[Title 40 CFR ]
[Code of Federal Regulations (annual edition) - July 1, 2016 Edition]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[[Page i]]
Title 40
Protection of Environment
________________________
Part 60 (Sec. 60.500 to end of part 60 sections)
Revised as of July 1, 2016
Containing a codification of documents of general
applicability and future effect
As of July 1, 2016
Published by the Office of the Federal Register
National Archives and Records Administration as a
Special Edition of the Federal Register
[[Page ii]]
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[[Page iii]]
As of July 1, 2016
Title 40, Part 60 (Sec. 60.1-end of part 60 sections)
Revised as of July 1, 2015
Is Replaced by
Title 40, Part 60 (Secs. 60.1-60.499)
and
Part 60 (Sec. 60.500-end of part 60 sections)
[[Page v]]
Table of Contents
Page
Explanation................................................. vii
Title 40:
Chapter I--Environmental Protection Agency 3
Finding Aids:
Table of CFR Titles and Chapters........................ 853
Alphabetical List of Agencies Appearing in the CFR...... 873
List of CFR Sections Affected........................... 883
[[Page vi]]
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Cite this Code: CFR
To cite the regulations in
this volume use title,
part and section number.
Thus, 40 CFR 60.500 refers
to title 40, part 60,
section 500.
----------------------------
[[Page vii]]
EXPLANATION
The Code of Federal Regulations is a codification of the general and
permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the Executive
departments and agencies of the Federal Government. The Code is divided
into 50 titles which represent broad areas subject to Federal
regulation. Each title is divided into chapters which usually bear the
name of the issuing agency. Each chapter is further subdivided into
parts covering specific regulatory areas.
Each volume of the Code is revised at least once each calendar year
and issued on a quarterly basis approximately as follows:
Title 1 through Title 16.................................as of January 1
Title 17 through Title 27..................................as of April 1
Title 28 through Title 41...................................as of July 1
Title 42 through Title 50................................as of October 1
The appropriate revision date is printed on the cover of each
volume.
LEGAL STATUS
The contents of the Federal Register are required to be judicially
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evidence of the text of the original documents (44 U.S.C. 1510).
HOW TO USE THE CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS
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OMB CONTROL NUMBERS
The Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 (Pub. L. 96-511) requires
Federal agencies to display an OMB control number with their information
collection request.
[[Page viii]]
Many agencies have begun publishing numerous OMB control numbers as
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``[RESERVED]'' TERMINOLOGY
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INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
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(a) The incorporation will substantially reduce the volume of
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(b) The matter incorporated is in fact available to the extent
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(c) The incorporating document is drafted and submitted for
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CFR INDEXES AND TABULAR GUIDES
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alphabetical list of agencies publishing in the CFR are also included in
this volume.
[[Page ix]]
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Oliver A. Potts,
Director,
Office of the Federal Register.
July 1, 2016.
[[Page xi]]
THIS TITLE
Title 40--Protection of Environment is composed of thirty-seven
volumes. The parts in these volumes are arranged in the following order:
Parts 1-49, parts 50-51, part 52 (52.01-52.1018), part 52 (52.1019-
52.2019), part 52 (52.2020-end of part 52), parts 53-59, part 60 (60.1-
60.499) , part 60 (60.500-end of part 60, sections), part 60
(Appendices), parts 61-62, part 63 (63.1-63.599), part 63 (63.600-
63.1199), part 63 (63.1200-63.1439), part 63 (63.1440-63.6175), part 63
(63.6580-63.8830), part 63 (63.8980-end of part 63), parts 64-71, parts
72-79, part 80, part 81, parts 82-86, parts 87-95, parts 96-99, parts
100-135, parts 136-149, parts 150-189, parts 190-259, parts 260-265,
parts 266-299, parts 300-399, parts 400-424, parts 425-699, parts 700-
722, parts 723-789, parts 790-999, parts 1000-1059, and parts 1060 to
end. The contents of these volumes represent all current regulations
codified under this title of the CFR as of July 1, 2016.
Chapter I--Environmental Protection Agency appears in all thirty-
seven volumes. Regulations issued by the Council on Environmental
Quality, including an Index to Parts 1500 through 1508, appear in the
volume containing parts 1060 to end. The OMB control numbers for title
40 appear in Sec. 9.1 of this chapter.
For this volume, Ann Worley was Chief Editor. The Code of Federal
Regulations publication program is under the direction of John Hyrum
Martinez, assisted by Stephen J. Frattini.
[[Page 1]]
TITLE 40--PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT
(This book contains part 60, Sec. 60.500 to end of part 60 sections)
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Part
chapter i--Environmental Protection Agency (Continued)...... 60
[[Page 3]]
CHAPTER I--ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Editorial Note: Nomenclature changes to chapter I appear at 65 FR
47324, 47325, Aug. 2, 2000; 66 FR 34375, 34376, June 28, 2001.
SUBCHAPTER C--AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED)
Part Page
60 Standards of performance for new stationary
sources (Continued)..................... 5
[[Page 5]]
SUBCHAPTER C_AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED)
PART 60_STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES
(CONTINUED)--Table of Contents
Subpart XX_Standards of Performance for Bulk Gasoline Terminals
Sec.
60.500 Applicability and designation of affected facility.
60.501 Definitions.
60.502 Standards for Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) emissions from bulk
gasoline terminals.
60.503 Test methods and procedures.
60.504 [Reserved]
60.505 Reporting and recordkeeping.
60.506 Reconstruction.
Subpart AAA_Standards of Performance for New Residential Wood Heaters
60.530 Am I subject to this subpart?
60.531 What definitions must I know?
60.532 What standards and associated requirements must I meet and by
when?
60.533 What compliance and certification requirements must I meet and by
when?
60.534 What test methods and procedures must I use to determine
compliance with the standards and requirements for
certification?
60.535 What procedures must I use for EPA approval of a test laboratory
or EPA approval of a third-party certifier?
60.536 What requirements must I meet for permanent labels, temporary
labels (hangtags), and owner's manuals?
60.537 What records must I keep and what reports must I submit?
60.538 What activities are prohibited under this subpart?
60.539 What hearing and appeal procedures apply to me?
60.539a Who implements and enforces this subpart?
60.539b What parts of the General Provisions do not apply to me?
Subpart BBB_Standards of Performance for the Rubber Tire Manufacturing
Industry
60.540 Applicability and designation of affected facilities.
60.541 Definitions.
60.542 Standards for volatile organic compounds.
60.542a Alternate standard for volatile organic compounds.
60.543 Performance test and compliance provisions.
60.544 Monitoring of operations.
60.545 Recordkeeping requirements.
60.546 Reporting requirements.
60.547 Test methods and procedures.
60.548 Delegation of authority.
Subpart CCC [Reserved]
Subpart DDD_Standards of Performance for Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)
Emissions from the Polymer Manufacturing Industry
60.560 Applicability and designation of affected facilities.
60.561 Definitions.
60.562-1 Standards: Process emissions.
60.562-2 Standards: Equipment leaks of VOC.
60.563 Monitoring requirements.
60.564 Test methods and procedures.
60.565 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
60.566 Delegation of authority.
Subpart EEE [Reserved]
Subpart FFF_Standards of Performance for Flexible Vinyl and Urethane
Coating and Printing
60.580 Applicability and designation of affected facility.
60.581 Definitions and symbols.
60.582 Standard for volatile organic compounds.
60.583 Test methods and procedures.
60.584 Monitoring of operations and recordkeeping requirements.
60.585 Reporting requirements.
Subpart GGG_Standards of Performance for Equipment Leaks of VOC in
Petroleum Refineries for Which Construction, Reconstruction, or
Modification Commenced After January 4, 1983, and on or Before November
7, 2006
60.590 Applicability and designation of affected facility.
60.591 Definitions.
60.592 Standards.
60.593 Exceptions.
Subpart GGGa_Standards of Performance for Equipment Leaks of VOC in
Petroleum Refineries for Which Construction, Reconstruction, or
Modification Commenced After November 7, 2006
60.590a Applicability and designation of affected facility.
[[Page 6]]
60.591a Definitions.
60.592a Standards.
60.593a Exceptions.
Subpart HHH_Standards of Performance for Synthetic Fiber Production
Facilities
60.600 Applicability and designation of affected facility.
60.601 Definitions.
60.602 Standard for volatile organic compounds.
60.603 Performance test and compliance provisions.
60.604 Reporting requirements.
Subpart III_Standards of Performance for Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)
Emissions From the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry
(SOCMI) Air Oxidation Unit Processes
60.610 Applicability and designation of affected facility.
60.611 Definitions.
60.612 Standards.
60.613 Monitoring of emissions and operations.
60.614 Test methods and procedures.
60.615 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
60.616 Reconstruction.
60.617 Chemicals affected by subpart III.
60.618 Delegation of authority.
Subpart JJJ_Standards of Performance for Petroleum Dry Cleaners
60.620 Applicability and designation of affected facility.
60.621 Definitions.
60.622 Standards for volatile organic compounds.
60.623 Equivalent equipment and procedures.
60.624 Test methods and procedures.
60.625 Recordkeeping requirements.
Subpart KKK_Standards of Performance for Equipment Leaks of VOC From
Onshore Natural Gas Processing Plants for Which Construction,
Reconstruction, or Modification Commenced After January 20, 1984, and on
or Before August 23, 2011
60.630 Applicability and designation of affected facility.
60.631 Definitions.
60.632 Standards.
60.633 Exceptions.
60.634 Alternative means of emission limitation.
60.635 Recordkeeping requirements.
60.636 Reporting requirements.
Subpart LLL_Standards of Performance for SO2 Emissions From Onshore
Natural Gas Processing for Which Construction, Reconstruction, or
Modification Commenced After January 20, 1984, and on or Before August
23, 2011
60.640 Applicability and designation of affected facilities.
60.641 Definitions.
60.642 Standards for sulfur dioxide.
60.643 Compliance provisions.
60.644 Test methods and procedures.
60.645 [Reserved]
60.646 Monitoring of emissions and operations.
60.647 Recordkeeping and reporting requirements.
60.648 Optional procedure for measuring hydrogen sulfide in acid gas--
Tutwiler Procedure.
Subpart MMM [Reserved]
Subpart NNN_Standards of Performance for Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)
Emissions From Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI)
Distillation Operations
60.660 Applicability and designation of affected facility.
60.661 Definitions.
60.662 Standards.
60.663 Monitoring of emissions and operations.
60.664 Test methods and procedures.
60.665 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
60.666 Reconstruction.
60.667 Chemicals affected by subpart NNN.
60.668 Delegation of authority.
Subpart OOO_Standards of Performance for Nonmetallic Mineral Processing
Plants
60.670 Applicability and designation of affected facility.
60.671 Definitions.
60.672 Standard for particulate matter (PM).
60.673 Reconstruction.
60.674 Monitoring of operations.
60.675 Test methods and procedures.
60.676 Reporting and recordkeeping.
Table 1 to Subpart OOO of Part 60--Exceptions to Applicability of
Subpart A to Subpart OOO
Table 2 to Subpart OOO of Part 60--Stack Emission Limits for Affected
Facilities With Capture Systems
[[Page 7]]
Table 3 to Subpart OOO of Part 60--Fugitive Emission Limits
Subpart PPP_Standard of Performance for Wool Fiberglass Insulation
Manufacturing Plants
60.680 Applicability and designation of affected facility.
60.681 Definitions.
60.682 Standard for particulate matter.
60.683 Monitoring of operations.
60.684 Recordkeeping and reporting requirements.
60.685 Test methods and procedures.
Subpart QQQ_Standards of Performance for VOC Emissions From Petroleum
Refinery Wastewater Systems
60.690 Applicability and designation of affected facility.
60.691 Definitions.
60.692-1 Standards: General.
60.692-2 Standards: Individual drain systems.
60.692-3 Standards: Oil-water separators.
60.692-4 Standards: Aggregate facility.
60.692-5 Standards: Closed vent systems and control devices.
60.692-6 Standards: Delay of repair.
60.692-7 Standards: Delay of compliance.
60.693-1 Alternative standards for individual drain systems.
60.693-2 Alternative standards for oil-water separators.
60.694 Permission to use alternative means of emission limitation.
60.695 Monitoring of operations.
60.696 Performance test methods and procedures and compliance
provisions.
60.697 Recordkeeping requirements.
60.698 Reporting requirements.
60.699 Delegation of authority.
Subpart RRR_Standards of Performance for Volatile Organic Compound
Emissions from Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI)
Reactor Processes
60.700 Applicability and designation of affected facility.
60.701 Definitions.
60.702 Standards.
60.703 Monitoring of emissions and operations.
60.704 Test methods and procedures.
60.705 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
60.706 Reconstruction.
60.707 Chemicals affected by subpart RRR.
60.708 Delegation of authority.
Subpart SSS_Standards of Performance for Magnetic Tape Coating
Facilities
60.710 Applicability and designation of affected facility.
60.711 Definitions, symbols, and cross-reference tables.
60.712 Standards for volatile organic compounds.
60.713 Compliance provisions.
60.714 Installation of monitoring devices and recordkeeping.
60.715 Test methods and procedures.
60.716 Permission to use alternative means of emission limitation.
60.717 Reporting and monitoring requirements.
60.718 Delegation of authority.
Subpart TTT_Standards of Performance for Industrial Surface Coating:
Surface Coating of Plastic Parts for Business Machines
60.720 Applicability and designation of affected facility.
60.721 Definitions.
60.722 Standards for volatile organic compounds.
60.723 Performance test and compliance provisions.
60.724 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
60.725 Test methods and procedures.
60.726 Delegation of authority.
Subpart UUU_Standards of Performance for Calciners and Dryers in Mineral
Industries
60.730 Applicability and designation of affected facility.
60.731 Definitions.
60.732 Standards for particulate matter.
60.733 Reconstruction.
60.734 Monitoring of emissions and operations.
60.735 Recordkeeping and reporting requirements.
60.736 Test methods and procedures.
60.737 Delegation of authority.
Subpart VVV_Standards of Performance for Polymeric Coating of Supporting
Substrates Facilities
60.740 Applicability and designation of affected facility.
60.741 Definitions, symbols, and cross-reference tables.
60.742 Standards for volatile organic compounds.
60.743 Compliance provisions.
60.744 Monitoring requirements.
60.745 Test methods and procedures.
60.746 Permission to use alternative means of emission limitation.
[[Page 8]]
60.747 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
60.748 Delegation of authority.
Subpart WWW_Standards of Performance for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills
60.750 Applicability, designation of affected facility, and delegation
of authority.
60.751 Definitions.
60.752 Standards for air emissions from municipal solid waste landfills.
60.753 Operational standards for collection and control systems.
60.754 Test methods and procedures.
60.755 Compliance provisions.
60.756 Monitoring of operations.
60.757 Reporting requirements.
60.758 Recordkeeping requirements.
60.759 Specifications for active collection systems.
Subpart AAAA_Standards of Performance for Small Municipal Waste
Combustion Units for Which Construction is Commenced After August 30,
1999 or for Which Modification or Reconstruction is Commenced After June
6, 2001
Introduction
60.1000 What does this subpart do?
60.1005 When does this subpart become effective?
Applicability
60.1010 Does this subpart apply to my municipal waste combustion unit?
60.1015 What is a new municipal waste combustion unit?
60.1020 Does this subpart allow any exemptions?
60.1025 Do subpart E new source performance standards also apply to my
municipal waste combustion unit?
60.1030 Can the Administrator delegate authority to enforce these
Federal new source performance standards to a State agency?
60.1035 How are these new source performance standards structured?
60.1040 Do all five components of these new source performance standards
apply at the same time?
60.1045 Are there different subcategories of small municipal waste
combustion units within this subpart?
Preconstruction Requirements: Materials Separation Plan
60.1050 Who must submit a materials separation plan?
60.1055 What is a materials separation plan?
60.1060 What steps must I complete for my materials separation plan?
60.1065 What must I include in my draft materials separation plan?
60.1070 How do I make my draft materials separation plan available to
the public?
60.1075 When must I accept comments on the materials separation plan?
60.1080 Where and when must I hold a public meeting on my draft
materials separation plan?
60.1085 What must I do with any public comments I receive during the
public comment period on my draft materials separation plan?
60.1090 What must I do with my revised materials separation plan?
60.1095 What must I include in the public meeting on my revised
materials separation plan?
60.1100 What must I do with any public comments I receive on my revised
materials separation plan?
60.1105 How do I submit my final materials separation plan?
Preconstruction Requirements: Siting Analysis
60.1110 Who must submit a siting analysis?
60.1115 What is a siting analysis?
60.1120 What steps must I complete for my siting analysis?
60.1125 What must I include in my siting analysis?
60.1130 How do I make my siting analysis available to the public?
60.1135 When must I accept comments on the siting analysis and revised
materials separation plan?
60.1140 Where and when must I hold a public meeting on the siting
analysis?
60.1145 What must I do with any public comments I receive during the
public comment period on my siting analysis?
60.1150 How do I submit my siting analysis?
Good Combustion Practices: Operator Training
60.1155 What types of training must I do?
60.1160 Who must complete the operator training course? By when?
60.1165 Who must complete the plant-specific training course?
60.1170 What plant-specific training must I provide?
60.1175 What information must I include in the plant-specific operating
manual?
60.1180 Where must I keep the plant-specific operating manual?
Good Combustion Practices: Operator Certification
60.1185 What types of operator certification must the chief facility
operator and shift supervisor obtain and by when must they
obtain it?
60.1190 After the required date for operator certification, who may
operate the municipal waste combustion unit?
[[Page 9]]
60.1195 What if all the certified operators must be temporarily offsite?
Good Combustion Practices: Operating Requirements
60.1200 What are the operating practice requirements for my municipal
waste combustion unit?
60.1205 What happens to the operating requirements during periods of
startup, shutdown, and malfunction?
Emission Limits
60.1210 What pollutants are regulated by this subpart?
60.1215 What emission limits must I meet? By when?
60.1220 What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup,
shutdown, and malfunction?
Continuous Emission Monitoring
60.1225 What types of continuous emission monitoring must I perform?
60.1230 What continuous emission monitoring systems must I install for
gaseous pollutants?
60.1235 How are the data from the continuous emission monitoring systems
used?
60.1240 How do I make sure my continuous emission monitoring systems are
operating correctly?
60.1245 Am I exempt from any appendix B or appendix F requirements to
evaluate continuous emission monitoring systems?
60.1250 What is my schedule for evaluating continuous emission
monitoring systems?
60.1255 What must I do if I choose to monitor carbon dioxide instead of
oxygen as a diluent gas?
60.1260 What is the minimum amount of monitoring data I must collect
with my continuous emission monitoring systems and is the data
collection requirement enforceable?
60.1265 How do I convert my 1-hour arithmetic averages into the
appropriate averaging times and units?
60.1270 What is required for my continuous opacity monitoring system and
how are the data used?
60.1275 What additional requirements must I meet for the operation of my
continuous emission monitoring systems and continuous opacity
monitoring system?
60.1280 What must I do if any of my continuous emission monitoring
systems are temporarily unavailable to meet the data
collection requirements?
Stack Testing
60.1285 What types of stack tests must I conduct?
60.1290 How are the stack test data used?
60.1295 What schedule must I follow for the stack testing?
60.1300 What test methods must I use to stack test?
60.1305 May I conduct stack testing less often?
60.1310 May I deviate from the 13-month testing schedule if unforeseen
circumstances arise?
Other Monitoring Requirements
60.1315 Must I meet other requirements for continuous monitoring?
60.1320 How do I monitor the load of my municipal waste combustion unit?
60.1325 How do I monitor the temperature of flue gases at the inlet of
my particulate matter control device?
60.1330 How do I monitor the injection rate of activated carbon?
60.1335 What is the minimum amount of monitoring data I must collect
with my continuous parameter monitoring systems and is the
data collection requirement enforceable?
Recordkeeping
60.1340 What records must I keep?
60.1345 Where must I keep my records and for how long?
60.1350 What records must I keep for the materials separation plan and
siting analysis?
60.1355 What records must I keep for operator training and
certification?
60.1360 What records must I keep for stack tests?
60.1365 What records must I keep for continuously monitored pollutants
or parameters?
60.1370 What records must I keep for municipal waste combustion units
that use activated carbon?
Reporting
60.1375 What reports must I submit before I submit my notice of
construction?
60.1380 What must I include in my notice of construction?
60.1385 What reports must I submit after I submit my notice of
construction and in what form?
60.1390 What are the appropriate units of measurement for reporting my
data?
60.1395 When must I submit the initial report?
60.1400 What must I include in my initial report?
60.1405 When must I submit the annual report?
60.1410 What must I include in my annual report?
60.1415 What must I do if I am out of compliance with the requirements
of this subpart?
[[Page 10]]
60.1420 If a semiannual report is required, when must I submit it?
60.1425 What must I include in the semiannual out-of-compliance reports?
60.1430 Can reporting dates be changed?
Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn 100 Percent Yard Waste
60.1435 What is an air curtain incinerator?
60.1440 What is yard waste?
60.1445 What are the emission limits for air curtain incinerators that
burn 100 percent yard waste?
60.1450 How must I monitor opacity for air curtain incinerators that
burn 100 percent yard waste?
60.1455 What are the recordkeeping and reporting requirements for air
curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste?
Equations
60.1460 What equations must I use?
Definitions
60.1465 What definitions must I know?
Table 1 to Subpart AAAA of Part 60--Emission Limits For New Small
Municipal Waste Combustion Units
Table 2 to Subpart AAAA of Part 60--Carbon Monoxide Emission Limits For
New Small Municipal Waste Combustion Units
Table 3 to Subpart AAAA of Part 60--Requirements For Validating
Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS)
Table 4 to Subpart AAAA of Part 60--Requirements For Continuous Emission
Monitoring Systems (CEMS)
Table 5 to Subpart AAAA of Part 60--Requirements For Stack Tests
Subpart BBBB_Emission Guidelines and Compliance Times for Small
Municipal Waste Combustion Units Constructed on or Before August 30,
1999
Introduction
60.1500 What is the purpose of this subpart?
60.1505 Am I affected by this subpart?
60.1510 Is a State plan required for all States?
60.1515 What must I include in my State plan?
60.1520 Is there an approval process for my State plan?
60.1525 What if my State plan is not approvable?
60.1530 Is there an approval process for a negative declaration letter?
60.1535 What compliance schedule must I include in my State plan?
60.1540 Are there any State plan requirements for this subpart that
supersede the requirements specified in subpart B?
60.1545 Does this subpart directly affect municipal waste combustion
unit owners and operators in my State?
Applicability of State Plans
60.1550 What municipal waste combustion units must I address in my State
plan?
60.1555 Are any small municipal waste combustion units exempt from my
State plan?
60.1560 Can an affected municipal waste combustion unit reduce its
capacity to less than 35 tons per day rather than comply with
my State plan?
60.1565 What subcategories of small municipal waste combustion units
must I include in my State plan?
Use of Model Rule
60.1570 What is the ``model rule'' in this subpart?
60.1575 How does the model rule relate to the required elements of my
State plan?
60.1580 What are the principal components of the model rule?
Model Rule--Increments of Progress
60.1585 What are my requirements for meeting increments of progress and
achieving final compliance?
60.1590 When must I complete each increment of progress?
60.1595 What must I include in the notifications of achievement of my
increments of progress?
60.1600 When must I submit the notifications of achievement of
increments of progress?
60.1605 What if I do not meet an increment of progress?
60.1610 How do I comply with the increment of progress for submittal of
a control plan?
60.1615 How do I comply with the increment of progress for awarding
contracts?
60.1620 How do I comply with the increment of progress for initiating
onsite construction?
60.1625 How do I comply with the increment of progress for completing
onsite construction?
60.1630 How do I comply with the increment of progress for achieving
final compliance?
60.1635 What must I do if I close my municipal waste combustion unit and
then restart my municipal waste combustion unit?
60.1640 What must I do if I plan to permanently close my municipal waste
combustion unit and not restart it?
Model Rule--Good Combustion Practices: Operator Training
60.1645 What types of training must I do?
[[Page 11]]
60.1650 Who must complete the operator training course? By when?
60.1655 Who must complete the plant-specific training course?
60.1660 What plant-specific training must I provide?
60.1665 What information must I include in the plant-specific operating
manual?
60.1670 Where must I keep the plant-specific operating manual?
Model Rule--Good Combustion Practices: Operator Certification
60.1675 What types of operator certification must the chief facility
operator and shift supervisor obtain and by when must they
obtain it?
60.1680 After the required date for operator certification, who may
operate the municipal waste combustion unit?
60.1685 What if all the certified operators must be temporarily offsite?
Model Rule--Good Combustion Practices: Operating Requirements
60.1690 What are the operating practice requirements for my municipal
waste combustion unit?
60.1695 What happens to the operating requirements during periods of
startup, shutdown, and malfunction?
Model Rule--Emission Limits
60.1700 What pollutants are regulated by this subpart?
60.1705 What emission limits must I meet? By when?
60.1710 What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup,
shutdown, and malfunction?
Model Rule--Continuous Emission Monitoring
60.1715 What types of continuous emission monitoring must I perform?
60.1720 What continuous emission monitoring systems must I install for
gaseous pollutants?
60.1725 How are the data from the continuous emission monitoring systems
used?
60.1730 How do I make sure my continuous emission monitoring systems are
operating correctly?
60.1735 Am I exempt from any appendix B or appendix F requirements to
evaluate continuous emission monitoring systems?
60.1740 What is my schedule for evaluating continuous emission
monitoring systems?
60.1745 What must I do if I choose to monitor carbon dioxide instead of
oxygen as a diluent gas?
60.1750 What is the minimum amount of monitoring data I must collect
with my continuous emission monitoring systems and is the data
collection requirement enforceable?
60.1755 How do I convert my 1-hour arithmetic averages into appropriate
averaging times and units?
60.1760 What is required for my continuous opacity monitoring system and
how are the data used?
60.1765 What additional requirements must I meet for the operation of my
continuous emission monitoring systems and continuous opacity
monitoring system?
60.1770 What must I do if any of my continuous emission monitoring
systems are temporarily unavailable to meet the data
collection requirements?
Model Rule--Stack Testing
60.1775 What types of stack tests must I conduct?
60.1780 How are the stack test data used?
60.1785 What schedule must I follow for the stack testing?
60.1790 What test methods must I use to stack test?
60.1795 May I conduct stack testing less often?
60.1800 May I deviate from the 13-month testing schedule if unforeseen
circumstances arise?
Model Rule--Other Monitoring Requirements
60.1805 Must I meet other requirements for continuous monitoring?
60.1810 How do I monitor the load of my municipal waste combustion unit?
60.1815 How do I monitor the temperature of flue gases at the inlet of
my particulate matter control device?
60.1820 How do I monitor the injection rate of activated carbon?
60.1825 What is the minimum amount of monitoring data I must collect
with my continuous parameter monitoring systems and is the
data collection requirement enforceable?
Model Rule--Recordkeeping
60.1830 What records must I keep?
60.1835 Where must I keep my records and for how long?
60.1840 What records must I keep for operator training and
certification?
60.1845 What records must I keep for stack tests?
60.1850 What records must I keep for continuously monitored pollutants
or parameters?
60.1855 What records must I keep for municipal waste combustion units
that use activated carbon?
Model Rule--Reporting
60.1860 What reports must I submit and in what form?
[[Page 12]]
60.1865 What are the appropriate units of measurement for reporting my
data?
60.1870 When must I submit the initial report?
60.1875 What must I include in my initial report?
60.1880 When must I submit the annual report?
60.1885 What must I include in my annual report?
60.1890 What must I do if I am out of compliance with the requirements
of this subpart?
60.1895 If a semiannual report is required, when must I submit it?
60.1900 What must I include in the semiannual out-of-compliance reports?
60.1905 Can reporting dates be changed?
Model Rule--Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn 100 Percent Yard Waste
60.1910 What is an air curtain incinerator?
60.1915 What is yard waste?
60.1920 What are the emission limits for air curtain incinerators that
burn 100 percent yard waste?
60.1925 How must I monitor opacity for air curtain incinerators that
burn 100 percent yard waste?
60.1930 What are the recordkeeping and reporting requirements for air
curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste?
Equations
60.1935 What equations must I use?
Definitions
60.1940 What definitions must I know?
Table 1 to Subpart BBBB of Part 60--Model Rule--Compliance Schedules and
Increments of Progress
Table 2 to Subpart BBBB of Part 60--Model Rule--Class I Emission Limits
For Existing Small Municipal Waste Combustion Units
Table 3 to Subpart BBBB of Part 60--Model Rule--Class I Nitrogen Oxides
Emission Limits For Existing Small Municipal Waste Combustion
Units
Table 4 to Subpart BBBB of Part 60--Model Rule--Class II Emission Limits
For Existing Small Municipal Waste Combustion Units
Table 5 to Subpart BBBB of Part 60--Model Rule--Carbon Monoxide Emission
Limits For Existing Small Municipal Waste Combustion Units
Table 6 to Subpart BBBB of Part 60--Model Rule--Requirements for
Validating Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS)
Table 7 to Subpart BBBB of Part 60--Model Rule--Requirements for
Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS)
Table 8 to Subpart BBBB of Part 60--Model Rule--Requirements for Stack
Tests
Subpart CCCC_Standards of Performance for Commercial and Industrial
Solid Waste Incineration Units
Introduction
60.2000 What does this subpart do?
60.2005 When does this subpart become effective?
Applicability
60.2010 Does this subpart apply to my incineration unit?
60.2015 What is a new incineration unit?
60.2020 What combustion units are exempt from this subpart?
60.2030 Who implements and enforces this subpart?
60.2035 How are these new source performance standards structured?
60.2040 Do all eleven components of the new source performance standards
apply at the same time?
Preconstruction Siting Analysis
60.2045 Who must prepare a siting analysis?
60.2050 What is a siting analysis?
Waste Management Plan
60.2055 What is a waste management plan?
60.2060 When must I submit my waste management plan?
60.2065 What should I include in my waste management plan?
Operator Training and Qualification
60.2070 What are the operator training and qualification requirements?
60.2075 When must the operator training course be completed?
60.2080 How do I obtain my operator qualification?
60.2085 How do I maintain my operator qualification?
60.2090 How do I renew my lapsed operator qualification?
60.2095 What site-specific documentation is required?
60.2100 What if all the qualified operators are temporarily not
accessible?
Emission Limitations and Operating Limits
60.2105 What emission limitations must I meet and by when?
60.2110 What operating limits must I meet and by when?
60.2115 What if I do not use a wet scrubber, fabric filter, activated
carbon injection, selective noncatalytic reduction, an
electrostatic precipitator, or a dry scrubber to comply with
the emission limitations?
[[Page 13]]
60.2120 Affirmative defense for violation of emission standards during
malfunction.
Performance Testing
60.2125 How do I conduct the initial and annual performance test?
60.2130 How are the performance test data used?
Initial Compliance Requirements
60.2135 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission
limitations and establish the operating limits?
60.2140 By what date must I conduct the initial performance test?
60.2141 By what date must I conduct the initial air pollution control
device inspection?
Continuous Compliance Requirements
60.2145 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission
limitations and the operating limits?
60.2150 By what date must I conduct the annual performance test?
60.2151 By what date must I conduct the annual air pollution control
device inspection?
60.2155 May I conduct performance testing less often?
60.2160 May I conduct a repeat performance test to establish new
operating limits?
Monitoring
60.2165 What monitoring equipment must I install and what parameters
must I monitor?
60.2170 Is there a minimum amount of monitoring data I must obtain?
Recordkeeping and Reporting
60.2175 What records must I keep?
60.2180 Where and in what format must I keep my records?
60.2185 What reports must I submit?
60.2190 What must I submit prior to commencing construction?
60.2195 What information must I submit prior to initial startup?
60.2200 What information must I submit following my initial performance
test?
60.2205 When must I submit my annual report?
60.2210 What information must I include in my annual report?
60.2215 What else must I report if I have a deviation from the operating
limits or the emission limitations?
60.2220 What must I include in the deviation report?
60.2225 What else must I report if I have a deviation from the
requirement to have a qualified operator accessible?
60.2230 Are there any other notifications or reports that I must submit?
60.2235 In what form can I submit my reports?
60.2240 Can reporting dates be changed?
Title V Operating Permits
60.2242 Am I required to apply for and obtain a title V operating permit
for my unit?
Air Curtain Incinerators
60.2245 What is an air curtain incinerator?
60.2250 What are the emission limitations for air curtain incinerators?
60.2255 How must I monitor opacity for air curtain incinerators?
60.2260 What are the recordkeeping and reporting requirements for air
curtain incinerators?
Definitions
60.2265 What definitions must I know?
Table 1 to Subpart CCCC of Part 60--Emission Limitations for CISWI Units
for Which Construction is Commenced After November 30, 1999,
But no Later Than June 4, 2010, or for Which Modification or
Reconstruction is Commenced on or After June 1, 2001, But no
Later Than August 7, 2013
Table 2 to Subpart CCCC of Part 60--Operating Limits for Wet Scrubbers
Table 3 to Subpart CCCC of Part 60--Toxic Equivalency Factors
Table 4 to Subpart CCCC of Part 60--Summary of Reporting Requirements
Table 5 to Subpart CCCC of Part 60--Emission Limitations for
Incinerators That Commenced Construction After June 4, 2010,
or That Commenced Reconstruction or Modification After August
7, 2013
Table 6 to Subpart CCCC of Part 60--Emission Limitations for Energy
Recovery Units That Commenced Construction After June 4, 2010,
or That Commenced Reconstruction or Modification After August
7, 2013
Table 7 to Subpart CCCC of Part 60--Emission Limitations for Waste-
burning Kilns That Commenced Construction After June 4, 2010,
or Reconstruction or Modification After August 7, 2013
Table 8 to Subpart CCCC of Part 60--Emission Limitations for Small,
Remote Incinerators That Commenced Construction After June 4,
2010, Or That Commenced Reconstruction or Modification After
August 7, 2013
Subpart DDDD_Emissions Guidelines and Compliance Times for Commercial
and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units
Introduction
60.2500 What is the purpose of this subpart?
[[Page 14]]
60.2505 Am I affected by this subpart?
60.2510 Is a state plan required for all states?
60.2515 What must I include in my state plan?
60.2520 Is there an approval process for my state plan?
60.2525 What if my state plan is not approvable?
60.2530 Is there an approval process for a negative declaration letter?
60.2535 What compliance schedule must I include in my state plan?
60.2540 Are there any State plan requirements for this subpart that
apply instead of the requirements specified in subpart B?
60.2541 In lieu of a state plan submittal, are there other acceptable
option(s) for a state to meet its Clean Air Act section
111(d)/129(b)(2) obligations?
60.2542 What authorities will not be delegated to state, local, or
tribal agencies?
60.2545 Does this subpart directly affect CISWI unit owners and
operators in my state?
Applicability of State Plans
60.2550 What CISWI units must I address in my state plan?
60.2555 What combustion units are exempt from my state plan?
Use of Model Rule
60.2560 What is the ``model rule'' in this subpart?
60.2565 How does the model rule relate to the required elements of my
state plan?
60.2570 What are the principal components of the model rule?
Model Rule--Increments of Progress
60.2575 What are my requirements for meeting increments of progress and
achieving final compliance?
60.2580 When must I complete each increment of progress?
60.2585 What must I include in the notifications of achievement of
increments of progress?
60.2590 When must I submit the notifications of achievement of
increments of progress?
60.2595 What if I do not meet an increment of progress?
60.2600 How do I comply with the increment of progress for submittal of
a control plan?
60.2605 How do I comply with the increment of progress for achieving
final compliance?
60.2610 What must I do if I close my CISWI unit and then restart it?
60.2615 What must I do if I plan to permanently close my CISWI unit and
not restart it?
Model Rule--Waste Management Plan
60.2620 What is a waste management plan?
60.2625 When must I submit my waste management plan?
60.2630 What should I include in my waste management plan?
Model Rule--Operator Training and Qualification
60.2635 What are the operator training and qualification requirements?
60.2640 When must the operator training course be completed?
60.2645 How do I obtain my operator qualification?
60.2650 How do I maintain my operator qualification?
60.2655 How do I renew my lapsed operator qualification?
60.2660 What site-specific documentation is required?
60.2665 What if all the qualified operators are temporarily not
accessible?
Model Rule--Emission Limitations and Operating Limits
60.2670 What emission limitations must I meet and by when?
60.2675 What operating limits must I meet and by when?
60.2680 What if I do not use a wet scrubber, fabric filter, activated
carbon injection, selective noncatalytic reduction, an
electrostatic precipitator, or a dry scrubber to comply with
the emission limitations?
Model Rule--Performance Testing
60.2690 How do I conduct the initial and annual performance test?
60.2695 How are the performance test data used?
Model Rule--Initial Compliance Requirements
60.2700 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the amended
emission limitations and establish the operating limits?
60.2705 By what date must I conduct the initial performance test?
60.2706 By what date must I conduct the initial air pollution control
device inspection?
Model Rule--Continuous Compliance Requirements
60.2710 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the amended
emission limitations and the operating limits?
60.2715 By what date must I conduct the annual performance test?
60.2716 By what date must I conduct the annual air pollution control
device inspection?
60.2720 May I conduct performance testing less often?
[[Page 15]]
60.2725 May I conduct a repeat performance test to establish new
operating limits?
Model Rule--Monitoring
60.2730 What monitoring equipment must I install and what parameters
must I monitor?
60.2735 Is there a minimum amount of monitoring data I must obtain?
Model Rule--Recordkeeping and Reporting
60.2740 What records must I keep?
60.2745 Where and in what format must I keep my records?
60.2750 What reports must I submit?
60.2755 When must I submit my waste management plan?
60.2760 What information must I submit following my initial performance
test?
60.2765 When must I submit my annual report?
60.2770 What information must I include in my annual report?
60.2775 What else must I report if I have a deviation from the operating
limits or the emission limitations?
60.2780 What must I include in the deviation report?
60.2785 What else must I report if I have a deviation from the
requirement to have a qualified operator accessible?
60.2790 Are there any other notifications or reports that I must submit?
60.2795 In what form can I submit my reports?
60.2800 Can reporting dates be changed?
Model Rule--Title V Operating Permits
60.2805 Am I required to apply for and obtain a Title V operating permit
for my unit?
Model Rule--Air Curtain Incinerators
60.2810 What is an air curtain incinerator?
60.2815 What are my requirements for meeting increments of progress and
achieving final compliance?
60.2820 When must I complete each increment of progress?
60.2825 What must I include in the notifications of achievement of
increments of progress?
60.2830 When must I submit the notifications of achievement of
increments of progress?
60.2835 What if I do not meet an increment of progress?
60.2840 How do I comply with the increment of progress for submittal of
a control plan?
60.2845 How do I comply with the increment of progress for achieving
final compliance?
60.2850 What must I do if I close my air curtain incinerator and then
restart it?
60.2855 What must I do if I plan to permanently close my air curtain
incinerator and not restart it?
60.2860 What are the emission limitations for air curtain incinerators?
60.2865 How must I monitor opacity for air curtain incinerators?
60.2870 What are the recordkeeping and reporting requirements for air
curtain incinerators?
Model Rule--Definitions
60.2875 What definitions must I know?
Tables to Subpart DDDD
Table 1 to Subpart DDDD of Part 60--Model Rule--Increments of Progress
and Compliance Schedules
Table 2 to Subpart DDDD of Part 60--Model Rule--Emission Limitations
That Apply to Incinerators Before [Date to be specified in
state plan]
Table 3 to Subpart DDDD of Part 60--Model Rule--Operating Limits for Wet
Scrubbers
Table 4 to Subpart DDDD of Part 60--Model Rule--Toxic Equivalency
Factors
Table 5 to Subpart DDDD of Part 60--Model Rule--Summary of Reporting
Requirements
Table 6 to Subpart DDDD of Part 60--Model Rule--Emission Limitations
That Apply to Incinerators on and After [Date to be specified
in state plan]
Table 7 to Subpart DDDD of Part 60--Model Rule--Emission Limitations
That Apply to Energy Recovery Units After May 20, 2011 [Date
to be specified in state plan]
Table 8 to Subpart DDDD of Part 60--Model Rule--Emission Limitations
That Apply to Waste-Burning Kilns After May 20, 2011 [Date to
be specified in state plan]
Table 9 to Subpart DDDD of Part 60--Model Rule--Emission Limitations
That Apply to Small, Remote Incinerators After May 20, 2011
[Date to be specified in state plan]
Subpart EEEE_Standards of Performance for Other Solid Waste Incineration
Units for Which Construction is Commenced After December 9, 2004, or for
Which Modification or Reconstruction is Commenced on or After June 16,
2006
Introduction
60.2880 What does this subpart do?
60.2881 When does this subpart become effective?
[[Page 16]]
Applicability
60.2885 Does this subpart apply to my incineration unit?
60.2886 What is a new incineration unit?
60.2887 What combustion units are excluded from this subpart?
60.2888 Are air curtain incinerators regulated under this subpart?
60.2889 Who implements and enforces this subpart?
60.2890 How are these new source performance standards structured?
60.2891 Do all components of these new source performance standards
apply at the same time?
Preconstruction Siting Analysis
60.2894 Who must prepare a siting analysis?
60.2895 What is a siting analysis?
Waste Management Plan
60.2899 What is a waste management plan?
60.2900 When must I submit my waste management plan?
60.2901 What should I include in my waste management plan?
Operator Training and Qualification
60.2905 What are the operator training and qualification requirements?
60.2906 When must the operator training course be completed?
60.2907 How do I obtain my operator qualification?
60.2908 How do I maintain my operator qualification?
60.2909 How do I renew my lapsed operator qualification?
60.2910 What site-specific documentation is required?
60.2911 What if all the qualified operators are temporarily not
accessible?
Emission Limitations and Operating Limits
60.2915 What emission limitations must I meet and by when?
60.2916 What operating limits must I meet and by when?
60.2917 What if I do not use a wet scrubber to comply with the emission
limitations?
60.2918 What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and
malfunction?
Performance Testing
60.2922 How do I conduct the initial and annual performance test?
60.2923 How are the performance test data used?
Initial Compliance Requirements
60.2927 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission
limitations and establish the operating limits?
60.2928 By what date must I conduct the initial performance test?
Continuous Compliance Requirements
60.2932 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission
limitations and the operating limits?
60.2933 By what date must I conduct the annual performance test?
60.2934 May I conduct performance testing less often?
60.2935 May I conduct a repeat performance test to establish new
operating limits?
Monitoring
60.2939 What continuous emission monitoring systems must I install?
60.2940 How do I make sure my continuous emission monitoring systems are
operating correctly?
60.2941 What is my schedule for evaluating continuous emission
monitoring systems?
60.2942 What is the minimum amount of monitoring data I must collect
with my continuous emission monitoring systems, and is the
data collection requirement enforceable?
60.2943 How do I convert my 1-hour arithmetic averages into the
appropriate averaging times and units?
60.2944 What operating parameter monitoring equipment must I install,
and what operating parameters must I monitor?
60.2945 Is there a minimum amount of operating parameter monitoring data
I must obtain?
Recordkeeping and Reporting
60.2949 What records must I keep?
60.2950 Where and in what format must I keep my records?
60.2951 What reports must I submit?
60.2952 What must I submit prior to commencing construction?
60.2953 What information must I submit prior to initial startup?
60.2954 What information must I submit following my initial performance
test?
60.2955 When must I submit my annual report?
60.2956 What information must I include in my annual report?
60.2957 What else must I report if I have a deviation from the operating
limits or the emission limitations?
60.2958 What must I include in the deviation report?
60.2959 What else must I report if I have a deviation from the
requirement to have a qualified operator accessible?
60.2960 Are there any other notifications or reports that I must submit?
60.2961 In what form can I submit my reports?
60.2962 Can reporting dates be changed?
[[Page 17]]
Title V Operating Permits
60.2966 Am I required to apply for and obtain a title V operating permit
for my unit?
60.2967 When must I submit a title V permit application for my new unit?
Temporary-Use Incinerators and Air Curtain Incinerators Used in Disaster
Recovery
60.2969 What are the requirements for temporary-use incinerators and air
curtain incinerators used in disaster recovery?
Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn Only Wood Waste, Clean Lumber, and
Yard Waste
60.2970 What is an air curtain incinerator?
60.2971 What are the emission limitations for air curtain incinerators
that burn only wood waste, clean lumber, and yard waste?
60.2972 How must I monitor opacity for air curtain incinerators that
burn only wood waste, clean lumber, and yard waste?
60.2973 What are the recordkeeping and reporting requirements for air
curtain incinerators that burn only wood waste, clean lumber,
and yard waste?
60.2974 Am I required to apply for and obtain a title V operating permit
for my air curtain incinerator that burns only wood waste,
clean lumber, and yard waste?
Equations
60.2975 What equations must I use?
Definitions
60.2977 What definitions must I know?
Tables to Subpart EEEE of Part 60
Table 1 to Subpart EEEE of Part 60--Emission Limitations
Table 2 to Subpart EEEE of Part 60--Operating Limits for Incinerators
and Wet Scrubbers
Table 3 to Subpart EEEE of Part 60--Requirements for Continuous Emission
Monitoring Systems (CEMS)
Table 4 to Subpart EEEE of Part 60--Summary of Reporting Requirements
Subpart FFFF_Emission Guidelines and Compliance Times for Other Solid
Waste Incineration Units That Commenced Construction On or Before
December 9, 2004
Introduction
60.2980 What is the purpose of this subpart?
60.2981 Am I affected by this subpart?
60.2982 Is a State plan required for all States?
60.2983 What must I include in my State plan?
60.2984 Is there an approval process for my State plan?
60.2985 What if my State plan is not approvable?
60.2986 Is there an approval process for a negative declaration letter?
60.2987 What compliance schedule must I include in my State plan?
60.2988 Are there any State plan requirements for this subpart that
apply instead of the requirements specified in subpart B of
this part?
60.2989 Does this subpart directly affect incineration unit owners and
operators in my State?
60.2990 What Authorities are withheld by EPA?
Applicability of State Plans
60.2991 What incineration units must I address in my State plan?
60.2992 What is an existing incineration unit?
60.2993 Are any combustion units excluded from my State plan?
60.2994 Are air curtain incinerators regulated under this subpart?
Model Rule--Use of Model Rule
60.2996 What is the purpose of the ``model rule'' in this subpart?
60.2997 How does the model rule relate to the required elements of my
State plan?
60.2998 What are the principal components of the model rule?
Model Rule--Compliance Schedule
60.3000 When must I comply?
60.3001 What must I do if I close my OSWI unit and then restart it?
60.3002 What must I do if I plan to permanently close my OSWI unit and
not restart it?
Model Rule--Waste Management Plan
60.3010 What is a waste management plan?
60.3011 When must I submit my waste management plan?
60.3012 What should I include in my waste management plan?
Model Rule--Operator Training and Qualification
60.3014 What are the operator training and qualification requirements?
60.3015 When must the operator training course be completed?
60.3016 How do I obtain my operator qualification?
60.3017 How do I maintain my operator qualification?
60.3018 How do I renew my lapsed operator qualification?
[[Page 18]]
60.3019 What site-specific documentation is required?
60.3020 What if all the qualified operators are temporarily not
accessible?
Model Rule--Emission Limitations and Operating Limits
60.3022 What emission limitations must I meet and by when?
60.3023 What operating limits must I meet and by when?
60.3024 What if I do not use a wet scrubber to comply with the emission
limitations?
60.3025 What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and
malfunction?
Model Rule--Performance Testing
60.3027 How do I conduct the initial and annual performance test?
60.3028 How are the performance test data used?
Model Rule--Initial Compliance Requirements
60.3030 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission
limitations and establish the operating limits?
60.3031 By what date must I conduct the initial performance test?
Model Rule--Continuous Compliance Requirements
60.3033 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission
limitations and the operating limits?
60.3034 By what date must I conduct the annual performance test?
60.3035 May I conduct performance testing less often?
60.3036 May I conduct a repeat performance test to establish new
operating limits?
Model Rule--Monitoring
60.3038 What continuous emission monitoring systems must I install?
60.3039 How do I make sure my continuous emission monitoring systems are
operating correctly?
60.3040 What is my schedule for evaluating continuous emission
monitoring systems?
60.3041 What is the minimum amount of monitoring data I must collect
with my continuous emission monitoring systems, and is the
data collection requirement enforceable?
60.3042 How do I convert my 1-hour arithmetic averages into the
appropriate averaging times and units?
60.3043 What operating parameter monitoring equipment must I install,
and what operating parameters must I monitor?
60.3044 Is there a minimum amount of operating parameter monitoring data
I must obtain?
Model Rule--Recordkeeping and Reporting
60.3046 What records must I keep?
60.3047 Where and in what format must I keep my records?
60.3048 What reports must I submit?
60.3049 What information must I submit following my initial performance
test?
60.3050 When must I submit my annual report?
60.3051 What information must I include in my annual report?
60.3052 What else must I report if I have a deviation from the operating
limits or the emission limitations?
60.3053 What must I include in the deviation report?
60.3054 What else must I report if I have a deviation from the
requirement to have a qualified operator accessible?
60.3055 Are there any other notifications or reports that I must submit?
60.3056 In what form can I submit my reports?
60.3057 Can reporting dates be changed?
Model Rule--Title V Operating Permits
60.3059 Am I required to apply for and obtain a title V operating permit
for my unit?
60.3060 When must I submit a title V permit application for my existing
unit?
Model Rule--Temporary-Use Incinerators and Air Curtain Incinerators Used
in Disaster Recovery
60.3061 What are the requirements for temporary-use incinerators and air
curtain incinerators used in disaster recovery?
Model Rule--Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn Only Wood Waste, Clean
Lumber, and Yard Waste
60.3062 What is an air curtain incinerator?
60.3063 When must I comply if my air curtain incinerator burns only wood
waste, clean lumber, and yard waste?
60.3064 What must I do if I close my air curtain incinerator that burns
only wood waste, clean lumber, and yard waste and then restart
it?
60.3065 What must I do if I plan to permanently close my air curtain
incinerator that burns only wood waste, clean lumber, and yard
waste and not restart it?
60.3066 What are the emission limitations for air curtain incinerators
that burn only wood waste, clean lumber, and yard waste?
60.3067 How must I monitor opacity for air curtain incinerators that
burn only wood waste, clean lumber, and yard waste?
60.3068 What are the recordkeeping and reporting requirements for air
curtain incinerators that burn only wood waste, clean lumber,
and yard waste?
[[Page 19]]
60.3069 Am I required to apply for and obtain a title V operating permit
for my air curtain incinerator that burns only wood waste,
clean lumber, and yard waste?
Model Rule--Equations
60.3076 What equations must I use?
Model Rule--Definitions
60.3078 What definitions must I know?
Tables to Subpart FFFF of Part 60
Table 1 to Subpart FFFF of Part 60--Model Rule--Compliance Schedule
Table 2 to Subpart FFFF of Part 60--Model Rule--Emission Limitations
Table 3 to Subpart FFFF of Part 60--Model Rule--Operating Limits for
Incinerators and Wet Scrubbers
Table 4 to Subpart FFFF of Part 60--Model Rule--Requirements for
Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS)
Table 5 to Subpart FFFF of Part 60--Model Rule--Summary of Reporting
Requirements \a\
Subparts GGGG-HHHH [Reserved]
Subpart IIII_Standards of Performance for Stationary Compression
Ignition Internal Combustion Engines
What This Subpart Covers
60.4200 Am I subject to this subpart?
Emission Standards for Manufacturers
60.4201 What emission standards must I meet for non-emergency engines if
I am a stationary CI internal combustion engine manufacturer?
60.4202 What emission standards must I meet for emergency engines if I
am a stationary CI internal combustion engine manufacturer?
60.4203 How long must my engines meet the emission standards if I am a
manufacturer of stationary CI internal combustion engines?
Emission Standards for Owners and Operators
60.4204 What emission standards must I meet for non-emergency engines if
I am an owner or operator of a stationary CI internal
combustion engine?
60.4205 What emission standards must I meet for emergency engines if I
am an owner or operator of a stationary CI internal combustion
engine?
60.4206 How long must I meet the emission standards if I am an owner or
operator of a stationary CI internal combustion engine?
Fuel Requirements for Owners and Operators
60.4207 What fuel requirements must I meet if I am an owner or operator
of a stationary CI internal combustion engine subject to this
subpart?
