that evades or avoids, or has the purpose of evading or avoiding,
or attempts to violate, any of the prohibitions set forth in this order.
Sec. 3. For the purposes of this order:
(a) the term ``person'' means an individual or entity;
(b) the term ``entity'' means a partnership, association, trust,
joint venture, corporation, or other organization;
(c) the term ``United States person'' means any United States
citizen, permanent resident alien, entity organized under the laws of
the United States (including foreign branches), or any person in the
United States;
(d) the term ``UNITA'' includes:
(i) the Uniao Nacional para a Independencia Total de Angola
(UNITA), known in English as the ``National Union for the Total
Independence of Angola;''
(ii) the Forcas Armadas para a Liberacao de Angola (FALA), known
in English as the ``Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola;'' and
(iii) any person acting or purporting to act for or on behalf of
any of the foregoing, including the Center for Democracy in Angola
(CEDA).
Sec. 4. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the
Secretary of State and, as appropriate, other agencies, is hereby
authorized to take such actions, including the specification of places,
points of entry, and air-
[[Page 234]]
craft registered in Angola for purposes of
section 2(a), (c), and (d) of this order, the authorization in
appropriate cases of medical emergency flights or flights of aircraft
carrying food, medicine, or supplies for essential humanitarian needs,
and the promulgation of rules and regulations, and to employ all powers
granted to the President by IEEPA and UNPA as may be necessary to carry
out the purposes of this order. The Secretary of the Treasury may
redelegate any of these functions to other officers and agencies of the
United States Government. All agencies of the United States Government
are hereby directed to take all appropriate measures within their
authority to carry out the provisions of this order, including
suspension or termination of licenses or other authorizations in effect
as of the effective date of this order.
Sec. 5. Nothing contained in this order shall create any right or
benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable by any party against the
United States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers or
employees, or any other person.
Sec. 6. (a) This order is effective at 12:01 a.m. eastern standard time
on December 15, 1997.
(b) This order shall be transmitted to the Congress and published in
the Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
December 12, 1997.
Executive Order 13070 of December 15, 1997
The Intelligence Oversight Board, Amendment to Executive Order 12863
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America, and in order to emphasize the role
of the Intelligence Oversight Board in providing executive branch
oversight, it is hereby ordered that Executive Order 12863 is amended as
follows:
Section 1. The text in section 2.1 is deleted and the following text is
inserted in lieu thereof: ``The Intelligence Oversight Board (IOB) is
hereby established as a standing committee of the PFIAB. The IOB shall
consist of no more than four members designated by the President from
among the membership of the PFIAB. The Chairman of the PFIAB may also
serve as the Chairman or a member of the IOB if so designated by the
President. The IOB shall utilize such full-time staff and consultants as
authorized by the Chairman of the IOB with the concurrence of the
Chairman of the PFIAB.''
Sec. 2. The first sentence in section 2.3 is deleted and the following
sentence is inserted in lieu thereof: ``The IOB shall report to the
President.''
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
December 15, 1997.
[[Page 235]]
Executive Order 13071 of December 29, 1997
Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America, including the laws cited herein,
it is hereby ordered as follows:
Section 1. Statutory Pay Systems. The rates of basic pay or salaries of
the statutory pay systems (as defined in 5 U.S.C. 5302(1)), as adjusted
under 5 U.S.C. 5303(b), are set forth on the schedules attached hereto
and made a part hereof:
(a) The General Schedule (5 U.S.C. 5332(a)) at Schedule 1;
(b) The Foreign Service Schedule (22 U.S.C. 3963) at Schedule 2; and
(c) The schedules for the Veterans Health Administration of the
Department of Veterans Affairs (38 U.S.C. 7306, 7404; section 301(a) of
Public Law 102-40) at Schedule 3.
Sec. 2. Senior Executive Service. The rates of basic pay for senior
executives in the Senior Executive Service, as adjusted under 5 U.S.C.
5382, are set forth on Schedule 4 attached hereto and made a part
hereof.
Sec. 3. Executive Salaries. The rates of basic pay or salaries for the
following offices and positions are set forth on the schedules attached
hereto and made a part hereof:
(a) The Executive Schedule (5 U.S.C. 5312-5318) at Schedule 5;
(b) The Vice President (3 U.S.C. 104) and the Congress (2 U.S.C. 31)
at Schedule 6; and
(c) Justices and judges (28 U.S.C. 5, 44(d), 135, 252, and 461(a))
at Schedule 7.
Sec. 4. Uniformed Services. Pursuant to sections 601 and 604 of Public
Law 105-85, the rates of monthly basic pay (37 U.S.C. 203(a)) for
members of the uniformed services and the rate of monthly cadet or
midshipman pay (37 U.S.C. 203(c)) are set forth on Schedule 8 attached
hereto and made a part hereof.
Sec. 5. Locality-Based Comparability Payments. (a) Pursuant to sections
5304 and 5304a of title 5, United States Code, locality-based
comparability payments shall be paid in accordance with Schedule 9
attached hereto and made a part hereof.
(b) The Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall take
such actions as may be necessary to implement these payments and to
publish appropriate notice of such payments in the Federal Register.
Sec. 6. Effective Dates. Schedule 8 is effective on January 1, 1998. The
other schedules contained herein are effective on the first day of the
first applicable pay period beginning on or after January 1, 1998.
Sec. 7. Prior Order Superseded. Executive Order 13033 of December 27,
1996, is superseded.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
December 29, 1997.
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________________________________________________________________________
OTHER PRESIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS
________________________________________________________________________
Page
Subchapter A--[Reserved]
Subchapter B--Administrative Orders 245
Subchapter C--Reorganization Plans [None]
Subchapter D--Designations [None]
Appendix A--List of Messages to Congress Transmitting Budget Rescissions
and Deferrals 323
Appendix B--List of Messages to Congress Transmitting Cancellations
Under the Line Item Veto Act 323
Appendix C--List of Final Rule Documents [None]
________________________________________________________________________
Subchapter B--Administrative Orders
________________________________________________________________________
Notice of January 2, 1997
Continuation of Libyan Emergency
On January 7, 1986, by Executive Order No. 12543, President Reagan
declared a national emergency to deal with the unusual and extraordinary
threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States
constituted by the actions and policies of the Government of Libya. On
January 8, 1986, by Executive Order No. 12544, the President took
additional measures to block Libyan assets in the United States. The
President has transmitted a notice continuing this emergency to the
Congress and the Federal Register every year since 1986. The most recent
notice appeared in the Federal Register on January 5, 1996.
The crisis between the United States and Libya that led to the
declaration of a national emergency on January 7, 1986, has not been
resolved. The Government of Libya has continued its actions and policies
in support of terrorism, despite the calls by the United Nations
Security Council, in Resolutions 731 (1992), 748 (1992), and 883 (1993),
that it demonstrate by concrete actions its renunciation of such
terrorism. Such Libyan actions and policies pose a continuing unusual
and extraordinary threat to the national
[[Page 246]]
security and vital foreign
policy interests of the United States. For these reasons, the national
emergency declared on January 7, 1986, and the measures adopted on
January 7 and January 8, 1986, to deal with that emergency, must
continue in effect beyond January 7, 1997. Therefore, in accordance with
Section 202(d) of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d)), I am
continuing the national emergency with respect to Libya. This notice
shall be published in the Federal Register and transmitted to the
Congress.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
January 2, 1997.
Notice of January 21, 1997
Continuation of Emergency Regarding Terrorists Who Threaten To Disrupt
the Middle East Peace Process
On January 23, 1995, by Executive Order 12947, I declared a national
emergency to deal with the unusual and extraordinary threat to the
national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States
constituted by grave acts of violence committed by foreign terrorists
that disrupt the Middle East peace process. By Executive Order 12947 of
January 23, 1995, I blocked the assets in the United States, or in the
control of United States persons, of foreign terrorists who threaten to
disrupt the Middle East peace process. I also prohibited transactions or
dealings by United States persons in such property. Because terrorists
activities continue to threaten the Middle East peace process and vital
interests of the United States in the Middle East, the national
emergency declared on January 23, 1995, and the measures that took
effect on January 24, 1995, to deal with that emergency must continue in
effect beyond January 23, 1997. Therefore, in accordance with section
202(d) of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d)), I am
continuing the national emergency with respect to foreign terrorists who
threaten to disrupt the Middle East peace process.
This notice shall be published in the Federal Register and transmitted
to the Congress.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
January 21, 1997.
Presidential Determination No. 97-16 of February 12, 1997
Immigration Emergency Resulting From Alien Smuggling
Memorandum for the Attorney General
In September 1995, I determined that an immigration emergency was in
existence with respect to the smuggling into the United States of
illegal
[[Page 247]]
aliens. I therefore directed the use of up to $6,000,000 from
the Immigration Emergency Fund to cover costs associated with
repatriation of foreign nationals intercepted en route to the United
States. To date, all but $700,000 of that amount has been used to cover
these costs. While our policy to deter smuggling activity has been
successful, attempts to smuggle illegal aliens persist and require
continued efforts on the part of the United States.
Accordingly, by virtue of the authority vested in me as President by the
Constitution and the laws of the United States, including section
404(b)(1) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, I hereby:
LDetermine that the immigration emergency determined to exist in
1995 with respect to the smuggling into the United States of illegal
aliens persists; and
LDirect that up to $7,400,000 appropriated by the Congress to the
Immigration Emergency Fund be used to cover costs associated with the
repatriation of foreign nationals intercepted en route to the United
States.
You are authorized and directed to inform the appropriate committees of
the Congress of this determination and the obligation of funds under
this authority and to publish it in the Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, February 12, 1997.
Presidential Determination No. 97-17 of February 21, 1997
Suspending Restrictions on U.S. Relations With the Palestine Liberation
Organization
Memorandum for the Secretary of State
Pursuant to the authority vested in me by the Middle East Peace
Facilitation Act of 1995, title VI, Foreign Operations, Export
Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1996, Public Law
104-107 (``the Act''), I hereby:
(1) Certify that it is in the national interest to suspend the
application of the following provisions of law through August 12, 1997:
(A) Section 307 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended
(22 U.S.C. 2227), as it applies with respect to the Palestine
Liberation Organization or entities associated with it;
(B) Section 114 of the Department of State Authorization Act,
Fiscal Years 1984 and 1985 (22 U.S.C. 287e note), as it applies
with respect to the Palestine Liberation Organization or entities
associated with it;
(C) Section 1003 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act,
Fiscal Years 1988 and 1989 (22 U.S.C. 5202); and
(D) Section 37, Bretton Woods Agreement Act (22 U.S.C. 286w), as
it applies to the granting to the Palestine Liberation
Organization of
[[Page 248]]
observer status or other official status at any
meeting sponsored by or associated with the International Monetary
Fund.
(2) certify that the Palestine Liberation Organization, the
Palestinian Authority, and successor entities are complying with the
commitments described in section 604(b)(4) of the Act.
(3) certify that funds provided pursuant to the exercise of the
authority of the Act and the authorities under section 583(a) of Public
Law 103-236 and section 3(a) of Public Law 103-125 have been used for
the purposes for which they were intended.
You are authorized and directed to transmit this determination to the
Congress and to publish it in the Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, February 21, 1997.
Order of February 26, 1997
Designation Under Executive Order 12958
Pursuant to the provisions of section 1.4 of Executive Order 12958 of
April 17, 1995, entitled ``Classified National Security Information,'' I
hereby designate the following additional official to classify
information originally as ``Top Secret'':
The Chair, President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure
Protection.
The Chair of the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure
Protection, established under Executive Order 13010 of July 15, 1996,
shall exercise the authority to classify information originally as ``Top
Secret'' during the existence of the Commission.
Any delegation of this authority shall be in accordance with section
1.4(c) of Executive Order 12958.
This order shall be published in the Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
February 26, 1997.
Notice of February 27, 1997
Continuation of the National Emergency Relating to Cuba and of the
Emergency Authority Relating to the Regulation of the Anchorage and
Movement of Vessels
On March 1, 1996, by Proclamation 6867, I declared a national emergency
to address the disturbance or threatened disturbance of international
rela-
[[Page 249]]
tions caused by the February 24, 1996, destruction by the Government
of Cuba of two unarmed U.S.-registered civilian aircraft in
international airspace north of Cuba. In July 1995, the Government of
Cuba demonstrated a ready and reckless use of force against U.S.
registered vessels that entered into Cuban territorial waters that
resulted in damage and injury to persons on board. In July 1996, the
Government of Cuba stated its intent to forcefully defend its
sovereignty against any U.S.-registered vessels or aircraft that might
enter Cuban territorial waters or airspace while involved in a memorial
flotilla and peaceful protest. Since these events, the Government of
Cuba has not demonstrated that it will refrain from the future use of
reckless and excessive force against U.S. vessels or aircraft that may
engage in memorial activities or peaceful protest north of Cuba.
Therefore, in accordance with section 202(d) of the National Emergencies
Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d)), I am continuing the national emergency with
respect to Cuba and the emergency authority relating to the regulation
of the anchorage and movement of vessels set out in Proclamation 6867.
This notice shall be published in the Federal Register and transmitted
to the Congress.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
February 27, 1997.
Presidential Determination No. 97-18 of February 28, 1997
Certification for Major Narcotics Producing and Transit Countries
Memorandum for the Secretary of State
By virtue of the authority vested in me by section 490(b)(1)(A) of the
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, (``the Act''), I hereby
determine and certify that the following major drug producing and/or
major drug transit countries/dependent territories have cooperated fully
with the United States, or taken adequate steps on their own, to achieve
full compliance with the goals and objectives of the 1988 United Nations
Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotics Drugs and Psychotropic
Substances:
Aruba, The Bahamas, Bolivia, Brazil, Cambodia, China, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Haiti, Hong Kong, India, Jamaica, Laos,
Malaysia, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Taiwan, Thailand, Venezuela,
and Vietnam.
By virtue of the authority vested in me by section 490(b)(1)(B) of the
Act, I hereby determine that it is in the vital national interests of
the United States to certify the following major illicit drug producing
and/or transit countries:
Belize, Lebanon, and Pakistan.
Analysis of the relevant U.S. vital national interests, as required
under section 490(b)(3) of the Act, is attached. I have determined that
the following
[[Page 250]]
major illicit drug producing and/or major transit
countries do not meet the standards set forth in section 490(b) for
certification:
Afghanistan, Burma, Colombia, Iran, Nigeria, and Syria.
In making these determinations, I have considered the factors set forth
in section 490 of the Act, based on the information contained in the
International Narcotics Control Strategy Report of 1997. Because the
performance of each of these countries/dependent territories has
differed, I have attached an explanatory statement for each of the
countries/dependent territories subject to this determination.
You are hereby authorized and directed to report this determination to
the Congress immediately and to publish it in the Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, February 28, 1997.
STATEMENTS OF EXPLANATION
Aruba
Aruba is a major trafficking and staging point for international
narcotics trafficking organizations which transship cocaine and heroin
from Colombia, Venezuela and Suriname to the United States and Europe.
Its key position near the Venezuelan coast with air and sea links to
South America, Europe, Puerto Rico and other Caribbean locations makes
it a prime transshipment point. Drug shipments are made primarily via
containerized cargo, but commercial airlines and cruise ships are also
used. Although USG law enforcement agencies estimate that about 155 mt
of cocaine are transshipped through the Caribbean to the United States
annually, and that more than 100 international trafficking organizations
operate in that region, Aruba seized only about 170 kg of cocaine and
about 2\1/2\ kg of heroin in 1996.
Money laundering organizations use legitimate companies as fronts to
invest in land development and other construction projects. The
Government of Aruba's (GOA) Free Trade Zone (FTZ), casinos and resort
complexes are reported to be attractive venues for money laundering and
smuggling. A joint Dutch-Aruban Commission in 1996 issued
recommendations to improve regulation of the FTZ, and invited a U.S.
Customs technical expert to help implement those recommendations.
Legislation on the FTZ, casinos and off-shore corporations is pending.
Aruba is a part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (GON), and has
independent decision-making ability in many drug policy areas. The
Kingdom of the Netherlands (GON), a party to the 1988 UN Drug
Convention, has not yet extended it to Aruba. The Aruban legislature is
in the final stages of considering comprehensive criminal law reform,
expected to be adopted in 1997. The law would create a basis for the
Kingdom's extension of the 1988 UN Drug Convention, for expanded
investigative powers for local law enforcement, as well as for
extradition of nationals subject to service of sentences in Aruba.
[[Page 251]]
The GOA participated with the Netherlands, the Netherlands Antilles
in the establishment of a joint Kingdom-Caribbean Coast Guard, designed
to patrol the Kingdom's Caribbean coastal waters to interdict drug
shipments. The GOA established money transaction monitoring entities to
review unusual transactions in the banking sector. Aruban law
enforcement officials participated in USG-sponsored training courses for
drug enforcement during 1996. The GOA has taken limited steps to punish
corrupt officials, and replaced senior police and justice officials in
Aruba.
Corruption is a problem that hinders effective efforts against
international narcotics traffickers. A joint Netherlands Antilles and
Aruba court denied a USG extradition request for a Colombian narcotics
trafficker in 1996. Despite these problems, Aruba generally cooperated
with the USG to meet the goals and objectives of the 1988 UN Drug
Convention.
The Bahamas
Over the past ten years, successful combined U.S./Bahamian
counternarcotics efforts have dramatically reduced the amount of cocaine
and marijuana transiting The Bahamas en route to the United States. This
downward trend has continued over the last several years. Nevertheless,
significant quantities of illicit drugs continue to pass through The
Bahamas. The Bahamas is also a dynamic financial services center and a
tax haven with bank secrecy laws, which are both factors conducive to
money laundering. Some marijuana is grown in The Bahamas, but the
country is not a major drug producer.
The Government of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas (GCOB) vigorously
strives to combat drug trafficking and is extraordinarily cooperative
with USG counterdrug efforts. The first country to ratify the 1988 UN
Drug Convention, The Bahamas took further steps during 1996 to implement
it. Strong anti-money laundering legislation and implementing
regulations entered into force in 1996. During the year, the GCOB
continued its successful efforts to strengthen its justice system, with
assistance from the USG. U.S. and Bahamian law enforcement officials
continued to work closely together to apprehend drug traffickers.
Domestic drug abuse remains a problem, but the number of new drug users
has declined notably since the mid-1980s. Over the past several years,
The Bahamas has prosecuted and convicted some middle and low-level
officials on charges of narcotics corruption. The GCOB is also making
some headway in its efforts to forfeit and dispose of trafficker assets.
Although enormous progress has been made, more can be done. In
coming years, The Bahamas should continue to improve the effectiveness
with which its justice system handles drug cases, further emphasize
forfeiture of trafficker assets and effectively enforce its new anti-
money laundering controls.
Bolivia
The Government of Bolivia sustained an intense counternarcotics
effort again in 1996, cooperating fully with the USG, and took adequate
steps toward full compliance with the goals and objectives of the 1988
UN Drug Convention.
Bolivia's coca crop is the third largest in the world, behind Peru
and Colombia, but the high yield of Bolivian coca makes Bolivia second
only to
[[Page 252]]
Peru in terms of the production of cocaine alkaloid. The vast
majority of the coca for cocaine production is cultivated in Bolivia's
Chapare region. Coca growers produce cocaine base in rudimentary
laboratories, then sell it to more sophisticated organizations which
convert cocaine base into cocaine hydrochloride. Bolivia is believed to
be the world's second leading producer of refined cocaine hydrochloride.
During 1996, the Government of Bolivia (GOB) eradicated over 7,500
hectares of coca in the Chapare--the highest level of eradication since
1990. Despite the GOB's commitment to this program, eradication reduced
Bolivia's coca crop by only one percent, as new coca cultivation, both
within and outside of the Chapare, almost offset eradication. Total
potential cocaine production in 1996 declined by an estimated 10
percent, however, from 240 metric tons in 1995 to some 215 metric tons
of cocaine HCl. New coca does not become harvestable--and capable of
producing the cocaine alkaloid--for two years.
In order to confront the problem of new planting, the government
launched late in 1996 an expanded campaign to detect and destroy new
coca and seedbeds. For the first time, the GOB also fully applied the
letter of its own law, arresting several peasants for planting new coca.
The Minister of Justice produced a package of legislative reforms,
designed to modernize Bolivia's criminal justice sector. Among the
reforms were strong anti-money laundering provisions. The government
presented the package to the Bolivian Congress in January 1997, and is
seeking passage before the June 1997 presidential elections. In
addition, a new extradition treaty between the United States and
Bolivia, which allows for the extradition of Bolivian nationals, entered
into force in November 1996.
Overall cocaine base and HCl seizures increased in 1996 compared to
1995, and HCl seizures in the second half of the year increased
dramatically. The government established a Chemical Control Directorate.
Meanwhile, an expanded and increasingly effective Chemical Police Unit,
aided by counterdrug forces in the Chapare, made chemical seizures well
above 1995 levels. The government's Seized Asset Directorate, created in
December 1995, began operations, while asset seizures increased by some
36 percent over 1995.
In the coming year, the GOB must work to eliminate and prevent new
coca cultivation, fully applying the Law 1008 prohibition on new
planting, and reduce coca cultivation in the Chapare by at least 10
percent. The GOB should press for the passage and rapid implementation
of a money laundering law along with a revised Code of Criminal
Procedures. Faced with an increasingly sophisticated group of Bolivian
trafficking organizations, the GOB's enforcement strategy must more
effectively target cocaine HCl processing and trafficking organizations,
as well as Chapare-based cocaine base laboratories. In addition, we
expect the GOB to ensure that the Blue Devils Riverine Task Force can
fully exercise its drug enforcement authority and product results
consistent with its resources.
Brazil
International narcotics traffickers use Brazil to transship cocaine
primarily from Colombia, Peru and Bolivia to the United States and
Europe. Brazil serves as an increasingly significant transit route for
air shipments of cocaine base from Peru to cocaine labs in Colombia.
Cocaine also transits
[[Page 253]]
the country by river and overland routes. Law
enforcement agencies estimate that ten to twenty mt of cocaine transit
Brazil annually, of which Brazilian authorities seized about three mt of
cocaine in 1996, a decline from last year's almost six mt. Despite the
decline, Brazil fully cooperated with the USG to advance the goals of
bilateral agreements and the 1988 UN Drug Convention.
In 1996, the area of Brazil bordering Peru was heavily used as a
staging area for air shipments of cocaine destined for the United
States. Brazilian trafficking organizations reportedly provided fuel and
airstrips for illicit trafficking purposes.
To address this threat, Brazilian authorities destroyed several
airstrips, and commendably repeated operations when traffickers rebuilt
those cratered airstrips. In a strong commitment to regional
cooperation, Brazilian police cooperated with Peruvian and Colombian
police to deter trafficking in the tri-border area between their
respective countries.
Focussing on the maritime trafficking problems in Brazil's major
seaports, which function as conduits for cocaine shipped to the United
States, Brazil participated in one U.S. Customs port assessment visit to
the major ports of Rio de Janeiro and nearby Santos. Brazil also
tightened enforcement over its chemical companies.
Brazil entered into an agreement with the USG to train police-
prosecutor-judge task forces to bolster the Government of Brazil's (GOB)
counternarcotics effort and to enhance coordination between judges,
prosecutors and police. Corruption is a problem in mid and lower levels
of the DPF that hinders effective enforcement efforts to control drug
trafficking through Brazil.
Authorities disrupted the Saavedra-Shapiama Organization, which
trafficked cocaine from the Amazon region to the United States. With USG
assistance, Brazilian authorities in good faith continue to investigate
this and other narcotics trafficking organizations in the Amazon region.
In May 1996, the Brazilian Senate approved the Amazon Surveillance
System (SIVAM). SIVAM is a detection and monitoring system that will be
used to protect the Amazon region, in part against illicit narcotics
trafficking.
Although the Brazilian government did not sign a Letter of Agreement
(LOA) that would have renewed counternarcotics cooperation with the USG
in 1996, the GOB has demonstrated a strong interest in continuing its
counternarcotics relationship with the USG. The almost $1 million of
1996 counternarcotics funding meant for Brazil instead funded the
Organization of American States Anti-Drug Abuse Control Commission (OAS/
CICAD). In addition to demonstrating a commitment to cooperate further
with the USG on counternarcotics, Brazil participated in important
multilateral counternarcotics initiatives, including an OAS/CICAD
meeting in Uruguay.
Other efforts point of Brazil's achievements in 1996. It proposed a
National Drug Enforcement Plan in 1996. It also hosted several meetings
of the of the mini-Dublin Group in Brasilia to coordinate
counternarcotics assistance from major donors, primarily European
nations. Demand reduction and other multilateral efforts have
successfully raised the profile of the danger of drug trafficking and
abuse in Brazil. Although bank secrecy remained a formidable obstacle in
the battle against money laundering, and
[[Page 254]]
money laundering occurred in
Brazil's banks and exchange houses, in 1996 the congress initiated
debate on a bill to counter money laundering.
Cambodia
In 1996, Cambodia made significant efforts toward addressing drug
trafficking and transit problems, which the Royal Government of Cambodia
has acknowledged. There is a significant flow of heroin transiting
Cambodia which affects the U.S. and other countries. The National
Assembly passed a comprehensive counternarcotics law on December 3,
1996. The statute, drafted with UNDCP assistance and advice, includes
tough anti-money laundering provisions and commits the government to
becoming a party to the 1988 UN Drug Convention.
Other measures taken by the RGC, either separately or in cooperation
with the U.S. and other governments and international organizations,
include reorganizing its ill-trained and equipped 900-person National
Anti-Narcotics Unit into a more effective 40-person National Anti-Drug
Unit, participating in UNDCP conferences, and seeking other avenues to
broaden cooperation with surrounding countries and the international
community. Cambodian drug interdiction efforts resulted in the seizure
of 40 kilograms of heroin and the arrest of 12 heroin couriers working
for Nigerian trafficking organizations. The RGC also continued a program
of marijuana eradication.
The skeletal nature of Cambodia's law enforcement infrastructure,
coupled with an impoverished economy, continues to impede efforts as
assembling comprehensive information about the drug trade in and through
the country. These weaknesses have also made the task of providing
appropriate assistance more critical and, at the same time, more
difficult. The single most important issue Cambodia faces with regard to
its drug trafficking problem, however, is the issue of drug-related
corruption. After the publication in 1995 of allegations tying key
political and business figures to the drug trade, the RGC publicly
called for information which would aid in the prosecution of any such
person. There have, however, been no results yet reported in connection
with these charges. The U.S. will be looking for efforts to deal
vigorously with drug-related corruption, which would otherwise
eventually undermine Cambodia's credibility on the issue of narcotics
control. USG efforts to assist Cambodia in building stronger law
enforcement and judicial institutions are based on the premise that the
upper levels of the RGC will thus have available the appropriate means
for dealing with the issue.
China
China continues to play a key role as a major transit route for
Southeast Asian heroin destined for the U.S. and other Western markets.
Addiction and violent crime associated with China's proximity to the
Golden Triangle and its flow of narcotics continue to engage the
attention of Chinese authorities. In April 1996, China's Ministry of
Public Security began a nationwide anti-crime campaign called ``Strike
Hard,'' which placed special emphasis on drug interdiction efforts:
opium seizures in the first ten months of 1996 were up 26 percent over
all of 1995, and heroin seizures in the first ten months of 1996 were up
47 percent over the entire amount seized in 1995. China continues to be
an active participant in the United Nations Drug Control Program and in
1996 signed mutual legal assistance treaties,
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with specific attention to
narcotics trafficking, with Russia, Mexico and Pakistan. It is also a
party to the 1988 UN Drug Convention.
Counternarcotics and law enforcement cooperation with the United
States continues to be uneven, although senior U.S. and Chinese
officials have publicly recognized the common interest in enhanced
cooperation. Lower level officials continue to express a desire to
expand cooperation, and working-level dialogue and information sharing
have improved and expanded in some respects. Chinese officials
participated in a two-week regional cooperation seminar in Bangkok
conducted by DEA and in a program to help law enforcement officials
detect and prevent illegal transshipments of precursor chemicals. U.S.
Customs representatives also taught interdiction techniques to Chinese
officials in Sichuan Province. But China in 1996 also denied, ``for
now,'' a USG request to be allowed to open a joint DEA/FBI office at the
U.S. Embassy in Beijing.
China's continued strong stand against crime and official corruption
has been widely publicized. Chinese leaders and law enforcement
authorities have recognized that rapid economic growth has contributed
to the spread of corruption, including among lower level officials.
Penalties for such transgressions are severe and include execution.
China is a major chemical producer. The interest PRC officials have
shown in techniques for controlling sales and shipments of chemical
precursors indicates growing recognition of China's role as a target for
criminals seeking to illegally procure or divert such chemicals. China's
recognition of its susceptibility to money laundering also appears to be
growing, but domestic mechanisms for assessing and addressing the
problem are only beginning to catch up to the challenge.
Dominican Republic
In 1996, the Dominican Republic's attention was focused on election
year politics. As a result, although the out-going government cooperated
with counternarcotics operations, it has left the new administration
with unresolved, long-term narcotics-related issues and an environment
of public concern about corruption. Despite the absence of a master
plan, the Government of the Dominican Republic (GODR) remains deeply
committed to the war against narcotics trafficking and consumption.
Following its installation in August 1996, the Fernandez
administration made an anti-corruption agenda and judicial reform high
priorities of the GODR. However, the GODR lacks effective enforcement
mechanisms to eliminate the corruption which undermines the country's
fragile democratic institutions. Additionally, the country's largely
unpatrolled coast, its porous border with Haiti, and poorly paid and
under-equipped police and military make it attractive to Dominican and
Colombian drug transshipment organizations and domestic drug
traffickers. The majority of Dominicans condemn the use of illegal drugs
and support GODR efforts to combat narcotics trafficking; drug
consumption levels are considered low.
The Government of the Dominican Republic cooperated fully with the
United States Government on counternarcotics objectives and goals. Among
the GODR's accomplishments was the arrest of the Cali cartel's Rolando
Florian-Feliz, the DR's most wanted narcotics trafficker.
[[Page 256]]
Due to the absence of effective government supervision of exchange
houses or remittance operations and the presence of large cash flows
which could hide money laundering activity, it is believed that
narcotics money continues to be laundered in the Dominican Republic.
Money laundering is not likely to diminish until the GODR aggressively
implements the money laundering legislation. Many Dominicans who have
committed serious crimes in the United States continue to find refuge in
the Dominican Republic, since local law bars extradition of nationals.
While 1996 negotiations for a new extradition treaty with the former
government did not reach a successful conclusion, the USG is currently
assessing a resumption of talks with the Fernandez administration.
Neither the GODR itself nor senior government officials encourage,
facilitate, or engage in drug trafficking or money laundering as a
matter of government policy. No evidence exists that senior government
officials are involved in drug distribution or money laundering. No
senior government official has been indicted for drug-related corruption
in 1996.
Ecuador
International narcotics traffickers from Colombia and Peru
intensified their efforts to transship cocaine and coca base through
Ecuador. Trafficking organizations ship about 20-40 metric tons (mt) of
coca base from Peru through Ecuador to Colombia for refining into
finished cocaine, and about 30-50 mt of cocaine through Ecuador to the
United States and Europe. Ecuador seized almost nine mt of cocaine in
1996.
Traffickers continued to transship cocaine overland and by river,
and to smuggle chemicals into Ecuador via the Pan American Highway and
Ecuador's extensive river network, sometimes committing armed robberies
of truck drivers transporting chemicals from petroleum companies in
Ecuador's jungle region.
Ecuadoran authorities responded commendably to counter traffickers,
placing emphasis on Guayaquil as a favored cocaine transshipment point.
Authorities made a nearly seven mt seizure of cocaine from a fishing
vessel, the Don Celso, and had it returned from international waters to
search it in Guayaquil. Traffickers had loaded the cocaine into the fuel
tanks of the 150-ft. fishing vessel.
The Ecuador National Policy (ENP), with USG assistance, identified a
major cocaine processing facility just west of Quito in a town called
Santo Domingo de los Colorados. Authorities dismantled the lab, but many
said it demonstrated a shift in trafficker activity from neighboring
countries to Ecuador.
The Government of Ecuador (GOE) demonstrated its commitment to
regional counternarcotics cooperation efforts. In an unprecedented law
enforcement cooperation effort with Peru, Ecuadoran police deported to
Peru Willer Alvarado Linares, a.k.a. ``Champa,'' a Peruvian drug kingpin
with close ties to the Cali Cartel. With USG assistance, the ENP
dismantled a major drug trafficking organization in Ecuador reportedly
run by a Cali-connected trafficker, Jose Castrillon Henao. Ecuadoran
authorities continued the prosecution of Jorge Hugo Reyes Torres, a
jailed drug kingpin, also tied to Cali.
[[Page 257]]
Although police-military cooperation, maritime cooperation, and
inadequate money laundering legislation remained problems, GOE officials
made a good faith effort to resolve these issues. The GOE participated
in drug enforcement and customs training courses, continued some
information-sharing efforts, and attended a money laundering seminar.
The Ecuadoran Supreme Court entered into an agreement with the USG
on administration of justice. The USG bought five computers and a laser
printer in support of Ecuador's ambitious judicial reform effort.
Allegations of corruption in the judiciary and in other branches of the
government plagued the former Bacaram administration, and now plague the
current administration of interim President Alarcon, hindering effective
counternarcotics efforts.
Despite these problems, Ecuadoran government officials demonstrate
continued interest in working with the USG to address more effectively
narcotics trafficking problems that threaten to erode democratic
institutions. Ecuador is a party to the 1988 UN Drug Convention and has
bilateral agreements with the USG. Ecuador has fully cooperated with the
USG to advance the goals and objectives of these agreements.
Guatemala
Despite the political distractions of the ongoing peace process,
Guatemala continued to cooperate fully with U.S. counternarcotics goals
and objectives. Law enforcement cooperation between Guatemala and the
United States has been excellent. With USG support, Guatemalan
government (GOG) counternarcotics officials seized almost four metric
tons of cocaine, a significant increase over previous years.
GOG experts estimate that at least one out of four Guatemalan adults
suffers from some sort of chemical dependency, principally alcohol
abuse. Illicit drug use has not been effectively documented, but GOG
officials believe it has increased steadily since 1990 and contributes
to the extremely high level of violence in the country, especially in
the capital city.
The Department of Anti-Narcotics Operations (DOAN), the country's
principal counternarcotics organization, fully cooperated with USG
agencies on information-sharing, joint operations, and special
investigations targeting international drug trafficking networks. Also
in 1996, a major corruption ring centered on customs tax evasion and
extortion was uncovered, giving the GOG further impetus to criminalize
money laundering and develop the capability to investigate suspect
financial transactions.
Recent information indicates that significant quantities of
precursor chemicals, mostly ephedrine, are being diverted through
Guatemala to Mexico and the United States. The government has not yet
taken steps to halt that traffic, which is not currently illegal in
Guatemala. The GOG has, however, requested and will receive USG
technical assistance on how to combat this illicit trafficking. In early
1997, Guatemala hosted a regional seminar to address the problem of the
control and regulation of precursor chemicals.
The GOG does not, as a matter of government policy, encourage or
facilitate illicit production or distribution of narcotic or
psychotropic drugs or controlled substances, or the laundering of
proceeds from illegal drug transactions. In addition, no senior
government official facilitates or encourages
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the illicit production or
distribution of such drugs or substances or the laundering of proceeds
from illegal drug transactions.
Haiti
Haiti continues to cooperate with U.S. counternarcotics goals and
objectives. The Government of Haiti (GOH) confronts a staggering array
of issues that compete for the attention of its already stretched
professional and managerial talent and consequently impedes rapid
progress on counternarcotics issues. Despite these obstacles, the GOH
made definite progress in counternarcotics issues in 1996.
The GOH began to reform its existing narcotics laws and to develop a
national narcotics plan and money laundering legislation. With USG
support, a Haitian Coast Guard (HCG) unit was established; a
Counternarcotics Unit (CNU) was trained; and new chiefs for both units
were installed. The changeover in leadership of the CNU proved
particularly time-consuming and, despite sincere efforts, the CNU was
not functioning in its permanent quarters at the airport by the end of
1996. Nevertheless, the commitment of the Haitian National Police (HNP)
leadership to maintain high standards of performance within these two
units is notable.
The HCG began operating in August 1996 and scored two major cocaine
seizures amounting to 938 kgs. in its first two months of operation. The
interdiction and maritime boarding experience in these two operations
represented a training opportunity that contributed to the HCG's ability
to eventually conduct independent operations.
The USG has made a strong commitment to assist Haiti in establishing
stable democratic institutions. As a part of this effort, the USG
intends to work with the GOH towards conclusion of a bilateral maritime
agreement, and to continue its efforts to assist the GOH with its
narcotics-related agenda and legal reform programs. The USG will also
assist the HNP in establishing regional law enforcement contacts and
continue to provide support for both the HCG and the CNU.
In 1996, the GOH continued to give USG officials high-level
assurances of its commitment to drug control, and those assurances have
been supported by concrete progress in establishing Haitian counter-drug
institutions. However, Haiti still has a number of major goals to
achieve before it will be able to take significant, independent action
in counternarcotics.
Hong Kong
Hong Kong's role as a money laundering base for the international
drug trade continues to grow, while its role as a transit point for
drugs appears to have lessened. There were no drug seizures in the
United States in the first 10 months of 1996 unequivocally linking Hong
Kong to the U.S. as a transit point for drugs. The overall pattern of
drug trafficking in the region, however, continues to point to Hong Kong
as a key transshipment point for drugs destined for the U.S. and other
Western markets.
Hong Kong authorities continued to strengthen the legislative
framework for combatting narcotics trafficking. They extended licensing
controls to an additional 21 precursor chemicals, introduced
implementing legislation for bilateral extradition agreements and
proposed legislation establishing heavier sentences for drug traffickers
who target the young. On December 20, 1996, the U.S. and Hong Kong
signed an agreement for the surrender of fu-
[[Page 259]]
gitive offenders (an
extradition agreement) and the two sides have initialled a Mutual Legal
Assistance Agreement that will expand the basis for mutual legal
assistance over a wide range of criminal activity, including that
currently covered by a Bilateral Narcotics Agreement, which will be
terminated by its terms on June 30, 1997.
Hong Kong's mature and experienced law enforcement structure is
characterized by dedication and no reported narcotics-related corruption
among senior officials. Cooperation between the United States and Hong
Kong on matters relating to drug trafficking and money laundering
continues to be excellent.
India
India is the sole producer of licit opium gum for the pharmaceutical
industry, a significant cultivator of opium poppies in remote regions of
northwest and northeast India and a transit country for opiates from
both Southwest and Southeast Asia. Controls over the licit opium
industry have been continuously tightened for the past five years but,
due to the method of production, some diversion probably continues. The
well-developed transportation infrastructure in India, combined with
porous borders from neighboring source countries, has made India an
attractive transit country for traffickers.
As a licit producer of opium, India must meet an additional
certification requirement. In accordance with Section 490(c) of the
Foreign Assistance Act, it must maintain licit production and stockpiles
at levels no higher than those consistent with licit market demand and
take adequate steps to prevent significant diversion of its licit
cultivation and production into illicit markets and to prevent illicit
cultivation and production.
In 1996, India continued to take steps to curtail diversion of licit
opium, which remains a concern. The minimum qualifying yield (MQY) for
relicensing to cultivate opium poppy was raised from 46 to 48 kilograms
per hectare in most growing areas, and offenses related to cultivation
and embezzlement of opium are now on par with other trafficking crimes.
Sentences of up to 20 years' imprisonment can be imposed.
Although the Government of India (GOI) did not agree to direct USG
participation in the 1996 opium yield survey, it did allow U.S.
scientists to observe the survey and to work with Indian scientists to
include new parameters in future opium yield surveys. A comprehensive
opium yield survey verifies data on crop yields, establishes practicable
levels of MQY, and better quantifies diversion.
Indian opium gum, a principal source of the baine and other
alkaloids essential to certain pharmaceuticals, is in demand by U.S. and
other pharmaceutical firms. India once again increased opium poppy
cultivation because of the pharmaceutical demand and a desire to
establish once again a stockpile against a crop disaster. Opium
production rose to 849 mt in 1996 from 833 mt in 1995 (all measures at
ten percent moisture).
India has illicit opium poppy cultivation, primarily in areas such
as Jammu and Kashmir, where GOI control is challenged by insurgent
groups. USG remote sensing in 1996 indicated illicit cultivation on
3,400 hectares, with a theoretical yield of 47 metric tons of opium, a
decrease from the previous year's estimate. However, despite efforts by
the GOI based on sus-
[[Page 260]]
pect coordinates provided by the USG, it was able to
find only small areas of poppy cultivation.
The GOI continues to make progress in controlling the production and
export of precursor chemicals. The GOI has a cooperative relationship
with the DEA, especially on precursor chemical issues, and has agreed
not to allow any shipment unless DEA issues a letter of non-objection.
Trafficking in illegally produced methaqualone (mandrax), a popular drug
in Africa, is still believed to be a major problem, although seizures
fell in 1996.
Authorities have had limited success in prosecuting major narcotics
trafficking organizations because of the lack of enforcement funding and
weaknesses in the investigations infrastructure. The GOI stresses
cooperation among law enforcement entities. India cooperates in
``controlled deliveries'' that have resulted in arrests in six
countries.
The USG receives reports of narcotics-linked corruption, but cannot
independently verify the extent. No senior-level politician or
bureaucrat has been accused of narcotics-related corruption.
India is party to the 1988 UN Drug Convention, and Indian officials
state that it is drafting legislation needed on asset seizures and money
laundering. In the meantime, its law enforcement agencies are without
the tools to achieve fully the Convention's goals and objectives.
India fulfilled the requirements of FAA Section 490(c) to maintain
licit production and stockpiles at levels no higher than consistent with
market demand. It also continued to take steps to reduce diversion from
the licit crop, although not agreeing to use a crop yield survey as the
basis for setting the minimum qualifying yield for license renewal. The
GOI, upon receipt of information on suspected illicit crops, acted
promptly to seek out and destroy the plots. For 1996, India's efforts
meet the additional certification requirements of FAA Section 490(c).
The United States continues to work with the GOI in the following areas:
taking effective action against major narcotics trafficking syndicates
and kingpins; implementing effective measures on money laundering and
asset seizure; permitting U.S. participation in opium crop surveys; and
eradicating illicit poppy cultivation.
Jamaica
Jamaica produces marijuana and is a significant cocaine transit
country. The Government of Jamaica (GOJ) made some progress during 1996
to achieve the goals and objectives of the 1988 UN Drug Convention, to
which it became a party in December 1995. In December 1996, the Jamaican
parliament passed a money laundering law, which, although somewhat
limited in scope in that it criminalizes only the laundering of the
proceeds of drug-related crime, is the beginning of a money laundering
control regime. Although the GOJ has yet to prosecute asset forfeiture
cases under the relevant 1994 act, it did establish a special unit which
is currently investigating two such cases. Action on drafting a
precursor chemical bill was deferred to 1997. GOJ-USG negotiations on a
maritime counternarcotics cooperation agreement, which commenced in
1996, had been impeded by Jamaica's declaration of exclusive law
enforcement authority in its exclusive economic zone (EEZ). In December
1996, the GOJ withdrew its EEZ declaration, and negotiations resumed in
February 1997, in a spirit of cooperation and willingness to conclude an
agreement. Although the rate of extraditions declined markedly, from six
in 1995 to one (under a waiver of ex-
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tradition) in 1996, partly
attributable to new Jamaican legal procedures regarding appeals, the GOJ
expelled or deported to the U.S. eight U.S.-citizen fugitives during
1996. However, a sizeable number of extradition requests to the GOJ
remain open.