Other Requirements for Owners and Operators
60.4208 What is the deadline for importing or installing stationary CI
ICE produced in previous model years?
60.4209 What are the monitoring requirements if I am an owner or
operator of a stationary CI internal combustion engine?
Compliance Requirements
60.4210 What are my compliance requirements if I am a stationary CI
internal combustion engine manufacturer?
60.4211 What are my compliance requirements if I am an owner or operator
of a stationary CI internal combustion engine?
Testing Requirements for Owners and Operators
60.4212 What test methods and other procedures must I use if I am an
owner or operator of a stationary CI internal combustion
engine with a displacement of less than 30 liters per
cylinder?
60.4213 What test methods and other procedures must I use if I am an
owner or operator of a stationary CI internal combustion
engine with a displacement of greater than or equal to 30
liters per cylinder?
Notification, Reports, and Records for Owners and Operators
60.4214 What are my notification, reporting, and recordkeeping
requirements if I am an owner or operator of a stationary CI
internal combustion engine?
Special Requirements
60.4215 What requirements must I meet for engines used in Guam, American
Samoa, or the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands?
60.4216 What requirements must I meet for engines used in Alaska?
60.4217 What emission standards must I meet if I am an owner or operator
of a stationary internal combustion engine using special
fuels?
General Provisions
60.4218 What parts of the General Provisions apply to me?
[[Page 20]]
Definitions
60.4219 What definitions apply to this subpart?
Table 1 to Subpart IIII of Part 60--Emission Standards for Stationary
Pre-2007 Model Year Engines with a displacement of <10 liters
per cylinder and 2007-2010 Model Year Engines >2,237 KW (3,000
HP) and with a displacement of <10 liters per cylinder
Table 2 to Subpart IIII of Part 60--Emission Standards for 2008 Model
Year and Later Emergency Stationary CI ICE <37 KW (50 HP) and
with a Displacement of <10 liters per cylinder
Table 3 to Subpart IIII of Part 60--Certification Requirements for
Stationary Fire Pump Engines
Table 4 to Subpart IIII of Part 60--Emission Standards for Stationary
Fire Pump Engines
Table 5 to Subpart IIII of Part 60--Labeling and Recordkeeping
Requirements for New Stationary Emergency Engines
Table 6 to Subpart IIII of Part 60--Optional 3-Mode Test Cycle for
Stationary Fire Pump Engines
Table 7 to Subpart IIII of Part 60--Requirements for Performance Tests
for Stationary CI ICE with a displacement of 30 liters per
cylinder
Table 8 to Subpart IIII of Part 60--Applicability of General Provisions
to Subpart IIII
Subpart JJJJ_Standards of Performance for Stationary Spark Ignition
Internal Combustion Engines
What This Subpart Covers
60.4230 Am I subject to this subpart?
Emission Standards for Manufacturers
60.4231 What emission standards must I meet if I am a manufacturer of
stationary SI internal combustion engines or equipment
containing such engines?
60.4232 How long must my engines meet the emission standards if I am a
manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines?
Emission Standards for Owners and Operators
60.4233 What emission standards must I meet if I am an owner or operator
of a stationary SI internal combustion engine?
60.4234 How long must I meet the emission standards if I am an owner or
operator of a stationary SI internal combustion engine?
Other Requirements for Owners and Operators
60.4235 What fuel requirements must I meet if I am an owner or operator
of a stationary SI gasoline fired internal combustion engine
subject to this subpart?
60.4236 What is the deadline for importing or installing stationary SI
ICE produced in previous model years?
60.4237 What are the monitoring requirements if I am an owner or
operator of an emergency stationary SI internal combustion
engine?
Compliance Requirements for Manufacturers
60.4238 What are my compliance requirements if I am a manufacturer of
stationary SI internal combustion engines 19 KW (25 HP) or a
manufacturer of equipment containing such engines?
60.4239 What are my compliance requirements if I am a manufacturer of
stationary SI internal combustion engines >19 KW (25 HP) that
use gasoline or a manufacturer of equipment containing such
engines?
60.4240 What are my compliance requirements if I am a manufacturer of
stationary SI internal combustion engines >19 KW (25 HP) that
are rich burn engines that use LPG or a manufacturer of
equipment containing such engines?
60.4241 What are my compliance requirements if I am a manufacturer of
stationary SI internal combustion engines participating in the
voluntary certification program or a manufacturer of equipment
containing such engines?
60.4242 What other requirements must I meet if I am a manufacturer of
stationary SI internal combustion engines or equipment
containing stationary SI internal combustion engines or a
manufacturer of equipment containing such engines?
Compliance Requirements for Owners and Operators
60.4243 What are my compliance requirements if I am an owner or operator
of a stationary SI internal combustion engine?
Testing Requirements for Owners and Operators
60.4244 What test methods and other procedures must I use if I am an
owner or operator of a stationary SI internal combustion
engine?
Notification, Reports, and Records for Owners and Operators
60.4245 What are my notification, reporting, and recordkeeping
requirements if I am
[[Page 21]]
an owner or operator of a stationary SI internal combustion
engine?
General Provisions
60.4246 What parts of the General Provisions apply to me?
Mobile Source Provisions
60.4247 What parts of the mobile source provisions apply to me if I am a
manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines or a
manufacturer of equipment containing such engines?
Definitions
60.4248 What definitions apply to this subpart?
Tables to Subpart JJJJ of Part 60
Table 1 to Subpart JJJJ of Part 60--NOX, CO, and VOC Emission
Standards for Stationary Non-Emergency SI Engines 100 HP
(Except Gasoline and Rich Burn LPG), Stationary SI Landfill/
Digester Gas Engines, and Stationary Emergency Engines >25 HP
Table 2 to Subpart JJJJ of Part 60--Requirements for Performance Tests
Table 3 to Subpart JJJJ of Part 60--Applicability of General Provisions
to Subpart JJJJ
Table 4 to Subpart JJJJ of Part 60--Applicability of Mobile Source
Provisions for Manufacturers Participating in the Voluntary
Certification Program and Certifying Stationary SI ICE to
Emission Standards in Table 1 of Subpart JJJJ
Subpart KKKK_Standards of Performance for Stationary Combustion Turbines
Introduction
60.4300 What is the purpose of this subpart?
Applicability
60.4305 Does this subpart apply to my stationary combustion turbine?
60.4310 What types of operations are exempt from these standards of
performance?
Emission Limits
60.4315 What pollutants are regulated by this subpart?
60.4320 What emission limits must I meet for nitrogen oxides
(NOX)?
60.4325 What emission limits must I meet for NOX if my
turbine burns both natural gas and distillate oil (or some
other combination of fuels)?
60.4330 What emission limits must I meet for sulfur dioxide
(SO2)?
General Compliance Requirements
60.4333 What are my general requirements for complying with this
subpart?
Monitoring
60.4335 How do I demonstrate compliance for NOX if I use
water or steam injection?
60.4340 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance for NOX if
I do not use water or steam injection?
60.4345 What are the requirements for the continuous emission monitoring
system equipment, if I choose to use this option?
60.4350 How do I use data from the continuous emission monitoring
equipment to identify excess emissions?
60.4355 How do I establish and document a proper parameter monitoring
plan?
60.4360 How do I determine the total sulfur content of the turbine's
combustion fuel?
60.4365 How can I be exempted from monitoring the total sulfur content
of the fuel?
60.4370 How often must I determine the sulfur content of the fuel?
Reporting
60.4375 What reports must I submit?
60.4380 How are excess emissions and monitor downtime defined for
NOX?
60.4385 How are excess emissions and monitoring downtime defined for
SO2?
60.4390 What are my reporting requirements if I operate an emergency
combustion turbine or a research and development turbine?
60.4395 When must I submit my reports?
Performance Tests
60.4400 How do I conduct the initial and subsequent performance tests,
regarding NOX?
60.4405 How do I perform the initial performance test if I have chosen
to install a NOX-diluent CEMS?
60.4410 How do I establish a valid parameter range if I have chosen to
continuously monitor parameters?
60.4415 How do I conduct the initial and subsequent performance tests
for sulfur?
Definitions
60.4420 What definitions apply to this subpart?
Table 1 to Subpart KKKK of Part 60--Nitrogen Oxide Emission Limits for
New Stationary Combustion Turbines
Subpart LLLL_Standards of Performance for New Sewage Sludge Incineration
Units
Introduction
60.4760 What does this subpart do?
60.4765 When does this subpart become effective?
[[Page 22]]
Applicability and Delegation of Authority
60.4770 Does this subpart apply to my sewage sludge incineration unit?
60.4775 What is a new sewage sludge incineration unit?
60.4780 What sewage sludge incineration units are exempt from this
subpart?
60.4785 Who implements and enforces this subpart?
60.4790 How are these new source performance standards structured?
60.4795 Do all nine components of these new source performance standards
apply at the same time?
Preconstruction Siting Analysis
60.4800 Who must prepare a siting analysis?
60.4805 What is a siting analysis?
Operator Training and Qualification
60.4810 What are the operator training and qualification requirements?
60.4815 When must the operator training course be completed?
60.4820 How do I obtain my operator qualification?
60.4825 How do I maintain my operator qualification?
60.4830 How do I renew my lapsed operator qualification?
60.4835 What if all the qualified operators are temporarily not
accessible?
60.4840 What site-specific documentation is required and how often must
it be reviewed by qualified operators and plant personnel?
Emission Limits, Emission Standards, and Operating Limits and
Requirements
60.4845 What emission limits and standards must I meet and by when?
60.4850 What operating limits and requirements must I meet and by when?
60.4855 How do I establish operating limits if I do not use a wet
scrubber, fabric filter, electrostatic precipitator, or
activated carbon injection, or if I limit emissions in some
other manner, to comply with the emission limits?
60.4860 Do the emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits
apply during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?
60.4861 How do I establish affirmative defense for exceedance of an
emission limit or standard during malfunction?
Initial Compliance Requirements
60.4865 How and when do I demonstrate initial compliance with the
emission limits and standards?
60.4870 How do I establish my operating limits?
60.4875 By what date must I conduct the initial air pollution control
device inspection and make any necessary repairs?
60.4880 How do I develop a site-specific monitoring plan for my
continuous monitoring, bag leak detection, and ash handling
systems, and by what date must I conduct an initial
performance evaluation?
Continuous Compliance Requirements
60.4885 How and when do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limits and standards?
60.4890 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with my operating
limits?
60.4895 By what date must I conduct annual air pollution control device
inspections and make any necessary repairs?
Performance Testing, Monitoring, and Calibration Requirements
60.4900 What are the performance testing, monitoring, and calibration
requirements for compliance with the emission limits and
standards?
60.4905 What are the monitoring and calibration requirements for
compliance with my operating limits?
Recordkeeping and Reporting
60.4910 What records must I keep?
60.4915 What reports must I submit?
Title V Operating Permits
60.4920 Am I required to apply for and obtain a Title V operating permit
for my unit?
60.4925 When must I submit a title V permit application for my new SSI
unit?
Definitions
60.4930 What definitions must I know?
Tables
Table 1 to Subpart LLLL of Part 60--Emission Limits and Standards for
Fluidized Bed New Sewage Sludge Incineration Units
Table 2 to Subpart LLLL of Part 60--Emission Limits and Standards for
New Multiple Hearth Sewage Sludge Incineration Units
Table 3 to Subpart LLLL of Part 60--Operating Parameters for New Sewage
Sludge Incineration Units
Table 4 to Subpart LLLL of Part 60--Toxic Equivalency Factors
[[Page 23]]
Table 5 to Subpart LLLL of Part 60--Summary of Reporting Requirements
for New Sewage Sludge Incineration Units
Subpart MMMM_Emission Guidelines and Compliance Times for Existing
Sewage Sludge Incineration Units
Introduction
60.5000 What is the purpose of this subpart?
60.5005 Am I affected by this subpart?
60.5010 Is a state plan required for all states?
60.5015 What must I include in my state plan?
60.5020 Is there an approval process for my state plan?
60.5025 What if my state plan is not approvable?
60.5030 Is there an approval process for a negative declaration letter?
60.5035 What compliance schedule must I include in my state plan?
60.5040 Are there any state plan requirements for this subpart that
apply instead of the requirements specified in subpart B?
60.5045 In lieu of a state plan submittal, are there other acceptable
option(s) for a state to meet its section 111(d)/129 (b)(2)
obligations?
60.5050 What authorities will not be delegated to state, local, or
tribal agencies?
60.5055 Does this subpart directly affect SSI unit owners and operators
in my state?
Applicability of State Plans
60.5060 What SSI units must I address in my state plan?
60.5065 What SSI units are exempt from my state plan?
Use of Model Rule
60.5070 What is the ``model rule'' in this subpart?
60.5075 How does the model rule relate to the required elements of my
state plan?
60.5080 What are the principal components of the model rule?
Model Rule--Increments of Progress
60.5085 What are my requirements for meeting increments of progress and
achieving final compliance?
60.5090 When must I complete each increment of progress?
60.5095 What must I include in the notifications of achievement of
increments of progress?
60.5100 When must I submit the notifications of achievement of
increments of progress?
60.5105 What if I do not meet an increment of progress?
60.5110 How do I comply with the increment of progress for submittal of
a control plan?
60.5115 How do I comply with the increment of progress for achieving
final compliance?
60.5120 What must I do if I close my SSI unit and then restart it?
60.5125 What must I do if I plan to permanently close my SSI unit and
not restart it?
Model Rule--Operator Training and Qualification
60.5130 What are the operator training and qualification requirements?
60.5135 When must the operator training course be completed?
60.5140 How do I obtain my operator qualification?
60.5145 How do I maintain my operator qualification?
60.5150 How do I renew my lapsed operator qualification?
60.5155 What if all the qualified operators are temporarily not
accessible?
60.5160 What site-specific documentation is required and how often must
it be reviewed by qualified operators and plant personnel?
Model Rule--Emission Limits, Emission Standards, and Operating Limits
and Requirements
60.5165 What emission limits and standards must I meet and by when?
60.5170 What operating limits and requirements must I meet and by when?
60.5175 How do I establish operating limits if I do not use a wet
scrubber, fabric filter, electrostatic precipitator, activated
carbon injection, or afterburner, or if I limit emissions in
some other manner, to comply with the emission limits?
60.5180 Do the emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits
apply during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?
60.5181 How do I establish affirmative defense for exceedance of an
emission limit or standard during malfunction?
Model Rule--Initial Compliance Requirements
60.5185 How and when do I demonstrate initial compliance with the
emission limits and standards?
60.5190 How do I establish my operating limits?
60.5195 By what date must I conduct the initial air pollution control
device inspection and make any necessary repairs?
60.5200 How do I develop a site-specific monitoring plan for my
continuous monitoring, bag leak detection, and ash handling
systems, and by what date must I
[[Page 24]]
conduct an initial performance evaluation?
Model Rule--Continuous Compliance Requirements
60.5205 How and when do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limits and standards?
60.5210 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with my operating
limits?
60.5215 By what date must I conduct annual air pollution control device
inspections and make any necessary repairs?
Model Rule--Performance Testing, Monitoring, and Calibration
Requirements
60.5220 What are the performance testing, monitoring, and calibration
requirements for compliance with the emission limits and
standards?
60.5225 What are the monitoring and calibration requirements for
compliance with my operating limits?
Model Rule--Recordkeeping and Reporting
60.5230 What records must I keep?
60.5235 What reports must I submit?
Model Rule--Title V Operating Permits
60.5240 Am I required to apply for and obtain a title V operating permit
for my existing SSI unit?
60.5245 When must I submit a title V permit application for my existing
SSI unit?
Model Rule--Definitions
60.5250 What definitions must I know?
Tables
Table 1 to Subpart MMMM of Part 60--Model Rule--Increments of Progress
and Compliance Schedules for Existing Sewage Sludge
Incineration Units
Table 2 to Subpart MMMM of Part 60--Model Rule--Emission Limits and
Standards for Existing Fluidized Bed Sewage Sludge
Incineration Units
Table 3 to Subpart MMMM of Part 60--Model Rule--Emission Limits and
Standards for Existing Multiple Hearth Sewage Sludge
Incineration Units
Table 4 to Subpart MMMM of Part 60--Model Rule--Operating Parameters for
Existing Sewage Sludge Incineration Units
Table 5 to Subpart MMMM of Part 60--Model Rule--Toxic Equivalency
Factors
Table 6 to Subpart MMMM of Part 60--Model Rule--Summary of Reporting
Requirements for Existing Sewage Sludge Incineration Units
Subpart OOOO_Standards of Performance for Crude Oil and Natural Gas
Production, Transmission and Distribution for which Construction,
Modification or Reconstruction Commenced after August 23, 2011, and on
or before September 18, 2015
60.5360 What is the purpose of this subpart?
60.5365 Am I subject to this subpart?
60.5370 When must I comply with this subpart?
60.5375 What standards apply to gas well affected facilities?
60.5380 What standards apply to centrifugal compressor affected
facilities?
60.5385 What standards apply to reciprocating compressor affected
facilities?
60.5390 What standards apply to pneumatic controller affected
facilities?
60.5395 What standards apply to storage vessel affected facilities?
60.5400 What equipment leak standards apply to affected facilities at an
onshore natural gas processing plant?
60.5401 What are the exceptions to the equipment leak standards for
affected facilities at onshore natural gas processing plants?
60.5402 What are the alternative emission limitations for equipment
leaks from onshore natural gas processing plants?
60.5405 What standards apply to sweetening units at onshore natural gas
processing plants?
60.5406 What test methods and procedures must I use for my sweetening
units affected facilities at onshore natural gas processing
plants?
60.5407 What are the requirements for monitoring of emissions and
operations from my sweetening unit affected facilities at
onshore natural gas processing plants?
60.5408 What is an optional procedure for measuring hydrogen sulfide in
acid gas--Tutwiler Procedure?
60.5410 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the standards for
my gas well affected facility, my centrifugal compressor
affected facility, my reciprocating compressor affected
facility, my pneumatic controller affected facility, my
storage vessel affected facility, and my equipment leaks and
sweetening unit affected facilities at onshore natural gas
processing plants?
60.5411 What additional requirements must I meet to determine initial
compliance for my covers and closed vent systems routing
materials from storage vessels, reciprocating compressors and
centrifugal compressor wet seal degassing systems?
[[Page 25]]
60.5412 What additional requirements must I meet for determining initial
compliance with control devices used to comply with the
emission standards for my storage vessel or centrifugal
compressor affected facility?
60.5413 What are the performance testing procedures for control devices
used to demonstrate compliance at my storage vessel or
centrifugal compressor affected facility?
60.5415 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the standards
for my gas well affected facility, my centrifugal compressor
affected facility, my stationary reciprocating compressor
affected facility, my pneumatic controller affected facility,
my storage vessel affected facility, and my affected
facilities at onshore natural gas processing plants?
60.5416 What are the initial and continuous cover and closed vent system
inspection and monitoring requirements for my storage vessel,
centrifugal compressor and reciprocating compressor affected
facilities?
60.5417 What are the continuous control device monitoring requirements
for my storage vessel or centrifugal compressor affected
facility?
60.5420 What are my notification, reporting, and recordkeeping
requirements?
60.5421 What are my additional recordkeeping requirements for my
affected facility subject to VOC requirements for onshore
natural gas processing plants?
60.5422 What are my additional reporting requirements for my affected
facility subject to VOC requirements for onshore natural gas
processing plants?
60.5423 What additional recordkeeping and reporting requirements apply
to my sweetening unit affected facilities at onshore natural
gas processing plants?
60.5425 What parts of the General Provisions apply to me?
60.5430 What definitions apply to this subpart?
60.5431-60.5499 [Reserved]
Table 1 to Subpart OOOO of Part 60--Required Minimum Initial
SO2 Emission Reduction Efficiency (Zi)
Table 2 to Subpart OOOO of Part 60--Required Minimum SO2
Emission Reduction Efficiency (Zc)
Table 3 to Subpart OOOO of Part 60--Applicability of General Provisions
to Subpart OOOO
Subpart OOOOa_Standards of Performance for Crude Oil and Natural Gas
Facilities for which Construction, Modification or Reconstruction
Commenced After September 18, 2015
60.5360a What is the purpose of this subpart?
60.5365a Am I subject to this subpart?
60.5370a When must I comply with this subpart?
60.5375a What GHG and VOC standards apply to well affected facilities?
60.5380a What GHG and VOC standards apply to centrifugal compressor
affected facilities?
60.5385a What GHG and VOC standards apply to reciprocating compressor
affected facilities?
60.5390a What GHG and VOC standards apply to pneumatic controller
affected facilities?
60.5393a What GHG and VOC standards apply to pneumatic pump affected
facilities?
60.5395a What VOC standards apply to storage vessel affected facilities?
60.5397a What fugitive emissions GHG and VOC standards apply to the
affected facility which is the collection of fugitive
emissions components at a well site and the affected facility
which is the collection of fugitive emissions components at a
compressor station?
60.5398a What are the alternative means of emission limitations for GHG
and VOC from well completions, reciprocating compressors, the
collection of fugitive emissions components at a well site and
the collection of fugitive emissions components at a
compressor station?
60.5400a What equipment leak GHG and VOC standards apply to affected
facilities at an onshore natural gas processing plant?
60.5401a What are the exceptions to the equipment leak GHG and VOC
standards for affected facilities at onshore natural gas
processing plants?
60.5402a What are the alternative means of emission limitations for GHG
and VOC equipment leaks from onshore natural gas processing
plants?
60.5405a What standards apply to sweetening unit affected facilities at
onshore natural gas processing plants?
60.5406a What test methods and procedures must I use for my sweetening
unit affected facilities at onshore natural gas processing
plants?
60.5407a What are the requirements for monitoring of emissions and
operations from my sweetening unit affected facilities at
onshore natural gas processing plants?
60.5408a What is an optional procedure for measuring hydrogen sulfide in
acid gas--Tutwiler Procedure?
60.5410a How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the standards for
my well, centrifugal compressor, reciprocating compressor,
pneumatic controller, pneumatic pump, storage vessel,
collection of fugitive emissions components at a well site,
collection of fugitive emissions
[[Page 26]]
components at a compressor station, and equipment leaks and
sweetening unit affected facilities at onshore natural gas
processing plants?
60.5411a What additional requirements must I meet to determine initial
compliance for my covers and closed vent systems routing
emissions from centrifugal compressor wet seal fluid degassing
systems, reciprocating compressors, pneumatic pumps and
storage vessels?
60.5412a What additional requirements must I meet for determining
initial compliance with control devices used to comply with
the emission standards for my centrifugal compressor, and
storage vessel affected facilities?
60.5413a What are the performance testing procedures for control devices
used to demonstrate compliance at my centrifugal compressor
and storage vessel affected facilities?
60.5415a How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the standards
for my well, centrifugal compressor, reciprocating compressor,
pneumatic controller, pneumatic pump, storage vessel,
collection of fugitive emissions components at a well site,
and collection of fugitive emissions components at a
compressor station affected facilities, and affected
facilities at onshore natural gas processing plants?
60.5416a What are the initial and continuous cover and closed vent
system inspection and monitoring requirements for my
centrifugal compressor, reciprocating compressor, pneumatic
pump, and storage vessel affected facilities?
60.5417a What are the continuous control device monitoring requirements
for my centrifugal compressor and storage vessel affected
facilities?
60.5420a What are my notification, reporting, and recordkeeping
requirements?
60.5421a What are my additional recordkeeping requirements for my
affected facility subject to GHG and VOC requirements for
onshore natural gas processing plants?
60.5422a What are my additional reporting requirements for my affected
facility subject to GHG and VOC requirements for onshore
natural gas processing plants?
60.5423a What additional recordkeeping and reporting requirements apply
to my sweetening unit affected facilities at onshore natural
gas processing plants?
60.5425a What parts of the General Provisions apply to me?
60.5430a What definitions apply to this subpart?
60.5432a How do I determine whether a well is a low pressure well using
the low pressure well equation?
60.5433a--60.5499a [Reserved]
Table 1 to Subpart OOOOa of Part 60--Required Minimum Initial
SO2 Emission Reduction Efficiency (Zi)
Table 2 to Subpart OOOOa of Part 60--Required Minimum SO2
Emission Reduction Efficiency (Zc)
Table 3 to Subpart OOOOa of Part 60--Applicability of General Provisions
to Subpart OOOOa
Subpart PPPP [Reserved]
Subpart QQQQ_Standards of Performance for New Residential Hydronic
Heaters and Forced-Air Furnaces
60.5472 Am I subject to this subpart?
60.5473 What definitions must I know?
60.5474 What standards and requirements must I meet and by when?
60.5475 What compliance and certification requirements must I meet and
by when?
60.5476 What test methods and procedures must I use to determine
compliance with the standards and requirements for
certification?
60.5477 What procedures must I use for EPA approval of a test laboratory
or EPA approval of a third-party certifier?
60.5478 What requirements must I meet for permanent labels, temporary
labels (hangtags), and owner's manuals?
60.5479 What records must I keep and what reports must I submit?
60.5480 What activities are prohibited under this subpart?
60.5481 What hearing and appeal procedures apply to me?
60.5482 Who implements and enforces this subpart?
60.5483 What parts of the General Provisions do not apply to me?
Subparts RRRR-SSSS [Reserved]
Subpart TTTT_Standards of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions for
Electric Generating Units
Applicability
60.5508 What is the purpose of this subpart?
60.5509 Am I subject to this subpart?
Emission Standards
60.5515 Which pollutants are regulated by this subpart?
60.5520 What CO2 emissions standard must I meet?
General Compliance Requirements
60.5525 What are my general requirements for complying with this
subpart?
[[Page 27]]
Monitoring and Compliance Determination Procedures
60.5535 How do I monitor and collect data to demonstrate compliance?
60.5540 How do I demonstrate compliance with my CO[ihel2] emissions
standard and determine excess emissions?
Notifications, Reports, and Records
60.5550 What notifications must I submit and when?
60.5555 What reports must I submit and when?
60.5560 What records must I maintain?
60.5565 In what form and how long must I keep my records?
Other Requirements and Information
60.5570 What parts of the general provisions apply to my affected EGU?
60.5575 Who implements and enforces this subpart?
60.5580 What definitions apply to this subpart?
Table 1 of Subpart TTTT of Part 60--CO2 Emission Standards
for Affected Steam Generating Units and Integrated
Gasification Combined Cycle Facilities That Commenced
Construction After January 8, 2014 and Reconstruction or
Modification After June 18, 2014
Table 2 of Subpart TTTT of Part 60--CO2 Emission Standards
for Affected Stationary Combustion Turbines That Commenced
Construction After January 8, 2014 and Reconstruction After
June 18, 2014 (Net Energy Output-Based Standards Applicable as
Approved by the Administrator)
Table 3 to Subpart TTTT of Part 60--Applicability of Subpart A of Part
60 (General Provisions) to Subpart TTTT
Subpart UUUU_Emission Guidelines for Greenhouse Gas Emissions and
Compliance Times for Electric Utility Generating Units
Introduction
60.5700 What is the purpose of this subpart?
60.5705 Which pollutants are regulated by this subpart?
60.5710 Am I affected by this subpart?
60.5715 What is the review and approval process for my plan?
60.5720 What if I do not submit a plan or my plan is not approvable?
60.5725 In lieu of a State plan submittal, are there other acceptable
option(s) for a State to meet its CAA section 111(d)
obligations?
60.5730 Is there an approval process for a negative declaration letter?
60.5735 What authorities will not be delegated to State, local, or
tribal agencies?
60.5736 Will the EPA impose any sanctions?
60.5737 What is the Clean Energy Incentive Program and how do I
participate?
State and Multi-State Plan Requirements
60.5740 What must I include in my federally enforceable State or multi-
State plan?
60.5745 What must I include in my final plan submittal?
60.5750 Can I work with other States to develop a multi-State plan?
60.5760 What are the timing requirements for submitting my plan?
60.5765 What must I include in an initial submittal if requesting an
extension for a final plan submittal?
60.5770 What schedules, performance periods, and compliance periods must
I include in my plan?
60.5775 What emission standards must I include in my plan?
60.5780 What State measures may I rely upon in support of my plan?
60.5785 What is the procedure for revising my plan?
60.5790 What must I do to meet my plan obligations?
Emission Rate Credit Requirements
60.5795 What affected EGUs qualify for generation of ERCs?
60.5800 What other resources qualify for issuance of ERCs?
60.5805 What is the process for the issuance of ERCs?
60.5810 What applicable requirements are there for an ERC tracking
system?
Mass Allocation Requirements
60.5815 What are the requirements for State allocation of allowances in
a mass-based program?
60.5820 What are my allowance tracking requirements?
60.5825 What is the process for affected EGUs to demonstrate compliance
in a mass-based program?
Evaluation Measurement and Verification Plans and Monitoring and
Verification Reports
60.5830 What are the requirements for EM&V plans for eligible resources?
60.5835 What are the requirements for M&V reports for eligible
resources?
Applicability of Plans to Affected EGUs
60.5840 Does this subpart directly affect EGU owners or operators in my
State?
60.5845 What affected EGUs must I address in my State plan?
60.5850 What EGUs are excluded from being affected EGUs?
[[Page 28]]
60.5855 What are the CO2 emission performance rates for
affected EGUs?
60.5860 What applicable monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting
requirements do I need to include in my plan for affected
EGUs?
Recordkeeping and Reporting Requirements
60.5865 What are my recordkeeping requirements?
60.5870 What are my reporting and notification requirements?
60.5875 How do I submit information required by these emission
guidelines to the EPA?
Definitions
60.5880 What definitions apply to this subpart?
Table 1 to Subpart UUUU of Part 60--CO2 Emission Performance
Rates (Pounds of CO2 per Net MWh)
Table 2 to Subpart UUUU of Part 60--Statewide Rate-Based CO2
Emission Goals (Pounds of CO2 per Net MWh)
Table 3 to Subpart UUUU of Part 60--Statewide Mass-Based CO2
Emission Goals (Short Tons of CO2)
Table 4 to Subpart UUUU of Part 60--Statewide Mass-Based CO2
Emission Goals plus New Source CO2 Emission
Complement (Short Tons of CO2)
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.
Source: 36 FR 24877, Dec. 23, 1971, unless otherwise noted.
Subpart XX_Standards of Performance for Bulk Gasoline Terminals
Source: 48 FR 37590, Aug. 18, 1983, unless otherwise noted.
Sec. 60.500 Applicability and designation of affected facility.
(a) The affected facility to which the provisions of this subpart
apply is the total of all the loading racks at a bulk gasoline terminal
which deliver liquid product into gasoline tank trucks.
(b) Each facility under paragraph (a) of this section, the
construction or modification of which is commenced after December 17,
1980, is subject to the provisions of this subpart.
(c) For purposes of this subpart, any replacement of components of
an existing facility, described in paragraph (a) of this section,
commenced before August 18, 1983 in order to comply with any emission
standard adopted by a State or political subdivision thereof will not be
considered a reconstruction under the provisions of 40 CFR 60.15.
Note: The intent of these standards is to minimize the emissions of
VOC through the application of best demonstrated technologies (BDT). The
numerical emission limits in this standard are expressed in terms of
total organic compounds. This emission limit reflects the performance of
BDT.
Sec. 60.501 Definitions.
The terms used in this subpart are defined in the Clean Air Act, in
Sec. 60.2 of this part, or in this section as follows:
Bulk gasoline terminal means any gasoline facility which receives
gasoline by pipeline, ship or barge, and has a gasoline throughput
greater than 75,700 liters per day. Gasoline throughput shall be the
maximum calculated design throughput as may be limited by compliance
with an enforceable condition under Federal, State or local law and
discoverable by the Administrator and any other person.
Continuous vapor processing system means a vapor processing system
that treats total organic compounds vapors collected from gasoline tank
trucks on a demand basis without intermediate accumulation in a vapor
holder.
Existing vapor processing system means a vapor processing system
[capable of achieving emissions to the atmosphere no greater than 80
milligrams of total organic compounds per liter of gasoline loaded], the
construction or refurbishment of which was commenced before December 17,
1980, and which was not constructed or refurbished after that date.
Flare means a thermal oxidation system using an open (without
enclosure) flame.
Gasoline means any petroleum distillate or petroleum distillate/
alcohol blend having a Reid vapor pressure of 27.6 kilopascals or
greater which is used as a fuel for internal combustion engines.
Gasoline tank truck means a delivery tank truck used at bulk
gasoline terminals which is loading gasoline or which has loaded
gasoline on the immediately previous load.
Intermittent vapor processing system means a vapor processing system
that
[[Page 29]]
employs an intermediate vapor holder to accumulate total organic
compounds vapors collected from gasoline tank trucks, and treats the
accumulated vapors only during automatically controlled cycles.
Loading rack means the loading arms, pumps, meters, shutoff valves,
relief valves, and other piping and valves necessary to fill delivery
tank trucks.
Refurbishment means, with reference to a vapor processing system,
replacement of components of, or addition of components to, the system
within any 2-year period such that the fixed capital cost of the new
components required for such component replacement or addition exceeds
50 percent of the cost of a comparable entirely new system.
Thermal oxidation system means a combustion device used to mix and
ignite fuel, air pollutants, and air to provide a flame to heat and
oxidize hazardous air pollutants. Auxiliary fuel may be used to heat air
pollutants to combustion temperatures.
Total organic compounds means those compounds measured according to
the procedures in Sec. 60.503.
Vapor collection system means any equipment used for containing
total organic compounds vapors displaced during the loading of gasoline
tank trucks.
Vapor processing system means all equipment used for recovering or
oxidizing total organic compounds vapors displaced from the affected
facility.
Vapor-tight gasoline tank truck means a gasoline tank truck which
has demonstrated within the 12 preceding months that its product
delivery tank will sustain a pressure change of not more than 750
pascals (75 mm of water) within 5 minutes after it is pressurized to
4,500 pascals (450 mm of water). This capability is to be demonstrated
using the pressure test procedure specified in Method 27.
[48 FR 37590, Aug. 18, 1983, as amended at 65 FR 61763, Oct. 17, 2000;
68 FR 70965, Dec. 19, 2003]
Sec. 60.502 Standard for Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) emissions
from bulk gasoline terminals.
On and after the date on which Sec. 60.8(a) requires a performance
test to be completed, the owner or operator of each bulk gasoline
terminal containing an affected facility shall comply with the
requirements of this section.
(a) Each affected facility shall be equipped with a vapor collection
system designed to collect the total organic compounds vapors displaced
from tank trucks during product loading.
(b) The emissions to the atmosphere from the vapor collection system
due to the loading of liquid product into gasoline tank trucks are not
to exceed 35 milligrams of total organic compounds per liter of gasoline
loaded, except as noted in paragraph (c) of this section.
(c) For each affected facility equipped with an existing vapor
processing system, the emissions to the atmosphere from the vapor
collection system due to the loading of liquid product into gasoline
tank trucks are not to exceed 80 milligrams of total organic compounds
per liter of gasoline loaded.
(d) Each vapor collection system shall be designed to prevent any
total organic compounds vapors collected at one loading rack from
passing to another loading rack.
(e) Loadings of liquid product into gasoline tank trucks shall be
limited to vapor-tight gasoline tank trucks using the following
procedures:
(1) The owner or operator shall obtain the vapor tightness
documentation described in Sec. 60.505(b) for each gasoline tank truck
which is to be loaded at the affected facility.
(2) The owner or operator shall require the tank identification
number to be recorded as each gasoline tank truck is loaded at the
affected facility.
(3)(i) The owner or operator shall cross-check each tank
identification number obtained in paragraph (e)(2) of this section with
the file of tank vapor tightness documentation within 2 weeks after the
corresponding tank is loaded, unless either of the following conditions
is maintained:
(A) If less than an average of one gasoline tank truck per month
over the last 26 weeks is loaded without vapor tightness documentation
then the documentation cross-check shall be performed each quarter; or
(B) If less than an average of one gasoline tank truck per month
over the
[[Page 30]]
last 52 weeks is loaded without vapor tightness documentation then the
documentation cross-check shall be performed semiannually.
(ii) If either the quarterly or semiannual cross-check provided in
paragraphs (e)(3)(i) (A) through (B) of this section reveals that these
conditions were not maintained, the source must return to biweekly
monitoring until such time as these conditions are again met.
(4) The terminal owner or operator shall notify the owner or
operator of each non-vapor-tight gasoline tank truck loaded at the
affected facility within 1 week of the documentation cross-check in
paragraph (e)(3) of this section.
(5) The terminal owner or operator shall take steps assuring that
the nonvapor-tight gasoline tank truck will not be reloaded at the
affected facility until vapor tightness documentation for that tank is
obtained.
(6) Alternate procedures to those described in paragraphs (e)(1)
through (5) of this section for limiting gasoline tank truck loadings
may be used upon application to, and approval by, the Administrator.
(f) The owner or operator shall act to assure that loadings of
gasoline tank trucks at the affected facility are made only into tanks
equipped with vapor collection equipment that is compatible with the
terminal's vapor collection system.
(g) The owner or operator shall act to assure that the terminal's
and the tank truck's vapor collection systems are connected during each
loading of a gasoline tank truck at the affected facility. Examples of
actions to accomplish this include training drivers in the hookup
procedures and posting visible reminder signs at the affected loading
racks.
(h) The vapor collection and liquid loading equipment shall be
designed and operated to prevent gauge pressure in the delivery tank
from exceeding 4,500 pascals (450 mm of water) during product loading.
This level is not to be exceeded when measured by the procedures
specified in Sec. 60.503(d).
(i) No pressure-vacuum vent in the bulk gasoline terminal's vapor
collection system shall begin to open at a system pressure less than
4,500 pascals (450 mm of water).
(j) Each calendar month, the vapor collection system, the vapor
processing system, and each loading rack handling gasoline shall be
inspected during the loading of gasoline tank trucks for total organic
compounds liquid or vapor leaks. For purposes of this paragraph,
detection methods incorporating sight, sound, or smell are acceptable.
Each detection of a leak shall be recorded and the source of the leak
repaired within 15 calendar days after it is detected.
[48 FR 37590, Aug. 18, 1983; 48 FR 56580, Dec. 22, 1983, as amended at
54 FR 6678, Feb. 14, 1989; 64 FR 7466, Feb. 12, 1999]
Sec. 60.503 Test methods and procedures.
(a) In conducting the performance tests required in Sec. 60.8, the
owner or operator shall use as reference methods and procedures the test
methods in appendix A of this part or other methods and procedures as
specified in this section, except as provided in Sec. 60.8(b). The
three-run requirement of Sec. 60.8(f) does not apply to this subpart.
(b) Immediately before the performance test required to determine
compliance with Sec. 60.502 (b), (c), and (h), the owner or operator
shall use Method 21 to monitor for leakage of vapor all potential
sources in the terminal's vapor collection system equipment while a
gasoline tank truck is being loaded. The owner or operator shall repair
all leaks with readings of 10,000 ppm (as methane) or greater before
conducting the performance test.
(c) The owner or operator shall determine compliance with the
standards in Sec. 60.502 (b) and (c) as follows:
(1) The performance test shall be 6 hours long during which at least
300,000 liters of gasoline is loaded. If this is not possible, the test
may be continued the same day until 300,000 liters of gasoline is loaded
or the test may be resumed the next day with another complete 6-hour
period. In the latter case, the 300,000-liter criterion need not be met.
However, as much as possible, testing should be conducted during the 6-
hour period in which the highest throughput normally occurs.
[[Page 31]]
(2) If the vapor processing system is intermittent in operation, the
performance test shall begin at a reference vapor holder level and shall
end at the same reference point. The test shall include at least two
startups and shutdowns of the vapor processor. If this does not occur
under automatically controlled operations, the system shall be manually
controlled.
(3) The emission rate (E) of total organic compounds shall be
computed using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC16NO91.063
where:
E = emission rate of total organic compounds, mg/liter of gasoline
loaded.
Vesi = volume of air-vapor mixture exhausted at each interval
``i'', scm.
Cei = concentration of total organic compounds at each
interval ``i'', ppm.
L = total volume of gasoline loaded, liters.
n = number of testing intervals.
i = emission testing interval of 5 minutes.
K = density of calibration gas, 1.83 x 10\6\ for propane and 2.41 x
10\6\ for butane, mg/scm.
(4) The performance test shall be conducted in intervals of 5
minutes. For each interval ``i'', readings from each measurement shall
be recorded, and the volume exhausted (Vesi) and the
corresponding average total organic compounds concentration
(Cei) shall be determined. The sampling system response time
shall be considered in determining the average total organic compounds
concentration corresponding to the volume exhausted.
(5) The following methods shall be used to determine the volume
(Vesi) air-vapor mixture exhausted at each interval:
(i) Method 2B shall be used for combustion vapor processing systems.
(ii) Method 2A shall be used for all other vapor processing systems.
(6) Method 25A or 25B shall be used for determining the total
organic compounds concentration (Cei) at each interval. The
calibration gas shall be either propane or butane. The owner or operator
may exclude the methane and ethane content in the exhaust vent by any
method (e.g., Method 18) approved by the Administrator.
(7) To determine the volume (L) of gasoline dispensed during the
performance test period at all loading racks whose vapor emissions are
controlled by the processing system being tested, terminal records or
readings from gasoline dispensing meters at each loading rack shall be
used.
(d) The owner or operator shall determine compliance with the
standard in Sec. 60.502(h) as follows:
(1) A pressure measurement device (liquid manometer, magnehelic
gauge, or equivalent instrument), capable of measuring up to 500 mm of
water gauge pressure with [2.5 mm of water precision, shall be
calibrated and installed on the terminal's vapor collection system at a
pressure tap located as close as possible to the connection with the
gasoline tank truck.
(2) During the performance test, the pressure shall be recorded
every 5 minutes while a gasoline truck is being loaded; the highest
instantaneous pressure that occurs during each loading shall also be
recorded. Every loading position must be tested at least once during the
performance test.
(e) The performance test requirements of paragraph (c) of this
section do not apply to flares defined in Sec. 60.501 and meeting the
requirements in Sec. 60.18(b) through (f). The owner or operator shall
demonstrate that the flare and associated vapor collection system is in
compliance with the requirements in Secs. 60.18(b) through (f) and
60.503(a), (b), and (d).
(f) The owner or operator shall use alternative test methods and
procedures in accordance with the alternative test method provisions in
Sec. 60.8(b) for flares that do not meet the requirements in
Sec. 60.18(b).
[54 FR 6678, Feb. 14, 1989; 54 FR 21344, Feb. 14, 1989, as amended at 68
FR 70965, Dec. 19, 2003]
Sec. 60.504 [Reserved]
Sec. 60.505 Reporting and recordkeeping.
(a) The tank truck vapor tightness documentation required under
Sec. 60.502(e)(1) shall be kept on file at the terminal in a permanent
form available for inspection.
(b) The documentation file for each gasoline tank truck shall be
updated at least once per year to reflect current test results as
determined by Method 27. This documentation shall include,
[[Page 32]]
as a minimum, the following information:
(1) Test title: Gasoline Delivery Tank Pressure Test--EPA Reference
Method 27.
(2) Tank owner and address.
(3) Tank identification number.
(4) Testing location.
(5) Date of test.
(6) Tester name and signature.
(7) Witnessing inspector, if any: Name, signature, and affiliation.
(8) Test results: Actual pressure change in 5 minutes, mm of water
(average for 2 runs).
(c) A record of each monthly leak inspection required under
Sec. 60.502(j) shall be kept on file at the terminal for at least 2
years. Inspection records shall include, as a minimum, the following
information:
(1) Date of inspection.
(2) Findings (may indicate no leaks discovered; or location, nature,
and severity of each leak).
(3) Leak determination method.
(4) Corrective action (date each leak repaired; reasons for any
repair interval in excess of 15 days).
(5) Inspector name and signature.
(d) The terminal owner or operator shall keep documentation of all
notifications required under Sec. 60.502(e)(4) on file at the terminal
for at least 2 years.
(e) As an alternative to keeping records at the terminal of each
gasoline cargo tank test result as required in paragraphs (a), (c), and
(d) of this section, an owner or operator may comply with the
requirements in either paragraph (e)(1) or (2) of this section.
(1) An electronic copy of each record is instantly available at the
terminal.
(i) The copy of each record in paragraph (e)(1) of this section is
an exact duplicate image of the original paper record with certifying
signatures.
(ii) The permitting authority is notified in writing that each
terminal using this alternative is in compliance with paragraph (e)(1)
of this section.
(2) For facilities that utilize a terminal automation system to
prevent gasoline cargo tanks that do not have valid cargo tank vapor
tightness documentation from loading (e.g., via a card lock-out system),
a copy of the documentation is made available (e.g., via facsimile) for
inspection by permitting authority representatives during the course of
a site visit, or within a mutually agreeable time frame.
(i) The copy of each record in paragraph (e)(2) of this section is
an exact duplicate image of the original paper record with certifying
signatures.
(ii) The permitting authority is notified in writing that each
terminal using this alternative is in compliance with paragraph (e)(2)
of this section.
(f) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall keep records
of all replacements or additions of components performed on an existing
vapor processing system for at least 3 years.
[48 FR 37590, Aug. 18, 1983; 48 FR 56580, Dec. 22, 1983, as amended at
68 FR 70965, Dec. 19, 2003]
Sec. 60.506 Reconstruction.
For purposes of this subpart:
(a) The cost of the following frequently replaced components of the
affected facility shall not be considered in calculating either the
``fixed capital cost of the new components'' or the ``fixed capital
costs that would be required to construct a comparable entirely new
facility'' under Sec. 60.15: pump seals, loading arm gaskets and
swivels, coupler gaskets, overfill sensor couplers and cables, flexible
vapor hoses, and grounding cables and connectors.
(b) Under Sec. 60.15, the ``fixed capital cost of the new
components'' includes the fixed capital cost of all depreciable
components (except components specified in Sec. 60.506(a)) which are or
will be replaced pursuant to all continuous programs of component
replacement which are commenced within any 2-year period following
December 17, 1980. For purposes of this paragraph, ``commenced'' means
that an owner or operator has undertaken a continuous program of
component replacement or that an owner or operator has entered into a
contractual obligation to undertake and complete, within a reasonable
time, a continuous program of component replacement.
[[Page 33]]
Subpart AAA_Standards of Performance for New Residential Wood Heaters
Source: 80 FR 13702, Mar. 16, 2015, unless otherwise noted.
Sec. 60.530 Am I subject to this subpart?
(a) You are subject to this subpart if you manufacture, sell, offer
for sale, import for sale, distribute, offer to distribute, introduce or
deliver for introduction into commerce in the United States, or install
or operate an affected wood heater specified in paragraphs (a)(1) or
(a)(2) of this section, except as provided in paragraph (c) of this
section.
(1) Each adjustable burn rate wood heater, single burn rate wood
heater and pellet stove manufactured on or after July 1, 1988, with a
current EPA certificate of compliance issued prior to May 15, 2015
according to the certification procedures in effect in this subpart at
the time of certification is an affected wood heater.
(2) All other residential wood heaters as defined in Sec. 60.531
manufactured or sold on or after May 15, 2015 are affected wood heaters,
except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section.
(b) Each affected wood heater must comply with the provisions of
this subpart unless exempted under paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(6) of
this section. These exemptions are determined by rule applicability and
do not require EPA notification or public notice.
(1) Affected wood heaters manufactured in the United States for
export are exempt from the applicable emission limits of Sec. 60.532 and
the requirements of Sec. 60.533.
(2) Affected wood heaters used for research and development purposes
that are never offered for sale or sold and that are not used for the
purpose of providing heat are exempt from the applicable emission limits
of Sec. 60.532 and the requirements of Sec. 60.533. No more than 50 wood
heaters manufactured per model line can be exempted for this purpose.
(3) Appliances that do not burn wood or wood pellets (such as coal-
only heaters that meet the definition in Sec. 60.531 or corn-only pellet
stoves) are exempt from the applicable emission limits of Sec. 60.532
and the requirements of Sec. 60.533 provided that all advertising and
warranties exclude wood burning.
(4) Cook stoves as defined in Sec. 60.531 are exempt from the
applicable emission limits of Sec. 60.532 and the requirements of
Sec. 60.533.
(5) Camp stoves as defined in Sec. 60.531 are exempt from the
applicable emission limits of Sec. 60.532 and the requirements of
Sec. 60.533.
(6) Modification or reconstruction, as defined in Secs. 60.14 and
60.15 of subpart A of this part does not, by itself, make a wood heater
an affected facility under this subpart.
(c) The following are not affected wood heaters and are not subject
to this subpart:
(1) Residential hydronic heaters and residential forced-air furnaces
subject to subpart QQQQ of this part.
(2) Residential masonry heaters that meet the definition in
Sec. 60.531.
(3) Appliances that are not residential heating devices (for
example, manufactured or site-built masonry fireplaces).
(4) Traditional Native American bake ovens that meet the definition
in Sec. 60.531.
Sec. 60.531 What definitions must I know?
As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein have the
meaning given them in the Clean Air Act and subpart A of this part.
Adjustable burn rate wood heater means a wood heater that is
equipped with or installed with a damper or other mechanism to allow the
operator to vary burn rate conditions, regardless of whether it is
internal or external to the appliance. This definition does not
distinguish between heaters that are free standing, built-in or
fireplace inserts.
Approved test laboratory means a test laboratory that is approved
for wood heater certification testing under Sec. 60.535 or is an
independent third-party test laboratory that is accredited under ISO-IEC
Standard 17025 to perform testing using the test methods specified in
Sec. 60.534 by an accreditation body that is a full member signatory to
the International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation Mutual
Recognition Arrangement and approved by the EPA
[[Page 34]]
for conducting testing under this subpart.
Camp stove (sometimes also called cylinder stove or wall tent stove)
means a portable stove equipped with a pipe or chimney exhaust capable
of burning wood or coal intended for use in a tent or other temporary
structure used for hunting, camping, fishing or other outdoor
recreation. The primary purpose of the stove is to provide space
heating, although cooking and heating water may be additional functions.
Catalytic combustor means a device coated with a noble metal used in
a wood heater to lower the temperature required for combustion.
Chip wood fuel means wood chipped into small pieces that are uniform
in size, shape, moisture, density and energy content.
Coal-only heater means an enclosed, coal-burning appliance capable
of space heating or space heating and domestic water heating, which is
marketed and warranted solely as a coal-only heater and has all of the
following characteristics:
(1) An opening for emptying ash that is located near the bottom or
the side of the appliance;
(2) A system that admits air primarily up and through the fuel bed;
(3) A grate or other similar device for shaking or disturbing the
fuel bed or a power-driven or mechanical stoker;
(4) Installation instructions, owner's manual and marketing
information that state that the use of wood in the stove, except for
coal ignition purposes, is prohibited by law; and
(5) A safety listing as a coal-only heater, except for coal ignition
purposes, under accepted American or Canadian safety codes, as
documented by a permanent label from a nationally recognized
certification body.
Commercial owner means any person who owns or controls a wood heater
in the course of the business of the manufacture, importation,
distribution (including shipping and storage), or sale of the wood
heater.
Cook stove means a wood-fired appliance that is designed, marketed
and warranted primarily for cooking food and that has the following
characteristics:
(1) An oven, with volume of 0.028 cubic meters (1 cubic foot) or
greater, and an oven rack;
(2) A device for measuring oven temperatures;
(3) A flame path that is routed around the oven;
(4) An ash pan;
(5) An ash clean-out door below the oven;
(6) The absence of a fan or heat channels to dissipate heat from the
appliance;
(7) A cooking surface with an area measured in square inches or
square feet that is at least 1.5 times greater than the volume of
firebox measured in cubic inches or cubic feet. Example: A cook stove
with a firebox of 2 cubic feet must have a cooking surface of at least 3
square feet;
(8) A portion of at least four sides of the oven (which may include
the bottom and/or top) is exposed to the flame path during the heating
cycle of the oven. A flue gas bypass may exist for temperature control.
Fireplace means a wood-burning appliance intended to be used
primarily for aesthetic enjoyment and not as a space heater. An
appliance is a fireplace if it is in a model line that satisfies the
requirements in paragraphs (1), (2) or (3) of this definition.
(1) The model line includes a safety listing under recognized
American or Canadian safety standards, as documented by a permanent
label from a nationally recognized certification body affixed on each
unit sold, and that said safety listing only allows operation of the
fireplace with doors fully open. Operation with any required safety
screen satisfies this requirement.
(2) The model line has a safety listing that allows operation with
doors closed, has no user-operated controls other than flue or outside
air dampers that can only be adjusted to either a fully closed or fully
opened position, and the requirements in either paragraph (2)(i) or
(2)(ii) of this definition are satisfied.
(i) Appliances are sold with tempered glass panel doors only (either
as standard or optional equipment), or
(ii) The fire viewing area is equal to or greater than 500 square
inches.
[[Page 35]]
(3)(i) A model line that is clearly positioned in the marketplace as
intended to be used primarily for aesthetic enjoyment and not as a room
heater, as demonstrated by product literature (including owner's
manuals), advertising targeted at the trade or public (including web-
based promotional materials) or training materials is presumptively a
fireplace model line.
(ii) The presumption in paragraph (3)(i) of this definition can be
rebutted by test data from an EPA-approved test laboratory reviewed by
an EPA-approved third-party certifier that were generated when operating
the appliance with the door(s) closed, and that demonstrate an average
stack gas carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration over the
duration of the test run equal to or less than 5.00 percent and a ratio
of the average stack gas CO2 to the average stack gas carbon
monoxide (CO) equal to or greater than 15:1. The stack gas average
CO2 and CO concentrations for the test run shall be
determined in accordance with the requirements in CSA B415.1-10 (IBR,
see Sec. 60.17), clause 6.3, using a sampling interval no greater than 1
minute. The average stack gas CO2 and CO concentrations for
purposes of this determination shall be the average of the stack gas
concentrations from all sampling intervals over the full test run.
Manufactured means completed and ready for shipment (whether or not
assembled or packaged) for purposes of determining the date of
manufacture.
Manufacturer means any entity that constructs or imports into the
United States a wood heater.
Model line means all wood heaters offered for sale by a single
manufacturer that are similar in all material respects that would affect
emissions as defined in this section.
Particulate matter (PM) means total particulate matter including
coarse particulate (PM10) and fine particulate
(PM2.5).
Pellet fuel means refined and densified fuel shaped into small
pellets or briquettes that are uniform in size, shape, moisture, density
and energy content.
Pellet stove (sometimes called pellet heater or pellet space heater)
means an enclosed, pellet or chip fuel-burning device capable of and
intended for residential space heating or space heating and domestic
water heating. Pellet stoves include a fuel storage hopper or bin and a
fuel feed system. Pellet stoves include, but are not limited to:
(1) Free-standing pellet stoves--pellet stoves that are installed on
legs or on a pedestal or other supporting base. These stoves generally
are safety listed under ASTM E1509, UL-1482, ULC S627 or ULC-ORD C1482.
(2) Pellet stove fireplace inserts--pellet stoves intended to be
installed in masonry fireplace cavities or in other enclosures. These
stoves generally are safety listed under ASTM E1509, UL-1482, ULC-S628
or ULC-ORD C1482.
(3) Built-in pellet stoves--pellet stoves intended to be recessed
into the wall. These stoves generally are safety listed under ASTM
E1509, UL-127, ULC-S610 or ULC-ORD C1482.
Representative affected wood heater means an individual wood heater
that is similar in all material respects that would affect emissions to
other wood heaters within the model line it represents.
Residential masonry heater means a factory-built or site-built wood-
burning device in which the heat from intermittent fires burned rapidly
in the firebox is stored in the refractory mass for slow release to
building spaces. Masonry heaters are site-built (using local materials
or a combination of local materials and manufactured components) or
site-assembled (using factory-built components), solid fuel-burning
heating appliances constructed mainly of refractory materials (e.g.,
masonry materials or soapstone. They typically have an interior
construction consisting of a firebox and heat exchange channels built
from refractory components, through which flue gases are routed. ASTM E-
1602 ``Standard Guide for Construction of Solid Fuel Burning Masonry
Heaters'' provides design and construction information for the range of
masonry heaters most commonly built in the United States. The site-
assembled models are generally listed to UL-1482.
Sale means the transfer of ownership or control, except that a
transfer of control of an affected wood heater for research and
development purposes
[[Page 36]]
within the scope of Sec. 60.530(b)(2) is not a sale.
Similar in all material respects that would affect emissions means
that the construction materials, exhaust and inlet air systems and other
design features are within the allowed tolerances for components
identified in Sec. 60.533(k)(2), (3) and (4).
Single burn rate wood heater means a wood heater that is not
equipped with or installed with a burn control device to allow the
operator to vary burn rate conditions. Burn rate control devices include
stack dampers that control the outflow of flue gases from the heater to
the chimney, whether built into the appliance, sold with it, or
recommended for use with the heater by the manufacturer, retailer or
installer; and air control slides, gates or any other type of mechanisms
that control combustion air flow into the heater.
Sold at retail means the sale by a commercial owner of a wood heater
to the ultimate purchaser/user or noncommercial purchaser.
Third-party certifier (sometimes called third-party certifying body
or product certifying body) means an independent third party that is
accredited under ISO-IEC Standards 17025 and 17065 to perform
certifications, inspections and audits by an accreditation body that is
a full member signatory to the International Laboratory Accreditation
Cooperation Mutual Recognition Arrangement and approved by the EPA for
conducting certifications, inspections and audits under this subpart.
Traditional Native American bake oven means a wood or other solid
fuel burning appliance that is designed primarily for use by Native
Americans for food preparation, cooking, warming or for instructional,
recreational, cultural or ceremonial purposes.
Unseasoned wood means wood with an average moisture content of 20
percent or more.
Valid certification test means a test that meets the following
criteria:
(1) The Administrator was notified about the test in accordance with
Sec. 60.534(g);
(2) The test was conducted by an approved test laboratory as defined
in this section;
(3) The test was conducted on a wood heater similar in all material
respects that would affect emissions to other wood heaters of the model
line that is to be certified; and
(4) The test was conducted in accordance with the test methods and
procedures specified in Sec. 60.534.
Wood heater means an enclosed, wood burning-appliance capable of and
intended for residential space heating or space heating and domestic
water heating. These devices include, but are not limited to, adjustable
burn rate wood heaters, single burn rate wood heaters and pellet stoves.
Wood heaters may or may not include air ducts to deliver some portion of
the heat produced to areas other than the space where the wood heater is
located. Wood heaters include, but are not limited to:
(1) Free-standing wood heaters--Wood heaters that are installed on
legs, on a pedestal or suspended from the ceiling. These products
generally are safety listed under UL-1482, UL-737 or ULC-S627.
(2) Fireplace insert wood heaters--Wood heaters intended to be
installed in masonry fireplace cavities or in other enclosures. These
appliances generally are safety listed under UL-1482, UL-737 or ULC-
S628.
(3) Built-in wood heaters--Wood heaters that are intended to be
recessed into the wall. These appliances generally are safety listed
under UL-1482, UL-737, UL-127 or ULC-S610.
Sec. 60.532 What standards and associated requirements must I meet
and by when?
(a) 2015 particulate matter emission standards. Unless exempted
under Sec. 60.530(b), each affected wood heater manufactured, imported
into the United States, and/or sold at retail on or after May 15, 2015
must be certified to not discharge into the atmosphere any gases that
contain particulate matter in excess of a weighted average of 4.5 g/hr
(0.010 lb/hr), except that a wood heater manufactured before May 15,
2015 may be imported into the United States and/or sold at retail on or
before December 31, 2015. Compliance for all heaters must be determined
by the test methods and procedures in Sec. 60.534.
[[Page 37]]
(b) 2020 particulate matter emission standards. Unless exempted
under Sec. 60.530(b) or electing to use the cord wood alternative means
of compliance option in paragraph (c) of the section, each affected wood
heater manufactured or sold at retail for use in the United States on or
after May 15, 2020 must not discharge into the atmosphere any gases that
contain particulate matter in excess of a weighted average of 2.0 g/hr
(0.0044 lb/hr). Compliance for all heaters must be determined by the
test methods and procedures in Sec. 60.534.
(c) 2020 cord wood alternative compliance option. Each affected wood
heater manufactured or sold at retail for use in the United States on or
after May 15, 2020 must not discharge into the atmosphere any gases that
contain particulate matter in excess of a weighted average of 2.5 g/hr
(0.0055 lb/hr). Compliance must be determined by a cord wood test method
approved by the Administrator and the procedures in Sec. 60.534.
(d) Chip wood fuel requirements. Operators of wood heaters that are
certified to burn chip wood fuels must only burn chip wood fuels that
have been specified in the owner's manual. The chip wood fuel must meet
the following minimum requirements:
(1) Moisture content: less than 35 percent;
(2) Inorganic fines: less than or equal to 1 percent;
(3) Chlorides: less than or equal to 300 parts per million by
weight;
(4) Ash content: no more than 2 percent;
(5) No demolition or construction waste; and
(6) Trace metals: less than 100 mg/kg.
(e) Pellet fuel requirements. Operators of wood heaters that are
certified to burn pellet fuels must only burn pellets that have been
specified in the owner's manual and graded under a licensing agreement
with a third-party organization approved by the EPA. The Pellet Fuels
Institute, ENplus and CANplus are initially deemed to be approved third-
party organizations for this purpose, and additional organizations may
apply to the Administrator for approval. The pellet fuel must meet the
following minimum requirements as assured through a quality assurance
program licensed by a third-party organization approved by the EPA:
(1) Density: consistent hardness and energy content with a minimum
density of 38 pounds/cubic foot;
(2) Dimensions: maximum length of 1.5 inches and diameter between
0.230 and 0.285 inches;
(3) Inorganic fines: less than or equal to 1 percent;
(4) Chlorides: less than or equal to 300 parts per million by
weight;
(5) Ash content: no more than 2 percent;
(6) Contains no demolition or construction waste;
(7) Trace metals: less than 100 mg/kg; and
(8) None of the prohibited fuels in paragraph (f) of this section.
(f) Prohibited fuel types. No person is permitted to burn any of the
following materials in an affected wood heater:
(1) Residential or commercial garbage;
(2) Lawn clippings or yard waste;
(3) Materials containing rubber, including tires;
(4) Materials containing plastic;
(5) Waste petroleum products, paints or paint thinners, or asphalt
products;
(6) Materials containing asbestos;
(7) Construction or demolition debris;
(8) Paper products, cardboard, plywood, or particleboard. The
prohibition against burning these materials does not prohibit the use of
fire starters made from paper, cardboard, sawdust, wax and similar
substances for the purpose of starting a fire in an affected wood
heater;
(9) Railroad ties, pressure-treated wood or pallets;
(10) Manure or animal remains;
(11) Salt water driftwood or other previously salt water saturated
materials;
(12) Unseasoned wood;
(13) Any materials that are not included in the warranty and owner's
manual for the subject wood heater; or
(14) Any materials that were not included in the certification tests
for the subject wood heater.
(g) Operation of affected wood heaters. The user of an affected
residential wood heater must operate the heater in a manner consistent
with the owner's
[[Page 38]]
manual. The owner's manual must clearly specify that operation in a
manner inconsistent with the owner's manual would void the warranty.
(h) Temperature sensor requirement. An affected wood heater equipped
with a catalytic combustor must be equipped with a temperature sensor
that can monitor combustor gas stream temperatures within or immediately
downstream [within 2.54 centimeters (1 inch)] of the catalytic combustor
surface.
Sec. 60.533 What compliance and certification requirements must
I meet and by when?
(a) Certification requirement. Each affected wood heater must be
certified to be in compliance with the applicable emission standards and
other requirements of this subpart. For each model line manufactured or
sold by a single entity (e.g., company or manufacturer), compliance with
applicable emission standards of Sec. 60.532 must be determined based on
testing of representative affected wood heaters within the model line.
If one entity licenses a model line to another entity, each entity's
model line must be certified. If an entity intends to change the name of
the entity or the name of the model, the manufacturer must apply for a
new certification 60 days before the intended name change.
(1) Except for model lines meeting the requirements of paragraph
(h)(1) of this section, on or after May 15, 2015, the manufacturer must
submit to the Administrator the information required in paragraph (b) of
this section and follow either the certification process in paragraphs
(c) through (e) of this section or the third-party certifier-based
application process specified in paragraph (f) of this section.
(2) On or after May 16, 2016, the manufacturer must submit the
information required in paragraph (b) of this section and follow the
third-party certifier-based application process specified in paragraph
(f) of this section.
(b) Application for a certificate of compliance. Any manufacturer of
an affected wood heater must apply to the Administrator for a
certificate of compliance for each model line. The application must be
submitted to: [email protected]. The application must be signed
by a responsible representative of the manufacturer or an authorized
representative and must contain the following:
(1) The model name and design number. The model name and design
number must clearly distinguish one model from another. The name and
design number cannot include the EPA symbol or logo or name or
derivatives such as ``EPA.''
(2) Engineering drawings and specifications of components that may
affect emissions (including specifications for each component listed in
paragraph (k)(2), (3) and (4) of this section). Manufacturers may use
assembly or design drawings that have been prepared for other purposes,
but must designate on the drawings the dimensions of each component
listed in paragraph (k) of this section. Manufacturers must identify
tolerances of components listed in paragraph (k)(2) of this section that
are different from those specified in that paragraph, and show that such
tolerances cannot reasonably be anticipated to cause wood heaters in the
model line to exceed the applicable emission limits. The drawings must
identify how the emission-critical parts, such as air tubes and
catalyst, can be readily inspected and replaced.
(3) A statement whether the firebox or any firebox component
(including the materials listed in paragraph (k)(3) of this section)
will be composed of material different from the material used for the
firebox or firebox component in the wood heater on which certification
testing was performed, a description of any such differences and
demonstration that any such differences may not reasonably be
anticipated to adversely affect emissions or efficiency.
(4) Clear identification of any claimed confidential business
information (CBI). Submit such information under separate cover to the
EPA CBI Office; Attn: Residential Wood Heater Compliance Program Lead,
1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20004. Note that all
emissions data, including all information necessary to determine
emission rates in the format of the standard, cannot be claimed as CBI.
[[Page 39]]
(5) All documentation pertaining to a valid certification test,
including the complete test report and, for all test runs: Raw data
sheets, laboratory technician notes, calculations and test results.
Documentation must include the items specified in the applicable test
methods. Documentation must include discussion of each test run and its
appropriateness and validity, and must include detailed discussion of
all anomalies, whether all burn rate categories were achieved, any data
not used in the calculations and, for any test runs not completed, the
data collected during the test run and the reason(s) that the test run
was not completed and why. The burn rate for the low burn rate category
must be no greater than the rate that an operator can achieve in home
use and no greater than is advertised by the manufacturer or retailer.
The test report must include a summary table that clearly presents the
individual and overall emission rates, efficiencies and heat outputs.
Submit the test report and all associated required information,
according to the procedures for electronic reporting specified in
Sec. 60.537(f).
(6) A copy of the warranties for the model line, which must include
a statement that the warranties are void if the unit is used to burn
materials for which the unit is not certified by the EPA and void if not
operated according to the owner's manual.
(7) A statement that the manufacturer will conduct a quality
assurance program for the model line that satisfies the requirements of
paragraph (m) of this section.
(8) A statement describing how the tested unit was sealed by the
laboratory after the completion of certification testing and asserting
that such unit will be stored by the manufacturer in the sealed state
until 5 years after the certification test.
(9) Statements that the wood heaters manufactured under this
certificate will be--
(i) Similar in all material respects that would affect emissions as
defined in Sec. 60.531 to the wood heater submitted for certification
testing, and
(ii) Labeled as prescribed in Sec. 60.536.
(iii) Accompanied by an owner's manual that meets the requirements
in Sec. 60.536. In addition, a copy of the owner's manual must be
submitted to the Administrator and be available to the public on the
manufacturer's Web site.
(10) A statement that the manufacturer has entered into contracts
with an approved laboratory and an approved third-party certifier that
satisfy the requirements of paragraph (f) of this section.
(11) A statement that the approved laboratory and approved third-
party certifier are allowed to submit information on behalf of the
manufacturer, including any claimed to be CBI.
(12) A statement that the manufacturer will place a copy of the
certification test report and summary on the manufacturer's Web site
available to the public within 30 days after the Administrator issues a
certificate of compliance.
(13) A statement of acknowledgment that the certificate of
compliance cannot be transferred to another manufacturer or model line
without written approval by the Administrator.
(14) A statement acknowledging that it is unlawful to sell,
distribute or offer to sell or distribute an affected wood heater
without a valid certificate of compliance.
(15) Contact information for the responsible representative of the
manufacturer and all authorized representatives, including name,
affiliation, physical address, telephone number and email address.
(c) Administrator approval process. (1) The Administrator may issue
a certificate of compliance for a model line if the Administrator
determines, based on all information submitted by the applicant and any
other relevant information available, that:
(i) A valid certification test demonstrates that the representative
affected wood heater complies with the applicable emission standards in
Sec. 60.532;
(ii) Any tolerances or materials for components listed in paragraph
(k)(2) or (3) of this section that are different from those specified in
those paragraphs may not reasonably be anticipated to cause wood heaters
in the model line to exceed the applicable emission limits; and
[[Page 40]]
(iii) The requirements of paragraph (b) of this section have been
met.
(2) The Administrator will deny certification if the Administrator
determines that the criteria in paragraph (c)(1) of this section have
not been satisfied. Upon denying certification under this paragraph, the
Administrator will give written notice to the manufacturer setting forth
the basis for this determination.
(d) Level of compliance certification. The Administrator will issue
the certificate of compliance for the most stringent particulate matter
emission standard that the tested representative wood heater meets under
Sec. 60.532.
(e) Conditional, temporary certificate of compliance. A conditional,
temporary certificate of compliance may be granted by the Administrator
until May 16, 2016 based on the manufacturer's submittal of a complete
certification application meeting all the requirements in
Sec. 60.533(b). The application must include the full test report by an
EPA-approved laboratory and all required compliance statements by the
manufacturer with the exception of a certificate of conformity by an
EPA-approved third-party certifier. The conditional, temporary
certificate of compliance would allow manufacture and sales of the
affected wood heater model line until May 16, 2016 or until the
Administrator completes the review of the application, whichever is
earlier. By May 16, 2016, the manufacturer must submit a certificate of
conformity by an EPA-approved third-party certifier.
(f) Third-party certifier-based application process. (1) Any
manufacturer of an affected wood heater must apply to the Administrator
for a certificate of compliance for each model line. The manufacturer
must meet the following requirements:
(i) The manufacturer must contract with a third-party certifier for
certification services. The contract must include regular (at least
annual) unannounced audits under ISO-IEC Standard 17065 to ensure that
the manufacturer's quality assurance plan is being implemented. The
contract must also include a report for each audit under ISO-IEC
Standard 17065 that fully documents the results of the audit. The
contract must include authorization and requirement for the third-party
certifier to submit all such reports to the Administrator and the
manufacturer within 30 days of the audit. The audit report must identify
deviations from the manufacturer's quality assurance plan and specify
the corrective actions that need to be taken to address each identified
deficiency.
(ii) The manufacturer must submit the materials specified in
paragraph (b) of this section and a quality assurance plan that meets
the requirements of paragraph (m) of this section to the third-party
certifier. The quality assurance plan must ensure that units within a
model line will be similar in all material respects that would affect
emissions to the wood heater submitted for certification testing, and it
must include design drawings for the model line.
(iii) The manufacturer must apply to the third-party certifier for a
certification of conformity with the applicable requirements of this
subpart for the model line.
(A) After testing by an approved test laboratory is complete,
certification of conformity with the emission standards in Sec. 60.532
must be performed by the manufacturer's contracted third-party
certifier.
(B) The third-party certifier may certify conformity if the emission
tests have been conducted per the appropriate guidelines; the test
report is complete and accurate; the instrumentation used for the test
was properly calibrated; the test report shows that the representative
affected wood heater meets the applicable emission limits specified in
Sec. 60.532; the quality assurance plan is adequate to ensure that units
within the model line will be similar in all material respects that
would affect emissions to the wood heater submitted for certification
testing; and that the affected heaters would meet all applicable
requirements of this subpart.
(iv) The manufacturer must then submit to the Administrator an
application for a certificate of compliance that includes the
certification of conformity, quality assurance plan, test report and all
supporting documentation specified in paragraph (b) of this section.
[[Page 41]]
(v) The submission also must include a statement signed by a
responsible official of the manufacturer or authorized representative
that the manufacturer has complied with and will continue to comply with
all requirements of this subpart for certificate of compliance and that
the manufacturer remains responsible for compliance regardless of any
error by the test laboratory or third-party certifier.
(2) The Administrator will issue to the manufacturer a certificate
of compliance for a model line if it is determined, based on all of the
information submitted in the application for certification and any other
relevant information, that:
(i) A valid certification of conformity has demonstrated that the
representative affected wood heater complies with the applicable
emission standards in Sec. 60.532;
(ii) Any tolerances or materials for components listed in paragraph
(k)(2) or (3) of this section that are different from those specified in
those paragraphs may not be reasonably anticipated to cause wood heaters
in the model line to exceed the applicable emission limits;
(iii) The requirements of paragraph (b) of this section have been
met; and
(iv) A valid certificate of conformity for the model line has been
prepared and submitted.
(3) The Administrator will deny certification if the Administrator
determines that the criteria in paragraph (f)(2) of this section have
not been satisfied. Upon denying certification under this paragraph, the
Administrator will give written notice to the manufacturer setting forth
the basis for the determination.
(g) Waiver from submitting test results. An applicant for
certification may apply for a potential waiver of the requirement to
submit the results of a certification test pursuant to paragraph (b)(5)
of this section, if the wood heater meets either of the following
conditions:
(1) The wood heaters of the model line are similar in all material
respects that would affect emissions, as defined in Sec. 60.531, to
another model line that has already been issued a certificate of
compliance. A manufacturer that seeks a waiver of certification testing
must identify the model line that has been certified, and must submit a
copy of an agreement with the owner of the design permitting the
applicant to produce wood heaters of that design.
(2) The manufacturer has previously conducted a valid certification
test to demonstrate that the wood heaters of the model line meet the
applicable standard specified in Sec. 60.532.
(h) Certification period. Unless revoked sooner by the
Administrator, a certificate of compliance will be valid for the
following periods as applicable:
(1) For a model line that was previously certified as meeting the
1990 Phase II emission standards under the 1988 NSPS, in effect prior to
May 15, 2015, at an emission level equal to or less than the 2015
emission standards in Sec. 60.532(a), the model line is deemed to have a
certificate of compliance for the 2015 emission standards in
Sec. 60.532(a), which is valid until the effective date for the 2020
standards in Sec. 60.532(b) (i.e., until May 15, 2020).
(2) For a model line certified as meeting emission standards in
Sec. 60.532, a certificate of compliance will be valid for 5 years from
the date of issuance or until a more stringent standard comes into
effect, whichever is sooner.
(i) Renewal of certification. (1) The manufacturer must request
renewal of a model line's certificate of compliance or recertify the
model line every 5 years, or the manufacturer may choose to no longer
manufacture or sell that model line after the expiration date. If the
manufacturer chooses to no longer manufacture that model line, then the
manufacturer must submit a statement to the Administrator to that
effect.
(2) A manufacturer of an affected wood heater model line may apply
to the Administrator for potential renewal of its certificate of
compliance by submitting the material specified in paragraph (b) and
following the procedures specified in paragraph (f) of this section, or
by affirming in writing that the wood heaters in the model line continue
to be similar in all material respects that would affect emissions to
the representative wood heater submitted for testing on which the
original certificate of compliance was based and requesting a potential
waiver from
[[Page 42]]
certification testing. The application must include a copy of the review
of the draft application and approval by the third-party certifier.
(3) If the Administrator grants a renewal of certification, the
Administrator will give written notice to the manufacturer setting forth
the basis for the determination and issue a certification renewal.
(4) If the Administrator denies the request for a renewal of
certification, the Administrator will give written notice to the
manufacturer setting forth the basis for the determination.
(5) If the Administrator denies the request for a renewal of
certification, the manufacturer and retailer must not manufacture or
sell the previously-certified wood heaters after the expiration date of
the certificate of compliance.
(j) [Reserved]
(k) Recertification. (1) The manufacturer must recertify a model
line whenever any change is made in the design submitted pursuant to
paragraph (b)(2) of this section that affects or is presumed to affect
the particulate matter emission rate for that model line. The
manufacturer of an affected wood heater must apply to the Administrator
for potential recertification by submitting the material specified in
paragraph (b) and following the procedures specified in paragraph (f) of
this section, or by affirming in writing that the change will not cause
wood heaters in the model line to exceed applicable emission limits and
requesting a potential waiver from certification testing. The
application for recertification must be reviewed and approved by the
contracted third-party certifier and a copy of the review and approval
must be included. The Administrator may waive this requirement upon
written request by the manufacturer, if the manufacturer presents
adequate rationale and the Administrator determines that the change may
not reasonably be anticipated to cause wood heaters in the model line to
exceed the applicable emission limits. The granting of such a waiver
does not relieve the manufacturer of any compliance obligations under
this subpart.
(2) Any change in the design tolerances or actual dimensions of any
of the following components (where such components are applicable) is
presumed to affect particulate matter and carbon monoxide emissions and
efficiency if that change exceeds [0.64 cm ([\1/4\ inch) for any linear
dimension and [5 percent for any cross-sectional area relating to air
introduction systems and catalyst bypass gaps unless other dimensions
and cross-sectional areas are previously approved by the Administrator
under paragraph (c)(1)(ii) of this section:
(i) Firebox: Dimensions;
(ii) Air introduction systems: Cross-sectional area of restrictive
air inlets and outlets, location and method of control;
(iii) Baffles: Dimensions and locations;
(iv) Refractory/insulation: Dimensions and location;
(v) Catalyst: Dimensions and location;
(vi) Catalyst bypass mechanism and catalyst bypass gap tolerances
(when bypass mechanism is in closed position): Dimensions, cross-
sectional area, and location;
(vii) Flue gas exit: Dimensions and location;
(viii) Door and catalyst bypass gaskets: Dimensions and fit;
(ix) Outer thermal shielding and thermal coverings: Dimensions and
location;
(x) Fuel feed system: For wood heaters that are designed primarily
to burn pellet fuel or wood chips and other wood heaters equipped with a
fuel feed system, the fuel feed rate, auger motor design and power
rating, and the angle of the auger to the firebox; and
(xi) Forced-air combustion system: For wood heaters so equipped, the
location and horsepower of blower motors and the fan blade size.
(3) Any change in the materials used for the following components is
presumed to affect particulate matter emissions and efficiency:
(i) Refractory/insulation; or
(ii) Door and catalyst bypass gaskets.
(4) A change in the make, model or composition of a catalyst is
presumed to affect particulate matter and carbon monoxide emissions and
efficiency, unless the change has been requested by the heater
manufacturer and has been
[[Page 43]]
approved in advance by the Administrator, based on test data that
demonstrate that the replacement catalyst is equivalent to or better
than the original catalyst in terms of particulate matter emission
reduction.
(l) Criteria for revocation of certification. (1) The Administrator
may revoke certification if it is determined that the wood heaters being
manufactured or sold in that model line do not comply with the
requirements of this subpart. Such a determination will be based on all
available evidence, including but not limited to:
(i) Test data from a retesting of the original unit on which the
certification test was conducted or a unit that is similar in all
material respects that would affect emissions;
(ii) A finding that the certification test was not valid. The
finding will be based on problems or irregularities with the
certification test or its documentation, but may be supplemented by
other information;
(iii) A finding that the labeling of the wood heater model line, the
owner's manual or the associated marketing information does not comply
with the requirements of Sec. 60.536;
(iv) Failure by the manufacturer to comply with reporting and
recordkeeping requirements under Sec. 60.537;
(v) Physical examination showing that a significant percentage (as
defined in the quality assurance plan approved pursuant to paragraph (m)
of this section, but no larger than 1 percent) of production units
inspected is not similar in all material respects that would affect
emissions to the representative affected wood heater submitted for
certification testing;
(vi) Failure of the manufacturer to conduct a quality assurance
program in conformity with paragraph (m) of this section; or
(vii) Failure of the approved laboratory to test the wood heater
using the methods specified in Sec. 60.534.
(2) Revocation of certification under this paragraph (l) will not
take effect until the manufacturer concerned has been given written
notice by the Administrator setting forth the basis for the proposed
determination and an opportunity to request a hearing under Sec. 60.539.
(m) Quality assurance program. On or after May 16, 2016, for each
certified model line, the manufacturer must conduct a quality assurance
program that satisfies the requirements of paragraphs (m)(1) through (5)
of this section. The quality assurance program requirements of this
paragraph (m) supersede the quality assurance plan requirements
previously specified in Sec. 60.533(o) that was in effect prior to May
15, 2015. The manufacturer of a model line with a compliance
certification under paragraph (h)(1) of this section must conduct a
quality assurance program that satisfies the requirements of this
paragraph (m) by May 16, 2016.
(1) The manufacturer must prepare and operate according to a quality
assurance plan for each certified model line that includes specific
inspection and testing requirements for ensuring that all units within a
model line are similar in all material respects that would affect
emissions to the wood heater submitted for certification testing and
meet the emissions standards in Sec. 60.532.
(2) The quality assurance plan must be approved by the third-party
certifier as part of the certification of conformity process specified
in paragraph (f) of this section.
(3) The quality assurance plan must include regular (at least
annual) unannounced audits by the third-party certifier under ISO-IEC
Standard 17065 to ensure that the manufacturer's quality assurance plan
is being implemented.
(4) The quality assurance plan must include a report for each audit
under ISO-IEC Standard 17065 that fully documents the results of the
audit. The third-party certifier must be authorized and required to
submit all such reports to the Administrator and the manufacturer within
30 days of the audit. The audit report must identify deviations from the
manufacturer's quality assurance plan and specify the corrective actions
that need to be taken to address each identified deficiency.
(5) Within 30 days after receiving each audit report, the
manufacturer must report to the third-party certifier and to the
Administrator its corrective
[[Page 44]]
actions and responses to any deficiencies identified in the audit
report. No such report is required if an audit report did not identify
any deficiencies.
(n) EPA compliance audit testing. (1)(i) The Administrator may
select by written notice wood heaters or model lines for compliance
audit testing to determine compliance with the emission standards in
Sec. 60.532.
(ii) The Administrator will transmit a written notification of the
selected wood heaters or model line(s) to the manufacturer, which will
include the name and address of the laboratory selected to perform the
audit test and the model name and serial number of the wood heater(s) or
model line(s) selected to undergo audit testing.
(2)(i) The Administrator may test, or direct the manufacturer to
have tested, a wood heater or a wood heater from the model line(s)
selected under paragraph (n)(1)(i) of this section in a laboratory
approved under Sec. 60.535. The Administrator may select any approved
test laboratory or federal laboratory for this audit testing.
(ii) The expense of the compliance audit test is the responsibility
of the wood heater manufacturer.
(iii) The test must be conducted using the same test method used to
obtain certification. If the certification test consisted of more than
one particulate matter sampling test method, the Administrator may
direct the manufacturer and test laboratory as to which of these methods
to use for the purpose of audit testing. The Administrator will notify
the manufacturer at least 30 days prior to any test under this
paragraph, and allow the manufacturer and/or his authorized
representatives to observe the test.
(3) Revocation of certification. (i) If emissions from a wood heater
tested under paragraph (n)(2) of this section exceed the applicable
emission standard by more than 50 percent using the same test method
used to obtain certification, the Administrator will notify the
manufacturer that certification for that model line is suspended
effective 72 hours from the receipt of the notice, unless the suspension
notice is withdrawn by the Administrator. The suspension will remain in
effect until withdrawn by the Administrator, or the date 30 days from
its effective date if a revocation notice under paragraph (n)(3)(ii) of
this section is not issued within that period, or the date of final
agency action on revocation, whichever occurs earliest.
(ii)(A) If emissions from a wood heater tested under paragraph
(n)(2) of this section exceed the applicable emission limit, the
Administrator will notify the manufacturer that certification is revoked
for that model line.
(B) A revocation notice under paragraph (n)(3)(ii)(A) of this
section will become final and effective 60 days after the date of
written notification to the manufacturer, unless it is withdrawn, a
hearing is requested under Sec. 60.539(a)(2), or the deadline for
requesting a hearing is extended.
(C) The Administrator may extend the deadline for requesting a
hearing for up to 60 days for good cause.
(D) A manufacturer may extend the deadline for requesting a hearing
for up to 6 months, by agreeing to a voluntary suspension of
certification.
(iii) Any notification under paragraph (n)(3)(i) or (n)(3)(ii) of
this section will include a copy of a preliminary test report from the
approved test laboratory or federal test laboratory. The test laboratory
must provide a preliminary test report to the Administrator within 14
days of the completion of testing, if a wood heater exceeds the
applicable emission limit in Sec. 60.532. The test laboratory must
provide the Administrator and the manufacturer, within 30 days of the
completion of testing, all documentation pertaining to the test,
including the complete test report and raw data sheets, laboratory
technician notes, and test results for all test runs.
(iv) Upon receiving notification of a test failure under paragraph
(n)(3)(ii) of this section, the manufacturer may request that up to four
additional wood heaters from the same model line be tested at the
manufacturer's expense, at the test laboratory that performed the
emissions test for the Administrator.
(v) Whether or not the manufacturer proceeds under paragraph
(n)(3)(iv) of this section, the manufacturer may submit any relevant
information to the
[[Page 45]]
Administrator, including any other test data generated pursuant to this
subpart. The manufacturer must bear the expense of any additional
testing.
(vi) The Administrator will withdraw any notice issued under
paragraph (n)(3)(ii) of this section if tests under paragraph (n)(3)(iv)
of this section show either--
(A) That exactly four additional wood heaters were tested for the
manufacturer and all four met the applicable emission limits; or
(B) That exactly two additional wood heaters were tested for the
manufacturer and each of them met the applicable emission limits and the
average emissions of all three tested heaters (the original audit heater
and the two additional heaters) met the applicable emission limits.
(vii) If the Administrator withdraws a notice pursuant to paragraph
(n)(3)(vi) of this section, the Administrator will revise the
certification values for the model line based on the test data and other
relevant information. The manufacturer must then revise the model line's
labels and marketing information accordingly.
(viii) The Administrator may withdraw any proposed revocation, if
the Administrator finds that an audit test failure has been rebutted by
information submitted by the manufacturer under paragraph (n)(3)(iv) of
this section and/or (n)(3)(v) of this section or by any other relevant
information available to the Administrator.
Sec. 60.534 What test methods and procedures must I use to determine
compliance with the standards and requirements for certification?
Test methods and procedures specified in this section or in
appendices of this part, except as provided under Sec. 60.8(b), must be
used to determine compliance with the standards and requirements for
certification under Secs. 60.532 and 60.533 and for reporting carbon
monoxide emissions and efficiency as follows:
(a)(1) For affected wood heaters subject to the 2015 and 2020
particulate matter emission standards of Secs. 60.532(a) and (b), the
manufacturer must have an EPA-approved test laboratory conduct testing
according to paragraphs (a)(1)(i) or (ii) of this section. The
manufacturer or manufacturer's authorized representative must submit a
summary and the full test reports with all supporting information,
including detailed discussion of all anomalies, whether all burn rate
categories were properly achieved, any data not used in the calculations
and, for any test runs not completed, the data that were collected and
the reason that the test run was not completed. The burn rate for the
low burn rate category must be no greater than the rate that an operator
can achieve in home use and no greater than is advertised by the
manufacturer or retailer. The manufacturer has the option of submitting
test results obtained pursuant to either paragraph (a)(1)(i) or (ii) of
this section to the Administrator as specified under Sec. 60.537 as part
of a request for a certification of compliance.
(i) Conduct testing with crib wood using EPA Method 28R of appendix
A-8 of this part or an alternative crib wood test method approved by the
Administrator or the ASTM E2779-10 (IBR, see Sec. 60.17) pellet heater
test method to establish the certification test conditions and the
particulate matter emission values.
(ii) Conduct testing with cord wood using an alternative cord wood
test method approved by the Administrator to establish the certification
test conditions and the particulate matter emission values.
(2) For the 2020 cord wood alternative means of compliance option
specified in Sec. 60.532(c), the manufacturer must have an EPA-approved
test laboratory conduct testing with cord wood using an alternative cord
wood test method approved by the Administrator to establish the
certification test conditions and the particulate matter emission
values.
(b) [Reserved]
(c) For affected wood heaters subject to the 2015 and 2020
particulate matter emission standards specified in Sec. 60.532(a), (b)
and (c), particulate matter emission concentrations must be measured
with ASTM E2515-11 (IBR, see Sec. 60.17). Four-inch filters and Teflon
membrane filters or Teflon-coated glass fiber filters may be used in
ASTM E2515-11.
[[Page 46]]
(d) For all tests conducted using ASTM E2515-11 (IBR, see
Sec. 60.17) pursuant to this section, the manufacturer and approved test
laboratory must also measure the first hour of particulate matter
emissions for each test run using a separate filter in one of the two
parallel trains. The manufacturer and approved test laboratory must
report the test results for the first hour separately and also include
them in the total particulate matter emissions per run.
(e) The manufacturer must have the approved test laboratory measure
the efficiency, heat output and carbon monoxide emissions of the tested
wood heater using Canadian Standards Administration (CSA) Method B415.1-
10 (IBR, see Sec. 60.17), section 13.7.
(f) Douglas fir may be used in ASTM E2779-10, ASTM E2780-10 and CSA
B415.1-10 (IBR, see Sec. 60.17).
(g) The manufacturer of an affected wood heater model line must
notify the Administrator of the date that certification testing is
scheduled to begin by email to [email protected]. This notice
must be received by the EPA at least 30 days before the start of
testing. The notification of testing must include the manufacturer's
name and physical and email addresses, the approved test laboratory's
name and physical and email addresses, the third-party certifier name,
the model name and number (or, if unavailable, some other way to
distinguish between models), and the dates of testing. The laboratory
may substitute certification testing of another affected wood heater on
the original date in order to ensure regular laboratory testing
operations.
(h) The approved test laboratory must allow the manufacturer, the
manufacturer's approved third-party certifier, the EPA and delegated
state regulatory agencies to observe certification testing. However,
manufacturers must not involve themselves in the conduct of the test
after the pretest burn has begun. Communications between the
manufacturer and laboratory or third-party certifier personnel regarding
operation of the wood heater must be limited to written communications
transmitted prior to the first pretest burn of the certification test
series. During certification tests, the manufacturer may communicate
with laboratory personnel only in writing and only to notify them that
the manufacturer has observed a deviation from proper test procedures.
All communications must be included in the test documentation required
to be submitted pursuant to Sec. 60.533(b)(5) and must be consistent
with instructions provided in the owner's manual required under
Sec. 60.536(g), except to the extent that they address details of the
certification tests that would not be relevant to owners or regulators.
Sec. 60.535 What procedures must I use for EPA approval of a test
laboratory or EPA approval of a third-party certifier?
(a) Test laboratory approval. (1) A laboratory must apply to the
Administrator for approval to test under this rule by submitting
documentation that the laboratory is accredited by a nationally
recognized accrediting entity under ISO-IEC Standard 17025 to perform
testing using the test methods specified under Sec. 60.534. Laboratories
accredited by EPA prior to May 15, 2015 may have until March 16, 2018 to
submit documentation that they have accreditation under ISO-IEC Standard
17025 to perform testing using the test methods specified under
Sec. 60.534. ISO accreditation is required for all other laboratories
performing testing beginning on November 16, 2015.
(2) As part of the application, the test laboratory must:
(i) Agree to participate biennially in an independently operated
proficiency testing program with no direct ties to the participating
laboratories;
(ii) Agree to allow the Administrator, regulatory agencies and
third-party certifiers access to observe certification testing;
(iii) Agree to comply with calibration, reporting and recordkeeping
requirements that affect testing laboratories; and
(iv) Agree to perform a compliance audit test at the manufacturer's
expense at the testing cost normally charged to such manufacturer if the
laboratory is selected by the Administrator to conduct the compliance
audit test of the manufacturer's model line.
[[Page 47]]
The test laboratory must provide a preliminary audit test report to the
Administrator within 14 days of the completion of testing, if the tested
wood heater exceeds the applicable emission limit in Sec. 60.532. The
test laboratory must provide the Administrator and the manufacturer,
within 30 days of the completion of audit testing, all documentation
pertaining to the test, including the complete test report and raw data
sheets, laboratory technician notes, and test results for all test runs.
(v) Have no conflict of interest and receive no financial benefit
from the outcome of certification testing conducted pursuant to
Sec. 60.533.
(vi) Agree to not perform initial certification tests on any models
manufactured by a manufacturer for which the laboratory has conducted
research and development design services within the last 5 years.
(vii) Agree to seal any wood heater on which it performed
certification tests, immediately upon completion or suspension of
certification testing, by using a laboratory-specific seal.
(viii) Agree to immediately notify the Administrator of any
suspended tests through email and in writing, giving the date suspended,
the reason(s) why, and the projected date for restarting. The laboratory
must submit the operation and test data obtained, even if the test is
not completed.
(3) If the EPA approves the laboratory, the Administrator will
provide the test laboratory with a certificate of approval for testing
under this rule. If the EPA does not approve the laboratory, the
Administrator will give written notice to the laboratory setting forth
the basis for the determination.
(b) Revocation of test laboratory approval. (1) The Administrator
may revoke the EPA laboratory approval if it is determined that the
laboratory:
(i) Is no longer accredited by the accreditation body;
(ii) Does not follow required procedures or practices;
(iii) Has falsified data or otherwise misrepresented emission data;
(iv) Has failed to participate in a proficiency testing program, in
accordance with its commitment under paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this
section; or
(v) Has failed to seal a wood heater in accordance with paragraph
(a)(2)(vii) of this section.
(2) Revocation of approval under this paragraph (b) will not take
effect until the laboratory concerned has been given written notice by
the Administrator setting forth the basis for the proposed determination
and an opportunity for a hearing under Sec. 60.539. However, if
revocation is ultimately upheld, all tests conducted by the laboratory
after written notice was given will, at the discretion of the
Administrator, be declared invalid.
(c) Period of test laboratory approval (1) With the exception of
laboratories meeting the provisions of paragraph (c)(2) of this section,
and unless revoked sooner, a certificate of approval for testing under
this rule is valid for 5 years from the date of issuance.
(2) Laboratories accredited by the EPA by May 15, 2015, under the
provisions of Sec. 60.535 as in effect prior to that date may continue
to be EPA accredited and deemed EPA approved for testing under this
subpart until May 15, 2018, at which time the EPA accreditation and
approval ends unless the laboratory has obtained accreditation under
Sec. 60.535 as in effect on that date.
(d) Third-party certifier approval. (1) A third-party certifier may
apply to the Administrator for approval to be an EPA-approved third-
party certifier by submitting credentials demonstrating that it has been
accredited by a nationally recognized accrediting entity to perform
certifications and inspections under ISO-IEC Standard 17025, ISO-IEC
Standard 17065 and ISO-IEC Standard 17020.
(2) As part of the application, the third-party certifier must:
(i) Agree to offer to contract with wood heater manufacturers to
perform third-party certification activities according to the
requirements of this subpart;
(ii) Agree to periodically conduct audits as described in
Sec. 60.533(m) and the manufacturer's quality assurance program;
(iii) Agree to comply with reporting and recordkeeping requirements
that affect approved wood heater testing laboratories and third-party
certifiers;
[[Page 48]]
(iv) Have no conflict of interest and receive no financial benefit
from the outcome of certification testing conducted pursuant to
Sec. 60.533;
(v) Agree to make available to the Administrator supporting
documentation for each wood heater certification and audit; and
(vi) Agree to not perform initial certification reviews on any
models manufactured by a manufacturer for which the third-party
certifier has conducted research and development design services within
the last 5 years.
(3) If approved, the Administrator will provide the third-party
certifier with a certificate of approval. The approval will expire 5
years after being issued unless renewed by the third-party certifier. If
the EPA denies the approval, the Administrator will give written notice
to the third-party certifier for the basis for the determination.
(e) Revocation of third-party certifier approval. (1) The
Administrator will revoke a third-party certifier's EPA approval if it
is determined that the certifier;
(i) Is no longer accredited by the accreditation body;
(ii) Does not follow required procedures or practices; or
(iii) Has falsified certification data or otherwise misrepresented
emission data.
(2) Revocation of approval under this paragraph (e) will not take
effect until the certifier concerned is given written notice by the
Administrator setting forth the basis for the proposed determination and
an opportunity for a hearing under Sec. 60.539. However, if revocation
is upheld, all certifications by the certifier after written notice was
given will, at the discretion of the Administrator, be declared invalid.
Sec. 60.536 What requirements must I meet for permanent labels,
temporary labels (hangtags), and owner's manuals?
(a) General permanent label requirements. (1) Each affected wood
heater manufactured on or after the date the applicable standards come
into effect as specified in Sec. 60.532, must have a permanent label
affixed to it that meets the requirements of this section.
(2) Except for wood heaters subject to Sec. 60.530(b)(1) through
(5), the permanent label must contain the following information:
(i) Month and year of manufacture of the individual unit;
(ii) Model name or number;
(iii) Certification test emission value, test method and standard
met (e.g., 2015, 2020 crib wood, or 2020 cord wood); and
(iv) Serial number.
(3) The permanent label must:
(i) Be affixed in a readily visible or readily accessible location
in such a manner that it can be easily viewed before and after the
appliance is installed (an easily-removable facade may be used for
aesthetic purposes, however the bottom of a free-standing heater is not
considered to be readily visible or readily accessible);
(ii) Be at least 8.9 cm long and 5.1 cm wide (3\1/2\ inches long and
2 inches wide);
(iii) Be made of a material expected to last the lifetime of the
wood heater;
(iv) Present the required information in a manner so that it is
likely to remain legible for the lifetime of the wood heater; and
(v) Be affixed in such a manner that it cannot be removed from the
appliance without damage to the label.
(4) The permanent label may be combined with any other label, as
long as the required information is displayed, the integrity of the
permanent label is not compromised, and the permanent label meets the
requirements in Sec. 60.536(a)(3).
(5) Any label statement under paragraph (b) or (c) of this section
constitutes a representation by the manufacturer as to any wood heater
that bears it:
(i) That a certification of compliance was in effect at the time the
wood heater left the possession of the manufacturer;
(ii) That the manufacturer was, at the time the label was affixed,
conducting a quality assurance program in conformity with
Sec. 60.533(m); and
(iii) That all wood heaters individually tested for emissions by the
manufacturer under its quality assurance program pursuant to
Sec. 60.533(m) met the applicable emissions limits.
[[Page 49]]
(b) Permanent label requirements for adjustable burn rate wood
heaters and pellet stoves. If an adjustable burn rate wood heater or
pellet stove belongs to a model line certified under Sec. 60.533, and no
wood heater in the model line has been found to exceed the applicable
emission limits or tolerances through quality assurance testing, one of
the following statements, as appropriate, must appear on the permanent
label:
``U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Certified to comply with 2015
particulate emission standards. Not approved for sale after May 15,
2020.'' or
``U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Certified to comply with 2020
particulate emission standards using crib wood.'' or
``U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Certified to comply with 2020
particulate emission standards using cord wood.''
(c) Permanent label requirements for single burn rate wood heaters.
If the single burn rate wood heater belongs to a model line certified
under Sec. 60.533, and no heater in the model line has been found to
exceed the applicable emission limits or tolerances through quality
assurance testing, one of the following statements, as appropriate, must
appear on the permanent label:
``U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Certified to comply with 2015
particulate emission standards for single burn rate heaters. Not
approved for sale after May 15, 2020. This single burn rate wood heater
is not approved for use with a flue damper.'' or
``U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Certified to comply with 2020
particulate emission standards for single burn rate heaters. This single
burn rate wood heater is not approved for use with a flue damper.''
(d) Additional permanent label content. The permanent label for all
certified wood heaters must also contain the following statement:
``This wood heater needs periodic inspection and repair for proper
operation. Consult the owner's manual for further information. It is
against federal regulations to operate this wood heater in a manner
inconsistent with the operating instructions in the owner's manual.''
(e) Permanent label requirements for affected wood heaters with
exemptions under Sec. 60.530(b). (1) If an affected wood heater is
manufactured in the United States for export as provided in
Sec. 60.530(b)(1), the following statement must appear on the permanent
label:
``U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Export stove. May not be sold or
operated within the United States.''
(2) If an affected wood heater is manufactured for use for research
and development purposes as provided in Sec. 60.530(b)(2), the following
statement must appear on the permanent label:
``U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Not certified. Research Stove.
Not approved for sale or for operation other than for research.''
(3) If a wood heater is exclusively a non-wood-burning heater as
provided Sec. 60.530(b)(3), the following statement must appear on the
permanent label:
``U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY This heater is not certified for
wood burning. Use of any wood fuel is a violation of federal
regulations.''
(4) If an affected wood heater is a cook stove that meets the
definition in Sec. 60.531, the following statement must appear on the
permanent label:
``U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY This unit is not a certified
residential wood heater. The primary use for this unit is for cooking or
baking.''
(5) If an affected wood heater is a camp stove that meets the
definition in Sec. 60.531, the following statement must appear on the
permanent label:
``U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY This unit is not a certified
residential wood heater. For portable and temporary use only.''
(f) Temporary label (hangtag) voluntary option. (1) Each model
certified to meet the 2020 particulate matter emission standards of
Sec. 60.532(b) prior May 15, 2020 may display the temporary labels
(hangtags) specified in section 3 of appendix I of this part. The
electronic template will be provided by the Administrator upon approval
of the certification.
(2) The hangtags in paragraph (f)(1) of this section end on May 15,
2020.
(3) Each model certified to meet the 2020 Cord Wood Alternative
Compliance Option of Sec. 60.532(c) may display the cord wood temporary
label specified in
[[Page 50]]
section 3 of appendix I of this part. The electronic template will be
provided by the Administrator upon approval of the certification.
(g) Owner's manual requirements. (1) Each affected wood heater
offered for sale by a commercial owner must be accompanied by an owner's
manual that must contain the information listed in paragraph (g)(2) of
this section (pertaining to installation) and paragraph (g)(3) of this
section (pertaining to operation and maintenance). Such information must
be adequate to enable consumers to achieve optimal emissions
performance. Such information must be consistent with the operating
instructions provided by the manufacturer to the approved test
laboratory for operating the wood heater during certification testing,
except for details of the certification test that would not be relevant
to the user. The commercial owner must also make current and historical
owner's manuals available on the company Web site and upon request to
the EPA.
(2) Guidance on proper installation, include stack height, location
and achieving proper draft.
(3) Proper operation and maintenance information, including
minimizing visible emissions:
(i) Fuel loading and re-loading procedures; recommendations on fuel
selection and warnings on what fuels not to use, such as unseasoned
wood, treated wood, colored paper, cardboard, solvents, trash and
garbage;
(ii) Fire starting procedures;
(iii) Proper use of air controls, including how to establish good
combustion and how to ensure good combustion at the lowest burn rate for
which the heater is warranted;
(iv) Ash removal procedures;
(v) Instructions for replacement of gaskets, air tubes and other
parts that are critical to the emissions performance of the unit, and
other maintenance and repair instructions;
(vi) For catalytic or hybrid models, information on the following
pertaining to the catalytic combustor: Procedures for achieving and
maintaining catalyst activity, maintenance procedures, procedures for
determining deterioration or failure, procedures for replacement and
information on how to exercise warranty rights;
(vii) For catalytic or hybrid models, the following statement--
``This wood heater contains a catalytic combustor, which needs periodic
inspection and replacement for proper operation. It is against federal
regulations to operate this wood heater in a manner inconsistent with
operating instructions in this manual, or if the catalytic element is
deactivated or removed.''
(viii) For noncatalytic models, the following statement--
``This wood heater needs periodic inspection and repair for proper
operation. It is against federal regulations to operate this wood heater
in a manner inconsistent with operating instructions in this manual.''
(4) Any manufacturer using the EPA-recommended language contained in
appendix I of this part to satisfy any requirement of this paragraph (g)
will be considered to be in compliance with that requirement, provided
that the particular language is printed in full, with only such changes
as are necessary to ensure accuracy for the particular wood heater model
line.
(h) Wood heaters that are affected by this subpart, but that have
been owned and operated by a noncommercial owner, are not subject to
paragraphs (f) and (g) of this section when offered for resale.