According to DEA, Jamaican police counternarcotics cooperation in
1996 remained at the high levels of 1995, but drug arrests, cocaine
seizures, and cannabis eradication fell somewhat below the goals and
objectives of our bilateral letter of agreement (LOA). Signed by the GOJ
and USG, the 1996 LOA set an objective of significantly increasing drug
arrests and cocaine and heroin seizures. Drug-related arrests in 1996
(3,263) were down slightly from the 1995 level (3,705). Cocaine seizures
in 1996 (236 kg) were also reduced from the 1995 level (571 kg). Heroin
seizures increased slightly in 1996 (1 kg) compared to 1995 (zero kg).
Marijuana seizures, on the other hand, increased significantly (52.99 mt
in 1996, compared to 37.20 mt in 1995), bolstered by one very large
seizure late in 1996. The 1996 LOA set an eradication goal of 800
hectares of cannabis. During 1996, 473 hectares were eradicated,
compared to 695 hectares in 1995, with the area under cultivation
estimated to be the same both years. U.S.-provided helicopters used to
assist eradication efforts were grounded for safety reasons for part of
the year.
Jamaica's National Council on Drug Abuse (NCDA) continued its demand
reduction efforts, becoming increasingly self-reliant and prominent.
Jamaica's national drug control strategy has been drafted and is
awaiting government approval for implementation. The GOJ has not
formally charged any senior government official with drug-related
activity, but several Jamaican policemen and court employees have been
arrested and charged on drug and drug-related charges. The Jamaican
media continues to report allegations of drug-related corruption among
public officials including the police.
In 1997, in order to fully carry out the goals and objectives of the
1988 UN Drug Convention, the GOJ needs to strengthen its money
laundering control law, pass a chemical control law, and continue to
modernize its full range of drug control laws and penalties. Jamaica's
greatest challenge will be decisive implementation of such laws. The GOJ
also needs to conclude a maritime cooperation agreement, intensify its
effort to respond to U.S. extradition requests, prosecute asset
forfeiture cases, and increases the conviction rate of those arrested
for drug-related crimes. On the bilateral level, in order to make better
use of U.S. counter-drug and anti-crime assistance, Jamaica needs to
intensify its drug law enforcement and marijuana eradication efforts,
tighten the security of its export shipments to keep drugs out of them,
and participate fully in combined maritime counterdrug operations. In
addition, the GOJ needs to formally approve its national drug control
strategy and systematically implement it. The GOJ should take decisive
measures to root out drug-related corruption among public officials
which undermines drug control efforts.
Laos
Laos is still a distant third, after Burma and Afghanistan, in world
production of illicit opium. The 1995/96 growing cycle saw an estimated
increase of 11% in opium production over the 1994/95 level; this was a
little over 50% of the record level set in 1989. Regions of Laos covered
by USG- and UNDCP-funded crop substitution projects, however, saw only
low levels of poppy cultivation. In May, the Lao Government passed an amend-
[[Page 262]]
ment to its existing drug control law which banned opium production
and increased penalties for trafficking. It believes, however, that
rigorous enforcement of the provision outlawing opium production
requires adequate programs to provide alternative sources of income to
farmers and continues to press its case for adequate assistance from the
international community to enable it to fully implement its anti-
narcotics action plan.
Reservations about its ability to enforce the legislation banning
opium production notwithstanding, the Government of Laos continued to
participate actively in regional counternarcotics efforts. It signed a
UNDCP-sponsored project document on regional law enforcement cooperation
and hosted a regional working level conference on the trafficking of
precursor chemicals and the involvement of West African drug traffickers
in Southeast Asia. Bilateral cooperation with the United States,
however, remained at the center of Laos' counternarcotics endeavors. USG
funding of the Houaphan crop control project continued, and the Lao
formed two additional Special Counternarcotics Units, one in Savannakhet
and one in Bokeo, with USG assistance. In November, the Lao Government
approved the assignment of a DEA representative to the American Embassy
in Vientiane. Overall Lao cooperation with the USG on counternarcotics
matters remains excellent; while low-level corruption is assumed to
exist, there is little to indicate high-level or systematic drug-related
corruption in the Lao government. Laos' vigorous enforcement over the
coming year of its newly enacted laws outlawing opium production and
increasing the penalties for drug trafficking will be an important
signal of its long-term commitment to controlling its drug problem.
Malaysia
Malaysia is a transit country for heroin bound for the U.S., Europe
and other destinations. Malaysia's anti-trafficking laws include a
mandatory death sentence for convicted traffickers. Law enforcement
authorities are pressing for enactment of a conspiracy law to enable
prosecution of traffickers who escape prosecution under existing
criminal statutes. In addition, the Government of Malaysia has
instituted a number of bureaucratic measures, including the
establishment of a new interagency group headed by the Prime Minister,
to bolster enforcement and demand reduction activities. Malaysia is also
a party to the 1988 UN Drug Convention.
Cooperation between Malaysian law enforcement officials and DEA
continued to expand in 1996. Negotiation of a bilateral Mutual Legal
Assistance Treaty between Malaysia and the U.S. is proceeding smoothly.
Both governments hope to conclude the treaty in 1997. Malaysia and the
United States also cooperated on drug abuse prevention (demand
reduction) programs, many of them directed at rehabilitation center
inmates. These programs are of particular concern to the Malaysian
Government in view of rising addiction rates. Existing rehabilitation
centers have also been a focal point of the lower-level narcotics-
related corruption which is known to exist: guard and treatment center
employees have sold narcotics to inmates. The Malaysian Government has
proposed an amendment to the Dangerous Drugs Act to strengthen the
penalty for such activities.
Malaysia is also beginning to look toward money laundering as a
vulnerable point in its overall legal and institutional structure.
Senior government officials have publicly expressed concern about
possible misuse of Malaysia's offshore financial center, Labuan, to
launder money. Malaysia has now
[[Page 263]]
endorsed the Commonwealth Secretariat's
efforts to produce model anti-money laundering legislation.
Mexico
The Government of Mexico's (GOM) 1996 counter-drug effort produced
encouraging results and notable progress in bilateral cooperation.
President Zedillo has declared the major drug trafficking organizations,
and the corruption they foster within governmental structures, to be
Mexico's principal national security threat. He has intensified the
country's counter-drug effort, in keeping with international human
rights norms, both through legal reforms and operationally, through the
expanded participation of the nation's military services.
Drug seizures and arrests increased in 1996. Mexican authorities
seized 23.8 mt of cocaine, 383 kgs of heroin, 1015 mt of marijuana,
171.7 kgs of methamphetamine and 6.7 mt of ephedrine (its chemical
precursor), and destroyed 20 drug labs. Police arrested 11,283 suspects
on drug-related charges. Authorities arrested a several major
traffickers: Juan Garcia Abrego, Gulf cartel leader and one of the FBI's
``Ten Most Wanted'' fugitive; Jose Luis Pereira Salas, linked to the
Cali and Juarez cartels; and Manuel Rodriguez Lopez, linked to the
Castrillon maritime smuggling organization.
The Mexican Congress passed two critical pieces of legislation which
have armed the GOM with a whole new arsenal of weapons to use to combat
money laundering, chemical diversion and organized crime. The GOM
established organized crime task forces in key locations in northern and
western Mexico in cooperation with U.S. law enforcement. In an effort to
confront widespread corruption within the nation's law enforcement
agencies, former Attorney General Lozano dismissed over 1250 federal
police officers and technical personnel for corruption or incompetence,
although some have been rehired, and the GOM indicted two former senior
GOM officials and a current Undersecretary of Tourism. He also sought to
expand cooperation with the United States and other governments.
The United States and Mexico established the High-Level Contact
Group on Narcotics Control (HLCG) to explore joint solutions to the
shared drug threat and to coordinate bilateral anti-drug efforts. The
HLCG met three times during 1996 and its technical working groups met
throughout the year. Under the aegis of the HLCG, the two governments
developed a joint assessment of the narcotics threat posed to both
countries which will be used as the basis for a joint counter-drug
strategy.
U.S.-Mexican bilateral cooperation on drug law enforcement continued
to improve in 1996, particularly in the areas of money laundering,
mutual legal assistance, and criminal investigations. The USG provided
training, technical, and material support to personnel of the Office of
the Mexican Attorney General (PGR), the National Institute to Combat
Drugs (INCD), the Mexican Treasury, and the Mexican armed forces. The
Government of Mexico established the important precedent of extraditing
Mexican nationals to the United States under the provision of Mexico's
extradition law permitting this in ``exceptional circumstances.'' This
paves the way for further advances in bringing fugitives to justice.
Both governments returned record numbers of fugitives in 1996.
Even with positive results, and good cooperation with the U.S. and
other governments, the problems which Mexico faces remain daunting. The
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Zedillo Administration has taken important beginning steps against the
major drug cartels in Mexico, and towards more effective cooperation
with the United States and other international partners, but the
strongest groups, such as the Juarez and Tijuana cartels, have yet to be
effectively confronted. The level of narcotics corruption is very
serious, reaching into the very senior levels of Mexico's drug law
enforcement forces, as witnessed by the February 1997 arrest of the
recently-appointed national counternarcotics coordinator. President
Zedillo acted courageously to remove him as soon as the internal Mexican
investigation revealed the problem, but this has been a set-back for
Mexico's anti-drug effort, and for bilateral cooperation.
Mexican police, military personnel, prosecutors, and the courts need
additional resources, training and other support to perform the
important and dangerous tasks ahead of them. Progress in establishing
controls on money laundering and chemical diversion must be further
enhanced and implemented. New capabilities need to be institutionalized.
Above all, the GOM will have to take system-wide action against
corruption and other abuses of official authority through enhanced
screening personnel in sensitive positions and putting into place
ongoing integrity controls.
While there are still serious problems, and a number of areas in
which the USG would like to see further progress, the two governments
have agreed on the parameters of a joint approach to combat the
narcotics threat, and are at work on developing this strategy. The drug
issue will remain one of the top issues in the bilateral agenda and will
be one of the main issues discussed during President Clinton's planned
visit to Mexico in April.
Panama
Panama continued to cooperate with the United States to achieve our
counternarcotics goals and objectives in 1996. The Government of
Panama's (GOP) achievements in 1996 included an eradication campaign
which resulted in the elimination of the country's fledgling coca
cultivation and significant damage to marijuana cultivation, aggressive
and effective prevention and education campaigns, and the first-ever
conviction of a major money launderer from the Colon Free Zone. In one
of the region's most significant arrests, the GOP captured the Cali
cartel's primary maritime smuggler, Jose Castrillon Henao, who is
scheduled for trial in 1997. The USG provided six helicopters to the GOP
in late 1996, for the express purpose of combatting narcotics.
Following up on full congressional certification for the past two
years, and spurred on by last year's legislation tightening money
laundering regulations, the Government of Panama made Latin America's
first financial analysis unit operational, resulting in the presentation
of patterns of money laundering to the GOP's National Security Council
for eventual prosecution.
Panama continues to be a major financial and commercial center
ideally positioned for narcotics smuggling and illicit financial
transactions. Money laundering remains the primary problem in Panama.
Local factors facilitating money laundering include bank secrecy, the
Colon Free Zone, inadequate controls on cash and commodity imports/
exports, lax incorporation regulations, and a dollar-based economy. The
GOP has taken definite steps to address these problems, including the
start-up of a financial analysis
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unit and the establishment of
computerized data bases for tracking financial movements in the Colon
Free Zone. The GOP also established a financial investigative unit which
will prepare cases of money laundering for prosecution. Armed with more
effective legal, policy, and institutional underpinnings, the GOP
expects to counter money laundering activities more successfully in
1997.
The GOP needs to continue to crack down on both money laundering and
drug trafficking, follow through on reports of suspicious transactions
by arresting and convicting major money launderers, improve interdiction
capabilities, and make effective use of the financial analysis unit.
Paraguay
The government of Juan Carlos Wasmosy cooperated fully with the
United States in 1996. Government of Paraguay (GOP) anti-drug efforts
improved substantially, and the government took adequate measures to
further its compliance with the goals and objectives of the 1988 UN Drug
Convention. Scarce resources, public corruption, and an only partially-
reformed legal system remain obstacles to more effective
counternarcotics action, but the GOP has demonstrated its commitment to
combatting the drug trade.
President Wasmosy appointed an activist Director to the National
Anti-drug Executive Secretariat (SENAD) in June, who immediately sought
a closer, more productive relationship with the United States and with
Paraguay's neighbors. Assuming the post with a reputation for honesty,
Carlos Ayala made cocaine trafficking groups the SENAD's top priority.
He has removed anti-drug officers implicated in corrupt practices, and
focused Paraguay's investigative resources on Paraguay's top
traffickers. Under Ayala's leadership, SENAD developed a comprehensive
national anti-drug strategy, which President Wasmosy presented to the
nation in late fall. Ayala also launched a new approach to combat drug
abuse.
The Paraguayan Congress, with strong support from the executive
branch, in December enacted an anti-money laundering law consistent with
international standards. SENAD Chief Ayala initiated a revision of
Paraguay's anti-narcotics statute which would explicitly authorize
undercover operations and controlled deliveries. The GOP is pushing for
congressional approval of the amendment early in 1997.
The SENAD continued large-scale marijuana eradication operations,
worked closely with DEA on training and equipping the Anti-narcotics
Police (DINAR) Special Intelligence and Investigative Unit, and assessed
the threat of precursor chemical trafficking and diversion in Paraguay.
Meanwhile, on the international front, the GOP signed agreements with
Brazil and Argentina to cooperate in combatting trans-border criminal
activity, including drug trafficking, and Paraguayan officials initiated
working-level coordination meetings with counterparts in these
countries. The SENAD also agreed with Bolivian counterparts to share
intelligence and to conduct joint operations.
In 1997, the GOP should secure passage of a strengthened anti-drug
law and begin to forcefully implement its new money laundering statute.
The USG will assist the GOP in creating an interagency financial crimes
investigative unit. Paraguay also must improve its ability to
investigate drug and other organized crime groups in the tri-border
area, particularly in the cit-
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ies of Pedro Juan Caballero and Ciudad del
Este, and we expect the GOP to pursue key drug trafficking and
corruption cases in the coming year.
Peru
Peru is the world's largest coca producer. The USG has consistently
urged the Government of Peru (GOP) to fulfill its signatory obligations
under the 1961 Single Convention and the 1988 UN Drug Convention,
particularly with regard to reducing its coca production. In 1996, the
GOP cooperated fully with the United States in efforts to achieve the
goals and objectives of the UN drug conventions. Last year, total coca
cultivation decreased by 18 percent, from 115,300 hectares in 1995 to
94,400 hectares in 1996. The level of cultivation in Peru was the lowest
since 1986.
Contributing to the reduction was widespread abandonment of coca
fields by farmers due to depressed cocaine base prices. Cocaine base
prices were held below the break-even point by Peruvian National Police
and Peruvian Air Force actions against the narcotics trafficking
transportation infrastructure. During 1996, the joint USG-GOP
alternative development program established a foothold to begin economic
restructuring in coca cultivating areas. Some 226 communities signed
agreements to reduce illicit coca cultivation by approximately 15,000
hectares over the next five years, in exchange for assistance to
increase productivity and income from licit alternative crops.
Peruvian National Police operations seized greater amounts of
cocaine base and coca leaf, but less cocaine hydrochloride (HCl) than in
1995. Efforts to arrest and prosecute major Peruvian traffickers
maintained the GOP's stiff narcotics policy, and contributed to disarray
among major trafficking organizations. Still, there was strong evidence
that Peruvian traffickers continued to refine cocaine hydrochloride and
ship it directly to Mexico for distribution in the United States.
President Fujimori continued to take a tough public stance against
narcotics corruption, and in 1996 created a special drug court system to
handle drug offenses. The U.S. Embassy reported that incidents of
military and police drug corruption were quickly addressed by the GOP.
In April 1996, the GOP passed Law 824, which established a civilian
drug council (CONTRADROGAS). CONTRADROGAS was created to coordinate the
efforts of the various GOP agencies involved in counternarcotics
efforts, and to implement the Peruvian National Drug Strategy announced
in 1994.
In 1997, the GOP must mount an aggressive effort to attract
additional donor funding to expand alternative development efforts while
coca farmers are still receptive to licit economic alternatives. The GOP
must also ensure that the narcotics law enforcement effort which has
suppressed cocaine base prices is intensified to address riverborne
narcotics traffic and sustain the existing aerial intercept effort.
Taiwan
Taiwan's geographical location relative to the Golden Triangle and
its importance as an advanced regional transportation and shipping
center make it a major transit point for drugs destined for the U.S. and
other markets. Taiwan authorities dispute this assessment, citing
reduced seizures and arrests as a signal of the deterrent effect of
their considerable counter-
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narcotics efforts. The pattern of trafficking
in the region, however, suggests that because of its geographic location
and its ports, Taiwan will remain a target for drug traffickers. Taiwan
law enforcement authorities, in fact, recently expressed concern that
Hong Kong-based drug traffickers may be collaborating with Taiwan
organized crime groups to transfer their base of operations to Taiwan
before Hong Kong reverts to Chinese sovereignty in July of 1997, and
their cooperation with the U.S. on counternarcotics efforts continues to
be good.
Taiwan's law enforcement cooperation with DEA (under the auspices of
the American Institute in Taiwan) and other U.S. agencies expanded in
1996. Taiwan is setting up a new National Drug Intelligence Center; we
envisage increased cooperation with U.S. law enforcement agencies
resulting from this. The American Institute in Taiwan and the Taiwan
Economic and Cultural Representative Office continue to negotiate a
Memorandum of Understanding to provide a framework for even broader
counternarcotics cooperation. Taiwan has been conducting an aggressive
anti-crime campaign on other fronts, as well, including prosecuting
cases of public corruption. There are, however, no known cases of
official involvement in narcotics trafficking.
In 1996, Taiwan also passed money laundering legislation meant to
bring it into closer conformity with the goals and objectives of the
1988 UN Drug Convention. While the law enhances the ability of law
enforcement officials to deal with the problem, it requires a number of
revisions to enable Taiwan to meet international standards.
Thailand
Thailand remains a major transit route for drugs destined for the
U.S. and other markets and produces about one per cent of Southeast
Asia's opiates. It continues to serve as a model for the region as a
result of its successful efforts to control opium production and its
commitment to prosecuting drug producers and traffickers. Opium
production in the 1995/96 growing season increased from an estimated 25
metric tons in the previous season to 30 metric tons. The upsurge in
opium and heroin prices shortly after the destabilization of Khun Sa's
trafficking operations in Burma was largely responsible for more
widespread opium cultivation. Thailand's actions to close off sections
of the Thai border with Burma, however, had helped create the conditions
leading to Khun Sa's decision to reach a settlement with the SLORC.
In January of 1996, Thailand extradited a former Member of
Parliament to the United States for prosecution on drug trafficking
charges. Two ``Operation Tiger Trap'' defendants (part of drug lord Khun
Sa's trafficking operation) were also extradited to the U.S. later in
the year. Thirteen individuals have been arrested thus far in connection
with this major ``sweep.''
Thai cooperation with U.S. law enforcement officials remains
excellent. Thailand's Office of the Narcotics Control Board and the
Police Narcotics Suppression Bureau continue to exhibit a high degree of
professionalism. Corruption continues to be a problem in the Police
Department, which lacks an effective internal security apparatus to hold
officers accountable for wrongdoing. Elements of the Royal Thai Army and
Thai Customs have also been publicly accused of corruption. The Royal
Thai Government as
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a whole, however, supports a policy of active
measures against drug production and trafficking.
Thailand is vulnerable to money laundering. A bill to enact
legislation has been stalled for a number of years. In late November,
the newly-elected Prime Minister promised the President that the
legislation would be given special handling to hasten its passage.
Passage of appropriate anti-money laundering legislation would enable
Thailand to become a party to the 1988 UN Drug Convention.
Like other countries in the region, Thailand may find itself
becoming an even larger market for the region's opium, heroin and
amphetamine production as the region's economic expansion continues. We
will be urging Thailand to enact a conspiracy law to further enhance its
ability to mount effective counternarcotics efforts and to establish an
amplified crop control program.
Venezuela
Venezuela continued to be a major transit country for cocaine
shipped from Colombia to the United States, and for chemicals
transhipped through Venezuelan ports, as well as a money laundering
center. Law enforcement agencies estimate that between 100-200 metric
tons (mt) of cocaine are shipped through Venezuela to the United States
and Europe. The Government of Venezuela (GOV) seized only about six mt
of cocaine, almost identical to the amount it seized in 1995. Heroin
seizures declined by 27 percent, from 96 kilograms (kg) in 1995 to 70 kg
in 1996.
A significant decision this year was President Caldera's appointment
of a politically powerful drug czar and elevation of this position to a
cabinet rank. However, the GOV must produce more concrete
counternarcotics results to match this demonstration of political will
during the next year.
Venezuela's main port, Puerto Cabello, is a favored point for
illicit smuggling by narcotics trafficking syndicates. The same is true
of other ports along Venezuela's long coastline. Venezuela's airspace
offers further opportunities for trafficking. Traffickers transport
cocaine by small aircraft primarily to Venezuela's border states of
Tachira and Apure. Traffickers risk little by transporting cocaine
through Venezuela due to weak and ineffectual law enforcement
interdiction efforts.
The United States designated Venezuela as a recipient of more than
$12 million worth of USG drawdown defense equipment. The Venezuelan
Armed Forces adopted a counterdrug strategy, which defines its role as
supporting the National Guard (GN) and police forces. The GOV is working
with the United States to create a Joint Police/Military
Counternarcotics Intelligence Center. However, much more needs to be
done to improve communication and coordination between the GN and the
Navy, Air Force and Army to implement the strategy.
Maritime cooperation was disrupted by GOV denials of four USG
requests from United States Coast Guard Law Enforcement Detachments from
third country vessels to board suspected Venezuelan narcotics
trafficking vessels in international waters. However, USG and GOV
authorities are currently seeking to broker a maritime agreement.
Although the GOV lacks effective controls over certain precursor
chemicals, it made significant seizures of chemicals at Puerto Cabello.
The GOV
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also continued to make significant progress against illicit
cultivation. Venezuelan authorities identified replantings of about 500
hectares (ha) of coca and opium poppy fields in the Sierra de Perija
region on the border with Colombia. With USG assistance, those
replantings were eradicated. Since 1994, joint efforts have reduced
estimated illicit plantings from 1,000 ha to 200 ha.
The GOV permitted the basing of United States military assets and
personnel in Venezuela in an effort to cooperate on Operation Laser
Strike, a United States Southern Command regional air interdiction
operation.
Money laundering in Venezuela continued in its financial network of
banks and non-bank institutions because of weak banking supervision and
regulatory authority. Although Venezuela passed a drug law in 1993 that
included provisions on money laundering, key provisions are lacking,
including one on conspiracy.
Allegations of corruption plague the judicial branch and some
elements of the GN. Law enforcement agencies believe that corruption in
the GN is a problem, hobbling the effectiveness of counternarcotics
efforts. These shortfalls have raised the USG's concern about
trafficking through Venezuela to the United States. Venezuela must move
swiftly to reform its judicial branch, whose corruption threatens to
prevent Venezuela from combatting its drug problem and from protecting
its democratic institutions and national territory from international
drug traffickers.
Despite such problems, eradication efforts, the elevated rank of the
drug czar, Venezuela's first national epidemiological survey, and other
counternarcotics efforts reflect the GOV's spirit of cooperation to
advance the goals and objectives of the 1988 UN Drug Convention and
bilateral agreements with the United States. However, the USG will
scrutinize Venezuela's efforts in the coming year and will expect the
GOV to be vigorously engaged in increased cooperation on drug
interdiction, money laundering, chemical control, anti-corruption
efforts and conclusion of a comprehensive bilateral maritime cooperation
agreement.
Vietnam
Vietnam's increased trade and tourism have opened new routes for
Southeast Asian heroin shipments to such consumer markets as Australia,
North America and Europe. The SRV continues to battle against narcotics
trafficking but has yet to overcome problems of corruption within the
military and police. The SRV does, nonetheless, appear to be actively
engaged on the counternarcotics issue, conducting a demand reduction
media campaign as well as police operations and crop eradication
programs. SRV statistics reflect cultivation of 1800 hectares of opium
poppy during 1995/96. USG estimates, however, place the cultivation
level at 3,150 hectares.
Vietnam created a Drug Control Master Plan in 1995 which calls for
the eradication of opium cultivation by the year 2000. In October of
1996, the SRV promulgated implementing regulations for articles of the
criminal code related to narcotics. The new regulations permit asset
seizures in narcotics cases. Vietnam joined the Association of Southeast
Asian Nations Drug Control Cooperation Program in 1996. Vietnam has also
stated that it expects to ratify the 1988 UN Drug Convention in 1997. It
is currently drafting a comprehensive narcotics control law, based on
the tenets of the 1988 Convention, which is expected to go before the
National Assembly in
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1997. The law will include statutes related to the
control of chemical precursors and provide for controlled shipments as
an investigative technique.
SRV interdiction efforts resulted in 6,000 narcotics-related arrests
in 1996, twice as many as in 1995. SRV law enforcement agencies are
working with the UNDCP to create special counternarcotics squads across
the country. U.S.-SRV cooperation on narcotics issues expanded
throughout 1996. Training initiatives included DEA training for Ministry
of Interior narcotics control teams in Hanoi and U.S. Customs Service
training for Vietnamese customs officers in Ho Chi Minh City. Several
senior Vietnamese narcotics officers also traveled to the United States
for consultations with U.S. counterparts. The U.S. hopes to increase the
level of its assistance to Vietnam. To that end, it plans to engage the
SRV in drafting a Memorandum of Understanding on counternarcotics
cooperation; a successful outcome, however, will depend to a great
extent on the SRV's coming to grips with the conditionality involved in
any expanded U.S. assistance.
VITAL NATIONAL INTERESTS JUSTIFICATIONS
Belize
Because of a significant increase in the detected activities of
Colombian drug trafficking organizations in Belize in 1995, Belize was
added to the list of major drug producing and transit countries for
1996. Belizean traffickers are also working with Mexican groups to move
the Colombian cocaine north to the United States. These criminal
activities continued throughout 1996, but the ability of the Government
of Belize (GOB) to combat them was severely undermined by deeply-
entrenched corruption, which reaches into senior levels of government.
The GOB's accomplishments weighed against those areas where progress
was lacking have led to a decision to consider denial of certification
of Belize. The GOB's accomplishments in 1996, such as its recent
accession to the 1988 UN Drug Convention and passage of money laundering
legislation, were achieved only after the United States and other
countries exerted intense, coordinated pressure. Belizean cocaine
seizures were down 36 percent and marijuana eradication decreased by 4
percent from 1995. Finally, the record of arrests and convictions of
major drug dealers was, likewise, disappointing. During 1996, the GOB
took no meaningful steps to uncover or punish official corruption.
Bungled investigations, along with several high-profile trials
ending in acquittal, including the prosecution of the Home Minister's
son-in-law for running an illegal airstrip and two immigration officials
fired from their jobs and accused of corruption in an alien smuggling
case, have, at a minimum, demonstrated the GOB's deficiencies in its
efforts.
The USG urged the GOB to demonstrate its willingness to cooperate
with the United States in achieving reasonable counternarcotics goals
and objectives. The GOB, however, is not fully cooperating or taking
adequate steps to meet the goals and objectives of the 1988 UN Drug
Convention, especially promises made by the GOB toward the end of the
year to complete a new extradition treaty and a mutual legal assistance
treaty. The GOB has been operating under a US-UK extradition treaty.
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Denial of certification would be contrary to U.S. vital national
interests because it would require the U.S. to vote against multilateral
development bank funding for Belize, an important element in supporting
our long-term democracy and economic development goals for the country.
Such multilateral support reinforces U.S. counternarcotics assistance
which is designed to help Belize develop strong, independent and
credible institutions capable of bringing traffickers to justice,
stemming the flow of narcotics through the country and better guarding
its own borders.
Although Belize's counternarcotics efforts fell short of full
cooperation during 1996, the GOB did take steps which demonstrated an
effort to work with the USG. It is in the vital national interests of
the United States to improve the GOB's counternarcotics efforts and
ensure that they are given the attention required.
Lebanon
Lebanon appears to have succeeded in the struggle against illicit
crop cultivation due to the joint Lebanese-Syrian eradication efforts
since 1992. There appears to be no cultivation of opium and the cannabis
cultivation (for hashish production) also has all but disappeared. There
are some small farms in the Baalbek-Hermel region which are still
engaged in illicit cultivation, but they appear to be few in number.
When such farms are discovered, arrests are made immediately and the
crops are eradicated. Lebanese Internal Security Forces (LISF) and the
Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF), with assistance from the Syrian Army,
reported eradication of approximately 70,000 square meters of cannabis
in the Baalbek-Hermel region of the Bekaa Valley during June and July.
There were no other reported eradication efforts during the year.
However, Lebanon remains a significant transit country for the
purposes of re-export of cocaine, and many small ``home''-type labs for
processing opium into heroin are still reported to operate in the Bekaa
Valley. Several areas of the Bekaa Valley are not under the effective
control the Government of Lebanon (GOL), and these areas are vulnerable
to the establishment of illegal labs.
Although local authorities deny money laundering is a serious
problem, Lebanon still presents itself to narcotics traffickers as a
venue for money laundering due to bank secrecy laws, which do not allow
for official discovery. Corruption remains endemic through all levels of
Lebanese society, reportedly including law enforcement bodies.
In March 1996, the GOL acceded to the 1988 UN Drug Convention, but
with formal reservations regarding certain provisions of the Convention,
including those which relate to bank secrecy. The United States has
already indicated its intention to formally object to these reservations
if Lebanon does not withdraw them. Parliament is studying a draft anti-
drug code, which would make money laundering a crime.
The GOL has displayed a willingness to cooperate with USG agencies
during 1996. Unfortunately, Lebanon's reservations to some of the
provisions of the 1988 UN Drug Convention suggest that the political
will is not yet sufficient to comply fully with world standards.
Lebanese trafficking continues to pose a threat to U.S. citizens and
interests. On the other hand, the United States considers the provision
of assist-
[[Page 272]]
ance which encourages the continued development of Lebanon's
economy and infrastructure as critical to peace and stability in the
Middle East, which is also of vital importance to U.S. interests and
stability. These factors, combined with Lebanon's sustained positive
performance in eradication and other anti-narcotics efforts, outweigh
the threat posed by drug trafficking through Lebanon to the United
States.
Pakistan
Pakistan is an important transit country for opiates from
Afghanistan, a source country for approximately 75 metric tons of opium,
and a processing country for domestic opium and opium from Afghanistan.
Most opium poppy cultivation and most laboratory production of morphine
base and heroin in Pakistan takes place in the Northwest Frontier
Province (NWFP), which borders Afghanistan. Pakistan has a bilateral
agreement with the United States that provides funding for law
enforcement, roads and crop substitution in the NWFP, and demand
reduction activities.
Under the government of Benazir Bhutto, Pakistan's counternarcotics
efforts from January through October 1996 were seriously deficient.
However, the interim government of Meraj Khalid, which replaced the
Bhutto government in November, took a number of significant
counternarcotics actions in accordance with the U.S.-Pakistani bilateral
agreement and the 1988 UN Drug Convention.
The primary counternarcotics achievement of the Bhutto government
was a reduction in the cultivation of opium poppy. USG estimates of land
used for opium poppy decreased 51 percent to 3,400 hectares and the
estimate of production decreased 52 percent to 75 metric tons from the
previous year. The Bhutto government also extradited Sialek Jan, wanted
by the USG on narcotics trafficking charges in March. However, under
Bhutto, Pakistani authorities failed to act on DEA information on
specific cases of trafficking, severely cut the budget of the Pakistani
Anti Narcotics Force (ANF), failed to act on recommendations of the UN
Drug Control Programs (UNDCP) for improvements to the Narcotics
Substances Act, and failed to interdict trafficking caravans in
Baluchistan Province. During Bhutto's tenure, corruption was a
significant problem, with ANF officials suspected of perpetrating a hoax
seizure of opium base in June, and subsequently covering up their
actions.
Pakistani President Leghari November 5 dismissed the Bhutto
government for corruption and mismanagement, an act subsequently upheld
by the Pakistani Supreme Court. Corruption is a severe and chronic
problem in the Pakistani government, including the ANF, which has no
bureaucratic system, such as an internal affairs section for
identifying, investigating and recommending action against corrupt
officers. No one in a policy-making position in either the Bhutto or
interim government has been accused of narcotics-related corruption.
Sufficient legislation exists to control and punish public corruption
but it is seldom enforced. The interim government in November initiated
a comprehensive process for holding public officials accountable for
corrupt practices.
The interim government in November and December 1996 promulgated
changes to the Narcotics Substances Act as suggested by UNDCP, restored
some funds to the ANF, conducted two major raids on heroin laboratories
in NWFP, extradited to the United States accused trafficker Nasrullah
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Henjrah, and arrested another individual on the U.S. extradition request
list, Nasir Ali Khan.
During the course of the year, the Government of Pakistan froze $3.5
million in assets from 21 traffickers and seized 5.4 metric tons of
opium and 2.0 metric tons of heroin. These figures represent declines
from those of 1995.
Pakistan is a party to the 1988 UN Drug Convention, which it
ratified in October 1991, but implementing legislation on money
laundering has not yet been drafted. The revisions to the Narcotic
Substances Act approved by the interim government bring asset seizure
and controlled delivery standards to the levels demanded by the
Convention.
Vital U.S. national interests could be damaged if Pakistan, under
the newly-elected government of Nawaz Sharif, were to be denied
certification. Pakistan is a moderate Islamic state with a nuclear
weapons capability. Pakistan is the largest contributor of troops for UN
peacekeeping operations and has provided key cooperation in the
international fight against terrorism. Denial of certification would be
viewed in Pakistan as abandonment of a loyal ally and would endanger
U.S.-Pakistani dialogue on vital issues. Denial of certification could
also bring to a halt the counternarcotics momentum started in November
by the caretaker government, and could negatively prejudice the newly
elected government against counternarcotics cooperation with the United
States.
Denial of certification would further endanger U.S. interests by
requiring the United States to vote against Pakistan in multilateral
development banks (MDBs). The United States has an interest in seeing
that the MDBs continue their support of activities such as the GOP's
Social Action Program and its Financial Sector Reform Project, which are
essential to Pakistan's human and economic development. Pakistan is one
of the largest beneficiaries of World Bank and Asian Development Bank
programs.
These risks to vital U.S. interests outweigh any potential gain from
denying certification to Pakistan. Pakistan is a primary conduit for
opium and morphine base from Afghanistan, the second largest opium
producer in the world. With continuing conflict and no central
government in Afghanistan, Pakistan's cooperation is particularly
important in stopping Southwest Asian drugs.
During the period of vital national interests certification, the
United States will strive to work with senior officials of the new
government to achieve the goals of the UN Drug Convention.
STATEMENTS OF EXPLANATION
Afghanistan
Afghanistan is second only to Burma as a producer of illicit opium,
producing approximately 30 percent of the world illicit supply.
Production flattened in 1996, after steep annual increases earlier in
the decade. U.S. satellite surveys indicated a very small decrease in
both cultivation and production, to 37,950 hectares and 1230 metric
tons, respectively.
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Civil war not only continued but intensified in Afghanistan during
1996. Between September and December, the Taliban, a movement started by
religious students, expanded the territory it controls. The Taliban now
control 90 percent of the land on which opium poppy is cultivated. The
Taliban have now controlled the province producing the greatest quantity
of opium for over two years. Both USG and UN Drug Control Program
(UNDCP) surveys indicate that there were no concerted eradication
efforts in 1996.
Law enforcement actions were virtually non-existent. None of the
factions controlling territory made a serious attempt to disrupt
narcotics trafficking. Granted that none of the factions has an
effective law enforcement bureaucracy, the ease with which narcotics
caravans and refineries continued open operations was nevertheless
remarkable. In the few instances the USG knows of where arrests were
made, most suspects were released upon payment of a bribe.
Taliban leaders, in particular, expressed a desire to cooperate on
counternarcotics with U.S. and UNDCP officials. However, the major opium
refining operations are located in Taliban-controlled territory, and the
Taliban appear to have done nothing to date to discourage cultivation of
opium poppy. The leaders state they cannot do so until international
donors provide crop substitution and other assistance.
Many sources have reported that all major factions require farmers
to pay a tax on their opium production. Some reports also indicate that
deeper involvement in trafficking is also common among Afghan leaders.
The USG strongly promotes the UN Special Mission to Afghanistan's
efforts to develop a broad-based national government that can address
the problems of narcotics, terrorism and humanitarian concerns. We
assist the peoples of Afghanistan, subject to resource availability,
primarily through UN programs aimed at humanitarian relief,
reconstruction, and counternarcotics.
Inasmuch as legislation makes special allowance for continuation of
such assistance generally and of assistance for Afghanistan
specifically, notwithstanding any other provision of law, denying
certification to Afghanistan would have minimal effect in terms of
implementation of this policy.
The continued large-scale cultivation and trafficking in
Afghanistan, combined with the failure to initiate law enforcement
actions, preclude a determination that Afghanistan has taken adequate
counternarcotics steps on its own or that it has sufficiently cooperated
with the USG in counternarcotics efforts, although Afghanistan is a
party to the 1988 UN Drug Convention. Accordingly, denial of
certification is appropriate.
Burma
Burma produced 84% of the opium cultivated in Asia in 1996 and
remains the world's largest producer of opium and heroin. Continuing
lack of resources and commitment to effective drug control policies led
to near record levels of opium cultivation, totaling 163,000 hectares
with a potential yield of 2,560 metric tons of opium gum, or enough to
produce 250 tons of heroin. While the State Law and Order Restoration
Council (SLORC) claimed an improvement in its record with regard to drug
and precursor chemical seizures, these efforts were marginal, both in
terms of results and in view of the overall level of opium production
and trafficking
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in Burma. The drug lord Khun Sa continues to be exempt
from prosecution or extradition. Ethnic drug trafficking armies such as
the United Wa State Army (UWSA) and the Myanmar National Democratic
Alliance Army (MNDAA), having negotiated ceasefires with the SLORC which
permit them limited autonomy, remain armed and heavily involved in the
heroin trade. Their leaders have used their relationship with Rangoon to
increase their wealth, but prosperity has not filtered down to the
ordinary people in the areas they control. Lack of enforcement against
money laundering and an underdeveloped banking system have created an
economic environment increasingly conducive to the use of drug profits
in legitimate commerce. While there is no evidence that the government
per se encourages or is involved in the drug trade, drug money is
beginning to permeate the economy.
The SLORC announced no new drug control policy initiatives in 1996.
It did conduct some counternarcotics activities in areas controlled by
the Kachin Defense Army, the Kokang Army, the MNDAA and the UWSA,
seizing a total of 493 kilos of heroin, over three tons of ephedrine,
5,677,525 amphetamine tablets and 2668.4 gallons of acetic anhydride.
These actions did not seriously threaten the drug trafficking activities
of the organizations in question. The unprecedented chemical precursor
and amphetamine seizures, however, have alarmed Burmese authorities
because they signal a possible future stimulants problem for the
Burmese.
Negotiations involving the Burmese Government, UNDCP, and Wa leaders
on the ``Drug Control and Development in the Wa Region of Shan State''
project concluded in November. The goal is to bring about a gradual
reduction of opium cultivation in the Wa area. The Burmese Cabinet has
not yet formally approved the project. While the project is designed to
incorporate a monitoring and evaluation component, donors have concerns
about implementation.
USG engagement of the Burmese government on counternarcotics issues
remains limited. DEA maintains a liaison operation with Burmese police
and military units involved in drug enforcement activities. The Burmese
have also invited USG participation in a third joint opium yield survey
in the Shan State. The U.S. will consider further assistance only upon
the Burmese Government's demonstration of a strong commitment to
narcotics control, the rule of law and significant political reform.
Colombia
In 1996, as in previous years, Colombia remained the world's leading
producer and distributor of cocaine and an important supplier of heroin
and marijuana. In the same year, coca cultivation in the country
increased by approximately 30 percent.
As in 1995, the Colombian Government made only limited progress in
1996 against the pervasive, narcotics-related corruption from which it
suffers. In a process which can only be described as flawed, President
Samper was exonerated of charges of corruption by the Colombian
Congress. Moreover, Samper remained unwilling to confront fully the drug
interests that contributed heavily to his Presidential campaign.
President Samper pledged to push for stricter sentencing laws in
1994, but there was only limited progress in 1996 to advance
Congressional passage of legislation which would increase sentences for
traffickers and
[[Page 276]]
money launderers. As an apparent consequence, the
Rodriguez Orejuela brothers--the notorious Cali drug leaders--received
very light prison sentences which were not commensurate with their
crimes. The Colombian government did not respond to the USG's request
for extradition of four major drug traffickers and for most of the year
it took no action in response to reliable USG information that narcotics
traffickers continue to run their operations from prison. Troubling also
was Samper's promotion and public praise for a drug-tainted military
general--behavior which reinforces USG concern about the credibility of
his stated commitment to serious narcotics control for Colombia.
On the eradication front, the Colombian Government's strong
opposition to testing more than one granular herbicide--in an effort to
replace less effective liquid herbicides--is especially problematic in
light of the significant expansion in coca cultivation.
On the positive side, the serious work on the part of the Colombian
National Police (CNP) as well as select elements of the military to
confront drug trafficking must be highlighted. Government agreement to
expand coca and opium eradication was taken on with determination by the
CNP despite significant challenges including physical threats and lack
of proper resources. In this regard, the USG was encouraged by evidence
of increased cooperation from the Colombian military for the CNP in
support of illegal crop eradication. The CNP and military also worked
closely to counter narco- and guerrilla-sponsored public demonstrations
against eradication.
There were signs that newly appointed members of the cabinet are
determined and committed to advance important counternarcotics
objectives. A noteworthy achievement--pushed also by private Colombian
citizens--was pressure on the Congress which resulted in passage, with
retroactivity, of an asset forfeiture law. However, its
constitutionality is already being challenged by those who would be
affected by its implementation. In November, bilateral agreement was
reached to expedite shipboarding procedures and a maritime agreement was
signed in February 1997. The CNP and the Prosecutor General continued
their efforts against corruption by firing corrupt police and
prosecutors and by continuing investigations targetted against official
corruption. However, without determined and committed leadership, much-
needed legal reform and a supportive political environment, real drug
control successes by the CNP and other entities will be thwarted.
Progress observed in some areas holds promise for serious drug
control efforts in Colombia in the future. Nevertheless, because of
high-level corruption, the privileged treatment accorded to major
traffickers currently in jail, light sentencing of traffickers and the
government's continued stand against extradition, the USG cannot certify
Columbia as fully cooperating with the United States on drug control, or
as having taken adequate steps on its own to meet the goals and
objectives of the 1988 UN Drug Convention.
Iran
Iran remains an important transit country for opiates from
Afghanistan and Pakistan destined primarily for processing in Turkey.
The USG has no recent surveys of opium poppy cultivation in Iran, but
other sources be-
[[Page 277]]
lieve cultivation has decreased, possibly as a result of
the influx of cheap Afghan opium.
The Government of Iran (GOI) has ratified the 1988 UN Drug
Convention, but the USG remains unaware of the passage of implementing
legislation that would bring Iran into compliance with the requirements
of the Convention. According to UN Drug Control Program (UNDCP) and
International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) missions that have visited
the country, and reports received from countries with embassies in Iran,
the GOI is attempting to meet at least some of the goals and objectives
of the Convention. The USG cannot evaluate Iranian claims as we do not
have diplomatic relations. There is no bilateral narcotics agreement or
cooperation and Iran's performance is measured solely against the
standards of the 1988 UN Drug Convention.
The GOI has, according to reports by other nations, begun reaching
out to Western countries in a very tentative fashion, seeking to
establish a working counternarcotics relationship. There are, however,
countervailing pressures and we know of no working law enforcement
relationship. The GOI, Pakistan and UNDCP participate in a tripartite
UNDCP law enforcement project, to which Iran contributes important
resources according to UNDCP. In 1995, the latest year on which Iran
reported, it claims to have seized 126 mt of opium, 2 mt of heroin and
11 mt of morphine, as well as lost 133 citizens in battles against
traffickers. The USG cannot verify these claims. The level of narcotics
arriving in Turkey does not appear to have diminished according to USG
sources.