Sec. 60.537 What records must I keep and what reports must I submit?
(a)(1) Each manufacturer who holds a certificate of compliance
pursuant to Sec. 60.533(c), (e) or (f) for a model line must maintain
records containing the information required by paragraph (a)(2) through
(4) of this section with respect to that model line for at least 5
years.
(2) All documentation pertaining to the certification test used to
obtain certification, including the full test report and raw data
sheets, laboratory technician notes, calculations, the test results for
all test runs, and discussions of the appropriateness and validity of
all test runs, including runs attempted but not completed. The retained
certification test documentation must include, as applicable, detailed
discussion of all anomalies, whether all burn rate categories were
[[Page 51]]
properly achieved, any data not used in the calculations and, for any
test runs not completed, the data that were collected and the reason
that the test run was not completed. The retained certification test
also must include documentation that the burn rate for the low burn rate
category was no greater than the rate that an operator can achieve in
home use and no greater than is advertised by the manufacturer or
retailer.
(3) Results of the quality assurance program inspections pursuant to
Sec. 60.533(m).
(4) For emissions tests conducted pursuant to the quality assurance
program required by Sec. 60.533(m), all test reports, data sheets,
laboratory technician notes, calculations, and test results for all test
runs, the corrective actions taken, if any, and any follow-up actions
such as additional testing.
(b) Each approved test laboratory and third-party certifier must
maintain records consisting of all documentation pertaining to each
certification test, quality assurance program inspection and audit test,
including the full test report and raw data sheets, technician notes,
calculations, and the test results for all test runs. Each approved test
laboratory must submit accreditation credentials and all proficiency
test results to the Administrator. Each third-party certifier must
submit each certification test, quality assurance program inspection
report and ISO IEC accreditation credentials to the Administrator.
(c) Each manufacturer must retain each wood heater upon which
certification tests were performed based upon which certification was
granted under Sec. 60.533(c) or (f) at the manufacturer's facility for a
minimum of 5 years after the certification test. Each wood heater must
remain sealed and unaltered. Any such wood heater must be made available
to the Administrator upon request for inspection and testing.
(d) Each manufacturer of an affected wood heater model line
certified under Sec. 60.533(c) or (f) must submit a report to the
Administrator every 2 years following issuance of a certificate of
compliance for each model line. This report must include the sales for
each model by state and certify that no changes in the design or
manufacture of this model line have been made that require
recertification under Sec. 60.533(k).
(e)(1) Unless otherwise specified, all records required under this
section must be maintained by the manufacturer, commercial owner of the
affected wood heater, approved test laboratory or third-party certifier
for a period of no less than 5 years.
(2) Unless otherwise specified, all reports to the Administrator
required under this subpart must be made to: [email protected].
(f) Within 60 days after the date of completing each performance
test, e.g., initial certification test, tests conducted for quality
assurance, and tests for renewal or recertification, each manufacturer
must submit the performance test data electronically to
[email protected]. Owners or operators who claim that some of
the information being submitted is CBI (e.g., design drawings) must
submit a complete file, including the information claimed to be CBI, on
a compact disk or other commonly used electronic storage media
(including, but not limited to, flash drives) by mail, and the same
file, with the CBI omitted, electronically. The compact disk must be
clearly marked as CBI and mailed to U.S. EPA, OECA CBI Office,
Attention: Residential Wood Heater Compliance Program Lead, 1200
Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20004. Emission data, including
all information necessary to determine compliance, except sensitive
engineering drawings and sensitive detailed material specifications, may
not be claimed as CBI.
(g) Within 30 days of receiving a certification of compliance for a
model line, the manufacturer must make the full non-CBI test report and
the summary of the test report available to the public on the
manufacturer's Web site.
(h) Each manufacturer who uses the exemption for R&D heaters under
Sec. 60.530(b)(2) must maintain records for at least 5 years documenting
where the heaters were located, that the heaters were never offered for
sale or sold and that the heaters were not used for the purpose of
heating.
[[Page 52]]
Sec. 60.538 What activities are prohibited under this subpart?
(a) No person is permitted to advertise for sale, offer for sale,
sell or operate an affected wood heater that does not have affixed to it
a permanent label pursuant to Sec. 60.536 (b) through (e), as
applicable.
(b) No person is permitted to advertise for sale, offer for sale, or
sell an affected wood heater labeled under Sec. 60.536(e)(1) except for
export. No person is permitted to operate an affected wood heater in the
United States if it is labeled under Sec. 60.536(e)(1).
(c)(1) No commercial owner is permitted to advertise for sale, offer
for sale or sell an affected wood heater permanently labeled under
Sec. 60.536 (b) through (d), as applicable, unless:
(i) The affected wood heater has been certified to comply with the
2015 or 2020 particulate matter emission standards pursuant to
Sec. 60.532, as applicable. This prohibition does not apply to wood
heaters affected by this subpart that have been previously owned and
operated by a noncommercial owner; and
(ii) The commercial owner provides any purchaser or transferee with
an owner's manual that meets the requirements of Sec. 60.536(g) and a
copy of the warranty.
(2) No commercial owner is permitted to advertise for sale, offer
for sale, or sell an affected wood heater permanently labeled under
Sec. 60.536(b) and (c), unless the affected wood heater has been
certified to comply with the 2015 or 2020 particulate matter emission
standards of Sec. 60.532, as applicable.
(3) A commercial owner other than a manufacturer complies with the
requirements of paragraph (c)(1) of this section if the commercial
owner--
(i) Receives the required documentation from the manufacturer or a
previous commercial owner; and
(ii) Provides that documentation unaltered to any person to whom the
wood heater that it covers is sold or transferred.
(d)(1) In any case in which the Administrator revokes a certificate
of compliance either for the submission of false or inaccurate
information or other fraudulent acts, or based on a finding under
Sec. 60.533(l)(1)(ii) that the certification test was not valid, the
Administrator may give notice of that revocation and the grounds for it
to all commercial owners.
(2) On and after the date of receipt of the notice given under
paragraph (d)(1) of this section, no commercial owner is permitted to
sell any wood heater covered by the revoked certificate (other than to
the manufacturer) unless the model line has been recertified in
accordance with this subpart.
(e) No person is permitted to install or operate an affected wood
heater except in a manner consistent with the instructions on its
permanent label and in the owner's manual pursuant to Sec. 60.536(g),
including only using fuels for which the unit is certified.
(f) No person is permitted to operate, sell or offer for sale an
affected wood heater that was originally equipped with a catalytic
combustor if the catalytic element is deactivated or removed.
(g) No person is permitted to operate, sell or offer for sale an
affected wood heater that has been physically altered to exceed the
tolerance limits of its certificate of compliance, pursuant to
Sec. 60.533(k).
(h) No person is permitted to alter, deface, or remove any permanent
label required to be affixed pursuant to Sec. 60.536(a) through (e), as
applicable.
(i) If a temporary label is affixed to the wood heater, retailers
may not sell or offer for sale that wood heater unless the temporary
label affixed is in accordance with Sec. 60.536(f), as applicable.
Sec. 60.539 What hearing and appeal procedures apply to me?
(a)(1) The affected manufacturer, laboratory or third-party
certifier may request a hearing under this section within 30 days
following receipt of the required notification in any case where the
Administrator--
(i) Denies an application for a certificate of compliance under
Sec. 60.533(c) or Sec. 60.533(f);
(ii) Denies an application for a renewal of certification under
Sec. 60.533(i);
(iii) Issues a notice of revocation of certification under
Sec. 60.533(1);
(iv) Denies an application for laboratory approval under
Sec. 60.535(a);
[[Page 53]]
(v) Issues a notice of revocation of laboratory approval under
Sec. 60.535(b);
(vi) Denies an application for third-party certifier approval under
Sec. 60.535(d); or
(vii) Issues a notice of revocation of third-party certifier
approval under Sec. 60.535(e).
(2) In any case where the Administrator issues a notice of
revocation under Sec. 60.533(n)(3)(ii), the manufacturer may request a
hearing under this section with the time limits set out in
Sec. 60.533(n)(3)(ii).
(b) Any hearing request must be in writing, must be signed by an
authorized representative of the petitioning manufacturer or laboratory
and must include a statement setting forth with particularity the
petitioner's objection to the Administrator's determination or proposed
determination.
(c)(1) Upon receipt of a request for a hearing under paragraph (a)
of this section, the Administrator will request the Chief Administrative
Law Judge to designate an Administrative Law Judge as Presiding Officer
for the hearing. If the Chief Administrative Law Judge replies that no
Administrative Law Judge is available to perform this function, the
Administrator will designate a Presiding Officer who has not had any
prior responsibility for the matter under review, and who is not subject
to the direct control or supervision of someone who has had such
responsibility.
(2) The hearing will commence as soon as practicable at a time and
place fixed by the Presiding Officer.
(3)(i) A motion for leave to intervene in any proceeding conducted
under this section must set forth the grounds for the proposed
intervention, the position and interest of the movant and the likely
impact that intervention will have on the expeditious progress of the
proceeding. Any person already a party to the proceeding may file an
answer to a motion to intervene, making specific reference to the
factors set forth in the foregoing sentence and paragraph (c)(3)(iii) of
this section, within 10 days after service of the motion for leave to
intervene.
(ii) A motion for leave to intervene in a proceeding must ordinarily
be filed before the first prehearing conference or, in the absence of a
prehearing conference, prior to the setting of a time and place for a
hearing. Any motion filed after that time must include, in addition to
the information set forth in paragraph (c)(3)(i) of this section, a
statement of good cause for the failure to file in a timely manner. The
intervener shall be bound by any agreements, arrangements and other
matters previously made in the proceeding.
(iii) A motion for leave to intervene may be granted only if the
movant demonstrates that his presence in the proceeding would not unduly
prolong or otherwise prejudice the adjudication of the rights of the
original parties, and that movant may be adversely affected by a final
order. The intervener will become a full party to the proceeding upon
the granting of leave to intervene.
(iv) Persons not parties to the proceeding may move for leave to
file amicus curiae briefs. The movant must state his interest and the
reasons why the proposed amicus brief is desirable. If the motion is
granted, the Presiding Officer or Administrator will issue an order
setting the time for filing such brief. An amicus curia may participate
in any briefing after his motion is granted, and will be served with all
briefs, reply briefs, motions and orders relating to issues to be
briefed.
(4) In computing any period of time prescribed or allowed in this
subpart, the day of the event from which the designated period begins to
run will not be included. Saturdays, Sundays and federal legal holidays
will be included. When a stated time expires on a Saturday, Sunday or
legal holiday, the stated time period will be extended to include the
next business day.
(d)(l) Upon his appointment, the Presiding Officer must establish a
hearing file. The file will consist of the notice issued by the
Administrator under Secs. 60.533(c)(2), 60.533(f)(3), 60.533(i)(4),
60.533(l)(2), 60.533(n)(3)(ii)(A), 60.535(a)(3), 60.535(b)(2),
60.535(d)(3) or 60.535(e)(2) together with any accompanying material,
the request for a hearing and the supporting data submitted therewith,
and all documents relating to the request for certification or approval
or the proposed revocation of either.
[[Page 54]]
(2) The hearing file must be available for inspection by any party,
to the extent authorized by law, at the office of the Presiding Officer,
or other place designated by him.
(e) Any party may appear in person, or may be represented by counsel
or by any other duly authorized representative.
(f)(1) The Presiding Officer upon the request of any party, or at
his discretion, may order a prehearing conference at a time and place
specified by him to consider the following:
(i) Simplification of the issues,
(ii) Stipulations, admissions of fact, and the introduction of
documents,
(iii) Limitation of the number of expert witnesses,
(iv) Possibility of agreement disposing of all or any of the issues
in dispute,
(v) Such other matters as may aid in the disposition of the hearing,
including such additional tests as may be agreed upon by the parties.
(2) The results of the conference must be reduced to writing by the
Presiding Officer and made part of the record.
(g)(1) Hearings will be conducted by the Presiding Officer in an
informal but orderly and expeditious manner. The parties may offer oral
or written evidence, subject to the exclusion by the Presiding Officer
of irrelevant, immaterial and repetitious evidence.
(2) Witnesses will not be required to testify under oath. However,
the Presiding Officer will call to the attention of witnesses that their
statements may be subject to penalties under title 18 U.S.C. 1001 for
knowingly making false statements or representations or using false
documents in any matter within the jurisdiction of any department or
agency of the United States.
(3) Any witness may be examined or cross-examined by the Presiding
Officer, the parties or their representatives.
(4) Hearings must be recorded verbatim. Copies of transcripts of
proceedings may be purchased by the applicant from the reporter.
(5) All written statements, charts, tabulations and similar data
offered in evidence at the hearings must, upon a showing satisfactory to
the Presiding Officer of their authenticity, relevancy and materiality,
be received in evidence and will constitute a part of the record.
(h)(1) The Presiding Officer will make an initial decision which
must include written findings and conclusions and the reasons or basis
therefor on all the material issues of fact, law or discretion presented
on the record. The findings, conclusions and written decision must be
provided to the parties and made a part of the record. The initial
decision will become the decision of the Administrator without further
proceedings unless there is an appeal to the Administrator or motion for
review by the Administrator. Except as provided in paragraph (h)(3) of
this section, any such appeal must be taken within 20 days of the date
the initial decision was filed.
(2) On appeal from or review of the initial decision, the
Administrator will have all the powers which he would have in making the
initial decision including the discretion to require or allow briefs,
oral argument, the taking of additional evidence or the remanding to the
Presiding Officer for additional proceedings. The decision by the
Administrator must include written findings and conclusions and the
reasons or basis therefor on all the material issues of fact, law or
discretion presented on the appeal or considered in the review.
(3) In any hearing requested under paragraph (a)(2) of this section
the Presiding Officer must render the initial decision within 60 days of
that request. Any appeal to the Administrator must be taken within 10
days of the initial decision, and the Administrator must render a
decision in that appeal within 30 days of the filing of the appeal.
Sec. 60.539a Who implements and enforces this subpart?
(a) Under section 111(c) of the Clean Air Act, the Administrator may
delegate the following implementation and enforcement authority to a
state, local or tribal authority upon request:
(1) Enforcement of prohibitions on the installation and operation of
affected wood heaters in a manner inconsistent with the installation and
owner's manual;
[[Page 55]]
(2) Enforcement of prohibitions on operation of catalytic wood
heaters where the catalyst has been deactivated or removed;
(3) Enforcement of prohibitions on advertisement and/or sale of
uncertified model lines;
(4) Enforcement of prohibitions on advertisement and/or sale of
affected heaters that do not have required permanent label;
(5) Enforcement of proper labeling of affected wood heaters; and
(6) Enforcement of compliance with other labeling requirements for
affected wood heaters.
(7) Enforcement of certification testing procedures;
(8) Enforcement of requirements for sealing of the tested heaters
and meeting parameter limits; and
(9) Enforcement of compliance requirements of EPA-approved
laboratories.
(b) Delegations shall not include:
(1) Decisions on certification;
(2) Revocation of certification;
(3) Establishment or revision of standards;
(4) Establishment or revision of test methods;
(5) Laboratory and third-party certifier approvals and revocations;
(6) Enforcing provisions governing content of owner's manuals; and
(7) Hearings and appeals procedures.
(c) Nothing in these delegations will prohibit the Administrator
from enforcing any applicable requirements.
(d) Nothing in these delegations will limit delegated entities from
using their authority under section 116 of the Clean Air Act to adopt or
enforce more restrictive requirements.
Sec. 60.539b What parts of the General Provisions do not apply
to me?
The following provisions of subpart A of part 60 do not apply to
this subpart:
(a) Section 60.7;
(b) Section 60.8(a), (c), (d), (e), (f) and (g);
(c) Section 60.14; and
(c) Section 60.15(d).
Subpart BBB_Standards of Performance for the Rubber Tire Manufacturing
Industry
Source: 52 FR 34874, Sept. 15, 1987, unless otherwise noted.
Sec. 60.540 Applicability and designation of affected facilities.
(a) The provisions of this subpart, except as provided in paragraph
(b) of this section, apply to each of the following affected facilities
in rubber tire manufacturing plants that commence construction,
modification, or reconstruction after January 20, 1983: each undertread
cementing operation, each sidewall cementing operation, each tread end
cementing operation, each bead cementing operation, each green tire
spraying operation, each Michelin-A operation, each Michelin-B
operation, and each Michelin-C automatic operation.
(b) The owner or operator of each undertread cementing operation and
each sidewall cementing operation in rubber tire manufacturing plants
that commenced construction, modification, or reconstruction after
January 20, 1983, and before September 15, 1987, shall have the option
of complying with the alternate provisions in Sec. 60.542a. This
election shall be irreversible. The alternate provisions in Sec. 60.542a
do not apply to any undertread cementing operation or sidewall cementing
operation that is modified or reconstructed after September 15, 1987.
The affected facilities in this paragraph are subject to all applicable
provisions of this subpart.
(c) Although the affected facilities listed under Sec. 60.540(a) are
defined in reference to the production of components of a ``tire,'' as
defined under Sec. 60.541(a), the percent emission reduction
requirements and VOC use cutoffs specified under Sec. 60.542(a)(1), (2),
(6), (7)(iii), (7)(iv), (8), (9), and (10) refer to the total amount of
VOC used (the amount allocated to the affected facility), including the
VOC used in cements and organic solvent-based green tire spray materials
for tire types not
[[Page 56]]
listed in the Sec. 60.541(a) definition of ``tire.''
[52 FR 34874, Sept. 15, 1987, as amended at 54 FR 38635, Sept. 19, 1989]
Sec. 60.541 Definitions.
(a) All terms that are used in this subpart and are not defined
below are given the same meaning as in the Act and in subpart A of this
part.
Bead means rubber-covered strands of wire, wound into a circular
form, which ensure a seal between a tire and the rim of the wheel onto
which the tire is mounted.
Bead cementing operation means the system that is used to apply
cement to the bead rubber before or after it is wound into its final
circular form. A bead cementing operation consists of a cement
application station, such as a dip tank, spray booth and nozzles, cement
trough and roller or swab applicator, and all other equipment necessary
to apply cement to wound beads or bead rubber and to allow evaporation
of solvent from cemented beads.
Component means a piece of tread, combined tread/sidewall, or
separate sidewall rubber, or other rubber strip that is combined into
the sidewall of a finished tire.
Drying area means the area where VOC from applied cement or green
tire sprays is allowed to evaporate.
Enclosure means a structure that surrounds a VOC (cement, solvent,
or spray) application area and drying area, and that captures and
contains evaporated VOC and vents it to a control device. Enclosures may
have permanent and temporary openings.
Green tire means an assembled, uncured tire.
Green tire spraying operation means the system used to apply a mold
release agent and lubricant to the inside and/or outside of green tires
to facilitate the curing process and to prevent rubber from sticking to
the curing press. A green tire spraying operation consists of a booth
where spraying is performed, the spray application station, and related
equipment, such as the lubricant supply system.
Michelin-A operation means the operation identified as Michelin-A in
the Emission Standards and Engineering Division confidential file as
referenced in Docket A-80-9, Entry II-B-12.
Michelin-B operation means the operation identified as Michelin-B in
the Emission Standards and Engineering Division confidential file as
referenced in Docket A-80-9, Entry II-B-12.
Michelin-C-automatic operation means the operation identifed as
Michelin-C-automatic in the Emission Standards and Engineering Division
confidential file as referenced in Docket A-80-9, Entry II-B-12.
Month means a calendar month or a prespecified period of 28 days or
35 days (utilizing a 4-4-5-week recordkeeping and reporting schedule).
Organic solvent-based green tire spray means any mold release agent
and lubricant applied to the inside or outside of green tires that
contains more than 12 percent, by weight, of VOC as sprayed.
Permanent opening means an opening designed into an enclosure to
allow tire components to pass through the enclosure by conveyor or other
mechanical means, to provide access for permanent mechanical or
electrical equipment, or to direct air flow into the enclosure. A
permanent opening is not equipped with a door or other means of
obstruction of air flow.
Sidewall cementing operation means the system used to apply cement
to a continuous strip of sidewall component or any other continuous
strip component (except combined tread/sidewall component) that is
incorporated into the sidewall of a finished tire. A sidewall cementing
operation consists of a cement application station and all other
equipment, such as the cement supply system and feed and takeaway
conveyors, necessary to apply cement to sidewall strips or other
continuous strip component (except combined tread/sidewall component)
and to allow evaporation of solvent from the cemented rubber.
Temporary opening means an opening into an enclosure that is
equipped with a means of obstruction, such as a door, window, or port,
that is normally closed.
Tire means any agricultural, airplane, industrial, mobile home,
light-duty truck and/or passenger vehicle tire that has a bead diameter
less than
[[Page 57]]
or equal to 0.5 meter (m) (19.7 inches) and a cross section dimension
less than or equal to 0.325 m (12.8 in.), and that is mass produced in
an assembly-line fashion.
Tread end cementing operation means the system used to apply cement
to one or both ends of the tread or combined tread/sidewall component. A
tread end cementing operation consists of a cement application station
and all other equipment, such as the cement supply system and feed and
takeaway conveyors, necessary to apply cement to tread ends and to allow
evaporation of solvent from the cemented tread ends.
Undertread cementing operation means the system used to apply cement
to a continuous strip of tread or combined tread/sidewall component. An
undertread cementing operation consists of a cement application station
and all other equipment, such as the cement supply system and feed and
takeaway conveyors, necessary to apply cement to tread or combined
tread/sidewall strips and to allow evaporation of solvent from the
cemented tread or combined tread/sidewall.
VOC emission control device means equipment that destroys or
recovers VOC.
VOC emission reduction system means a system composed of an
enclosure, hood, or other device for containment and capture of VOC
emissions and a VOC emission control device.
Water-based green tire spray means any mold release agent and
lubricant applied to the inside or outside of green tires that contains
12 percent or less, by weight, of VOC as sprayed.
(b) Notations used under this subpart are defined below:
Bo = total number of beads cemented at a particular bead
cementing affected facility for a month
Ca = concentration of VOC in gas stream in vents after a
control device (parts per million by volume)
Cb = concentration of VOC in gas stream in vents before a
control device (parts per million by volume)
Cf = concentration of VOC in each gas stream vented directly
to the atmosphere from an affected facility or from a
temporary enclosure around an affected facility (parts per
million by volume)
Dc = density of cement or spray material (grams per liter (lb
per gallon))
Dr = density of VOC recovered by an emission control device
(grams per liter (lb per gallon))
E = emission control device efficiency, inlet versus outlet (fraction)
Fc = capture efficiency, VOC captured and routed to one
control device versus total VOC used for an affected facility
(fraction)
Fo = fraction of total mass of VOC used in a month by all
facilities served by a common cement or spray material
distribution system that is used by a particular affected
facility served by the common distribution system
G = monthly average mass of VOC used per tire cemented or sprayed with a
water-based green tire spray for a particular affected
facility (grams (lb) per tire)
Gb = monthly average mass of VOC used per bead cemented for a
particular bead cementing affected facility (grams (lb) per
bead)
Lc = volume of cement or spray material used for a month
(liters (gallons))
Lr = volume of VOC recovered by an emission control device
for a month (liters (gallons))
M = total mass of VOC used for a month by all facilities served by a
common cement or spray material distribution system (grams
(lb))
Mo = total mass of VOC used at an affected facility for a
month (grams (lb))
Mr = mass of VOC recovered by an emission control device for
a month (grams (lb))
N = mass of VOC emitted to the atmosphere per tire cemented or sprayed
with a water-based green tire spray for an affected facility
for a month (grams (lb) per tire)
Nb = mass of VOC emitted per bead cemented for an affected
facility for a month (grams (lb) per bead)
Qa = volumetric flow rate in vents after a control device
(dry standard cubic meters (dry standard cubic feet) per hour)
Qb = volumetric flow rate in vents before a control device
(dry standard cubic meters (dry standard cubic feet) per hour)
Qf = volumetric flow rate of each stream vented directly to
the atmosphere from an affected facility or from a temporary
enclosure around an affected facility (dry standard cubic
meters (dry standard cubic feet) per hour)
R = overall efficiency of an emission reduction system (fraction)
Td = total number of days in monthly compliance period (days)
To = total number of tires cemented or sprayed with water-
based green tire sprays at a particular affected facility for
a month
[[Page 58]]
Wo = weight fraction of VOC in a cement or spray material.
[52 FR 34874, Sept. 15, 1987, as amended at 65 FR 61764, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.542 Standards for volatile organic compounds.
(a) On and after the date on which the initial performance test,
required by Sec. 60.8, is completed, but no later than 180 days after
initial startup, each owner or operator subject to the provisions of
this subpart shall comply with the following conditions:
(1) For each undertread cementing operation:
(i) Discharge into the atmosphere no more than 25 percent of the VOC
used (75 percent emission reduction) for each month; or
(ii) Maintain total (uncontrolled) VOC use less than or equal to the
levels specified below, depending upon the duration of the compliance
period:
(A) 3,870 kg (8,531 lb) of VOC per 28 days,
(B) 4,010 kg (8,846 lb) of VOC per 29 days,
(C) 4,150 kg (9,149 lb) of VOC per 30 days,
(D) 4,280 kg (9,436 lb) of VOC per 31 days, or
(E) 4,840 kg (10,670 lb) of VOC per 35 days.
(2) For each sidewall cementing operation:
(i) Discharge into the atmosphere no more than 25 percent of the VOC
used (75 percent emission reduction) for each month; or
(ii) Maintain total (uncontrolled) VOC use less than or equal to the
levels specified below, depending upon the duration of the compliance
period:
(A) 3,220 kg (7,099 lb) of VOC per 28 days,
(B) 3,340 kg (7,363 lb) of VOC per 29 days,
(C) 3,450 kg (7,606 lb) of VOC per 30 days,
(D) 3,570 kg (7,870 lb) of VOC per 31 days, or
(E) 4,030 kg (8,885 lb) of VOC per 35 days.
(3) For each tread end cementing operation: Discharge into the
atmosphere no more than 10 grams (0.022 lb) of VOC per tire cemented for
each month.
(4) For each bead cementing operation: Discharge into the atmosphere
no more than 5 grams (0.011 lb) of VOC per bead cemented for each month.
(5) For each green tire spraying operation where only water-based
sprays are used:
(i) Discharge into the atmosphere no more than 1.2 grams (0.0026 lb)
of VOC per tire sprayed with an inside green tire spray for each month;
and
(ii) Discharge into the atmosphere no more than 9.3 grams (0.021 lb)
of VOC per tire sprayed with an outside green tire spray for each month.
(6) For each green tire spraying operation where only ogranic
solvent-based sprays are used:
(i) Discharge into the atmosphere no more than 25 percent of the VOC
used (75 percent emission reduction) for each month; or
(ii) Maintain total (uncontrolled) VOC use less than or equal to the
levels specified below, depending upon the duration of the compliance
period:
(A) 3,220 kg (7,099 lb) of VOC per 28 days,
(B) 3,340 kg (7,363 lb) of VOC per 29 days,
(C) 3,450 kg (7,606 lb) of VOC per 30 days,
(D) 3,570 kg (7,870 lb) of VOC per 31 days, or
(E) 4,030 kg (8,885 lb) of VOC per 35 days.
(7) For each green tire spraying operation where both water-based
and organic solvent-based sprays are used:
(i) Discharge into the atmosphere no more than 1.2 grams (0.0026 lb)
of VOC per tire sprayed with a water-based inside green tire spray for
each month; and
(ii) Discharge into the atmosphere no more than 9.3 grams (0.021 lb)
of VOC per tire sprayed with a water-based outside green tire spray for
each month; and either
(iii) Discharge into the atmosphere no more than 25 percent of the
VOC used in the organic solvent-based green tire sprays (75 percent
emission reduction) for each month; or
(iv) Maintain total (uncontrolled) VOC use for all organic solvent-
based green tire sprays less than or equal to the levels specified under
paragraph (a)(6)(ii) of this section.
[[Page 59]]
(8) For each Michelin-A operation:
(i) Discharge into the atmosphere no more than 35 percent of the VOC
used (65 percent emission reduction) for each month; or
(ii) Maintain total (uncontrolled) VOC use less than or equal to the
levels specified below, depending upon the duration of the compliance
period:
(A) 1,570 kg (3,461 lb) of VOC per 28 days,
(B) 1,630 kg (3,593 lb) of VOC per 29 days,
(C) 1,690 kg (3,726 lb) of VOC per 30 days,
(D) 1,740 kg (3,836 lb) of VOC per 31 days, or
(E) 1,970 kg (4,343 lb) of VOC per 35 days.
(9) For each Michelin-B operation:
(i) Discharge into the atmosphere no more than 25 percent of the VOC
used (75 percent emission reduction) for each month; or
(ii) Maintain total (uncontrolled) VOC use less than or equal to the
levels specified below, depending upon the duration of the compliance
period:
(A) 1,310 kg (2,888 lb) of VOC per 28 days,
(B) 1,360 kg (2,998 lb) of VOC per 29 days,
(C) 1,400 kg (3,086 lb) of VOC per 30 days,
(D) 1,450 kg (3,197 lb) of VOC per 31 days, or
(E) 1,640 kg (3,616 lb) of VOC per 35 days.
(10) For each Michelin-C-automatic operation:
(i) Discharge into the atmosphere no more than 35 percent of the VOC
used (65 percent emission reduction) for each month; or
(ii) Maintain total (uncontrolled) VOC use less than or equal to the
levels specified under paragraph (a)(8)(ii) of this section.
[52 FR 34874, Sept. 15, 1987, as amended at 65 FR 61764, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.542a Alternate standard for volatile organic compounds.
(a) On and after the date on which the initial performance test,
required by Sec. 60.8, is completed, but no later than 180 days after
September 19, 1989, each owner or operator subject to the provisions in
Sec. 60.540(b) shall not cause to be discharged into the atmosphere more
than: 25 grams (0.055 lb) of VOC per tire processed for each month if
the operation uses 25 grams (0.055 lb) or less of VOC per tire processed
and does not employ a VOC emission reduction system.
(b) [Reserved]
[54 FR 38635, Sept. 19, 1989, as amended at 65 FR 61765, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.543 Performance test and compliance provisions.
(a) Section 60.8(d) does not apply to the monthly performance test
procedures required by this subpart. Section 60.8(d) does apply to
initial performance tests and to the performance tests specified under
paragraphs (b)(2) and (b)(3) of this section. Section 60.8(f) does not
apply when Method 24 is used.
(b) Performance tests shall be conducted as follows:
(1) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall conduct an
initial performance test, as required under Sec. 60.8(a), except as
described under paragraph (j) of this section. The owner or operator of
an affected facility shall thereafter conduct a performance test each
month, except as described under paragraphs (b)(4), (g)(1), and (j) of
this section. Initial and monthly performance tests shall be conducted
according to the procedures in this section.
(2) The owner or operator of an affected facility who elects to use
a VOC emission reduction system with a control device that destroys VOC
(e.g., incinerator), as described under paragraphs (f) and (g) of this
section, shall repeat the performance test when directed by the
Administrator or when the owner or operator elects to operate the
capture system or control device at conditions different from the most
recent determination of overall reduction efficiency. The performance
test shall be conducted in accordance with the procedures described
under paragraphs (f)(2) (i) through (iv) of this section.
(3) The owner or operator of an affected facility who seeks to
comply with the equipment design and performance specifications, as
described under paragraph (j) of this section, shall repeat the
performance test when directed by the Administrator or when
[[Page 60]]
the owner or operator elects to operate the capture system or control
device at conditions different from the most recent determination of
control device efficiency or measurement of capture system retention
time or face velocity. The performance test shall be conducted in
accordance with the procedures described under paragraph (f)(2)(ii) of
this section.
(4) The owner or operator of each tread end cementing operation and
each green tire spraying operation using only water-based sprays (inside
and/or outside) containing less than 1.0 percent, by weight, of VOC is
not required to conduct a monthly performance test as described in
paragraph (d) of this section. In lieu of conducting a monthly
performance test, the owner or operator of each tread end cementing
operation and each green tire spraying operation shall submit
formulation data or the results of Method 24 analysis annually to verify
the VOC content of each tread end cement and each green tire spray
material, provided the spraying formulation has not changed during the
previous 12 months. If the spray material formulation changes,
formulation data or Method 24 analysis of the new spray shall be
conducted to determine the VOC content of the spray and reported within
30 days as required under Sec. 60.546(j).
(c) For each undertread cementing operation, each sidewall cementing
operation, each green tire spraying operation where organic solvent-
based sprays are used, each Michelin-A operation, each Michelin-B
operation, and each Michelin-C-automatic operation where the owner or
operator seeks to comply with the uncontrolled monthly VOC use limits,
the owner or operator shall use the following procedure to determine
compliance with the applicable (depending upon duration of compliance
period) uncontrolled monthly VOC use limit specified under
Sec. 60.542(a) (1)(ii), (2)(ii), (6)(ii), (7)(iv), (8)(ii), (9)(ii), and
(10)(ii). If both undertread cementing and sidewall cementing are
performed at the same affected facility during a month, then the kg/mo
limit specified under Sec. 60.542(a)(1)(ii) shall apply for that month.
(1) Determine the density and weight fraction VOC (including
dilution VOC) of each cement or green tire spray from its formulation or
by analysis of the cement or green tire spray using Method 24. If a
dispute arises, the Administrator may require an owner or operator who
used formulation data to analyze the cement or green tire spray using
Method 24.
(2) Calculate the total mass of VOC used at the affected facility
for the month (Mo) by the following procedure:
(i) For each affected facility for which cement or green tire spray
is delivered in batch or via a distribution system that serves only the
affected facility:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN92.038
Where:
``a'' equals the number of different cements or green tire sprays used
during the month that are delivered in batch or via a
distribution system that serves only a single affected
facility.
(ii) For each affected facility for which cement or green tire spray
is delivered via a common distribution system that also serves other
affected or existing facilities:
(A) Calculate the total mass of VOC used for all of the facilities
served by the common distribution system for the month (M):
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN92.039
Where:
``b'' equals the number of different cements or green tire sprays used
during the month that are delivered via a common distribution
system that also serves other affected or existing facilities.
(B) Determine the fraction (Fo) of M used at the affected
facility by comparing the production records and process specifications
for the material cemented or sprayed at the affected facility for the
month to the production records and process specifications for the
material cemented or sprayed at all other facilities served by the
common distribution system for the month or by another procedure
acceptable to the Administrator.
[[Page 61]]
(C) Calculate the total monthly mass of VOC used at the affected
facility for the month (Mo):
Mo = MFo
(3) Determine the time duration of the monthly compliance period
(Td).
(d) For each tread end cementing operation and each green tire
spraying operation where water-based cements or sprays containing 1.0
percent, by weight, of VOC or more are used (inside and/or outside) that
do not use a VOC emission reduction system, the owner or operator shall
use the following procedure to determine compliance with the VOC
emission per tire limit specified under Sec. 60.542 (a)(3), (a)(5)(i),
(a)(5)(ii), (a)(7)(i), and (a)(7)(ii).
(1) Determine the density and weight fraction VOC as specified under
paragraph (c)(1) of this section.
(2) Calculate the total mass of VOC used at the affected facility
for the month (Mo) as specified under paragraph (c)(2) of
this section.
(3) Determine the total number of tires cemented or sprayed at the
affected facility for the month (To) by the following
procedure:
(i) For a trend end cementing operation, To equals the
number of tread or combined tread/sidewall components that receive an
application of tread end cement for the month.
(ii) For a green tire spraying operation that uses water-based
inside green tire sprays, To equals the number of green tires
that receive an application of water-based inside green tire spray for
the month.
(iii) For a green tire spraying operation that uses water-based
outside green tire sprays, To equals the number of green
tires that receive an application of water-based outside green tire
spray for the month.
(4) Calculate the mass of VOC used per tire cemented or sprayed at
the affected facility for the month (G):
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC16NO91.064
(5) Calculate the mass of VOC emitted per tire cemented or sprayed
at the affected facility for the month (N):
N = G
(e) For each bead cementing operation that does not use a VOC
emission reduction system, the owner or operator shall use the following
procedure to determine compliance with the VOC emission per bead limit
specified under Sec. 60.542(a)(4).
(1) Determine the density and weight fraction VOC as specified under
paragraph (c)(1) of this section.
(2) Calculate the total mass of VOC used at the affected facility
for the month (Mo) as specified under paragraph (c)(2) of
this section.
(3) Determine the number of beads cemented at the affected facility
during the month (Bo) using production records; Bo
equals the number of beads that receive an application of cement for the
month.
(4) Calculate the mass of VOC used per bead cemented at the affected
facility for the month (Gb):
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC16NO91.065
(5) Calculate the mass of VOC emitted per bead cemented at the
affected facility for the month (Nb):
Nb = Gb
(f) For each tread end cementing operation and each bead cementing
operation that uses a VOC emission reduction system with a control
device that destroys VOC (e.g., incinerator), the owner or operator
shall use the following procedure to determine compliance with the
emission limit specified under Sec. 60.542(a) (3) and (4).
(1) Calculate the mass of VOC used per tire cemented at the affected
facility for the month (G), as specified under paragraphs (d) (1)
through (4) of this section, or mass of VOC used per bead cemented at
the affected facility for the month (Gb), as specified under
paragraphs (e) (1) through (4) of this section.
(2) Calculate the mass of VOC emitted per tire cemented at the
affected facility for the month (N) or mass of VOC emitted per bead
cemented for the affected facility for the month (Nb):
N = G (1-R)
Nb = Gb (1-R)
[[Page 62]]
For the initial performance test, the overall reduction efficiency (R)
shall be determined as prescribed under paragraphs (f)(2) (i) through
(iv) of this section. After the initial performance test, the owner or
operator may use the most recently determined overall reduction
efficiency (R) for the performance test. No monthly performance tests
are required. The performance test shall be repeated during conditions
described under paragraph (b)(2) of this section.
(i) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall construct a
temporary enclosure around the application and drying areas during the
performance test for the purpose of capturing fugitive VOC emissions.
The enclosure must be maintained at a negative pressure to ensure that
all evaporated VOC are measurable. Determine the fraction
(Fc) of total VOC used at the affected facility that enters
the control device:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN92.040
Where:
``m'' is the number of vents from the affected facility to the control
device, and ``n'' is the number of vents from the affected
facility to the atmosphere and from the temporary enclosure.
(ii) Determine the destruction efficiency of the control device (E)
by using values of the volumetric flow rate of each of the gas streams
and the VOC content (as carbon) of each of the gas streams in and out of
the control device:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN92.041
Where:
``m'' is the number of vents from the affected facility to the control
device, and ``p'' is the number of vents after the control
device.
(iii) Determine the overall reduction efficiency (R):
R = EFc
(iv) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall have the
option of substituting the following procedure as an acceptable
alternative to the requirements prescribed under paragraph (f)(2)(i) of
this section. This alternative procedure is acceptable only in cases
where a single VOC is used and is present in the capture system. The
average capture efficiency value derived from a minimum of three runs
shall constitute a test.
(A) For each run, ``i,'' measure the mass of the material containing
a single VOC used. This measurement shall be made using a scale that has
both a calibration and a readability to within 1 percent of the mass
used during the run. This measurement may be made by filling the direct
supply reservoir (e.g., trough, tray, or drum that is integral to the
operation) and related application equipment (e.g., rollers, pumps,
hoses) to a marked level at the start of the run and then refilling to
the same mark from a more easily weighed container (e.g., separate
supply drum) at the end of the run. The change in mass of the supply
drum would equal the mass of material used from the direct supply
reservoir. Alternatively, this measurement may be made by weighing the
direct supply reservoir at the start and end of the run or by weighing
the direct supply reservoir and related application equipment at the
start and end of the run. The change in mass would equal the mass of the
material used in the run. If only the direct supply reservoir is
weighed, the amount of material in or on the related application
equipment must be the same at the start and end of the run. All
additions of VOC containing material made to the direct supply reservoir
during a run must be properly accounted for in determining the mass of
material used during that run.
(B) For each run, ``i,'' measure the mass of the material containing
a single VOC which is present in the direct supply reservoir and related
application equipment at the start of the run, unless the ending weight
fraction VOC in the material is greater than or equal to 98.5 percent of
the starting weight fraction VOC in the material, in which case, this
measurement is not required.
[[Page 63]]
This measurement may be made directly by emptying the direct supply
reservoir and related application equipment and then filling them to a
marked level from an easily weighed container (e.g. separate supply
drum). The change in mass of the supply drum would equal the mass of
material in the filled direct supply reservoir and related application
equipment. Alternatively, this measurement may be made by weighing the
direct supply reservoir and related application equipment at the start
of the run and subtracting the mass of the empty direct supply reservoir
and related application equipment (tare weight).
(C) For each run, ``i,'' the starting weight fraction VOC in the
material shall be determined by Method 24 analysis of a sample taken
from the direct supply reservoir at the beginning of the run.
(D) For each run, ``i,'' the ending weight fraction VOC in the
material shall be determined by Method 24 analysis of a sample taken
from the direct supply reservoir at the end of the run.
(E) For each run, ``i,'' in which the ending weight fraction VOC in
the material is greater than or equal to 98.5 percent of the starting
weight fraction VOC in the material, calculate the mass of the single
VOC used (Mi) by multiplying the mass of the material used in the run by
the starting weight fraction VOC of the material used in the run.
(F) For each run, ``i,'' in which the ending weight fraction VOC in
the material is less than 98.5 percent of the starting weight fraction
VOC in the material, calculate the mass of the single VOC used
(Mi) as follows:
(1) Calculate the mass of VOC present in the direct supply reservoir
and related application equipment at the start of the run by multiplying
the mass of material in the direct supply reservoir and related
application equipment at the start of the run by the starting weight
fraction VOC in the material for that run.
(2) Calculate the mass of VOC present in the direct supply reservoir
and related application equipment at the end of the run by multiplying
the mass of material in the direct supply reservoir and related
application equipment at the end of the run by the ending weight
fraction VOC in the material for that run. The mass of material in the
direct supply reservoir and related application equipment at the end of
the run shall be calculated by subtracting the mass of material used in
the run from the mass of material in the direct supply reservoir and
related application equipment at the start of the run.
(3) The mass of the single VOC used (Mi) equals the mass
of VOC present in the direct supply reservoir and related application
equipment at the start of the run minus the mass of VOC present in the
direct supply reservoir and related application equipment at the end of
the run.
(G) If Method 25A is used to determine the concentration of the
single VOC in the capture system, then calculate the capture efficiency
(FCi) for each run, ``i,'' as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN92.042
Where:
Ci = Average concentration of the single VOC in the capture
system during run ``i'' (parts per million by volume)
corrected for background VOC (see Sec. 60.547(a)(5)).
W = Molecular weight of the single VOC, mg/mg-mole (lb/lb-mole).
V = The volume occupied by one mole of ideal gas at standard conditions
[20 deg.C, 760 mm Hg] on a wet basis, 2.405 x
10-5 m\3\/mg-mole (385.3 ft\3\/lb-mole).
Qi = Volumetric flow in the capture system during run i, on a
wet basis, adjusted to standard conditions, m\3\ (ft\3\) (see
Sec. 60.547(a)(5)).
10\6\ = ppm per unity.
Mi = Mass of the single VOC used during run i, mg (lb).
(H) If Method 25 is used to determine the concentration of the
single VOC in the capture system, then calculate the capture efficiency
(FCi) for each run, ``i,'' as follows:
[[Page 64]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN92.043
Where: Ci = Average concentration of the single VOC in the
capture system during run ``i'' (parts per million, as carbon,
by volume) corrected for background VOC (see
Sec. 60.547(a)(5)).
W = Molecular weight of the single VOC, mg/mg-mole (lb/lb-mole).
V = The volume occupied by one mole of ideal gas at standard conditions
[20 deg.C, 760 mm Hg] on a wet basis, 2.405 x
10-5 m\3\/mg-mole (385.3 ft\3\/lb-mole).
Qi = Volumetric flow in the capture system during run i, on a
wet basis, adjusted to standard conditions, m\3\ (ft\3\) (see
Sec. 60.547(a)(5)).
10\6\ = ppm per unity.
Mi = Mass of the single VOC used during run i, mg (lb).
NC = Number of carbon atoms in one molecule of the single VOC.
(I) Calculate the average capture efficiency value, Fc as
follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN92.044
Where:
``n'' equals the number of runs made in the test (n 3). In cases where
an alternative procedure in this paragraph is used, the
requirements in paragraphs (f)(2) (ii) and (iii) of this
section remain unchanged.
(g) For each undertread cementing operation, each sidewall cementing
operation, each green tire spraying operation where organic solvent-
based sprays are used, each Michelin-A operation, each Michelin-B
operation, and each Michelin-C-automatic operation that uses a VOC
emission reduction system with a control device that destroys VOC (e.g.,
incinerator), the owner or operator shall use the following procedure to
determine compliance with the percent emission reduction requirement
specified under Sec. 60.542 (a) (1)(i), (2)(i), (6)(i), (7)(iii),
(8)(i), (9)(i), and (10)(i).
(1) For the initial performance test, the overall reduction
efficiency (R) shall be determined as prescribed under paragraphs (f)(2)
(i) through (iii) of this section. The performance test shall be
repeated during conditions described under paragraph (b)(2) of this
section. No monthly performance tests are required.
(h) For each tread end cementing operation and each bead cementing
operation that uses a VOC emission reduction system with a control
device that recovers VOC (e.g., carbon adsorber), the owner or operator
shall use the following procedure to determine compliance with the
emission limit specified under Sec. 60.542(a) (3) and (4).
(1) Calculate the mass of VOC used per tire cemented at the affected
facility for the month (G), as specified under paragraphs (d) (1)
through (4) of this section, or mass of VOC used per bead cemented at
the affected facility for the month (Gb), as specified under
paragraphs (e) (1) through (4) of this section.
(2) Calculate the total mass of VOC recovered from the affected
facility for the month (Mr):
Mr = Lr Dr
(3) Calculate the overall reduction efficiency for the VOC emission
reduction system (R) for the month:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC16NO91.066
(4) Calculate the mass of VOC emitted per tire cemented at the
affected facility for the month (N) or mass of VOC emitted per bead
cemeted at the affected facility for the month (Nb):
N = G (1-R)
Nb = Gb (1-R)
[[Page 65]]
(i) For each undertread cementing operation, each sidewall cemeting
operation, each green tire spraying operation where organic solvent-
based sprays are used, each Michelin-A operation, each Michelin-B
operation, and each Michelin-C-automatic operation that uses a VOC
emission reduction system with a control device that recovers (VOC)
(e.g., carbon adsorber), the owner or operator shall use the following
procedure to determine compliance with the percent reduction requirement
specified under Sec. 60.542(a) (1)(i), (2)(i), (6)(i), (7)(iii), (8)(i),
(9)(i), and (10)(i).
(1) Determine the density and weight fraction VOC as specified under
paragraph (c)(1) of this section.
(2) Calculate the total mass of VOC used at the affected facility
for the month (Mo) as described under paragraph (c)(2) of
this section.
(3) Calculate the total mass of VOC recovered from the affected
facility for the month (Mr) as described under paragraph
(h)(2) of this section.
(4) Calculate the overall reduction efficiency for the VOC emission
reduction system (R) for the month as described under paragraph (h)(3)
of this section.
(j) Rather than seeking to demonstrate compliance with the
provisions of Sec. 60.542(a) (1)(i), (2)(i), (6)(i), (7)(iii), or (9)(i)
using the performance test procedures described under paragraphs (g) and
(i) of this section, an owner or operator of an undertread cementing
operation, sidewall cementing operation, green tire spraying operation
where organic solvent-based sprays are used, or Michelin-B operation
that use a VOC emission reduction system may seek to demonstrate
compliance by meeting the equipment design and performance
specifications listed under paragraphs (j)(1), (2), and (4) through (6)
or under paragraphs (j)(1) and (3) through (6) of this section, and by
conducting a control device efficiency performance test to determine
compliance as described under paragraph (j)(7) of this section. The
owner or operator shall conduct this performance test of the control
device efficiency no later than 180 days after initial startup of the
affected facility, as specified under Sec. 60.8(a). Meeting the capture
system design and performance specifications, in conjunction with
operating a 95 percent efficient control device, is an acceptable means
of demonstrating compliance with the standard. Therefore, the
requirement for the initial performance test on the enclosure, as
specified under Sec. 60.8(a), is waived. No monthly performance tests
are required.
(1) For each undertread cementing operation, each sidewall cementing
operation, and each Michelin-B operation, the cement application and
drying area shall be contained in an enclosure that meets the criteria
specified under paragraphs (j) (2), (4), and (5) of this section; for
each green tire spraying operation where organic solvent-based sprays
are used, the spray application and drying area shall be contained in an
enclosure that meets the criteria specified under paragraphs (j) (3),
(4), and (5) of this section.
(2) The drying area shall be enclosed between the application area
and the water bath or to the extent necessary to contain all tire
components for at least 30 seconds after cement application, whichever
distance is less.
(3) Sprayed green tires shall remain in the enclosure for a minimum
of 30 seconds after spray application.
(4) A minimum face velocity of 30.5 meters (100 feet) per minute
shall be maintained continuously through each permanent opening into the
enclosure when all temporary enclosure openings are closed. The cross-
sectional area of each permanent opening shall be divided into at least
12 equal areas, and a velocity measurement shall be performed at the
centroid of each equal area with an anemometer or similar velocity
monitoring device; the face velocity of each permanent opening is the
average value of the velocity measurements taken. The monitoring device
shall be calibrated and operated according to the manufacturer's
instructions.
Temporary enclosure openings shall remain closed at all times except
when worker access is necessary.
(5) The total area of all permanent openings into the enclosure
shall not exceed the area that would be necessary to maintain the VOC
concentration of the exhaust gas stream at 25
[[Page 66]]
percent of the lower explosive limit (LEL) under the following
conditions:
(i) The facility is operating at the maximum solvent use rate;
(ii) The face velocity through each permanent opening is 30.5 meters
(100 feet) per minute; and
(iii) All temporary openings are closed.
(6) All captured VOC are ducted to a VOC emission control device
that is operated on a continuous basis and that achieves at least a 95
percent destruction or recovery efficiency.
(7) The efficiency of the control device (E) for the initial
performance test is determined by using values of the volumetric flow
rate of each of the gas streams and the VOC content (as carbon) of each
of the gas streams in and out of the control device as described under
paragraph (f)(2)(ii) of this section. The control device efficiency
shall be redetermined during conditions specified under paragraph (b)(3)
of this section.
(k) Each owner or operator of an affected facility who initially
elected to be subject to the applicable percent emission reduction
requirement specified under Sec. 60.542(a)(1)(i), (2)(i), (6)(i),
(7)(iii), (8)(i), (9)(i), or (10)(i) and who later seeks to comply with
the applicable total (uncontrolled) monthly VOC use limit specified
under Sec. 60.542(a)(1)(ii), (2)(ii), (6)(ii), (7)(iv), (8)(ii),
(9)(ii), or (10)(ii) shall demonstrate, using the procedures described
under paragraph (c) of this section, that the total VOC use at the
affected facility has not exceeded the applicable total (uncontrolled)
monthly VOC use limit during each of the last 6 months of operation. The
owner or operator shall be subject to the applicable percent emission
reduction requirement until the conditions of this paragraph and
Sec. 60.546(h) are satisfied.
(l) In determining compliance for each undertread cementing
operation, each sidewall cementing operation, each green tire spraying
operation, each Michelin-A operation, each Michelin-B operation, and
each Michelin-C-automatic operation, the owner or operator shall include
all the VOC used, recovered, or destroyed from cements and organic
solvent-based green tire sprays including those cements or sprays used
for tires other than those defined under Sec. 60.541(a).
(m) In determining compliance for each tread end cementing
operation, each bead cementing operation, and each green tire spraying
operation, the owner or operator shall include only those tires defined
under Sec. 60.541(a) when determining To and Bo.
(n) For each undertread cementing operation and each sidewall
cementing operation that does not use a VOC emission reduction system,
the owner or operator shall use the following procedure to determine
compliance with the VOC emission per tire limit specified in
Sec. 60.542a:
(1) Calculate the total mass of VOC (Mo) used at the
affected facility for the month by the following procedure.
(i) For each affected facility for which cement is delivered in
batch or via a distribution system which serves only that affected
facility:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN92.045
Where: ``n'' equals the number of different cements or sprays used
during the month.
(ii) For each affected facility for which cement is delivered via a
common distribution system which also serves other affected or existing
facilities.
(A) Calculate the total mass (M) of VOC used for all of the
facilities served by the common distribution system for the month:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN92.046
Where: ``n'' equals the number of different cements or sprays used
during the month.
(B) Determine the fraction (Fo) of ``M'' used by the
affected facility by comparing the production records and process
specifications for the material cemented at the affected facility for
the month to the production records and process specifications for the
material cemented at all other facilities
[[Page 67]]
served by the common distribution system for the month or by another
procedure acceptable to the Administrator.
(C) Calculate the total monthly mass of VOC(Mo) used at
the affected facility:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC16NO91.067
(2) Determine the total number of tires (To) processed at
the affected facility for the month by the following procedure.
(i) For undertread cementing, To equals the number of
tread or combined tread/sidewall components which receive an application
of undertread cement.
(ii) For sidewall cementing, To equals the number of
sidewall components which receive an application of sidewall cement,
divided by 2.
(3) Calculate the mass of VOC used per tire processed (G) by the
affected facility for the month:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC16NO91.068
(4) Calculate the mass of VOC emitted per tire processed (N) for the
affected facility for the month:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC16NO91.069
(5) Where the value of the mass of VOC emitted per tire processed
(N) is less than or equal to the VOC emission per tire limit specified
under Sec. 60.542a, the affected facility is in compliance.
[52 FR 34874, Sept. 15, 1987; 52 FR 37874, Oct. 9, 1987, as amended at
54 FR 38635, Sept. 19, 1989; 65 FR 61765, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.544 Monitoring of operations.
(a) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate according to
manufacturer's specifications the following equipment, unless
alternative monitoring procedures or requirements are approved for that
facility by the Administrator:
(1) Where a thermal incinerator is used for VOC emission reduction,
a temperature monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder for
the temperature of the gas stream in the combustion zone of the
incinerator. The temperature monitoring device shall have an accuracy of
1 percent of the temperature being measured in deg.C or [0.5 deg.C,
whichever is greater.
(2) Where a catalytic incinerator is used for VOC emission
reduction, temperature monitoring devices, each equipped with a
continuous recorder, for the temperature in the gas stream immediately
before and after the catalyst bed of the incinerator. The temperature
monitoring devices shall have an accuracy of 1 percent of the
temperature being measured in deg.C or [0.5 deg.C, whichever is
greater.
(3) For an undertread cementing operation, sidewall cementing
operation, green tire spraying operation where organic solvent-based
sprays are used, or Michelin-B operation where a carbon adsorber is used
to meet the performance requirements specified under Sec. 60.543(j)(6),
an organics monitoring device used to indicate the concentration level
of organic compounds based on a detection principle such as infrared,
photoionization, or thermal conductivity, equipped with a continous
recorder, for the outlet of the carbon bed.
(b) An owner or operator of an undertread cementing operation,
sidewall cementing operation, green tire spraying operation where
organic solvent-based sprays are used, or Michelin-B operation where a
VOC recovery device other than a carbon adsorber is used to meet the
performance requirements specified under Sec. 60.543(j)(6), shall
provide to the Administrator information describing the operation of the
control device and the process parameter(s) which would indicate proper
operation and maintenance of the device. The Administrator may request
further information and will specify appropriate monitoring procedures
or requirements.
[52 FR 34874, Sept. 15, 1987, as amended at 65 FR 61765, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.545 Recordkeeping requirements.
(a) Each owner or operator of an affected facility that uses a
thermal incinerator shall maintain continuous records of the temperature
of the gas stream in the combustion zone of the incinerator and records
of all 3-hour periods of operation for which the average temperature of
the gas stream in
[[Page 68]]
the combustion zone was more than 28 deg.C (50 deg.F) below the
combustion zone temperature measured during the most recent
determination of the destruction efficiency of the thermal incinerator
that demonstrated that the affected facility was in compliance.
(b) Each owner or operator of an affected facility that uses a
catalytic incinerator shall maintain continuous records of the
temperature of the gas stream both upstream and downstream of the
catalyst bed of the incinerator, records of all 3-hour periods of
operation for which the average temperature measured before the catalyst
bed is more than 28 deg.C (50 deg.F) below the gas stream temperature
measured before the catalyst bed during the most recent determination of
destruction efficiency of the catalytic incinerator that demonstrated
that the affected facility was in compliance, and records of all 3-hour
periods for which the average temperature difference across the catalyst
bed is less than 80 percent of the temperature difference measured
during the most recent determination of the destruction efficiency of
the catalytic incinerator that demonstrated that the affected facility
was in compliance.
(c) Each owner or operator of an undertread cementing operation,
sidewall cementing operation, green tire spraying operation where
organic solvent-based sprays are used, or Michelin-B operation that uses
a carbon adsorber to meet the requirements specified under
Sec. 60.543(j)(6) shall maintain continuous records of all 3-hour
periods of operation during which the average VOC concentration level or
reading of organics in the exhaust gases is more than 20 percent greater
than the exhaust gas concentration level or reading measured by the
organics monitoring device during the most recent determination of the
recovery efficiency of the carbon adsorber that demonstrated that the
affected facility was in compliance.
(d) Each owner or operator of an undertread cementing operation,
sidewall cementing operation, green tires spraying operation where
organic solvent-based sprays are used, Michelin-A operation, Michelin-B
operation, or Michelin-C-automatic operation who seeks to comply with a
specified VOC monthly usage limit shall maintain records of monthly VOC
use and the number of days in each compliance period.
(e) Each owner or operator that is required to conduct monthly
performance tests, as specified under Sec. 60.543(b)(1), shall maintain
records of the results of all monthly tests.
(f) Each owner or operator of a tread end cementing operation and
green tire spraying operation using water-based cements or sprays
containing less than 1.0 percent by weight of VOC, as specified under
Sec. 60.543(b)(4), shall maintain records of formulation data or the
results of Method 24 analysis conducted to verify the VOC content of the
spray.
[52 FR 34874, Sept. 15, 1987, as amended at 54 FR 38637, Sept. 19, 1989;
65 FR 61765, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.546 Reporting requirements.
(a) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this
subpart, at the time of notification of the anticipated initial startup
of an affected facility pursuant to Sec. 60.7(a)(2), shall provide a
written report to the Administrator declaring for each undertread
cementing operation, each sidewall cementing operation, each green tire
spraying operation where organic solvent-based sprays are used, each
Michelin-A operation, each Michelin-B operation, and each Michelin-C
automatic operation the emission limit he intends to comply with and the
compliance method (where Sec. 60.543(j) is applicable) to be employed.
(b) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this
subpart, at the time of notification of the anticipated initial startup
of an affected facility pursuant to Sec. 60.7(a)(2), shall specify the
monthly schedule (each calendar month or a 4-4-5-week schedule) to be
used in making compliance determinations.
(c) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall report the results of all initial performance tests, as required
under Sec. 60.8(a), and the results of the performance tests required
under Sec. 60.543 (b)(2) and (b)(3). The following data shall be
included in the report for each of the above performance tests:
[[Page 69]]
(1) For each affected facility for which the owner or operator seeks
to comply with a VOC monthly usage limit specified under Sec. 60.542(a):
The monthly mass of VOC used (Mo) and the number of days in
the compliance period (Td).
(2) For each affected facility that seeks to comply with a VOC
emission limit per tire or per bead specified under Sec. 60.542(a)
without the use of a VOC emission reduction system: the mass of VOC used
(Mo), the number of tires cemented or sprayed
(To), the mass of VOC emitted per tire cemented or sprayed
(N), the number of beads cemeted (Bo), and the mass of VOC
emitted per bead cemented (Nb).
(3) For each affected facility that uses a VOC emission reduction
system with a control device that destroys VOC (e.g., incinerator) to
comply with a VOC emission limit per tire or per bead specified under
Sec. 60.542(a): The mass of VOC used (Mo), the number of
tires cemented or sprayed (To), the mass of VOC emitted per
tire cemented or sprayed (N), the number of beads cemented
(Bo), the mass of VOC emitted per bead cemented
(Nb), the mass of VOC used per tire cemented or sprayed (G),
the mass of VOC per bead cemented (Gb), the emission control
device efficiency (E), the capture system efficiency (Fc),
the face velocity through each permanent opening for the capture system
with the temporary openings closed, and the overall system emission
reduction (R).
(4) For each affected facility that uses a VOC emission reduction
system with a control device that destroys VOC (e.g., incinerator) to
comply with a percent emission reduction requirement specified under
Sec. 60.542(a): The emission control device efficiency (E), the capture
system efficiency (Fc), the face velocity through each
permanent opening in the capture system with the temporary openings
closed, and the overall system emission reduction (R).
(5) For each affected facility that uses a carbon adsorber to comply
with a VOC emission limit per tire or per bead specified under
Sec. 60.542(a): The mass of VOC used (Mo), the number of
tires cemented or sprayed (To), the mass of VOC used per tire
cemented or sprayed (G), the number of beads cemented (Bo),
the mass of VOC used per bead (Gb), the mass of VOC recovered
(Mr), the overall system emission reduction (R), the mass of
VOC emitted per tire cemented or sprayed (N), and the mass of VOC
emitted per bead cemented (Nb).
(6) For each affected facility that uses a VOC emission reduction
system with a control device that recovers VOC (e.g., carbon adsorber)
to comply with a percent emission reduction requirement specified under
Sec. 60.542(a): The mass of VOC used (Mo), the mass of VOC
recovered (Mr), and the overall system emission reduction
(R).
(7) For each affected facility that elects to comply with the
alternate limit specified under Sec. 60.542a: The mass of VOC used
(Mo), the number of tires processed (To), and the
mass of VOC emitted per tire processed (N).
(d) Each owner or operator of an undertread cementing operation,
sidewall cementing operation, green tire spraying operation where
organic solvent-based sprays are used, or Michelin-B operation who seeks
to comply with the requirements described under Sec. 60.543(j) shall
include in the initial compliance report a statement specifying, in
detail, how each of the equipment design and performance specifications
has been met. The initial compliance report also shall include the
following data: The emission control device efficiency (E), the face
velocity through each permanent enclosure opening with all temporary
enclosure openings closed, the total area of all permanent enclosure
openings, the total area of all temporary enclosure openings, the
maximum solvent use rate (kg/hr or lb/hr), the type(s) of VOC used, the
lower explosive limit (LEL) for each VOC used, and the length of time
each component is enclosed after application of cement or spray
material.
(e) Each owner or operator of an affected facility shall include the
following data measured by the required monitoring device(s), as
applicable, in the report for each performance test specified under
paragraph (c) of this section.
[[Page 70]]
(1) The average combustion temperature measured at least every 15
minutes and averaged over the performance test period of incinerator
destruction efficiency for each thermal incinerator.
(2) The average temperature before and after the catalyst bed
measured at least every 15 minutes and averaged over the performance
test period of incinerator destruction efficiency for each catalytic
incinerator.
(3) The concentration level or reading indicated by the organics
monitoring device at the outlet of the adsorber, measured at least every
15 minutes and averaged over the performance test period of carbon
adsorber recovery efficiency while the vent stream is normally routed
and constituted.
(4) The appropriate data to be specified by the Administrator where
a VOC recovery device other than a carbon adsorber is used.
(f) Once every 6 months each owner or operator subject to the
provisions of Sec. 60.545 shall report, as applicable:
(1) Each monthly average VOC emission rate that exceeds the VOC
emission limit per tire or per bead specified under Sec. 60.542(a), as
applicable for the affected facility.
(2) Each monthly average VOC use rate that exceeds the monthly VOC
usage limit specified under Sec. 60.542(a), as applicable for the
affected facility.
(3) Each monthly average VOC emission reduction efficiency for a VOC
recovery device (e.g., carbon adsorber) less than the percent efficiency
limit specified under Sec. 60.542(a), as applicable for the affected
facility.
(4) Each 3-hour period of operation for which the average
temperature of the gas stream in the combustion zone of a thermal
incinerator, as measured by the temperature monitoring device, is more
than 28 deg.C (50 deg.F) below the combustion zone temperature
measured during the most recent determination of the destruction
efficiency of the thermal incinerator that demonstrated that the
affected facility was in compliance.
(5) Each 3-hour period of operation for which the average
temperature of the gas stream immediately before the catalyst bed of a
catalytic incinerator, as measured by the temperature monitoring device,
is more than 28 deg.C (50 deg.F) below the gas stream temperature
measured before the catalyst bed during the most recent determination of
the destruction efficiency of the catalyst incinerator that demonstrated
that the affected facility was in compliance, and any 3-hour period for
which the average temperature difference across the catalyst bed (i.e.,
the difference between the temperatures of the gas stream immediately
before and after the catalyst bed), as measured by the temperature
monitoring device, is less than 80 percent of the temperature difference
measured during the most recent determination of the destruction
efficiency of the catalytic incinerator that demonstrated that the
affected facility was in compliance.
(6) Each 3-hour period of operation during which the average
concentration level or reading of VOC's in the exhaust gases from a
carbon adsorber is more than 20 percent greater than the exhaust gas
concentration level or reading measured by the organics monitoring
device during the most recent determination of the recovery efficiency
of the carbon adsorber that demonstrated that the affected facility was
in compliance.
(g) The requirements for semiannual reports remain in force until
and unless EPA, in delegating enforcement authority to a State under
Section 111(c) of the Act, approves reporting requirements or an
alternative means of compliance surveillance adopted by such State. In
that event, affected facilities within the State will be relieved of the
obligation to comply with these requirements, provided that they comply
with the requirements established by the State.
(h) Each owner or operator of an affected facility who initially
elected to be subject to the applicable percent emission reduction
requirement specified under Sec. 60.542(a) and who later seeks to comply
with the applicable total (uncontrolled) monthly VOC use limit specified
under Sec. 60.542(a) and who has satisfied the provisions specified
under Sec. 60.543(k) shall furnish the Administrator written
notification no less than 30 days in advance of the date when he intends
to be subject to the
[[Page 71]]
applicable VOC use limit instead of the applicable percent emission
reduction requirement.
(i) The owner or operator of each undertread cementing operation and
each sidewall cementing operation who qualifies for the alternate
provisions as described in Sec. 60.542a, shall furnish the Administrator
written notification of the election no less than 60 days after
September 19, 1989.
(j) The owner or operator of each tread end cementing operation and
each green tire spraying (inside and/or outside) operation using water-
based sprays containing less than 1.0 percent, by weight, of VOC as
described in Sec. 60.543(b)(1) shall furnish the Administrator, within
60 days initially and annually thereafter, formulation data or Method 24
results to verify the VOC content of the water-based sprays in use. If
the spray formulation changes before the end of the 12-month period,
formulation data or Method 24 results to verify the VOC content of the
spray shall be reported within 30 days of the change.
[52 FR 34874, Sept. 15, 1987; 52 FR 37874, Oct. 9, 1987, as amended at
54 FR 38637, Sept. 19, 1989; 65 FR 61765, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.547 Test methods and procedures.
(a) The test methods in appendix A to this part, except as provided
under Sec. 60.8(b), shall be used to determine compliance with
Sec. 60.542(a) as follows:
(1) Method 24 or formulation data for the determination of the VOC
content of cements or green tire spray materials. In the event of
dispute, Method 24 shall be the reference method. For Method 24, the
cement or green tire spray sample shall be a 1-liter sample collected in
a 1-liter container at a point where the sample will be representative
of the material as applied in the affected facility.
(2) Method 25 as the reference method for the determination of the
VOC concentrations in each stack, both entering and leaving an emission
control device. The owner or operator shall notify the Administrator at
least 30 days in advance of any test by Method 25. For Method 25, the
sampling time for each of three runs shall be at least 1 hour. Method 1
shall be used to select the sampling site, and the sampling point shall
be the centroid of the duct or at a point no closer to the walls than
1.0 meter (3.3 feet). The minimum sample volume shall be 0.003 dry
standard cubic meter (dscm) (0.11 dry standard cubic feet (dscf)) except
that shorter sampling times or smaller volumes, when necessitated by
process variables or other factors, may be approved by the
Administrator.
(3) Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D, as appropriate, as the reference method
for determination of the flow rate of the stack gas. The measurement
site shall be the same as for the Method 25 sampling. A velocity
traverse shall be made once per run within the hour that the Method 25
sample is taken.
(4) Method 4 for determination of stack gas moisture.
(5) Method 25 or Method 25A for determination of the VOC
concentration in a capture system prior to a control device when only a
single VOC is present (see Sec. 60.543 (f)(2)(iv)(G) and (f)(2)(iv)(H)).
The owner or operator shall notify the Administrator at least 30 days in
advance of any test by either Method 25 or Method 25A. Method 1 shall be
used to select the sampling site and the sampling point shall be the
centroid of the duct or at a point no closer to the walls than 1.0 meter
(3.3 feet). Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D, as appropriate, shall be used as
the test method for the concurrent determination of gas flow rate in the
capture system.
(i) For Method 25, the sampling time for each run shall be at least
1 hour. For each run, a concurrent sample shall be taken immediately
upwind of the application area to determine the background VOC
concentration of air drawn into the capture system. Subtract this
reading from the reading obtained in the capture system for that run.
The minimum sample volume shall be 0.003 dry standard cubic meter (dscm)
(0.11 dry standard cubic feet (dscf)) except that shorter sampling times
or smaller volumes, when necessitated by process variable or other
factors, may be approved by the Administrator. Use Method 3 to determine
the moisture content of the stack gas.
(ii) For Method 25A, the sampling time for each run shall be at
least 1 hour. Instrument calibration shall be
[[Page 72]]
performed by the procedure given in Method 25A using the single VOC
present in the capture system. A different calibration gas may be used
if the results are corrected using an experimentally determined response
factor comparing the alternative calibration gas to the single VOC used
in the process. After the instrument has been calibrated, determine the
background VOC concentration of the air drawn into the capture system
immediately upwind of the application area for each run. The instrument
does not need to be recalibrated for the background measurement.
Subtract this reading from the reading obtained in the capture system
for that run. The Method 25A results shall only be used in the
alternative procedure for determination of capture efficiency described
under Sec. 60.543(f)(2)(iv)(G).
[52 FR 34874, Sept. 15, 1987, as amended at 54 FR 38638, Sept. 19, 1989;
65 FR 61765, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.548 Delegation of authority.
(a) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority to a
State under section 111(c) of the Act, the authorities contained in
paragraph (b) of this section shall be retained by the Administrator and
not transferred to a State.
(b) Authority which will not be delegated to States:
Sec. 60.543(c)(2)(ii)(B).
Subpart CCC [Reserved]
Subpart DDD_Standards of Performance for Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)
Emissions from the Polymer Manufacturing Industry
Source: 55 FR 51035, Dec. 11, 1990, unless otherwise noted.
Sec. 60.560 Applicability and designation of affected facilities.
(a) Affected facilities. The provisions of this subpart apply to
affected facilities involved in the manufacture of polypropylene,
polyethylene, polystyrene, or poly (ethylene terephthalate) as defined
in Sec. 60.561 of this subpart. The affected facilities designated below
for polypropylene and polyethylene are inclusive of all equipment used
in the manufacture of these polymers, beginning with raw materials
preparation and ending with product storage, and cover all emissions
emanating from such equipment.
(1) For process emissions from any polypropylene and polyethylene
manufacturing process that uses a continuous process, the affected
facilities are each of the following process sections: each raw
materials preparation section, each polymerization reaction section,
each material recovery section, each product finishing section, and each
product storage section. These process sections are affected facilities
for process emissions that are emitted continuously and for process
emissions that are emitted intermittently.
(2) For process emissions from polystyrene manufacturing processes
that use a continuous process, the affected facilities are each material
recovery section. These process sections are affected facilities for
only those process emissions that are emitted continuously.
(3) For process emissions from poly(ethylene terephthalate)
manufacturing processes that use a continuous process, the affected
facilities are each polymerization reaction section. If the process uses
dimethyl terephthalate, then each material recovery section is also an
affected facility. If the process uses terephthalic acid, then each raw
materials preparation section is also an affected facility. These
process sections are affected facilities for only those process
emissions that are emitted continuously.
(4) For VOC emissions from equipment leaks from polypropylene,
polyethylene, and polystyrene (including expandable polystyrene)
manufacturing processes, the affected facilities are each group of
fugitive emissions equipment (as defined in Sec. 60.561) within any
process unit (as defined in Sec. 60.561). This subpart does not apply to
VOC emissions from equipment leaks from poly(ethylene terephthalate)
manufacturing processes.
(i) Affected facilities with a design capacity to produce less than
1,000 Mg/yr (1,102 ton/yr) shall be exempt from Sec. 60.562-2.
[[Page 73]]
(ii) Addition or replacement of equipment for the purposes of
improvement which is accomplished without a capital expenditure shall
not by itself be considered a modification under Sec. 60.562-2.
(b) Applicability dates. The applicability date identifies when an
affected facility becomes subject to a standard. Usually, a standard has
a single applicability date. However, some polypropylene and
polyethylene affected facilities have a September 30, 1987,
applicability date and others have a January 10, 1989, applicability
date. The following paragraphs identify the applicability dates for all
affected facilities subject to this subpart.
(1) Polypropylene and polyethylene. Each process section in a
polypropylene or polyethylene production process is a potential affected
facility for both continuous and intermittent emissions. The
applicability date depends on when the process section was constructed,
modified, or reconstructed and, in some instances, on the type of
production process.
(i) The applicability date for any polypropylene or polyethylene
affected facility that is constructed, modified, or reconstructed after
January 10, 1989, regardless of the type of production process being
used, is January 10, 1989.
(ii) Only some polypropylene or polyethylene process sections that
are constructed, modified, or reconstructed on or before January 10,
1989, but after September 30, 1987, are affected facilities. These
process sections (and the type of emissions to be controlled) are
identified by an ``x'' in table 1. The applicability date for the
process sections (and the emissions to be controlled) that are
identified by an ``x'' in table 1 is September 30, 1987. Since the
affected facilities that have a September 30, 1987, applicability date
are determined by the type of production process (e.g., liquid phase,
gas phase), each owner or operator shall identify the particular
production process that applies to his or her particular process.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Emissions
Polymer Production process(es) Process section ---------------------------------
Continuous Intermittent
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Polypropylene................... Liquid Phase........... Raw Materials X
Preparation.
Polymerization X
Reaction.
Material Recovery.. X X
Product Finishing.. X
Product Storage....
Polypropylene................... Gas Phase.............. Raw Materials
Preparation.
Polymerization ............... X
Reaction.
Material Recovery.. X
Product Finishing..
Product Storage....
Low Density Polyethylene........ High Pressure.......... Raw Materials ............... X
Preparation.
Polymerization ............... X
Reaction.
Material Recovery.. ............... X
Product Finishing.. ............... X
Product Storage.... ............... X
Low Density Polyethylene........ Low Pressure........... Raw Materials X X
Preparation.
High Density Polyethylene....... Gas Phase.............. Polymerization ............... X
Reaction.
Material Recovery..
Product Finishing.. X
Product Storage....
High Density Polyethylene....... Liquid Phase Slurry.... Raw Materials ............... X
Preparation.
Polymerization
Reaction.
Material Recovery.. X
Product Finishing.. X
Product Storage....
High Density Polyethylene....... Liquid Phase Solution.. Raw Materials X X
Preparation.
Polymerization ............... X
Reaction.
Material Recovery.. X X
Product Finishing..
Product Storage.... ...............
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 74]]
(2) Polystyrene. The applicability date for each polystyrene
affected facility is September 30, 1987.
(3) Poly(ethylene terephthalate). The applicability date for each
poly(ethylene terephthalate) affected facility is September 30, 1987.
(c) Any facility under paragraph (a) of this section that commences
construction, modification, or reconstruction after its applicability
date as identified under paragraph (b) of this section is subject to the
requirements of this subpart, except as provided in paragraphs (d)
through (f) of this section.
(d) Any polypropylene or polyethylene affected facility with a
September 30, 1987, applicability date that commenced construction,
modification, or reconstruction after September 30, 1987, and on or
before January 10, 1989, with an uncontrolled emission rate (as defined
in footnote a to table 2) at or below those identified in table 2 is not
subject to the requirements of Sec. 60.562-1 unless and until its
uncontrolled emission rate exceeds that rate listed for it in table 2 or
it is modified or reconstructed after January 10, 1989. At such time,
such facility becomes subject to Sec. 60.562-1 and the procedures
identified in Sec. 60.562-1(a) shall be used to determine the control of
emissions from the facility.
Table 2--Maximum Uncontrolled Threshold Emission Rates \a\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Uncontrolled
emission rate, kg
Production process Process section TOC/Mg product
(See associated
footnote)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Polypropylene, liquid phase Raw Materials 0.15 \b\
process. Preparation.
Polymerization 0.14 \b\, 0.24
Reaction. \c\
Material Recovery.... 0.19 \b\
Product Finishing.... 1.57 \b\
Polypropylene, gas phase Polymerization 0.12 \c\
process. Reaction.
Material Recovery.... 0.02 \b\
Low Density Polyethylene, low Raw Materials 0.41 \d\
pressure process. Preparation.
Polymerization \(e)\
Reaction.
Material Recovery.... \(e)\
Product Finishing.... \(e)\
Product Storage...... \(e)\
Low Density Polythylene, low Raw Materials 0.05 \f\
pressure process. Preparation.
Polymerization 0.03 \g\
Reaction.
Product Finishing.... 0.01 \b\
High Density Polyethylene, Raw Materials 0.25 \c\
liquid phase slurry process. Preparation.
Material Recovery.... 0.11 \b\
Product Finishing.... 0.41 \b\
High Density Polyethylene, Raw Materials 0.24 \f\
liquid phase solution process. Preparation.
Polymerization 0.16 \c\
Reaction.
Material Recovery.... 1.68 \f\
High Density Polyethylene, gas Raw Materials 0.05 \f\
phase process. Preparation.
Polymerization 0.03 \g\
Reaction.
Product Finishing.... 0.01 \b\
Polystyrene, continuous Material Recovery.... 0.05 \b h\
process.
Poly(ethylene terephalate), Material Recovery.... 0.12 \b h\
dimethyl terephthalate
process.
Polymerization 1.80 \h i j\
Reaction.
Poly(ethlyene terephthalate), Raw Materials (l)
terephthalic acid process. Preparation.
Polymerization 1.80 \h j m\
Reaction.
3.92 \h k m\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ ``Uncontrolled emission rate'' refers to the emission rate of a vent
stream that vents directly to the atmosphere and to the emission rate
of a vent stream to the atmosphere that would occur in the absence of
any add-on control devices but after any material recovery devices
that constitute part of the normal material recovery operations in a
process line where potential emissions are recovered for recycle or
resale.
\b\ Emission rate applies to continuous emissions only.
\c\ Emission rate applies to intermittent emissions only.
\d\ Total emission rate for non-emergency intermittent emissions from
raw materials preparation, polymerization reaction, material recovery,
product finishing, and product storage process sections.
\e\ See footnote d.
\f\ Emission rate applies to both continuous and intermittent emissions.
\g\ Emission rate applies to non-emergency intermittent emissions only.
\h\ Applies to modified or reconstructed affected facilities only.
\i\ Includes emissions from the cooling water tower.
[[Page 75]]
\j\ Applies to a process line producing low viscosity poly(ethylene
terephthlalate).
\k\ Applies to a process line producing high viscosity poly(ethylene
terephathalate).
\l\ See footnote m.
\m\ Applies to the sum of emissions to the atmosphere from the
polymerization reaction section (including emissions from the cooling
tower) and the raw materials preparation section (i.e., the
esterifiers).
(e)(1) Modified or reconstructed affected facilities at polystyrene
and poly(ethylene terephthalate) plants with uncontrolled emission rates
at or below those identified in table 2 are exempt from the requirements
of Sec. 60.562-1 unless and until its uncontrolled emission rate exceeds
that rate listed for it in table 2. This exemption does not apply to new
polystyrene or poly(ethylene terephthalate) affected facilities.
(2) Emissions from modified or reconstructed affected facilities
that are controlled by an existing control device and that have
uncontrolled emission rates greater than the uncontrolled threshold
emission rates identified in table 2 are exempt from the requirements of
Sec. 60.562-1 unless and until the existing control device is modified,
reconstructed, or replaced.
(f) No process section of an experimental process line is considered
an affected facility for continuous or intermittent process emissions.
(g) Individual vent streams that emit continuous emissions with
uncontrolled annual emissions of less than 1.6 Mg/yr (1.76 ton/yr) or
with a weight percent TOC of less than 0.10 percent from a new,
modified, or reconstructed polypropylene or polyethylene affected
facility are exempt from the requirements of Sec. 60.562-1(a)(1). If at
a later date, an individual stream's uncontrolled annual emissions
become 1.6 Mg/yr (1.76 ton/yr) or greater (if the stream was exempted on
the basis of the uncontrolled annual emissions exemption) or VOC
concentration becomes 0.10 weight percent or higher (if the stream was
exempted on the basis of the VOC concentration exemption), then the
stream is subject to the requirements of Sec. 60.562-1.
(h) Emergency vent streams, as defined in Sec. 60.561, from a new,
modified, or reconstructed polypropylene or polyethylene affected
facility are exempt from the requirements of Sec. 60.562-1(a)(2).
(i) An owner or operator of a polypropylene or polyethylene affected
facility that commenced construction, modification, or reconstruction
after September 30, 1987, and on or before January 10, 1989, and that is
in a process line in which more than one type of polyolefin (i.e.,
polypropylene, low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, or
their copolymers) is produced shall select one of the polymer/production
process combinations in table 1 for purposes of determining applicable
affected facilities and uncontrolled threshold emissions rates.
(j) Alternative means of compliance--(1) Option to comply with part
65. Owners or operators may choose to comply with 40 CFR part 65,
subpart G, for continuous process vents that are subject to this
subpart, that choose to comply with Sec. 60.562-1(a)(1)(i)(A), (B), or
(C) as allowed in Sec. 60.562-1(a)(1) and (b)(1)(iii). The requirements
of 40 CFR part 65, subpart G, satisfy the requirements of paragraph (c)
of this section and Secs. 60.563 through 60.566, except for
Sec. 60.565(g)(1). Other provisions applying to owners or operators who
choose to comply with 40 CFR part 65 are provided in 40 CFR 65.1.
(2) Part 60, subpart A. Owners or operators who choose to comply
with 40 CFR part 65, subpart G, must also comply with Secs. 60.1, 60.2,
60.5, 60.6, 60.7(a)(1) and (4), 60.14, 60.15, and 60.16 for those
process vents. All sections and paragraphs of subpart A of this part
that are not mentioned in this paragraph (j)(2) do not apply to owners
or operators of process vents complying with 40 CFR part 65, subpart G,
except that provisions required to be met prior to implementing 40 CFR
part 65 still apply. Owners and operators who choose to comply with 40
CFR part 65, subpart G, must comply with 40 CFR part 65, subpart A.
(3) Initial startup notification. Each owner or operator subject to
the provisions of this subpart that chooses to comply with 40 CFR part
65, subpart G, at initial startup shall notify the Administrator of the
specific provisions of 40 CFR part 65, subpart G, with
[[Page 76]]
which the owner or operator has elected to comply. Notification shall be
submitted with the notification of initial startup required by 40 CFR
65.5(b).
(Note: The numerical emission limits in these standards are
expressed in terms of total organic compounds, measured as total organic
compounds less methane and ethane.)
[55 FR 51035, Dec. 11, 1990; 56 FR 12299, Mar. 22, 1991, as amended at
65 FR 61765, Oct. 17, 2000; 65 FR 78278, Dec. 14, 2000]
Sec. 60.561 Definitions.
As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein shall have the
meaning given them in the Act, in subpart A of part 60, or in subpart VV
of part 60, and the following terms shall have the specific meanings
given them.
Boiler means any enclosed combustion device that extracts useful
energy in the form of steam.
Capital expenditure means, in addition to the definition in 40 CFR
60.2, an expenditure for a physical or operational change to an existing
facility that exceeds P, the product of the facility's replacement cost,
R, and an adjusted annual asset guideline repair allowance, A, as
reflected by the following equation: P = R x A, where
(a) The adjusted annual asset guideline repair allowance, A, is the
product of the percent of the replacement cost, Y, and the applicable
basic annual asset guideline repair allowance, B, as reflected by the
following equation: A = Y x (B 100);
(b) The percent Y is determined from the following equation: Y = 1.0
^ 0.57 log X, where X is 1986 minus the year of construction; and
(c) The applicable basic annual asset guideline repair allowance, B,
is equal to 12.5.
Car-sealed means, for purposes of these standards, a seal that is
placed on the device used to change the position of a valve (e.g., from
opened to closed) such that the position of the valve cannot be changed
without breaking the seal and requiring the replacement of the old seal
once broken with a new seal.
Closed vent system means a system that is not open to the atmosphere
and that is composed of piping, connections, and, if necessary, flow
inducing devices that transport gas or vapor from a piece or pieces of
equipment to a control device.
Continuous emissions means any gas stream containing VOC that is
generated essentially continuously when the process line or any piece of
equipment in the process line is operating.
Continuous process means a polymerization process in which reactants
are introduced in a continuous manner and products are removed either
continuously or intermittently at regular intervals so that the process
can be operated and polymers produced essentially continuously.
Control device means an enclosed combustion device, vapor recovery
system, or flare.
Copolymer means a polymer that has two different repeat units in its
chain.
Decomposition means, for the purposes of these standards, an event
in a polymerization reactor that advances to the point where the
polymerization reaction becomes uncontrollable, the polymer begins to
break down (decompose), and it becomes necessary to relieve the reactor
instantaneously in order to avoid catastrophic equipment damage or
serious adverse personnel safety consequences.
Decomposition emissions refers to those emissions released from a
polymer production process as the result of a decomposition or during
attempts to prevent a decomposition.
Emergency vent stream means, for the purposes of these standards, an
intermittent emission that results from a decomposition, attempts to
prevent decompositions, power failure, equipment failure, or other
unexpected cause that requires immediate venting of gases from process
equipment in order to avoid safety hazards or equipment damage. This
includes intermittent vents that occur from process equipment where
normal operating parameters (e.g., pressure or temperature) are exceeded
such that the process equipment can not be returned to normal operating
conditions using the design features of the system and venting must
occur to avoid equipment failure or adverse safety personnel
consequences and to minimize adverse effects of the runaway reaction.
This does not include intermittent vents
[[Page 77]]
that are designed into the process to maintain normal operating
conditions of process vessels including those vents that regulate normal
process vessel pressure.
End finisher means a polymerization reaction vessel operated under
very low pressures, typically at pressures of 2 mm Hg (1 in.
H2O) or less, in order to produce high viscosity
poly(ethylene terephthalate). An end finisher is preceded in a high
viscosity poly(ethylene terephthalate) process line by one or more
polymerization vessels operated under less severe vacuums, typically
between 5 and 10 mm Hg (3 and 5 in. H2O). A high viscosity
poly(ethylene terephthalate) process line may have one or more end
finishers.
Existing control device means, for the purposes of these standards,
an air pollution control device that has been in operation on or before
September 30, 1987, or that has been in operation between September 30,
1987, and January 10, 1989, on those continuous or intermittent
emissions from a process section that is marked by an ``--'' in table 1
of this subpart.
Existing control device is reconstructed means, for the purposes of
these standards, the capital expenditure of at least 50 percent of the
replacement cost of the existing control device.
Existing control device is replaced means, for the purposes of these
standards, the replacement of an existing control device with another
control device.
Expandable polystyrene means a polystyrene bead to which a blowing
agent has been added using either an in-situ suspension process or a
post-impregnation suspension process.
Experimental process line means a polymer or copolymer manufacturing
process line with the sole purpose of operating to evaluate polymer
manufacturing processes, technologies, or products. An experimental
process line does not produce a polymer or resin that is sold or that is
used as a raw material for nonexperimental process lines.
Flame zone means that portion of the combustion chamber in a boiler
occupied by the flame envelope.
Fugitive emissions equipment means each pump, compressor, pressure
relief device, sampling connection system, open-ended valve or line,
valve, and flange or other connector in VOC service and any devices or
systems required by subpart VV of this part.
Gas phase process means a polymerization process in which the
polymerization reaction is carried out in the gas phase; i.e., the
monomer(s) are gases in a fluidized bed of catalyst particles and
granular polymer.
High density polyethylene (HDPE) means a thermoplastic polymer or
copolymer comprised of at least 50 percent ethylene by weight and having
a density of greater than 0.940 gm/cm\3\3 (58.7 lb/ft\3\).
High pressure process means the conventional production process for
the manufacture of low density polyethylene in which a reaction pressure
of about 15,000 psig (103,000 kPa gauge) or greater is used.
High viscosity poly(ethylene terephthalate) means poly(ethylene
terephthalate) that has an intrinsic viscosity of 0.9 or higher and is
used in such applications as tire cord and seat belts.
Incinerator means an enclosed combustion device that is used for
destroying VOC.
In-situ suspension process means a manufacturing process in which
styrene, blowing agent, and other raw materials are added together
within a reactor for the production of expandable polystyrene.
Intermittent emissions means those gas streams containing VOC that
are generated at intervals during process line operation and includes
both planned and emergency releases.
Liquid phase process means a polymerization process in which the
polymerization reaction is carried out in the liquid phase; i.e., the
monomer(s) and any catalyst are dissolved, or suspended in a liquid
solvent.
Liquid phase slurry process means a liquid phase polymerization
process in which the monomer(s) are in solution (completely dissolved)
in a liquid solvent, but the polymer is in the form of solid particles
suspended in the liquid reaction mixture during the polymerization
reaction; sometimes called a particle form process.
[[Page 78]]
Liquid phase solution process means a liquid phase polymerization
process in which both the monomer(s) and polymer are in solution
(completely dissolved) in the liquid reaction mixture.
Low density polyethylene (LDPE) means a thermoplastic polymer or
copolymer comprised of at least 50 percent ethylene by weight and having
a density of 0.940 g/cm\3\ (58.7 lb/ft\3\) or less.
Low pressure process means a production process for the manufacture
of low density polyethylene in which a reaction pressure markedly below
that used in a high pressure process is used. Reaction pressure of
current low pressure processes typically go up to about 300 psig (2,070
kPa gauge).
Low viscosity poly(ethylene terephthalate) means a poly(ethylene
terephthalate) that has an intrinsic viscosity of less than 0.75 and is
used in such applications as clothing, bottle, and film production.
Material recovery section means the equipment that recovers
unreacted or by-product materials from any process section for return to
the process line, off-site purification or treatment, or sale. Equipment
designed to separate unreacted or by-product material from the polymer
product are to be included in this process section, provided at least
some of the material is recovered for reuse in the process, off-site
purification or treatment, or sale, at the time the process section
becomes an affected facility. Otherwise such equipment are to be
assigned to one of the other process sections, as appropriate. Equipment
that treats recovered materials are to be included in this process
section, but equipment that also treats raw materials are not to be
included in this process section. The latter equipment are to be
included in the raw materials preparation section. If equipment is used
to return unreacted or by-product material directly to the same piece of
process equipment from which it was emitted, then that equipment is
considered part of the process section that contains the process
equipment. If equipment is used to recover unreacted or by-product
material from a process section and return it to another process section
or a different piece of process equipment in the same process section or
sends it off-site for purification, treatment, or sale, then such
equipment are considered part of a material recovery section. Equipment
used for the on-site recovery of ethylene glycol from poly(ethylene
terephthalate) plants, however, are not included in the material
recovery section, but are covered under the standards applicable to the
polymerization reaction section (Sec. 60.562-1(c)(1)(ii)(A) or
(2)(ii)(A)).
Operating day means, for the purposes of these standards, any
calendar day during which equipment used in the manufacture of polymer
was operating for at least 8 hours or one labor shift, whichever is
shorter. Only operating days shall be used in determining compliance
with the standards specified in Sec. 60.562-1(c)(1)(ii)(B), (1)(ii)(C),
(2)(ii)(B), and (2)(ii)(C). Any calendar day in which equipment is used
for less than 8 hours or one labor shift, whichever is less, is not an
``operating day'' and shall not be used as part of the rolling 14-day
period for determining compliance with the standards specified in
Sec. 60.562-1(c)(1)(ii)(B), (1)(ii)(C), (2)(ii)(B), and (2)(ii)(C).
Polyethylene means a thermoplastic polymer or copolymer comprised of
at least 50 percent ethylene by weight; see low density polyethylene and
high density polyethylene.
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) means a polymer or copolymer
comprised of at least 50 percent bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-terephthalate
(BHET) by weight.
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) manufacture using dimethyl
terephthalate means the manufacturing of poly(ethylene terephthalate)
based on the esterification of dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) with
ethylene glycol to form the intermediate monomer bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-
terephthalate (BHET) that is subsequently polymerized to form PET.
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) manufacture using terephthalic
acid means the manufacturing of poly(ethylene terephthalate) based on
the esterification reaction of terephthalic acid (TPA) with ethylene
glycol to form the intermediate monomer bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-
terephthalate (BHET) that is subsequently polymerized to form PET.
[[Page 79]]
Polymerization reaction section means the equipment designed to
cause monomer(s) to react to form polymers, including equipment designed
primarily to cause the formation of short polymer chains (oligomers or
low polymers), but not including equipment designed to prepare raw
materials for polymerization, e.g., esterification vessels. For the
purposes of these standards, the polymerization reaction section begins
with the equipment used to transfer the materials from the raw materials
preparation section and ends with the last vessel in which
polymerization occurs. Equipment used for the on-site recovery of
ethylene glycol from poly(ethylene terephthalate) plants, however, are
included in this process section, rather than in the material recovery
process section.
Polypropylene (PP) means a thermoplastic polymer or copolymer
comprised of at least 50 percent propylene by weight.
Polystyrene (PS) means a thermoplastic polymer or copolymer
comprised of at least 80 percent styrene or para-methylstyrene by
weight.
Post-impregnation suspension process means a manufacturing process
in which polystyrene beads are first formed in a suspension process,
washed, dried, or otherwise finished and then added with a blowing agent
to another reactor in which the beads and blowing agent are reacted to
produce expandable polystyrene.
Process heater means a device that transfers heat liberated by
burning fuel to fluids contained in tubular coils, including all fluids
except water that is heated to produce steam.
Process line means a group of equipment assembled that can operate
independently if supplied with sufficient raw materials to produce
polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene, (general purpose, crystal, or
expandable) or poly(ethylene terephthalate) or one of their copolymers.
A process line consists of the equipment in the following process
sections (to the extent that these process sections are present at a
plant): raw materials preparation, polymerization reaction, product
finishing, product storage, and material recovery.
Process section means the equipment designed to accomplish a general
but well-defined task in polymer production. Process sections include
raw materials preparation, polymerization reaction, material recovery,
product finishing, and product storage and may be dedicated to a single
process line or common to more than one process line.
Process unit means equipment assembled to perform any of the
physical and chemical operations in the production of polypropylene,
polyethylene, polystyrene, (general purpose, crystal, or expandable), or
poly(ethylene terephthalate) or one of their copolymers. A process unit
can operate independently if supplied with sufficient feed or raw
materials and sufficient storage facilities for the product. Examples of
process units are raw materials handling and monomer recovery.
Product finishing section means the equipment that treats, shapes,
or modifies the polymer or resin to produce the finished end product of
the particular facility, including equipment that prepares the product
for product finishing. For the purposes of these standards, the product
finishing section begins with the equipment used to transfer the
polymerized product from the polymerization reaction section and ends
with the last piece of equipment that modifies the characteristics of
the polymer. Product finishing equipment may accomplish product
separation, extruding and pelletizing, cooling and drying, blending,
additives introduction, curing, or annealing. Equipment used to separate
unreacted or by-product material from the product are to be included in
this process section, provided the material separated from the polymer
product is not recovered at the time the process section becomes an
affected facility. If the material is being recovered, then the
separation equipment are to be included in the material recovery
section. Product finishing does not include polymerization, the physical
mixing of the pellets to obtain a homogenous mixture of the polymer
(except as noted below), or the shaping (such as fiber spinning,
molding, or fabricating) or modification (such as fiber stretching and
crimping) of the finished end product. If physical
[[Page 80]]
mixing occurs in equipment located between product finishing equipment
(i.e., before all the chemical and physical characteristics have been
``set'' by virtue of having passed through the last piece of equipment
in the product finishing section), then such equipment are to be
included in this process section. Equipment used to physically mix the
finished product that are located after the last piece of equipment in
the product finishing section are part of the product storage section.
Product storage section means the equipment that is designed to
store the finished polymer or resin end product of the particular
facility. For the purposes of these standards, the product storage
section begins with the equipment used to transfer the finished product
out of the product finishing section and ends with the containers used
to store the final product. Any equipment used after the product
finishing section to recover unreacted or by-product material are to be
considered part of a material recovery section. Product storage does not
include any intentional modification of the characteristics of any
polymer or resin product, but does include equipment that provide a
uniform mixture of product, provided such equipment are used after the
last product finishing piece of equipment. This process section also
does not include the shipment of a finished polymer or resin product to
another facility for further finishing or fabrication.
Raw materials preparation section means the equipment located at a
polymer manufacturing plant designed to prepare raw materials, such as
monomers and solvents, for polymerization. For the purposes of these
standards, this process section begins with the equipment used to
transfer raw materials from storage and recovered material from material
recovery process sections, and ends with the last piece of equipment
that prepares the material for polymerization. The raw materials
preparation section may include equipment that accomplishes
purification, drying, or other treatment of raw materials or of raw and
recovered materials together, activation of catalysts, and
esterification including the formation of some short polymer chains
(oligomers), but does not include equipment that is designed primarily
to accomplish the formation of oligomers, the treatment of recovered
materials alone, or the storage of raw materials.
Recovery system means an individual unit or series of material
recovery units, such as absorbers, condensers, and carbon adsorbers,
used for recovering volatile organic compounds.
Total organic compounds (TOC) means those compounds measured
according to the procedures specified in Sec. 60.564.
Vent stream means any gas stream released to the atmosphere directly
from an emission source or indirectly either through another piece of
process equipment or a material recovery device that constitutes part of
the normal recovery operations in a polymer process line where potential
emissions are recovered for recycle or resale, and any gas stream
directed to an air pollution control device. The emissions released from
an air pollution control device are not considered a vent stream unless,
as noted above, the control device is part of the normal material
recovery operations in a polymer process line where potential emissions
are recovered for recycle or resale.
Volatile organic compounds (VOC) means, for the purposes of these
standards, any reactive organic compounds as defined in Sec. 60.2
Definitions.
[55 FR 51035, Dec. 11, 1990; 56 FR 9178, Mar. 5, 1991; 56 FR 12299, Mar.
22, 1991; 65 FR 61767, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.562-1 Standards: Process emissions.
(a) Polypropylene, low density polyethylene, and high density
polyethylene. Each owner or operator of a polypropylene, low density
polyethylene, or high density polyethylene process line containing a
process section subject to the provisions of this subpart shall comply
with the provisions in this section on and after the date on which the
initial performance test required by Sec. 60.8 is completed, but not
later than 60 days after achieving the maximum production rate at which
the affected facility will be operated, or 180 days after initial
startup whichever comes first.
[[Page 81]]
(1) Continuous emissions. For each vent stream that emits continuous
emissions from an affected facility as defined in Sec. 60.560(a)(1), the
owner or operator shall use the procedures identified in paragraphs
(a)(1) (ii) and (iii) of this section for determining which continuous
emissions are to be controlled and which level of control listed in
paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section is to be met. The owner or operator
shall use the procedures identified in paragraphs (a)(1) (ii) and (iii)
of this section each time a process section is constructed, modified, or
reconstructed at the plant site.
(i) Level of control Continuous emission streams determined to be
subject to control pursuant to the procedures identified in paragraphs
(a)(1) (ii) and (iii) of this section, as applicable, shall meet one of
the control levels identified in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) (A) through (D) of
this section. The procedures in paragraphs (a)(1) (ii) and (iii) of this
section identify which level of control may be met. The level of control
identified in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(D) of this section is limited to
certain continuous emission streams, which are identified through the
procedures in paragraphs (a)(1) (ii) and (iii) of this section.
(A) Reduce emissions of total organic compounds (minus methane and
ethane) (TOC) by 98 weight percent, or to a concentration of 20 parts
per million by volume (ppmv) on a dry basis, whichever is less
stringent. The TOC is expressed as the sum of the actual compounds, not
carbon equivalents. If an owner or operator elects to comply with the 20
ppmv standard, the concentration shall include a correction to 3 percent
oxygen only when supplemental combustion air is used to combust the vent
stream.
(B) Combust the emissions in a boiler or process heater with a
design heat input capacity of 150 million Btu/hour or greater by
introducing the vent stream into the flame zone of the boiler or process
heater. (Note: A boiler or process heater of lesser design heat capacity
may be used, but must demonstrate compliance with paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A)
of this section.)
(C) Combust the emissions in a flare that meets the conditions
specified in Sec. 60.18. If the flare is used to control both continuous
and intermittent emissions, the flare shall meet the conditions
specified in Sec. 60.18 at all times (i.e., which controlling continuous
emissions alone or when controlling both continuous and intermittent
emissions).
(D) Vent the emissions to a control device located on the plant
site.
(ii) Uncontrolled Continuous Emissions. For each vent stream that
emits continuous emissions from an affected facility as defined in
Sec. 60.560(a)(1) and that is not controlled in an existing control
device, the owner or operator shall use the procedures identified in
table 3 to identify those continuous emissions from each constructed,
modified, or reconstructed affected facility that are to be controlled.
The owner shall include in the procedure all uncontrolled continuous
vent streams from previously constructed, modified, or reconstructed
affected facilities at the plant site each time a process section is
constructed, modified, or reconstructed at the plant site. In applying
the procedures shown in table 3, the stream characteristics may be
either measured or calculated as specified in Sec. 60.564(d). For
modified or reconstructed affected facilities, these stream
characteristics are to be determined after a modification or
reconstruction determination has been made by the Administrator, but
before any actual changes have been undertaken, and then again after the
actual changes have been made. Figure 1 provides a summary overview of
the control determination procedure described in table 3.
[[Page 82]]
Table 3--Procedure for Determining Control and Applicable Standard for Continuous Emission Streams From New,
Modified, or Reconstructed Polypropylene and Polyethylene Affected Facilities
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Applicable TOC
Procedure \a\ weight percent Control/no control Applicable standard
range criteria
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Sum all uncontrolled streams 0.10 < 5.5 1. If total 1. Sec. 60.562-1(a)(1)(i) (A), (B),
with TOC weight percent within combined or (C).
the applicable weight percent uncontrolled
range from all affected emissions are
facilities at a plant site. equal to or
greater than the
calculated
threshold
emissions (CTE)
\b\, control.
2. Calculate total uncontrolled ................. 2. If total 2. Sec. 60.562-1(a)(1)(i) (A)
annual emissions for each weight combined through (D).
percent range. For modified or uncontrolled
affected facilities, use the emission are less
total uncontrolled emissions than the CTE \b\,
after modification or control only
reconstruction. individual streams
with volume flow
rates of 8 scfm or
less.
3. Calculate composite TOC 5.5 < 20 1. If total 1. Sec. 60.562-1(a)(1)(i) (A), (B),
concentration (weight percent) combined or (C)
for streams in the 0.10 to less uncontrolled 2. If total combined uncontrolled
than 5.5 weight percent range emissions are emissions are less than the CTE \b\,
and for streams in the 5.5 to equal to or control only individual streams with
less than 20 weight percent greater than CTE volume flow rates of 8 scfm or less.
range. For modified or \b\, control.
reconstructed affected
facilities, calculate the
composite VOC concentration
before and after modification
and reconstruction.
4. Select the higher of the two 20 to 100 1. If total 1. Sec. 60.562-1(a)(1)(i) (A), (B),
TOC concentrations for each combined or (C).
weight percent range for vent uncontrolled
streams from a modified or emissions are
reconstructed affected facility. equal to or
greater than 18.2
Mg/yr, control.