Credible reports have been received that corruption remains a
problem. There have been accusations of corruption against individuals
with access to very high levels of power. Low-level corruption remains a
problem judging by the number of caravans that successfully evade
massive physical barriers at Iran's eastern border. We do not know how
extensively or how equitably Iran administers its anti-corruption
program.
Sentences imposed for narcotics trafficking are very harsh and 1,000
people have been executed for trafficking since 1989.
Nigeria
Nigeria is the focal point of West African narcotics trafficking.
Narcotics producing and trafficking organizations in Asia, South America
and, increasingly, Nigeria itself either use Nigeria as a transshipment
point or rely on Nigerian courier networks to transport Asian heroin and
South American cocaine destined for U.S. or European markets. Nigerian
trafficking organizations are among the leading carriers of Southeast
and Southwest Asian heroin into the United States. In addition, Nigerian
traffickers ship cannabis--the only illicit drug produced in Nigeria--to
Europe and other West African countries. The Government of Nigeria (GON)
has failed to address corruption adequately among law enforcement and
other government agencies, hindering counternarcotics efforts.
Although the Nigerian Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA), the one
positive internal agency working against drug trafficking in Nigeria,
has attempted to combat trafficking and corruption, the GON has left it
woefully underfunded. Lack of coordination among police, intelligence
and other law enforcement agencies also prevents effective progress
against narco-traffickers.
[[Page 278]]
Nigerian trafficking organizations operate sophisticated money
laundering operations in addition to controlling courier networks. These
organizations have been quick to adapt in response to vigorous
international law enforcement, as well as to efforts made by the NDLEA
within Nigeria. They have found new ways to evade detection and to alter
and expand their narcotics smuggling routes and markets; as GON
counternarcotics efforts have effectively reduced the amount of drugs
shipped through international airports within Nigeria, courier networks
have increasingly relied on overland shipments to transport narcotics.
Nigerian trafficking organizations actively recruit couriers of diverse
nationalities, backgrounds and ages.
Perhaps the most glaring omission by the GON is its failure to
provide funding for its law enforcement employees, thus making them ever
more vulnerable to bribery and related forms of corruption, and to
provide funding for implementation of its laws and strategies. Most law
enforcement employees are paid far less than is sufficient to feed,
clothe and house their families. In addition, the GON has taken no
meaningful steps towards cooperation with the United States on
extraditions, information sharing or prosecution of arrested fraud
suspects; nor has it moved significantly towards meeting the goals and
objectives of the 1988 UN Drug Convention.
Syria
For several years, Syria has been an important transit country for
drugs flowing into and out of Lebanon and, in many cases, on to Europe
and the United States. The increase in seizures in 1996 over 1995
(especially of hashish) points to increased vigilance by Syrian
authorities, but could imply as well that the total flow of drugs across
Syria is increasing. Additionally, the presence of approximately 25,000
Syrian troops in the Lebanese Bekaa Valley makes Syrian cooperation with
Lebanese officials a substantial element in the fight against drug
production and trafficking there. Allegations of corruption against
Syrian military officials stationed in Lebanon continued in 1996.
The Government of Syria (SARG) restructured its Syrian National
Police force in 1996, thus creating a separate and independent Counter-
Narcotics Division. The SARG continued to assist anti-narcotics efforts
in Lebanon during 1996, donating more than a million fruit trees for the
Lebanese crop substitution program. Though widespread reports claim that
Syrian military and security personnel continue to profit from the drug
trade, the SARG neither initiated corruption investigations nor brought
anti-narcotics charges against any of these individuals in 1996.
Syria is a party to the 1988 UN Drug Convention. Though Syria made
significant progress in some anti-narcotics efforts in 1996, including
more aggressive seizures of hashish and various types of amphetamines,
it did not meet some of the other goals and objectives of the 1988 UN
Drug Convention; specifically, the SARG did not move aggressively enough
against narcotics transiting Syrian territory, especially to and from
Lebanon, it did not take sufficient action towards locating and
dismantling drug laboratories in Syrian-controlled areas of Lebanon, and
it ignored serious allegations against Syrian officials of involvement
with drug traffickers. Syria does not have a bilateral narcotics
agreement with the United States.
[[Page 279]]
Notice of March 5, 1997
Continuation of Iran Emergency
On March 15, 1995, by Executive Order 12957, I declared a national
emergency with respect to Iran pursuant to the International Emergency
Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701-1706) to deal with the threat to the
national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States
constituted by the actions and policies of the Government of Iran,
including its support for international terrorism, efforts to undermine
the Middle East peace process, and acquisition of weapons of mass
destruction and the means to deliver them. On May 6, 1995, I issued
Executive Order 12959 imposing more comprehensive sanctions to further
respond to this threat.
Because the actions and policies of the Government of Iran continue to
threaten the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the
United States, the national emergency declared on March 15, 1995, must
continue in effect beyond March 15, 1997. Therefore, in accordance with
section 202(d) of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d)), I am
continuing the national emergency with respect to Iran. Because the
emergency declared by Executive Order 12957 constitutes an emergency
separate from that declared on November 14, 1979, by Executive Order
12170, this renewal is distinct from the emergency renewal of October
1996. This notice shall be published in the Federal Register and
transmitted to the Congress.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
March 5, 1997.
Presidential Determination No. 97-19 of March 11, 1997
Eligibility of NIS Countries: Georgia, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova,
Russia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan To Be Furnished Defense
Articles and Services Under the Foreign Assistance Act and the Arms
Export Control Act
Memorandum for the Secretary of State
Pursuant to the authority vested in me by section 503(a) of the Foreign
Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, and section 3(a)(1) of the Arms
Export Control Act, I hereby find that the furnishing of defense
articles and services to the Governments of Georgia, Kazakstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Turkmenistan, Russia, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan will
strengthen the security of the United States and promote world peace.
You are authorized and directed to report this finding to the Congress
and to publish it in the Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, March 11, 1997.
[[Page 280]]
Presidential Determination No. 97-20 of March 18, 1997
U.S. Contribution to KEDO: Certification Under the Heading
``Nonproliferation, Anti-Terrorism, Demining and Related Programs'' in
Title II of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related
Programs Appropriations Act, 1997 (as Enacted in Public Law 104-208)
Memorandum for the Secretary of State
Pursuant to the requirements set forth under the heading
``Nonproliferation, Anti-Terrorism, Demining and Related Programs'' in
title II of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related
Programs Appropriations Act, 1997 (as enacted in Public Law 104-208), I
certify that:
L (1)(A) the United States is taking steps to assure that progress
is made on the implementation of the January 1, 1992, Joint Declaration
on the Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula and the implementation
of the North-South dialogue, and (B) North Korea is complying with the
other provisions of the Agreed Framework between North Korea and the
United States and with the Confidential Minute;
L (2) North Korea is cooperating fully in the canning and safe
storage of all spent fuel from its graphite-moderated nuclear reactors
and that such canning and safe storage is scheduled to be completed by
the end of fiscal year 1997; and
L (3) North Korea has not significantly diverted assistance
provided by the United States for purposes for which it was not
intended.
You are authorized and directed to report this determination to the
Congress and to publish it in the Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, March 18, 1997.
[[Page 281]]
Memorandum of March 27, 1997
Strengthened Protections for Human Subjects of Classified Research
Memorandum for the Secretary of Defense, the Attorney General, the
Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of
Labor, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, the Secretary of
Housing and Urban Development, the Secretary of Transportation, the
Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Education, the Secretary of
Veterans Affairs, the Director of Central Intelligence, the Administrator
of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Administrator of the Agency
for International Development, the Administrator of the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Director of the National
Science Foundation, the Chair of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission,
the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, [and]
the Chair of the Consumer Product Safety Commission
I have worked hard to restore trust and ensure openness in government.
This memorandum will further our progress toward these goals by
strengthening the Federal Government's protections for human subjects of
classified research.
In January 1994, I established the Advisory Committee on Human Radiation
Experiments (the ``Advisory Committee'') to examine reports that the
government had funded and conducted unethical human radiation
experiments during the Cold War. I directed the Advisory Committee to
uncover the truth, recommend steps to right past wrongs, and propose
ways to prevent unethical human subjects research from occurring in the
future. In its October 1995 final report, the Advisory Committee
recommended, among other things, that the government modify its policy
governing classified research on human subjects (``Recommendations for
Balancing National Security Interests and the Rights of the Public,''
Recommendation 15, Final Report, Advisory Committee on Human Radiation
Experiments). This memorandum sets forth policy changes in response to
those recommendations.
The Advisory Committee acknowledged that it is in the Nation's interest
to continue to allow the government to conduct classified research
involving human subjects where such research serves important national
security interests. The Advisory Committee found, however, that
classified human subjects research should be a ``rare event'' and that
the ``subjects of such research, as well as the interests of the public
in openness in science and in government, deserve special protections.''
The Advisory Committee was concerned about ``exceptions to informed
consent requirements and the absence of any special review and approval
process for human research that is to be classified.'' The Advisory
Committee recommended that in all classified research projects the
agency conducting or sponsoring the research meet the following
requirements:
--obtain informed consent from all human subjects;
--inform subjects of the identity of the sponsoring agency;
--inform subjects that the project involves classified research;
[[Page 282]]
--obtain approval by an ``independent panel of nongovernmental
experts and citizen representatives, all with the necessary security
clearances'' that reviews scientific merit, risk-benefit tradeoffs, and
ensures subjects have enough information to make informed decisions to
give valid consent; and
--maintain permanent records of the panel's deliberations and
consent procedures.
This memorandum implements these recommendations with some
modifications. For classified research, it prohibits waiver of informed
consent and requires researchers to disclose that the project is
classified. For all but minimal risk studies, it requires researchers to
inform subjects of the sponsoring agency. It also requires permanent
recordkeeping.
The memorandum also responds to the Advisory Committee's call for a
special review process for classified human subjects research. It
requires that institutional review boards for secret projects include a
nongovernmental member, and establishes an appeals process so that any
member of a review board who believes a project should not go forward
can appeal the boards' decision to approve it.
Finally, this memorandum sets forth additional steps to ensure that
classified human research is rare. It requires the heads of Federal
agencies to disclose annually the number of secret human research
projects undertaken by their agency. It also prohibits any agency from
conducting secret human research without first promulgating a final rule
applying the Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects, as
modified in this memorandum, to the agency.
These steps, set forth in detail below, will preserve the government's
ability to conduct any necessary classified research involving human
subjects while ensuring adequate protection of research participants.
1. Modifications to the Federal Policy for the Protection of Human
Subjects as it Affects Classified Research. All agencies that may
conduct or support classified research that is subject to the 1991
Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects (``Common Rule'')
(56 Fed. Reg. 28010-28018) shall promptly jointly publish in the Federal
Register the following proposed revisions to the Common Rule as it
affects classified research. The Office for Protection from Research
Risks in the Department of Health and Human Services shall be the lead
agency and, in consultation with the Office of Management and Budget,
shall coordinate the joint rulemaking.
(a) The agencies shall jointly propose to prohibit waiver of
informed consent for classified research.
(b) The agencies shall jointly propose to prohibit the use of
expedited review procedures under the Common Rule for classified
research.
(c) The joint proposal should request comment on whether all
research exemptions under the Common Rule should be maintained for
classified research.
(d) The agencies shall jointly propose to require that in classified
research involving human subjects, two additional elements of
information be provided to potential subjects when consent is sought
from subjects:
(i) the identity of the sponsoring Federal agency. Exceptions are
allowed if the head of the sponsoring agency determines that provid-
[[Page 283]]
ing this information could compromise intelligence sources
or methods and that the research involves no more than minimal
risk to subjects. The determination about sources and methods is
to be made in consultation with the Director of Central
Intelligence and the Assistant to the President for National
Security Affairs. The determination about risk is to be made in
consultation with the Director of the White House Office of
Science and Technology Policy.
(ii) a statement that the project is ``classified'' and an
explanation of what classified means.
(e) The agencies shall jointly propose to modify the institutional
review board (``IRB'') approval process for classified human subjects
research as follows:
(i) The Common Rule currently requires that each IRB ``include at
least one member who is not otherwise affiliated with the
institution and who is not part of the immediate family of a
person who is affiliated with the institution.'' For classified
research, the agencies shall define ``not otherwise affiliated
with the institution,'' as a nongovernmental member with the
appropriate security clearance.
(ii) Under the Common Rule, research projects are approved by the
IRB if a ``majority of those (IRB) members present at a meeting''
approved the project. For classified research, the agencies shall
propose to permit any member of the IRB who does not believe a
specific project should be approved by the IRB to appeal a
majority decision to approve the project to the head of the
sponsoring agency. If the agency head affirms the IRB's decision
to approve the project, the dissenting IRB member may appeal the
IRB's decisions to the Director of OSTP. The Director of OSTP
shall review the IRB's decision and approve or disapprove the
project, or, at the Director's discretion, convene an IRB made up
of nongovernmental officials, each with the appropriate security
clearances, to approve or disapprove the project.
(iii) IRBs for classified research shall determine whether
potential subjects need access to classified information to make a
valid informed consent decision.
2. Final Rules. Agencies shall, within 1 year, after considering any
comments, promulgate final rules on the protection of human subjects of
classified research.
3. Agency Head Approval of Classified Research Projects. Agencies may
not conduct any classified human research project subject to the Common
Rule unless the agency head has personally approved the specific
project.
4. Annual Public Disclosure of the Number of Classified Research
Projects. Each agency head shall inform the Director of OSTP by
September 30 of each year of the number of classified research projects
involving human subjects underway on that date, the number completed in
the previous 12-month period, and the number of human subjects in each
project. The Director of OSTP shall report the total number of
classified research projects and participating subjects to the President
and shall then report to the congressional armed services and
intelligence committees and further shall publish the numbers in the
Federal Register.
[[Page 284]]
5. Definitions. For purposes of this memorandum, the terms ``research''
and ``human subject'' shall have the meaning set forth in the Common
Rule. ``Classified human research'' means research involving
``classified information'' as defined in Executive Order 12958.
6. No Classified Human Research Without Common Rule. Beginning one year
after the date of this memorandum, no agency shall conduct or support
classified human research without having proposed and promulgated the
Common Rule, including the changes set forth in this memorandum and any
subsequent amendments.
7. Judicial Review. This memorandum is not intended to create any right
or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law by a party
against the United States, its agencies, its officers, or any other
persons.
8. The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall publish this
memorandum in the Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, March 27, 1997.
Memorandum of April 1, 1997
Delegation of Authority on Rates of Compensation for U.S.
Representatives to the United Nations
Memorandum for the Secretary of State
By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and laws of
the United States of America, including section 301 of title 3 of the
United States Code, I hereby delegate to the Secretary of State the
functions vested in the President by section 2(g) of the United Nations
Participation Act of 1945 (Public Law 79-264, 22 U.S.C. 287(g)).
You are authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the
Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, April 1, 1997.
Memorandum of April 14, 1997
Delegation of Responsibilities Concerning FBI Employees Under the Civil
Service Reform Act of 1978
Memorandum for the Attorney General
By the authority vested in me by the Constitution and laws of the United
States of America, including section 301 of title 3, United States Code,
I hereby delegate to the Attorney General the functions concerning
employ-
[[Page 285]]
ees of the Federal Bureau of Investigation vested in the President
by section 101(a) of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 (Public Law
95-454), as amended by the Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989 (Public
Law 101-12), and codified at section 2303(c) of title 5, United States
Code, and direct the Attorney General to establish appropriate processes
within the Department of Justice to carry out these functions. Not later
than March 1 of each year, the Attorney General shall provide a report
to the President stating the number of allegations of reprisal received
during the preceding calendar year, the disposition of each allegation
resolved during the preceding calendar year, and the number of
unresolved allegations pending as of the end of the calendar year.
All of the functions vested in the President by section 2303(c) of title
5, United States Code, and delegated to the Attorney General, may be
redelegated, as appropriate, provided that such functions may not be
redelegated to the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
You are authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the
Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, April 14, 1997.
Memorandum of April 24, 1997
Delegation to the Secretary of State of the Responsibilities Vested in
the President by Section 564 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act,
Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103-236), as Amended
Memorandum for the Secretary of State
By the authority vested in me by the Constitution and laws of the United
States of America, including section 301 of title 3 of the United States
Code, I hereby delegate to you the functions vested in the President by
section 564 of the Anti-Economic Discrimination Act of 1994 (AEDA)
(title V of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994
and 1995, Public Law 103-236, as amended).
Any reference in this memorandum to section 564 of the AEDA shall be
deemed to include references to any hereafter-enacted provision of law
that is the same or substantially the same as such section.
The functions delegated by this memorandum may be redelegated as
appropriate.
You are authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the
Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, April 24, 1997.
[[Page 286]]
Presidential Determination No. 97-21 of April 24, 1997
Use of Nonproliferation, Anti-Terrorism, Demining and Related Programs
Account Funds for the U.S. Contribution to the Korean Peninsula Energy
Development Organization (KEDO)
Memorandum for the Secretary of State
Pursuant to the authority vested in me by section 614(a)(1) of the
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, 22 U.S.C. 2364(a)(1), I
hereby determine that it is important to the security interests of the
United States to furnish up to $25 million in funds made available under
heading ``Nonproliferation, Anti-Terrorism, Demining and Related
Programs'' in title II of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and
Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1997 (as enacted in Public Law 104-
208) for the United States contribution to the Korean Peninsula Energy
Development Organization without regard to any provision of law within
the scope of section 614(a)(1). I hereby authorize this contribution.
You are hereby authorized and directed to transmit this determination to
the Congress and to arrange for its publication in the Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, April 24, 1997.
Presidential Determination No. 97-22 of May 5, 1997
Bosnian Compliance on Withdrawal of Foreign Forces and Terminating
Intelligence Cooperation With Iran
Memorandum for the Secretary of State
Pursuant to Public Law 104-208, I hereby determine and certify that the
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina has complied with Article III of
Annex 1-A of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and
Herzegovina concerning the withdrawal of foreign forces; and that
intelligence cooperation on training, investigations, and related
activities between Iranian officials and Bosnian officials has been
terminated.
You are authorized and directed to transmit this determination and
certification to Congress and to arrange for its publication in the
Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, May 5, 1997.
[[Page 287]]
Presidential Determination No. 97-23 of May 5, 1997
Assistance Program for the New Independent States of the Former Soviet
Union
Memorandum for the Secretary of State
Pursuant to subsection (o) under the heading ``Assistance for the New
Independent States of the Former Soviet Union'' in title II of the
Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs
Appropriations Act, for Fiscal Year 1996 (Public Law 104-107) and Fiscal
Year 1997 (Public Law 104-208), I hereby determine that it is important
to the national security interest of the United States to make available
funds appropriated under the heading without regard to the restriction
in that subsection.
You are authorized and directed to notify the Congress of this
determination and to arrange for its publication in the Federal
Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, May 5, 1997.
Presidential Determination No. 97-24 of May 23, 1997
Waiver of Statutory Restrictions To Permit Assistance to Turkey
Memorandum for the Secretary of State
Pursuant to subsection (b) of section 620I of the Foreign Assistance Act
of 1961, as amended, I hereby determine that it is in the national
security interest of the United States that assistance be furnished to
Turkey without regard to the restriction in subsection (a) of section
620I.
You are authorized and directed to transmit this determination and
justification to the Congress and to arrange for its publication in the
Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, May 23, 1997.
Memorandum of Justification Regarding Determination Under Section 620I
of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as Amended
The Administration fully supports the goal of maintaining open
humanitarian aid corridors and has actively worked through diplomatic
channels to encourage the speedy and efficient flow of humanitarian
goods. The application of section 620I requires a careful consideration
of the circumstances in each case. This is particularly true with
respect to Turkey.
[[Page 288]]
Strong feelings of ethnic kinship exist between the Turks and
Azerbaijanis, and the Turkish government has resisted public pressures
to become directly involved in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. Until
March, 1993, Turkey permitted U.S. humanitarian and other non-military
shipments destined for Yerevan to transit Turkish territory in response
to the grave situation in Armenia. However, Turkey closed its land
borders to Armenia in 1993 when local Armenian forces seized large areas
of Azerbaijan despite UN Security Council resolutions calling for the
withdrawal of all occupying forces and cessation of hostilities.
Since 1994, Turkey has taken several unilateral steps to improve its
bilateral ties with Armenia while balancing its relations with
Azerbaijan and supporting the OSCE's Minsk Group talks on resolving the
Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. Most notably, Turkey reopened an air corridor
to Armenia in 1995. In another positive step, in March, 1996 Turkish
Prime Minister Yilmaz publicly expressed willingness to reopen the land
border with Armenia once Armenia and Azerbaijan agree upon a statement
of principles for a settlement of the conflict. Turkey's land border
with Armenia, however, remains closed for the present. A large volume of
assistance--mostly food and oil--as well as an increasing volume of
commercial traffic flow by ship through the Turkish Straits to Georgian
ports for shipment by rail to Armenia. Should the border be reopened, we
are likely to continue to ship most assistance to Armenia through
Georgia to take advantage of its more developed rail network.
It is very much in our national security interests not to terminate U.S.
assistance programs for Turkey. Such a termination would create
significant difficulties in our bilateral relations, affecting a broad
range of national security interests. Such a termination would also
reduce prospects for the successful resolution of the Nagorno-Karabakh
conflict.
Turkey is at the nexus of a number of issues that are critical for the
U.S. on the Eurasian continent: securing peace in the Balkans, advancing
a settlement in Cyprus and resolution of Aegean issues, containing Iraq
and Iran, bringing stability to the Caucasus, implementing the CFE
treaty, addressing the future of NATO and bringing Caspian Basin oil to
the West. Turkey hosts the continuing U.S.-led coalition effort to
protect the Kurdish populations of northern Iraq, and has increasingly
important and useful relationships with Israel and the moderate Arab
states of the Middle East. Finally, Turkey is important for U.S. trade
and investment, and has been designated as one of the ten big emerging
markets for U.S. companies by the Department of Commerce.
There are over 3,000 uniformed military and civilian DoD personnel
(excluding dependents) stationed in Turkey, a democratic, secular nation
in a region with weak democratic traditions, and widespread political
instability. Incirlik, the easternmost NATO Air Base, and other NATO-
dedicated bases in Turkey are essential for the projection of U.S./NATO
power into an unstable region having critical oil resources. Some 2,700
sorties were flown out of Incirlik during the Gulf War.
[[Page 289]]
Notice of May 28, 1997
Continuation of Emergency With Respect to the Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) and the Bosnian Serbs
On May 30, 1992, by Executive Order 12808, President Bush declared a
national emergency to deal with the unusual and extraordinary threat to
the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States
constituted by the actions and policies of the Governments of Serbia and
Montenegro, blocking all property and interests in property of those
Governments. President Bush took additional measures to prohibit trade
and other transactions with the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia
and Montenegro) by Executive Orders 12810 and 12831, issued on June 5,
1992, and January 15, 1993, respectively. On April 25, 1993, I issued
Executive Order 12846, blocking the property and interests in property
of all commercial, industrial, or public utility undertakings or
entities organized or located in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
(Serbia and Montenegro), and prohibiting trade-related transactions by
United States persons involving those areas of the Republic of Bosnia
and Herzegovina controlled by Bosnian Serb forces and the United Nations
Protected Areas in the Republic of Croatia. On October 25, 1994, because
of the actions and policies of the Bosnian Serbs, I expanded the scope
of the national emergency by issuing Executive Order 12934 to block the
property of the Bosnian Serb forces and the authorities in the territory
that they control within the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well
as the property of any entity organized or located in, or controlled by
any person in, or resident in, those areas.
On December 27, 1995, I issued Presidential Determination No. 96-7,
directing the Secretary of the Treasury, inter alia, to suspend the
application of sanctions imposed on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
(Serbia and Montenegro) pursuant to the above-referenced Executive
orders and to continue to block property previously blocked until
provision is made to address claims or encumbrances, including the
claims of the other successor states of the former Yugoslavia. This
sanctions relief, in conformity with United Nations Security Council
Resolution 1022 of November 22, 1995 (hereinafter the ``Resolution''),
was an essential factor motivating Serbia and Montenegro's acceptance of
the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina
initialed by the parties in Dayton on November 21, 1995, and signed in
Paris on December 14, 1995 (hereinafter the ``Peace Agreement''). The
sanctions imposed on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and
Montenegro) were accordingly suspended prospectively, effective January
16, 1996. Sanctions imposed on the Bosnian Serb forces and authorities
and on the territory that they control within the Republic of Bosnia and
Herzegovina were subsequently suspended prospectively, effective May 10,
1996, also in conformity with the Peace Agreement and the Resolution.
Sanctions against both the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and
Montenegro) and the Bosnian Serbs were subsequently terminated by United
Nations Security Council Resolution 1074 of October 1, 1996. This
termination, however, did not end the requirement of the Resolution that
blocked funds and assets that are subject to claims and encumbrances
remain blocked, until unblocked in accordance with applicable law.
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In the last year, substantial progress has been achieved to bring about
a settlement of the conflict in the former Yugoslavia acceptable to the
parties. Elections occurred in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina,
as provided for in the Peace Agreement, and the Bosnian Serb forces have
continued to respect the zones of separation as provided in the Peace
Agreement. The ultimate disposition of the various remaining categories
of blocked assets is now being addressed, beginning with the unblocking
of five Yugoslav vessels located in various United States ports
effective May 19, 1997.
Until the status of all remaining blocked property is resolved, the
Peace Agreement implemented, and the terms of the Resolution met, the
national emergency declared on May 30, 1992, as expanded in scope on
October 25, 1994, and the measures adopted pursuant thereto to deal with
that emergency must continue beyond May 30, 1997.
Therefore, in accordance with section 202(d) of the National Emergencies
Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d)), I am continuing the national emergency with
respect to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro)
and the Bosnian Serb forces and those areas of the Republic of Bosnia
and Herzegovina under the control of the Bosnian Serb forces. This
notice shall be published in the Federal Register and transmitted to the
Congress.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
May 28, 1997.
Presidential Determination No. 97-25 of May 29, 1997
Determination Under Subsection 402(d)(1) of the Trade Act of 1974, as
Amended--Continuation of Waiver Authority
Memorandum for the Secretary of State
Pursuant to the authority vested in me under the Trade Act of 1974, as
amended, Public Law 93-618, 88 Stat. 1978 (hereinafter ``the Act''), I
determine, pursuant to subsection 402(d)(1) of the Act, 19 U.S.C.
2432(d)(1), that the further extension of the waiver authority granted
by subsection 402(c) of the Act will substantially promote the
objectives of section 402 of the Act. I further determine that
continuation of the waiver applicable to the People's Republic of China
will substantially promote the objectives of section 402 of the Act.
You are authorized and directed to publish this determination in the
Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, May 29, 1997.
[[Page 291]]
Presidential Determination No. 97-26 of May 30, 1997
Presidential Certification to Waive Prohibition on Assistance to the
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro)
Memorandum for the Secretary of State
Pursuant to the authority vested in me by the laws of the United States,
including section 1511 of the National Defense Authorization Act for
Fiscal Year 1994 (Public Law 103-160) and section 540 of the Foreign
Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act,
1997 (contained in Public Law 104-208 (the ``Act'')), I hereby certify
to the Congress that I have determined that the waiver of the
application of the prohibition in section 1511(b) of Public Law 103-160
and of the application of section 540(a) of the Act is necessary to
achieve a negotiated settlement of the conflict in Bosnia and
Herzegovina that is acceptable to the parties, to the extent that such
provisions apply to the furnishing of assistance to facilitate
destruction of military equipment.
Therefore, I hereby waive the application of these provisions with
respect to such assistance.
You are authorized and directed to transmit a copy of this determination
to the Congress and arrange for its publication in the Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, May 30, 1997.
Presidential Determination No. 97-27 of June 3, 1997
Presidential Determination Under Subsections 402(a) and 409(a) of the
Trade Act of 1974, as Amended--Emigration Policies of Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine
Memorandum for the Secretary of State
Pursuant to the authority vested in me by subsections 402(a) and 409(a)
of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2432(a) and 2439(a) (the ``Act'')),
I determine that Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine are
not in violation of paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of subsection 402(a) of
the Act, or paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of subsection 409(a) of the Act.
You are authorized and directed to publish this determination in the
Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, June 3, 1997.
[[Page 292]]
Presidential Determination No. 97-28 of June 3, 1997
Presidential Determination Under Subsection 402(d)(1) of the Trade Act
of 1974, as Amended--Continuation of Waiver Authority
Memorandum for the Secretary of State
Pursuant to subsection 402(d)(1) of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended
(the ``Act''), I determine that the further extension of the waiver
authority granted by subsection 402(c) of the Act will substantially
promote the objectives of section 402 of the Act. I further determine
that the continuation of the waivers applicable to Albania, Belarus,
Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan will
substantially promote the objectives of section 402 of the Act.
You are authorized and directed to publish this determination in the
Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, June 3, 1997.
Presidential Determination No. 97-29 of June 13, 1997
Report to Congress Regarding Conditions in Burma and U.S. Policy Toward
Burma
Memorandum for the Secretary of State
Pursuant to the requirements set forth under the heading ``Policy Toward
Burma'' in section 570(d) of the FY 1997 Foreign Operations
Appropriations Act, as contained in the Omnibus Consolidated
Appropriations Act (P.L. 104-208), a report is required every six months
following enactment concerning:
1) progress toward democratization in Burma;
2) progress on improving the quality of life of the Burmese people,
including progress on market reforms, living standards, labor
standards, use of forced labor in the tourism industry, and
environmental quality; and
3) progress made in developing a comprehensive, multilateral
strategy to bring democracy to and improve human rights
practices and the quality of life in Burma, including the
development of a dialogue between the State Law and Order
Restoration Council (SLORC) and democratic opposition groups
within Burma.
[[Page 293]]
You are hereby authorized and directed to transmit the attached report
fulfilling this requirement to the appropriate committees of the
Congress and to arrange for publication of this memorandum in the
Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, June 13, 1997.
Memorandum of July 16, 1997
Implementation of Revised Air Quality Standards for Ozone and
Particulate Matter
Memorandum for the Administrator of the
Environmental Protection Agency
I have approved the issuance of new air quality standards to provide
important new health protection for all Americans by further controlling
pollution from ozone and particulate matter. These new standards promise
to improve the lives of millions of Americans in coming years.
Consistent with my Administration's approach to regulatory decision
making, I also want to ensure that these new standards are implemented
in a common sense, cost-effective manner. It is critically important
that these standards be implemented in the most flexible, reasonable,
and least burdensome manner, and that the Federal Government work with
State and local governments and other interested parties to this end.
I have determined that there are certain essential elements of an
approach to implementation that will accomplish these goals. I direct
you to use the following elements when implementing the new air quality
standards:
1. Implementation of the air quality standards is to be carried out
to maximize common sense, flexibility, and cost effectiveness;
2. Implementation shall ensure that the Nation continues its
progress toward cleaner air by respecting the agreements already made by
States, communities, and businesses to clean up the air, and by avoiding
additional burdens with respect to the beneficial measures already
underway in many areas. Implementation also shall be structured to
reward State and local governments that take early action to provide
clean air to their residents; and to respond to the fact that pollution
travels hundreds of miles and crosses many State lines;
3. Implementation shall ensure that the Environmental Protection
Agency (``Agency'') completes its next periodic review of particulate
matter, including review by the Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee,
within 5 years of issuance of the new standards, as contemplated by the
Clean Air Act. Thus, by July 2002, the Agency will have determined,
based on data available from its review, whether to revise or maintain
the standards. This determination will have been made before any areas
have been designated as ``nonattainment'' under the PM2.5
standards and before imposition of any new controls related to the
PM2.5 standards; and
[[Page 294]]
4. Implementation is to be accomplished with the minimum amount of
paperwork and shall seek to reduce current paperwork requirements
wherever possible.
Excellent preliminary work on the strategy for carrying out these
implementation principles has been accomplished by an interagency
Administration group and I commend that group for these important
efforts. The group's work is set out in the attached plan, which is
hereby incorporated by reference.
In order for the implementation of these standards to proceed in
accordance with the goals I have established, I hereby direct you, in
consultation with all affected agencies and parties, to undertake the
steps appropriate under law to carry out the attached plan and to
complete all necessary guidance and rulemaking no later than December
31, 1998.
This memorandum is for the purposes of internal Administration
management only, and is not judicially reviewable.
You are authorized and directed to publish this determination and plan
in the Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE
Washington, July 16, 1997.
Implementation Plan for Revised Air Quality Standards
An interagency Administration group has discussed and evaluated
approaches for the common sense, flexible, and cost effective
implementation of the revised National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS) for ozone and particulate matter (PM). This document reflects
the preliminary work by that group on a strategy for implementing these
health-based standards consistent with the principles discussed by
President Clinton in his announcement of the standards. The
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) will continue to work with other
Federal agencies, State and local governments, small businesses,
industry, and environmental and public health groups to fully develop
and implement this strategy.
This implementation plan provides a road map for areas to attain the
standards and protect public health without sacrificing economic growth.
The goals of the plan are to: 1) maintain the progress currently being
made toward cleaner air and respect the agreements and technological
progress already made by communities and businesses to pursue clean air;
2) reward State and local governments and businesses that take early
action to reduce air pollution levels through cost-effective approaches;
3) respond to the fact that pollution can travel hundreds of miles and
cross many State lines; 4) work with the States to develop control
programs which employ regulatory flexibility to minimize economic
impacts on businesses large and small to the greatest possible degree
consistent with public health protection; 5) minimize planning and
regulatory burdens for State and local governments and businesses where
air quality problems are regional, not local, in nature; 6) ensure that
air quality planning and related Federal, State, and local planning are
coordinated; and 7) recognize the substantial lead time necessary for
State and local governments and businesses to plan for and meet
standards for a new indicator of PM.
[[Page 295]]
The Clean Air Act (CAA) requires the EPA to set air quality standards to
protect the public health and the environment without consideration of
costs. The 1997 revisions to the NAAQS for ground level ozone and PM
fulfill this requirement. However, the Act recognizes that the EPA and
the States must work together to develop cost-effective, flexible, and
fair implementation plans if the standards are to be met as
expeditiously as practicable.
There are a number of important linkages between these pollutants. There
is also a linkage between these pollutants and their precursors and
regional haze problems. Promulgation of the two standards simultaneously
provides a more complete description of the health and environmental
effects associated with two of the major components of air pollution. It
can help States and local areas better manage their air quality by
focusing on the common precursors of both pollutants and provides the
opportunity to work jointly with industry to address common sources of
multiple air pollutants in a comprehensive manner. This will lead to
more effective and efficient protection of public health and the
environment.
In addition to the interagency process, the EPA has been soliciting
other input. While the review of the ozone and PM NAAQS was underway,
the EPA convened a group of air quality experts representing industry,
environmental, and public health groups; State and local governments;
other Federal agencies; and academia under the Federal Advisory
Committee Act (FACA). This group was charged by the Administrator of the
EPA to develop innovative, flexible, and cost-effective implementation
strategies that utilize a mix of control measures to address ozone, PM,
and regional haze. This group will continue working with the EPA to
further develop this strategy.
In addition, all Federal agencies will continue to do their part in
carrying out the Federal responsibilities in the State/Federal
partnership that has been so successful in improving air quality in the
United States. In addition, the EPA, in partnership with the other
Federal agencies, has developed an interagency research program that is
described in Appendix 1 for the coordination of future research on both
ground level ozone and PM.
Implementation of Ozone Standard
Phase-out of 1-hour standard
The revised ozone standard is intended to replace the current 1-hour
standard with an 8-hour standard. However, the 1-hour standard will
continue to apply to areas not attaining it for an interim period to
ensure an effective transition to the new 8-hour standard.
Subpart 2 of part D of Title I of the CAA addresses the requirements for
different classifications of nonattainment areas that do not meet the
current 1-hour standard (i.e., marginal, moderate, serious, and severe).
These requirements include such items as mandatory control measures,
annual rate of progress requirements for emission reductions, and offset
ratios for the emissions from new or modified stationary sources. These
requirements have contributed significantly to the improvements in air
quality since 1990. Although the EPA initially offered an interpretation
of the CAA in
[[Page 296]]
the proposed Interim Implementation Policy (IIP) (61 FR
65764, December 13, 1996) under which the provisions of Subpart 2 would
not apply to existing ozone nonattainment areas once a new ozone NAAQS
is promulgated, the EPA has reconsidered that interpretation after
receiving comments on the proposed IIP. Based on EPA's legal review, the
Agency has concluded that Subpart 2 should continue to apply as a matter
of law for the purpose of achieving attainment of the current 1-hour
standard. Once an area attains the 1-hour standard, those provisions
will no longer apply and the area's implementation of the new 8-hour
standard would be governed only by the provisions of Subpart 1 of Part D
of Title I.
To streamline the process and minimize the burden on existing
nonattainment areas, the 1-hour standard will cease to apply to an area
upon a determination by the EPA that an area has attained air quality
that meets the 1-hour standard. In light of the implementation of the
new 8-hour standard, which is more stringent than the existing 1-hour
standard, States will not have to prepare maintenance plans for those
areas that attain the 1-hour standard. Within 90 days, the EPA will
publish an action identifying existing nonattainment areas and
maintenance areas to which the 1-hour standard will cease to apply
because they have attained the 1-hour standard.
For areas where the air quality does not currently attain the 1-hour
standard, the 1-hour standard will continue in effect. The provisions of
Subpart 2 would also apply to designated nonattainment areas until such
time as each area has air quality meeting the 1-hour standard. At that
time, the EPA will take action so that the 1-hour standard no longer
applies to such areas. In any event, the ``bump-up'' provisions of
Subpart 2, which require areas not attaining the standard by the
applicable attainment date to be reclassified to the next higher
classification, will not be triggered by the failure of any area to meet
the new 8-hour standard. The purpose of retaining the current standard
is to ensure a smooth legal and practical transition to the new
standard.
Implementation of New 8-hour Ozone standard
This section discusses the general timeline for implementing the 8-hour
standard, the importance of regional approaches to address ozone and
options for classifying and designating areas relative to the 8-hour
ozone NAAQS.
General Timeline
Following promulgation of a revised NAAQS, the Clean Air Act provides up
to 3 years for State governors to recommend and the EPA to designate
areas according to their most recent air quality. In addition, States
will have up to 3 years from designation to develop and submit State
Implementation Plans (SIPs) to provide for attainment of the new
standard. Under this approach, areas would be designated as
nonattainment for the 8-hour standard by 2000 and would submit their
nonattainment SIPs by 2003. The Act allows up to 10 years plus two 1-
year extensions from the date of designation for areas to attain the
revised NAAQS.
Regional Strategy
Ozone is a pollutant that travels great distances and it is increasingly
clear that it must be addressed as a regional problem. For the past 2
years the EPA has been working with the 37 most eastern States through
the Ozone Transport Assessment Group (OTAG) in the belief that reducing
interstate
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pollution will help all areas in the OTAG region attain the
NAAQS. A regional approach can reduce compliance costs and allow many
areas to avoid most traditional nonattainment planning requirements. The
OTAG was sponsored by the Environmental Council of States, with the
objective of evaluating ozone transport and recommending strategies for
mitigating interstate pollution. The OTAG completed its work in June
1997 and forwarded recommendations to the EPA. Based on these
recommendations, in September 1997, the EPA will propose a rule
requiring States in the OTAG region that are significantly contributing
to nonattainment or interfering with maintenance of attainment in
downwind States to submit SIPs to reduce their interstate pollution. The
EPA will issue the final rule by September 1998.
If the States choose to establish a regional emission cap-and-trade
system, modeled on the current acid rain program, reductions can be
obtained at a lower cost. The EPA will encourage and assist the States
to develop and implement such a program. Most important, based on the
EPA's review of the latest modeling, a regional approach, coupled with
the implementation of other already existing State and Federal Clean Air
Act requirements, will allow the vast majority of areas that currently
meet the 1-hour standard but would not otherwise meet the new 8-hour
standard to achieve healthful air quality without additional local
controls.
Areas in the OTAG region that would exceed the new standard after the
adoption of the regional strategy, including areas that do not meet the
current 1-hour standard, will benefit as well because the regional
NOX program will reduce the extent of additional local
measures needed to achieve the 8-hour standard. In many cases these
regional reductions may be adequate to meet CAA progress requirements
for a number of years, allowing areas to defer additional local
controls.
Transitional Classification
For areas that attain the 1-hour standard but not the new 8-hour
standard, the EPA will follow a flexible implementation approach that
encourages cleaner air sooner, responds to the fact that ozone is a
regional as well as local problem, and eliminates unnecessary planning
and regulatory burdens for State and local governments. A primary
element of the plan will be the establishment under Section 172(a)(1) of
the CAA of a special ``transitional'' classification for areas that
participate in a regional strategy and/or that opt to submit early plans
addressing the new 8-hour standard. Because many areas will need little
or no additional new local emission reductions to reach attainment,
beyond those reductions that will be achieved through the regional
control strategy, and will come into attainment earlier than otherwise
required, the EPA will exercise its discretion under the law to
eliminate unnecessary local planning requirements for such areas. The
EPA will revise its rules for new source review (NSR) and conformity so
that States will be able to comply with only minor revisions to their
existing programs in areas classified as transitional. During this
rulemaking, the EPA will also reexamine the NSR requirements applicable
to existing nonattainment areas, in order to deal with issues of
fairness among existing and new nonattainment areas. The transitional
classification will be available for any area attaining the 1-hour
standard but not attaining the 8-hour standard as of the time the EPA
promulgates designa-
[[Page 298]]
tions for the 8-hour standard. Areas will follow the
approaches described below based on their status.
(1) Areas attaining the 1-hour standard, but not attaining the 8-hour
standard, that would attain the 8-hour standard through the
implementation of the regional NOX transport strategy for the
East.
Based on the OTAG analyses, areas in the OTAG region that can reach
attainment through implementation of the regional transport strategy
would not be required to adopt and implement additional local measures.
When the EPA designates these areas under section 107(d), it will place
them in the new transitional classification if they would attain the
standard through implementation of the regional transport strategy and
are in a State that by 2000 submits an implementation plan that includes
control measures to achieve the emission reductions required by the
EPA's rule for States in the OTAG region. This is 3 years earlier than
an attainment SIP would otherwise be required. The EPA anticipates that
it will be able to determine whether such areas will attain based on the
OTAG and other regional modeling and that no additional local modeling
would be required.
(2) Areas attaining the 1-hour standard but not attaining the 8-hour
standard for which a regional transport strategy is not sufficient for
attainment of the 8-hour standard.
To encourage early planning and attainment for the 8-hour standard, the
EPA will make the transitional classification available to areas not
attaining the 8-hour standard that will need additional local measures
beyond the regional transport strategy, as well as to areas that are not
affected by the regional transport strategy, provided they meet certain
criteria. To receive the transitional classification, these areas must
submit an attainment SIP prior to the designation and classification
process in 2000. The SIP must demonstrate attainment of the 8-hour
standard and provide for the implementation of the necessary emissions
reductions on the same time schedule as the regional transport
reductions. The EPA will work with affected areas to develop a
streamlined attainment demonstration. By submitting these attainment
plans earlier than would have otherwise been required, these areas would
be eligible for the transitional classification and its benefits and
would achieve cleaner air much sooner than otherwise required.
(3) Areas not attaining the 1-hour standard and not attaining the 8-hour
standard
The majority of areas not attaining the 1-hour standard have made
substantial progress in evaluating their air quality problems and
developing plans to reduce emissions of ozone-causing pollutants. These
areas will be eligible for the transitional classification provided that
they attain the 1-hour standard by the year 2000 and comply with the
appropriate provisions of section (1) or (2) above depending upon which
conditions they meet.