5. Calculate the threshold ................. 2. If total 2. Sec. 60.562-1(a)(1)(i) (A)
emissions for the 0.10 to less combined through (D).
than 5.5 weight percent range uncontrolled
and for the 5.5 to less than 20 emissions are less
weight percent range using the than 18.2 Mg/yr,
respective composite TOC control.
concentration selected above.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Individual streams excluded under Sec. 60.560(g) from the requirements of Sec. 60.562-1 are to be excluded
from all calculations in this table. This paragraph exempts all individual emission streams with individual
uncontrolled annual emission rates of less than 1.6 Mg/yr and all individual emission streams with individual
TOC concentrations of less than 0.10 percent TOC by weight.
\b\ For the 0.10 to less than 5.5 weight percent range, the following equations are used:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
If the percent composite TOC Use this equation to calculate
concentration is threshold emissions
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.10<0.12.............................. (a x 7.5 x 10\6\) + 226
0.12<0.2............................... (b x 58.3) + 116.8
0.2<0.3................................ (c x 3020) + 71.8
0.3<0.4................................ (d x 547) + 54.5
0.4<0.6................................ 48.3 + 31 (0.6^weight percent
TOC)
0.6<5.5................................ 48.3
------------------------------------------------------------------------
where: a = (0.12 ^ weight percent TOC). \2 5\
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC16NO91.070
c = (0.3^weight percent TOC) \2\
d = (0.4^weight percent TOC). \1 5\
For the 5.5 to less than 20 weight percent range, the following
equations are used.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Use this equation to
If the percent composite TOC concentration calculate threshold
is emissions
------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.5<7.0................................... (e x 740) + 31
7.0<9.0................................... (f x 324) + 25.0
9.0<20.................................... (g x 125) + 18.2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
where
[[Page 83]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC16NO91.071
[[Page 84]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN92.048
(iii) Controlled Continuous Emissions. For each vent stream that
emits continuous emissions from an affected facility as defined in
Sec. 60.560(a)(1) and that is controlled in an existing control device,
each owner or operator shall determine whether the emissions entering
the control device are greater
[[Page 85]]
than or equal to the calculated threshold emissions (CTE) level, which
is to be calculated using the TOC concentration of the inlet vent stream
and the equations in footnote b of table 3. If the inlet stream's TOC
concentration is equal to or greater than 20 weight percent, the
calculated threshold emissions level is 18.2 Mg/yr (20.1 ton/yr). If
multiple emission streams are vented to the control device, the
individual streams are not to be separated into individual weight
percent ranges for calculation purposes as would be done for
uncontrolled emission streams. Emissions vented to an existing control
device are required to be controlled as described in paragraphs
(a)(1)(iii) (A) and (B) of this section. Figure 2 illustrates the
control determination procedure for controlled continuous emissions.
[[Page 86]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN92.049
(A) If the annual emissions of the stream entering the control
device are equal to or greater than the CTE levels, then compliance with
one of the requirements identified in Sec. 60.562-1(a)(1)(i) (A), (B),
or (C) is required at such time the control device is reconstructed or
replaced or has its operating conditions modified as a result of State
or local regulations (including changes in the operating permit)
including those instances where the control device is reconstructed,
replaced, or modified in its operation at the same time the existing
process section
[[Page 87]]
is modified or reconstructed and becomes an affected facility. If the
existing control device already complies with one of the requirements
identified in Sec. 60.562-1(a)(1)(i) (A), (B), or (C), no further
control is required.
(B) If the annual emissions of the stream entering the control
device are less than the CTE level, then the requirements of
Sec. 60.562-1(a)(1)(i) (A), (B), or (C) are not applicable at that time.
However, if the control device is replaced, reconstructed, or modified
at a later date, each owner or operator shall reevaluate the
applicability of these standards. This is done by combining with the
vent stream entering the control device any uncontrolled vent streams in
the same weight percent range as the controlled vent stream and
determining whether the annual emissions of the stream entering the
control device plus the applicable uncontrolled vent streams are greater
than or equal to the CTE level, which is based on the weighted TOC
concentration of the controlled vent stream and the uncontrolled vent
streams. If the annual emissions entering the control device (including
the applicable uncontrolled vent streams) are greater than or equal to
the CTE level, then compliance with one of the requirements identified
in Sec. 60.562-1(a)(1)(i) (A), (B), or (C) is required at that time for
both the controlled and uncontrolled vent streams. If the annual
emissions are less than the CTE level, compliance with these standards
is again not required at such time. However, if the control device is
again replaced, reconstructed, or modified, each owner or operator shall
repeat this determination procedure.
(2) Intermittent emissions. The owner or operator shall control each
vent stream that emits intermittent emissions from an affected facility
as defined in Sec. 60.560-1(a)(1) by meeting one of the control
requirements specified in paragraphs (a)(2) (i) and (ii) of this
section. If a vent stream that emits intermittent emissions is
controlled in an existing flare, incinerator, boiler, or process heater,
the requirements of this paragraph are waived until such time the
control device is reconstructed or replaced or is modified in its
operating conditions as a result of State or local regulation, including
changes in the operating permit. This paragraph does not apply to
emergency vent streams exempted by Sec. 60.560(h) and as defined in
Sec. 60.561.
(i) Combust the emissions in a flare that is:
(A) Designed for and operated with no visible emissions, except for
periods not to exceed a total of 5 minutes during any 2 consecutive
hours,
(B) Operated with a flame present at all times, and
(C) Designed to maintain a stable flame.
(ii) Combust the emissions in an incinerator, boiler, or process
heater. Such emissions shall be introduced into the flame zone of a
boiler or process heater.
(b) Polystyrene. Each owner or operator of a polystyrene process
line containing process sections subject to the provisions of this
subpart shall comply with the provisions in this section on and after
the date on which the initial performance test required by Sec. 60.8 is
completed, but not later than 60 days after achieving the maximum
production rate at which the affected facility will be operated, or 180
days after initial startup, whichever comes first. Each owner or
operator of a polystyrene process line using a continuous process shall:
(1) Limit the continuous TOC emissions from the material recovery
section by complying with one of the following:
(i) Not allow continuous TOC emissions to be greater than 0.0036 kg
TOC/Mg (0.0072 lb TOC/ton) product; or
(ii) Not allow the outlet gas stream temperature from each final
condenser in the material recovery section to exceed ^25 deg.C (^13
deg.F). For purposes of this standard, temperature excursions above this
limit shall not be considered a violation when such excursions occur
during periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction; or
(iii) Comply with Sec. 60.562-1(a)(1)(i) (A), (B), or (C).
(2) If continuous TOC emissions from the material recovery section
are routed through an existing emergency vapor recovery system, then
compliance with these standards is required when the emergency vapor
recovery
[[Page 88]]
system undergoes modification, reconstruction, or replacement. In such
instances, compliance with these standards shall be achieved no later
than 180 days after completion of the modification, reconstruction, or
replacement.
(c) Poly(ethylene terephthalate). Each owner or operator of a
poly(ethylene terephthalate) process line containing process sections
subject to the provisions of this subpart shall comply with the
provisions in this section on and after the date on which the initial
performance test required by Sec. 60.8 is completed, but not later than
60 days after achieving the maximum production rate at which the
affected facility will be operated, or 180 days after initial startup,
whichever comes first.
(1) Each owner or operator of a PET process line using a dimethyl
terephthalate process shall:
(i) Limit the continuous TOC emissions from the material recovery
section (i.e., methanol recovery) by complying with one of the
following:
(A) Not allow the continuous TOC emissions to be greater than 0.018
kg TOC/Mg (0.036 lb TOC/ton) product; or
(B) Not allow the outlet gas stream temperature from each final
condenser in the material recovery section (i.e., methanol recovery) to
exceed + 3 deg.C ( + 37 deg.F). For purposes of this standard,
temperature excursions above this limit shall not be considered a
violation when such excursions occur during periods of startup,
shutdown, or malfunction.
(ii) Limit the continuous TOC emissions and, if steam-jet ejectors
are used to provide vacuum to the polymerization reactors, the ethylene
glycol concentration from the polymerization reaction section by
complying with the appropriate standard set forth below. The ethylene
glycol concentration limits specified in paragraphs (c)(1)(ii) (B) and
(C) of this section shall be determined by the procedures specified in
Sec. 60.564(j).
(A) Not allow continuous TOC emissions from the polymerization
reaction section (including emissions from any equipment used to further
recover the ethylene glycol, but excluding those emissions from the
cooling tower) to be greater than 0.02 kg TOC/Mg (0.04 lb TOC/ton)
product; and
(B) If steam-jet ejectors are used as vacuum producers and a low
viscosity product is being produced using single or multiple end
finishers or a high viscosity product is being produced using a single
end finisher, maintain the concentration of ethylene glycol in the
liquid effluent exiting the vacuum system servicing the polymerization
reaction section at or below 0.35 percent by weight, averaged on a daily
basis over a rolling 14-day period of operating days; or
(C) If steam-jet ejectors are used as vacuum producers and a high
viscosity product is being produced using multiple end finishers,
maintain an ethylene glycol concentration in the cooling tower at or
below 6.0 percent by weight, averaged on a daily basis over a rolling
14-day period of operating days.
(2) Each owner or operator of a PET process line using a
terephthalic acid process shall:
(i) Not allow the continuous TOC emissions from the esterification
vessels in the raw materials preparation section to be greater than 0.04
kg TOC/Mg (0.08 lb TOC/ton) product.
(ii) Limit the continuous TOC emissions and, if steam-jet ejectors
are used to provide vaccum to the polymerization reactors, the ethylene
glycol concentration from the polymerization reaction section by
complying with the appropriate standard set forth below. The ethylene
glycol concentration limits specified in paragraphs (c)(2)(ii) (B) and
(C) of this section shall be determined by the procedures specified in
Sec. 60.564(j).
(A) Not allow continuous TOC emissions from the polymerization
reaction section (including emissions from any equipment used to further
recover the ethylene glycol, but excluding those emissions from the
cooling tower) to be greater than 0.02 kg TOC/Mg (0.04 lb TOC/ton)
product; and
(B) If steam-jet ejectors are used as vacuum producers and a low
viscosity product is being produced using single or multiple end
finishers or a high viscosity product is being produced using a single
end finisher, maintain the concentration of ethylene glycol in the
[[Page 89]]
liquid effluent exiting the vacuum system servicing the polymerization
reaction section at or below 0.35 percent by weight, averaged on a daily
basis over a rolling 14-day period of operating days; or
(C) If steam-jet ejectors are used as vacuum producers and a high
viscosity product is being produced using multiple end finishers,
maintain an ethylene glycol concentration in the cooling tower at or
below 6.0 percent by weight, averaged on a daily basis over a rolling
14-day period of operating days.
(d) Closed vent systems and control devices used to comply with this
subpart shall be operated at all times when emissions may be vented to
them.
(e) Vent systems that contain valves that could divert a vent stream
from a control device shall have car-sealed opened all valves in the
vent system from the emission source to the control device and car-
sealed closed all valves in vent system that would lead the vent stream
to the atmosphere, either directly or indirectly, bypassing the control
device.
[55 FR 51035, Dec. 11, 1990; 56 FR 9178, Mar. 5, 1991, as amended at 56
FR 12299, Mar. 22, 1991; 65 FR 61767, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.562-2 Standards: Equipment leaks of VOC.
(a) Each owner or operator of an affected facility subject to the
provisions of this subpart shall comply with the requirements specified
in Sec. 60.482-1 through Sec. 60.482-10 as soon as practicable, but no
later than 180 days after initial startup, except that indications of
liquids dripping from bleed ports in existing pumps in light liquid
service are not considered to be a leak as defined in Sec. 60.482-
2(b)(2). For purposes of this standard, a ``bleed port'' is a
technologically-required feature of the pump whereby polymer fluid used
to provide lubrication and/or cooling of the pump shaft exits the pump,
thereby resulting in a visible leak of fluid. This exemption expires
when the existing pump is replaced or reconstructed.
(b) An owner or operator may elect to comply with the requirements
specified in Sec. 60.483-1 and Sec. 60.483-2.
(c) An owner or operator may apply to the Administrator for a
determination of equivalency for any means of emission limitation that
achieves a reduction in emissions of VOC at least equivalent to the
reduction in emissions of VOC achieved by the controls required in this
subpart. In doing so, the owner or operator shall comply with
requirements specified in Sec. 60.484.
(d) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall comply with the provisions specified in Sec. 60.485 except an
owner or operator may use the following provision in addition to
Sec. 60.485(e): Equipment is in light liquid service if the percent
evaporated is greater than 10 percent at 150 deg.C (302 deg.F) as
determined by ASTM Method D86-78, 82, 90, 95, or 96 (incorporated by
reference as specified in Sec. 60.17).
(e) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall comply with Sec. 60.486 and Sec. 60.487.
[55 FR 51035, Dec. 11, 1990; 56 FR 12299, Mar. 22, 1991, as amended at
65 FR 61767, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.563 Monitoring requirements.
(a) Whenever a particular item of monitoring equipment is specified
in this section to be installed, the owner or operator shall install,
calibrate, maintain, and operate according to manufacturer's
specifications that item as follows:
(1) A temperature monitoring device to measure and record
continuously the operating temperature to within 1 percent (relative to
degrees Celsius) or [0.5 deg.C ([0.9 deg.F), whichever is greater.
(2) A flame monitoring device, such as a thermocouple, an
ultraviolet sensor, an infrared beam sensor, or similar device to
indicate and record continuously whether a flare or pilot light flame is
present, as specified.
(3) A flow monitoring indicator to indicate and record whether or
not flow exists at least once every fifteen minutes.
(4) An organic monitoring device (based on a detection principle
such as infrared, photoionization, or thermal conductivity) to indicate
and record continuously the concentration level of organic compounds.
[[Page 90]]
(5) A specific gravity monitoring device to measure and record
continuously to within 0.02 specific gravity unit.
(b) The owner or operator shall install, as applicable, the
monitoring equipment for the control means used to comply with
Sec. 60.562-1, except Sec. 60.562-1(a)(1)(i)(D), as follows:
(1) If the control equipment is an incinerator:
(i) For a noncatalytic incinerator, a temperature monitoring device
shall be installed in the firebox.
(ii) For a catalytic incinerator, temperature monitoring devices
shall be installed in the gas stream immediately before and after the
catalytic bed.
(2) If a flare is used:
(i) A flame monitoring device shall be installed to indicate the
presence of a flare flame or a flame for each pilot light, if the flare
is used to comply with Sec. 60.562-1(a)(1), including those flares
controlling both continuous and intermittent emissions.
(ii) A thermocouple or equivalent monitoring device to indicate the
presence of a flame at each pilot light, if used to comply with
Sec. 60.562-1(a)(2).
(3) If a boiler or process heater is used:
(i) If the boiler or process heater has a heat input design capacity
of less than 150 million Btu/hr, a temperature monitoring device shall
be installed between the radiant section and the convection zone for
watertube boilers and between the furnace (combustion zone) and the
firetubes for firetube boilers.
(ii) If the boiler or process heater has a heat input design
capacity of 150 million Btu/hr or greater, such records to indicate the
periods of operation of the boiler or process heater shall be
maintained. The records must be readily available for inspection.
(4) If an absorber is the final unit in a system:
(i) A temperature monitoring device and a specific gravity
monitoring device for the scrubber liquid shall be installed, or
(ii) An organic monitoring device shall be installed at the outlet
of the absorber.
(5) If a condenser is the final unit in a system:
(i) A temperature monitoring device shall be installed at the
condenser exit (product side), or
(ii) An organic monitoring device shall be installed at the outlet
of the condenser.
(6) If a carbon adsorber is the final unit in a system, an organic
monitoring device shall be installed at the outlet of the carbon bed.
(c) Owners or operators of control devices used to comply with the
provisions of this subpart, except Sec. 60.562-1(a)(1)(i)(D), shall
monitor these control devices to ensure that they are operated and
maintained in conformance with their designs.
(d) Owners or operators using a vent system that contains valves
that could divert a vent stream from a control device used to comply
with the provisions of this subpart shall do one or a combination of the
following:
(1) Install a flow indicator immediately downstream of each valve
that if opened would allow a vent stream to bypass the control device
and be emitted, either directly or indirectly, to the atmosphere. The
flow indicator shall be capable of recording flow at least once every
fifteen minutes.
(2) Monitor the valves once a month, checking the position of the
valves and the condition of the car seal, and identify all times when
the car seals have been broken and the valve position has been changed
(i.e., from opened to closed for valves in the vent piping to the
control device and from closed to open for valves that allow the stream
to be vented directly or indirectly to the atmosphere).
(e) An owner or operator complying with the standards specified
under Sec. 60.562-1, except Sec. 60.562-1(a)(1)(i)(D), with control
devices other than an incinerator, boiler, process heater, flare,
absorber, condenser, or carbon adsorber or by any other means shall
provide to the Administrator information describing the operation of the
control device and the process parameter(s) which would indicate proper
operation and maintenance of the device. The Administrator may request
further information and will specify appropriate monitoring procedures
or requirements.
[55 FR 51035, Dec. 11, 1990; 56 FR 12299, Mar. 22, 1991]
[[Page 91]]
Sec. 60.564 Test methods and procedures.
(a) In conducting the performance tests required in Sec. 60.8, the
owner or operator shall use as reference methods and procedures the test
methods in appendix A of this part or other methods and procedures
specified in this section, except as provided under Sec. 60.8(b). Owners
or operators complying with Sec. 60.562-1(a)(1)(i)(D) need not perform a
performance test on the control device, provided the control device is
not used to comply with any other requirement of Sec. 60.562-1(a).
(1) Whenever changes are made in production capacity, feedstock type
or catalyst type, or whenever there is replacement, removal, or addition
of a control device, each owner or operator shall conduct a performance
test according to the procedures in this section as appropriate, in
order to determine compliance with Sec. 60.562-1.
(2) Where a boiler or process heater with a design heat input
capacity of 150 million Btu/hour or greater is used, the requirement for
an initial performance test is waived, in accordance with Sec. 60.8(b).
However, the Administrator reserves the option to require testing at
such other times as may be required, as provided for in Sec. 114 of the
Act.
(3) The owner or operator shall determine the average organic
concentration for each performance test run using the equipment
described in Sec. 60.563(a)(4). The average organic concentration shall
be determined from measurements taken at least every 15 minutes during
each performance test run. The average of the three runs shall be the
base value for the monitoring program.
(4) When an absorber is the final unit in the system, the owner or
operator shall determine the average specific gravity for each
performance test run using specific gravity monitoring equipment
described in Sec. 60.563(a)(5). An average specific gravity shall be
determined from measurements taken at least every 15 minutes during each
performance test run. The average of the three runs shall be the base
value for the monitoring program.
(5) When a condenser is the final unit in the system, the owner or
operator shall determine the average outlet temperature for each
performance test run using the temperature monitoring equipment
described in Sec. 60.563(a)(1). An average temperature shall be
determined from measurements taken at least every 15 minutes during each
performance test run while the vent stream is normally routed and
constituted. The average of the three runs shall be the base value for
the monitoring program.
(b) The owner or operator shall determine compliance with the
emission concentration standard in Sec. 60.562-1 (a)(1)(i)(A) or
(b)(1)(iii) if applicable [if not, see paragraph (c) of this section] as
follows:
(1) The TOC concentration is the sum of the individual components
and shall be computed for each run using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC16NO91.072
where:
CTOC = Concentration of TOC (minus methane and ethane), dry
basis, ppmv.
Cj = the concentration of sample component j, ppm.
n = Number of components in the sample.
(i) Method 18 shall be used to determine the concentration of each
individual organic component (Cj) in the gas stream. Method 1
or 1A, as appropriate, shall be used to determine the sampling site at
the outlet of the control device. Method 4 shall be used to determine
the moisture content, if necessary.
(ii) The sampling time for each run shall be 1 hour in which either
an integrated sample or four grab samples shall be taken. If grab
sampling is used, then the samples shall be taken at 15 minute
intervals.
(2) If supplemental combustion air is used, the TOC concentration
shall be corrected to 3 percent oxygen and shall be computed using the
following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC16NO91.073
where:
CCORR = Concentration of TOC corrected to 3 percent oxygen,
dry basis, ppm by volume.
[[Page 92]]
CMEAS = Concentration of TOC (minus methane and ethane), dry
basis, ppm by volume, as calculated in paragraph (b)(1) of
this section.
%O2d = Concentration of O2, dry basis, percent by
volume.
The emission rate correction factor, integrated sampling and analysis
procedure of Method 3 shall be used to determine the oxygen
concentration (%O2d). The sampling site shall be the same as
that of the TOC sample and the samples shall be taken during the same
time that the TOC samples are taken.
(c) If paragraph (b) of this section is not applicable, then the
owner or operator shall determine compliance with the percent emission
reduction standard in Sec. 60.562-1 (a)(1)(i)(A) or (b)(1)(iii) as
follows:
(1) The emission reduction of TOC (minus methane and ethane) shall
be determined using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC16NO91.075
where:
P = Percent emission reduction, by weight.
Einlet = Mass rate of TOC entering the control device, kg
TOC/hr (lb TOC/hr).
Eoutlet = Mass rate of TOC, discharged to the atmosphere, kg
TOC/hr (lb TOC/hr).
(2) The mass rates of TOC (Ei, Eo) shall be
computed using the following equations:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC16NO91.076
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC16NO91.074
where:
Cij,Coj = Concentration of sample component ``j''
of the gas stream at the inlet and outlet of the control
device, respectively, dry basis, ppmv.
Mij,Moj = Molecular weight of sample component
``j'' of the gas stream at the inlet and outlet of the control
device respectively, g/g-mole (lb/lb-mole).
Qi,Qo = Flow rate of the gas stream at the inlet
and outlet of the control device, respectively, dscm/hr (dscf/
hr).
K1 = 4.157 x 10-8 [(kg)/g-mole)] /
[(g)(ppm)(dscm)] 5.711 x 10-15 [(lb)/(lb-mole)]
/ (lb)(ppm)(dscf)]
(i) Method 18 shall be used to determine the concentration of each
individual organic component (Cij, Coj) in the gas
stream. Method 1 or 1A, as appropriate, shall be used to determine the
inlet and outlet sampling sites. The inlet site shall be before the
inlet of the control device and after all product recovery units.
(ii) Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D, as appropriate, shall be used to
determine the volumetric flow rates (Qi, Qo). If
necessary, Method 4 shall be used to determine the moisture content.
Both determinations shall be compatible with the Method 18
determinations.
(iii) Inlet and outlet samples shall be taken simultaneously. The
sampling time for each run shall be 1 hour in which either an integrated
sample or four grab samples shall be taken. If grab sampling is used,
then the samples shall be taken at 15 minute intervals.
(d) An owner or operator shall determine compliance with the
individual stream exemptions in Sec. 60.560(g) and the procedures
specified in table 3 for compliance with Sec. 60.562-1(a)(1) as
identified in paragraphs (d)(1) and (2) of this section. An owner or
operator using the procedures specified in Sec. 60.562-1(a)(1) for
determining which continuous process emissions are to be controlled may
use calculations demonstrated to be sufficiently accurate as to preclude
the necessity of actual testing for purposes of calculating the
uncontrolled annual emissions and weight percent of TOC. Owners or
operators seeking to exempt streams under Sec. 60.560(g) must use the
appropriate test procedures specified in this section.
(1) The uncontrolled annual emissions of the individual vent stream
shall be determined using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR17OC00.020
Where:
Eunc = uncontrolled annual emissions, Mg/yr (ton/yr)
Cj = concentration of sample component j of the gas stream,
dry basis, ppmv
[[Page 93]]
Mj = molecular weight of sample component j of the gas
stream, g/g-mole (lb/lb-mole)
Q = flow rate of the gas stream, dscm/hr (dscf/hr)
K2 = 4.157 x 10-11 [(Mg)(g-mole)]/
[(g)(ppm)(dscm)] (metric units)
= 1.298 x 10-12 [(ton)(lb-mole)]/[(lb)(ppm)(dscf)]
(English units)
8,600 = operating hours per year
(i) Method 18 shall be used to determine the concentration of each
individual organic component (Cj) in the gas stream. Method 1
or 1A, as appropriate, shall be used to determine the sampling site. If
the gas stream is controlled in an existing control device, the sampling
site shall be before the inlet of the control device and after all
product recovery units.
(ii) Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D, as appropriate, shall be used to
determine the volumetric flow rate (Q). If necessary, Method 4 shall be
used to determine the moisture content. Both determinations shall be
compatible with the Method 18 determinations.
(iii) The sampling time for each run shall be 1 hour in which either
an integrated sample or four grab samples shall be taken. If grab
sampling is used, then the samples shall be taken at 15 minute
intervals.
(2) The weight percent VOC of the uncontrolled individual vent
stream shall be determined using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC16NO91.078
where:
Cj = concentration of sample TOC component ``j'' of the gas
stream, dry basis, ppmv.
Mj = Molecular weight of sample TOC component ``j'' of the
gas stream, g/g-mole (1b/1b-mole).
MWgas = Average molecular weight of the entire gas stream, g/
g-mole (1b/1b-mole).
(i) Method 18 shall be used to determine the concentration of each
individual organic component (Cj) in the gas stream. Method 1
or 1A, as appropriate, shall be used to determine the sampling site. If
the gas stream is controlled in an existing control device, the sampling
site shall be before the inlet of the control device and after all
product recovery units. If necessary, Method 4 shall be used to
determine the moisture content. This determination shall be compatible
with the Method 18 determinations.
(ii) The average molecular weight of the gas stream shall be
determined using methods approved by the Administrator. If the carrier
component of the gas stream is nitrogen, then an average molecular
weight of 28 g/g-mole (lb/lb-mole) may be used in lieu of testing. If
the carrier component of the gas stream is air, then an average
molecular weight of 29 g/g-mole (lb/lb-mole) may be used in lieu of
testing.
(iii) The sampling time for each run shall be 1 hour in which either
an integrated sample or four grab samples shall be taken. If grab
sampling is used, then the samples shall be taken at 15 minute
intervals.
(e) The owner or operator shall determine compliance of flares with
the visible emission and flare provisions in Sec. 60.562-1 as follows:
(1) Method 22 shall be used to determine visible emissions. The
observation period for each run shall be 2 hours.
(2) The monitoring device of Sec. 60.563(b)(2) shall be used to
determine whether a flame is present.
(f) The owner or operator shall determine compliance with the net
heating value provisions in Sec. 60.18 as referenced by Sec. 60.562-
1(a)(1)(i)(C). The net heating value of the process vent stream being
combusted in a flare shall be computed as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR17OC00.021
Where:
HT = Vent stream net heating value, MJ/scm (Btu/scf), where
the net enthalpy per mole of offgas is based on combustion at
25 deg.C and 760 mm Hg (68 deg.F and 30 in. Hg), but the
standard temperature for determining the volume corresponding
to one mole is 20 deg.C (68 deg.F).
K3 = 1.74 x 10-7 (1/ppm)(g-mole/scm)(MJ/kcal)
(metric units), where standard temperature for (g-mole/scm) is
20 deg.C.
= 4.67 x 10-6 (1/ppm)(lb-mole/scf)(Btu/kcal) (English
units) where standard temperature for (lb/mole/scf) is 68
deg.F.
Cj = Concentration on a wet basis of compound j in ppm.
[[Page 94]]
Hj = Net heat of combustion of compound j, kcal/(g-mole)
(kcal/(lb-mole)), based on combustion at 25 deg.C and 760 mm
Hg (77 deg.F and 30 in. Hg).
(1) Method 18 shall be used to determine the concentration of each
individual organic component (Cj) in the gas stream. Method 1
or 1A, as appropriate, shall be used to determine the sampling site to
the inlet of the flare. Using this same sample, ASTM D1946-77 or 90
(Reapproved 1994) (incorporated by reference--see Sec. 60.17) shall be
used to determine the hydrogen and carbon monoxide content.
(2) The sampling time for each run shall be 1 hour in which either
an integrated sample or four grab samples shall be taken. If grab
sampling is used, then the samples shall be taken at 15 minute
intervals.
(3) Published or calculated values shall be used for the net heats
of combustion of the sample components. If values are not published or
cannot be calculated, ASTM D2382-76 or 88 or D4809-95 (incorporated by
reference--see Sec. 60.17) may be used to determine the net heat of
combustion of component ``j.''
(g) The owner or operator shall determine compliance with the exit
velocity provisions in Sec. 60.18 as referenced by Sec. 60.562-
1(a)(1)(i)(C) as follows:
(1) If applicable, the net heating value (HT) of the
process vent shall be determined according to the procedures in
paragraph (f) of this section to determine the applicable velocity
requirements.
(2) If applicable, the maximum permitted velocity (Vmax)
for steam-assisted and nonassisted flares shall be computed using the
following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR17OC00.022
Where:
Vmax = Maximum permitted velocity, m/sec (ft/sec)
K4 = 28.8 (metric units), 1212 (English units)
K5 = 31.7 (metric units), 850.8 (English units)
HT = The net heating value as determined in paragraph (f) of
this section, MJ/scm (Btu/scf).
(3) The maximum permitted velocity, Vmax, for air-
assisted flares shall be determined by the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR17OC00.023
Where:
Vmax = Maximum permitted velocity, m/sec (ft/sec).
K6 = 8.706 m/sec (metric units)
= 28.56 ft/sec (English units)
K7 = 0.7084 [(m/sec)/MJ/scm)] (metric units)
= 0.00245 [(ft/sec)/Btu/scf)] (English units)
HT = The net heating value as determined in paragraph (f) of
this section, MJ/scm (Btu/scf).
(4) The actual exit velocity of a flare shall be determined by
dividing the volumetric flow rate (in units of standard temperature and
pressure), as determined by Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D as appropriate, by
the unobstructed (free) cross sectional area of the flare tip.
(h) The owner or operator shall determine compliance with the mass
emission per mass product standards in Secs. 60.560(d) and (e) and in
Secs. 60.562-1(b)(1)(i), (c)(1)(i)(A), (c)(1)(ii)(A), (c)(2)(i), and
(c)(2)(ii)(A).
(1) The emission rate of TOC shall be computed using the following
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR17OC00.024
Where:
ERTOC = Emission rate of total organic compounds (minus
methane and ethane), kg TOC/Mg (lb TOC/ton) product
ETOC = Emission rate of total organic compounds (minus
methane and ethane) in the sample, kg/hr (lb/hr)
Pp = The rate of polymer production, kg/hr (lb/hr)
K5 = 1,000 kg/Mg (metric units)
= 2,000 lb/ton (English units)
(2) The mass rate of TOC, ETOC, shall be determined
according to the procedures, as appropriate, in paragraph (c)(2) of this
section. The sampling site for determining compliance with Secs. 60.560
(d) and (e) shall be before any add-on control devices and after all
product recovery devices. Otherwise, the sampling site shall be at the
outlet of the control device.
(3) The rate of polymer production, Pp, shall be
determined by dividing the weight of polymer pulled (in kg (lb)) from
the process line during the performance test by the number of hours
taken to perform the performance test. The weight of polymer pulled
shall be determined by direct measurement or,
[[Page 95]]
subject to prior approval by the Administrator, computed from materials
balance by good engineering practice.
(i) The owner or operator shall determine continuous compliance with
the temperature requirements in Secs. 60.562-1(b)(1)(ii) and 60.562-
1(c)(1)(i)(B) by using the temperature monitoring equipment described in
Sec. 60.563(a)(1). An average temperature shall be determined from
measurements taken at least every 15 minutes every three hours while the
vent stream is normally routed and constituted. Each three-hour period
constitutes a performance test.
(j) For purposes of determining compliance with Sec. 60.562-1(c)
(1)(ii)(B), (1)(ii)(C), (2)(ii)(B), or (2)(ii)(C), the ethylene glycol
concentration in either the cooling tower or the liquid effluent from
steam-jet ejectors used to produce a vacuum in the polymerization
reactors, whichever is applicable, shall be determined:
(1) Using procedures that conform to the methods described in ASTM
D2908-74 or 91, ``Standard Practice for Measuring Volatile Organic
Matter in Water by Aqueous-Injection Gas Chromatography'' (incorporated
by reference--see Sec. 60.17), except as provided in paragraph (j)(2) of
this section:
(i) At least one sample per operating day shall be collected using
the grab sampling procedures of ASTM D3370-76 or 96a, ``Standard
Practices for Sampling Water'' (incorporated by reference--see
Sec. 60.17). An average ethylene glycol concentration by weight shall be
calculated on a daily basis over a rolling 14-day period of operating
days, except as provided in paragraphs (j)(1) (ii) and (iii) of this
section. Each daily average ethylene glycol concentration so calculated
constitutes a performance test. Exceedance of the standard during the
reduced testing program specified in paragraphs (j)(1) (ii) and (iii) of
this section is a violation of these standards.
(ii) For those determining compliance with Sec. 60.562-1(c)
(1)(ii)(B) or (2)(ii)(B), the owner or operator may elect to reduce the
sampling program to any 14 consecutive day period once every two
calendar months, if at least seventeen consecutive 14-day rolling
average concentrations immediately preceding the reduced sampling
program are each less than 0.10 weight percent ethylene glycol. If the
average concentration obtained over the 14 day sampling during the
reduced testing period exceeds the upper 95 percent confidence interval
calculated from the most recent test results in which no one 14-day
average exceeded 0.10 weight percent ethylene glycol, then the owner or
operator shall reinstitute a daily sampling program. A reduced sampling
program can be reinstituted if the requirements specified in this
paragraph are met.
(iii) For those determining compliance with Sec. 60.562-
1(c)(1)(ii)(C) or (c)(2)(ii)(C), the owner or operator may elect to
reduce the sampling program to any 14 consecutive day period once every
two calendar months, if at least seventeen consecutive 14-day rolling
average concentrations immediately preceding the reduced sampling
program are each less than 1.8 weight percent ethylene glycol. If the
average concentration obtained over the 14 day sampling during the
reduced test period exceeds the upper 95 percent confidence interval
calculated from the most recent test results in which no one 14-day
average exceeded 1.8 weight percent ethylene glycol, then the owner or
operator shall reinstitute a daily sampling program. A reduced program
can be reinstituted if the requirements specified in this paragraph are
met.
(iv) The upper 95 percent confidence interval shall be calculated
using the equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR17OC00.025
Where:
Xi = daily ethylene glycol concentration for each day used to
calculate the 14-day rolling average used in test results to
justify implementing the reduced testing program.
n = number of ethylene glycol concentrations.
(2) Measuring an alternative parameter, such as carbon oxygen demand
or biological oxygen demand, that is demonstrated to be directly
proportional to
[[Page 96]]
the ethylene glycol concentration. Such parameter shall be measured
during the initial 14-day performance test during which the facility is
shown to be in compliance with the ethylene glycol concentration
standard whereby the ethylene glycol concentration is determined using
the procedures described in paragraph (j)(1) of this section. The
alternative parameter shall be measured on a daily basis and the average
value of the alternative parameter shall be calculated on a daily basis
over a rolling 14-day period of operating days. Each daily average value
of the alternative parameter constitutes a performance test.
[55 FR 51035, Dec. 11, 1990; 56 FR 9178, Mar. 5, 1991, as amended at 56
FR 12299, Mar. 22, 1991; 64 FR 11541, Mar. 9, 1999; 65 FR 61767, Oct.
17, 2000]
Sec. 60.565 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
(a) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall keep an up-to-date, readily-accessible record of the following
information measured during each performance test, and shall include the
following information in the report of the initial performance test in
addition to the written results of such performance tests as required
under Sec. 60.8. Where a control device is used to comply with
Sec. 60.562-1(a)(1)(i)(D) only, a report containing performance test
data need not be submitted, but a report containing the information in
Sec. 60.565(a)(11) is required. Where a boiler or process heater with a
design heat input capacity of 150 million Btu/hour or greater is used to
comply with Sec. 60.562-1(a), a report containing performance test data
need not be submitted, but a report containing the information in
Sec. 60.565(a)(2)(i) is required. The same information specified in this
section shall be submitted in the reports of all subsequently required
performance tests where either the emission control efficiency of a
combustion device or the outlet concentration of TOC (minus methane and
ethane) is determined.
(1) When an incinerator is used to demonstrate compliance with
Sec. 60.562-1, except Sec. 60.562-1(a)(2):
(i) The average firebox temperature of the incinerator (or the
average temperature upstream and downstream of the catalyst bed),
measured at least every 15 minutes and averaged over the performance
test period, and
(ii) The percent reduction of TOC (minus methane and ethane)
achieved by the incinerator, the concentration of TOC (minus methane and
ethane) (ppmv, by compound) at the outlet of the control device on a dry
basis, or the emission rate in terms of kg TOC (minus methane and
ethane) per Mg (lb TOC/ton) of product at the outlet of the control
device, whichever is appropriate. If supplemental combustion air is
used, the TOC concentration corrected to 3 percent oxygen shall be
recorded and reported.
(2) When a boiler or process heater is used to demonstrate
compliance with Sec. 60.562-1, except Sec. 60.562-1(a)(2):
(i) A description of the location at which the vent stream is
introduced into the boiler or process heater, and
(ii) For boilers or process heaters with a design heat input
capacity of less than 150 million Btu/hr, all 3-hour periods of
operation during which the average combustion temperature was more than
28 deg.C (50 deg.F) below the average combustion temperature during
the most recent performance test at which compliance was determined.
(3) When a flare is used to demonstrate compliance with Sec. 60.562-
1, except Sec. 60.562-1(a)(2):
(i) All visible emission readings, heat content determinations, flow
rate measurements, and exit velocity determinations made during the
performance test,
(ii) Continuous records of the pilot flame heat-sensing monitoring,
and
(iii) Records of all periods of operations during which the pilot
flame is absent.
(4) When an incinerator, boiler, or process heater is used to
demonstrate compliance with Sec. 60.562-1(a)(2), a description of the
location at which the vent stream is introduced into the incinerator,
boiler, or process heater.
(5) When a flare is used to demonstrate compliance with Sec. 60.562-
1(a)(2):
(i) All visible emission readings made during the performance test,
(ii) Continuous records of the pilot flame heat-sensing monitoring,
and
[[Page 97]]
(iii) Records of all periods of operation during which the pilot
flame is absent.
(6) When an absorber is the final unit in a system to demonstrate
compliance with Sec. 60.562-1, except Sec. 60.562-1(a)(2), the specific
gravity (or alternative parameter that is a measure of the degree of
absorbing liquid saturation, if approved by the Administrator), and
average temperature, measured at least every 15 minutes and averaged
over the performance test period, of the absorbing liquid (both measured
while the vent stream is normally routed and constituted).
(7) When a condenser is the final unit in a system to demonstrate
compliance with Sec. 60.562-1, except Sec. 60.562-1(a)(2), the average
exit (product side) temperature, measured at least every 15 minutes and
averaged over the performance test period while the vent stream is
normally routed and constituted.
(8) Daily measurement and daily average 14-day rolling average of
the ethylene glycol concentration in the liquid effluent exiting the
vacuum system servicing the polymerization reaction section, if an owner
or operator is subject to Sec. 60.562-1(c) (1)(ii)(B) or (2)(ii)(B), or
of the ethylene glycol concentration in the cooling water in the cooling
tower, if subject to Sec. 60.562-1(c) (2)(ii)(C) or (2)(iii)(C).
(9) When a carbon adsorber is the final unit in a system to
demonstrate compliance with Sec. 60.562-1, except Sec. 60.562-1(a)(2):
the concentration level or reading indicated by the organics monitoring
device at the outlet of the adsorber, measured at least every 15 minutes
and averaged over the performance test period while the vent stream is
normally routed and constituted.
(10) When an owner or operator seeks to comply with the requirements
of this subpart by complying with the uncontrolled threshold emission
rate cutoff provision in Secs. 60.560 (d) and (e) or with the individual
stream exemptions in Sec. 60.560(g), each process operation variable
(e.g., pressure, temperature, type of catalyst) that may result in an
increase in the uncontrolled emission rate, if Sec. 60.560(d) or (e) is
applicable, or in an increase in the uncontrolled annual emissions or
the VOC weight percent, as appropriate, if Sec. 60.560(g) is applicable,
should such operating variable be changed.
(11) When an owner or operator uses a control device to comply with
Sec. 60.562-1(a)(1)(i)(D) alone: all periods when the control device is
not operating.
(b)(1) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this
subpart shall submit with the initial performance test or, if complying
with Sec. 60.562-1(a)(1)(i)(D), as a separate report, an engineering
report describing in detail the vent system used to vent each affected
vent stream to a control device. This report shall include all valves
and vent pipes that could vent the stream to the atmosphere, thereby
bypassing the control device, and identify which valves are car-sealed
opened and which valves are car-sealed closed.
(2) If a vent system containing valves that could divert the
emission stream away from the control device is used, each owner or
operator subject to the provisions of this subpart shall keep for at
least two years up-to-date, readily accessible continuous records of:
(i) All periods when flow is indicated if flow indicators are
installed under Sec. 69.563(d)(1).
(ii) All times when maintenance is performed on car-sealed valves,
when the car seal is broken, and when the valve position is changed
(i.e., from open to closed for valves in the vent piping to the control
device and from closed to open for valves that vent the stream directly
or indirectly to the atmosphere bypassing the control device).
(c) Where an incinerator is used to comply with Sec. 60.562-1,
except Secs. 60.562(a)(1)(i)(D) and (a)(2), each owner or operator
subject to the provisions of this subpart shall keep for at least 2
years up-to-date, readily accessible continuous records of:
(1) The temperature measurements specified under Sec. 60.563(b)(1).
(2) Records of periods of operation during which the parameter
boundaries established during the most recent performance test are
exceeded. Periods of operation during which the parameter boundaries
established during the most recent performance test are exceeded are
defined as follows:
[[Page 98]]
(i) For noncatalytic incinerators, all 3-hour periods of operation
during which the average combustion temperature was more than 28 deg.C
(50 deg.F) below the average combustion temperature during the most
recent performance test at which compliance was demonstrated.
(ii) For catalytic incinerators, all 3-hour periods of operation
during which the average temperature of the vent stream immediately
before the catalyst bed is more than 28 deg.C (50 deg.F) below the
average temperature of the vent stream during the most recent
performance test at which compliance was demonstrated. The owner or
operator also shall record all 3-hour periods of operation during which
the average temperature difference across the catalyst bed is less than
80 percent of the average temperature difference across the catalyst bed
during the most recent performance test at which compliance was
demonstrated.
(d) Where a boiler or process heater is used to comply with
Sec. 60.562-1, except Secs. 60.562-1 (a)(1)(i)(D) and (a)(2), each owner
or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart shall keep for at
least 2 years up-to-date, readily accessible continuous records of:
(1) Where a boiler or process heater with a heat input design
capacity of 150 million Btu/hr or greater is used, all periods of
operation of the boiler or process heater. (Examples of such records
could include records of steam use, fuel use, or monitoring data
collected pursuant to other State or Federal regulatory requirements),
and
(2) Where a boiler or process heater with a heat input design
capacity of less than 150 million Btu/hr is used, all periods of
operation during which the parameter boundaries established during the
most recent performance test are exceeded. Periods of operation during
which the parameter boundaries established during the most recent
performance test are exceeded are defined as all 3-hour periods of
operation during which the average combustion temperature was more than
28 deg.C (50 deg.F) below the average combustion temperature during
the most recent performance test at which compliance was demonstrated.
(e) Where a flare is used to comply with Sec. 60.562-1, except
Sec. 60.562-1(a)(1)(i)(D), each owner or operator subject to the
provisions of this subpart shall keep for at least 2 years up-to-date,
readily accessible continuous records of:
(1) The flare or pilot light flame heat sensing monitoring specified
under Sec. 60.563(b)(2), and
(2) All periods of operation in which the flare or pilot flame, as
appropriate, is absent.
(f) Where an adsorber, condenser, absorber, or a control device
other than a flare, incinerator, boiler, or process heater is used to
comply with Sec. 60.562-1, except Sec. 60.562-1(a)(1)(i)(D), each owner
or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart shall keep for at
least 2 years up-to-date, readily-accessible continuous records of the
periods of operation during which the parameter boundaries established
during the most recent performance test are exceeded. Where an owner or
operator seeks to comply with Sec. 60.562-1, periods of operation during
which the parameter boundaries established during the most recent
performance tests are exceeded are defined as follows:
(1) Where an absorber is the final unit in a system:
(i) All 3-hour periods of operation during which the average
absorbing liquid temperature was more than 11 deg.C (20 deg.F) above
the average absorbing liquid temperature during the most recent
performance test at which compliance was demonstrated, and
(ii) All 3-hour periods of operation during which the average
absorbing liquid specific gravity was more than 0.1 unit above, or more
than 0.1 unit below, the average absorbing liquid specific gravity
during the most recent performance test at which compliance was
demonstrated (unless monitoring of an alternative parameter that is a
measure of the degree of absorbing liquid saturation is approved by the
Administrator, in which case he or she will define appropriate parameter
boundaries and periods of operation during which they are exceeded).
(2) Where a condenser is the final unit in a system, all 3-hour
periods of operation during which the average condenser operating
temperature was
[[Page 99]]
more than 6 deg.C (10 deg.F) above the average operating temperature
during the most recent performance test at which compliance was
demonstrated.
(3) Where a carbon adsorber is the final unit in a system, all 3-
hour periods of operation during which the average organic concentration
level in the carbon adsorber gases is more than 20 percent greater than
the exhaust gas concentration level or reading measured by the organics
monitoring system during the most recent performance test at which
compliance was demonstrated.
(g) Each owner or operator of an affected facility subject to the
provisions of this subpart and seeking to demonstrate compliance with
Sec. 60.560(j) or Sec. 60.562-1 shall keep up-to-date, readily
accessible records of:
(1) Any changes in production capacity, feedstock type, or catalyst
type, or of any replacement, removal or addition of product recovery
equipment; and
(2) The results of any performance test performed pursuant to the
procedures specified by Sec. 60.564.
(h) Each owner or operator of an affected facility that seeks to
comply with the requirements of this subpart by complying with the
uncontrolled threshold emission rate cutoff provision in Secs. 60.560
(d) and (e) or with the individual stream exemptions in Sec. 60.560(g)
shall keep for at least 2 years up-to-date, readily accessible records
of any change in process operation that increases the uncontrolled
emission rate of the process line in which the affected facility is
located, if Sec. 60.560 (d) or (e) is applicable, or that increases the
uncontrolled annual emissions or the VOC weight percent of the
individual stream, if Sec. 60.560(g) is applicable.
(i) Each owner and operator subject to the provisions of this
subpart is exempt from Sec. 60.7(c) of the General Provisions.
(j) The Administrator will specify appropriate reporting and
recordkeeping requirements where the owner or operator of an affected
facility complies with the standards specified under Sec. 60.562-1 other
than as provided under Sec. 60.565 (a) through (e).
(k) Each owner or operator that seeks to comply with the
requirements of this subpart by complying with the uncontrolled
threshold emission rate cutoff provision of Secs. 60.560 (d) and (e),
the individual stream exemptions of Sec. 60.560(g), or the requirements
of Sec. 60.562-1 shall submit to the Administrator semiannual reports of
the following recorded information, as applicable. The initial report
shall be submitted within 6 months after the initial start-up date.
(1) Exceedances of monitored parameters recorded under Secs. 60.565
(c), (d)(2), and (f).
(2) All periods recorded under Sec. 60.565(b) when the vent stream
has been diverted from the control device.
(3) All periods recorded under Sec. 60.565(d) when the boiler or
process heater was not operating.
(4) All periods recorded under Sec. 60.565(e) in which the flare or
pilot flame was absent.
(5) All periods recorded under Sec. 60.565(a)(8) when the 14-day
rolling average exceeded the standard specified in Sec. 60.562-1(c)
(1)(ii)(B), (1)(ii)(C), (2)(ii)(B), or (2)(ii)(C), as applicable.
(6) Any change in process operations that increases the uncontrolled
emission rate of the process line in which the affected facility is
located, as recorded in Sec. 60.565(h).
(7) Any change in process operations that increases the uncontrolled
annual emissions or the VOC weight percent of the individual stream, as
recorded in Sec. 60.565(h).
(l) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall notify the Administrator of the specific provisions of
Sec. 60.562, Sec. 60.560(d), or Sec. 60.560(e), as applicable, with
which the owner or operator has elected to comply. Notification shall be
submitted with the notification of initial startup required by
Sec. 60.7(a)(3). If an owner or operator elects at a later date to use
an alternative provision of Sec. 60.562 with which he or she will comply
or becomes subject to Sec. 60.562 for the first time (i.e., the owner or
operator can no longer meet the requirements of this subpart by
complying with the uncontrolled threshold emission rate cutoff provision
in Sec. 60.560 (d) or (e)), then the
[[Page 100]]
owner or operator shall notify the Administrator 90 days before
implementing a change and, upon implementing a change, a performance
test shall be performed as specified in Sec. 60.564.
(m) The requirements of this subsection remain in force until and
unless EPA, in delegating enforcement authority to a State under section
111(c) of the Act, approves alternative reporting requirements or means
of compliance surveillance adopted by such State. In that event,
affected sources within the State will be relieved of the obligation to
comply with this subsection, provided that they comply with the
requirements established by the State.
[55 FR 51035, Dec. 11, 1990; 56 FR 9178, Mar. 5, 1991, as amended at 56
FR 12299, Mar. 22, 1991; 65 FR 61768, Oct. 17, 2000; 65 FR 78278, Dec.
14, 2000]
Sec. 60.566 Delegation of authority.
(a) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority to a
State under section 111(c) of the Act, the authority contained in
paragraph (b) of this section shall be retained by the Administrator and
not transferred to a State.
(b) Authority which will not be delegated to States: Sec. 60.562-
2(c).
Subpart EEE [Reserved]
Subpart FFF_Standards of Performance for Flexible Vinyl and Urethane
Coating and Printing
Source: 49 FR 26892, June 29, 1984, unless otherwise noted.
Sec. 60.580 Applicability and designation of affected facility.
(a) The affected facility to which the provisions of this subpart
apply is each rotogravure printing line used to print or coat flexible
vinyl or urethane products.
(b) This subpart applies to any affected facility which begins
construction, modification, or reconstruction after January 18, 1983.
(c) For facilities controlled by a solvent recovery emission control
device, the provisions of Sec. 60.584(a) requiring monitoring of
operations will not apply until EPA has promulgated performance
specifications under appendix B for the continuous monitoring system.
After the promulgation of performance specifications, these provisions
will apply to each affected facility under paragraph (b) of this
section. Facilities controlled by a solvent recovery emission control
device that become subject to the standard prior to promulgation of
performance specifications must conduct performance tests in accordance
with Sec. 60.13(b) after performance specifications are promulgated.
Sec. 60.581 Definitions and symbols.
(a) All terms used in this subpart, not defined below, are given the
same meaning as in the Act or in subpart A of this part.
Emission control device means any solvent recovery or solvent
destruction device used to control volatile organic compounds (VOC)
emissions from flexible vinyl and urethane rotogravure printing lines.
Emission control system means the combination of an emission control
device and a vapor capture system for the purpose of reducing VOC
emissions from flexible vinyl and urethane rotogravure printing lines.
Flexible vinyl and urethane products mean those products, except for
resilient floor coverings (1977 Standard Industry Code 3996) and
flexible packaging, that are more than 50 micrometers (0.002 inches)
thick, and that consist of or contain a vinyl or urethane sheet or a
vinyl or urethane coated web.
Gravure cylinder means a plated cylinder with a printing image
consisting of minute cells or indentations, specifically engraved or
etched into the cylinder's surface to hold ink when continuously
revolved through a fountain of ink.
Ink means any mixture of ink, coating solids, organic solvents
including dilution solvent, and water that is applied to the web of
flexible vinyl or urethane on a rotogravure printing line.
Ink solids means the solids content of an ink as determined by
Method 24, ink
[[Page 101]]
manufacturer's formulation data, or plant blending records.
Inventory system means a method of physically accounting for the
quantity of ink, solvent, and solids used at one or more affected
facilities during a time period. The system is based on plant purchase
or inventory records.
Plant blending records means those records which document the weight
fraction of organic solvents and solids used in the formulation or
preparation of inks at the vinyl or urethane printing plant where they
are used.
Rotogravure print station means any device designed to print or coat
inks on one side of a continuous web or substrate using the intaglio
printing process with a gravure cylinder.
Rotogravure printing line means any number of rotogravure print
stations and associated dryers capable of printing or coating
simultaneously on the same continuous vinyl or urethane web or
substrate, which is fed from a continuous roll.
Vapor capture system means any device or combination of devices
designed to contain, collect, and route organic solvent vapors emitted
from the flexible vinyl or urethane rotogravure printing line.
(b) All symbols used in this subpart not defined below are given the
same meaning as in the Act or in subpart A of this part.
a = the gas stream vents exiting the emission control device.
bthe gas stream vents entering the emission control device.
fthe gas stream vents which are not directed to an emission control
device.
Caj = the concentration of VOC in each gas stream (j) for the
time period exiting the emission control device, in parts per
million by volume.
Cbi = the concentration of VOC in each gas stream (i) for the
time period entering the emission control device, in parts per
million by volume.
Cfk = the concentration of VOC in each gas stream (k) for the
time period which is not directed to an emission control
device, in parts per million by volume.
Gthe weighted average mass of VOC per mass of ink solids applied, in
kilograms per kilogram.
Mci = the total mass of each ink (i) applied in the time
period as determined from plant records, in kilograms.
Mdj = the total mass of each dilution solvent (j) added at
the print line in the time period determined from plant
records, in kilograms.
Qaj = the volumetric flow rate of each effluent gas stream
(j) exiting the emission control device, in standard cubic
meters per hour.
Qbi = the volumetric flow rate of each effluent gas stream
(i) entering the emission control device, in standard cubic
meters per hour.
Qfk = the volumetric flow rate of each effluent gas stream
(k) not directed to an emission control device, in standard
cubic meters per hour.
Ethe VOC emission reduction efficiency (as a fraction) of the emission
control device during performance testing.
Fthe VOC emission capture efficiency (as a fraction) of the vapor
capture system during performance testing.
Woi = the weight fraction of VOC in each ink (i) used in the
time period as determined from Method 24, manufacturer's
formulation data, or plant blending records, in kilograms per
kilogram.
Wsi''means the weight fraction of solids in each ink (i) used
in the time period as determined from Method 24,
manufacturer's formulation data, or plant blending records, in
kilograms per kilogram.
Woj = the weight fraction of VOC in each dilution solvent (j)
added at the print line in the time period determined from
Method 24, manufacturer's formulation data, or plant blending
records, in kilograms per kilogram.
[49 FR 26892, June 29, 1984; 49 FR 32848, Aug. 17, 1984, as amended at
65 FR 61768, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.582 Standard for volatile organic compounds.
(a) On and after the date on which the performance test required by
Sec. 60.8 has been completed, each owner or operator subject to this
subpart shall either:
(1) Use inks with a weighted average VOC content less than 1.0
kilogram VOC per kilogram ink solids at each affected facility, or
(2) Reduce VOC emissions to the atmosphere by 85 percent from each
affected facility.
(b) [Reserved]
Sec. 60.583 Test methods and procedures.
(a) Methods in appendix A of this part, except as provided under
Sec. 60.8(b), shall be used to determine compliance with Sec. 60.582(a)
as follows:
(1) Method 24 for analysis of inks. If nonphotochemically reactive
solvents
[[Page 102]]
are used in the inks, standard gas chromatographic techniques may be
used to identify and quantify these solvents. The results of Method 24
may be adjusted to subtract these solvents from the measured VOC
content.
(2) Method 25A for VOC concentration (the calibration gas shall be
propane);
(3) Method 1 for sample and velocity traverses;
(4) Method 2 for velocity and volumetric flow rates;
(5) Method 3 for gas analysis;
(6) Method 4 for stack gas moisture.
(b) To demonstrate compliance with Sec. 60.582(a)(1), the owner or
operator of an affected facility shall determine the weighted average
VOC content of the inks according to the following procedures:
(1) Determine and record the VOC content and amount of each ink used
at the print head, including the VOC content and amount of diluent
solvent, for any time periods when VOC emission control equipment is not
used.
(2) Compute the weighted average VOC content by the following
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN92.050
(3) The weighted average VOC content of the inks shall be calculated
over a period that does not exceed one calendar month, or four
consecutive weeks. A facility that uses an accounting system based on
quarters consisting of two 28 calendar day periods and one 35 calendar
day period may use an averaging period of 35 calendar days four times
per year, provided the use of such an accounting system is documented in
the initial performance test.
(4) Each determination of the weighted average VOC content shall
constitute a performance test for any period when VOC emission control
equipment is not used. Results of the initial performance test must be
reported to the Administrator. Method 24 or ink manufacturers'
formulation data along with plant blending records (if plant blending is
done) may be used to determine VOC content. The Administrator may
require the use of Method 24 if there is a question concerning the
accuracy of the ink manufacturer's data or plant blending records.
(5) If, during the time periods when emission control equipment is
not used, all inks used contain less than 1.0 kilogram VOC per kilogram
ink solids, the owner or operator is not required to calculate the
weighted average VOC content, but must verify and record the VOC content
of each ink (including any added dilution solvent) used as determined by
Method 24, ink manufacturers' formulation data, or plant blending
records.
(c) To demonstrate compliance with Sec. 60.582(a)(1), the owner or
operator may determine the weighted average VOC content using an
inventory system.
(1) The inventory system shall accurately account to the nearest
kilogram for the VOC content of all inks and dilution solvent used,
recycled, and discarded for each affected facility during the averaging
period. Separate records must be kept for each affected facility.
(2) To determine VOC content of inks and dilution solvent used or
recycled, Method 24 or ink manufacturers' formulation data must be used
in combination with plant blending records (if plant blending is done)
or inventory records or purchase records for new inks or dilution
solvent.
(3) For inks to be discarded, only Method 24 shall be used to
determine the VOC content. Inks to be discarded may be combined prior to
measurement of volume or weight and testing by Method 24.
[[Page 103]]
(4) The Administrator may require the use of Method 24 if there is a
question concerning the accuracy of the ink manufacturer's data or plant
records.
(5) The Administrator shall approve the inventory system of
accounting for VOC content prior to the initial performance test.
(d) To demonstrate compliance with Sec. 60.582(a)(2), the owner or
operator of an affected facility controlled by a solvent recovery
emission control device or an incineration control device shall conduct
a performance test to determine overall VOC emission control efficiency
according to the following procedures:
(1) The performance test shall consist of three runs. Each test run
must last a minimum of 30 minutes and shall continue until the printing
operation is interrupted or until 180 minutes of continuous operation
occurs. During each test run, the print line shall be printing
continuously and operating normally. The VOC emission reduction
efficiency achieved for each test run is averaged over the entire test
run period.
(2) VOC concentration values at each site shall be measured
simultaneously.
(3) The volumetric flow rate shall be determined from one Method 2
measurement for each test run conducted immediately prior to, during, or
after that test run. Volumetric flow rates at each site do not need to
be measured simultaneously.
(4) In order to determine capture efficiency from an affected
facility, all fugitive VOC emissions from the affected facility shall be
captured and vented through stacks suitable for measurement. During a
performance test, the owner or operator of an affected facility located
in an area with other sources of VOC shall isolate the affected facility
from other sources of VOC. These two requirements shall be accomplished
using one of the following methods:
(i) Build a permanent enclosure around the affected facility;
(ii) Build a temporary enclosure around the affected facility and
duplicate, to an extent that is reasonably feasible, the ventilation
conditions that are in effect when the affected facility is not enclosed
(one way to do this is to divide the room exhaust rate by the volume of
the room and then duplicate that quotient or 20 air changes per hour,
whichever is smaller, in the temporary enclosure); or
(iii) Shut down all other sources of VOC and continue to exhaust
fugitive emissions from the affected facility through any building
ventilation system and other room exhausts such as print line ovens and
embossers.
(5) For each affected facility, compliance with Sec. 60.582(a)(2)
has been demonstrated if the average value of the overall control
efficiency (EF) for the three runs is equal to or greater than 85
percent. An overall control efficiency is calculated for each run as
follows:
(i) For efficiency of the emission control device,
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN92.051
(ii) For efficiency of the vapor capture system,
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN92.052
[49 FR 26892, June 29, 1984; 49 FR 32848, Aug. 17, 1984, as amended at
65 FR 61768, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.584 Monitoring of operations and recordkeeping requirements.
(a) The owner or operator of an affected facility controlled by a
solvent recovery emission control device shall install, calibrate,
operate, and maintain a monitoring system which continuously measures
and records the VOC concentration of the exhaust vent stream from the
control device and shall comply with the following requirements:
(1) The continuous monitoring system shall be installed in a
location that is representative of the VOC concentration in the exhaust
vent, at least two equivalent stack diameters from
[[Page 104]]
the exhaust point, and protected from interferences due to wind,
weather, or other processes.
(2) During the performance test, the owner or operator shall
determine and record the average exhaust vent VOC concentration in parts
per million by volume. After the performance test, the owner or operator
shall determine and, in addition to the record made by the continuous
monitoring device, record the average exhaust vent VOC concentration for
each 3-hour clock period of printing operation when the average
concentration is greater than 50 ppm and more than 20 percent greater
than the average concentration value demonstrated during the most recent
performance test.
(b) The owner or operator of an affected facility controlled by a
thermal incineration emission control device shall install, calibrate,
operate, and maintain a monitoring device that continuously measures and
records the temperature of the control device exhaust gases and shall
comply with the following requirements:
(1) The continuous monitoring device shall be calibrated annually
and have an accuracy of [0.75 percent of the temperature being measured,
expressed in degrees Celsius, or [2.5 deg.C, whichever is greater.
(2) During the performance test, the owner or operator shall
determine and record the average temperature of the control device
exhaust gases. After the performance test, the owner or operator shall
determine and record, in addition to the record made by the continuous
monitoring device, the average temperature for each 3-hour clock period
of printing operation when the average temperature of the exhaust gases
is more than 28 deg.C (50 deg.F) below the average temperature
demonstrated during the most recent performance test.
(c) The owner or operator of an affected facility controlled by a
catalytic incineration emission control device shall install, calibrate,
operate, and maintain monitoring devices that continuously measure and
record the gas temperatures both upstream and downstream of the catalyst
bed and shall comply with the following requirements:
(1) Each continuous monitoring device shall be calibrated annually
and have an accuracy of [0.75 percent of the temperature being measured,
expressed in degrees Celsius, or [2.5 deg.C, whichever is greater.
(2) During the performance test, the owner or operator shall
determine and record the average gas temperature both upstream and
downstream of the catalyst bed. After the performance test, the owner or
operator shall determine and record, in addition to the record made by
the continuous monitoring device, the average temperatures for each 3-
hour clock period of printing operation when the average temperature of
the gas stream before the catalyst bed is more than 28 deg.C below the
average temperature demonstrated during the most recent performance test
or the average temperature difference across the catalyst bed is less
than 80 percent of the average temperature difference of the device
during the most recent performance test.
(d) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall record time
periods of operation when an emission control device is not in use.
[49 FR 26892, June 29, 1984, as amended at 65 FR 61768, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.585 Reporting requirements.
(a) For all affected facilities subject to compliance with
Sec. 60.582, the performance test data and results from the performance
test shall be submitted to the Administrator as specified in
Sec. 60.8(a).
(b) The owner or operator of each affected facility shall submit
semiannual reports to the Administrator of occurrences of the following:
(1) Exceedances of the weighted average VOC content specified in
Sec. 60.582(a)(1);
(2) Exceedances of the average value of the exhaust vent VOC
concentration as defined under Sec. 60.584(a)(2);
(3) Drops in the incinerator temperature as defined under
Sec. 60.584(b)(2); and
(4) Drops in the average temperature of the gas stream immediately
before the catalyst bed or drops in the average temperature across the
catalyst bed as defined under Sec. 60.584(c)(2).
[[Page 105]]
(c) The reports required under paragraph (b) shall be postmarked
within 30 days following the end of the second and fourth calendar
quarters.
(d) The requirements of this subsection remain in force until and
unless the Agency, in delegating enforcement authority to a State under
section 111(c) of the Act, approves reporting requirements or an
alternative means of compliance surveillance adopted by such States. In
that event, affected sources within the State will be relieved of the
obligation to comply with this subsection, provided that they comply
with requirements established by the State.
Subpart GGG_Standards of Performance for Equipment Leaks of VOC in
Petroleum Refineries for which Construction, Reconstruction, or
Modification Commenced After January 4, 1983, and on or Before November
7, 2006
Source: 49 FR 22606, May 30, 1984, unless otherwise noted.
Sec. 60.590 Applicability and designation of affected facility.
(a)(1) The provisions of this subpart apply to affected facilities
in petroleum refineries.
(2) A compressor is an affected facility.
(3) The group of all the equipment (defined in Sec. 60.591) within a
process unit is an affected facility.
(b) Any affected facility under paragraph (a) of this section that
commences construction, reconstruction, or modification after January 4,
1983, and on or before November 7, 2006, is subject to the requirements
of this subpart.
(c) Addition or replacement of equipment (defined in Sec. 60.591)
for the purpose of process improvement which is accomplished without a
capital expenditure shall not by itself be considered a modification
under this subpart.
(d) Facilities subject to subpart VV, subpart VVa, or subpart KKK of
this part are excluded from this subpart.
(e) Stay of standards. Owners or operators are not required to
comply with the definition of ``process unit'' in Sec. 60.590 of this
subpart until the EPA takes final action to require compliance and
publishes a document in the Federal Register. While the definition of
``process unit'' is stayed, owners or operators should use the following
definition:
Process unit means components assembled to produce intermediate or
final products from petroleum, unfinished petroleum derivatives, or
other intermediates; a process unit can operate independently if
supplied with sufficient feed or raw materials and sufficient storage
facilities for the product.
[49 FR 22606, May 30, 1984, as amended at 72 FR 64895, Nov. 16, 2007; 73
FR 31376, June 2, 2008]
Sec. 60.591 Definitions.
As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein shall have the
meaning given them in the act, in subpart A of part 60, or in subpart VV
of part 60, and the following terms shall have the specific meanings
given them.
Alaskan North Slope means the approximately 69,000 square mile area
extending from the Brooks Range to the Arctic Ocean.
Asphalt (also known as Bitumen) is a black or dark brown solid or
semi-solid thermo-plastic material possessing waterproofing and adhesive
properties. It is a complex combination of higher molecular weight
organic compounds containing a relatively high proportion of
hydrocarbons having carbon numbers greater than C25 with a high carbon
to hydrogen ratio. It is essentially non-volatile at ambient
temperatures with closed cup flash point of 445 deg.F (230 deg.C) or
greater.
Equipment means each valve, pump, pressure relief device, sampling
connection system, open-ended valve or line, and flange or other
connector in VOC service. For the purposes of recordkeeping and
reporting only, compressors are considered equipment.
In hydrogen service means that a compressor contains a process fluid
that meets the conditions specified in Sec. 60.593(b).
In light liquid service means that the piece of equipment contains a
liquid that meets the conditions specified in Sec. 60.593(c).
[[Page 106]]
Petroleum means the crude oil removed from the earth and the oils
derived from tar sands, shale, and coal.
Petroleum refinery means any facility engaged in producing gasoline,
kerosene, distillate fuel oils, residual fuel oils, lubricants, or other
products through the distillation of petroleum, or through the
redistillation, cracking, or reforming of unfinished petroleum
derivatives.
Process unit means the components assembled and connected by pipes
or ducts to process raw materials and to produce intermediate or final
products from petroleum, unfinished petroleum derivatives, or other
intermediates. A process unit can operate independently if supplied with
sufficient feed or raw materials and sufficient storage facilities for
the product. For the purpose of this subpart, process unit includes any
feed, intermediate and final product storage vessels (except as
specified in Sec. 60.482-1(g)), product transfer racks, and connected
ducts and piping. A process unit includes all equipment as defined in
this subpart.
[49 FR 22606, May 30, 1984, as amended at 72 FR 64895, Nov. 16, 2007]
Effective Date Note: At 73 FR 31376, June 2, 2008, Sec. 60.591, the
definition of ``process unit'' was stayed until further notice.
Sec. 60.592 Standards.
(a) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall comply with the requirements of Secs. 60.482-1 to 60.482-10 as
soon as practicable, but no later than 180 days after initial startup.
(b) For a given process unit, an owner or operator may elect to
comply with the requirements of paragraphs (b)(1), (2), or (3) of this
section as an alternative to the requirements in Sec. 60.482-7.
(1) Comply with Sec. 60.483-1.
(2) Comply with Sec. 60.483-2.
(3) Comply with the Phase III provisions in 40 CFR 63.168, except an
owner or operator may elect to follow the provisions in Sec. 60.482-7(f)
instead of 40 CFR 63.168 for any valve that is designated as being
leakless.
(c) An owner or operator may apply to the Administrator for a
determination of equivalency for any means of emission limitation that
achieves a reduction in emissions of VOC at least equivalent to the
reduction in emissions of VOC achieved by the controls required in this
subpart. In doing so, the owner or operator shall comply with
requirements of Sec. 60.484.
(d) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall comply with the provisions of Sec. 60.485 except as provided in
Sec. 60.593.
(e) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall comply with the provisions of Secs. 60.486 and 60.487.
[49 FR 22606, May 30, 1984, as amended at 72 FR 64896, Nov. 16, 2007]
Sec. 60.593 Exceptions.
(a) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
may comply with the following exceptions to the provisions of subpart
VV.
(b)(1) Compressors in hydrogen service are exempt from the
requirements of Sec. 60.592 if an owner or operator demonstrates that a
compressor is in hydrogen service.
(2) Each compressor is presumed not to be in hydrogen service unless
an owner or operator demonstrates that the piece of equipment is in
hydrogen service. For a piece of equipment to be considered in hydrogen
service, it must be determined that the percent hydrogen content can be
reasonably expected always to exceed 50 percent by volume. For purposes
of determining the percent hydrogen content in the process fluid that is
contained in or contacts a compressor, procedures that conform to the
general method described in ASTM E260-73, 91, or 96, E168-67, 77, or 92,
or E169-63, 77, or 93 (incorporated by reference as specified in
Sec. 60.17) shall be used.
(3)(i) An owner or operator may use engineering judgment rather than
procedures in paragraph (b)(2) of this section to demonstrate that the
percent content exceeds 50 percent by volume, provided the engineering
judgment demonstrates that the content clearly exceeds 50 percent by
volume. When an owner or operator and the Administrator do not agree on
whether a piece of equipment is in hydrogen service, however, the
procedures in paragraph (b)(2) shall be used to resolve the
disagreement.
[[Page 107]]
(ii) If an owner or operator determines that a piece of equipment is
in hydrogen service, the determination can be revised only after
following the procedures in paragraph (b)(2).
(c) Any existing reciprocating compressor that becomes an affected
facility under provisions of Sec. 60.14 or Sec. 60.15 is exempt from
Sec. 60.482-3(a), (b), (c), (d), (e), and (h) provided the owner or
operator demonstrates that recasting the distance piece or replacing the
compressor are the only options available to bring the compressor into
compliance with the provisions of Sec. 60.482-3(a), (b), (c), (d), (e),
and (h).
(d) An owner or operator may use the following provision in addition
to Sec. 60.485(e): Equipment is in light liquid service if the percent
evaporated is greater than 10 percent at 150 deg.C as determined by
ASTM Method D86-78, 82, 90, 95, or 96 (incorporated by reference as
specified in Sec. 60.17).
(e) Pumps in light liquid service and valves in gas/vapor and light
liquid service within a process unit that is located in the Alaskan
North Slope are exempt from the requirements of Sec. 60.482-2 and
Sec. 60.482-7.
(f) Open-ended valves or lines containing asphalt as defined in
Sec. 60.591 are exempt from the requirements of Sec. 60.482-6(a) through
(c).
[49 FR 22606, May 30, 1984, as amended at 65 FR 61768, Oct. 17, 2000; 72
FR 64896, Nov. 16, 2007]
Subpart GGGa_Standards of Performance for Equipment Leaks of VOC in
Petroleum Refineries for Which Construction, Reconstruction, or
Modification Commenced After November 7, 2006
Source: 72 FR 64896, Nov. 16, 2007, unless otherwise noted.
Sec. 60.590a Applicability and designation of affected facility.
(a)(1) The provisions of this subpart apply to affected facilities
in petroleum refineries.
(2) A compressor is an affected facility.
(3) The group of all the equipment (defined in Sec. 60.591a) within
a process unit is an affected facility.
(b) Any affected facility under paragraph (a) of this section that
commences construction, reconstruction, or modification after November
7, 2006, is subject to the requirements of this subpart.
(c) Addition or replacement of equipment (defined in Sec. 60.591a)
for the purpose of process improvement which is accomplished without a
capital expenditure shall not by itself be considered a modification
under this subpart.
(d) Facilities subject to subpart VV, subpart VVa, subpart GGG, or
subpart KKK of this part are excluded from this subpart.
(e) Stay of standards. Owners or operators are not required to
comply with the definition of ``process unit'' in Sec. 60.590 of this
subpart until the EPA takes final action to require compliance and
publishes a document in the Federal Register. While the definition of
``process unit'' is stayed, owners or operators should use the following
definition:
Process unit means components assembled to produce intermediate or
final products from petroleum, unfinished petroleum derivatives, or
other intermediates; a process unit can operate independently if
supplied with sufficient feed or raw materials and sufficient storage
facilities for the product.
[49 FR 22606, May 30, 1984, as amended at 73 FR 31376, June 2, 2008]
Sec. 60.591a Definitions.
As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein shall have the
meaning given them in the Clean Air Act, in subpart A of part 60, or in
subpart VVa of this part, and the following terms shall have the
specific meanings given them.
Alaskan North Slope means the approximately 69,000 square mile area
extending from the Brooks Range to the Arctic Ocean.
Asphalt (also known as Bitumen) is a black or dark brown solid or
semi-solid thermo-plastic material possessing waterproofing and adhesive
properties. It is a complex combination of higher molecular weight
organic compounds containing a relatively high proportion of
[[Page 108]]
hydrocarbons having carbon numbers greater than C25 with a high carbon
to hydrogen ratio. It is essentially non-volatile at ambient
temperatures with closed cup flash point of 445 deg.F (230 deg.C) or
greater.
Equipment means each valve, pump, pressure relief device, sampling
connection system, open-ended valve or line, and flange or other
connector in VOC service. For the purposes of recordkeeping and
reporting only, compressors are considered equipment.
In hydrogen service means that a compressor contains a process fluid
that meets the conditions specified in Sec. 60.593a(b).
In light liquid service means that the piece of equipment contains a
liquid that meets the conditions specified in Sec. 60.593a(c).
Petroleum means the crude oil removed from the earth and the oils
derived from tar sands, shale, and coal.
Petroleum refinery means any facility engaged in producing gasoline,
kerosene, distillate fuel oils, residual fuel oils, lubricants, or other
products through the distillation of petroleum, or through the
redistillation, cracking, or reforming of unfinished petroleum
derivatives.
Process unit means the components assembled and connected by pipes
or ducts to process raw materials and to produce intermediate or final
products from petroleum, unfinished petroleum derivatives, or other
intermediates. A process unit can operate independently if supplied with
sufficient feed or raw materials and sufficient storage facilities for
the product. For the purpose of this subpart, process unit includes any
feed, intermediate and final product storage vessels (except as
specified in Sec. 60.482-1a(g)), product transfer racks, and connected
ducts and piping. A process unit includes all equipment as defined in
this subpart.
Effective Date Note: At 73 FR 31376, June 2, 2008, Sec. 60.591a, the
definition of ``process unit'' was stayed until further notice.
Sec. 60.592a Standards.
(a) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall comply with the requirements of Secs. 60.482-1a to 60.482-10a as
soon as practicable, but no later than 180 days after initial startup.
(b) For a given process unit, an owner or operator may elect to
comply with the requirements of paragraphs (b)(1), (2), or (3) of this
section as an alternative to the requirements in Sec. 60.482-7a.
(1) Comply with Sec. 60.483-1a.
(2) Comply with Sec. 60.483-2a.
(3) Comply with the Phase III provisions in Sec. 63.168, except an
owner or operator may elect to follow the provisions in Sec. 60.482-
7a(f) instead of Sec. 63.168 for any valve that is designated as being
leakless.
(c) An owner or operator may apply to the Administrator for a
determination of equivalency for any means of emission limitation that
achieves a reduction in emissions of VOC at least equivalent to the
reduction in emissions of VOC achieved by the controls required in this
subpart. In doing so, the owner or operator shall comply with
requirements of Sec. 60.484a.
(d) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall comply with the provisions of Sec. 60.485a except as provided in
Sec. 60.593a.
(e) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall comply with the provisions of Secs. 60.486a and 60.487a.
Sec. 60.593a Exceptions.
(a) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
may comply with the following exceptions to the provisions of subpart
VVa of this part.
(b)(1) Compressors in hydrogen service are exempt from the
requirements of Sec. 60.592a if an owner or operator demonstrates that a
compressor is in hydrogen service.
(2) Each compressor is presumed not to be in hydrogen service unless
an owner or operator demonstrates that the piece of equipment is in
hydrogen service. For a piece of equipment to be considered in hydrogen
service, it must be determined that the percent hydrogen content can be
reasonably expected always to exceed 50 percent by volume. For purposes
of determining the percent hydrogen content in the process fluid that is
contained in or contacts a compressor, procedures that conform
[[Page 109]]
to the general method described in ASTM E260-73, 91, or 96, E168-67, 77,
or 92, or E169-63, 77, or 93 (incorporated by reference as specified in
Sec. 60.17) shall be used.
(3)(i) An owner or operator may use engineering judgment rather than
procedures in paragraph (b)(2) of this section to demonstrate that the
percent content exceeds 50 percent by volume, provided the engineering
judgment demonstrates that the content clearly exceeds 50 percent by
volume. When an owner or operator and the Administrator do not agree on
whether a piece of equipment is in hydrogen service, however, the
procedures in paragraph (b)(2) of this section shall be used to resolve
the disagreement.
(ii) If an owner or operator determines that a piece of equipment is
in hydrogen service, the determination can be revised only after
following the procedures in paragraph (b)(2).
(c) Any existing reciprocating compressor that becomes an affected
facility under provisions of Sec. 60.14 or Sec. 60.15 is exempt from
Sec. 60.482-3a(a), (b), (c), (d), (e), and (h) provided the owner or
operator demonstrates that recasting the distance piece or replacing the
compressor are the only options available to bring the compressor into
compliance with the provisions of Sec. 60.482-3a(a), (b), (c), (d), (e),
and (h).
(d) An owner or operator may use the following provision in addition
to Sec. 60.485a(e): Equipment is in light liquid service if the percent
evaporated is greater than 10 percent at 150 deg.C as determined by
ASTM Method D86-78, 82, 90, 93, 95, or 96 (incorporated by reference as
specified in Sec. 60.17).
(e) Pumps in light liquid service and valves in gas/vapor and light
liquid service within a process unit that is located in the Alaskan
North Slope are exempt from the requirements of Secs. 60.482-2a and
60.482-7a.
(f) Open-ended valves or lines containing asphalt as defined in
Sec. 60.591a are exempt from the requirements of Sec. 60.482-6a(a)
through (c).
(g) Connectors in gas/vapor or light liquid service are exempt from
the requirements in Sec. 60.482-11a, provided the owner or operator
complies with Sec. 60.482-8a for all connectors, not just those in heavy
liquid service.
Subpart HHH_Standards of Performance for Synthetic Fiber Production
Facilities
Source: 49 FR 13651, Apr. 5, 1984, unless otherwise noted.
Sec. 60.600 Applicability and designation of affected facility.
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the
affected facility to which the provisions of this subpart apply is each
solvent-spun synthetic fiber process that produces more than 500 Mg (551
ton) of fiber per year.
(b) The provisions of this subpart do not apply to any facility that
uses the reaction spinning process to produce spandex fiber or the
viscose process to produce rayon fiber.
(c) The provisions of this subpart apply to each facility as
identified in paragraph (a) of this section and that commences
construction or reconstruction after November 23, 1982. The provisions
of this subpart do not apply to facilities that commence modification
but not reconstruction after November 23, 1982.
[49 FR 22606, May 30, 1984, as amended at 65 FR 61768, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.601 Definitions.
All terms that are used in this subpart and are not defined below
are given the same meaning as in the Act and in subpart A of this part.
Acrylic fiber means a manufactured synthetic fiber in which the
fiber-forming substance is any long-chain synthetic polymer composed of
at least 85 percent by weight of acrylonitrile units.
Makeup solvent means the solvent introduced into the affected
facility that compensates for solvent lost from the affected facility
during the manufacturing process.
Nongaseous losses means the solvent that is not volatilized during
fiber production, and that escapes the process and is unavailable for
recovery, or is in a form or concentration unsuitable for economical
recovery.
Polymer means any of the natural or synthetic compounds of usually
high molecular weight that consist of many
[[Page 110]]
repeated links, each link being a relatively light and simple molecule.
Precipitation bath means the water, solvent, or other chemical bath
into which the polymer or prepolymer (partially reacted material)
solution is extruded, and that causes physical or chemical changes to
occur in the extruded solution to result in a semihardened polymeric
fiber.
Rayon fiber means a manufactured fiber composed of regenerated
cellulose, as well as manufactured fibers composed of regenerated
cellulose in which substituents have replaced not more than 15 percent
of the hydrogens of the hydroxyl groups.
Reaction spinning process means the fiber-forming process where a
prepolymer is extruded into a fluid medium and solidification takes
place by chemical reaction to form the final polymeric material.
Recovered solvent means the solvent captured from liquid and gaseous
process streams that is concentrated in a control device and that may be
purified for reuse.
Solvent feed means the solvent introduced into the spinning solution
preparation system or precipitation bath. This feed stream includes the
combination of recovered solvent and makeup solvent.
Solvent inventory variation means the normal changes in the total
amount of solvent contained in the affected facility.
Solvent recovery system means the equipment associated with capture,
transportation, collection, concentration, and purification of organic
solvents. It may include enclosures, hoods, ducting, piping, scrubbers,
condensers, carbon adsorbers, distillation equipment, and associated
storage vessels.
Solvent-spun synthetic fiber means any synthetic fiber produced by a
process that uses an organic solvent in the spinning solution, the
precipitation bath, or processing of the sun fiber.
Solvent-spun synthetic fiber process means the total of all
equipment having a common spinning solution preparation system or a
common solvent recovery system, and that is used in the manufacture of
solvent-spun synthetic fiber. It includes spinning solution preparation,
spinning, fiber processing and solvent recovery, but does not include
the polymer production equipment.
Spandex fiber means a manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming
substance is a long chain synthetic polymer comprised of at least 85
percent of a segmented polyurethane.
Spinning solution means the mixture of polymer, prepolymer, or
copolymer and additives dissolved in solvent. The solution is prepared
at a viscosity and solvent-to-polymer ratio that is suitable for
extrusion into fibers.
Spinning solution preparation system means the equipment used to
prepare spinning solutions; the system includes equipment for mixing,
filtering, blending, and storage of the spinning solutions.
Synthetic fiber means any fiber composed partially or entirely of
materials made by chemical synthesis, or made partially or entirely from
chemically-modified naturally-occurring materials.
Viscose process means the fiber forming process where cellulose and
concentrated caustic soda are reacted to form soda or alkali cellulose.
This reacts with carbon disulfide to form sodium cellulose xanthate,
which is then dissolved in a solution of caustic soda. After ripening,
the solution is spun into an acid coagulating bath. This precipitates
the cellulose in the form of a regenerated cellulose filament.
[49 FR 13651, Apr. 5, 1984; 49 FR 18096, Apr. 27, 1984]
Sec. 60.602 Standard for volatile organic compounds.
On and after the date on which the initial performance test required
to be conducted by Sec. 60.8 is completed, no owner or operator subject
to the provisions of this subpart shall cause the discharge into the
atmosphere from any affected facility that produces acrylic fibers, VOC
emissions that exceed 10 kg/Mg (20 lb/ton) solvent feed to the spinning
solution preparation system or precipitation bath. VOC emissions from
affected facilities that produce both acrylic and nonacrylic fiber types
shall not exceed 10 kg/Mg (20 lb/ton) solvent feed. VOC emissions from
affected facilities that produce
[[Page 111]]
only nonacrylic fiber types shall not exceed 17 kg/Mg (34 lb/ton)
solvent feed. Compliance with the emission limitations is determined on
a 6-month rolling average basis as described in Sec. 60.603.
[49 FR 22606, May 30, 1984, as amended at 65 FR 61768, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.603 Performance test and compliance provisions.
(a) Section 60.8(f) does not apply to the performance test
procedures required by this subpart.
(b) Each owner or operator of an affected facility shall determine
compliance with the applicable standard in Sec. 60.602(a) by determining
and recording monthly the VOC emissions per unit mass solvent feed from
each affected facility for the current and preceding 5 consecutive
calendar months and using these values to calculate the 6-month average
emissions. Each calculation is considered a performance test. The owner
or operator of an affected facility shall use the following procedure to
determine VOC emissions for each calendar month;
(1) Install, calibrate, maintain, and operate monitoring devices
that continuously measure and permanently record for each calendar month
the amount of makeup solvent and solvent feed. These values shall be
used in calculating VOC emissions according to paragraph (b)(2) of this
section. All monitoring devices, meters, and peripheral equipment shall
be calibrated and any error recorded. Total compounded error of the flow
measuring and recording devices shall not exceed 1 percent accuracy over
the operating range. As an alternative to measuring solvent feed, the
owner or operator may:
(i) Measure the amount of recovered solvent returned to the solvent
feed storage tanks, and use the following equation to determine the
amount of solvent feed:
Solvent Feed = Makeup Solvent + Recovered
Solvent + Change in the Amount of Solvent
Contained in the Solvent Feed Holding Tank.
(ii) Measure and record the amount of polymer introduced into the
affected facility and the solvent-to-polymer ratio of the spinning
solutions, and use the following equation to determine the amount of
solvent feed:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC16NO91.083
where subscript ``i'' denotes each particular spinning solution used
during the test period; values of ``i'' vary from one to the
total number of spinning solutions, ``n,'' used during the
calendar month.
(2) VOC emissions shall be determined each calendar month by use of
the following equations:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC16NO91.084
where all values are for the calendar month only and where
E = VOC Emissions, in kg/Mg (lb/ton) solvent;
SV = Measured or calculated volume of solvent feed, in liters
(gallons);
SW = Weight of solvent feed, in Mg (ton);
MV = Measured volume of makeup solvent, in liters (gallons);
MW = Weight of makeup, in kg (lb);
N = Allowance for nongaseous losses, 13 kg/Mg (26 lb/ton) solvent feed;
SP = Fraction of measured volume that is actual solvent
(excludes water);
D = Density of the solvent, in kg/liter (lb/gallon);
K = Conversion factor, 1,000 kg/Mg (2,000 lb/ton);
I = Allowance for solvent inventory variation or changes in the amount
of solvent contained in the affected facility, in kg/Mg (lb/
ton) solvent feed (may be positive or negative);
IS = Amount of solvent contained in the affected facility at
the beginning of the test period, as determined by the owner
or operator, in kg (lb);
IE = Amount of solvent contained in the affected facility at
the close of the test period, as determined by the owner or
operator, in kg (lb).
(3) N, as used in the equation in paragraph (b)(2) of this section,
equals 13 kg/Mg (26 lb/ton) solvent feed to the spinning solution
preparation system and precipitation bath. This value shall be used in
all cases unless an owner or
[[Page 112]]
operator demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Administrator that
greater nongaseous losses occur at the affected facility. In this case,
the greater value may be substituted in the equation.
[49 FR 13651, Apr. 5, 1984; 49 FR 18096, Apr. 27, 1984, as amended at 65
FR 61769, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.604 Reporting requirements.
(a) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall submit a
written report to the Administrator of the following:
(1) The results of the initial performance test; and
(2) The results of subsequent performance tests that indicate that
VOC emissions exceed the standards in Sec. 60.602. These reports shall
be submitted quarterly at 3-month intervals after the initial
performance test. If no exceedances occur during a particular quarter, a
report stating this shall be submitted to the Administrator
semiannually.
(b) Solvent-spun synthetic fiber producing facilities exempted from
these standards in Sec. 60.600(a) (those producing less than 500 Mg (551
ton) annually) shall report to the Administrator within 30 days whenever
extruded fiber for the preceding 12 calendar months exceeds 500 Mg (551
ton).
(c) The requirements of this section remain in force until and
unless EPA, in delegating enforcement authority to a State under section
111(c) of the Act, approves reporting requirements or an alternate means
of compliance surveillance adopted by such State. In that event,
affected sources within the State will be relieved of the obligation to
comply with this section, provided that they comply with the
requirements established by the State.
[49 FR 13651, Apr. 5, 1984, as amended at 55 FR 51384, Dec. 13, 1990; 59
FR 32341, June 23, 1994; 65 FR 61769, Oct. 17, 2000]
Subpart III_Standards of Performance for Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)
Emissions From the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry
(SOCMI) Air Oxidation Unit Processes
Source: 55 FR 26922, June 29, 1990, unless otherwise noted.
Sec. 60.610 Applicability and designation of affected facility.
(a) The provisions of this subpart apply to each affected facility
designated in paragraph (b) of this section that produces any of the
chemicals listed in Sec. 60.617 as a product, co-product, by-product, or
intermediate, except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section.
(b) The affected facility is any of the following for which
construction, modification, or reconstruction commenced after October
21, 1983:
(1) Each air oxidation reactor not discharging its vent stream into
a recovery system.
(2) Each combination of an air oxidation reactor and the recovery
system into which its vent stream is discharged.
(3) Each combination of two or more air oxidation reactors and the
common recovery system into which their vent streams are discharged.
(c) Each affected facility that has a total resource effectiveness
(TRE) index value greater than 4.0 is exempt from all provisions of this
subpart except for Secs. 60.612, 60.614(f), 60.615(h), and 60.615(l).
(d) Alternative means of compliance--(1) Option to comply with part
65. Owners or operators of process vents that are subject to this
subpart may choose to comply with the provisions of 40 CFR part 65,
subpart D, to satisfy the requirements of Secs. 60.612 through 60.615
and 60.618. The provisions of 40 CFR part 65 also satisfy the criteria
of paragraph (c) of this section. Other provisions applying to an owner
or operator who chooses to comply with 40 CFR part 65 are provided in 40
CFR 65.1.
(2) Part 60, subpart A. Owners or operators who choose to comply
with 40
[[Page 113]]
CFR part 65, subpart D, must also comply with Secs. 60.1, 60.2, 60.5,
60.6, 60.7(a)(1) and (4), 60.14, 60.15, and 60.16 for those process
vents. All sections and paragraphs of subpart A of this part that are
not mentioned in this paragraph (d)(2) do not apply to owners or
operators of process vents complying with 40 CFR part 65, subpart D,
except that provisions required to be met prior to implementing 40 CFR
part 65 still apply. Owners and operators who choose to comply with 40
CFR part 65, subpart D, must comply with 40 CFR part 65, subpart A.
(3) Compliance date. Owners or operators who choose to comply with
40 CFR part 65, subpart D, at initial startup shall comply with
paragraphs (d)(1) and (2) of this section for each vent stream on and
after the date on which the initial performance test is completed, but
not later than 60 days after achieving the maximum production rate at
which the affected facility will be operated, or 180 days after the
initial startup, whichever date comes first.
(4) Initial startup notification. Each owner or operator subject to
the provisions of this subpart that chooses to comply with 40 CFR part
65, subpart D, at initial startup shall notify the Administrator of the
specific provisions of 40 CFR 65.63(a)(1), (2), or (3) with which the
owner or operator has elected to comply. Notification shall be submitted
with the notifications of initial startup required by 40 CFR 65.5(b).
Note: The intent of these standards is to minimize the emissions of
VOC through the application of BDT. The numerical emission limits in
these standards are expressed in terms of total organic compounds (TOC),
measured as TOC minus methane and ethane. This emission limit reflects
the performance of BDT.
[55 FR 26922, June 29, 1990, as amended at 65 FR 78278, Dec. 14, 2000]
Sec. 60.611 Definitions.
As used in this subpart, all terms not defined here shall have the
meaning given them in the Act and in subpart A of part 60, and the
following terms shall have the specific meanings given them.
Air Oxidation Reactor means any device or process vessel in which
one or more organic reactants are combined with air, or a combination of
air and oxygen, to produce one or more organic compounds. Ammoxidation
and oxychlorination reactions are included in this definition.
Air Oxidation Reactor Recovery Train means an individual recovery
system receiving the vent stream from at least one air oxidation
reactor, along with all air oxidation reactors feeding vent streams into
this system.
Air Oxidation Unit Process means a unit process, including
ammoxidation and oxychlorination unit process, that uses air, or a
combination of air and oxygen, as an oxygen source in combination with
one or more organic reactants to produce one or more organic compounds.
Boilers means any enclosed combustion device that extracts useful
energy in the form of steam.
By Compound means by individual stream components, not carbon
equivalents.
Continuous recorder means a data recording device recording an
instantaneous data value at least once every 15 minutes.
Flame zone means the portion of the combustion chamber in a boiler
occupied by the flame envelope.
Flow indicator means a device which indicates whether gas flow is
present in a vent stream.
Halogenated Vent Stream means any vent stream determined to have a
total concentration (by volume) of compounds containing halogens of 20
ppmv (by compound) or greater.
Incinerator means any enclosed combustion device that is used for
destroying organic compounds and does not extract energy in the form of
steam or process heat.
Process Heater means a device that transfers heat liberated by
burning fuel to fluids contained in tubes, including all fluids except
water that is heated to produce steam.
Process Unit means equipment assembled and connected by pipes or
ducts to produce, as intermediates or final products, one or more of the
chemicals in Sec. 60.617. A process unit can operate independently if
supplied with sufficient fuel or raw materials and sufficient product
storage facilities.
[[Page 114]]
Product means any compound or chemical listed in Sec. 60.617 that is
produced for sale as a final product as that chemical or is produced for
use in a process that needs that chemical for the production of other
chemicals in another facility. By-products, co-products, and
intermediates are considered to be products.
Recovery Device means an individual unit of equipment, such as an
absorber, condenser, and carbon adsorber, capable of and used to recover
chemicals for use, reuse or sale.
Recovery System means an individual recovery device or series of
such devices applied to the same process stream.
Total organic compounds (TOC) means those compounds measured
according to the procedures in Sec. 60.614(b)(4). For the purposes of
measuring molar composition as required in Sec. 60.614(d)(2)(i), hourly
emissions rate as required in Sec. 60.614(d)(5) and Sec. 60.614(e) and
TOC concentration as required in Sec. 60.615(b)(4) and
Sec. 60.615(g)(4), those compounds which the Administrator has
determined do not contribute appreciably to the formation of ozone are
to be excluded. The compounds to be excluded are identified in
Environmental Protection Agency's statements on ozone abatement policy
for SIP revisions (42 FR 35314; 44 FR 32042; 45 FR 32424; 45 FR 48942).
Total resource effectiveness (TRE) Index Value means a measure of
the supplemental total resource requirement per unit reduction of TOC
associated with an individual air oxidation vent stream, based on vent
stream flow rate, emission rate of TOC, net heating value, and corrosion
properties (whether or not the vent stream is halogenated), as
quantified by the equation given under Sec. 60.614(e).
Vent Stream means any gas stream, containing nitrogen which was
introduced as air to the air oxidation reactor, released to the
atmosphere directly from any air oxidation reactor recovery train or
indirectly, after diversion through other process equipment. The vent
stream excludes equipment leaks and relief valve discharges including,
but not limited to, pumps, compressors, and valves.
[55 FR 26922, June 29, 1990; 55 FR 36932, Sept. 7, 1990]
Sec. 60.612 Standards.
Each owner or operator of any affected facility shall comply with
paragraph (a), (b), or (c) of this section for each vent stream on and
after the date on which the initial performance test required by
Secs. 60.8 and 60.614 is completed, but not later than 60 days after
achieving the maximum production rate at which the affected facility
will be operated, or 180 days after the initial start-up, whichever date
comes first. Each owner or operator shall either:
(a) Reduce emissions of TOC (minus methane and ethane) by 98 weight-
percent, or to a TOC (minus methane and ethane) concentration of 20 ppmv
on a dry basis corrected to 3 percent oxygen, whichever is less
stringent. If a boiler or process heater is used to comply with this
paragraph, then the vent stream shall be introduced into the flame zone
of the boiler or process heater; or
(b) Combust the emissions in a flare that meets the requirements of
Sec. 60.18; or
(c) Maintain a TRE index value greater than 1.0 without use of VOC
emission control devices.
Sec. 60.613 Monitoring of emissions and operations.
(a) The owner or operator of an affected facility that uses an
incinerator to seek to comply with the TOC emission limit specified
under Sec. 60.612(a) shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate
according to manufacturer's specifications the following equipment:
(1) A temperature monitoring device equipped with a continuous
recorder and having an accuracy of [1 percent of the temperature being
monitored expressed in degrees Celsius or [0.5 deg.C, whichever is
greater.
(i) Where an incinerator other than a catalytic incinerator is used,
a temperature monitoring device shall be installed in the firebox.
(ii) Where a catalytic incinerator is used, temperature monitoring
devices
[[Page 115]]
shall be installed in the gas stream immediately before and after the
catalyst bed.
(2) A flow indicator that provides a record of vent stream flow to
the incinerator at least once every hour for each affected facility. The
flow indicator shall be installed in the vent stream from each affected
facility at a point closest to the inlet of each incinerator and before
being joined with any other vent stream.
(b) The owner or operator of an affected facility that uses a flare
to seek to comply with Sec. 60.612(b) shall install, calibrate,
maintain, and operate according to manufacturer's specifications the
following equipment:
(1) A heat sensing device, such as an ultra-violet sensor or
thermocouple, at the pilot light to indicate the continuous presence of
a flame.
(2) A flow indicator that provides a record of vent stream flow to
the flare at least once every hour for each affected facility. The flow
indicator shall be installed in the vent stream from each affected
facility at a point closest to the flare and before being joined with
any other vent stream.
(c) The owner or operator of an affected facility that uses a boiler
or process heater to seek to comply with Sec. 60.612(a) shall install,
calibrate, maintain and operate according to the manufacturer's
specifications the following equipment:
(1) A flow indicator that provides a record of vent stream flow to
the boiler or process heater at least once every hour for each affected
facility. The flow indicator shall be installed in the vent stream from
each air oxidation reactor within an affected facility at a point
closest to the inlet of each boiler or process heater and before being
joined with any other vent stream.
(2) A temperature monitoring device in the firebox equipped with a
continuous recorder and having an accuracy of [1 percent of the
temperature being measured expressed in degrees Celsius or [0.5 deg.C,
whichever is greater, for boilers or process heaters of less than 44 MW
(150 million Btu/hr) heat input design capacity.
(d) Monitor and record the periods of operation of the boiler or
process heater if the design input capacity of the boiler is 44 MW (150
million Btu/hr) or greater. The records must be readily available for
inspection.
(e) The owner or operator of an affected facility that seeks to
demonstrate compliance with the TRE index value limit specified under
Sec. 60.612(c) shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate according
to manufacturer's specifications the following equipment, unless
alternative monitoring procedures or requirements are approved for that
facility by the Administrator:
(1) Where an absorber is the final recovery device in a recovery
system:
(i) A scrubbing liquid temperature monitoring device having an
accuracy of [1 percent of the temperature being monitored expressed in
degrees Celsius or 0.5 deg.C, whichever is greater, and a specific
gravity monitoring device having an accuracy of 0.02 specific gravity
units, each equipped with a continuous recorder;
(ii) An organic monitoring device used to indicate the concentration
level of organic compounds exiting the recovery device based on a
detection principle such as infra-red, photoionization, or thermal
conductivity, each equipped with a continuous recorder.
(2) Where a condenser is the final recovery device in a recovery
system:
(i) A condenser exit (product side) temperature monitoring device
equipped with a continuous recorder and having an acuracy of [1 percent
of the temperature being monitored expressed in degrees Celsius or 0.5
deg.C, whichever is greater;
(ii) An organic monitoring device used to indicate the concentration
level of organic compounds exiting the recovery device based on a
detection principle such as infra-red, photoionization, or thermal
conductivity, each equipped with a continuous recorder.
(3) Where a carbon adsorber is the final recovery device in a
recovery system:
(i) An integrating steam flow monitoring device having an accuracy
of 10 percent, and a carbon bed temperature monitoring device having an
accuracy of [1 percent of the temperature being monitored expressed in
degrees Celsius
[[Page 116]]
or [0.5 deg.C, whichever is greater, both equipped with a continuous
recorder;
(ii) An organic monitoring device used to indicate the concentration
level of organic compounds exiting the recovery device based on a
detection principle such as infra-red, photoionization, or thermal
conductivity, each equipped with a continuous recorder.
(f) An owner or operator of an affected facility seeking to
demonstrate compliance with the standards specified under Sec. 60.612
with control devices other than an incinerator, boiler, process heater,
or flare; or recovery devices other than an absorber, condenser, or
carbon adsorber shall provide to the Administrator information
describing the operation of the control device or recovery device and
the process parameter(s) which would indicate proper operation and
maintenance of the device. The Administrator may request further
information and will specify appropriate monitoring procedures or
requirements.
[55 FR 26922, June 29, 1990, as amended at 65 FR 61769, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.614 Test methods and procedures.
(a) For the purpose of demonstrating compliance with Sec. 60.612,
all affected facilities shall be run at full operating conditions and
flow rates during any performance test.
(b) The following methods in appendix A to this part, except as
provided under Sec. 60.8(b) shall be used as reference methods to
determine compliance with the emission limit or percent reduction
efficiency specified under Sec. 60.612(a).
(1) Method 1 or 1A, as appropriate, for selection of the sampling
sites. The control device inlet sampling site for determination of vent
stream molar composition or TOC (less methane and ethane) reduction
efficiency shall be prior to the inlet of the control device and after
the recovery system.
(2) Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D, as appropriate, for determination of
the volumetric flow rates.
(3) The emission rate correction factor, integrated sampling and
analysis procedure of Method 3 shall be used to determine the oxygen
concentration (%O2d) for the purposes of determining
compliance with the 20 ppmv limit. The sampling site shall be the same
as that of the TOC samples and the samples shall be taken during the
same time that the TOC samples are taken. The TOC concentration
corrected to 3 percent O2 (Cc) shall be computed
using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC16NO91.085
where:
Cc = Concentration of TOC corrected to 3 percent
02, dry basis, ppm by volume.
CTOC = Concentration of TOC (minus methane and ethane), dry
basis, ppm by volume.
%O2d = Concentration of O2, dry basis, percent by
volume.
(4) Method 18 to determine concentration of TOC in the control
device outlet and the concentration of TOC in the inlet when the
reduction efficiency of the control device is to be determined.
(i) The sampling time for each run shall be 1 hour in which either
an integrated sample or four grab samples shall be taken. If grab
sampling is used then the samples shall be taken at 15-minute intervals.
(ii) The emission reduction (R) of TOC (minus methane and ethane)
shall be determined using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC16NO91.086
where:
R = Emission reduction, percent by weight.
Ei = Mass rate of TOC entering the control device, kg/hr (lb/
hr).
Eo = Mass rate of TOC discharged to the atmosphere, kg/hr
(lb/hr).
(iii) The mass rates of TOC (Ei, Eo) shall be
computed using the following equations:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC16NO91.087
Where:
[[Page 117]]
Cij, Coj = Concentration of sample component ``j''
of the gas stream at the inlet and outlet of the control
device, respectively, dry basis ppm by volume.
Mij, Moj = Molecular weight of sample component
``j`` of the gas stream at the inlet and outlet of the control
device, respectively, g/g-mole (lb/lb-mole).
Qi, Qo = Flow rate of gas stream at the inlet and
outlet of the control device, respectively, dscm/min (dscf/
min).
K2 = 2.494 x 10-6 (1/ppm)(g-mole/scm)(kg/g)(min/
hr) (metric units), where standard temperature for (g-mole/
scm) is 20 deg.C.
= 1.557 x 10-7 (1/ppm)(lb-mole/scf)(min/hr) (English
units), where standard temperature for (lb-mole/scf) is 68 deg.F.
(iv) The TOC concentration (CTOC) is the sum of the
individual components and shall be computed for each run using the
following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC16NO91.088
where:
CTOC = Concentration of TOC (minus methane and ethane), dry
basis, ppm by volume.
Cj = Concentration of sample components in the sample.
n = Number of components in the sample.