Areas not Eligible for the Transitional Classification
For these areas, their work on planning and control programs to meet the
1-hour standard by their current attainment date (e.g., 2005 for
Philadelphia and 2007 for Chicago) will take them a long way toward
meeting the 8-hour standard. While the additional local reductions that
they will need to achieve the 8-hour standard must occur prior to their
8-hour attainment date (e.g., 2010), for virtually all areas the
additional reductions needed to achieve the 8-hour standard can occur
after the 1-hour attainment date.
[[Page 299]]
This approach allows them to make
continued progress toward attaining the 8-hour standard throughout the
entire period without requiring new additional local controls for
attaining the 8-hour standard until the 1-hour standard is attained.
These areas, however, will need to submit an implementation plan within
3 years of designation as nonattainment for the new standard for
achieving the 8-hour standard. Such a plan can rely in large part on
measures needed to attain the 1-hour standard. For virtually all of
these areas, no additional local control measures beyond those needed to
meet the requirements of Subpart 2 and needed in response to the
regional transport strategy would be required to be implemented prior to
their applicable attainment date for the 1-hour standard. Nonattainment
areas that do not attain the 1-hour standard by their attainment date
would continue to make progress in accordance with the requirements of
Subpart 2; the control measures needed to meet the progress requirements
under Subpart 2 would generally be sufficient for meeting the control
measure and progress requirements of Subpart 1 as well.
Implementation of Particulate Matter Standards
As required under the Act, within the next 5 years the EPA will complete
the next periodic review of the PM criteria and standards, including
review by the CASAC. As with all NAAQS reviews, the purpose is to update
the pertinent scientific and technical information and to determine
whether it is appropriate to revise the standards in order to protect
the public health with an adequate margin of safety or to protect the
public welfare. Although the EPA has concluded that the current
scientific knowledge provides a strong basis for the revised PM10
and new PM2.5 standards, there remain scientific
uncertainties associated with the health and environmental effects of PM
and the means of reducing them.
The following steps discussed below and in Appendix 1, Interagency
Research Program, will address these concerns. First, recognizing the
importance of developing a better understanding of the effects of fine
particles on human health, including their causes and mechanisms, as
well as the species and sources of PM2.5, the EPA will
continue to sponsor research, particularly in these areas. Second, the
Administrator of the EPA will promptly initiate a new review of the
scientific criteria on the effects of airborne particles on human health
and the environment. Within 90 days, the EPA will develop and provide to
CASAC a plan and proposed schedule for this review to assure that the
review is completed within 5 years. The plan and schedule will be
published in the Federal Register. Thus, by July 2002, the Agency will
have determined, based on data available from its review, whether to
revise or maintain the standards. This determination will have been made
before any areas have been designated nonattainment under the PM2.5
standards and before imposition of any new controls related to the
PM2.5 standards.
Implementation of New PM2.5 NAAQS
As set forth in the EPA's final action regarding PM, the EPA is
establishing a new indicator for fine particles (i.e., PM2.5)
and promulgating new PM2.5 standards. Monitoring and planning
will be required before control measures to address these standards
would be required. Therefore, the first pri-
[[Page 300]]
ority for implementing them
is establishment of a comprehensive monitoring network to determine
ambient fine particle concentrations across the country. The monitoring
network will help the EPA and the States determine which areas do not
meet the new air quality standards, what are the major sources of
PM2.5 in various regions, and what action is needed to clean
up the air. The EPA and the States will consult with affected
stakeholders on the design of the network and will then establish the
network, which will consist of approximately 1,500 monitors. All
monitors will provide for limited speciation, or analysis of the
chemical composition, of the particles measured. At least 50 of the
monitors will provide for a more comprehensive speciation of the
particles. The EPA will work with states to deploy the PM2.5
monitoring network. Based on the ambient monitoring data we have seen to
date, these would generally not include agricultural areas. The EPA will
fund the cost of purchasing the monitors, as well as the cost of
analyzing particles collected at the monitors to determine their
chemical composition.
Because the EPA is establishing standards for a new indicator for PM
(i.e., PM2.5), it is critical to develop the best information
possible before attainment and nonattainment designation decisions are
made. Three calendar years of Federal reference method monitoring data
will be used to determine whether areas meet or do not meet the
PM2.5 standards. Three years of data will be available from
the earliest monitors in the spring of 2001, and 3 years of data will be
available from all monitors in 2004. Following this monitoring schedule
and allowing time for data analysis, Governors and the EPA will not be
able to make the first determinations as to which areas should be
designated nonattainment until at least 2002, 5 years from now. The
Clean Air Act, however, requires that the EPA make designation
determinations (i.e., attainment, nonattainment, or unclassifiable)
within 2 to 3 years of revising a NAAQS. To fulfill this requirement, in
1999 the EPA will issue ``unclassifiable'' designations for
PM2.5. These designations will not trigger the planning or
control requirements of part D of Title I of the Act.
When the EPA designates PM2.5 nonattainment areas pursuant to
the Governors' recommendations beginning in 2002, areas will be allowed
3 years to develop and submit to the EPA pollution control plans showing
how they will meet the new standards. Areas will then have up to 10
years from their redesignation to nonattainment to attain the PM2.5
standards with the possibility of two 1-year extensions.
In developing strategies for attaining the PM2.5 standards,
it is important to focus on measures that decrease emissions that
contribute to regional pollution. Available information indicates that
nearly one-third of the areas projected not to meet the new PM2.5
standards, primarily in the Eastern United States, could come into
compliance as a result of the regional SO2 emission
reductions already mandated under the Clean Air Act's acid rain program,
which will be fully implemented between 2000 and 2010. Similarly, the
Grand Canyon Visibility Transport Commission, consisting of Western
States and tribes, committed to reducing regional emissions of
PM2.5 precursors (sulfates, nitrates, and organics) to
improve visibility across the Colorado Plateau.
As detailed PM2.5 air quality data and data on the chemical
composition of PM2.5 in different areas become available, the
EPA will work with the
[[Page 301]]
States to analyze regional strategies that could
reduce PM2.5 levels. If further cost-effective regional
reductions will help areas meet the new standard, the EPA will encourage
States to work together to use a cap-and-trade approach similar to that
used to curb acid rain. This acid rain program delivered environmental
benefits at a greatly reduced cost.
Given the regional dimensions of the PM2.5 problem, local
governments and local businesses should not be required to undertake
unnecessary planning and local regulatory measures when the problem
requires action on a regional basis. Therefore, as long as the States
are doing their part to carry out regional reduction programs, the areas
that would attain the PM2.5 standards based on full
implementation of the acid rain program would not face new local
requirements. Early identification of other regional strategies could
also assist local areas in completing their programs to attain the
PM2.5 standards after those areas have been designated
nonattainment.
The EPA will also encourage States to coordinate their PM2.5
control strategy development and efforts to protect regional visibility.
Visibility monitoring and data analysis will support both PM2.5
implementation and the visibility program.
Implementation of Revised PM10 NAAQS
In its rule, the EPA is revising the current set of PM10
standards. Given that health effects from coarse particles are still of
concern, the overall goal during this transition period is to ensure
that PM10 control measures remain in place to maintain the
progress that has been achieved toward attainment of the current
PM10 NAAQS (and which provides benefits for PM2.5)
and protection of public health.
To ensure that this goal is met, the existing PM10 NAAQS will
continue to apply until certain critical actions by the EPA, and by
States and local agencies, have been taken to sustain the progress
already made. For areas not attaining the existing PM10 NAAQS
when the revised standards go into effect, those standards remain in
effect until the EPA has completed a section 172(e) rulemaking to
prevent backsliding. The EPA will propose this rulemaking in the Fall of
1997. For areas attaining the existing PM10 NAAQS, the EPA
will retain the existing PM10 NAAQS until the State submits
and the EPA approves the section 110 SIP which States are required to
submit within 3 years of a NAAQS revision. Once those areas have an
approved SIP, the EPA will take action so the standard no longer
applies. In addition, the EPA will take action within 3 years to
designate areas for the revised PM10 standards.
Cost-Effective Implementation Strategies
There is a strong desire to drive the development of new technologies
with the potential of greater emission reduction at less cost. It was
agreed that $10,000 per ton of emission reduction is the high end of the
range of reasonable cost to impose on sources. Consistent with the
State's ultimate responsibility to attain the standards, the EPA will
encourage the States to design strategies for attaining the PM and ozone
standards that focus on getting low cost reductions and limiting the
cost of control to under $10,000 per ton for all sources. Market-based
strategies can be used to re-
[[Page 302]]
duce compliance costs. The EPA will
encourage the use of concepts such as a Clean Air Investment Fund, which
would allow sources facing control costs higher than $10,000 a ton for
any of these pollutants to pay a set annual amount per ton to fund cost-
effective emissions reductions from non-traditional and small sources.
Compliance strategies like this will likely lower the costs of attaining
the standards through more efficient allocation, minimize the regulatory
burden for small and large pollution sources, and serve to stimulate
technology innovation as well.
Additional Future Activities and Coordination with Other Federal
Departments and Agencies
The approaches outlined above for implementation of the current and new
ozone standards will be developed in the future in much greater detail.
In order to ensure that the final details are practical, incorporate
common sense, and provide the appropriate steps toward cleaning the air,
input is needed from many stakeholders such as representatives of State
and local governments, industry, environmental groups, and Federal
agencies. The EPA will continue seeking such advice from a range of
stakeholders and, after evaluating their input, propose the necessary
guidance to make these approaches work. Moreover, the EPA will continue
to work with a number of Federal agencies to ensure that those agencies
comply with these new standards in cost-effective, common sense ways.
The guidance and rules (e.g., revisions to NSR and conformity) will be
completed by the end of 1998.
The EPA will continue to work with the Small Business Administration
(SBA) because small businesses are particularly concerned about the
potential impact resulting from future control measures to meet the
revised PM and ozone standards. The EPA, in partnership with SBA, will
work with the States to include in their SIPs flexible regulatory
alternatives that minimize the economic impact and paperwork burden on
small businesses to the greatest possible degree consistent with public
health protection.
The EPA and the Department of Defense will continue to work towards
assuring that the CAA's general conformity provisions are applied
appropriately so as to maintain the air quality benefits of this
requirement consistent with the Department's goals for cost-saving
consolidation of the defense infrastructure and the economic viability
for civilian use of former military bases, in support of base
realignment and closure activities.
In addition, understanding that critical training using smoke and
obscurants must continue to ensure the training and readiness of the
military, the EPA will work with the Department of Defense to develop a
policy that ensures that a local area will not be redesignated to
nonattainment solely on the basis of the use of obscurants or smoke for
such purposes. While there is a need to keep the public informed of
violations of air quality standards, if any were to occur, there is no
need to curtail the training or limit it to certain weather conditions.
The EPA will also work closely with the Department of Agriculture and
the Agriculture Air Quality Task Force on any agricultural issues
associated with the ozone and PM standards. By establishing new
standards for particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers in
diameter (PM2.5), as opposed
[[Page 303]]
to tightening the existing
standards for particles smaller than 10 micrometers (PM10),
the EPA is actually focusing regulatory attention away from farming and
tilling issues. Indeed, soils and agriculture comprise a much smaller
portion of the PM2.5 problem than they do of the PM10
problem. The EPA will issue guidance to the States to ensure that in
meeting the PM2.5 standards they focus their control
strategies on sources of fine particles, rather than coarse particles
(those particles larger than PM2.5).
Finally, the EPA will continue to work with the interagency group
addressing fire and air quality issues. The EPA recognizes the
inevitability of fire, and the important role of fire in natural
systems. The interagency group will develop policies and practices to
assure compatibility between fire and air quality programs consistent
with public health, safety, and environmental protection.
Appendix 1
Interagency Research Program
The EPA has concluded that the current scientific knowledge provides a
strong basis for the revised ozone and PM10 standards and the
new PM2.5 standards. However, for both pollutants there exist
uncertainties about the health effects and their causes that can benefit
from further study. The complex chemistry of their formation and the
potential for the regional transport of their precursor pollutants and
ozone and PM also needs to be better understood to design effective
control strategies to reduce their concentrations in the ambient air.
The research program is structured to prioritize those projects that
ensure research activities are focused on high-priority topics and that
the research carried out by various agencies is both complementary and
timely. The EPA will reach out to form partnerships with the private
sector and State and local governments in performing the research
wherever possible.
Particulate Matter Research
As discussed elsewhere, the EPA will complete another full scientific
and technical review of the PM standards by 2002. Simultaneous with the
planning for the current criteria review in 1993, the EPA began a
process of increasing emphasis on PM research. As discussed above,
commenters on the proposed PM NAAQS also expressed significant concerns
about the science. The steps discussed below are intended to address the
concerns raised by the commenters.
Based on the recently completed comprehensive scientific review, the EPA
is again reassessing its research priorities to address the most recent
understanding of these uncertainties with the development of two
documents, entitled PM Research Needs for Human Health Risk Assessment
and ORD PM Research Program Strategy. These documents are designed to
highlight significant health research needs and EPA/ORD's strategy to
address a subset of those needs as well as research needs for
implementing the standards. Both documents were reviewed by the Clean
Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC) in a November 1996 meeting,
and are currently undergoing revisions to address CASAC comments.
These documents, in turn, will help to guide an expansion of an ongoing
government-wide effort to target and coordinate Federal research on
particulate matter. The EPA, in partnership with other Federal agencies,
will de-
[[Page 304]]
velop a greatly expanded coordinated interagency PM research
program. The program will contribute to expanding the science associated
with particulate matter health effects, as well as developing improved
monitoring methods and cost-effective mitigation strategies. For
example, the Department of Health and Human Services is conducting
research on respiratory disease and could undertake surveillance of PM-
related health effects. Significant emphasis will be placed on
coordinating research on health effects, biological mechanism causing
effects, monitoring, source-receptor relationships, speciation of PM,
identification of sources, control technologies and regional transport
for particulate matter with corresponding research on ozone and other
related pollutants including regional haze. To assist State and local
efforts in completing planning requirements and reducing PM, the EPA
will work cooperatively with the Department of Agriculture, Department
of Defense, Department of Energy, Department of Transportation, and
other affected Federal agencies to refine existing, limited analytical
models for PM10 and to develop new reliable predictive models
for PM2.5.
Tropospheric (Ground Level) Ozone Research
To ensure that the ozone NAAQS and their implementation continue to be
based on the best available science, the EPA will continue its research
efforts on tropospheric or ground level ozone. As with the setting and
implementation of virtually all health-based environmental standards,
there remain scientific uncertainties associated with the effects of
ozone and the means of reducing them. The EPA has participated in an
intergovernmental public/private partnership called the North American
Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone (NARSTO) that involves a
coordinated effort to identify and address key issues in the emissions,
transport, and mitigation of photochemical pollutants. Further, with the
completion of the ozone Criteria Document, the EPA has reassessed the
uncertainties and research needs on the health and ecological effects of
ozone at workshops held in March and May 1997, respectively. The EPA is
currently developing a health and ecological effects research needs
document for ozone, which will be submitted for review by CASAC.
In addition, the EPA will continue broader efforts to coordinate Federal
research on tropospheric ozone. The public/private NARSTO partnership is
a model cooperative effort already begun in the area of atmospheric
processes and risk management. NARSTO's membership spans government,
utilities and other industries, and the academic community--all
following a single national research agenda. The EPA will also work in
partnership with other Federal agencies to address research needs on
ozone health and ecological effects. For example, the Department of
Health and Human Services is conducting research on respiratory disease
and could undertake surveillance of ozone-related health effects. These
research efforts will be coordinated to ensure research activities are
focused on high-priority topics and that the research carried out by
various agencies is complementary. Significant emphasis will be placed
on coordinating both health effects, monitoring, source-receptor, and
control technologies for ozone with corresponding research on
particulate matter and other related pollutants subject to significant
regional transport.
[[Page 305]]
Memorandum of July 24, 1997
Delegation of Authority Under Section 1424 of the National Defense
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997
Memorandum for the Secretary of Defense
By the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the
United States of America, including section 301 of title 3 of the United
States Code, I hereby delegate to you, in consultation with the
Secretary of State, the authority vested in the President under section
1424(c) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997
(Public Law 104-201).
You are authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the
Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, July 24, 1997.
Notice of July 31, 1997
Continuation of Iraqi Emergency
On August 2, 1990, by Executive Order 12722, President Bush declared a
national emergency to deal with the unusual and extraordinary threat to
national security and foreign policy of the United States constituted by
the actions and policies of the Government of Iraq. By Executive Orders
12722 of August 2, 1990, and 12724 of August 9, 1990, the President
imposed trade sanctions on Iraq and blocked Iraqi government assets.
Because the Government of Iraq has continued its activities hostile to
United States interests in the Middle East, the national emergency
declared on August 2, 1990, and the measures adopted on August 2 and
August 9, 1990, to deal with that emergency must continue in effect
beyond August 2, 1997. Therefore, in accordance with section 202(d) of
the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d)), I am continuing the
national emergency with respect to Iraq.
This notice shall be published in the Federal Register and transmitted
to the Congress.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
July 31, 1997.
[[Page 306]]
Memorandum of August 5, 1997
Delegation of Authority Under Section 803(a) of the Intelligence
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997
Memorandum for the Director of Central Intelligence
By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and laws of
the United States of America, including section 301 of title 3 of the
United States Code, I hereby delegate the functions conferred upon the
President by section 803(a) of the Intelligence Authorization Act for
Fiscal Year 1997, 50 U.S.C. section 404d, to the Director of Central
Intelligence.
You are authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the
Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, August 5, 1997.
Presidential Determination No. 97-30 of August 7, 1997
Creation of a Middle East Peace and Stability Fund Using Current- and
Prior-Year Economic Support Funds Appropriated for Egypt
Memorandum for the Secretary of State
Pursuant to the authority vested in me by section 614(a)(1) of the
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, 22 U.S.C. 2364(a)(1) (the
``Act''), I hereby determine that it is important to the security
interests of the United States to furnish up to $50 million in current-
and prior-year funds to Jordan under chapter 4 of part II of the Act
without regard to any provision of the law within the scope of section
614(a)(1). I hereby authorize the furnishing of such assistance.
You are hereby authorized and directed to transmit this determination to
the Congress and to arrange for its publication in the Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, August 7, 1997.
Notice of August 13, 1997
Continuation of Emergency Regarding Export Control Regulations
On August 19, 1994, consistent with the authority provided me under the
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), I
[[Page 307]]
issued Executive Order 12924. In that order, I declared a national
emergency with respect to the unusual and extraordinary threat to the
national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States in
light of the expiration of the Export Administration Act of 1979, as
amended (50 U.S.C. App. 2401 et seq.). Because the Export Administration
Act has not been renewed by the Congress, the national emergency
declared on August 19, 1994, must continue in effect beyond August 19,
1997. Therefore, in accordance with section 202(d) of the National
Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d)), I am continuing the national
emergency declared in Executive Order 12924.
This notice shall be published in the Federal Register and transmitted
to the Congress.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
August 13, 1997.
Presidential Determination No. 97-31 of August 16, 1997
Use of Section 614 To Provide Assistance to Colombia
Memorandum for the Secretary of State
Pursuant to the authority vested in me by section 614(a)(2) of the
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, 22 U.S.C. 2364(a)(2) (the
``Act''), I hereby determine that it is vital to the national security
interests of the United States to make sales and extend credits to
Colombia of up to $30 million in Foreign Military Financing under the
Arms Export Control Act, without regard to any provision of the law
within the scope of section 614. I hereby authorize such making of sales
and extensions of credit, including the expenditure of previously
obligated Foreign Military Financing funds needed to finance such sales.
Pursuant to the authority vested in me by section 614(a)(1) of the Act,
22 U.S.C. 2364(a)(1), I hereby determine that it is important to the
security interests of the United States to furnish up to $600,000 in
Fiscal Year 1997 funds under Chapter 5 of part II of the Act for
Colombia, without regard to any provision of the law within the scope of
section 614. I hereby authorize the furnishing of such assistance.
You are authorized and directed to report this determination to the
Congress and to arrange for its publication in the Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, August 16, 1997.
[[Page 308]]
Memorandum of August 20, 1997
Determination Under Section 610(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act of
1961, as Amended, To Transfer $17.5 Million to the Operating Expenses
Appropriation
Memorandum for the Administrator of the Agency
for International Development
Pursuant to the authorities vested in me by sections 109 and 610(a) of
the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended (the ``Act''), I hereby
determine that it is necessary for the purposes of the Act that $17.5
million appropriated for fiscal year 1997 to carry out chapter 1 of part
I of the Act be transferred to, and consolidated with, appropriations
made to carry out section 667(a) of the Act. I hereby authorize such
transfer and consolidation.
This determination shall be effective immediately, and you are
authorized and directed to publish this determination in the Federal
Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, August 20, 1997.
Presidential Determination No. 97-32 of September 12, 1997
Extension of the Exercise of Certain Authorities Under the Trading With
the Enemy Act
Memorandum for the Secretary of State [and] the Secretary
of the Treasury
Under section 101(b) of Public Law 95-223 (91 Stat. 1625; 50 U.S.C. App.
5(b) note), and a previous determination made by me on August 27, 1996
(61 Fed. Reg. 46529), the exercise of certain authorities under the
Trading With the Enemy Act is scheduled to terminate on September 14,
1997.
I hereby determine that the extension for 1 year of the exercise of
those authorities with respect to the applicable countries is in the
national interest of the United States.
Therefore, pursuant to the authority vested in me by section 101(b) of
Public Law 95-223, I extend for 1 year, until September 14, 1998, the
exercise of those authorities with respect to countries affected by:
(1) the Foreign Assets Control Regulations, 31 CFR Part 500;
(2) the Transaction Control Regulations, 31 CFR Part 505; and
(3) the Cuban Assets Control Regulations, 31 CFR Part 515.
[[Page 309]]
The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized and directed to publish this
determination in the Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, September 12, 1997.
Presidential Determination No. 97-33 of September 22, 1997
Presidential Determination To Permit U.S. Contributions to the
International Fund for Ireland With Fiscal Year 1996 and 1997 Funds
Memorandum for the Secretary of State
Pursuant to section 5(c) of the Anglo-Irish Agreement Support Act of
1986 (Public Law 99-415), I hereby certify that I am satisfied that: (1)
the Board of the International Fund for Ireland as established pursuant
to the Anglo-Irish Agreement of November 15, 1985, is, as a whole,
broadly representative of the interests of the communities in Ireland
and Northern Ireland; and (2) disbursements from the International Fund
for Ireland (a) will be distributed in accordance with the principle of
equality of opportunity and nondiscrimination in employment, without
regard to religious affiliation, and (b) will address the needs of both
communities in Northern Ireland.
You are authorized and directed to transmit this determination, together
with the attached statement setting forth a detailed explanation of the
basis for this certification, to the Congress.
This determination shall be effective immediately and shall be published
in the Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, September 22, 1997.
Presidential Determination No. 97-34 of September 22, 1997
Transfer of $4 Million in FY 1997 Economic Support Funds to the
Peacekeeping Operations Account To Support the African Crisis Response
Initiative
Memorandum for the Secretary of State
Pursuant to the authority vested in me by section 610(a) of the Foreign
Assistance Act of 1961, as amended (the ``Act''), I hereby determine
that it is necessary for the purposes of the Act that $4 million of
funds made available under Chapter 4 of Part II of the Act for fiscal
year 1997 be transferred to, and consolidated with, funds made available
under Chapter 6 of Part II of the Act.
[[Page 310]]
I hereby authorize the use in fiscal year 1997 of the aforesaid $4
million in funds made available under Chapter 4 of Part II of the Act to
provide peacekeeping assistance to support countries participating in
the African Crisis Response Initiative.
You are hereby authorized and directed to report this determination
immediately to the Congress and to arrange for its publication in the
Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, September 22, 1997.
Notice of September 24, 1997
Continuation of Emergency With Respect to UNITA
On September 26, 1993, by Executive Order 12865, I declared a national
emergency to deal with the unusual and extraordinary threat to the
foreign policy of the United States constituted by the actions and
policies of the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola
(``UNITA''), prohibiting the sale or supply by United States persons or
from the United States, or using U.S.-registered vessels or aircraft, of
arms and related material of all types, and petroleum and petroleum
products to the territory of Angola, other than through designated
points of entry. The order also prohibits the sale or supply of such
commodities to UNITA. Because of our continuing international
obligations and because of the prejudicial effect that discontinuation
of the sanctions would have on the Angolan peace process, the national
emergency declared on September 26, 1993, and the measures adopted
pursuant thereto to deal with that emergency, must continue in effect
beyond September 26, 1997. Therefore, in accordance with section 202(d)
of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d)), I am continuing the
national emergency with respect to UNITA.
This notice shall be published in the Federal Register and transmitted
to the Congress.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
September 24, 1997.
[[Page 311]]
Presidential Determination No. 97-35 of September 26, 1997
Presidential Determination on Classified Information Concerning the Air
Force's Operating Location Near Groom Lake, Nevada
Memorandum for the Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency [and] the Secretary of the Air Force
I find that it is in the paramount interest of the United States to
exempt the United States Air Force's operating location near Groom Lake,
Nevada (the subject of litigation in Kasza v. Browner (D. Nev. CV-S-94-
795-PMP) and Frost v. Perry (D. Nev. CV-S-94-714-PMP)), from any
applicable requirement for the disclosure to unauthorized persons of
classified information concerning that operating location. Therefore,
pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 6961(a), I hereby exempt the Air Force's operating
location near Groom Lake, Nevada, from any Federal, State, interstate,
or local provision respecting control and abatement of solid waste or
hazardous waste disposal that would require the disclosure of classified
information concerning that operating location to any unauthorized
person. This exemption shall be effective for the full one-year
statutory period.
Nothing herein is intended to: (a) imply that in the absence of such a
Presidential exemption, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA) or any other provision of law permits or requires disclosure of
classified information to unauthorized persons; or (b) limit the
applicability or enforcement of any requirement of law applicable to the
Air Force's operating location near Groom Lake, Nevada, except those
provisions, if any, that would require the disclosure of classified
information.
The Secretary of the Air Force is authorized and directed to publish
this determination in the Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, September 26, 1997.
Notice of September 30, 1997
Continuation of Iran Emergency
On November 14, 1979, by Executive Order 12170, the President declared a
national emergency to deal with the threat to the national security,
foreign policy, and economy of the United States constituted by the
situation in Iran. Notices of the continuation of this national
emergency have been transmitted annually by the President to the
Congress and the Federal Register. The most recent notice appeared in
the Federal Register on October 31, 1996. Because our relations with
Iran have not yet returned to normal, and the process of implementing
the January 19, 1981, agreements with Iran is still underway, the
national emergency declared on November 14, 1979, must continue in
effect beyond November 14, 1997. Therefore, in accordance with section
202(d) of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C.
[[Page 312]]
1622(d)), I am continuing the national emergency with respect to Iran.
This notice shall be published in the Federal Register and transmitted
to the Congress.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
September 30, 1997.
Presidential Determination No. 97-36 of September 30, 1997
Presidential Determination on Ex-Im Loan to China for Shanghai Metro
Memorandum for the Secretary of State
Pursuant to section 2(b)(2)(D)(ii) of the Export-Import Bank Act of
1945, as amended, I determine that it is in the national interest for
the Export-Import Bank of the United States to extend a loan in the
approximate amount of $60 million to the People's Republic of China to
finance the export of U.S. goods and services for the construction of
Shanghai Metro Phase II, Line I, located in the city of Shanghai, China.
You are authorized and directed to report this determination to the
Congress and to publish it in the Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, September 30, 1997.
Presidential Determination No. 97-37 of September 30, 1997
Presidential Determination on FY 1998 Refugee Admissions Numbers and
Authorizations of In-Country Refugee Status Pursuant to Sections 207 and
101(a)(42), Respectively, of the Immigration and Nationality Act, and
Determination Pursuant to Section 2(b)(2) of the Migration and Refugee
Assistance Act, as Amended
Memorandum for the Secretary of State
In accordance with section 207 of the Immigration and Nationality Act
(``the Act'') (8 U.S.C. 1157), as amended, and after appropriate
consultation with the Congress, I hereby make the following
determinations and authorize the following actions:
The admission of up to 83,000 refugees to the United States during FY
1998 is justified by humanitarian concerns or is otherwise in the
national interest; provided, however, that this number shall be
understood as including persons admitted to the United States during FY
[[Page 313]]
1998 with Federal refugee resettlement assistance under the Amerasian
immigrant admissions program, as provided below.
The 83,000 admissions shall be allocated among refugees of special
humanitarian concern to the United States in accordance with the
following regional allocations; provided, however, that the number
allocated to the East Asia region shall include persons admitted to the
United States during FY 1998 with Federal refugee resettlement
assistance under section 584 of the Foreign Operations, Export
Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act of 1988, as contained
in section 101(e) of Public Law 100-202 (Amerasian immigrants and their
family members); provided further that the number allocated to the
former Soviet Union shall include persons admitted who were nationals of
the former Soviet Union, or in the case of persons having no
nationality, who were habitual residents of the former Soviet Union,
prior to September 2, 1991:
Africa........................................... 7,000
East Asia........................................ 14,000
Europe........................................... 51,000
Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 4,000
Near East/South Asia............................. 4,000
Unallocated...................................... 3,000
Within the Europe ceiling are 5,000 unfunded reserve numbers allocated
to the former Soviet Union for use as needed provided that resources
within existing appropriations are available to fund the cost of their
admission. The 3,000 unfunded unallocated numbers shall be allocated as
needed if resources within existing appropriations are available to fund
the cost of their admission. Unused admissions numbers allocated to a
particular region within the 75,000 federally funded ceiling may be
transferred to one or more other regions if there is an overriding need
for greater numbers for the region or regions to which the numbers are
being transferred. You are hereby authorized and directed to consult
with the Judiciary Committees of the Congress prior to any such use of
the unallocated numbers or reallocation of numbers from one region to
another.
Pursuant to section 2(b)(2) of the Migration and Refugee Assistance Act
of 1962, as amended, 22 U.S.C. 2601(b)(2), I hereby determine that
assistance to or on behalf of persons applying for admission to the
United States as part of the overseas refugee admissions program will
contribute to the foreign policy interests of the United States and
designate such persons for this purpose.
An additional 10,000 refugee admissions numbers shall be made available
during FY 1998 for the adjustment to permanent resident status under
section 209(b) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1159(b))
of aliens who have been granted asylum in the United States under
section 208 of the Act (8 U.S.C. 1158), as this is justified by
humanitarian concerns or is otherwise in the national interest.
In accordance with section 101(a)(42)(B) of the Act (8 U.S.C.
1101(a)(42)) and after appropriate consultation with the Congress, I
also specify that, for FY 1998, the following persons may, if otherwise
qualified, be considered refugees for the purpose of admission to the
United States within their countries of nationality or habitual
residence:
a. Persons in Vietnam
[[Page 314]]
b. Persons in Cuba
c. Persons in the former Soviet Union
You are authorized and directed to report this determination to the
Congress immediately and to publish it in the Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, September 30, 1997.
Presidential Determination No. 97-38 of September 30, 1997
Drawdown Under Section 506(2) of the Foreign Assistance Act To Provide
Counternarcotics Assistance to Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, and the
Countries of the Eastern Caribbean
Memorandum for the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense [and]
the Secretary of Transportation
Pursuant to the authority vested in me by section 506(a)(2) of the
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, 22 U.S.C. 2318(a)(2) (``the
Act''), I hereby determine that it is in the national interest of the
United States to draw down articles and services from the inventory and
resources of the Department of Defense, military education and training
from the Department of Defense, and articles and services from the
inventory and resources of the Department of Transportation for the
purpose of providing international narcotics assistance to Colombia,
Venezuela, Peru, and the countries of the Eastern Caribbean Regional
Security System (RSS), including: Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados,
Dominica, Grenada, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent and
the Grenadines.
Therefore, I direct the drawdown of up to $20 million of articles and
services from the inventory and resources of the Departments of Defense
and Transportation, and military education and training from the
Department of Defense, for the Governments of Colombia, Venezuela, Peru,
and the countries of the RSS, for the purposes and under the authorities
of chapter 8 of part I of the Act.
The Secretary of State is authorized and directed to report this
determination to the Congress immediately and to arrange for its
publication in the Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, September 30, 1997.
[[Page 315]]
Presidential Determination No. 97-39 of September 30, 1997
Delegation of Authority Under Section 1322(c) of the National Defense
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1996 (Public Law 104-106)
Memorandum for the Secretary of Defense
By the authority vested in me by the Constitution and laws of the United
States of America, I hereby delegate to the Secretary of Defense the
duties and responsibilities vested in the President by section 1322(c)
of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1996 (``the
Act'') (Public Law 104-106, 110 Stat. 478-479 (1996)).
The reporting requirement delegated by this memorandum may be
redelegated not lower than the Under Secretary level. The Department of
Defense shall obtain concurrence on the report from the following
agencies: the Department of Commerce, the Department of State, the
Department of the Treasury, and the Director of Central Intelligence on
behalf of the intelligence community prior to submission to the
Congress.
Any reference in this memorandum to the provisions of any Act shall be
deemed to be a reference to such Act or its provisions as may be amended
from time to time.
The Secretary of Defense is authorized and directed to publish this
memorandum in the Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, September 30, 1997.
Presidential Determination No. 98-1 of October 8, 1997
Presidential Determination on the Proposed Agreement for Cooperation
Between the Government of the United States of America and the Swiss
Federal Council Concerning Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy
Memorandum for the Secretary of State [and] the
Secretary of Energy
I have considered the proposed Agreement for Cooperation Between the
Government of the United States of America and the Swiss Federal Council
Concerning Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy, along with the views,
recommendations, and statements of the interested agencies.
I have determined that the performance of the agreement will promote,
and will not constitute an unreasonable risk to, the common defense and
security. Pursuant to section 123 b. of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954,
as amended (42 U.S.C. 2153(b)), I hereby approve the proposed agreement
and authorize you to arrange for its execution.
[[Page 316]]
The Secretary of State is authorized and directed to publish this
determination in the Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, October 8, 1997.
Presidential Determination No. 98-2 of October 9, 1997
Presidential Determination on the Proposed Agreement for Cooperation
Between the Government of the United States of America and the
Government of the Federative Republic of Brazil Concerning Peaceful Uses
of Nuclear Energy
Memorandum for the Secretary of State [and] the
Secretary of Energy
I have considered the proposed Agreement for Cooperation Between the
Government of the United States of America and the Government of the
Federative Republic of Brazil Concerning Peaceful Uses of Nuclear
Energy, along with the views, recommendations, and statements of the
interested agencies.
I have determined that the performance of the agreement will promote,
and will not constitute an unreasonable risk to, the common defense and
security. Pursuant to section 123 b. of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954,
as amended (42 U.S.C. 2153(b)), I hereby approve the proposed agreement
and authorize you to arrange for its execution.
The Secretary of State is authorized and directed to publish this
determination in the Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, October 9, 1997.
Notice of October 17, 1997
Continuation of Emergency With Respect to Significant Narcotics
Traffickers Centered in Colombia
On October 21, 1995, by Executive Order 12978, I declared a national
emergency to deal with the unusual and extraordinary threat to the
national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States
constituted by the actions of significant foreign narcotics traffickers
centered in Colombia, and the unparalleled violence, corruption, and
harm that they cause in the United States and abroad. The order blocks
all property and interests in property of foreign persons listed in an
Annex to the order, as well as foreign persons determined to play a
significant role in international narcotics trafficking centered in
Colombia, to materially assist in, or provide financial or technological
support for or goods or services in support of, the nar-
[[Page 317]]
cotics trafficking activities of persons designated in or pursuant to the
order, or to be owned or controlled by, or to act for or on behalf of,
persons designated in or pursuant to the order. The order also prohibits
any transaction or dealing by United States persons or within the United
States in such property or interests in property. Because the activities
of significant narcotics traffickers centered in Colombia continue to
threaten the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the
United States and to cause unparalleled violence, corruption, and harm
in the United States and abroad, the national emergency declared on
October 21, 1995, and the measures adopted pursuant thereto to deal with
that emergency, must continue in effect beyond October 21, 1997.
Therefore, in accordance with section 202(d) of the National Emergencies
Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d)), I am continuing the national emergency for 1
year with respect to significant narcotics traffickers centered in
Colombia.
This notice shall be published in the Federal Register and transmitted
to the Congress.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
October 17, 1997.
Memorandum of November 4, 1997
Authorization To Redelegate Certain Responsibilities Vested in the
President and Delegated to the Secretary of State
Memorandum for the Secretary of State
By the authority vested in me by the Constitution and laws of the United
States, including section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, to
the extent that you consider doing so appropriate to facilitate the
consolidation of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency and the
Department of State, I hereby authorize you to redelegate to any officer
of the executive branch any or all authorities vested in the President
that are delegated to the Secretary of State by any act, order,
determination, delegation of authority, regulation, or Executive order
heretofore or hereinafter enacted or issued and that have been or may be
redelegated to the Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and
International Security Affairs.
You are authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the
Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, November 4, 1997.
[[Page 318]]
Notice of November 12, 1997
Continuation of Emergency Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction
On November 14, 1994, by Executive Order 12938, I declared a national
emergency with respect to the unusual and extraordinary threat to the
national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States
posed by the proliferation of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons
(``weapons of mass destruction'') and the means of delivering such
weapons. Because the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and
the means of delivering them continue to pose an unusual and
extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy, and
economy of the United States, the national emergency declared on
November 14, 1994, and extended on November 14, 1995 and November 14,
1996, must continue in effect beyond November 14, 1997. Therefore, in
accordance with section 202(d) of the National Emergencies Act (50
U.S.C. 1622(d)), I am continuing the national emergency declared in
Executive Order 12938.
This notice shall be published in the Federal Register and transmitted
to the Congress.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
November 12, 1997.
Presidential Determination No. 98-4 of November 14, 1997
Assistance Program for the New Independent States of the Former Soviet
Union
Memorandum for the Secretary of State
Pursuant to subsection (o) under the heading ``Assistance for the New
Independent States of the Former Soviet Union'' in Title II of the
Foreign Operations, Export Financing and Related Programs Appropriations
Act, for fiscal year 1996 (Public Law 104-107) and fiscal year 1997
(Public Law 104-208), I hereby determine that it is important to the
national security interest of the United States to make available funds
appropriated under that heading without regard to the restriction in
that subsection.
You are authorized and directed to notify the Congress of this
determination and to arrange for its publication in the Federal
Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, November 14, 1997.
[[Page 319]]
Presidential Determination No. 98-5 of November 17, 1997
Presidential Determination on the Proposed Agreement for Cooperation
Between the Government of the United States of America and the Republic
of Kazakhstan Concerning Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy
Memorandum for the Secretary of State [and] the
Secretary of Energy
I have considered the proposed Agreement for Cooperation Between the
Government of the United States of America and the Republic of
Kazakhstan Concerning Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy, along with the
views, recommendations, and statements of the interested agencies.
I have determined that the performance of the agreement will promote,
and will not constitute an unreasonable risk to, the common defense and
security. Pursuant to section 123 b. of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954,
as amended (42 U.S.C. 2153(b)), I hereby approve the proposed agreement
and authorize you to arrange for its execution.
The Secretary of State is authorized and directed to publish this
determination in the Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, November 17, 1997.
Presidential Determination No. 98-6 of December 2, 1997
Report to Congress Regarding Conditions in Burma and U.S. Policy Toward
Burma
Memorandum for the Secretary of State
Pursuant to the requirements set forth under the heading ``Policy Toward
Burma'' in section 570(d) of the FY 1997 Foreign Operations
Appropriations Act, as contained in the Omnibus Consolidated
Appropriations Act (Public Law 104-208), a report is required every 6
months following enactment concerning:
1) progress toward democratization in Burma;
2) progress on improving the quality of life of the Burmese people,
including progress on market reforms, living standards, labor
standards, use of forced labor in the tourism industry, and
environmental quality; and
3) progress made in developing a comprehensive, multilateral
strategy to bring democracy to and improve human rights
practices and the quality of life in Burma, including the
development of a dialogue between the State Law and Order
Restoration Council (SLORC) and democratic opposition groups in
Burma.
[[Page 320]]
You are hereby authorized and directed to transmit the attached report
fulfilling this requirement to the appropriate committees of the
Congress and to arrange for publication of this memorandum in the
Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, December 2, 1997.
Presidential Determination No. 98-7 of December 5, 1997
Presidential Determination Under Subsections 402(a) and 409(a) of the
Trade Act of 1974, as Amended--Emigration Policies of Albania,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan
Memorandum for the Secretary of State
Pursuant to the authority vested in me by subsections 402(a) and 409(a)
of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2432(a) and 2439(a) (the ``Act'')),
I determine that Albania, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan are not in violation of paragraph (1), (2),
or (3) of subsection 402(a) of the Act, or paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of
subsection 409(a) of the Act.
You are authorized and directed to publish this determination in the
Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, December 5, 1997.
Presidential Determination No. 98-8 of December 5, 1997
Presidential Determination on Waiver and Certification of Statutory
Provisions Regarding the Palestine Liberation Organization
Memorandum for the Secretary of State
Pursuant to the authority vested in me under section 539(d) of the
Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs
Appropriations Act, 1998, Public Law 105-118, I hereby determine and
certify that it is important to the national security interests of the
United States to waive the provisions of section 1003 of the Anti-
Terrorism Act of 1987, Public Law 100-204, through June 4, 1998.
[[Page 321]]
You are authorized and directed to transmit this determination to the
Congress and to publish it in the Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, December 5, 1997.
Memorandum of December 19, 1997
Delegation of Authority Under Section 1212 of the National Defense
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1998 (Public Law 105-85)
Memorandum for the Secretary of Commerce
By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and laws of
the United States of America, including section 301 of title 3 of the
United States Code, I hereby delegate the functions and authorities
conferred upon the President by section 1212 of the National Defense
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1998 (Public Law 105-85) to the
Secretary of Commerce, who is authorized to redelegate these functions
and authorities consistent with applicable law.
Any reference in this memorandum to the provision of any Act shall be
deemed to include references to any hereafter-enacted provision of law
that is the same or substantially the same as such provision.
You are authorized and directed to published this memorandum in the
Federal Register.
WILLIAM J. CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, December 19, 1997.
[[Page 322]]
[[Page 323]]
Appendices--Other Presidential Documents
________________________________________________________________________
Editorial note: The following tables include documents issued by the
Executive Office of the President and published in the Federal Register
but not included in title 3 of the Code of Federal Regulations.
________________________________________________________________________
Appendix A--List of Messages to Congress Transmitting Budget Rescissions
and Deferrals
________________________________________________________________________
62 FR
Date of Message Page
February 10, 1997...................................................8045
March 19, 1997.....................................................14478
________________________________________________________________________
Appendix B--List of Messages to Congress Transmitting Cancellations
Under the Line Item Veto Act
________________________________________________________________________
62 FR
Date of Message Page
August 11, 1997....................................................43262
43265
October 6, 1997....................................................52452
October 14, 1997...................................................53704
October 16, 1997...................................................54338
October 17, 1997...................................................54564
November 1, 1997...................................................59766
November 20, 1997..................................................62682
December 2, 1997...................................................64130
________________________________________________________________________
[[Page 324]]
[[Page 325]]
CHAPTER I--EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Part Page
100 Standards of conduct........................ 326
101 Public information provisions of the
Administrative Procedures Act........... 337
102 Enforcement of nondiscrimination on the
basis of handicap in programs or
activities conducted by the Executive
Office of the President................. 338
[[Page 326]]
PART 100--STANDARDS OF CONDUCT--Table of Contents
Subpart A--General Standards
Sec.
100.735-1 Purpose and scope.
100.735-2 Definitions.
100.735-3 Special Government employees.
100.735-4 General standards of conduct.
100.735-5 Responsibilities of employees.
100.735-6 Interpretation and advisory service; counseling.
100.735-7 Disciplinary action.
100.735-8 Conflicts of interest.
100.735-9 Disqualification because of private financial interests.
100.735-10 Additional prohibitions--regular employees.
100.735-11 Additional prohibitions--special Government employees.
100.735-12 Exemptions and exceptions from prohibitions of conflict of
interest statutes.
100.735-13 Salary of employee payable only by United States.
100.735-14 Gifts, entertainment, and favors.
100.735-15 Outside employment and other activity.
100.735-16 Financial interests.
100.735-17 Use of Government property.
100.735-18 Misuse of information.
100.735-19 Indebtedness.
100.735-20 Gambling, betting, and lotteries.
100.735-21 General conduct prejudicial to the Government.
100.735-22 Miscellaneous statutory provisions.
100.735-23 Conduct and responsibilities of special Government
employees.
100.735-24 Reporting of employment and financial interests--regular
employees.
100.735-25 Reporting of employment and financial interests--special
Government employees.
100.735-26 Reviewing statements of financial interests.
100.735-27 Supplemental regulations or instructions.
Subpart B--Special Procedures; Counsel to the President
100.735-31 Members of part-time committees, boards, and commissions.
100.735-32 Special delegation of authority to the Counsel to the
President.
Authority: EO 12731 of Oct. 17, 1990, 55 FR 42547, 3 CFR, 1991 Comp.
Source: 33 FR 3608, Feb. 29, 1968, unless otherwise noted.
Subpart A--General Standards
Sec. 100.735-1 Purpose and scope.
(a) The maintenance of the highest standards of honesty, integrity,
impartiality, and conduct by regular employees and special Government
employees is essential to assure the proper performance of Government
business and the maintenance of confidence by citizens in their
Government. The avoidance of misconduct and conflicts of interest on the
part of regular employees and special Government employees through
informed judgment is indispensable to the maintenance of these
standards.
(b) This part is intended to foster the foregoing concepts. It is
issued in compliance with the requirements of Executive Order No. 11222
of May 8, 1965, and is based upon the provisions of that order, the
regulations of the Civil Service Commission issued thereunder (part 735
of 5 CFR Ch. I), and the statutes cited elsewhere in this part.
(c) This part, among other things reflects prohibitions and
requirements imposed by the criminal and civil laws of the United
States. However, the paraphrased restatements of criminal and civil
statutes contained in this part are designed for informational purposes
only and in no way constitute an interpretation or construction thereof
that is binding upon the Federal Government. Moreover, this part does
not purport to paraphrase or enumerate all restrictions or requirements
imposed by statutes, Executive Orders, regulations or otherwise upon
Federal employees and former Federal employees. The omission of a
reference to any such restriction or requirement in no way alters the
legal effect of that restriction or requirement and any such restriction
or requirement, as the case may be, continues to be applicable to
employees and former employees in accordance with its own terms.
Furthermore, attorneys employed by an agency are subject to the canons
of professional ethics of the American Bar Association.
Sec. 100.735-2 Definitions.
In this subpart:
(a) Agency means the following agencies in the Executive Office of
the
[[Page 327]]
President: The White House Office, the Council of Economic Advisers,
the National Security Council, the National Aeronautics and Space
Council, the Office of Science and Technology, and the Office of the
Special Representative for Trade Negotiations, and any committee, board,
commission, or similar group established in the Executive Office of the
President.
(b) Agency head means the President for the White House Office, the
Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers for the Council of Economic
Advisers, the Executive Secretary of the National Security Council for
the National Security Council, the Executive Secretary of the National
Aeronautics and Space Council for the National Aeronautics and Space
Council, the Director of the Office of Science and Technology for the
Office of Science and Technology, and the Special Representative for
Trade Negotiations for the Office of the Special Representative for
Trade Negotiations, and the Chairman or comparable member of any
committee, board, commission, or similar group established by the
President.
(c) Employee or regular employee means an officer or employee of an
agency but does not include a special Government employee.
(d) Special Government employee means an officer or employee of an
agency who is retained, designated, appointed, or employed to perform,
with or without compensation, for not to exceed 130 days during any
period of 365 consecutive days, temporary duties, either on a full-time
or intermittent basis.
(e) The term person means an individual, a corporation, a company,
an association, a firm, a partnership, a society, a joint stock company,
or any other organization or institution.
Sec. 100.735-3 Special Government employees.
Except where specifically provided otherwise, or where limited in
terms or by the context to regular employees, all provisions of this
subpart relating to employees are applicable also to special Government
employees.
Sec. 100.735-4 General standards of conduct.
(a) All employees shall conduct themselves on the job in such a
manner that the work of their agency is efficiently accomplished and
courtesy, consideration, and promptness are observed in dealings with
the Congress, the public, and other governmental agencies.
(b) All employees shall conduct themselves off the job in such a
manner as not to reflect adversely upon their agency or the Federal
service.
(c) In all circumstances employees shall conduct themselves so as to
exemplify the highest standards of integrity. An employee shall avoid
any action, whether or not specifically prohibited by this subpart,
which might result in, or create the appearance of:
(1) Using public office for private gain;
(2) Giving preferential treatment to any person;
(3) Impeding Government efficiency or economy;
(4) Losing complete independence or impartiality;
(5) Making a Government decision outside official channels; or
(6) Affecting adversely the confidence of the public in the
integrity of the Government.
Sec. 100.735-5 Responsibilities of employees.
(a) The Executive Clerk for the White House Office and the Counselor
for each other agency shall distribute copies of this subpart to each
employee and special Government employee within 30 days after the
effective date thereof. In the case of a new employee or special
Government employee entering on duty after the date of such
distribution, a copy shall be furnished at the time of his entrance on
duty. All employees and special Government employees shall familiarize
themselves with the contents of this subpart.
(b) Copies of Executive Order 11222, regulations, and statutes
referred to in Sec. 100.735-1, together with various explanatory
materials are available for inspection in the Office of the Executive
Clerk for the White House Office and the Counselor for each other agency
at any time during regular business
[[Page 328]]
hours. Employees are encouraged to
consult these basic materials in any case of doubt as to the proper
application or interpretation of the provisions of this subpart.
(c) Attention of all employees is directed to House Concurrent
Resolution 175, 85th Congress, 2d session, 72 Stat. B12, the ``Code of
Ethics for Government Service'', which is attached to this subpart as
Appendix A.
Sec. 100.735-6 Interpretation and advisory service; counseling.
(a) The agency head shall appoint a Counselor for the agency who
shall serve also as the agency's designee to the Civil Service
Commission on matters covered by this part. Communications between the
Counselor and employee shall be confidential, except as otherwise
determined by the agency head.
(b) The Counselor for the agency shall notify all employees and
special Government employees of the availability of counseling services,
and of how and where such services are available. Such notification
shall be made within 90 days after the effective date of this subpart
and periodically thereafter. In the case of a new employee or special
Government employee appointed after the date of such notification,
notification shall be given at the time of his entrance on duty.
Sec. 100.735-7 Disciplinary action.
(a) A violation of any provision of this subpart by an employee may
be cause for appropriate disciplinary action which may be in addition to
any penalties prescribed by law. (As to remedial action in cases where
an employee's financial interests result in a conflict or apparent
conflict of interest, see Sec. 100.735-26.)
(b) Any disciplinary or remedial action taken pursuant to this
subpart shall be effected in accordance with any applicable laws,
Executive orders, and regulations.
Sec. 100.735-8 Conflicts of interest.
(a) A conflict of interest may exist whenever an employee has a
substantial personal or private interest in a matter which involves his
duties and responsibilities as an employee. The maintenance of public
confidence in Government clearly demands that an employee take no action
which would constitute the use of his official position to advance his
personal or private interest. It is equally important that each employee
avoid becoming involved in situations which present the possibility, or
even the appearance, that his official position might be used to his
private advantage.
(b) Neither the pertinent statutes nor the standards of conduct
prescribed in this subpart are to be regarded as entirely comprehensive.
Each employee must, in each instance involving a personal or private
interest in a matter which also involves his duties and responsibilities
as an employee, make certain that his actions do not have the effect or
the appearance of the use of his official position for the furtherance
of his own interests or those of his family or his business associates.
(c) The principal statutory provisions relating to bribery, graft,
and conflicts of interest are contained in Chapter 11 of the Criminal
Code, 18 U.S.C. 201-224. Severe penalties are provided for violations,
including variously fine, imprisonment, dismissal from office, and
disqualification from holding any office of honor, trust, or profit
under the United States.
Sec. 100.735-9 Disqualification because of private financial interests.
(a) Unless authorized to do so as provided hereafter in this
section, no employee shall participate personally and substantially as a
Government employee in a particular matter in which to his knowledge he
has a financial interest (18 U.S.C. 208).
(1) For the purposes of this section--
(i) An employee participates personally and substantially in a
particular matter through decision, approval, disapproval,
recommendation, the rendering of advice, investigation, or otherwise;
(ii) A particular matter is a judicial or other proceeding,
application, request for ruling or other determination, contract, claim,
controversy, charge, accusation, arrest, or other particular matter; and
(iii) A financial interest is the interest of the employee himself
or his
[[Page 329]]
spouse, minor child, partner, organization in which he is serving
as officer, director, trustee, partner, or employee, or any person or
organization with whom he is negotiating or has any arrangement
concerning prospective employment.
(b) An employee who has a financial interest (other than a financial
interest exempted under paragraph (c) of this section) in a particular
matter which is within the scope of his official duties shall make a
full disclosure of that interest to the Counselor for the agency in
writing. He shall not participate in such matter unless and until he
receives a written determination by the agency head pursuant to section
208 of Title 18, United States Code, that the interest is not so
substantial as to be deemed likely to affect the integrity of the
services which the Government may expect of him. If the agency head does
not make such a determination he shall direct such remedial action as
may be appropriate under the provisions of Sec. 100.735-26.
(c) The financial interests described in this paragraph are hereby
exempted pursuant to the provisions of section 208 of Title 18, United
States Code, from the restrictions of paragraph (a) of this section and
of section 208 of Title 18 as being too remote or inconsequential to
affect the integrity of an employee's services in a matter.
(1) Stocks, bonds, policies, properties, or interests in a mutual
fund, investment company, trust, bank, or insurance company, as to which
the employee has no managerial control or directorship. In the case of a
mutual fund or investment company, this exemption applies only where the
assets of the fund or company are diversified; it does not apply where
the fund or company advertises that it specializes in a particular
industry or commodity.
(2) Interest in an investment club: Provided, That the fair value of
the interest involved does not exceed $5,000, and that the interest does
not exceed one-fourth of the total assets of the investment club.
Sec. 100.735-10 Additional prohibitions--regular employees.
(a) In addition to the disqualification described in Sec. 100.735-9,
a regular employee is subject to the following major prohibitions.
(1) He may not, except in the discharge of his official duties,
represent anyone else before a court or Government agency in a matter in
which the United States is a party or has an interest. This prohibition
applies both to paid and unpaid representation of another (18 U.S.C. 203
and 205).
(2) He may not, after his Government employment has ended, represent
anyone other than the United States in connection with a matter in which
the United States is a party or has an interest and in which he
participated personally and substantially for the Government (18 U.S.C.
207(a)).
(3) He may not, for 1 year after his Government employment has
ended, represent anyone other than the United States in connection with
a matter in which the United States is a party or has an interest and
which was within the boundaries of his official responsibility during
the last year of his Government service (18 U.S.C. 207(b)). (This
temporary restraint is permanent if the matter is one in which he
participated personally and substantially. See subparagraph (2) of this
paragraph.)
(4) He may not receive any salary, or supplementation of his
Government salary, from a private source as compensation for his
services to the Government (18 U.S.C. 209). (See Sec. 100.735-13.)
(b) Exemptions or exceptions from the prohibitions described in
paragraph (a) of this section are permitted under certain circumstances.
For the method of obtaining such exemptions or exceptions, see paragraph
(d) of Sec. 100.735-12.
Sec. 100.735-11 Additional prohibitions--special Government employees.
(a) In addition to the disqualification described in Sec. 100.735-9,
a special Government employee is subject to the following major
prohibitions.
(1) He may not, except in the discharge of his official duties--
(i) Represent anyone else before a court or Government agency in a
matter in which the United States is a party or has an interest and in
which he has at any time participated personally and substantially for
the Government (18 U.S.C. 203 and 205), or
[[Page 330]]
(ii) Represent anyone else in a matter pending before his agency
unless he served there no more than 60 days during the previous 365 (18
U.S.C. 203 and 205). He is bound by this restraint despite the fact that
the matter is not one in which he has ever participated personally and
substantially.
(2) He may not, after his Government employment has ended, represent
anyone other than the United States in connection with a matter in which
the United States is a party or has an interest and in which he
participated personally and substantially for the Government (18 U.S.C.
207(a)).
(3) He may not, for 1 year after his Government employment has
ended, represent anyone other than the United States in connection with
a matter in which the United States is a party or has an interest and
which was within the boundaries of his official responsibility during
the last year of his Government service (18 U.S.C. 207(b)). (This
temporary restraint is permanent if the matter is one in which he
participated personally and substantially. See subparagraph (2) of this
paragraph.)
(b) Exemptions or exceptions from the prohibitions described in
paragraph (a) of this section are permitted under certain circumstances;
for the method of obtaining such exemptions or exceptions, see paragraph
(d) of Sec. 100.735-12.
Sec. 100.735-12 Exemptions and exceptions from prohibitions of conflict of interest statutes.
(a) Nothing in this subpart shall be deemed to prohibit an employee,
if it is not otherwise inconsistent with the faithful performance of his
duties, from acting without compensation as agent or attorney for any
person in a disciplinary, loyalty, or other Federal personnel
administration proceeding involving such person.
(b) Nothing in this subpart shall be deemed to prohibit an employee
from acting, with or without compensation, as agent or attorney for his
parents, spouse, child, or any person for whom, or for any estate for
which, he is serving as guardian, executor, administrator, trustee or
other personal fiduciary, except in those matters in which he has
participated personally and substantially as a Government employee,
through decision, approval, disapproval, recommendation, the rendering
of advice, investigation, or otherwise, or which are the subject of his
official responsibility, as defined in section 202(b) of Title 18 of the
United States Code, provided that the agency head approves.
(c) Nothing in this subpart shall be deemed to prohibit an employee
from giving testimony under oath or from making statements required to
be made under penalty for perjury or contempt.
(d) In addition to the exemptions and exceptions described in this
section and in Sec. 100.735-9, the conflict of interest statutes permit
certain exemptions and exceptions in specific circumstances. The
procedure for effecting such exemptions or exceptions is as follows:
(1) Any regular employee or special Government employee who desires
approval or certification of his activities as provided for by section
205 of Title 18, United States Code, shall make application therefor in
writing to the Counselor for the agency.
(2) A former employee, including a former special Government
employee, who desires certification with regard to his activities under
section 207 of Title 18, United States Code, shall make application
therefor in writing to the Counselor for the agency.
(3) The Counselor for the agency shall report promptly to the agency
head all matters reported to him under this subpart which require
consideration of approvals, certifications, or determinations provided
for in sections 205, 207, or 208 of Title 18, United States Code.
Sec. 100.735-13 Salary of employee payable only by United States.
(a) No employee, other than a special Government employee or an
employee serving without compensation, shall receive any salary, or any
contribution to or supplementation of salary, as compensation for his
services as an employee, from any source other than the Government of
the United States, except as may be contributed out of the treasury of
any State, county, or municipality (18 U.S.C. 209).
(b) Nothing in this subpart shall be deemed to prohibit an employee
from
[[Page 331]]
continuing to participate in a bona fide pension, retirement, group
life, health, or accident insurance, profit-sharing, stock bonus, or
other employee welfare or benefit plan maintained by a former employer
nor from accepting contributions, awards, or other expenses under
Chapter 41 of Title 5, United States Code (the former Government
Employees Training Act).
Sec. 100.735-14 Gifts, entertainment, and favors.
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, an employee
shall not solicit or accept, directly or indirectly, any gift, gratuity,
favor, entertainment, loan, or any other thing of monetary value from a
person who:
(1) Has, or is seeking to obtain, contractual or other business or
financial relations with his agency;
(2) Conducts operations or activities which are regulated by his
agency; or
(3) Has interests which may be substantially affected by the
performance or nonperformance of his official duty.
(b) Notwithstanding paragraph (a) of this section, an employee may:
(1) Accept a gift, gratuity, favor, entertainment, loan or other
thing of monetary value from a friend, parent, spouse, child, or other
close relative when the circumstances make it clear that the family or
personal relationships involved are the motivating factors;
(2) Accept food or refreshments of nominal value on infrequent
occasions in the ordinary course of a luncheon or dinner meeting or
other meeting or on an inspection tour whom an employee may properly be
in attendance;
(3) Accept loans from banks or other financial institutions on
customary terms to finance proper or usual activities of employees, such
as home mortgage loans; and
(4) Accept unsolicited advertising or promotional materials such as
pens, pencils, note pads, calendars, or other items of nominal intrinsic
value.
(c) An employee shall not solicit contributions from another
employee for a gift to an employee in a superior official position. An
employee in a superior official position shall not accept a gift
presented as a contribution from employees receiving less salary than
himself. An employee shall not make a donation as a gift to an employee
in a superior official position (5 U.S.C. 7351). However, this paragraph
does not prohibit a voluntary gift of nominal value or donation in a
nominal amount made on a special occasion such as marriage, illness or
retirement.
(d) The Constitution (Art. 1, sec. 9, par. 8) prohibits acceptance
from foreign governments, except with the consent of Congress, of any
emolument, office, or title. The Congress has provided for the receipt
and disposition of foreign gifts and decorations in 5 U.S.C. 7342. See
also Executive Order 11320, 31 FR 15789, and the regulations pursuant
thereto in 22 CFR part 3 (as added, 32 FR 6569). Any such gift or thing
which cannot appropriately be refused shall be submitted to the
Counselor for transmittal to the State Department.
Sec. 100.735-15 Outside employment and other activity.
(a) An employee shall not engage in outside employment or other
outside activity not compatible with the full and proper discharge of
the duties and responsibilities of his Government employment.
Incompatible activities include, but are not limited to:
(1) Acceptance of a fee, compensation, gift, payment of expense, or
any other thing of monetary value in circumstances in which acceptance
may result in, or create the appearance of, a conflict of interest; or
(2) Outside employment which tends to impair the employee's mental
or physical capacity to perform his Government duties and
responsibilities in an acceptable manner.
(b) Within the limitations imposed by this section, employees are
encouraged to engage in teaching, lecturing, and writing. However, an
employee shall not, either for or without compensation, engage in
teaching, lecturing, or writing that is dependent on information
obtained as a result of his Government employment, except when that
information has been made available to the general public or will be
made available on request, or when the agency head gives written
authorization for the use of non-public information on the basis that
the use is in the
[[Page 332]]
public interest. In addition, an employee who is a
Presidential appointee covered by section 401(a) of Executive Order No.
11222 of May 8, 1965, shall not receive compensation or anything of
monetary value for any consultation, lecture, discussion, writing, or
appearance the subject matter of which is devoted substantially to the
responsibilities, programs, or operations of his agency, or which draws
substantially on official data or ideas which have not become part of
the body of public information.
(c) An employee shall not engage in outside employment under a State
or local government, except in accordance with applicable regulations of
the Civil Service Commission (part 734 of 5 CFR Ch. I).
(d) Neither this section nor Sec. 100.735-14 precludes an employee
from:
(1) Receipt of bona fide reimbursement, unless prohibited by law,
for actual expenses for travel and such other necessary subsistence as
is compatible with this subpart and for which no Government payment or
reimbursement is made. However, an employee may not be reimbursed, and
payment may not be made on his behalf, for excessive personal living
expenses, gifts, entertainment, or other personal benefits, nor does it
allow an employee to be reimbursed by a person for travel on official
business under agency orders when reimbursement is proscribed by
Decision B-128527 of the Comptroller General dated March 7, 1967.
(2) Participation in the activities of national or State political
parties not proscribed by law. (See paragraph (o) of Sec. 100.735-22
regarding proscribed political activities.)
(3) Participation in the affairs of, or acceptance of an award for a
meritorious public contribution or achievement given by, a charitable,
religious, professional, social, fraternal, nonprofit educational or
recreational, public service, or civic organization.
(e) An employee who intends to engage in outside employment shall
obtain the approval, through his official superior, of his agency head.
A record of each approval under this paragraph shall be filed in the
employee's official personnel folder.
(f) This section does not apply to special Government employees, who
are subject to the provisions of Sec. 100.735-23.
Sec. 100.735-16 Financial interests.
(a) An employee may not have financial interests which--
(1) Establish a substantial personal or private interest in a matter
which involves his duties and responsibilities as an employee (an
employee may not have financial interests, except as permitted by
Sec. 100.735-9(c) or authorized pursuant to Sec. 100.735-12(d); or
(2) Are entered into in reliance upon, or as a result of,
information obtained through his employment; or
(3) Result from active and continuous trading (as distinguished from
the making of bona fide investments) which is conducted on such a scale
as to interfere with the proper performance of his duties.
(b) Aside from the restrictions prescribed or cited in this subpart,
employees are free to engage in lawful financial transactions to the
same extent as private citizens. Employees should be aware that the
financial interests of their wives of minor children and blood relatives
who are full-time residents of their households may be regarded, for the
purposes of this section, as financial interests of the employees
themselves.
(c) This section does not apply to special Government employees, who
are subject to the provisions of Sec. 100.735-23.
Sec. 100.735-17 Use of Government property.
An employee shall not directly or indirectly use, or allow the use
of, Government property of any kind, including property leased to the
Government, for other than officially approved activities. An employee
has a positive duty to protect and conserve Government property
including equipment, supplies, and other property entrusted or issued to
him.
Sec. 100.735-18 Misuse of information.
For the purpose of furthering a private interest, an employee shall
not, except as provided in paragraph (b) of Sec. 100.735-15, directly or
indirectly use, or allow the use of, official information obtained
through or in connection with
[[Page 333]]
his Government employment which has not
been made available to the general public.
Sec. 100.735-19 Indebtedness.
An employee shall pay each just financial obligation in a proper and
timely manner, especially one imposed by law such as Federal, State, or
local taxes. For the purpose of this section, a just financial
obligation means one acknowledged by the employee, or reduced to
judgment by a court, and in a proper and timely manner means in a manner
which his agency determines does not, under the circumstances, reflect
adversely on the Government as his employer. In the event of dispute
between an employee and an alleged creditor, this section does not
require an agency to determine the validity or amount of the disputed
debt.
Sec. 100.735-20 Gambling, betting, and lotteries.
An employee shall not participate, while on Government-owned or
leased property or while on duty for the Government, in any gambling
activity, including the operation of a gambling device, in conducting a
lottery or pool, in a game for money or property, or in selling or
purchasing a numbers slip or ticket.
Sec. 100.735-21 General conduct prejudicial to the Government.
An employee shall not engage in criminal, infamous, dishonest,
immoral, or notoriously disgraceful conduct, or other conduct
prejudicial to the Government.
Sec. 100.735-22 Miscellaneous statutory provisions.
Each employee shall acquaint himself with each statute that relates
to his ethical and other conduct as an employee of his agency and of the
Government. In particular, attention of employees is directed to the
following statutory provisions:
(a) Chapter 11 of Title 18, United States Code, relating to bribery,
graft, and conflicts of interest, as appropriate to the employees
concerned (see Secs. 100.735-9, 100.735-10, and 100.735-11).
(b) The prohibition against lobbying with appropriated funds (18
U.S.C. 1913).
(c) The prohibitions against disloyalty and striking (5 U.S.C. 7311,
18 U.S.C. 1918).
(d) The prohibition against the employment of a member of a
Communist organization (50 U.S.C. 784).
(e) The prohibitions against (1) the disclosure of classified
information (18 U.S.C. 798, 50 U.S.C. 783) and (2) the disclosure of
confidential information (18 U.S.C. 1905).
(f) The provision relating to the habitual use of intoxicants to
excess (5 U.S.C. 7352).
(g) The prohibition against the misuse of a Government vehicle (31
U.S.C. 638a(c)).
(h) The prohibition against the misuse of the franking privilege (18
U.S.C. 1719).
(i) The prohibition against the use of deceit in an examination or
personnel action in connection with Government employment (5 U.S.C.
1917).
(j) The prohibition against fraud or false statements in a
Government matter (18 U.S.C. 1001).
(k) The prohibition against mutilating or destroying a public record
(18 U.S.C. 2071).
(l) The prohibition against counterfeiting and forging
transportation requests (18 U.S.C. 508).
(m) The prohibitions against (1) embezzlement of Government money or
property (18 U.S.C. 641); (2) failing to account for public money (18
U.S.C. 643); and (3) embezzlement of the money or property of another
person in the possession of an employee by reason of his employment (18
U.S.C. 654).
(n) The prohibition against unauthorized use of documents relating
to claims from or by the Government (18 U.S.C. 285).
(o) The prohibition against political activities in subchapter III
of chapter 73 of title 5, United States Code and 18 U.S.C. 602, 603,
607, and 608.
(p) The prohibition against an employee acting as the agent of a
foreign principal registered under the Foreign Agents Registration Act
(18 U.S.C. 219).
[[Page 334]]
Sec. 100.735-23 Conduct and responsibilities of special Government employees.
(a) A special Government employee shall not use his Government
employment for a purpose that is, or gives the appearance of being,
motivated by the desire for private gain for himself or another person,
particularly one with whom he has family, business, or financial ties.
(b) A special Government employee shall not use inside information
obtained as a result of his Government employment for private gain for
himself or another person whether by direct action on his part or by
counsel, recommendation, or suggestion to another person, particularly
one with whom he has family, business, or financial ties. For the
purposes of this section, inside information means information obtained
under Government authority which has not become part of the body of
public information.
(c) A special Government employee who engages in teaching,
lecturing, or writing, whether for or without compensation, shall not
for such purposes make use of information obtained as a result of his
Government employment, except when that information has been made
available to the general public or will be made available on request, or
when the agency head gives written authorization for the use of
nonpublic information on the basis that such use is in the public
interest.
(d) A special Government employee shall not use his Government
employment to coerce, or give the appearance of coercing, a person to
provide financial benefit to himself or another person, particularly one
with whom he has family, business, or financial ties.
(e) Except as provided in paragraph (f) of this section, a special
Government employee, while so employed or in connection with his
employment, shall not receive or solicit from a person having business
with his agency anything of value as a gift, gratuity, loan,
entertainment, or favor for himself or another person, particularly one
with whom he has family, business, or financial ties.
(f) Notwithstanding paragraph (e) of this section a special
Government employee shall be allowed the same latitude as is authorized
for regular Government employees by paragraph (b) of Sec. 100.735-14.
(g) Attention of special Government employees is directed to the
provisions of Sec. 100.735-3, making the provisions of this subpart
generally applicable to their activities.
Sec. 100.735-24 Reporting of employment and financial interests--regular employees.
(a) Not later than 90 days after the effective date of this subpart,
an employee designated in paragraph (d) of this section shall submit to
his agency head a statement, on a form made available in the office of
the Executive Clerk for the White House Office and the Counselor for
each other agency, setting forth the following information:
(1) A list of the names of all corporations, companies, firms, or
other business enterprises, partnerships, nonprofit organizations, and
educational or other institutions with or in which he, his spouse, minor
child or other member of his immediate household has--
(i) Any connection as an employee, officer, owner, director, member,
trustee, partner, adviser or consultant; or
(ii) Any continuing financial interest, through a pension or
retirement plan, shared income, or other arrangement as a result of any
current or prior employment or business or professional association; or
(iii) Any financial interest through the ownership of stock, stock
options, bonds, securities, or other arrangements including trusts.
However, an employee need not report any financial interest exempted
under Sec. 100.735-9(c) as too remote or inconsequential to affect the
integrity of an employee's services in a matter.
(2) A list of the names of his creditors and the creditors of his
spouse, minor child or other member of his immediate household, other
than those creditors to whom they may be indebted by reason of a
mortgage on property which he occupies as a personal residence or to
whom they may be indebted for current and ordinary household and living
expenses such as
[[Page 335]]
those incurred for household furnishings, an
automobile, education, vacations, or the like.
(3) A list of his interests and those of his spouse, minor child or
other member of his immediate household in real property or rights in
lands, other than property which he occupies as a personal residence.
(b) For the purpose of this section member of his immediate
household means a full-time resident of the employee's household who is
related to him by blood.
(c) Each employee designated in paragraph (d) of this section who
enters on duty after the effective date of this subpart shall submit
such statement not later than 30 days after the date of his entrance on
duty, but not earlier than 90 days after the effective date of this
subpart.
(d) Statements of employment and financial interests are required of
the following:
(1) Employees paid at a level of the Executive Schedule in
subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 5, United States Code, except a
Presidential appointee required to file a statement of financial
interests under section 401 of Executive Order No. 11222 of May 8, 1965.
(2) Employees in classified positions of grade GS-13 or above, or
the equivalent thereof.
(e) Changes in, or additions to, the information contained in an
employee's statement of employment and financial interests shall be
reported in a supplementary statement as of June 30 each year. If no
changes or additions occur, a negative report is required.
Notwithstanding the filing of the annual report required by this
paragraph, each employee shall at all times avoid acquiring a financial
interest that could result, or taking an action that would result, in a
violation of the conflicts-of-interest provisions of 18 U.S.C. 208 or
this subpart.
(f) If any information required to be included on a statement of
employment and financial interests or supplementary statement, including
holdings placed in trust, is not known to the employee but is known to
another person, the employee shall request that other person to submit
the information in his behalf.
(g) Paragraph (a) of this section does not require an employee to
submit any information relating to his connection with, or interest in,
a professional society or a charitable, religious, social, fraternal,
recreational, public service, civic, or political organization or a
similar organization not conducted as a business enterprise. For the
purpose of this section, educational and other institutions doing
research and development or related work involving grants of money from
or contracts with the Government are deemed ``business enterprises'' and
are required to be included in an employee's statement of employment and
financial interests.
(h) Each agency shall hold each statement of employment and
financial interests in confidence. Each person designated to review a
statement of employment and financial interests under section 100.735-26
is responsible for maintaining the statement in confidence and shall not
allow access to, or allow information to be disclosed from, a statement
except to carry out the purpose of this subpart. An agency may not
disclose information from a statement except as the Civil Service
Commission or the agency head may determine for good cause shown.
(i) The statements of employment and financial interests and
supplementary statements required of employees are in addition to, and
not in substitution for, or in derogation of, any similar requirement
imposed by law, order, or regulation. The submission of a statement by
an employee does not permit him or any other person to participate in a
matter in which his or the other person's participation is prohibited by
law, order, or regulation.
(j) An employee who believes that his position has been improperly
included as one requiring the submission of a statement of employment
and financial interests is entitled to obtain a review of his complaint
under his agency's grievance procedure.
(k) This section does not apply to special Government employees, who
are subject to the provisions of Sec. 100.735-25.
[[Page 336]]
Sec. 100.735-25 Reporting of employment and financial interests--special Government employees.
(a) A special Government employee shall submit to the agency head a
statement of employment and financial interests which reports (1) all
current Federal Government employment, (2) the names of all
corporations, companies, firms, State of local governmental
organizations, research organizations, and educational or other
institutions in or for which he is an employee, officer, member, owner,
trustee, director, adviser, or consultant, with or without compensation,
(3) those financial interests which the agency determines are relevant
in the light of the duties he is to perform, and (4) the names of all
partnerships in which he is engaged.
(b) A statement required under this section shall be submitted at
the time of employment and shall be kept current throughout the term of
a special Government employee's service with an agency. A supplementary
statement shall be submitted at the time of any reappointment; a
negative report will suffice if no changes have occurred since the
submission of the last statement.
Sec. 100.735-26 Reviewing statements of financial interests.
(a) A designee of the agency head shall review the statements
required by Secs. 100.735-24 and Secs. 100.735-25 to determine whether
there exists a conflict, or appearance of conflict, between the
interests of the employee or special Government employee concerned and
the performance of his service for the Government. If the designee
determines that such a conflict or appearance of conflict exists, he
shall provide the employee with an opportunity to explain the conflict
or appearance of conflict. If he concludes that remedial action should
be taken, he shall refer the statement to the agency head through the
Counselor for the agency designated pursuant to Sec. 100.735-6, with his
recommendation for such action. The agency head, after consideration of
the employee's explanation and such investigation as he deems
appropriate shall direct appropriate remedial action if he deems it
necessary.
(b) Remedial action pursuant to paragraph (a) of this section may
include, but is not limited to:
(1) Changes in assigned duties.
(2) Divestment by the employee of his conflicting interest.
(3) Disqualification for a particular action.
(4) Exemption pursuant to paragraph (b) of Sec. 100.735-9 or
paragraph (d) of Sec. 100.735-12.
(5) Disciplinary action.
Sec. 100.735-27 Supplemental regulations or instructions.
An agency head may issue supplemental and implementing regulations
or instructions not inconsistent with this subpart as necessary to carry
out the full purpose and intent of Executive Order 11222 and this
subpart as may be required by the particular circumstances of his
agency. Such regulations or instructions may include but are not limited
to, delegations of any authority allowed by law pertaining to the
functions placed upon the agency head by this subpart. Such regulations
or instructions must be made available to employees and special
Government employees in the same manner as this subpart (see
Sec. 100.735-5).
Subpart B--Special Procedures; Counsel to the President
Sec. 100.735-31 Members of part-time committees, boards, and commissions.
(a) This section applies to each part-time member of a committee,
board, or commission appointed by the President (referred to in this
section as a Member).
(b) When the Counsel to the President determines that the functions
and responsibilities of a committee, board, or commission are such that
consistent with the policy and purpose of Executive Order 11222 the
Members thereof should submit statements of employment and financial
interests, he shall request each Member thereof to submit such a
statement to the Chairman of the Civil Service Commission.
(c) A statement of employment and financial interests required under
this section shall be submitted not later than 30 days after the
Member's receipt
[[Page 337]]
of the request therefor from the Counsel to the
President, and shall be kept up to date by submission of amended
statements of any changes in, or additions to, the information required
to be included in the original statement, on a quarterly basis. The
statement shall be submitted in the format prescribed by the Chairman of
the Civil Service Commission.
(d) The Chairman of the Civil Service Commission shall review each
statement of employment and financial interests and any amendment
thereto submitted under this section and shall report to the Counsel to
the President any information contained in a statement which may
indicate a conflict between the financial interests of the Member
concerned and the performance of his services for the Government.
Sec. 100.735-32 Special delegation of authority to the Counsel to the President.
The authority of the President under sections 205 and 208(b) of
Title 18, United States Code, to permit certain actions by an officer or
employee of the Government, including a special Government employee, for
appointment to whose position the President is responsible, reserved to
the President by section 505(c) of Executive Order 11222, is delegated
to the Counsel to the President.
PART 101--PUBLIC INFORMATION PROVISIONS OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES ACT--Table of Contents
Sec.
101.1 Executive Office of the President.
101.2 Office of Management and Budget.
101.3 Office of Administration.
101.4 National Security Council.
101.5 Council on Environmental Quality.
101.6 Office of National Drug Control Policy.
101.7 Office of Science and Technology Policy.
101.8 Office of the United States Trade Representative.
Authority: 5 U.S.C. 552.
Source: 40 FR 8061, Feb. 25, 1975 and 55 FR 46067, November 1, 1990,
unless otherwise noted.
Sec. 101.1 Executive Office of the President.
Until further regulations are promulgated, the remainder of the
entities within the Executive Office of the President, to the extent
that 5 U.S.C. 552 is applicable, shall follow the procedures set forth
in the regulations applicable to the Office of Management and Budget (5
CFR Ch. III). Requests for information from these other entities should
be submitted directly to such entity.
Sec. 101.2 Office of Management and Budget.
Freedom of Information regulations for the Office of Management and
Budget appear at 5 CFR Ch. III.
Sec. 101.3 Office of Administration.
Freedom of Information regulations for the Office of Administration
appear at 5 CFR part 2502.
[55 FR 46037, Nov. 1, 1990]
Sec. 101.4 National Security Council.
Freedom of Information regulations for the National Security Council
appear at 32 CFR Ch. XXI.
Sec. 101.5 Council on Environmental Quality.
Freedom of Information regulations for the Council on Environmental
Quality appear at 40 CFR Ch. V.
[42 FR 65131, Dec. 30, 1977]
Sec. 101.6 Office of National Drug Control Policy.
Freedom of Information regulations for the Office of National Drug
Control Policy appear at 21 CFR parts 1400-1499.
[55 FR 46037, Nov. 1, 1990]
Sec. 101.7 Office of Science and Technology Policy.
Freedom of Information regulations for the Office of Science and
Technology Policy appear at 32 CFR part 2402.
[55 FR 46037, Nov. 1, 1990]
Sec. 101.8 Office of the United States Trade Representative.
Freedom of Information regulations for the Office of the United States
[[Page 338]]
Trade Representative appear at 15 CFR part 2004.
[55 FR 46037, Nov. 1, 1990]
PART 102--ENFORCEMENT OF NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF HANDICAP IN PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED BY THE EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT--Table of Contents
Sec.
102.101 Purpose.
102.102 Application.
102.103 Definitions.
102.104-102.109 [Reserved]
102.110 Self-evaluation.
102.111 Notice.
102.112-102.129 [Reserved]
102.130 General prohibitions against discrimination.
102.131-102.139 [Reserved]
102.140 Employment.
102.141-102.148 [Reserved]
102.149 Program accessibility: Discrimination prohibited.
102.150 Program accessibility: Existing facilities.
102.151 Program accessibility: New construction and alterations.
102.152-102.159 [Reserved]
102.160 Communications.
102.161-102.169 [Reserved]
102.170 Compliance procedures.
102.171-102.999 [Reserved]
Authority: 29 U.S.C. 794.
Source: 53 FR 25879, July 8, 1988, unless otherwise noted.
Sec. 102.101 Purpose.
The purpose of this regulation is to effectuate section 119 of the
Rehabilitation, Comprehensive Services, and Developmental Disabilities
Amendments of 1978, which amended section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act
of 1973 to prohibit discrimination on the basis of handicap in programs
or activities conducted by Executive agencies or the United States
Postal Service.
Sec. 102.102 Application.
This regulation (Secs. 102.101-102.170) applies to all programs or
activities conducted by the agency, except for programs or activities
conducted outside the United States that do not involve individuals with
handicaps in the United States.
Sec. 102.103 Definitions.
For purposes of this regulation, the term--
Agency means, for purposes of this regulation only, the following
entities in the Executive Office of the President: the White House
Office, the Office of the Vice President, the Office of Management and
Budget, the Office of Policy Development, the National Security Council,
the Office of Science and Technology Policy, the Office of the United
States Trade Representative, the Council on Environmental Quality, the
Council of Economic Advisers, the Office of Administration, the Office
of Federal Procurement Policy, and any committee, board, commission, or
similar group established in the Executive Office of the President.
Agency head or head of the agency; as used in Secs. 102.150(a)(3),
102.160(d) and 102.170 (i) and (j), shall be a three-member board which
will include the Director, Office of Administration, the head of the
Executive Office of the President, agency in which the issue needing
resolution or decision arises and one other agency head selected by the
two other board members. In the event that an issue needing resolution
or decision arises within the Office of Administration, one of the board
members shall be the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
Assistant Attorney General means the Assistant Attorney General,
Civil Rights Division, United States Department of Justice.
Auxiliary aids means services or devices that enable persons with
impaired sensory, manual, or speaking skills to have an equal
opportunity to participate in, and enjoy the benefits of, programs or
activities conducted by the agency. For example, auxiliary aids useful
for persons with impaired vision include readers, Brailled materials,
audio recordings, and other similar services and devices. Auxiliary aids
useful for persons with impaired hearing include telephone handset
amplifiers, telephones compatible with hearing aids, telecommunication
devices for deaf persons (TDD's), interpreters, notetakers, written
materials, and other similar services and devices.
[[Page 339]]
Complete complaint means a written statement that contains the
complainant's name and address and describes the agency's alleged
discriminatory action in sufficient detail to inform the agency of the
nature and date of the alleged violation of section 504. It shall be
signed by the complainant or by someone authorized to do so on his or
her behalf. Complaints filed on behalf of classes or third parties shall
describe or identify (by name, if possible) the alleged victims of
discrimination.
Facility means all or any portion of buildings, structures,
equipment, roads, walks, parking lots, rolling stock or other
conveyances, or other real or personal property.
Historic preservation programs means programs conducted by the
agency that have preservation of historic properties as a primary
purpose.
Historic properties means those properties that are listed or
eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places or
properties designated as historic under a statute of the appropriate
State or local government body.
Individual with handicaps means any person who has a physical or
mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life
activities, has a record of such an impairment, or is regarded as having
such an impairment.
As used in this definition, the phrase:
(1) Physical or mental impairment includes--
(i) Any physiological disorder or condition, cosmetic disfigurement,
or anatomical loss affecting one or more of the following body systems:
Neurological; musculoskeletal; special sense organs; respiratory,
including speech organs; cardiovascular; reproductive; digestive;
genitourinary; hemic and lymphatic; skin; and endocrine; or
(ii) Any mental or psychological disorder, such as mental
retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and
specific learning disabilities. The term ``physical or mental
impairment'' includes, but is not limited to, such diseases and
conditions as orthopedic, visual, speech, and hearing impairments,
cerebral palsy, epilepsy, muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis,
cancer, heart disease, diabetes, mental retardation, emotional illness,
and drug addiction and alcoholism.
(2) Major life activities includes functions such as caring for
one's self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking,
breathing, learning, and working.
(3) Has a record of such an impairment means has a history of, or
has been misclassified as having, a mental or physical impairment that
substantially limits one or more major life activities.
(4) Is regarded as having an impairment means--
(i) Has a physical or mental impairment that does not substantially
limit major life activities but is treated by the agency as constituting
such a limitation;
(ii) Has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits
major life activities only as a result of the attitudes of others toward
such impairment; or
(iii) Has none of the impairments defined in paragraph (1) of this
definition but is treated by the agency as having such an impairment.
Qualified individual with handicaps means--
(1) With respect to preschool, elementary, or secondary education
services provided by the agency, an individual with handicaps who is a
member of a class of persons otherwise entitled by statute, regulation,
or agency policy to receive education services from the agency;
(2) With respect to any other agency program or activity under which
a person is required to perform services or to achieve a level of
accomplishment, an individual with handicaps who meets the essential
eligibility requirements and who can achieve the purpose of the program
or activity without modifications in the program or activity that the
agency can demonstrate would result in a fundamental alteration in its
nature;
(3) With respect to any other program or activity, an individual
with handicaps who meets the essential eligibility requirements for
participation in, or receipt of benefits from, that program or activity;
and
[[Page 340]]
(4) ``Qualified handicapped person'' as that term is defined for
purposes of employment in 29 CFR 1613.702(f), which is made applicable
to this regulation by Sec. 102.140.
Section 504 means section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973
(Pub. L. 93-112, 87 Stat. 394 (29 U.S.C. 794)), as amended by the
Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1974 (Pub. L. 93-516, 88 Stat. 1617);
the Rehabilitation, Comprehensive Services, and Developmental
Disabilities Amendments of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-602, 92 Stat. 2955); and the
Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1986 (Pub. L. 99-506, 100 Stat. 1810).
As used in this regulation, section 504 applies only to programs or
activities conducted by Executive agencies and not to federally assisted
programs.
Substantial impairment means a significant loss of the integrity of
finished materials, design quality, or special character resulting from
a permanent alteration.
Secs. 102.104--102.109 [Reserved]
Sec. 102.110 Self-evaluation.
(a) The agency shall, by September 6, 1989, evaluate its current
policies and practices, and the effects thereof, that do not or may not
meet the requirements of this regulation and, to the extent modification
of any such policies and practices is required, the agency shall proceed
to make the necessary modifications.
(b) The agency shall provide an opportunity to interested persons,
including individuals with handicaps or organizations representing
individuals with handicaps, to participate in the self-evaluation
process by submitting comments (both oral and written).
(c) The agency shall, for at least three years following completion
of the self-evaluation, maintain on file and make available for public
inspection:
(1) A description of areas examined and any problems identified; and
(2) A description of any modifications made.
Sec. 102.111 Notice.
The agency shall make available to employees, applicants,
participants, beneficiaries, and other interested persons such
information regarding the provisions of this regulation and its
applicability to the programs or activities conducted by the agency, and
make such information available to them in such manner as the head of
the agency finds necessary to apprise such persons of the protections
against discrimination assured them by section 504 and this regulation.
Secs. 102.112--102.129 [Reserved]
Sec. 102.130 General prohibitions against discrimination.
(a) No qualified individual with handicaps shall, on the basis of
handicap, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of,
or otherwise be subjected to discrimination under any program or
activity conducted by the agency.
(b)(1) The agency, in providing any aid, benefit, or service, may
not, directly or through contractual, licensing, or other arrangements,
on the basis of handicap--
(i) Deny a qualified individual with handicaps the opportunity to
participate in or benefit from the aid, benefit, or service;
(ii) Afford a qualified individual with handicaps an opportunity to
participate in or benefit from the aid, benefit, or service that is not
equal to that afforded others;
(iii) Provide a qualified individual with handicaps with an aid,
benefit, or service that is not as effective in affording equal
opportunity to obtain the same result, to gain the same benefit, or to
reach the same level of achievement as that provided to others;
(iv) Provide different or separate aid, benefits, or services to
individuals with handicaps or to any class of individuals with handicaps
than is provided to others unless such action is necessary to provide
qualified individuals with handicaps with aid, benefits, or services
that are as effective as those provided to others;
(v) Deny a qualified individual with handicaps the opportunity to
participate as a member of planning or advisory boards;
[[Page 341]]
(vi) Otherwise limit a qualified individual with handicaps in the
enjoyment of any right, privilege, advantage, or opportunity enjoyed by
others receiving the aid, benefit, or service.
(2) The agency may not deny a qualified individual with handicaps
the opportunity to participate in programs or activities that are not
separate or different, despite the existence of permissibly separate or
different programs or activities.
(3) The agency may not, directly or through contractual or other
arrangements, utilize criteria or methods of administration the purpose
or effect of which would--
(i) Subject qualified individuals with handicaps to discrimination
on the basis of handicap; or
(ii) Defeat or substantially impair accomplishment of the objectives
of a program or activity with respect to individuals with handicaps.
(4) The agency may not, in determining the site or location of a
facility, make selections the purpose or effect of which would--
(i) Exclude individuals with handicaps from, deny them the benefits
of, or otherwise subject them to discrimination under any program or
activity conducted by the agency; or
(ii) Defeat or substantially impair the accomplishment of the
objectives of a program or activity with respect to individuals with
handicaps.
(5) The agency, in the selection of procurement contractors, may not
use criteria that subject qualified individuals with handicaps to
discrimination on the basis of handicap.
(6) The agency may not administer a licensing or certification
program in a manner that subjects qualified individuals with handicaps
to discrimination on the basis of handicap, nor may the agency establish
requirements for the programs or activities of licensees or certified
entities that subject qualified individuals with handicaps to
discrimination on the basis of handicap. However, the programs or
activities of entities that are licensed or certified by the agency are
not, themselves, covered by this regulation.
(c) The exclusion of nonhandicapped persons from the benefits of a
program limited by Federal statute or Executive order to individuals
with handicaps or the exclusion of a specific class of individuals with
handicaps from a program limited by Federal statute or Executive order
to a different class of individuals with handicaps is not prohibited by
this regulation.
(d) The agency shall administer programs and activities in the most
integrated setting appropriate to the needs of qualified individuals
with handicaps.
Secs. 102.131--102.139 [Reserved]
Sec. 102.140 Employment.
No qualified individual with handicaps shall, on the basis of
handicap, be subject to discrimination in employment under any program
or activity conducted by the agency. The definitions, requirements, and
procedures of section 501 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C.
791), as established by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in
29 CFR part 1613, shall apply to employment in federally conducted
programs or activities.
Sec. 102.141--102.148 [Reserved]
Sec. 102.149 Program accessibility: Discrimination prohibited.
Except as otherwise provided in Sec. 102.150, no qualified
individual with handicaps shall, because the agency's facilities are
inaccessible to or unusable by individuals with handicaps, be denied the
benefits of, be excluded from participation in, or otherwise be
subjected to discrimination under any program or activity conducted by
the agency.
Sec. 102.150 Program accessibility: Existing facilities.
(a) General. The agency shall operate each program or activity so
that the program or activity, when viewed in its entirety, is readily
accessible to and usable by individuals with handicaps. This paragraph
does not--
(1) Necessarily require the agency to make each of its existing
facilities accessible to and usable by individuals with handicaps;
(2) In the case of historic preservation programs, require the
agency to take any action that would result in a substantial impairment
of significant
[[Page 342]]
historic features of an historic property; or
(3) Require the agency to take any action that it can demonstrate
would result in a fundamental alteration in the nature of a program or
activity or in undue financial and administrative burdens. In those
circumstances where agency personnel believe that the proposed action
would fundamentally alter the program or activity or would result in
undue financial and administrative burdens, the agency has the burden of
proving that compliance with Sec. 102.150(a) would result in such
alteration or burdens. The decision that compliance would result in such
alteration or burdens must be made by the agency head or his or her
designee after considering all agency resources available for use in the
funding and operation of the conducted program or activity, and must be
accompanied by a written statement of the reasons for reaching that
conclusion. If an action would result in such an alteration or such
burdens, the agency shall take any other action that would not result in
such an alteration or such burdens but would nevertheless ensure that
individuals with handicaps receive the benefits and services of the
program or activity.
(b) Methods--(1) General. The agency may comply with the
requirements of this section through such means as redesign of
equipment, reassignment of services to accessible buildings, assignment
of aides to beneficiaries, home visits, delivery of services at
alternate accessible sites, alteration of existing facilities and
construction of new facilities, use of accessible rolling stock, or any
other methods that result in making its programs or activities readily
accessible to and usable by individuals with handicaps. The agency is
not required to make structural changes in existing facilities where
other methods are effective in achieving compliance with this section.
The agency, in making alterations to existing buildings, shall meet
accessibility requirements to the extent compelled by the Architectural
Barriers Act of 1968, as amended (42 U.S.C. 4151-4157), and any
regulations implementing it. In choosing among available methods for
meeting the requirements of this section, the agency shall give priority
to those methods that offer programs and activities to qualified
individuals with handicaps in the most integrated setting appropriate.
(2) Historic preservation programs. In meeting the requirements of
Sec. 102.150(a) in historic preservation programs, the agency shall give
priority to methods that provide physical access to individuals with
handicaps. In cases where a physical alteration to an historic property
is not required because of Sec. 102.150(a) (2) or (3), alternative
methods of achieving program accessibility include--
(i) Using audio-visual materials and devices to depict those
portions of an historic property that cannot otherwise be made
accessible;
(ii) Assigning persons to guide individuals with handicaps into or
through portions of historic properties that cannot otherwise be made
accessible; or
(iii) Adopting other innovative methods.
(c) Time period for compliance. The agency shall comply with the
obligations established under this section by November 7, 1988, except
that where structural changes in facilities are undertaken, such changes
shall be made by September 6, 1991, but in any event as expeditiously as
possible.
(d) Transition plan. In the event that structural changes to
facilities will be undertaken to achieve program accessibility, the
agency shall develop, by March 6, 1989, a transition plan setting forth
the steps necessary to complete such changes. The agency shall provide
an opportunity to interested persons, including individuals with
handicaps or organizations representing individuals with handicaps, to
participate in the development of the transition plan by submitting
comments (both oral and written). A copy of the transition plan shall be
made available for public inspection. The plan shall, at a minimum--
(1) Identify physical obstacles in the agency's facilities that
limit the accessibility of its programs or activities to individuals
with handicaps;
(2) Describe in detail the methods that will be used to make the
facilities accessible;
[[Page 343]]
(3) Specify the schedule for taking the steps necessary to achieve
compliance with this section and, if the time period of the transition
plan is longer than one year, identify steps that will be taken during
each year of the transition period; and
(4) Indicate the official responsible for implementation of the
plan.
Sec. 102.151 Program accessibility: New construction and alterations.
Each building or part of a building that is constructed or altered
by, on behalf of, or for the use of the agency shall be designed,
constructed, or altered so as to be readily accessible to and usable by
individuals with handicaps. The definitions, requirements, and standards
of the Architectural Barriers Act (42 U.S.C. 4151-4157), as established
in 41 CFR 101-19.600 to 101-19.607, apply to buildings covered by this
section.
Secs. 102.152--102.159 [Reserved]
Sec. 102.160 Communications.
(a) The agency shall take appropriate steps to ensure effective
communication with applicants, participants, personnel of other Federal
entities, and members of the public.
(1) The agency shall furnish appropriate auxiliary aids where
necessary to afford an individual with handicaps an equal opportunity to
participate in, and enjoy the benefits of, a program or activity
conducted by the agency.
(i) In determining what type of auxiliary aid is necessary, the
agency shall give primary consideration to the requests of the
individual with handicaps.
(ii) The agency need not provide individually prescribed devices,
readers for personal use or study, or other devices of a personal
nature.
(2) Where the agency communicates with applicants and beneficiaries
by telephone, telecommunication devices for deaf persons (TDD's) or
equally effective telecommunication systems shall be used to communicate
with persons with impaired hearing.
(b) The agency shall ensure that interested persons, including
persons with impaired vision or hearing, can obtain information as to
the existence and location of accessible services, activities, and
facilities.
(c) The agency shall provide signage at a primary entrance to each
of its inaccessible facilities, directing users to a location at which
they can obtain information about accessible facilities. The
international symbol for accessibility shall be used at each primary
entrance of an accessible facility.
(d) This section does not require the agency to take any action that
it can demonstrate would result in a fundamental alteration in the
nature of a program or activity or in undue financial and administrative
burdens. In those circumstances where agency personnel believe that the
proposed action would fundamentally alter the program or activity or
would result in undue financial and administrative burdens, the agency
has the burden of proving that compliance with Sec. 102.160 would result
in such alteration or burdens. The decision that compliance would result
in such alteration or burdens must be made by the agency head or his or
her designee after considering all agency resources available for use in
the funding and operation of the conducted program or activity and must
be accompanied by a written statement of the reasons for reaching that
conclusion. If an action required to comply with this section would
result in such an alteration or such burdens, the agency shall take any
other action that would not result in such an alteration or such burdens
but would nevertheless ensure that, to the maximum extent possible,
individuals with handicaps receive the benefits and services of the
program or activity.
Secs. 102.161--102.169 [Reserved]
Sec. 102.170 Compliance procedures.
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, this
section applies to all allegations of discrimination on the basis of
handicap in programs and activities conducted by the agency.
(b) The agency shall process complaints alleging violations of
section 504 with respect to employment according to the procedures
established by the Equal Employment Opportunity
[[Page 344]]
Commission in 29 CFR part 1613 pursuant to section 501 of the
Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 791).
(c) The Director, Facilities Management, Office of Administration,
Executive Office of the President, shall be responsible for coordinating
implementation of this section. Complaints may be sent to the Director
at the following address: Room 486, Old Executive Office Building, 17th
and Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20500.
(d) The agency shall accept and investigate all complete complaints
for which it has jurisdiction. All complete complaints must be filed
within 180 days of the alleged act of discrimination. The agency may
extend this time period for good cause.
(e) If the agency receives a complaint over which it does not have
jurisdiction, it shall promptly notify the complainant and shall make
reasonable efforts to refer the complaint to the appropriate Government
entity.
(f) The agency shall notify the Architectural and Transportation
Barriers Compliance Board upon receipt of any complaint alleging that a
building or facility that is subject to the Architectural Barriers Act
of 1968, as amended (42 U.S.C. 4151-4157), is not readily accessible to
and usable by individuals with handicaps.
(g) Within 180 days of the receipt of a complete complaint for which
it has jurisdiction, the agency shall notify the complainant of the
results of the investigation in a letter containing--
(1) Findings of fact and conclusions of law;
(2) A description of a remedy for each violation found; and
(3) A notice of the right to appeal.
(h) Appeals of the findings of fact and conclusions of law or
remedies must be filed by the complainant within 90 days of receipt from
the agency of the letter required by Sec. 102.170(g). The agency may
extend this time for good cause.
(i) Timely appeals shall be accepted and processed by the head of
the agency.
(j) The head of the agency shall notify the complainant of the
results of the appeal within 60 days of the receipt of the request. If
the head of the agency determines that additional information is needed
from the complainant, he or she shall have 60 days from the date of
receipt of the additional information to make his or her determination
on the appeal.
(k) The time limits cited in paragraphs (g) and (j) of this section
may be extended with the permission of the Assistant Attorney General.
(l) The agency may delegate its authority for conducting complaint
investigations to other Federal agencies, except that the authority for
making the final determination may not be delegated to another agency.
Secs. 102.171--102.999 [Reserved]
[[Page 345]]
TITLE 3 FINDING AIDS
________________________________________________________________________
Table 1--Proclamations
Table 2--Executive Orders
Table 3--Other Presidential Documents
Table 4--Presidential Documents Affected During 1997
Table 5--Statutes Cited as Authority for Presidential Documents
List of CFR Sections Affected
Index
[[Page 346]]
[[Page 347]]
Table 1--PROCLAMATIONS
------------------------------------------------------------------------
62 FR
No. Signature Date Subject Page
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1997......................
6966.. Jan. 16................... Religious Freedom Day, 1997 3191
6967.. Jan. 17................... Martin Luther King, Jr., 3441
Federal Holiday, 1997.
6968.. Jan. 20................... National Day of Hope and 3443
Renewal, 1997.
6969.. Jan. 27................... To Modify Application of 4415
Duty-Free Treatment of
Certain Articles Under the
Generalized System of
Preferences, and for Other
Purposes.
6970.. Jan. 30................... National African American 5287
History Month, 1997.
6971.. Feb. 1.................... American Heart Month, 1997. 5291
6972.. Feb. 8.................... National Child Passenger 6443
Safety Week, 1997.
6973.. Feb. 24................... American Red Cross Month, 9065
1997.
6974.. Feb. 27................... Irish-American Heritage 9677
Month, 1997.
6975.. Mar. 3.................... Women's History Month, 1997 9905
6976.. Mar. 3.................... Save Your Vision Week, 1997 9907
6977.. Mar. 5.................... National Poison Prevention 11067
Week, 1997.
6978.. Mar. 7.................... National Older Workers 11069
Employment Week, 1997.
6979.. Mar. 25................... Greek Independence Day: A 14771
National Day of
Celebration of Greek and
American Democracy, 1997.
6980.. Apr. 1.................... Cancer Control Month, 1997. 16033
6981.. Apr. 1.................... National Child Abuse 16035
Prevention Month, 1997.
6982.. Apr. 1.................... To Implement an Agreement 16039
to Eliminate Tariffs on
Certain Pharmaceuticals
and Chemical Intermediates.
6983.. Apr. 8.................... National Former Prisoner of 17681
War Recognition Day, 1997.
6984.. Apr. 9.................... National D.A.R.E. Day, 1997 18015
6985.. Apr. 10................... National Pay Inequity 18497
Awareness Day, 1997.
6986.. Apr. 11................... National Service and 18501
Volunteer Week, 1997.
6987.. Apr. 11................... Pan American Day and Pan 18503
American Week, 1997.
6988.. Apr. 11................... To Modify Application of 19017
Duty-Free Treatment Under
the Generalized System of
Preferences.
6989.. Apr. 15................... National Crime Victims' 19021
Rights Week, 1997.
6990.. Apr. 17................... Education and Sharing Day, 19471
U.S.A., 1997.
6991.. Apr. 18................... National Day of Prayer, 19663
1997.
6992.. Apr. 19................... National Organ and Tissue 19891
Donor Awareness Week, 1997.
6993.. Apr. 19................... National Wildlife Week, 19893
1997.
6994.. Apr. 19................... National Park Week, 1997... 19895
6995.. Apr. 22................... Law Day, U.S.A., 1997...... 19897
6996.. May 1..................... Older Americans Month, 1997 24555
6997.. May 1..................... Loyalty Day, 1997.......... 24557
6998.. May 5..................... Asian/Pacific American 25105
Heritage Month, 1997.
6999.. May 7..................... Mother's Day, 1997......... 25421
7000.. May 7..................... Peace Officers Memorial Day 26201
and Police Week, 1997.
[[Page 348]]
7001.. May 8..................... Jewish Heritage Week, 1997. 26203
7002.. May 9..................... National Defense 26379
Transportation Day and
National Transportation
Week, 1997.
7003.. May 14.................... National Safe Boating Week, 27167
1997.
7004.. May 19.................... World Trade Week, 1997..... 27927
7005.. May 21.................... National Maritime Day, 1997 28605
7006.. May 22.................... Prayer for Peace, Memorial 28793
Day, 1997.
7007.. May 30.................... To Modify Duty-Free 30415
Treatment Under the
Generalized System of
Preferences.
7008.. May 30.................... Small Business Week, 1997.. 30427
7009.. June 6.................... Flag Day and National Flag 31699
Week, 1997.
7010.. June 12................... Father's Day, 1997......... 32983
7011.. June 30................... To Implement the World 35909
Trade Organization
Ministerial Declaration on
Trade in Information
Technology Products and
the Agreement on Distilled
Spirits.
7012.. July 18................... Captive Nations Week, 1997. 39413
7013.. July 24................... Death of William J. 40719
Brennan, Jr..
7014.. July 25................... National Korean War 40723
Veterans Armistice Day,
1997.
7015.. July 25................... Parents' Day, 1997......... 40725
7016.. July 31................... To Implement an Accelerated 42033
Schedule of Duty
Elimination Under the
North American Free Trade
Agreement.
7017.. Aug. 19................... Women's Equality Day, 1997. 44529
7018.. Sept. 8................... America Goes Back to 47911
School, 1997.
7019.. Sept. 12.................. National Week of Food 48929
Recovery, 1997.
7020.. Sept. 12.................. National Hispanic Heritage 48931
Month, 1997.
7021.. Sept. 15.................. 50th Anniversary of the 48933
National Security Act of
1947.
7022.. Sept. 16.................. Citizenship Day and 49121
Constitution Week, 1997.
7023.. Sept. 16.................. National POW/MIA 49123
Recognition Day, 1997.
7024.. Sept. 19.................. Minority Enterprise 50469
Development Week, 1997.
7025.. Sept. 19.................. National Historically Black 50471
Colleges and Universities
Week, 1997.
7026.. Sept. 19.................. National Farm Safety and 50473
Health Week, 1997.
7027.. Sept. 25.................. Austrian-American Day, 1997 51363
7028.. Sept. 25.................. Gold Star Mother's Day, 51365
1997.
7029.. Oct. 1.................... National Breast Cancer 52005
Awareness Month, 1997.
7030.. Oct. 1.................... National Domestic Violence 52007
Awareness Month, 1997.
7031.. Oct. 2.................... National Disability 52223
Employment Awareness
Month, 1997.
7032.. Oct. 3.................... Fire Prevention Week, 1997. 52471
7033.. Oct. 6.................... Child Health Day, 1997..... 52473
7034.. Oct. 6.................... German-American Day, 1997.. 52645
7035.. Oct. 9.................... Leif Erikson Day, 1997..... 53525
7036.. Oct. 9.................... General Pulaski Memorial 53527
Day, 1997.
7037.. Oct. 10................... White Cane Safety Day, 1997 53529
7038.. Oct. 10................... National School Lunch Week, 53695
1997.
7039.. Oct. 10................... Columbus Day, 1997......... 53697
7040.. Oct. 10................... National Children's Day.... 53701
7041.. Oct. 15................... International Rural Women's 54335
Day, 1997.
7042.. Oct. 17................... National Forest Products 54751
Week, 1997.
[[Page 349]]
7043.. Oct. 17................... National Character Counts 54755
Week, 1997.
7044.. Oct. 23................... United Nations Day, 1997... 55723
7045.. Oct. 24................... National Consumers Week, 56047
1997.
7046.. Oct. 30................... National Employer Support 59559
of the Guard and Reserve
Week, 1997.
7047.. Nov. 1.................... National American Indian 59773
Heritage Month, 1997.
7048.. Nov. 3.................... National Adoption Month, 60153
1997.
7049.. Nov. 6.................... National Day of Concern 60637
About Young People and Gun
Violence, 1997.
7050.. Nov. 7.................... Veterans Day, 1997......... 60761
7051.. Nov. 20................... National Great American 62679
Smokeout Day, 1997.
7052.. Nov. 21................... Thanksgiving Day, 1997..... 62687
7053.. Nov. 21................... National Farm-City Week, 62939
1997.
7054.. Nov. 21................... National Family Week, 1997. 62941
7055.. Nov. 22................... National Family Caregivers 62843
Week, 1997.
7056.. Dec. 1.................... World AIDS Day, 1997....... 64127
7057.. Dec. 1.................... National Drunk and Drugged 64131
Driving Prevention Month,
1997.
7058.. Dec. 5.................... National Pearl Harbor 65003
Remembrance Day, 1997.
7059.. Dec. 9.................... Human Rights Day, Bill of 65309
Rights Day, and Human
Rights Week, 1997.
7060.. Dec. 12................... Suspension of Entry as 65987
Immigrants and
Nonimmigrants of Persons
Who Are Senior Officials
of the National Union for
the Total Independence of
Angola (``UNITA'') and
Adult Members of Their
Immediate Families.
7061.. Dec. 16................... Wright Brothers Day, 1997.. 66251
[[Page 350]]
[[Page 351]]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 2-- EXECUTIVE ORDERS
------------------------------------------------------------------------
62 FR
No. Signature Date Subject Page
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1997......................
13034. Jan. 30................... Extension of Presidential 5137
Advisory Committee on Gulf
War Veterans' Illnesses.
13035. Feb. 11................... Advisory Committee on High- 7131
Performance Computing and
Communications,
Information Technology,
and the Next Generation
Internet.
13036. Feb. 15................... Establishing an Emergency 7653
Board To Investigate a
Dispute Between American
Airlines and its Employees
Represented by the Allied
Pilots Association.
13037. Mar. 3.................... Commission To Study Capital 10185
Budgeting.
13038. Mar. 11................... Advisory Committee on 12065
Public Interest
Obligations of Digital
Television Broadcasters.
13039. Mar. 11................... Exclusion of the Naval 12529
Special Warfare
Development Group From the
Federal Labor-Management
Relations Program.
13040. Mar. 25................... Amendment to Executive 14773
Order 13017, Advisory
Commission on Consumer
Protection and Quality in
the Health Care Industry.
13041. Apr. 3.................... Further Amendment to 17039
Executive Order 13010, as
Amended.
13042. Apr. 9.................... Implementing for the United 18017
States Article VIII of the
Agreement Establishing the
World Trade Organization
Concerning Legal Capacity
and Privileges and
Immunities.
13043. Apr. 16................... Increasing Seat Belt Use in 19217
the United States.
13044. Apr. 18................... Amending Executive Order 19665
12752, Implementation of
the Agricultural Trade
Development and Assistance
Act of 1954, as Amended,
and the Food for Progress
Act of 1985, as Amended.
13045. Apr. 21................... Protection of Children From 19885
Environmental Health Risks
and Safety Risks.
13046. May 16.................... Further Amendment to 27685,
Executive Order 12975, 28109
Extension of the National
Bioethics Advisory
Commission.
13047. May 20.................... Prohibiting New Investment 28301
in Burma.
13048. June 10................... Improving Administrative 32467
Management in the
Executive Branch.
13049. June 11................... Organization for the 32471
Prohibition of Chemical
Weapons.
13050. June 13................... President's Advisory Board 32987
on Race.
13051. June 24................... Internal Revenue Service 34609
Management Board.
13052. June 30................... Hong Kong Economic Trade 35659
Offices.
13053. June 30................... Adding Members to and 39945
Extending the President's
Council on Sustainable
Development.
13054. July 7.................... Eligibility of Certain 36965
Overseas Employees for
Noncompetitive
Appointments.
[[Page 352]]
13055. July 15................... Coordination of United 39099
States Government
International Exchanges
and Training Programs.
13056. July 21................... Further Amendment to 39415
Executive Order 13017,
Advisory Commission on
Consumer Protection and
Quality in the Health Care
Industry.
13057. July 26................... Federal Actions in the Lake 41249
Tahoe Region.
13058. Aug. 9.................... Protecting Federal 43451
Employees and the Public
From Exposure to Tobacco
Smoke in the Workplace.
13059. Aug. 19................... Prohibiting Certain 44531
Transaction With Respect
to Iran.
13060. Aug. 21................... Establishing an Emergency 45139
Board To Investigate
Disputes Between Amtrak
and its Employees
Represented by the
Brotherhood of Maintenance
of Way Employes.
13061. Sept.11................... Federal Support of 48445
Community Efforts Along
American Heritage Rivers.
13062. Sept. 29.................. Continuance of Certain 51755
Federal Advisory
Committees and Amendments
to Executive Orders 13038
and 13054.
13063. Sept. 30.................. Level V of the Executive 51757
Schedule: Removal of the
Executive Director,
Pension Benefit Guaranty
Cooperation, Department of
Labor.
13064. Oct. 11................... Further Amendment to 53711
Executive Order 13010, as
Amended, Critical
Infrastructure Protection.
13065. Oct. 22................... Further Amendment to 55329
Executive Order 13038
Advisory Committee on
Public Interest
Obligations of Digital
Television Broadcasters.
13066. Oct. 29................... Amendment to Executive 59273
Order 13037, Commission To
Study Capital Budgeting.
13067. Nov. 3.................... Blocking Sudanese 59989
Government Property and
Prohibiting Transactions
With Sudan.
13068. Nov. 25................... Closing of Government 63247
Departments and Agencies
on Friday, December 26,
1997.
13069. Dec. 12................... Prohibiting Certain 65989
Transactions With Respect
to UNITA.
13070. Dec. 15................... The Intelligence Oversight 66493
Board, Amendment to
Executive Order 12863.
13071. Dec. 29................... Adjustments to Certain 68521
Rates of Pay.
[[Page 353]]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 3--OTHER PRESIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS
------------------------------------------------------------------------
62 FR
Signature Date Subject Page
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1997
Jan. 2................... Notice: Continuation of Libyan 587
Emergency.
Jan. 21.................. Notice: Continuation of Emergency 3439,
Regarding Terrorists Who Threaten 3739
To Disrupt the Middle East Peace
Process.
Feb. 10.................. Message to Congress transmitting 8045
budget rescissions and deferrals.
Feb. 12.................. Presidential Determination No. 97- 13981
16: Immigration Emergency
Resulting From Alien Smuggling.
Feb. 21.................. Presidential Determination No. 97- 9903
17: Suspending Restrictions on
U.S. Relations With the Palestine
Liberation Organization.
Feb. 26.................. Order: Designation Under Executive 9349
Order 12958.
Feb. 27.................. Notice: Continuation of the 9347
National Emergency Relating to
Cuba and of the Emergency
Authority Relating to the
Regulation of the Anchorage and
Movement of Vessels.
Feb. 28.................. Presidential Determination No. 97- 11589
18: Certification for Major
Narcotics Producing and Transit
Countries.
Mar. 5................... Notice: Continuation of Iran 10409
Emergency.
Mar. 11.................. Presidential Determination No. 97- 13531
19: Eligibility of NIS Countries:
Georgia, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Moldova, Russia, Turkmenistan,
Ukraine, and Uzbekistan To Be
Furnished Defense Articles and
Services Under the Foreign
Assistance Act and the Arms
Export Control Act.
Mar. 18.................. Presidential Determination No. 97- 15353
20: U.S. Contribution to KEDO:
Certification Under the Heading
``Nonproliferation, Anti-
Terrorism, Demining and Related
Programs'' in Title II of the
Foreign Operations, Export
Financing, and Related Programs
Appropriations Act, 1997 (as
Enacted in Public Law 104-208).
Mar. 19.................. Message to Congress transmitting 14478
budget rescissions and deferrals.
Mar. 27.................. Memorandum: Strengthened 26369
Protections for Human Subjects of
Classified Research.
Apr. 1................... Memorandum: Delegation of 18261
Authority on Rates of
Compensation for U.S.
Representatives to the United
Nations.
Apr. 14.................. Memorandum: Delegation of 23123
Responsibilities Concerning FBI
Employees Under the Civil Service
Reform Act of 1978.
Apr. 24.................. Memorandum: Delegation to the 24797
Secretary of State of the
Responsibilities Vested in the
President by Section 564 of the
Foreign Relations Authorization
Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995
(Public Law 103-236), as Amended.
Apr. 24.................. Presidential Determination No. 97- 23939
21: Use of Nonproliferation, Anti-
Terrorism, Demining, and Related
Programs Account Funds for the
U.S. Contribution to the Korean
Peninsula Energy Development
Organization (KEDO).
[[Page 354]]
May 5.................... Presidential Determination No. 97- 28295
22: Bosnian Compliance on
Withdrawal of Foreign Forces and
Terminating Intelligence
Cooperation With Iran.
May 5.................... Presidential Determination No. 97- 28297
23: Assistance Program for the
New Independent States of the
Former Soviet Union.
May 23................... Presidential Determination No. 97- 30737
24: Waiver of Statutory
Restrictions To Permit Assistance
to Turkey.
May 28................... Notice: Continuation of Emergency 29283
With Respect to the Federal
Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia
and Montenegro) and the Bosnian
Serbs.
May 29................... Presidential Determination No. 97- 31313
25: Determination Under
Subsection 402(d)(1) of the Trade
Act of 1974, as Amended--
Continuation of Waiver of
Authority.
May 30................... Presidential Determination No. 97- 32015
26: Presidential Certification To
Waiver Prohibition on Assistance
to the Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia (Serbia and
Montenegro).
June 3................... Presidential Determination No. 97- 32017
27: Presidential Determination
Under Subsections 402(a) and
409(a) of the Trade Act of 1974,
as Amended--Emigration Policies
of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia,
Moldova, and Ukraine.
June 3................... Presidential Determination No. 97- 32019
28: Presidential Determination
Under Subsections 402(d)(1) of
the Trade Act of 1974, as
Amended--Continuation of Waiver
Authority.
June 13.................. Presidential Determination No. 97- 34157
29: Report to Congress Regarding
Conditions in Burma and U.S.
Policy Toward Burma.
July 16.................. Memorandum: Implementation of 38421
Revised Air Quality Standards for
Ozone and Particulate Matter.
July 24.................. Memorandum: Delegation of 40727
Authority Under Section 1424 of
the National Defense
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year
1997.
July 31.................. Notice: Continuation of Iraqi 41803
Emergency.
Aug. 5................... Memorandum: Delegation of 51367
Authority Under Section 803(a) of
the Intelligence Authorization
Act for Fiscal 1997.
Aug. 7................... Presidential Determination No. 97- 44065
30: Creation of a Middle East
Peace and Stability Fund Using
Current- and Prior-Year Economic
Support Funds Appropriated for
Egypt.
Aug. 11.................. Messages to Congress transmitting 43262
cancellation of items under Line
Item Veto Act.
Aug. 13.................. Notice: Continuation of Emergency 43629
Regarding Export Control
Regulations.
Aug. 16.................. Presidential Determination No. 96- 47907
31: Use of Section 614 To Provide
Assistance to Colombia.
Aug. 20.................. Memorandum: Determination Under 44879
Section 610(a) of the Foreign
Assistance Act of 1961, as
Amended, To Transfer $17.5
million to the Operating Expenses
Appropriation.
Sept. 12................. Presidential Determination No. 97- 48729
32: Extension of the Exercise of
Certain Authorities Under the
Trading With the Enemy Act.
[[Page 355]]
Sept. 22................. Presidential Determination No. 97- 53217
33: Presidential Determination To
Permit U.S. Contributions to the
International Fund for Ireland
With Fiscal Year 1996 and 1997
Funds.
Sept. 22................. Presidential Determination No. 97- 52009
34: Transfer of $4 Million in FY
1997 Economic Support Funds to
the Peacekeeping Operations
Account To Support the African
Crisis Response Initiative.
Sept. 24................. Notice: Continuation of Emergency 50477
With Respect to UNITA.
Sept. 26................. Presidential Determination No. 97- 52647
35: Presidential Determination on
Classified Information Concerning
the Air Force's Operating
Location Near Groom Lake, Nevada.
Sept. 30................. Notice: Continuation of Iran 51591
Emergency.
Sept. 30................. Presidential Determination No. 97- 52475
36: Presidential Determination on
Ex-Im Loan to China for Shanghai
Metro.
Sept. 30................. Presidential Determination No. 97- 53221
37: Presidential Determination on
FY 1998 Refugee Admissions
Numbers and Authorizations of In-
Country Refugee Status Pursuant
to Sections 207 and 101(a)(42),
Respectively, of the Immigration
and Nationality Act, and
Determination Pursuant to Section
2(b)(2) of the Migration and
Refugee Assistance Act, as
Amended.
Sept. 30................. Presidential Determination No. 37- 53221
38: Drawdown Under Section
506(a)(2) of the Foreign
Assistance Act To Provide
Counternarcotics Assistance to
Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, and
the Countries of the Eastern
Caribbean.
Sept. 30................. Presidential Determination No. 97- 52477
39: Delegation of Authority Under
Section 1322(c) of the National
Defense Authorization Act for
Fiscal Year 1996 (Public Law 104-
106).
Oct. 6................... Message to Congress transmitting 52452
cancellation of items under Line
Item Veto Act.
Oct. 8................... Presidential Determination No. 98- 55139
1: Presidential Determination on
the Proposed Agreement for
Cooperation Between the
Government of the United States
of America and the Swiss Federal
Council Concerning Peaceful Uses
of Nuclear Energy.
Oct. 9................... Presidential Determination No. 98- 54569
2: Presidential Determination on
the Proposed Agreement for
Cooperation Between the
Government of the United States
of America and the Government of
the Federative Republic of Brazil
Concerning Peaceful Uses of
Nuclear Energy.
Oct. 17.................. Notice: Continuation of Emergency 54561
With Respect to Significant
Narcotics Traffickers Centered in
Colombia.
Nov. 4................... Memorandum: Authorization To 60995
Redelegate Certain
Responsibilities Vested in the
President and Delegated to the
Secretary of State.
Nov. 12.................. Notice: Continuation of Emergency 60993
Regarding Weapons of Mass
Destruction.
Nov. 14.................. Presidential Determination No. 94- 63823
4: Assistance Program for the New
Independent States of the Former
Soviet Union.
[[Page 356]]
Nov. 17.................. Presidential Determination No. 98- 63619
5: Presidential Determination on
the Proposed Agreement for
Cooperation Between the
Government of the United States
of America and the Republic of
Kazakhstan Concerning Peaceful
Uses of Nuclear Energy.
Dec. 2................... Presidential Determination No. 98- 65005
6: Report to Congress Regarding
Conditions in Burma and U.S.
Policy Toward Burma.
Dec. 5................... Presidential Determination No. 98- 66253
7: Presidential Determination
Under Subsections 402(a) and
409(a) of the Trade Act of 1974,
as Amended--Emigration Policies
of Albania, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.
Dec. 5................... Presidential Determination No. 98- 66255
8: Presidential Determination on
Waiver and Certification of
Statutory Provisions Regarding
the Palestine Liberation
Organization.
Dec. 19.................. Memorandum: Delegation of 67547
Authority Under Section 1212 of
the National Defense
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year
1998 (Public Law 105-85).
[[Page 357]]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 4--PRESIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS AFFECTED DURING 1997
________________________________________________________________________
Editorial note: The following abbreviations are used in this table:
EO Executive Order
FR Federal Register
PLO Public Land Order (43 CFR, Appendix to Chapter II)
Proc. Proclamation
Pub. L. Public Law
Stat. U.S. Statutes at Large
________________________________________________________________________
Proclamations
Date or Number Comment
1322......................... See Pub. L. 105-85 (111 Stat. 2050)
6641......................... See Proc. 7011
6763......................... See Procs. 6969, 7011
6857......................... See Proc. 6969
6867......................... See Notice of Feb. 27, 1997, p. 248
6948......................... Amended by Proc. 6969
6961......................... Amended by Proc. 6969
Executive Orders
Date or Number Comment
June 8, 1866................. Revoked in part by PLO 7265 (62 FR 32367)
July 24, 1875................ Revoked in part by PLO 7249 (62 FR 12836)
July 2, 1910................. Revoked by PLO 7236 (62 FR 3053)
July 9, 1910................. Revoked in part by PLO 7272 (62 FR 35221)
Jan. 17, 1911................ Revoked by PLO 7277 (62 FR 40540)
Jan. 22, 1912................ Revoked by PLO 7230 (62 FR 3519)
Apr. 13, 1912................ Revoked in part by PLO 7268 (62 FR 33104)
Feb. 21, 1913................ Revoked by PLO 7252 (62 FR 17633)
May 27, 1913................. Revoked by in part by PLO 7297 (62 FR
63379)
Aug. 11, 1913................ Revoked by PLO 7278 (62 FR 45266)
Dec. 5, 1913................. Modified and revoked in part by PLO 7261
(62 FR 27773)
Dec. 15, 1913................ Revoked by PLO 7250 (62 FR 14438)
Mar. 21, 1914................ Modified and revoked in part by PLO 7261
(62 FR 27773); revoked in part by PLO
7288 (62 FR 52767)
June 24, 1914................ Modified and revoked in part by PLO 7261
(62 FR 27773)
Feb. 6, 1915................. Revoked by PLO 7239 (62 FR 5244)
Feb. 11, 1915................ Revoked in part by PLO 7289 (62 FR 63380)
Feb. 29, 1916................ Revoked in part by PLO 7261 (62 FR 27773)
[[Page 358]]
Aug. 2, 1916................. Modified by PLO 7261 (62 FR 27773)
Oct. 24, 1916................ Revoked by PLO 7237 (62 FR 3911)
Jan. 3, 1917................. Revoked in part by PLO 7261 (62 FR 27773)
Apr. 30, 1917................ Revoked by PLO 7303 (62 FR 65284)
July 24, 1917................ Revoked in part by PLO 7278 (62 FR 45266)
Aug. 31, 1917................ Revoked in part by PLO 7298 (62 FR 63380)
Nov. 26, 1917................ Revoked by PLO 7303 (62 FR 65284)
May 4, 1918.................. Revoked by PLO 7245 (62 FR 7796)
Feb. 25, 1919................ Modified by PLO 7261 (62 FR 27773)
Mar. 25, 1919................ Revoked in part by PLO 7297 (62 FR 63379)
Oct. 24, 1920................ Revoked in part by PLO 7261 (62 FR 27773)
May 25, 1921................. Revoked in part by PLO 7261 (62 FR 27773)
Apr. 17, 1926................ Modified by PLO 7261 (62 FR 27773)
3406......................... Revoked in part by PLO 7269 (62 FR 33103)
4525......................... Revoked by Pub. L. 105-85, 111 Stat. 2009
5327......................... Revoked in part by PLO's 7276 (62 FR
40541), 7283 (62 FR 49024)
5449......................... See PLO 7263 (62 FR 31450)
5672......................... Modified by PLO 7261 (62 FR 27773)
5947......................... See PLO 7263 (62 FR 31450)
6025......................... Revoked in part by PLO 7261 (62 FR 27773)
6544......................... Revoked in part by PLO 7289 (62 FR 52766)
11145........................ Continued by EO 13062
11183........................ Continued by EO 13062
11246........................ See Final rule of Aug. 12, 1997 (62 FR
44174)
11287........................ Continued by EO 13062
12131........................ Continued by EO 13062
12154........................ Amended by EO 13063
12170........................ Continued by Notice of Sept. 30, 1997, p.
311
12171........................ Amended by EO 13039
12196........................ Continued by EO 13062
12216........................ Continued by EO 13062
12345........................ Continued by EO 13062
12367........................ Continued by EO 13062
12382........................ Continued by EO 13062
12543........................ Continued by Notice of Jan. 2, 1997, p.
245
12544........................ Continued by Notice of Jan. 2, 1997, p.
245
12552........................ Revoked by EO 13048
12566........................ Revoked by EO 13043
12606........................ Revoked by EO 13045
12613........................ Revoked in part by EO 13059
12637........................ Revoked by EO 13048
12721........................ See EO's 13054, 13062
12722........................ See Notice of July 31, 1997, p. 305
12752........................ Amended by EO 13044
12808........................ See Notice of May 28, 1997, p. 289
12810........................ See Notice of May 28, 1997, p. 289
12816........................ Revoked by EO 13048
12831........................ See Notice of May 28, 1997, p. 289
12846........................ See Notice of May 28, 1997, p. 289
12852........................ Amended by EO 13053
12863........................ Amended by EO 13070
12864........................ Revoked by EO 13062
12865........................ See EO 13069; Notice of Sept. 24, 1997,
p. 310
12871........................ Continued by EO 13062
12876........................ Continued by EO 13062
[[Page 359]]
12882........................ Continued by EO 13062
12890........................ Revoked by EO 13062
12891........................ Revoked by EO 13062
12900........................ Continued by EO 13062
12905........................ Continued by EO 13062
12921........................ Revoked by EO 13062
12924........................ Continued by Notice of Aug. 13, 1997, p.
306
12933........................ See Final rule of May 16, 1997 (62 FR
28177)
12934........................ See Notice of May 28, 1997, p. 289
12938........................ See Notice of Nov. 12, 1997, p. 318
12946........................ Revoked by EO 13062
12947........................ Continued by Notice of Jan. 21, 1997, p.
246
12957........................ Continued by Notice of Mar. 5, 1997, p.
279; revoked in part by EO 13059
12958........................ See Order of Feb. 26, 1997, p. 248; Final
rules of March 26, 1997 (62 FR 17683);
July 1, 1997 (62 FR 36984)
12959........................ Revoked in part by EO 13059; see Notice
of Mar. 5, 1997, p. 279
12961........................ Continued by EO 13034
12964........................ Revoked by EO 13062
12968........................ See Final rules of March 26, 1997 (62 FR
17683); July 1, 1997 (62 FR 36984)
12970........................ Revoked by EO 13062
12974........................ Superseded by EO 13062
12975........................ Amended by EO 13046
12978........................ Continued by Notice of Oct. 17, 1997, p.
316
12982........................ See Department of Defense Notice of Feb.
11, 1997 (62 FR 6953)
12987........................ Revoked by EO 13062
12994........................ Continued by EO 13062
13010........................ Amended by EO's 13041, 13064
13015........................ Revoked by EO 13062
13017........................ Amended by EO's 13040, 13056
13032........................ Revoked by EO 13062
13033........................ Superseded by EO 13071
13037........................ Amended by EO 13066
13038........................ Amended by EO's 13062, 13065
13054........................ Amended by EO 13062
13062........................ Amended by EO 13065
[[Page 360]]
[[Page 361]]
Table 5--STATUTES CITED AS AUTHORITY FOR PRESIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS
________________________________________________________________________
Editorial note: Statutes which were cited as authority for the issuance
of Presidential documents contained in this volume are listed under one
of these headings. For authority cites for hortatory proclamations, see
the text of each proclamation:
United States Code
United States Statutes at Large
Public Laws
Short Title of Act
Citations have been set forth in the style in which they appear in the
documents. Since the form of citations varies from document to document,
users of this table should search under all headings for pertinent
references.
________________________________________________________________________
United States Code
U.S. Code Citation Presidential Document
2 U.S.C. 31.................. EO 13071
3 U.S.C. 104................. EO 13071
3 U.S.C. 301................. Procs. 6969, 7060; EO's 13047, 13054,
13059, 13067, 13069; Memorandums of Apr.
1, p. 284; Apr. 14, p. 284; Apr. 24, p.
285; July 24, p. 305; Aug. 5, p. 306;
Nov. 4, p. 317; Dec. 19, p. 321
5 U.S.C. 3301, 3302.......... EO 13054
5 U.S.C. 5304, 5304a......... EO 13071
5 U.S.C. 5312-5318........... EO 13071
5 U.S.C. 5317................ EO 13063
5 U.S.C. 5332(a)............. EO 13071
5 U.S.C. 7103(b)(1).......... EO 13039
5 U.S.C. 7902(c)............. EO 13043
5 U.S.C. App................. EO's 13037, 13038, 13050, 13062
7 U.S.C. 1691 et seq......... EO 13044
8 U.S.C. 1157................ Presidential Determination No. 97-37, p.
312
8 U.S.C. 1182(f), 1185....... Proc. 7060
19 U.S.C. 2432(a)............ Presidential Determination Nos. 97-27, p.
291; 98-7, p. 320
19 U.S.C. 2432(d)(1)......... Presidential Determination No. 97-25, p.
290
19 U.S.C. 2439(a)............ Presidential Determination Nos. 97-27, p.
291; 98-7, p. 320
19 U.S.C. 2461-2466.......... Proc. 7007
19 U.S.C. 2462............... Proc. 6988
19 U.S.C. 2463............... Proc. 6988
19 U.S.C. 2483............... Procs. 6982, 6988, 7007, 7011, 7016
19 U.S.C. 2703............... Proc. 6969
[[Page 362]]
19 U.S.C. 3203............... Proc. 6969
19 U.S.C. 3331(b)............ Proc. 7016
19 U.S.C. 3521(b)............ Procs. 6982, 7011
19 U.S.C. 3524............... Proc. 6982
22 U.S.C. 287c............... EO 13069
22 U.S.C. 288................ EO's 13042, 13049
22 U.S.C. 2318(a)(2)......... Presidential Determination No. 97-38, p.
314
22 U.S.C. 2349aa-9........... EO 13059
22 U.S.C. 2364(a)............ Presidential Determination Nos. 97-21, p.
286; 97-30, p. 306; 97-31, p. 307
22 U.S.C. 3963............... EO 13071
23 U.S.C. 402, 403........... EO 13043
26 U.S.C. 7801(a)............ EO 13051
28 U.S.C. 5, 44(d), 135, 252, EO 13071
461(a).
29 U.S.C. 668................ EO 13043
31 U.S.C. 301................ EO 13051
36 U.S.C. 175................ Proc. 7013
37 U.S.C. 203(a), (c)........ EO 13071
38 U.S.C. 7306, 7404......... EO 13071
42 U.S.C. 2153(b)............ Presidential Determination Nos. 98-1, p.
315; 98-2, p. 316; 98-5, p. 319
42 U.S.C. 6961(a)............ Presidential Determination No. 97-35, p.
311
45 U.S.C. 160................ EO's 13036, 13060
45 U.S.C. 181................ EO 13036
50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq........ EO's 13047, 13059, 13067, 13069
50 U.S.C. 1622(d)............ Notices of Jan. 2, p. 245; Jan. 21, p.
246; Feb. 27, p. 248; Mar. 5, p. 279;
May 28, p. 289; July 31, p. 305; Aug.
13, p. 306; Sept. 24, p. 310; Sept. 30,
p. 311; Oct. 17, p. 316; Nov. 12, p. 318
50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq........ EO's 13047, 13059, 13067, 13069
Public Laws
Law Number Presidential Document
91-148....................... EO 13057
91-190....................... EO 13061
95-223....................... Presidential Determination No. 97-32, p.
308
99-415....................... Presidential Determination No. 97-33, p.
309
102-40....................... EO 13071
102-194...................... EO 13035
103-160...................... Presidential Determination No. 97-26, p.
291
103-465...................... EO 13042
104-106...................... Presidential Determination No. 97-39, p.
315
104-107...................... Presidential Determination Nos. 97-17, p.
247; 97-23, p. 287; 98-4, p. 318
104-208...................... EO 13047; Presidential Determination Nos.
97-20, p. 280; 97-22, p. 286; 97-23, p.
287; 97-26, p. 291; 97-29, p. 292; 98-4,
p. 318; 98-6, p. 319
105-22....................... EO 13052
105-85....................... EO 13071
105-118...................... Presidential Determination No. 98-8, p.
320
[[Page 363]]
Short Title of Act
Title Presidential Document
Arms Export Control Act (sec. Presidential Determination No. 97-19,
3(a)(1)). p. 279
Export-Import Bank Act of 1945 Presidential Determination No. 97-36,
(sec. 2(b)(2)(D)(ii)). p. 312
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.. ......................................
Sec. 109...................... Memorandum of Aug. 20, p. 308
Sec. 490(b)(1)(A)............. Presidential Determination No. 97-18,
p. 249
Sec. 503(a)................... Presidential Determination No. 97-19,
p. 279
Sec. 610(a)................... Memorandum of Aug. 20, p. 308;
Presidential Determination No. 97-34,
p. 309
Sec. 620I..................... Presidential Determination No. 97-24,
p. 287
Immigration and Nationality Act Presidential Determination No. 97-16,
(sec. 404(b)(1)). p. 246
Trade Act of 1974...............
Sec. 402(d)(1)................ Presidential Determination No. 97-28,
p. 292
Secs. 503, 604................ Proc. 6969
[[Page 364]]
[[Page 365]]
LIST OF CFR SECTIONS AFFECTED
________________________________________________________________________
Editorial note: All changes in Chapter I of this volume of the Code of
Federal Regulations which were made by documents published in the
Federal Register since January 1, 1986, are enumerated in the following
list. Entries indicate the nature of the changes effected. Page numbers
refer to Federal Register pages. The user should consult the entries for
chapters and parts as well as sections for revisions.
For the period before January 1, 1986, see the ``List of CFR Sections
Affected, 1949-1963, 1964-1972, and 1973-1985'' published in seven
separate volumes.
Presidential documents affected during 1997 are set forth in Table 4
on page 357.
________________________________________________________________________
1986-1987
3 CFR
(No regulations issued)
1988
3 CFR
53 FR
Page
Chapter I
102
Added
25879
1989
3 CFR
(No regulations issued)
1990
3 CFR
55 FR
Page
Chapter I
101
Authority citation added
46037
101.3
Revised
46037
101.6
Added
46037
101.7
Added
46037
101.8
Added
46037
1991-1997
3 CFR
(No regulations issued)
[[Page 366]]
[[Page 367]]
INDEX
A
Administrative Management, Interagency Council on; establishment (EO 13048)
Adoption Month, National (Proc. 7048)
Advisory commission, committee, council. See other part of title
Afghanistan; narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-18, p.
249)
African American History Month, National (Proc. 6970)
African Crisis Response Initiative; U.S. assistance (Presidential
Determination No. 97-34, p. 309)
Agricultural assistance, foreign (EO 13044)
Air Force, operating location near Groom Lake, NV; classified information
(Presidential Determination No. 97-35, p. 311)
Air quality standards; implementation (Memorandum of July 16, p. 293)
Airlines, labor dispute emergency board; establishment (EO 13036)
Albania, trade with U.S. (Presidential Determination Nos. 97-28, p. 292; 98-
7, p. 320)
Alien smuggling; continuation of emergency (Presidential Determination No.
97-16, p. 246)
Allied Pilots Association, labor dispute emergency board; establishment (EO
13036)
American Airlines, labor dispute emergency board; establishment (EO 13036)
Amtrak, labor dispute emergency board; establishment (EO 13060)
Angola, National Union for the Total Independence of (UNITA)
Certain transactions prohibited (EO 13069)
State of emergency with U.S. (Notice of Sept. 24, p. 310)
Suspension of entry of persons who are senior officials and adult
members of their immediate families (Proc. 7060)
Anti-Economic Discrimination Act of 1994; delegation of authority
(Memorandum of Apr. 24, p. 285)
Antigua; narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-38, p. 314)
Arab League; boycott of Israel (Memorandum of Apr. 24, p. 285)
Argentina; Generalized System of Preferences, modification (Proc. 6988)
Armenia; emigration policies (Presidential Determination No. 97-27, p. 291)
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency; delegation of authority (Memorandum of
Nov. 4, p. 317)
Arms Proliferation Policy, President's Advisory Board; termination (EO
13062)
Arts and the Humanities, President's Committee on; continuation (EO 13062)
Aruba; narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-18, p. 249)
Asian/Pacific American Heritage Month (Proc. 6998)
Austrian-American Day (Proc. 7027)
Aviation Safety and Security, White House Commission on; termination (EO
13062)
Azerbaijan; emigration policies (Presidential Determination No. 97-27, p.
291)
B
Bahamas, The; narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-18, p.
249)
Barbados; narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-38, p. 314)
Barbuda; narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-38, p. 314)
Belarus; trade with U.S. (Presidential Determination No. 97-28, p. 292)
Belize; narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-18, p. 249)
Bill of Rights Day (Proc. 7059)
[[Page 368]]
Bioethics Advisory Commission, National; extension (EO 13046)
Black Colleges and Universities, President's Board of Advisors on
Historically; continuation (EO 13062)
Black Colleges and Universities Week, National Historically (Proc. 7025)
Boards. See other part of title
Boating Week, National Safe (Proc. 7003)
Bolivia; narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-18, p. 249)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Troop withdrawal and termination of intelligence cooperation with Iran
(Presidential Determination No. 97-22, p. 286)
State of emergency in areas under Bosnian Serb control (Notice of May
28, p. 289)
Brazil
Narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-18, p. 249)
Proposed nuclear energy agreement (Presidential Determination No. 98-2,
p. 316)
Breast Cancer Awareness Month, National (Proc. 7029)
Brennan, William J., Jr.; death (Proc. 7013)
Broom corn brooms; imports (Proc. 6969)
Brotherhood of Maintenance of Way Employes, labor dispute emergency board;
establishment (EO 13060)
Budgeting, Commission to Study Capital
Amendment (EO 13066)
Establishment (EO 13037)
Burma
U.S. policy (Presidential Determination Nos. 97-29, p. 292; 98-6, p.
319)
Narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-18, p. 249)
New investments prohibited (EO 13047)
Business and industry. See Trade; specific country
C
Cambodia
Generalized System of Preferences (Proc. 7007)
Narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-18, p. 249)
Cancer Control Month (Proc. 6980)
Capital Budgeting, Commission To Study
Amendment (EO 13066)
Establishment (EO 13037)
Captive Nations Week (Proc. 7012)
Central Intelligence Agency; delegation of authority (Memorandum of Aug. 5,
p. 306)
Character Counts Week, National (Proc. 7043)
Chemical Weapons, Organization for the Prohibition of (EO 13049)
Child Abuse Prevention Month, National (Proc. 6981)
Child Health Day (Proc. 7033)
Child Passenger Safety Week, National (Proc. 6972)
Children's Day, National (Proc. 7040)
Children, Task Force on Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks to;
establishment (EO 13045)
China
Export-Import Bank loan for Shanghai Metro (Presidential Determination
No. 97-36, p. 312)
Narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-18, p. 249)
Trade with U.S. (Presidential Determination No. 97-25, p. 290)
Citizenship Day (Proc. 7022)
Civil Service Reform Act of 1978; delegation of authority (Memorandum of
Apr. 14, p. 284)
Colombia
Defense assistance (Presidential Determination No. 97-31, p. 307)
Narcotics control (Notice of Oct. 17, p. 316; Presidential Determination
Nos. 97-18, p. 249; 97-38, p. 314)
Columbus Day (Proc. 7039)
Commissions, boards, committees, etc.
Administrative Management, Interagency Council; establishment (EO 13048)
Advisory committees; continuation and termination of certain (EO 13062)
American Airlines; labor dispute emergency board; establishment (EO
13036)
Amtrak; labor dispute emergency board; establishment (EO 13060)
Bioethics Advisory Commission, National; extension (EO 13046)
Capital Budgeting, Commission To Study
Amendment (EO 13066)
Establishment (EO 13037)
Computing and Communications, Information Technology, and the Next
Generation Internet, Advisory Committee on High-Performance; establishment
(EO 13035)
[[Page 369]]
Critical Infrastructure Protection, President's Commission on;
amendments (EO's 13041, 13064)
Digital Television Broadcasters, Advisory Committee on Public Interest
Obligations of
Amendment (EO 13065)
Establishment (EO 13038)
Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks to Children, Task Force on;
establishment (EO 13045)
Gulf War Veterans' Illnesses, Presidential Advisory Commission on;
extension (EO 13034)
Health Care Industry, Advisory Commission on Consumer Protection and
Quality; amendments (EO's 13040, 13056)
Heritage Rivers Interagency Committee, American; establishment (EO
13061)
Intelligence Oversight Board, The; amendment (EO 13070)
Internal Revenue Service Management Board; establishment (EO 13051)
International Exchanges and Training, Interagency Working Group on U.S.
Government-Sponsored; establishment (EO 13055)
Lake Tahoe Ecosystem, Federal Interagency Partnership on the;
establishment (EO 13057)
Race, President's Advisory Board on; establishment (EO 13050)
Sustainable Development, President's Council on; expansion and extension
(EO 13053)
Computing and Communications, Information Technology, and the Next
Generation Internet, Advisory Committee on High-Performance; establishment
(EO 13035)
Constitution Week (Proc. 7022)
Consumer Protection and Quality in the Health Care Industry, Advisory
Commission on; amendments (EO's 13040, 13056)
Consumers Week, National (Proc. 7045)
Cotton, upland; imports (Proc. 6969)
Crime Victims' Rights Week, National (Proc. 6989)
Critical Infrastructure Protection, President's Commission on; amendments
(EO's 13041, 13064)
Cuba; state of emergency with U.S. and vessels' regulation (Notice of Feb.
27, p. 248)
D
D.A.R.E. Day, National (Proc. 6984)
Defense and national security
Classification of national security information (Order of Feb. 26, p.
248)
Foreign assistance. See specific country.
Terrorists threatening Middle East peace process (Notice of Jan. 21, p.
246)
Defense Authorization Act, National; delegation of authority
Fiscal Year 1996 (Presidential Determination No. 97-39, p. 315)
Fiscal Year 1997 (Memorandum of July 24, p. 305)
Fiscal year 1998 (Memorandum of Dec. 19, p. 321)
Defense Transportation Day, National (Proc. 7002)
Developing countries; agricultural assistance (EO 13044)
Digital Television Broadcasters, Advisory Committee on Public Interest
Obligations of
Amendment (EO 13065)
Establishment (EO 13038)
Disability Employment Awareness Month, National (Proc. 7031)
Distilled spirits; World Trade Organization agreement (Proc. 7011)
Domestic Violence Awareness Month, National (Proc. 7030)
Dominican Republic; narcotics control (Presidential Determination Nos. 97-
18, p. 249; 97-38, p. 314)
Drugs (See Narcotics and drugs; specific country)
Drunk and Drugged Driving Prevention Month, National (Proc. 7057)
E
Eastern Caribbean Regional Security System; narcotics control (Presidential
Determination No. 97-38, p. 314)
Ecuador; narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-18, p. 249)
Education and Sharing Day, U.S.A. (Proc. 6990)
Education Excellence for Hispanic Americans, President's Advisory Commission
on; continuation (EO 13062)
Egypt; U.S. assistance (Presidential Determination No. 97-30, p. 306)
Environment
Air quality standards (Memorandum of July 16, p. 293)
[[Page 370]]
Heritage Rivers, American; initiative (EO 13061)
Lake Tahoe ecosystem (EO 13057)
Risks to children (EO 13045)
Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks to Children, Task Force on;
establishment (EO 13045)
Erikson, Leif (Proc. 7035)
Export control regulations; continuation of emergency (Notice of Aug. 13, p.
306)
Export Council; President's; continuation (EO 13062)
F
Family Caregivers Week, National (Proc. 7055)
Family Week, National (Proc. 7054)
Farm-City Week, National (Proc. 7053)
Farm Safety and Health Week, National (Proc. 7026)
Father's Day (Proc. 7010)
Federal. See other part of title
Fire Prevention Week (Proc. 7032)
Flag Day and National Flag Week (Proc. 7009)
Food Recovery, National Week of (Proc. 7019)
Foreign assistance (See also specific country; organization)
Agricultural assistance (EO 13044)
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (See also specific country)
Defense assistance (Presidential Determination No. 97-19, p. 279)
Transfer of funds (Memorandum of Aug. 20, p. 308)
Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995; delegation
of authority (Memorandum of Apr. 24, p. 285)
Forest Products Week, National (Proc. 7042)
G
Generalized System of Preferences. See Trade
Georgia
Defense assistance (Presidential Determination No. 97-19, p. 279)
Emigration policies (Presidential Determination No. 97-27, p. 291)
German-American Day (Proc. 7034)
Gold Star Mother's Day (Proc. 7028)
Government agencies and employees (See also Commissions, boards, committees,
etc.)
Central Intelligence Agency; delegation of authority (Memorandum of Aug.
5, p. 306)
Classification of national security information (Order of Feb. 26, p.
248)
Closing of Departments and Agencies on December 26, 1997 (EO 13068)
Federal Bureau of Investigation; employees under Civil Service Reform
Act of 1978 (Memorandum of Apr. 14, p. 284)
Management improvement in the executive branch (EO 13048)
Naval Special Warfare Development Group; exclusion from Federal labor-
management relations program (EO 13039)
Overseas employees, certain; eligibility for noncompetitive appointments
(EO 13054)
Pay and allowances; rate adjustment (EO 13071)
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation; Executive Director (EO 13063)
Seat belt use (EO 13043)
Tobacco smoke protections in Federal workplace (EO 13058)
Greek Independence Day (Proc. 6979)
Grenada; narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-38, p. 314)
Grenadines; narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-38, p. 314)
Groom Lake, NV, Air Force's operating location near; classified information
(Presidential Determination No. 97-35, p. 311)
Guard and Reserve Week, National Employer Support of the (Proc. 7046)
Guatemala; narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-18, p. 249)
Gulf War Veterans' Illnesses, Presidential Advisory Committee on; extension
(EO 13034)
Gun Violence, National Day of Concern About Young People and (Proc. 7049)
H
Haiti; narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-18, p. 249)
Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the U.S. See Trade
Health and safety (See also special observances)
Children (EO 13045)
Human research subjects; protection (Memorandum of Mar. 27, p. 281)
[[Page 371]]
Seat belt use (EO 13043)
Tobacco smoke in the Federal workplace (EO 13058)
Health Care Industry, Advisory Commission on Consumer Protection and Quality
in the; amendments (EO's 13040, 13056)
Health Risks and Safety Risks to Children, Tasks Force on Environmental;
establishment (EO 13045)
Heart Month, American (Proc. 6971)
Heritage Rivers Interagency Committee, American; establishment (EO 13061)
High-Performance Computing and Communications, Information Technology, and
the Next Generation Internet; establishment (EO 13035)
Hispanic Americans, President's Advisory Commission for Education Excellence
for; continuation (EO 13062)
Hispanic Heritage Month, National (Proc. 7020)
Hong Kong
Economic and trade offices; extension of privileges, exemptions, and
immunities under the International Organizations Immunities Act (EO 13052)
Narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-18, p. 249)
Hope and Renewal, National Day of (Proc. 6968)
Human Radiation Experiments, Advisory Committee on; termination (EO 13062)
Human research subjects, protections (Memorandum of Mar. 27, p. 281)
Human Rights Day and Human Rights Week (Proc. 7059)
I
Immigration
Illegal (Presidential Determination No. 97-16, p. 246)
Refugee admissions to U.S. (Presidential Determination No. 97-37, p.
312)
India; narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-18, p. 249)
Indian Heritage Month, National American (Proc. 7047)
Information Infrastructure, United States Advisory Council on the National;
termination (EO 13062)
Information Technology, and the Next Generation Internet, Advisory
Committee on High-Performance Computing and Communications; establishment
(EO 13035)
Information technology products; World Trade Organization agreement (Proc.
7011)
Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997; delegation of authority
(Memorandum of Aug. 5, p. 306)
Intelligence Oversight Board, The; amendment (EO 13070)
Internal Revenue Service Management Board; establishment (EO 13051)
International entities
Exchanges and training programs; coordination (EO 13055)
Public organizations; designations (EO's 13049, 13052)
International Rural Women's Day (Proc. 7041)
Internet, Advisory Committee on High-Performance Computing and
Communications, Information Technology, and the Next Generation;
establishment (EO 13035)
Investigation, Federal Bureau of; employees under Civil Service Reform Act
of 1978 (Memorandum of Apr. 14, p. 284)
Iran
Certain transactions prohibited (EO 13059)
Troop withdrawal and termination of intelligence cooperation with Bosnia
and Herzegovina (Presidential Determination No. 97-22, p. 286)
Narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-18, p. 249)
State of emergency with U.S. (Notices of Mar. 5, p. 279; Sept. 30, p.
311)
Iraq; state of emergency with U.S. (Notice of July 31, p. 305)
Ireland, International Fund for; U.S. contributions (Presidential
Determination No. 97-33, p. 309)
Irish-American Heritage Month (Proc. 6974)
J
Jamaica; narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-18, p. 249)
Jewish Heritage Week (Proc. 7001)
Jordan; U.S. assistance (Presidential Determination No. 97-30, p. 306)
K
Kazakhstan
Defense assistance (Presidential Determination No. 97-19, p. 279)
Proposed nuclear energy agreement (Presidential Determination No. 98-5,
p. 319)
[[Page 372]]
Trade with U.S. (Presidential Determination Nos. 97-28, p. 292; 98-7, p.
320)
King, Martin Luther, Jr., Federal Holiday (Proc. 6967)
Korea, North; nuclear facilities (Presidential Determination No. 97-20, p.
280)
Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization; U.S. assistance
(Presidential Determination Nos. 97-20, p. 280; 97-21, p. 286)
Korean War Veterans Armistice Day, National (Proc. 7014)
Kyrgyzstan
Defense assistance (Presidential Determination No. 97-19, p. 279)
Trade with U.S. (Presidential Determination Nos. 97-28, p. 292; 98-7, p.
320)
L
Labor
Disputes. See specific company or union
Federal Labor-Management Relations Program (EO 13039)
Labor Organization, President's Committee on the International; continuation
(EO 13062)
Lake Tahoe Ecosystem, Federal Interagency Partnership on the; establishment
(EO 13057)
Laos; narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-18, p. 249)
Law Day, U.S.A. (Proc. 6995)
Law enforcement and crime (See specific country; Narcotics and drugs;
Special observances)
Lebanon; narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-18, p. 249)
Leif Erikson Day (Proc. 7035)
Libya; state of emergency with U.S. (Notice of Jan. 2, p. 245)
Loyalty Day (Proc. 6997)
M
Malaysia; narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-18, p. 249)
Maritime Day, National (Proc. 7005)
Medal of Science, President's Committee on the National; continuation (EO
13062)
Memorial Day (Proc. 7006)
Mental Retardation, President's Committee on; continuation (EO 13062)
Mexico; narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-18, p. 249)
Middle East (See also specific country)
Peace and stability fund; creation (Presidential Determination No. 97-
30, p. 306)
Terrorists threatening peace process (Notice of Jan. 21, p. 246)
Minority Enterprise Development Week (Proc. 7024)
Moldova
Defense assistance (Presidential Determination No. 97-19, p. 279)
Emigration policies (Presidential Determination No. 97-27, p. 291)
Mother's Day (Proc. 6999)
N
Narcotics and drugs (See also specific country)
Certification for major producing and transit countries (Presidential
Determination No. 97-18, p. 249)
National. See other part of title
Naval Special Warfare Development Group; exclusion from the Federal labor-
management relations program (EO 13039)
Nevis; narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-38, p. 314)
New Independent States of the Former Soviet Union (See Soviet Union, New
Independent States of the Former)
Nigeria; narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-18, p. 249)
North American Free Trade Agreement; accelerated schedule of duty
elimination (Proc. 7016)
Nuclear energy
Brazil (Presidential Determination No. 98-2, p. 316)
Kazakhstan (Presidential Determination No. 98-5, p. 319)
North Korea (Presidential Determination No. 97-20, p. 280)
Switzerland (Presidential Determination No. 98-1, p. 315)
O
Occupational Safety and Health, Federal Advisory Council on; continuation
(EO 13062)
Office. See other part of title
Older Americans Month (Proc. 6996)
Older Workers Employment Week, National (Proc. 6978)
Organ and Tissue Donor Awareness Week, National (Proc. 6992)
[[Page 373]]
P
Pacific Trade and Investment Policy, Commission on United States-;
termination (EO 13062)
Pakistan; narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-18, p. 249)
Palestine Liberation Organization; suspending restrictions on U.S. relations
(Presidential Determination Nos. 97-17, p. 247; 98-8, p. 320)
Pan American Day and Pan American Week (Proc. 6987)
Panama; narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-18, p. 249)
Paraguay; narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-18, p. 249)
Parents' Day (Proc. 7015)
Park Week, National (Proc. 6994)
Partnership Council, National; continuation (EO 13062)
Pay Inequity Awareness Day, National (Proc. 6985)
Peace Officers Memorial Day (Proc. 7000)
Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day, National (Proc. 7058)
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation; Executive Director (EO 13063)
Peru; narcotics control (Presidential Determination Nos. 97-18, p. 249; 97-
38, p. 314)
Pharmaceuticals and chemical intermediates; tariff agreement (Proc. 6892)
Physical Fitness and Sports, President's Council on; continuation (EO 13062)
Poison Prevention Week, National (Proc. 6977)
Police Week (Proc. 7000)
Pollution; air quality standards (Memorandum of July 16, p. 293)
POW/MIA Recognition Day, National (Proc. 7023)
Prayer for Peace, Memorial Day (Proc. 7006)
Prayer, National Day of (Proc. 6991)
President's; Presidential. See other part of title
Prisoner of War Recognition Day, National Former (Proc. 6983)
Public international organization designation
Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices (EO 13052)
Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (EO 13049)
Pulaski Memorial Day, General (Proc. 7036)
R
Race, President's Advisory Board on; establishment (EO 13050)
Railroads, labor dispute emergency board; establishment (EO 13060)
Red Cross Month, American (Proc. 6973)
Refugees; admissions to U.S. (Presidential Determination No. 97-37, p. 312)
Religious Freedom Day (Proc. 6966)
Rivers, American Heritage, initiative (EO 13061)
Russia; defense assistance (Presidential Determination No. 97-19, p. 279)
S
Safety Risks to Children, Tasks Force on Environmental Health Risks and;
establishment (EO 13045)
School, America Goes Back to (Proc. 7018)
School Lunch Week, National (Proc. 7038)
Science and Technology, President's Committee of Advisors on; continuation
(EO 13062)
Seat belt use (EO 13043)
Security, national. See Defense and national security
Security Act of 1947, National, 50th Anniversary (Proc. 7021)
Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee, President's National;
continuation (EO 13062)
Serbia and Montenegro (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia)
State of emergency with U.S. (Notice of May 28, p. 289)
U.S. assistance (Presidential Determination No. 97-26, p. 291)
Service and Volunteer Week, National (Proc. 6986)
Small Business Week (Proc. 7008)
Smokeout Day, National Great American (Proc. 7051)
Soviet Union, New Independent States of the Former; assistance (Memorandum
of July 24, p. 305; Presidential Determination Nos. 97-19, p. 279; 97-23, p.
287; 98-4, p. 318)
Special observances
50th Anniversary of the National Security Act of 1947 (Proc. 7021)
America Goes Back to School (Proc. 7018)
American Heart Month (Proc. 6971)
American Red Cross Month (Proc. 6973)
[[Page 374]]
Asian/Pacific American Heritage Month (Proc. 6998)
Austrian-American Day (Proc. 7027)
Bill of Rights Day (Proc. 7059)
Cancer Control Month (Proc. 6980)
Captive Nations Week (Proc. 7012)
Child Health Day (Proc. 7033)
Citizenship Day and Constitution Week (Proc. 7022)
Columbus Day (Proc. 7039)
Death of William J. Brennan, Jr. (Proc. 7013)
Education and Sharing Day, U.S.A. (Proc. 6990)
Father's Day (Proc. 7010)
Fire Prevention Week (Proc. 7032)
Flag Day and National Flag Week (Proc. 7009)
General Pulaski Memorial Day (Proc. 7036)
German-American Day (Proc. 7034)
Gold Star Mother's Day (Proc. 7028)
Greek Independence Day (Proc. 6979)
Human Rights Day and Human Rights Week (Proc. 7059)
International Rural Women's Day (Proc. 7041)
Irish-American Heritage Month (Proc. 6974)
Jewish Heritage Week (Proc. 7001)
Law Day, U.S.A. (Proc. 6995)
Leif Erikson Day (Proc. 7035)
Loyalty Day (Proc. 6997)
Martin Luther King, Jr., Federal Holiday (Proc. 6967)
Minority Enterprise Development Week (Proc. 7024)
Mother's Day (Proc. 6999)
National Adoption Month (Proc. 7048)
National African American History Month (Proc. 6970)
National American Indian Heritage Month (Proc. 7047)
National Breast Cancer Awareness Month (Proc. 7029)
National Character Counts Week (Proc. 7043)
National Child Abuse Prevention Month (Proc. 6981)
National Child Passenger Safety Week (Proc. 6972)
National Children's Day (Proc. 7040)
National Consumers Week (Proc. 7045)
National Crime Victims' Rights Week (Proc. 6989)
National D.A.R.E. Day (Proc. 9984)
National Day of Concern About Young People and Gun Violence (Proc. 7049)
National Day of Hope and Renewal (Proc. 6968)
National Day of Prayer (Proc. 6991)
National Defense Transportation Day and National Transportation Week
(Proc. 7002)
National Disability Employment Awareness Month (Proc. 7031)
National Domestic Violence Awareness Month (Proc. 7030)
National Drunk and Drugged Driving Prevention Month (Proc. 7057)
National Employer Support of the Guard and Reserve Week (Proc. 7046)
National Family Caregivers Week (Proc. 7055)
National Family Week (Proc. 7054)
National Farm-City Week (Proc. 7053)
National Farm Safety and Health Week (Proc. 7026)
National Forest Products Week (Proc. 7042)
National Former Prisoner of War Recognition Day (Proc. 6983)
National Great American Smokeout Day (Proc. 7051)
National Hispanic Heritage Month (Proc. 7020)
National Historically Black Colleges and Universities Week (Proc. 7025)
National Korean War Veterans Armistice Day (Proc. 7014)
National Maritime Day (Proc. 7005)
National Older Workers Employment Week (Proc. 6978)
National Organ and Tissue Donor Awareness Week (Proc. 6992)
National Park Week (Proc. 6994)
National Pay Inequity Awareness Day (Proc. 6985)
National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day (Proc. 7058)
National Poison Prevention Week (Proc. 6977)
National POW/MIA Recognition Day (Proc. 7023)
National Safe Boating Week (Proc. 7003)
National School Lunch Week (Proc. 7038)
National Service and Volunteer Week (Proc. 6986)
National Week of Food Recovery (Proc. 7019)
National Wildlife Week (Proc. 6993)
Older Americans Month (Proc. 6996)
Pan American Day and Pan American Week (Proc. 6987)
[[Page 375]]
Parents' Day (Proc. 7015)
Peace Officers Memorial Day and Police Week (Proc. 7000)
Prayer for Peace, Memorial Day (Proc. 7006)
Religious Freedom Day (Proc. 6966)
Save Your Vision Week (Proc. 6976)
Small Business Week (Proc. 7008)
Thanksgiving Day (Proc. 7052)
United Nations Day (Proc. 7044)
Veterans Day (Proc. 7050)
White Cane Safety Day (Proc. 7037)
Women's Equality Day (Proc. 7017)
Women's History Month (Proc. 6975)
World AIDS Day (Proc. 7056)
World Trade Week (Proc. 7004)
Wright Brothers Day (Proc. 7061)
St. Kitts; narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-38, p. 314)
St. Lucia; narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-38, p. 314)
St. Vincent; narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-38, p.
314)
Sudan; state of emergency with U.S. (EO 13067)
Sustainable Development, President's Council on, expansion and extension (EO
13053)
Switzerland; proposed nuclear energy agreement (Presidential Determination
No. 98-1, p. 315)
Syria; narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-18, p. 249)
T
Taiwan
American Institute employees (EO 13054)
Narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-18, p. 249)
Tajikistan, trade with U.S. (Presidential Determination Nos. 97-28, p. 292;
98-7, p. 320)
Technology, and the Next Generation Internet, Advisory Committee on High-
Performance Computing and Communications, Information; establishment (EO
13035)
Television Broadcasters, Advisory Committee on Public Interest Obligations
of Digital
Amendment (EO 13065)
Establishment (EO 13038)
Thailand; narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-18, p. 249)
Thanksgiving Day (Proc. 7052)
Tobacco smoke in Federal workplace (EO 13058)
Trade (See also specific commodity, country, or region)
Export control regulations; continuation of emergency (Notice of Aug.
13, p. 306)
Generalized System of Preferences (Procs. 6969, 6988, 7007)
Harmonized Tariff schedule (Procs. 6969, 6982, 6988, 7007, 7011, 7016)
Most-favored nation status. See specific country.
North American Free Trade Agreement; duty elimination (Proc. 7016)
Pharmaceuticals and chemical intermediates, tariff agreement (Proc.
6982)
World Trade Organization, implementing agreements (Proc. 7011; EO 13042)
Trade and Environment Policy Advisory Committee, President's; continuation
(EO 13062)
Trade Week, World (Proc. 7004)
Trading With the Enemy Act; authorities extension (Presidential
Determination No. 97-32, p. 308)
Transportation (See also Special observances)
Seat belt use (EO 13043)
Transportation Week, National (Proc. 7002)
Turkey; U.S. assistance (Presidential Determination No. 97-24, p. 287)
Turkmenistan
Defense assistance (Presidential Determination No. 97-19, p. 279)
Trade with U.S. (Presidential Determination Nos. 97-28, p. 292; 98-7, p.
320)
U
Ukraine
Defense assistance (Presidential Determination No. 97-19, p. 279)
Emigration policies (Presidential Determination No. 97-27, p. 291)
UNITA (National Union for the Total Independence of Angola)
Certain transactions prohibited (EO 13069)
State of emergency with U.S. (Notice of Sept. 24, p. 310)
Suspension of entry of persons who are senior officials and adult
members of their immediate families (Proc. 7060)
United Nations Day (Proc. 7044)
[[Page 376]]
United Nations; rates of compensation for U.S. representatives (Memorandum
of Apr. 1, p. 284)
Uzbekistan
Defense assistance (Presidential Determination No. 97-19, p. 279)
Trade with U.S. (Presidential Determination Nos. 97-28, p. 292; 98-7, p.
320)
V
Venezuela; narcotics control (Presidential Determination Nos. 97-18, p. 249;
97-38, p. 314)
Veterans Day (Proc. 7050)
Vietnam; narcotics control (Presidential Determination No. 97-18, p. 249)
Vision Week, Save Your (Proc. 6967)
W
Weapons of mass destruction, continuation of emergency (Notice of Nov. 12,
p. 318)
White Cane Safety Day (Proc. 7037)
White House, Committee for the Preservation of the; continuation (EO 13062)
White House Fellowships, President's Commission on; continuation (EO 13062)
Wildlife Week, National (Proc. 6993)
Women's Equality Day (Proc. 7017)
Women's History Month (Proc. 6975)
World AIDS Day (Proc. 7056)
World Trade Organization; implementing agreements (Proc. 7011; EO 13042)
World Trade Week (Proc. 7004)
Wright Brothers Day (Proc. 7061)
Y
Young People and Gun Violence, National Day of Concern About (Proc. 7049)
Yugoslavia, Federal Republic. See Serbia and Montenegro
[[Page 377]]
CFR FINDING AIDS
________________________________________________________________________
Editorial note: A list of CFR titles, subtitles, chapters, subchapters,
and parts, and an alphabetical list of agencies publishing in the CFR
are included in the CFR Index and Finding Aids volume to the Code of
Federal Regulations, which is published separately and revised annually
as of January 1.
The two finding aids on the following pages, the ``Table of CFR Titles
and Chapters'' and the ``Alphabetical List of Agencies Appearing in the
CFR'' apply to all 50 titles of the Code of Federal Regulations.
Reference aids specific to this volume appear in the section entitled
``Title 3 Finding Aids,'' found on page 345.
[[Page 379]]
Table of CFR Titles and Chapters
(Revised as of January 1, 1998)
Title 1--General Provisions
I Administrative Committee of the Federal Register
(Parts 1--49)
II Office of the Federal Register (Parts 50--299)
IV Miscellaneous Agencies (Parts 400--500)
Title 2--[Reserved]
Title 3--The President
I Executive Office of the President (Parts 100--199)
Title 4--Accounts
I General Accounting Office (Parts 1--99)
II Federal Claims Collection Standards (General
Accounting Office--Department of Justice) (Parts
100--299)
Title 5--Administrative Personnel
I Office of Personnel Management (Parts 1--1199)
II Merit Systems Protection Board (Parts 1200--1299)
III Office of Management and Budget (Parts 1300--1399)
IV Advisory Committee on Federal Pay (Parts 1400--1499)
V The International Organizations Employees Loyalty
Board (Parts 1500--1599)
VI Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board (Parts
1600--1699)
VII Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations
(Parts 1700--1799)
VIII Office of Special Counsel (Parts 1800--1899)
IX Appalachian Regional Commission (Parts 1900--1999)
XI Armed Forces Retirement Home (Part 2100)
XIV Federal Labor Relations Authority, General Counsel of
the Federal Labor Relations Authority and Federal
Service Impasses Panel (Parts 2400--2499)
XV Office of Administration, Executive Office of the
President (Parts 2500--2599)
XVI Office of Government Ethics (Parts 2600--2699)
XXI Department of the Treasury (Parts 3100--3199)
XXII Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (Part 3201)
XXIII Department of Energy (Part 3301)
[[Page 380]]
XXIV Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (Part 3401)
XXV Department of the Interior (Part 3501)
XXVI Department of Defense (Part 3601)
XXVIII Department of Justice (Part 3801)
XXIX Federal Communications Commission (Parts 3900--3999)
XXX Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation (Parts 4000--
4099)
XXXI Farm Credit Administration (Parts 4100--4199)
XXXIII Overseas Private Investment Corporation (Part 4301)
XXXV Office of Personnel Management (Part 4501)
XL Interstate Commerce Commission (Part 5001)
XLI Commodity Futures Trading Commission (Part 5101)
XLII Department of Labor (Part 5201)
XLIII National Science Foundation (Part 5301)
XLV Department of Health and Human Services (Part 5501)
XLVI Postal Rate Commission (Part 5601)
XLVII Federal Trade Commission (Part 5701)
XLVIII Nuclear Regulatory Commission (Part 5801)
L Department of Transportation (Part 6001)
LII Export-Import Bank of the United States (Part 6201)
LIII Department of Education (Parts 6300--6399)
LIV Environmental Protection Agency (Part 6401)
LVII General Services Administration (Part 6701)
LVIII Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (Part
6801)
LIX National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Part
6901)
LX United States Postal Service (Part 7001)
LXI National Labor Relations Board (Part 7101)
LXII Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (Part 7201)
LXIII Inter-American Foundation (Part 7301)
LXV Department of Housing and Urban Development (Part
7501)
LXVI National Archives and Records Administration (Part
7601)
LXIX Tennessee Valley Authority (Part 7901)
LXXI Consumer Product Safety Commission (Part 8101)
LXXIV Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (Part
8401)
LXXVI Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board (Part 8601)
LXXVII Office of Management and Budget (Part 8701)
Title 6--[Reserved]
Title 7--Agriculture
Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of Agriculture
(Parts 0--26)
Subtitle B--Regulations of the Department of
Agriculture
I Agricultural Marketing Service (Standards,
Inspections, Marketing Practices), Department of
Agriculture (Parts 27--209)
II Food and Consumer Service, Department of Agriculture
(Parts 210--299)
[[Page 381]]
III Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Department
of Agriculture (Parts 300--399)
IV Federal Crop Insurance Corporation, Department of
Agriculture (Parts 400--499)
V Agricultural Research Service, Department of
Agriculture (Parts 500--599)
VI Natural Resources Conservation Service, Department of
Agriculture (Parts 600--699)
VII Farm Service Agency, Department of Agriculture (Parts
700--799)
VIII Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards
Administration (Federal Grain Inspection Service),
Department of Agriculture (Parts 800--899)
IX Agricultural Marketing Service (Marketing Agreements
and Orders; Fruits, Vegetables, Nuts), Department
of Agriculture (Parts 900--999)
X Agricultural Marketing Service (Marketing Agreements
and Orders; Milk), Department of Agriculture
(Parts 1000--1199)
XI Agricultural Marketing Service (Marketing Agreements
and Orders; Miscellaneous Commodities), Department
of Agriculture (Parts 1200--1299)
XIII Northeast Dairy Compact Commission (Parts 1300--1399)
XIV Commodity Credit Corporation, Department of
Agriculture (Parts 1400--1499)
XV Foreign Agricultural Service, Department of
Agriculture (Parts 1500--1599)
XVI Rural Telephone Bank, Department of Agriculture (Parts
1600--1699)
XVII Rural Utilities Service, Department of Agriculture
(Parts 1700--1799)
XVIII Rural Housing Service, Rural Business-Cooperative
Service, Rural Utilities Service, and Farm Service
Agency, Department of Agriculture (Parts 1800--
2099)
XXVI Office of Inspector General, Department of Agriculture
(Parts 2600--2699)
XXVII Office of Information Resources Management, Department
of Agriculture (Parts 2700--2799)
XXVIII Office of Operations, Department of Agriculture (Parts
2800--2899)
XXIX Office of Energy, Department of Agriculture (Parts
2900--2999)
XXX Office of the Chief Financial Officer, Department of
Agriculture (Parts 3000--3099)
XXXI Office of Environmental Quality, Department of
Agriculture (Parts 3100--3199)
XXXII [Reserved]
XXXIII Office of Transportation, Department of Agriculture
(Parts 3300--3399)
XXXIV Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension
Service, Department of Agriculture (Parts 3400--
3499)
XXXV Rural Housing Service, Department of Agriculture
(Parts 3500--3599)
[[Page 382]]
XXXVI National Agricultural Statistics Service, Department
of Agriculture (Parts 3600--3699)
XXXVII Economic Research Service, Department of Agriculture
(Parts 3700--3799)
XXXVIII World Agricultural Outlook Board, Department of
Agriculture (Parts 3800--3899)
XLI [Reserved]
XLII Rural Business-Cooperative Service and Rural Utilities
Service, Department of Agriculture (Parts 4200--
4299)
Title 8--Aliens and Nationality
I Immigration and Naturalization Service, Department of
Justice (Parts 1--499)
Title 9--Animals and Animal Products
I Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Department
of Agriculture (Parts 1--199)
II Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards
Administration (Packers and Stockyards Programs),
Department of Agriculture (Parts 200--299)
III Food Safety and Inspection Service, Meat and Poultry
Inspection, Department of Agriculture (Parts 300--
599)
Title 10--Energy
I Nuclear Regulatory Commission (Parts 0--199)
II Department of Energy (Parts 200--699)
III Department of Energy (Parts 700--999)
X Department of Energy (General Provisions) (Parts
1000--1099)
XI United States Enrichment Corporation (Parts 1100--
1199)
XV Office of the Federal Inspector for the Alaska Natural
Gas Transportation System (Parts 1500--1599)
XVII Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (Parts 1700--
1799)
Title 11--Federal Elections
I Federal Election Commission (Parts 1--9099)
Title 12--Banks and Banking
I Comptroller of the Currency, Department of the
Treasury (Parts 1--199)
II Federal Reserve System (Parts 200--299)
III Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (Parts 300--399)
IV Export-Import Bank of the United States (Parts 400--
499)
V Office of Thrift Supervision, Department of the
Treasury (Parts 500--599)
VI Farm Credit Administration (Parts 600--699)
VII National Credit Union Administration (Parts 700--799)
[[Page 383]]
VIII Federal Financing Bank (Parts 800--899)
IX Federal Housing Finance Board (Parts 900--999)
XI Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council
(Parts 1100--1199)
XIV Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation (Parts 1400--
1499)
XV Thrift Depositor Protection Oversight Board (Parts
1500--1599)
XVII Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight,
Department of Housing and Urban Development (Parts
1700-1799)
XVIII Community Development Financial Institutions Fund,
Department of the Treasury (Parts 1800--1899)
Title 13--Business Credit and Assistance
I Small Business Administration (Parts 1--199)
III Economic Development Administration, Department of
Commerce (Parts 300--399)
Title 14--Aeronautics and Space
I Federal Aviation Administration, Department of
Transportation (Parts 1--199)
II Office of the Secretary, Department of Transportation
(Aviation Proceedings) (Parts 200--399)
III Commercial Space Transportation, Federal Aviation
Administration, Department of Transportation
(Parts 400--499)
V National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Parts
1200--1299)
Title 15--Commerce and Foreign Trade
Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of Commerce (Parts
0--29)
Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Commerce and
Foreign Trade
I Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce (Parts
30--199)
II National Institute of Standards and Technology,
Department of Commerce (Parts 200--299)
III International Trade Administration, Department of
Commerce (Parts 300--399)
IV Foreign-Trade Zones Board, Department of Commerce
(Parts 400--499)
VII Bureau of Export Administration, Department of
Commerce (Parts 700--799)
VIII Bureau of Economic Analysis, Department of Commerce
(Parts 800--899)
IX National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Department of Commerce (Parts 900--999)
XI Technology Administration, Department of Commerce
(Parts 1100--1199)
XIII East-West Foreign Trade Board (Parts 1300--1399)
XIV Minority Business Development Agency (Parts 1400--
1499)
[[Page 384]]
Subtitle C--Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade
Agreements
XX Office of the United States Trade Representative
(Parts 2000--2099)
Subtitle D--Regulations Relating to Telecommunications
and Information
XXIII National Telecommunications and Information
Administration, Department of Commerce (Parts
2300--2399)
Title 16--Commercial Practices
I Federal Trade Commission (Parts 0--999)
II Consumer Product Safety Commission (Parts 1000--1799)
Title 17--Commodity and Securities Exchanges
I Commodity Futures Trading Commission (Parts 1--199)
II Securities and Exchange Commission (Parts 200--399)
IV Department of the Treasury (Parts 400--499)
Title 18--Conservation of Power and Water Resources
I Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Department of
Energy (Parts 1--399)
III Delaware River Basin Commission (Parts 400--499)
VI Water Resources Council (Parts 700--799)
VIII Susquehanna River Basin Commission (Parts 800--899)
XIII Tennessee Valley Authority (Parts 1300--1399)
Title 19--Customs Duties
I United States Customs Service, Department of the
Treasury (Parts 1--199)
II United States International Trade Commission (Parts
200--299)
III International Trade Administration, Department of
Commerce (Parts 300--399)
Title 20--Employees' Benefits
I Office of Workers' Compensation Programs, Department
of Labor (Parts 1--199)
II Railroad Retirement Board (Parts 200--399)
III Social Security Administration (Parts 400--499)
IV Employees' Compensation Appeals Board, Department of
Labor (Parts 500--599)
V Employment and Training Administration, Department of
Labor (Parts 600--699)
VI Employment Standards Administration, Department of
Labor (Parts 700--799)
VII Benefits Review Board, Department of Labor (Parts
800--899)
VIII Joint Board for the Enrollment of Actuaries (Parts
900--999)
[[Page 385]]
IX Office of the Assistant Secretary for Veterans'
Employment and Training, Department of Labor
(Parts 1000--1099)
Title 21--Food and Drugs
I Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and
Human Services (Parts 1--1299)
II Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice
(Parts 1300--1399)
III Office of National Drug Control Policy (Parts 1400--
1499)
Title 22--Foreign Relations
I Department of State (Parts 1--199)
II Agency for International Development, International
Development Cooperation Agency (Parts 200--299)
III Peace Corps (Parts 300--399)
IV International Joint Commission, United States and
Canada (Parts 400--499)
V United States Information Agency (Parts 500--599)
VI United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
(Parts 600--699)
VII Overseas Private Investment Corporation, International
Development Cooperation Agency (Parts 700--799)
IX Foreign Service Grievance Board Regulations (Parts
900--999)
X Inter-American Foundation (Parts 1000--1099)
XI International Boundary and Water Commission, United
States and Mexico, United States Section (Parts
1100--1199)
XII United States International Development Cooperation
Agency (Parts 1200--1299)
XIII Board for International Broadcasting (Parts 1300--
1399)
XIV Foreign Service Labor Relations Board; Federal Labor
Relations Authority; General Counsel of the
Federal Labor Relations Authority; and the Foreign
Service Impasse Disputes Panel (Parts 1400--1499)
XV African Development Foundation (Parts 1500--1599)
XVI Japan-United States Friendship Commission (Parts
1600--1699)
XVII United States Institute of Peace (Parts 1700--1799)
Title 23--Highways
I Federal Highway Administration, Department of
Transportation (Parts 1--999)
II National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and
Federal Highway Administration, Department of
Transportation (Parts 1200--1299)
III National Highway Traffic Safety Administration,
Department of Transportation (Parts 1300--1399)
[[Page 386]]
Title 24--Housing and Urban Development
Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary, Department of
Housing and Urban Development (Parts 0--99)
Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban
Development
I Office of Assistant Secretary for Equal Opportunity,
Department of Housing and Urban Development (Parts
100--199)
II Office of Assistant Secretary for Housing-Federal
Housing Commissioner, Department of Housing and
Urban Development (Parts 200--299)
III Government National Mortgage Association, Department
of Housing and Urban Development (Parts 300--399)
V Office of Assistant Secretary for Community Planning
and Development, Department of Housing and Urban
Development (Parts 500--599)
VI Office of Assistant Secretary for Community Planning
and Development, Department of Housing and Urban
Development (Parts 600--699) [Reserved]
VII Office of the Secretary, Department of Housing and
Urban Development (Housing Assistance Programs and
Public and Indian Housing Programs) (Parts 700--
799)
VIII Office of the Assistant Secretary for Housing--Federal
Housing Commissioner, Department of Housing and
Urban Development (Section 8 Housing Assistance
Programs and Section 202 Direct Loan Program)
(Parts 800--899)
IX Office of Assistant Secretary for Public and Indian
Housing, Department of Housing and Urban
Development (Parts 900--999)
X Office of Assistant Secretary for Housing--Federal
Housing Commissioner, Department of Housing and
Urban Development (Interstate Land Sales
Registration Program) (Parts 1700--1799)
XII Office of Inspector General, Department of Housing and
Urban Development (Parts 2000--2099)
XX Office of Assistant Secretary for Housing--Federal
Housing Commissioner, Department of Housing and
Urban Development (Parts 3200--3899)
XXV Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation (Parts 4100--
4199)
Title 25--Indians
I Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior
(Parts 1--299)
II Indian Arts and Crafts Board, Department of the
Interior (Parts 300--399)
III National Indian Gaming Commission, Department of the
Interior (Parts 500--599)
IV Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation (Parts
700--799)
V Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior,
and Indian Health Service, Department of Health
and Human Services (Part 900)
VI Office of the Assistant Secretary-Indian Affairs,
Department of the Interior (Part 1001)
[[Page 387]]
VII Office of the Special Trustee for American Indians,
Department of the Interior (Part 1200)
Title 26--Internal Revenue
I Internal Revenue Service, Department of the Treasury
(Parts 1--799)
Title 27--Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms
I Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, Department of
the Treasury (Parts 1--299)
Title 28--Judicial Administration
I Department of Justice (Parts 0--199)
III Federal Prison Industries, Inc., Department of Justice
(Parts 300--399)
V Bureau of Prisons, Department of Justice (Parts 500--
599)
VI Offices of Independent Counsel, Department of Justice
(Parts 600--699)
VII Office of Independent Counsel (Parts 700--799)
Title 29--Labor
Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of Labor (Parts
0--99)
Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Labor
I National Labor Relations Board (Parts 100--199)
II Office of Labor-Management Standards, Department of
Labor (Parts 200--299)
III National Railroad Adjustment Board (Parts 300--399)
IV Office of Labor-Management Standards, Department of
Labor (Parts 400--499)
V Wage and Hour Division, Department of Labor (Parts
500--899)
IX Construction Industry Collective Bargaining Commission
(Parts 900--999)
X National Mediation Board (Parts 1200--1299)
XII Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (Parts
1400--1499)
XIV Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (Parts 1600--
1699)
XVII Occupational Safety and Health Administration,
Department of Labor (Parts 1900--1999)
XX Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission
(Parts 2200--2499)
XXV Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration,
Department of Labor (Parts 2500--2599)
XXVII Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission
(Parts 2700--2799)
XL Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (Parts 4000--
4999)
[[Page 388]]
Title 30--Mineral Resources
I Mine Safety and Health Administration, Department of
Labor (Parts 1--199)
II Minerals Management Service, Department of the
Interior (Parts 200--299)
III Board of Surface Mining and Reclamation Appeals,
Department of the Interior (Parts 300--399)
IV Geological Survey, Department of the Interior (Parts
400--499)
VI Bureau of Mines, Department of the Interior (Parts
600--699)
VII Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement,
Department of the Interior (Parts 700--999)
Title 31--Money and Finance: Treasury
Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of the Treasury
(Parts 0--50)
Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Money and Finance
I Monetary Offices, Department of the Treasury (Parts
51--199)
II Fiscal Service, Department of the Treasury (Parts
200--399)
IV Secret Service, Department of the Treasury (Parts
400--499)
V Office of Foreign Assets Control, Department of the
Treasury (Parts 500--599)
VI Bureau of Engraving and Printing, Department of the
Treasury (Parts 600--699)
VII Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, Department of
the Treasury (Parts 700--799)
VIII Office of International Investment, Department of the
Treasury (Parts 800--899)
Title 32--National Defense
Subtitle A--Department of Defense
I Office of the Secretary of Defense (Parts 1--399)
V Department of the Army (Parts 400--699)
VI Department of the Navy (Parts 700--799)
VII Department of the Air Force (Parts 800--1099)
Subtitle B--Other Regulations Relating to National
Defense
XII Defense Logistics Agency (Parts 1200--1299)
XVI Selective Service System (Parts 1600--1699)
XIX Central Intelligence Agency (Parts 1900--1999)
XX Information Security Oversight Office, National
Archives and Records Administration (Parts 2000--
2099)
XXI National Security Council (Parts 2100--2199)
XXIV Office of Science and Technology Policy (Parts 2400--
2499)
XXVII Office for Micronesian Status Negotiations (Parts
2700--2799)
XXVIII Office of the Vice President of the United States
(Parts 2800--2899)
XXIX Presidential Commission on the Assignment of Women in
the Armed Forces (Part 2900)
[[Page 389]]
Title 33--Navigation and Navigable Waters
I Coast Guard, Department of Transportation (Parts 1--
199)
II Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army (Parts
200--399)
IV Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation,
Department of Transportation (Parts 400--499)
Title 34--Education
Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary, Department of
Education (Parts 1--99)
Subtitle B--Regulations of the Offices of the
Department of Education
I Office for Civil Rights, Department of Education
(Parts 100--199)
II Office of Elementary and Secondary Education,
Department of Education (Parts 200--299)
III Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative
Services, Department of Education (Parts 300--399)
IV Office of Vocational and Adult Education, Department
of Education (Parts 400--499)
V Office of Bilingual Education and Minority Languages
Affairs, Department of Education (Parts 500--599)
VI Office of Postsecondary Education, Department of
Education (Parts 600--699)
VII Office of Educational Research and Improvement,
Department of Education (Parts 700--799)
XI National Institute for Literacy (Parts 1100-1199)
Subtitle C--Regulations Relating to Education
XII National Council on Disability (Parts 1200--1299)
Title 35--Panama Canal
I Panama Canal Regulations (Parts 1--299)
Title 36--Parks, Forests, and Public Property
I National Park Service, Department of the Interior
(Parts 1--199)
II Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (Parts 200--
299)
III Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army (Parts
300--399)
IV American Battle Monuments Commission (Parts 400--499)
V Smithsonian Institution (Parts 500--599)
VII Library of Congress (Parts 700--799)
VIII Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (Parts 800--
899)
IX Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation (Parts
900--999)
XI Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance
Board (Parts 1100--1199)
XII National Archives and Records Administration (Parts
1200--1299)
XIV Assassination Records Review Board (Parts 1400-1499)
[[Page 390]]
Title 37--Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights
I Patent and Trademark Office, Department of Commerce
(Parts 1--199)
II Copyright Office, Library of Congress (Parts 200--299)
IV Assistant Secretary for Technology Policy, Department
of Commerce (Parts 400--499)
V Under Secretary for Technology, Department of Commerce
(Parts 500--599)
Title 38--Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief
I Department of Veterans Affairs (Parts 0--99)
Title 39--Postal Service
I United States Postal Service (Parts 1--999)
III Postal Rate Commission (Parts 3000--3099)
Title 40--Protection of Environment
I Environmental Protection Agency (Parts 1--799)
V Council on Environmental Quality (Parts 1500--1599)
Title 41--Public Contracts and Property Management
Subtitle B--Other Provisions Relating to Public
Contracts
50 Public Contracts, Department of Labor (Parts 50-1--50-
999)
51 Committee for Purchase From People Who Are Blind or
Severely Disabled (Parts 51-1--51-99)
60 Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs, Equal
Employment Opportunity, Department of Labor (Parts
60-1--60-999)
61 Office of the Assistant Secretary for Veterans
Employment and Training, Department of Labor
(Parts 61-1--61-999)
Subtitle C--Federal Property Management Regulations
System
101 Federal Property Management Regulations (Parts 101-1--
101-99)
105 General Services Administration (Parts 105-1--105-999)
109 Department of Energy Property Management Regulations
(Parts 109-1--109-99)
114 Department of the Interior (Parts 114-1--114-99)
115 Environmental Protection Agency (Parts 115-1--115-99)
128 Department of Justice (Parts 128-1--128-99)
Subtitle D--Other Provisions Relating to Property
Management [Reserved]
Subtitle E--Federal Information Resources Management
Regulations System
201 Federal Information Resources Management Regulation
(Parts 201-1--201-99) [Reserved]
Subtitle F--Federal Travel Regulation System
301 Travel Allowances (Parts 301-1--301-99)
302 Relocation Allowances (Parts 302-1--302-99)
[[Page 391]]
303 Payment of Expenses Connected with the Death of
Certain Employees (Parts 303-1--303-2)
304 Payment from a Non-Federal Source for Travel Expenses
(Parts 304-1--304-99)
Title 42--Public Health
I Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human
Services (Parts 1--199)
IV Health Care Financing Administration, Department of
Health and Human Services (Parts 400--499)
V Office of Inspector General-Health Care, Department of
Health and Human Services (Parts 1000--1999)
Title 43--Public Lands: Interior
Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of the Interior
(Parts 1--199)
Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Public Lands
I Bureau of Reclamation, Department of the Interior
(Parts 200--499)
II Bureau of Land Management, Department of the Interior
(Parts 1000--9999)
III Utah Reclamation Mitigation and Conservation
Commission (Parts 10000--10005)
Title 44--Emergency Management and Assistance
I Federal Emergency Management Agency (Parts 0--399)
IV Department of Commerce and Department of
Transportation (Parts 400--499)
Title 45--Public Welfare
Subtitle A--Department of Health and Human Services
(Parts 1--199)
Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Public Welfare
II Office of Family Assistance (Assistance Programs),
Administration for Children and Families,
Department of Health and Human Services (Parts
200--299)
III Office of Child Support Enforcement (Child Support
Enforcement Program), Administration for Children
and Families, Department of Health and Human
Services (Parts 300--399)
IV Office of Refugee Resettlement, Administration for
Children and Families Department of Health and
Human Services (Parts 400--499)
V Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United
States, Department of Justice (Parts 500--599)
VI National Science Foundation (Parts 600--699)
VII Commission on Civil Rights (Parts 700--799)
VIII Office of Personnel Management (Parts 800--899)
[[Page 392]]
X Office of Community Services, Administration for
Children and Families, Department of Health and
Human Services (Parts 1000--1099)
XI National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities
(Parts 1100--1199)
XII ACTION (Parts 1200--1299)
XIII Office of Human Development Services, Department of
Health and Human Services (Parts 1300--1399)
XVI Legal Services Corporation (Parts 1600--1699)
XVII National Commission on Libraries and Information
Science (Parts 1700--1799)
XVIII Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation (Parts 1800--
1899)
XXI Commission on Fine Arts (Parts 2100--2199)
XXII Christopher Columbus Quincentenary Jubilee Commission
(Parts 2200--2299)
XXIII Arctic Research Commission (Part 2301)
XXIV James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation (Parts
2400--2499)
XXV Corporation for National and Community Service (Parts
2500--2599)
Title 46--Shipping
I Coast Guard, Department of Transportation (Parts 1--
199)
II Maritime Administration, Department of Transportation
(Parts 200--399)
IV Federal Maritime Commission (Parts 500--599)
Title 47--Telecommunication
I Federal Communications Commission (Parts 0--199)
II Office of Science and Technology Policy and National
Security Council (Parts 200--299)
III National Telecommunications and Information
Administration, Department of Commerce (Parts
300--399)
Title 48--Federal Acquisition Regulations System
1 Federal Acquisition Regulation (Parts 1--99)
2 Department of Defense (Parts 200--299)
3 Department of Health and Human Services (Parts 300--
399)
4 Department of Agriculture (Parts 400--499)
5 General Services Administration (Parts 500--599)
6 Department of State (Parts 600--699)
7 United States Agency for International Development
(Parts 700--799)
8 Department of Veterans Affairs (Parts 800--899)
9 Department of Energy (Parts 900--999)
10 Department of the Treasury (Parts 1000--1099)
[[Page 393]]
12 Department of Transportation (Parts 1200--1299)
13 Department of Commerce (Parts 1300--1399)
14 Department of the Interior (Parts 1400--1499)
15 Environmental Protection Agency (Parts 1500--1599)
16 Office of Personnel Management Federal Employees
Health Benefits Acquisition Regulation (Parts
1600--1699)
17 Office of Personnel Management (Parts 1700--1799)
18 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Parts
1800--1899)
19 United States Information Agency (Parts 1900--1999)
20 Nuclear Regulatory Commission (Parts 2000--2099)
21 Office of Personnel Management, Federal Employees
Group Life Insurance Federal Acquisition
Regulation (Parts 2100--2199)
23 Social Security Administration (Parts 2300--2399)
24 Department of Housing and Urban Development (Parts
2400--2499)
25 National Science Foundation (Parts 2500--2599)
28 Department of Justice (Parts 2800--2899)
29 Department of Labor (Parts 2900--2999)
34 Department of Education Acquisition Regulation (Parts
3400--3499)
35 Panama Canal Commission (Parts 3500--3599)
44 Federal Emergency Management Agency (Parts 4400--4499)
51 Department of the Army Acquisition Regulations (Parts
5100--5199)
52 Department of the Navy Acquisition Regulations (Parts
5200--5299)
53 Department of the Air Force Federal Acquisition
Regulation Supplement (Parts 5300--5399)
54 Defense Logistics Agency, Department of Defense (Part
5452)
57 African Development Foundation (Parts 5700--5799)
61 General Services Administration Board of Contract
Appeals (Parts 6100--6199)
63 Department of Transportation Board of Contract Appeals
(Parts 6300--6399)
99 Cost Accounting Standards Board, Office of Federal
Procurement Policy, Office of Management and
Budget (Parts 9900--9999)
Title 49--Transportation
Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of Transportation
(Parts 1--99)
Subtitle B--Other Regulations Relating to
Transportation
I Research and Special Programs Administration,
Department of Transportation (Parts 100--199)
II Federal Railroad Administration, Department of
Transportation (Parts 200--299)
[[Page 394]]
III Federal Highway Administration, Department of
Transportation (Parts 300--399)
IV Coast Guard, Department of Transportation (Parts 400--
499)
V National Highway Traffic Safety Administration,
Department of Transportation (Parts 500--599)
VI Federal Transit Administration, Department of
Transportation (Parts 600--699)
VII National Railroad Passenger Corporation (AMTRAK)
(Parts 700--799)
VIII National Transportation Safety Board (Parts 800--999)
X Surface Transportation Board, Department of
Transportation (Parts 1000--1399)
Title 50--Wildlife and Fisheries
I United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of
the Interior (Parts 1--199)
II National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, Department of
Commerce (Parts 200--299)
III International Fishing and Related Activities (Parts
300--399)
IV Joint Regulations (United States Fish and Wildlife
Service, Department of the Interior and National
Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, Department of
Commerce); Endangered Species Committee
Regulations (Parts 400--499)
V Marine Mammal Commission (Parts 500--599)
VI Fishery Conservation and Management, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, Department of
Commerce (Parts 600--699)
CFR Index and Finding Aids
Subject/Agency Index
List of Agency Prepared Indexes
Parallel Tables of Statutory Authorities and Rules
List of CFR Titles, Chapters, Subchapters, and Parts
Alphabetical List of Agencies Appearing in the CFR
[[Page 395]]
Alphabetical List of Agencies Appearing in the CFR
(Revised as of January 1, 1998)
CFR Title, Subtitle or
Agency Chapter
ACTION 45, XII
Administrative Committee of the Federal Register 1, I
Advanced Research Projects Agency 32, I
Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental 5, VII
Relations
Advisory Committee on Federal Pay 5, IV
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation 36, VIII
African Development Foundation 22, XV
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 57
Agency for International Development, United 22, II
States
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 7
Agricultural Marketing Service 7, I, IX, X, XI
Agricultural Research Service 7, V
Agriculture Department
Agricultural Marketing Service 7, I, IX, X, XI
Agricultural Research Service 7, V
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service 7, III; 9, I
Chief Financial Officer, Office of 7, XXX
Commodity Credit Corporation 7, XIV
Cooperative State Research, Education, and 7, XXXIV
Extension Service
Economic Research Service 7, XXXVII
Energy, Office of 7, XXIX
Environmental Quality, Office of 7, XXXI
Farm Service Agency 7, VII, XVIII
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 4
Federal Crop Insurance Corporation 7, IV
Food and Consumer Service 7, II
Food Safety and Inspection Service 9, III
Foreign Agricultural Service 7, XV
Forest Service 36, II
Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards 7, VIII; 9, II
Administration
Information Resources Management, Office of 7, XXVII
Inspector General, Office of 7, XXVI
National Agricultural Library 7, XLI
National Agricultural Statistics Service 7, XXXVI
Natural Resources Conservation Service 7, VI
Operations, Office of 7, XXVIII
Rural Business-Cooperative Service 7, XVIII, XLII
Rural Development Administration 7, XLII
Rural Housing Service 7, XVIII, XXXV
Rural Telephone Bank 7, XVI
Rural Utilities Service 7, XVII, XVIII, XLII
Secretary of Agriculture, Office of 7, Subtitle A
Transportation, Office of 7, XXXIII
World Agricultural Outlook Board 7, XXXVIII
Air Force Department 32, VII
Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement 48, 53
Alaska Natural Gas Transportation System, Office 10, XV
of the Federal Inspector
Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, Bureau of 27, I
AMTRAK 49, VII
American Battle Monuments Commission 36, IV
American Indians, Office of the Special Trustee 25, VII
[[Page 396]]
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service 7, III; 9, I
Appalachian Regional Commission 5, IX
Architectural and Transportation Barriers 36, XI
Compliance Board
Arctic Research Commission 45, XXIII
Armed Forces Retirement Home 5, XI
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, United 22, VI
States
Army Department 32, V
Engineers, Corps of 33, II; 36, III
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 51
Assassination Records Review Board 36, XIV
Benefits Review Board 20, VII
Bilingual Education and Minority Languages 34, V
Affairs, Office of
Blind or Severely Disabled, Committee for 41, 51
Purchase From People Who Are
Board for International Broadcasting 22, XIII
Census Bureau 15, I
Central Intelligence Agency 32, XIX
Chief Financial Officer, Office of 7, XXX
Child Support Enforcement, Office of 45, III
Children and Families, Administration for 45, II, III, IV, X
Christopher Columbus Quincentenary Jubilee 45, XXII
Commission
Civil Rights, Commission on 45, VII
Civil Rights, Office for 34, I
Coast Guard 33, I; 46, I; 49, IV
Commerce Department 44, IV
Census Bureau 15, I`
Economic Affairs, Under Secretary 37, V
Economic Analysis, Bureau of 15, VIII
Economic Development Administration 13, III
Emergency Management and Assistance 44, IV
Export Administration, Bureau of 15, VII
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 13
Fishery Conservation and Management 50, VI
Foreign-Trade Zones Board 15, IV
International Trade Administration 15, III; 19, III
National Institute of Standards and Technology 15, II
National Marine Fisheries Service 50, II, IV
National Oceanic and Atmospheric 15, IX; 50, II, III, IV,
Administration VI
National Telecommunications and Information 15, XXIII; 47, III
Administration
National Weather Service 15, IX
Patent and Trademark Office 37, I
Productivity, Technology and Innovation, 37, IV
Assistant Secretary for
Secretary of Commerce, Office of 15, Subtitle A
Technology, Under Secretary for 37, V
Technology Administration 15, XI
Technology Policy, Assistant Secretary for 37, IV
Commercial Space Transportation 14, III
Commodity Credit Corporation 7, XIV
Commodity Futures Trading Commission 5, XLI; 17, I
Community Planning and Development, Office of 24, V, VI
Assistant Secretary for
Community Services, Office of 45, X
Comptroller of the Currency 12, I
Construction Industry Collective Bargaining 29, IX
Commission
Consumer Product Safety Commission 5, LXXI; 16, II
Cooperative State Research, Education, and 7, XXXIV
Extension Service
Copyright Office 37, II
Cost Accounting Standards Board 48, 99
Council on Environmental Quality 40, V
Customs Service, United States 19, I
Defense Contract Audit Agency 32, I
Defense Department 5, XXVI; 32, Subtitle A
Advanced Research Projects Agency 32, I
Air Force Department 32, VII
[[Page 397]]
Army Department 32, V; 33, II; 36, III,
48, 51
Defense Intelligence Agency 32, I
Defense Logistics Agency 32, I, XII; 48, 54
Engineers, Corps of 33, II; 36, III
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 2
National Imagery and Mapping Agency 32, I
Navy Department 32, VI; 48, 52
Secretary of Defense, Office of 32, I
Defense Contract Audit Agency 32, I
Defense Intelligence Agency 32, I
Defense Logistics Agency 32, XII; 48, 54
Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board 10, XVII
Delaware River Basin Commission 18, III
Drug Enforcement Administration 21, II
East-West Foreign Trade Board 15, XIII
Economic Affairs, Under Secretary 37, V
Economic Analysis, Bureau of 15, VIII
Economic Development Administration 13, III
Economic Research Service 7, XXXVII
Education, Department of 5, LIII
Bilingual Education and Minority Languages 34, V
Affairs, Office of
Civil Rights, Office for 34, I
Educational Research and Improvement, Office 34, VII
of
Elementary and Secondary Education, Office of 34, II
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 34
Postsecondary Education, Office of 34, VI
Secretary of Education, Office of 34, Subtitle A
Special Education and Rehabilitative Services, 34, III
Office of
Vocational and Adult Education, Office of 34, IV
Educational Research and Improvement, Office of 34, VII
Elementary and Secondary Education, Office of 34, II
Employees' Compensation Appeals Board 20, IV
Employees Loyalty Board 5, V
Employment and Training Administration 20, V
Employment Standards Administration 20, VI
Endangered Species Committee 50, IV
Energy, Department of 5, XXIII; 10, II, III, X
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 9
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 5, XXIV; 18, I
Property Management Regulations 41, 109
Energy, Office of 7, XXIX
Engineers, Corps of 33, II; 36, III
Engraving and Printing, Bureau of 31, VI
Enrichment Corporation, United States 10, XI
Environmental Protection Agency 5, LIV; 40, I
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 15
Property Management Regulations 41, 115
Environmental Quality, Office of 7, XXXI
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 5, LXII; 29, XIV
Equal Opportunity, Office of Assistant Secretary 24, I
for
Executive Office of the President 3, I
Administration, Office of 5, XV
Environmental Quality, Council on 40, V
Management and Budget, Office of 25, III, LXXVII; 48, 99
National Drug Control Policy, Office of 21, III
National Security Council 32, XXI; 47, 2
Presidential Documents 3
Science and Technology Policy, Office of 32, XXIV; 47, II
Trade Representative, Office of the United 15, XX
States
Export Administration, Bureau of 15, VII
Export-Import Bank of the United States 5, LII; 12, IV
Family Assistance, Office of 45, II
Farm Credit Administration 5, XXXI; 12, VI
Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation 5, XXX; 12, XIV
Farm Service Agency 7, VII, XVIII
[[Page 398]]
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 1
Federal Aviation Administration 14, I
Commercial Space Transportation 14, III
Federal Claims Collection Standards 4, II
Federal Communications Commission 5, XXIX; 47, I
Federal Contract Compliance Programs, Office of 41, 60
Federal Crop Insurance Corporation 7, IV
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 5, XXII; 12, III
Federal Election Commission 11, I
Federal Emergency Management Agency 44, I
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 44
Federal Employees Group Life Insurance Federal 48, 21
Acquisition Regulation
Federal Employees Health Benefits Acquisition 48, 16
Regulation
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 5, XXIV; 18, I
Federal Financial Institutions Examination 12, XI
Council
Federal Financing Bank 12, VIII
Federal Highway Administration 23, I, II; 49, III
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation 1, IV
Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight Office 12, XVII
Federal Housing Finance Board 12, IX
Federal Inspector for the Alaska Natural Gas 10, XV
Transportation System, Office of
Federal Labor Relations Authority, and General 5, XIV; 22, XIV
Counsel of the Federal Labor Relations
Authority
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center 31, VII
Federal Maritime Commission 46, IV
Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service 29, XII
Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission 5, LXXIV; 29, XXVII
Federal Pay, Advisory Committee on 5, IV
Federal Prison Industries, Inc. 28, III
Federal Procurement Policy Office 48, 99
Federal Property Management Regulations 41, 101
Federal Property Management Regulations System 41, Subtitle C
Federal Railroad Administration 49, II
Federal Register, Administrative Committee of 1, I
Federal Register, Office of 1, II
Federal Reserve System 12, II
Board of Governors 5, LVIII
Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board 5, VI, LXXVI
Federal Service Impasses Panel 5, XIV
Federal Trade Commission 5, XLVII; 16, I
Federal Transit Administration 49, VI
Federal Travel Regulation System 41, Subtitle F
Fine Arts, Commission on 45, XXI
Fiscal Service 31, II
Fish and Wildlife Service, United States 50, I, IV
Fishery Conservation and Management 50, VI
Food and Drug Administration 21, I
Food and Consumer Service 7, II
Food Safety and Inspection Service 9, III
Foreign Agricultural Service 7, XV
Foreign Assets Control, Office of 31, V
Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the 45, V
United States
Foreign Service Grievance Board 22, IX
Foreign Service Impasse Disputes Panel 22, XIV
Foreign Service Labor Relations Board 22, XIV
Foreign-Trade Zones Board 15, IV
Forest Service 36, II
General Accounting Office 4, I, II
General Services Administration 5, LVII
Contract Appeals, Board of 48, 61
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 5
Federal Property Management Regulations System 41, 101, 105
Federal Travel Regulation System 41, Subtitle F
Payment From a Non-Federal Source for Travel 41, 304
Expenses
Payment of Expenses Connected With the Death 41, 303
of Certain Employees
[[Page 399]]
Relocation Allowances 41, 302
Travel Allowances 41, 301
Geological Survey 30, IV
Government Ethics, Office of 5, XVI
Government National Mortgage Association 24, III
Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards 7, VIII; 9, II
Administration
Great Lakes Pilotage 46, III
Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation 45, XVIII
Health and Human Services, Department of 5, XLV; 45, Subtitle A
Child Support Enforcement, Office of 45, III
Children and Families, Administration for 45, II, III, IV, X
Community Services, Office of 45, X
Family Assistance, Office of 45, II
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 3
Food and Drug Administration 21, I
Health Care Financing Administration 42, IV
Human Development Services, Office of 45, XIII
Indian Health Service 25, V
Inspector General (Health Care), Office of 42, V
Public Health Service 42, I
Refugee Resettlement, Office of 45, IV
Health Care Financing Administration 42, IV
Housing and Urban Development, Department of 5, LXV; 24, Subtitle B
Community Planning and Development, Office of 24, V, VI
Assistant Secretary for
Equal Opportunity, Office of Assistant 24, I
Secretary for
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 24
Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight, Office 12, XVII
of
Government National Mortgage Association 24, III
Housing--Federal Housing Commissioner, Office 24, II, VIII, X, XX
of Assistant Secretary for
Inspector General, Office of 24, XII
Public and Indian Housing, Office of Assistant 24, IX
Secretary for
Secretary, Office of 24, Subtitle A, VII
Housing--Federal Housing Commissioner, Office of 24, II, VIII, X, XX
Assistant Secretary for
Human Development Services, Office of 45, XIII
Immigration and Naturalization Service 8, I
Independent Counsel, Office of 28, VII
Indian Affairs, Bureau of 25, I, V
Indian Affairs, Office of the Assistant 25, VI
Secretary
Indian Arts and Crafts Board 25, II
Indian Health Service 25, V
Information Agency, United States 22, V
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 19
Information Resources Management, Office of 7, XXVII
Information Security Oversight Office, National 32, XX
Archives and Records Administration
Inspector General
Agriculture Department 7, XXVI
Health and Human Services Department 42, V
Housing and Urban Development Department 24, XII
Institute of Peace, United States 22, XVII
Inter-American Foundation 5, LXIII; 22, X
Intergovernmental Relations, Advisory Commission 5, VII
on
Interior Department
American Indians, Office of the Special 25, VII
Trustee
Endangered Species Committee 50, IV
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 14
Federal Property Management Regulations System 41, 114
Fish and Wildlife Service, United States 50, I, IV
Geological Survey 30, IV
Indian Affairs, Bureau of 25, I, V
Indian Affairs, Office of the Assistant 25, VI
Secretary
Indian Arts and Crafts Board 25, II
Land Management, Bureau of 43, II
Minerals Management Service 30, II
[[Page 400]]
Mines, Bureau of 30, VI
National Indian Gaming Commission 25, III
National Park Service 36, I
Reclamation, Bureau of 43, I
Secretary of the Interior, Office of 43, Subtitle A
Surface Mining and Reclamation Appeals, Board 30, III
of
Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, 30, VII
Office of
Internal Revenue Service 26, I
International Boundary and Water Commission, 22, XI
United States and Mexico, United States
Section
International Development, United States Agency 22, II
for
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 7
International Development Cooperation Agency, 22, XII
United States
International Development, United States 22, II; 48, 7
Agency for
Overseas Private Investment Corporation 5, XXXIII; 22, VII
International Fishing and Related Activities 50, III
International Investment, Office of 31, VIII
International Joint Commission, United States 22, IV
and Canada
International Organizations Employees Loyalty 5, V
Board
International Trade Administration 15, III; 19, III
International Trade Commission, United States 19, II
Interstate Commerce Commission 5, XL
James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation 45, XXIV
Japan-United States Friendship Commission 22, XVI
Joint Board for the Enrollment of Actuaries 20, VIII
Justice Department 5, XXVIII; 28, I
Drug Enforcement Administration 21, II
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 28
Federal Claims Collection Standards 4, II
Federal Prison Industries, Inc. 28, III
Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the 45, V
United States
Immigration and Naturalization Service 8, I
Offices of Independent Counsel 28, VI
Prisons, Bureau of 28, V
Property Management Regulations 41, 128
Labor Department 5, XLII
Benefits Review Board 20, VII
Employees' Compensation Appeals Board 20, IV
Employment and Training Administration 20, V
Employment Standards Administration 20, VI
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 29
Federal Contract Compliance Programs, Office 41, 60
of
Federal Procurement Regulations System 41, 50
Labor-Management Standards, Office of 29, II, IV
Mine Safety and Health Administration 30, I
Occupational Safety and Health Administration 29, XVII
Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration 29, XXV
Public Contracts 41, 50
Secretary of Labor, Office of 29, Subtitle A
Veterans' Employment and Training, Office of 41, 61; 20, IX
the Assistant Secretary for
Wage and Hour Division 29, V
Workers' Compensation Programs, Office of 20, I
Labor-Management Standards, Office of 29, II, IV
Land Management, Bureau of 43, II
Legal Services Corporation 45, XVI
Library of Congress 36, VII
Copyright Office 37, II
Management and Budget, Office of 5, III, LXXVII; 48, 99
Marine Mammal Commission 50, V
Maritime Administration 46, II
Merit Systems Protection Board 5, II
Micronesian Status Negotiations, Office for 32, XXVII
Mine Safety and Health Administration 30, I
Minerals Management Service 30, II
[[Page 401]]
Mines, Bureau of 30, VI
Minority Business Development Agency 15, XIV
Miscellaneous Agencies 1, IV
Monetary Offices 31, I
National Aeronautics and Space Administration 5, LIX; 14, V
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 18
National Agricultural Library 7, XLI
National Agricultural Statistics Service 7, XXXVI
National Archives and Records Administration 5, LXVI; 36, XII
Information Security Oversight Office 32, XX
National Bureau of Standards 15, II
National Capital Planning Commission 1, IV
National Commission for Employment Policy 1, IV
National Commission on Libraries and Information 45, XVII
Science
National and Community Service, Corporation for 45, XXV
National Council on Disability 34, XII
National Credit Union Administration 12, VII
National Drug Control Policy, Office of 21, III
National Foundation on the Arts and the 45, XI
Humanities
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 23, II, III; 49, V
National Imagery and Mapping Agency 32, I
National Indian Gaming Commission 25, III
National Institute for Literacy 34, XI
National Institute of Standards and Technology 15, II
National Labor Relations Board 5, LXI; 29, I
National Marine Fisheries Service 50, II, IV
National Mediation Board 29, X
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 15, IX; 50, II, III, IV,
VI
National Park Service 36, I
National Railroad Adjustment Board 29, III
National Railroad Passenger Corporation (AMTRAK) 49, VII
National Science Foundation 5, XLIII; 45, VI
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 25
National Security Council 32, XXI
National Security Council and Office of Science 47, II
and Technology Policy
National Telecommunications and Information 15, XXIII; 47, III
Administration
National Transportation Safety Board 49, VIII
National Weather Service 15, IX
Natural Resources Conservation Service 7, VI
Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation, Office of 25, IV
Navy Department 32, VI
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 52
Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation 24, XXV
Northeast Dairy Compact Commission 7, XIII
Nuclear Regulatory Commission 5, XLVIII; 10, I
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 20
Occupational Safety and Health Administration 29, XVII
Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission 29, XX
Offices of Independent Counsel 28, VI
Operations Office 7, XXVIII
Overseas Private Investment Corporation 5, XXXIII; 22, VII
Panama Canal Commission 48, 35
Panama Canal Regulations 35, I
Patent and Trademark Office 37, I
Payment From a Non-Federal Source for Travel 41, 304
Expenses
Payment of Expenses Connected With the Death of 41, 303
Certain Employees
Peace Corps 22, III
Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation 36, IX
Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration 29, XXV
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation 29, XL
Personnel Management, Office of 5, I, XXXV; 45, VIII
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 17
Federal Employees Group Life Insurance Federal 48, 21
Acquisition Regulation
[[Page 402]]
Federal Employees Health Benefits Acquisition 48, 16
Regulation
Postal Rate Commission 5, XLVI; 39, III
Postal Service, United States 5, LX; 39, I
Postsecondary Education, Office of 34, VI
President's Commission on White House 1, IV
Fellowships
Presidential Commission on the Assignment of 32, XXIX
Women in the Armed Forces
Presidential Documents 3
Prisons, Bureau of 28, V
Productivity, Technology and Innovation, 37, IV
Assistant Secretary
Public Contracts, Department of Labor 41, 50
Public and Indian Housing, Office of Assistant 24, IX
Secretary for
Public Health Service 42, I
Railroad Retirement Board 20, II
Reclamation, Bureau of 43, I
Refugee Resettlement, Office of 45, IV
Regional Action Planning Commissions 13, V
Relocation Allowances 41, 302
Research and Special Programs Administration 49, I
Rural Business-Cooperative Service 7, XVIII, XLII
Rural Development Administration 7, XLII
Rural Housing Service 7, XVIII, XXXV
Rural Telephone Bank 7, XVI
Rural Utilities Service 7, XVII, XVIII, XLII
Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation 33, IV
Science and Technology Policy, Office of 32, XXIV
Science and Technology Policy, Office of, and 47, II
National Security Council
Secret Service 31, IV
Securities and Exchange Commission 17, II
Selective Service System 32, XVI
Small Business Administration 13, I
Smithsonian Institution 36, V
Social Security Administration 20, III; 48, 23
Soldiers' and Airmen's Home, United States 5, XI
Special Counsel, Office of 5, VIII
Special Education and Rehabilitative Services, 34, III
Office of
State Department 22, I
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 6
Surface Mining and Reclamation Appeals, Board of 30, III
Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, 30, VII
Office of
Surface Transportation Board 49, X
Susquehanna River Basin Commission 18, VIII
Technology Administration 15, XI
Technology Policy, Assistant Secretary for 37, IV
Technology, Under Secretary for 37, V
Tennessee Valley Authority 5, LXIX; 18, XIII
Thrift Depositor Protection Oversight Board 12, XV
Thrift Supervision Office, Department of the 12, V
Treasury
Trade Representative, United States, Office of 15, XX
Transportation, Department of 5, L
Coast Guard 33, I; 46, I; 49, IV
Commercial Space Transportation 14, III
Contract Appeals, Board of 48, 63
Emergency Management and Assistance 44, IV
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 12
Federal Aviation Administration 14, I
Federal Highway Administration 23, I, II; 49, III
Federal Railroad Administration 49, II
Federal Transit Administration 49, VI
Maritime Administration 46, II
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 23, II, III; 49, V
Research and Special Programs Administration 49, I
Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation 33, IV
Secretary of Transportation, Office of 14, II; 49, Subtitle A
Surface Transportation Board 49, X
[[Page 403]]
Transportation, Office of 7, XXXIII
Travel Allowances 41, 301
Treasury Department 5, XXI; 17, IV
Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, Bureau of 27, I
Community Development Financial Institutions 12, XVIII
Fund
Comptroller of the Currency 12, I
Customs Service, United States 19, I
Engraving and Printing, Bureau of 31, VI
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 10
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center 31, VII
Fiscal Service 31, II
Foreign Assets Control, Office of 31, V
Internal Revenue Service 26, I
International Investment, Office of 31, VIII
Monetary Offices 31, I
Secret Service 31, IV
Secretary of the Treasury, Office of 31, Subtitle A
Thrift Supervision, Office of 12, V
Truman, Harry S. Scholarship Foundation 45, XVIII
United States and Canada, International Joint 22, IV
Commission
United States and Mexico, International Boundary 22, XI
and Water Commission, United States Section
United States Enrichment Corporation 10, XI
Utah Reclamation Mitigation and Conservation 43, III
Commission
Veterans Affairs Department 38, I
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 8
Veterans' Employment and Training, Office of the 41, 61; 20, IX
Assistant Secretary for
Vice President of the United States, Office of 32, XXVIII
Vocational and Adult Education, Office of 34, IV
Wage and Hour Division 29, V
Water Resources Council 18, VI
Workers' Compensation Programs, Office of 20, I
World Agricultural Outlook Board 7, XXXVIII