(c) When a boiler or process heater with a design heat input
capacity of 44 MW (150 million Btu/hour) or greater is used to seek to
comply with Sec. 60.612(a), the requirement for an initial performance
test is waived, in accordance with Sec. 60.8(b). However, the
Administrator reserves the option to require testing at such other times
as may be required, as provided for in section 114 of the Act.
(d) When a flare is used to seek to comply with Sec. 60.612(b), the
flare shall comply with the requirements of Sec. 60.18.
(e) The following test methods in appendix A to this part, except as
provided under Sec. 60.8(b), shall be used for determining the net
heating value of the gas combusted to determine compliance under
Sec. 60.612(b) and for determining the process vent stream TRE index
value to determine compliance under Sec. 60.612(c).
(1)(i) Method 1 or 1A, as appropriate, for selection of the sampling
site. The sampling site for the vent stream flow rate and molar
composition determination prescribed in Sec. 60.614(e)(2) and (3) shall
be, except for the situations outlined in paragraph (e)(1)(ii) of this
section, prior to the inlet of any control device, prior to any post-
reactor dilution of the stream with air, and prior to any post-reactor
introduction of halogenated compounds into the vent stream. No
transverse site selection method is needed for vents smaller than 10
centimeters (4 inches) in diameter.
(ii) If any gas stream other than the air oxidation vent stream from
the affected facility is normally conducted through the final recovery
device.
(A) The sampling site for vent stream flow rate and molar
composition shall be prior to the final recovery device and prior to the
point at which the nonair oxidation stream is introduced.
(B) The efficiency of the final recovery device is determined by
measuring the TOC concentration using Method 18 at the inlet to the
final recovery device after the introduction of any nonair oxidation
vent stream and at the outlet of the final recovery device.
(C) This efficiency is applied to the TOC concentration measured
prior to the final recovery device and prior to the introduction of the
nonair oxidation stream to determine the concentration of TOC in the air
oxidation stream from the final recovery device. This concentration of
TOC is then used to perform the calculations outlined in
Sec. 60.614(e)(4) and (5).
(2) The molar composition of the process vent stream shall be
determined as follows:
(i) Method 18 to measure the concentration of TOC including those
containing halogens.
(ii) D1946-77, or 90 (Reapproved 1994) (incorporation by reference
as specified in Sec. 60.17 of this part) to measure the concentration of
carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
(iii) Method 4 to measure the content of water vapor.
(3) The volumetric flow rate shall be determined using Method 2, 2A,
2C, or 2D, as appropriate.
(4) The net heating value of the vent stream shall be calculated
using the following equation:
[[Page 118]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC16NO91.089
where:
HT = Net heating value of the sample, MJ/scm (Btu/scf), where
the net enthalpy per mole of vent stream is based on
combustion at 25 deg.C and 760 mm Hg (77 deg.F and 30 in.
Hg), but the standard temperature for determining the volume
corresponding to one mole is 20 deg.C (68 deg.F).
K1 = 1.74 x 10-7 (1/ppm)(g-mole/scm)(MJ/kcal)
(metric units), where standard temperature for (g-mole/scm) is
20 deg.C.
= 1.03 x 10-11 (1/ppm)(lb-mole/scf)(Btu/kcal) (English
units) where standard temperature for (lb/mole/scf) is 68 deg.F.
Cj = Concentration on a wet basis of compound j in ppm, as
measured for organics by Method 18 and measured for hydrogen
and carbon monoxide by ASTM D1946-77, 90, or 94 (incorporation
by reference as specified in Sec. 60.17 of this part) as
indicated in Sec. 60.614(e)(2).
Hj = Net heat of combustion of compound j, kcal/(g-mole)
[kcal/(lb-mole)], based on combustion at 25 deg.C and 760 mm
Hg (77 deg.F and 30 in. Hg).
(5) The emission rate of TOC in the process vent stream shall be
calculated using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC16NO91.092
where:
ETOC = Measured emission rate of TOC, kg/hr (lb/hr).
K2 = 2.494 x 10-6 (1/ppm)(g-mole/scm)(kg/g)(min/
hr) (metric units), where standard temperature for (g-mole/
scm) is 20 deg.C.
= 1.557 x 10-7 (1/ppm)(lb-mole/scf)(min/hr) (English
units), where standard temperature for (lb-mole/scf) is 68 deg.F.
Cj = Concentration on a wet basis of compound j in ppm, as
measured by Method 18 as indicated in Sec. 60.614(e)(2).
Mj = Molecular weight of sample j, g/g-mole (lb/lb-mole).
Qs = Vent stream flow rate, scm/hr (scf/hr), at a temperature
of 20 deg.C (68 deg.F).
(6) The total process vent stream concentration (by volume) of
compounds containing halogens (ppmv, by compound) shall be summed from
the individual concentrations of compounds containing halogens which
were measured by Method 18.
(f) For purposes of complying with Sec. 60.612(c), the owner or
operator of a facility affected by this subpart shall calculate the TRE
index value of the vent stream using the equation for incineration in
paragraph (e)(1) of this section for halogenated vent streams. The owner
or operator of an affected facility with a nonhalogenated vent stream
shall determine the TRE index value by calculating values using both the
incinerator equation in paragraph (e)(1) of this section and the flare
equation in paragraph (e)(2) of this section and selecting the lower of
the two values.
(1) The TRE index value of the vent stream controlled by an
incinerator shall be calculated using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC16NO91.093
(i) Where for a vent stream flow rate that is greater than or equal
to 14.2 scm/min (501 scf/min) at a standard temperature of 20 deg.C (68
deg.F):
TRE = TRE index value.
Qs = Vent stream flow rate, scm/min (scf/min), at a
temperature of 20 deg.C (68 deg.F).
HT = Vent stream net heating value, MJ/scm (Btu/scf), where
the net enthalpy per mole of vent stream is based on
combustion at 25 deg.C and 760 mm Hg (68 deg.F and 30 in.
Hg), but the standard temperature for determining the volume
corresponding to one mole is 20 deg.C (68 deg.F) as in the
definition of Qs.
Ys = Qs for all vent stream categories listed in
table 1 except for Category E vent streams where Ys
= QsHT/3.6.
ETOC = Hourly emissions of TOC, kg/hr (lb/hr). a, b, c, d, e,
and f are coefficients.
The set of coefficients which apply to a vent stream shall be
obtained from table 1.
[[Page 119]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR17OC00.027
[[Page 120]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR17OC00.028
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR17OC00.029
(ii) Where for a vent stream flow rate that is less than 14.2 scm/
min (501 scf/min) at a standard temperature of 20 deg.C (68 deg.F):
TRE = TRE index value.
Qs = 14.2 scm/min (501 scf/min).
HT = (FLOW)(HVAL)/Qs.
Where the following inputs are used:
FLOW = Vent stream flow rate, scm/min (scf/min), at a temperature of 20
deg.C (68 deg.F).
HVAL = Vent stream net heating value, MJ/scm (Btu/scf), where the net
enthalpy per mole of vent stream is based on combustion at 25
deg.C and 760 mm Hg (68 deg.F and 30 in. Hg), but the
standard temperature for
[[Page 121]]
determining the volume corresponding to one mole is 20 deg.C
(68 deg.F) as in the definition of Qs.
Ys = Qs for all vent stream categories listed in
table 1 except for Category E vent streams where Ys
= QsHT/3.6.
ETOC = Hourly emissions of TOC, kg/hr (lb/hr).
a, b, c, d, e, and f are coefficients.
The set of coefficients that apply to a vent stream can be obtained
from table 1.
(2) The equation for calculating the TRE index value of a vent
stream controlled by a flare is as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC16NO91.094
where:
TRE = TRE index value.
ETOC = Hourly emissions of TOC, kg/hr (lb/hr).
Qs = Vent stream flow rate, scm/min (scf/min), at a standard
temperature of 20 deg.C (68 deg.F).
HT = Vent stream net heating value, MJ/scm (Btu/scf), where
the net enthalpy per mole of vent stream is based on
combustion at 25 deg.C and 760 mm Hg (68 deg.F and 30 in.
Hg), but the standard temperature for determining the volume
corresponding to one mole is 20 deg.C (68 deg.F) as in the
definition of Qs.
a, b, c, d, and e are coefficients.
The set of coefficients that apply to a vent stream shall be
obtained from table 2.
Table 2--Air Oxidation Processes NSPS TRE Coefficients for Vent Streams Controlled by a Flare
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a b c d e
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HT < 11.2 MJ/scm.......................... 2.25 0.288 ^0.193 (^0.0051 2.08
(HT < 301 Btu/scf)........................ (0.140) (0.0367) (^0.000448) (^0.0051) (4.59)
HT 11.2 MJ/scm........................... 0.309 0.0619 ^0.0043 ^0.0034 2.08
HT 301 Btu/scf).......................... (0.0193) (0.00788) (^0.000010) (^0.0034) (4.59)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(g) Each owner or operator of an affected facility seeking to comply
with Sec. 60.610(c) or Sec. 60.612(c) shall recalculate the TRE index
value for that affected facility whenever process changes are made. Some
examples of process changes are changes in production capacity,
feedstock type, or catalyst type, or whenever there is replacement,
removal, or addition of recovery equipment. The TRE index value shall be
recalculated based on test data, or on best engineering estimates of the
effects of the change to the recovery system.
(1) Where the recalculated TRE index value is less than or equal to
1.0, the owner or operator shall notify the Administrator within 1 week
of the recalculation and shall conduct a performance test according to
the methods and procedures required by Sec. 60.614 to determine
compliance with Sec. 60.612(a). Performance tests must be conducted as
soon as possible after the process change but no later than 180 days
from the time of the process change.
(2) Where the initial TRE index value is greater than 4.0 and the
recalculated TRE index value is less than or equal to 4.0, but greater
than 1.0, the owner or operator shall conduct a performance test in
accordance with Secs. 60.8 and 60.614 and shall comply with
Secs. 60.613, 60.614, and 60.615. Performance tests must be conducted as
soon as possible after the process change but no later than 180 days
from the time of the process change.
[55 FR 26922, June 29, 1990; 55 FR 36932, Sept. 7, 1990, as amended at
65 FR 61769, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.615 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
(a) Each owner or operator subject to Sec. 60.612 shall notify the
Administrator of the specific provisions of Sec. 60.612
[[Page 122]]
(Sec. 60.612 (a) (b), or (c)) with which the owner or operator has
elected to comply. Notification shall be submitted with the notification
of initial start-up required by Sec. 60.7(a)(3). If an owner or operator
elects at a later date to use an alternative provision of Sec. 60.612
with which he or she will comply, then the Administrator shall be
notified by the owner or operator 90 days before implementing a change
and, upon implementing the change, a performance test shall be performed
as specified by Sec. 60.614 within 180 days.
(b) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall keep up-to-date, readily accessible records of the following data
measured during each performance test, and also include the following
data in the report of the initial performance test required under
Sec. 60.8. Where a boiler or process heater with a design heat input
capacity of 44 MW (150 million Btu/hour) or greater is used to comply
with Sec. 60.612(a), a report containing performance test data need not
be submitted, but a report containing the information of
Sec. 60.615(b)(2)(i) is required. The same data specified in this
section shall be submitted in the reports of all subsequently required
performance tests where either the emission control efficiency of a
control device, outlet concentration of TOC, or the TRE index value of a
vent stream from a recovery system is determined.
(1) Where an owner or operator subject to this subpart seeks to
demonstrate compliance with Sec. 60.612(a) through use of either a
thermal or catalytic incinerator:
(i) The average firebox temperature of the incinerator (or the
average temperature upstream and downstream of the catalyst bed for a
catalytic incinerator), measured at least every 15 minutes and averaged
over the same time period of the performance testing, and
(ii) The percent reduction of TOC determined as specified in
Sec. 60.614(b) achieved by the incinerator, or the concentration of TOC
(ppmv, by compound) determined as specified in Sec. 60.614(b) at the
outlet of the control device on a dry basis corrected to 3 percent
oxygen.
(2) Where an owner or operator subject to the provisions of this
subpart seeks to demonstrate compliance with Sec. 60.612(a) through use
of a boiler or process heater:
(i) A description of the location at which the vent stream is
introduced into the boiler or process heater, and
(ii) The average combustion temperature of the boiler or process
heater with a design heat input capacity of less than 44 MW (150 million
Btu/hr) measured at least every 15 minutes and averaged over the same
time period of the performance testing.
(3) Where an owner or operator subject to the provisions of this
subpart seeks to comply with Sec. 60.612(b) through the use of a
smokeless flare, flare design (i.e., steam-assisted, air-assisted, or
nonassisted), all visible emission readings, heat content
determinations, flow rate measurements, and exit velocity determinations
made during the performance test, continuous records of the flare pilot
flame monitoring, and records of all periods of operations during which
the pilot flame is absent.
(4) Where an owner or operator seeks to demonstrate compliance with
Sec. 60.612(c):
(i) Where an absorber is the final recovery device in a recovery
system, the exit specific gravity (or alternative parameter which is a
measure of the degree of absorbing liquid saturation, if approved by the
Administrator), and average exit temperature of the absorbing liquid,
measured at least every 15 minutes and averaged over the same time
period of the performance testing (both measured while the vent stream
is normally routed and constituted), or
(ii) Where a condenser is the final recovery device in a recovery
system, the average exit (product side) temperature, measured at least
every 15 minutes and average over the same time period of the
performance testing while the vent stream is normally routed and
constituted.
(iii) Where a carbon adsorber is the final recovery device in a
recovery system, the total steam mass flow measured at least every 15
minutes and averaged over the same time period of the performance test
(full carbon bed cycle), temperature of the carbon bed after
regeneration (and within 15 minutes of completion of any cooling
cycle(s), and duration of the carbon bed
[[Page 123]]
steaming cycle (all measured while the vent stream is normally routed
and constituted), or
(iv) As an alternative to Sec. 60.615(b)(4)(i), (ii) or (iii), the
concentration level or reading indicated by the organic monitoring
device at the outlet of the absorber, condenser, or carbon adsorber
measured at least every 15 minutes and averaged over the same time
period of the performance testing while the vent stream is normally
routed and constituted.
(v) All measurements and calculations performed to determine the TRE
index value of the vent stream.
(c) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall keep up-to-date, readily accessible continuous records of the
equipment operating parameters specified to be monitored under
Sec. 60.613(a) and (c) as well as up-to-date, readily accessible records
of periods of operation during which the parameter boundaries
established during the most recent performance test are exceeded. The
Administrator may at any time require a report of these data. Where a
combustion device is used by an owner or operator seeking to demonstrate
compliance with Sec. 60.612(a) or (c), periods of operation during which
the parameter boundaries established during the most recent performance
tests are exceeded are defined as follows:
(1) For thermal incinerators, all 3-hour periods of operation during
which the average combustion temperature was more than 28 deg.C (50
deg.F) below the average combustion temperature during the most recent
performance test at which compliance with Sec. 60.612(a) was determined.
(2) For catalytic incinerators, all 3-hour periods of operation
during which the average temperature of the vent stream immediately
before the catalyst bed is more than 28 deg.C (50 deg.F) below the
average temperature of the vent stream during the most recent
performance test at which compliance with Sec. 60.612(a) was determined.
The owner or operator also shall record all 3-hour periods of operation
during which the average temperature difference across the catalyst bed
is less than 80 percent of the average temperature difference of the
device during the most recent performance test at which compliance with
Sec. 60.612(a) was determined.
(3) All 3-hour periods of operation during which the average
combustion temperature was more than 28 deg.C (50 deg.F) below the
average combustion temperature during the most recent performance test
at which compliance with Sec. 60.612(a) was determined for boilers or
process heaters with a design heat input capacity of less than 44 MW
(150 million Btu/hr).
(4) For boilers or process heaters, whenever there is a change in
the location at which the vent stream is introduced into the flame zone
as required under Sec. 60.612(a).
(d) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall keep up-to-date, readily accessible continuous records of the flow
indication specified under Sec. 60.613(a)(2), Sec. 60.613(b)(2), and
Sec. 60.613(c)(1), as well as up-to-date, readily accessible records of
all periods when the vent stream is diverted from the control device or
has no flow rate.
(e) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
who uses a boiler or process heater with a design heat input capacity of
44 MW (150 million Btu/hour) or greater to comply with Sec. 60.612(a)
shall keep an up-to-date, readily accessible record of all periods of
operation of the boiler or process heater. (Examples of such records
could include records of steam use, fuel use, or monitoring data
collected pursuant to other State or Federal regulatory requirements).
(f) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall keep up-to-date, readily accessible continuous records of the
flare pilot flame monitoring specified in Sec. 60.613(b), as well as up-
to-date, readily accessible records of all periods of operations in
which the pilot flame is absent.
(g) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall keep up-to-date, readily accessible continuous records of the
equipment operating parameters specified to be monitored under
Sec. 60.613(e) as well as up-to-date, readily accessible records of
periods of operation during which the parameter boundaries established
during the most recent performance test are
[[Page 124]]
exceeded. The Administrator may at any time require a report of these
data. Where the owner or operator seeks to demonstrate compliance with
Sec. 60.612(c), periods of operation during which the parameter
boundaries established during the most recent performance tests are
exceeded are defined as follows:
(1) Where an absorber is the final recovery device in a recovery
system, and where an organic monitoring device is not used:
(i) All 3-hour periods of operation during which the average
absorbing liquid temperature was more than 11 deg.C (20 deg.F) above
the average absorbing liquid temperature during the most recent
performance test, or
(ii) All 3-hour periods of operation during which the average
absorbing liquid specific gravity was more than 0.1 unit above, or more
than 0.1 unit below, the average absorbing liquid specific gravity
during the most recent performance test (unless monitoring of an
alternative parameter, which is a measure of the degree of absorbing
liquid saturation, is approved by the Administrator, in which case he or
she will define appropriate parameter boundaries and periods of
operation during which they are exceeded).
(2) When a condenser is the final recovery device in a recovery
system, and where an organic monitoring device is not used, all 3-hour
periods of operation during which the average exit (product side)
condenser operating temperature was more than 6 deg.C (11 deg.F) above
the average exit (product side) operating temperature during the most
recent performance test.
(3) Where a carbon adsorber is the final recovery device in a
recovery system and where an organic monitoring device is not used:
(i) All carbon bed regeneration cycles during which the total mass
steam flow was more than 10 percent below the total mass steam flow
during the most recent performance test, or
(ii) All carbon bed regeneration cycles during which the temperature
of the carbon bed after regeneration (and after completion of any
cooling cycle(s)) was more than 10 percent greater than the carbon bed
temperature (in degrees Celsius) during the most recent performance
test.
(4) Where an absorber, condenser, or carbon adsorber is the final
recovery device in the recovery system and an organic monitoring device
approved by the Administrator is used, all 3-hour periods of operation
during which the average concentration level or reading of organic
compounds in the exhaust gases is more than 20 percent greater than the
exhaust gas organic compound concentration level or reading measured by
the monitoring device during the most recent performance test.
(h) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
and seeking to demonstrate compliance with Sec. 60.612(c) shall keep up-
to-date, readily accessible records of:
(1) Any changes in production capacity, feedstock type, or catalyst
type, or of any replacement, removal or addition of recovery equipment
or air oxidation reactors;
(2) Any recalculation of the TRE index value performed pursuant to
Sec. 60.614(f);
(3) The results of any performance test performed pursuant to the
methods and procedures required by Sec. 60.614(d).
(i) Each owner and operator subject to the provisions of this
subpart is exempt from the quarterly reporting requirements contained in
Sec. 60.7(c) of the General Provisions.
(j) Each owner or operator that seeks to comply with the
requirements of this subpart by complying with the requirements of
Sec. 60.612 shall submit to the Administrator semiannual reports of the
following information. The initial report shall be submitted within 6
months after the initial start-up-date.
(1) Exceedances of monitored parameters recorded under
Sec. 60.615(c) and (g).
(2) All periods recorded under Sec. 60.615(d) when the vent stream
is diverted from the control device or has no flow rate.
(3) All periods recorded under Sec. 60.615(e) when the boiler or
process heater was not operating.
(4) All periods recorded under Sec. 60.615(f) in which the pilot
flame of the flare was absent.
[[Page 125]]
(5) Any recalculation of the TRE index value, as recorded under
Sec. 60.615(h).
(k) The requirements of Sec. 60.615(j) remain in force until and
unless EPA, in delegating enforcement authority to a State under section
111(c) of the Act, approves reporting requirements or an alternative
means of compliance surveillance adopted by such State. In that event,
affected sources within the State will be relieved of the obligation to
comply with Sec. 60.615(j), provided that they comply with the
requirements established by the State.
(l) The Administrator will specify appropriate reporting and
recordkeeping requirements where the owner or operator of an affected
facility seeks to demonstrate compliance with the standards specified
under Sec. 60.612 other than as provided under Sec. 60.613(a), (b), (c),
and (d).
[55 FR 26922, June 29, 1990; 55 FR 36932, Sept. 7, 1990, as amended at
65 FR 61773, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.616 Reconstruction.
For purposes of this subpart ``fixed capital cost of the new
components,'' as used in Sec. 60.15, includes the fixed capital cost of
all depreciable components which are or will be replaced pursuant to all
continuous programs of component replacement which are commenced within
any 2-year period following October 21, 1983. For purposes of this
paragraph, ``commenced'' means that an owner or operator has undertaken
a continuous program of component replacement or that an owner or
operator has entered into a contractual obligation to undertake and
complete, within a reasonable time, a continuous program of component
replacement.
Sec. 60.617 Chemicals affected by subpart III.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chemical name CAS No.*
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acetaldehyde................................................ 75-07-0
Acetic acid................................................. 64-19-7
Acetone..................................................... 67-64-1
Acetonitrile................................................ 75-05-8
Acetophenone................................................ 98-86-2
Acrolein.................................................... 107-02-8
Acrylic acid................................................ 79-10-7
Acrylonitrile............................................... 107-13-1
Anthraquinone............................................... 84-65-1
Benzaldehyde................................................ 100-52-7
Benzoic acid, tech.......................................... 65-85-0
1,3-Butadiene............................................... 106-99-0
p-t-Butyl benzoic acid...................................... 98-73-7
N-Butyric acid.............................................. 107-92-6
Crotonic acid............................................... 3724-65-0
Cumene hydroperoxide........................................ 80-15-9
Cyclohexanol................................................ 108-93-0
Cyclohexanone............................................... 108-94-1
Dimethyl terephthalate...................................... 120-61-6
Ethylene dichloride......................................... 107-06-2
Ethylene oxide.............................................. 75-21-8
Formaldehyde................................................ 50-00-0
Formic acid................................................. 64-18-6
Glyoxal..................................................... 107-22-2
Hydrogen cyanide............................................ 74-90-8
Isobutyric acid............................................. 79-31-2
Isophthalic acid............................................ 121-91-5
Maleic anhydride............................................ 108-31-6
Methyl ethyl ketone......................................... 78-93-3
a-Methyl styrene............................................ 98-83-9
Phenol...................................................... 108-95-2
Phthalic anhydride.......................................... 85-44-9
Propionic acid.............................................. 79-09-4
Propylene oxide............................................. 75-56-9
Styrene..................................................... 100-42-5
Terephthalic acid........................................... 100-21-0
------------------------------------------------------------------------
*CAS numbers refer to the Chemical Abstracts Registry numbers assigned
to specific chemicals, isomers, or mixtures of chemicals. Some isomers
or mixtures that are covered by the standards do not have CAS numbers
assigned to them. The standards apply to all of the chemicals listed,
whether CAS numbers have been assigned or not.
Sec. 60.618 Delegation of authority.
(a) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority to a
State under section 111(c) of the Act, the authorities contained in
paragraph (b) of this section shall be retained by the Administrator and
not transferred to a State.
(b) Authorities which will not be delegated to States:
Sec. 60.613(e).
Subpart JJJ_Standards of Performance for Petroleum Dry Cleaners
Source: 49 FR 37331, Sept. 21, 1984, unless otherwise noted.
Sec. 60.620 Applicability and designation of affected facility.
(a) The provisions of this subpart are applicable to the following
affected facilities located at a petroleum dry cleaning plant with a
total manufacturers' rated dryer capacity equal to or greater than 38
kilograms (84 pounds): Petroleum solvent dry cleaning dryers, washers,
filters, stills, and settling tanks.
(1) When the affected facility is installed in an existing plant
that is not expanding the manufacturers' rated capacity of its petroleum
solvent
[[Page 126]]
dryer(s), the total manufacturers' rated dryer capacity is the summation
of the manufacturers' rated capacity for each existing petroleum solvent
dryer.
(2) When the affected facility is installed in a plant that is
expanding the manufacturers' rated capacity of its petroleum solvent
dryers, the total manufacturers' rated dryer capacity is the summation
of the manufacturers' rated dryer capacity for each existing and
proposed new petroleum solvent dryer.
(3) When the affected facilty is installed in a new plant, the total
manufacturers' rated dryer capacity is the summation of the
manufacturers' rated dryer capacity for each proposed new petroleum
solvent dryer.
(4) The petroleum solvent dryers considered in the determination of
the total manufacturers' rated dryer capacity are those new and existing
dryers in the plant that will be in service at any time after the
proposed new source or modification commences operation.
(b) Any facility under paragraph (a) of this section that commences
construction or modification after December 14, 1982, is subject to the
requirements of this subpart with the following exception. A dryer
installed between December 14, 1982, and September 21, 1984, in a plant
with an annual solvent consumption level of less than 17,791 liters
(4,700 gallons), is exempt from the requirements of this subpart.
[49 FR 37331, Sept. 21, 1984, as amended at 50 FR 49026, Nov. 27, 1985;
65 FR 61773, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.621 Definitions.
As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein shall have the
same meaning given them in the Act and in subpart A of this part.
Cartridge filter means a discrete filter unit containing both filter
paper and activated carbon that traps and removes contaminants from
petroleum solvent, together with the piping and ductwork used in the
installation of this device.
Dryer means a machine used to remove petroleum solvent from articles
of clothing or other textile or leather goods, after washing and
removing of excess petroleum solvent, together with the piping and
ductwork used in the installation of this device.
Manufacturers' rated dryer capacity means the dryer's rated capacity
of articles, in pounds or kilograms of clothing articles per load, dry
basis, that is typically found on each dryer on the manufacturer's name-
plate or in the manufacturer's equipment specifications.
Perceptible leaks means any petroleum solvent vapor or liquid leaks
that are conspicuous from visual observation or that bubble after
application of a soap solution, such as pools or droplets of liquid,
open containers or solvent, or solvent laden waste standing open to the
atmosphere.
Petroleum dry cleaner means a dry cleaning facility that uses
petroleum solvent in a combination of washers, dryers, filters, stills,
and settling tanks.
Settling tank means a container that gravimetrically separates oils,
grease, and dirt from petroleum solvent, together with the piping and
ductwork used in the installation of this device.
Solvent filter means a discrete solvent filter unit containing a
porous medium that traps and removes contaminants from petroleum
solvent, together with the piping and ductwork used in the installation
of this device.
Solvent recovery dryer means a class of dry cleaning dryers that
employs a condenser to condense and recover solvent vapors evaporated in
a closed-loop stream of heated air, together with the piping and
ductwork used in the installation of this device.
Still means a device used to volatilize, separate, and recover
petroleum solvent from contaminated solvent, together with the piping
and ductwork used in the installation of this device.
Washer means a machine which agitates fabric articles in a petroleum
solvent bath and spins the articles to remove the solvent, together with
the piping and ductwork used in the installation of this device.
Sec. 60.622 Standards for volatile organic compounds.
(a) Each affected petroleum solvent dry cleaning dryer that is
installed at
[[Page 127]]
a petroleum dry cleaning plant after December 14, 1982, shall be a
solvent recovery dryer. The solvent recovery dryer(s) shall be properly
installed, operated, and maintained.
(b) Each affected petroleum solvent filter that is installed at a
petroleum dry cleaning plant after December 14, 1982, shall be a
cartridge filter. Cartridge filters shall be drained in their sealed
housings for at least 8 hours prior to their removal
(c) Each manufacturer of an affected petroleum solvent dryer shall
include leak inspection and leak repair cycle information in the
operating manual and on a clearly visible label posted on each affected
facility. Such information should state:
To protect against fire hazards, loss of valuable solvents, and
emissions of solvent to the atmosphere, periodic inspection of this
equipment for evidence of leaks and prompt repair of any leaks is
recommended. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommends that
the equipment be inspected every 15 days and all vapor or liquid leaks
be repaired within the subsequent 15 day period.
[49 FR 37331, Sept. 21, 1984, as amended at 50 FR 49026, Nov. 27, 1985]
Sec. 60.623 Equivalent equipment and procedures.
(a) Upon written application from any person, the Administrator may
approve the use of equipment or procedures that have been demonstrated
to his satisfaction to be equivalent, in terms of reducing VOC emissions
to the atmosphere, to those prescribed for compliance within a specified
paragraph of this subpart. The application must contain a complete
description of the equipment or procedure; the testing method; the date,
time and location of the test; and a description of the test results.
Written applications shall be submitted to the Administrator, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW.,
Washington, DC 20460.
(b) The Administrator will make a preliminary determination of
whether or not the application for equivalency is approvable and will
publish a notice of these findings in the Federal Register. After notice
and opportunity for public hearing, the Administrator will publish the
final determination in the Federal Register.
Sec. 60.624 Test methods and procedures.
Each owner or operator of an affected facility subject to the
provisions of Sec. 60.622(a) shall perform an initial test to verify
that the flow rate of recovered solvent from the solvent recovery dryer
at the termination of the recovery cycle is no greater than 0.05 liters
per minute. This test shall be conducted for a duration of no less than
2 weeks during which no less than 50 percent of the dryer loads shall be
monitored for their final recovered solvent flow rate. The suggested
point for measuring the flow rate of recovered solvent is the outlet of
the solvent-water separator. Near the end of the recovery cycle, the
entire flow of recovered solvent should be diverted to a graduated
cylinder. As the recovered solvent collects in the graduated cylinder,
the elapsed time is monitored and recorded in periods of greater than or
equal to 1 minute. At the same time, the volume of solvent in the
graduated cylinder is monitored and recorded to determine the volume of
recovered solvent that is collected during each time period. The
recovered solvent flow rate is calculated by dividing the volume of
solvent collected per period by the length of time elapsed during the
period and converting the result with appropriate factors into units of
liters per minute. The recovery cycle and the monitoring procedure
should continue until the flow rate of solvent is less than or equal to
0.05 liter per minute. The type of articles cleaned and the total length
of the cycle should then be recorded.
[49 FR 37331, Sept. 21, 1984, as amended at 65 FR 61773, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.625 Recordkeeping requirements.
Each owner or operator of an affected facility subject to the
provisions of this subpart shall maintain a record of the performance
test required under Sec. 60.624.
[[Page 128]]
Subpart KKK_Standards of Performance for Equipment Leaks of VOC From
Onshore Natural Gas Processing Plants for Which Construction,
Reconstruction, or Modification Commenced After January 20, 1984, and on
or Before August 23, 2011
Source: 50 FR 26124, June 24, 1985, unless otherwise noted.
Sec. 60.630 Applicability and designation of affected facility.
(a)(1) The provisions of this subpart apply to affected facilities
in onshore natural gas processing plants.
(2) A compressor in VOC service or in wet gas service is an affected
facility.
(3) The group of all equipment except compressors (definied in
Sec. 60.631) within a process unit is an affected facility.
(b) Any affected facility under paragraph (a) of this section that
commences construction, reconstruction, or modification after January
20, 1984, and on or before August 23, 2011, is subject to the
requirements of this subpart.
(c) Addition or replacement of equipment (defined in Sec. 60.631)
for the purpose of process improvement that is accomplished without a
capital expenditure shall not by itself be considered a modification
under this subpart.
(d) Facilities covered by subpart VV or subpart GGG of 40 CFR part
60 are excluded from this subpart.
(e) A compressor station, dehydration unit, sweetening unit,
underground storage tank, field gas gathering system, or liquefied
natural gas unit is covered by this subpart if it is located at an
onshore natural gas processing plant. If the unit is not located at the
plant site, then it is exempt from the provisions of this subpart.
[50 FR 26124, June 24, 1985, as amended at 77 FR 49542, Aug. 16, 2012]
Sec. 60.631 Definitions.
As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein shall have the
meaning given them in the Act, in subpart A or subpart VV of part 60;
and the following terms shall have the specific meanings given them.
Alaskan North Slope means the approximately 69,000 square-mile area
extending from the Brooks Range to the Arctic Ocean.
Equipment means each pump, pressure relief device, open-ended valve
or line, valve, compressor, and flange or other connector that is in VOC
service or in wet gas service, and any device or system required by this
subpart.
Field gas means feedstock gas entering the natural gas processing
plant.
In light liquid service means that the piece of equipment contains a
liquid that meets the conditions specified in Sec. 60.485(e) or
Sec. 60.633(h)(2).
In wet gas service means that a piece of equipment contains or
contacts the field gas before the extraction step in the process.
Natural gas liquids means the hydrocarbons, such as ethane, propane,
butane, and pentane, that are extracted from field gas.
Natural gas processing plant (gas plant) means any processing site
engaged in the extraction of natural gas liquids from field gas,
fractionation of mixed natural gas liquids to natural gas products, or
both.
Nonfractionating plant means any gas plant that does not fractionate
mixed natural gas liquids into natural gas products.
Onshore means all facilities except those that are located in the
territorial seas or on the outer continental shelf.
Process unit means equipment assembled for the extraction of natural
gas liquids from field gas, the fractionation of the liquids into
natural gas products, or other operations associated with the processing
of natural gas products. A process unit can operate independently if
supplied with sufficient feed or raw materials and sufficient storage
facilities for the products.
Reciprocating compressor means a piece of equipment that increases
the pressure of a process gas by positive displacement, employing linear
movement of the driveshaft.
Sec. 60.632 Standards.
(a) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall comply with the requirements of Secs. 60.482-1 (a), (b), and (d)
and 60.482-2
[[Page 129]]
through 60.482-10, except as provided in Sec. 60.633, as soon as
practicable, but no later than 180 days after initial startup.
(b) An owner or operator may elect to comply with the requirements
of Secs. 60.483-1 and 60.483-2.
(c) An owner or operator may apply to the Administrator for
permission to use an alternative means of emission limitation that
achieves a reduction in emissions of VOC at least equivalent to that
achieved by the controls required in this subpart. In doing so, the
owner or operator shall comply with requirements of Sec. 60.634 of this
subpart.
(d) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall comply with the provisions of Sec. 60.485 except as provided in
Sec. 60.633(f) of this subpart.
(e) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall comply with the provisions of Secs. 60.486 and 60.487 except as
provided in Secs. 60.633, 60.635, and 60.636 of this subpart.
(f) An owner or operator shall use the following provision instead
of Sec. 60.485(d)(1): Each piece of equipment is presumed to be in VOC
service or in wet gas service unless an owner or operator demonstrates
that the piece of equipment is not in VOC service or in wet gas service.
For a piece of equipment to be considered not in VOC service, it must be
determined that the VOC content can be reasonably expected never to
exceed 10.0 percent by weight. For a piece of equipment to be considered
in wet gas service, it must be determined that it contains or contacts
the field gas before the extraction step in the process. For purposes of
determining the percent VOC content of the process fluid that is
contained in or contacts a piece of equipment, procedures that conform
to the methods described in ASTM E169-63, 77, or 93, E168-67, 77, or 92,
or E260-73, 91, or 96 (incorporated by reference as specified in
Sec. 60.17) shall be used.
[50 FR 26124, June 24, 1985, as amended at 65 FR 61773, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.633 Exceptions.
(a) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
may comply with the following exceptions to the provisions of subpart
VV.
(b)(1) Each pressure relief device in gas/vapor service may be
monitored quarterly and within 5 days after each pressure release to
detect leaks by the methods specified in Sec. 60.485(b) except as
provided in Sec. 60.632(c), paragraph (b)(4) of this section, and
Sec. 60.482-4 (a) through (c) of subpart VV.
(2) If an instrument reading of 10,000 ppm or greater is measured, a
leak is detected.
(3)(i) When a leak is detected, it shall be repaired as soon as
practicable, but no later than 15 calendar days after it is detected,
except as provided in Sec. 60.482-9.
(ii) A first attempt at repair shall be made no later than 5
calendar days after each leak is detected.
(4)(i) Any pressure relief device that is located in a
nonfractionating plant that is monitored only by nonplant personnel may
be monitored after a pressure release the next time the monitoring
personnel are on site, instead of within 5 days as specified in
paragraph (b)(1) of this section and Sec. 60.482-4(b)(1) of subpart VV.
(ii) No pressure relief device described in paragraph (b)(4)(i) of
this section shall be allowed to operate for more than 30 days after a
pressure release without monitoring.
(c) Sampling connection systems are exempt from the requirements of
Sec. 60.482-5.
(d) Pumps in light liquid service, valves in gas/vapor and light
liquid service, and pressure relief devices in gas/vapor service that
are located at a nonfractionating plant that does not have the design
capacity to process 283,200 standard cubic meters per day (scmd) (10
million standard cubic feet per day) or more of field gas are exempt
from the routine monitoring requirements of Secs. 60.482-2(a)(1) and
60.482-7(a), and paragraph (b)(1) of this section.
(e) Pumps in light liquid service, valves in gas/vapor and light
liquid service, and pressure relief devices in gas/vapor service within
a process unit that is located in the Alaskan North Slope are exempt
from the routine monitoring requirements of Secs. 60.482-
[[Page 130]]
2(a)(1), 60.482-7(a), and paragraph (b)(1) of this section.
(f) Reciprocating compressors in wet gas service are exempt from the
compressor control requirements of Sec. 60.482-3.
(g) Flares used to comply with this subpart shall comply with the
requirements of Sec. 60.18.
(h) An owner or operator may use the following provisions instead of
Sec. 60.485(e):
(1) Equipment is in heavy liquid service if the weight percent
evaporated is 10 percent or less at 150 deg.C (302 deg.F) as
determined by ASTM Method D86-78, 82, 90, 95, or 96 (incorporated by
reference as specified in Sec. 60.17).
(2) Equipment is in light liquid service if the weight percent
evaporated is greater than 10 percent at 150 deg.C (302 deg.F) as
determined by ASTM Method D86-78, 82, 90, 95, or 96 (incorporated by
reference as specified in Sec. 60.17).
[50 FR 26124, June 24, 1985, as amended at 51 FR 2702, Jan. 21, 1986; 65
FR 61773, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.634 Alternative means of emission limitation.
(a) If, in the Administrator's judgment, an alternative means of
emission limitation will achieve a reduction in VOC emissions at least
equivalent to the reduction in VOC emissions achieved under any design,
equipment, work practice or operational standard, the Administrator will
publish, in the Federal Register a notice permitting the use of that
alternative means for the purpose of compliance with that standard. The
notice may condition permission on requirements related to the operation
and maintenance of the alternative means.
(b) Any notice under paragraph (a) of this section shall be
published only after notice and an opportunity for a public hearing.
(c) The Administrator will consider applications under this section
from either owners or operators of affected facilities, or manufacturers
of control equipment.
(d) The Administrator will treat applications under this section
according to the following criteria, except in cases where he concludes
that other criteria are appropriate:
(1) The applicant must collect, verify and submit test data,
covering a period of at least 12 months, necessary to support the
finding in paragraph (a) of this section.
(2) If the applicant is an owner or operator of an affected
facility, he must commit in writing to operate and maintain the
alternative means so as to achieve a reduction in VOC emissions at least
equivalent to the reduction in VOC emissions achieved under the design,
equipment, work practice or operational standard.
Sec. 60.635 Recordkeeping requirements.
(a) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall comply with the requirements of paragraphs (b) and (c) of this
section in addition to the requirements of Sec. 60.486.
(b) The following recordkeeping requirements shall apply to pressure
relief devices subject to the requirements of Sec. 60.633(b)(1) of this
subpart.
(1) When each leak is detected as specified in Sec. 60.633(b)(2), a
weatherproof and readily visible identification, marked with the
equipment identification number, shall be attached to the leaking
equipment. The identification on the pressure relief device may be
removed after it has been repaired.
(2) When each leak is detected as specified in Sec. 60.633(b)(2),
the following information shall be recorded in a log and shall be kept
for 2 years in a readily accessible location:
(i) The instrument and operator identification numbers and the
equipment identification number.
(ii) The date the leak was detected and the dates of each attempt to
repair the leak.
(iii) Repair methods applied in each attempt to repair the leak.
(iv) ``Above 10,000 ppm'' if the maximum instrument reading measured
by the methods specified in paragraph (a) of this section after each
repair attempt is 10,000 ppm or greater.
(v) ``Repair delayed'' and the reason for the delay if a leak is not
repaired within 15 calendar days after discovery of the leak.
(vi) The signature of the owner or operator (or designate) whose
decision it was that repair could not be effected without a process
shutdown.
[[Page 131]]
(vii) The expected date of successful repair of the leak if a leak
is not repaired within 15 days.
(viii) Dates of process unit shutdowns that occur while the
equipment is unrepaired.
(ix) The date of successful repair of the leak.
(x) A list of identification numbers for equipment that are
designated for no detectable emissions under the provisions of
Sec. 60.482-4(a). The designation of equipment subject to the provisions
of Sec. 60.482-4(a) shall be signed by the owner or operator.
(c) An owner or operator shall comply with the following requirement
in addition to the requirement of Sec. 60.486(j): Information and data
used to demonstrate that a reciprocating compressor is in wet gas
service to apply for the exemption in Sec. 60.633(f) shall be recorded
in a log that is kept in a readily accessible location.
Sec. 60.636 Reporting requirements.
(a) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall comply with the requirements of paragraphs (b) and (c) of this
section in addition to the requirements of Sec. 60.487.
(b) An owner or operator shall include the following information in
the initial semiannual report in addition to the information required in
Sec. 60.487(b) (1)-(4): Number of pressure relief devices subject to the
requirements of Sec. 60.633(b) except for those pressure relief devices
designated for no detectable emissions under the provisions of
Sec. 60.482-4(a) and those pressure relief devices complying with
Sec. 60.482-4(c).
(c) An owner or operator shall include the following information in
all semiannual reports in addition to the information required in
Sec. 60.487(c)(2) (i) through (vi):
(1) Number of pressure relief devices for which leaks were detected
as required in Sec. 60.633(b)(2) and
(2) Number of pressure relief devices for which leaks were not
repaired as required in Sec. 60.633(b)(3).
Subpart LLL_Standards of Performance for SO2 Emissions From Onshore
Natural Gas Processing for Which Construction, Reconstruction, or
Modification Commenced After January 20, 1984, and on or Before August
23, 2011
Source: 50 FR 40160, Oct. 1, 1985, unless otherwise noted.
Sec. 60.640 Applicability and designation of affected facilities.
(a) The provisions of this subpart are applicable to the following
affected facilities that process natural gas: each sweetening unit, and
each sweetening unit followed by a sulfur recovery unit.
(b) Facilities that have a design capacity less than 2 long tons per
day (LT/D) of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the acid gas
(expressed as sulfur) are required to comply with Sec. 60.647(c) but are
not required to comply with Secs. 60.642 through 60.646.
(c) The provisions of this subpart are applicable to facilities
located on land and include facilities located onshore which process
natural gas produced from either onshore or offshore wells.
(d) The provisions of this subpart apply to each affected facility
identified in paragraph (a) of this section which commences construction
or modification after January 20, 1984, and on or before August 23,
2011.
(e) The provisions of this subpart do not apply to sweetening
facilities producing acid gas that is completely reinjected into oil-or-
gas-bearing geologic strata or that is otherwise not released to the
atmosphere.
[50 FR 40160, Oct. 1, 1985, as amended at 77 FR 49542, Aug. 16, 2012]
Sec. 60.641 Definitions.
All terms used in this subpart not defined below are given the
meaning in the Act and in subpart A of this part.
Acid gas means a gas stream of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and
carbon dioxide (CO2) that has been separated from sour
natural gas by a sweetening unit.
Natural gas means a naturally occurring mixture of hydrocarbon and
nonhydrocarbon gases found in geologic formations beneath the earth's
surface.
[[Page 132]]
The principal hydrocarbon constituent is methane.
Onshore means all facilities except those that are located in the
territorial seas or on the outercontinental shelf.
Reduced sulfur compounds means H2S, carbonyl sulfide
(COS), and carbon disulfide (CS2).
Sulfur production rate means the rate of liquid sulfur accumulation
from the sulfur recovery unit.
Sulfur recovery unit means a process device that recovers element
sulfur from acid gas.
Sweetening unit means a process device that separates the
H2S and CO2 contents from the sour natural gas
stream.
Total SO2 equivalents means the sum of volumetric or mass
concentrations of the sulfur compounds obtained by adding the quantity
existing as SO2 to the quantity of SO2 that would
be obtained if all reduced sulfur compounds were converted to
SO2 (ppmv or kg/dscm (lb/dscf)).
EThe sulfur emission rate expressed as elemental sulfur, kilograms per
hour (kg/hr) [pounds per hour (lb/hr)], rounded to one decimal
place.
RThe sulfur emission reduction efficiency achieved in percent, carried
to one decimal place.
SThe sulfur production rate, kilograms per hour (kg/hr) [pounds per hour
(lb/hr)], rounded to one decimal place.
XThe sulfur feed rate from the sweetening unit (i.e., the H2S
in the acid gas), expressed as sulfur, Mg/D(LT/D), rounded to
one decimal place.
YThe sulfur content of the acid gas from the sweetening unit, expressed
as mole percent H2S (dry basis) rounded to one
decimal place.
ZThe minimum required sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission reduction
efficiency, expressed as percent carried to one decimal place.
Zi refers to the reduction efficiency required at
the initial performance test. Zc refers to the
reduction efficiency required on a continuous basis after
compliance with Zi has been demonstrated.
[50 FR 40160, Oct. 1, 1985, as amended at 65 FR 61773, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.642 Standards for sulfur dioxide.
(a) During the initial performance test required by Sec. 60.8(b),
each owner or operator shall achieve at a minimum, an SO2
emission reduction efficiency (Zi) to be determined from
table 1 based on the sulfur feed rate (X) and the sulfur content of the
acid gas (Y) of the affected facility.
(b) After demonstrating compliance with the provisions of paragraph
(a) of this section, the owner or operator shall achieve at a minimum,
an SO2 emission reduction efficiency (Zc) to be
determined from table 2 based on the sulfur feed rate (X) and the sulfur
content of the acid gas (Y) of the affected facility.
[[Page 133]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN92.054
Sec. 60.643 Compliance provisions.
(a)(1) To determine compliance with the standards for sulfur dioxide
specified in Sec. 60.642(a), during the initial performance test as
required by Sec. 60.8, the
[[Page 134]]
minimum required sulfur dioxide emission reduction efficiency (Z) is
compared to the emission reduction efficiency (R) achieved by the sulfur
recovery technology.
(i) If R Zi, the affected facility is in compliance.
(ii) If R < Zi, the affected facility is not in
compliance.
(2) Following the initial determination of compliance as required by
Sec. 60.8, any subsequent compliance determinations that may be required
by the Administrator would compare R to Zc.
(b) The emission reduction efficiency (R) achieved by the sulfur
reduction technology shall be determined using the procedures in
Sec. 60.644(c)(1).
[50 FR 40160, Oct. 1, 1985, as amended at 54 FR 6679, Feb. 14, 1989]
Sec. 60.644 Test methods and procedures.
(a) In conducting the performance tests required in Sec. 60.8, the
owner or operator shall use as reference methods and procedures the test
methods in appendix A of this part or other methods and procedures as
specified in this section, except as provided in paragraph Sec. 60.8(b).
(b) During a performance test required by Sec. 60.8, the owner or
operator shall determine the minimum required reduction efficiencies (Z)
of SO2 emissions as required in Sec. 60.642 (a) and (b) as
follows:
(1) The average sulfur feed rate (X) shall be computed as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR17OC00.030
Where:
X = average sulfur feed rate, Mg/D (LT/D).
Qa = average volumetric flow rate of acid gas from sweetening
unit, dscm/day (dscf/day).
Y = average H2S concentration in acid gas feed from
sweetening unit, percent by volume, expressed as a decimal.
K = (32 kg S/kg-mole)/((24.04 dscm/kg-mole)(1000 kg S/ Mg)) = 1.331 x
10-3 Mg/dscm, for metric units
= (32 lb S/lb-mole)/((385.36 dscf/lb-mole)(2240 lb S/long ton))
= 3.707 x 10-5 long ton/dscf, for English units.
(2) The continuous readings from the process flowmeter shall be used
to determine the average volumetric flow rate (Qa) in dscm/
day (dscf/day) of the acid gas from the sweetening unit for each run.
(3) The Tutwiler procedure in Sec. 60.648 or a chromatographic
procedure following ASTM E-260 (incorporated by reference--see
Sec. 60.17) shall be used to determine the H2S concentration
in the acid gas feed from the sweetening unit. At least one sample per
hour (at equally spaced intervals) shall be taken during each 4-hour
run. The arithmetic mean of all samples shall be the average
H2S concentration (Y) on a dry basis for the run. By
multiplying the result from the Tutwiler procedure by 1.62 x
10-3, the units gr/100 scf are converted to volume percent.
(4) Using the information from paragraphs (b) (1) and (3), tables 1
and 2 shall be used to determine the required initial (Zi)
and continuous (Zc) reduction efficiencies of SO2
emissions.
(c) The owner or operator shall determine compliance with the
SO2 standards in Sec. 60.642 (a) or (b) as follows:
(1) The emission reduction efficiency (R) achieved by the sulfur
recovery technology shall be computed for each run using the following
equation:
R = (100 S)/(S + E)
(2) The level indicators or manual soundings shall be used to
measure the liquid sulfur accumulation rate in the product storage
tanks. Readings taken at the beginning and end of each run, the tank
geometry, sulfur density at the storage temperature, and sample duration
shall be used to determine the sulfur production rate (S) in kg/hr (lb/
hr) for each run.
(3) The emission rate of sulfur shall be computed for each run as
follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR17OC00.031
Where:
E = emission rate of sulfur per run, kg/hr.
Ce = concentration of sulfur equivalent (SO2 +
reduced sulfur), g/dscm (lb/dscf).
Qsd = volumetric flow rate of effluent gas, dscm/hr (dscf/
hr).
K1 = conversion factor, 1000 g/kg (7000 gr/lb).
(4) The concentration (Ce) of sulfur equivalent shall be
the sum of the SO2 and TRS concentrations, after being
converted to sulfur equivalents. For each run and each of the test
methods specified in this paragraph (c) of this section, the sampling
time shall be at
[[Page 135]]
least 4 hours. Method 1 shall be used to select the sampling site. The
sampling point in the duct shall be at the centroid of the cross-section
if the area is less than 5 m\2\ (54 ft\2\) or at a point no closer to
the walls than 1 m (39 in.) if the cross-sectional area is 5 m\2\ or
more, and the centroid is more than 1 m (39 in.) from the wall.
(i) Method 6 shall be used to determine the SO2
concentration. Eight samples of 20 minutes each shall be taken at 30-
minute intervals. The arithmetic average shall be the concentration for
the run. The concentration shall be multiplied by 0.5 x
10-3 to convert the results to sulfur equivalent.
(ii) Method 15 shall be used to determine the TRS concentration from
reduction-type devices or where the oxygen content of the effluent gas
is less than 1.0 percent by volume. The sampling rate shall be at least
3 liters/min (0.1 ft\3\/min) to insure minimum residence time in the
sample line. Sixteen samples shall be taken at 15-minute intervals. The
arithmetic average of all the samples shall be the concentration for the
run. The concentration in ppm reduced sulfur as sulfur shall be
multiplied by 1.333 x 10-3 to convert the results to sulfur
equivalent.
(iii) Method 16A or 15 shall be used to determine the reduced sulfur
concentration from oxidation-type devices or where the oxygen content of
the effluent gas is greater than 1.0 percent by volume. Eight samples of
20 minutes each shall be taken at 30-minute intervals. The arithmetic
average shall be the concentration for the run. The concentration in ppm
reduced sulfur as sulfur shall be multiplied by 1.333 x
10-3 to convert the results to sulfur equivalent.
(iv) Method 2 shall be used to determine the volumetric flow rate of
the effluent gas. A velocity traverse shall be conducted at the
beginning and end of each run. The arithmetic average of the two
measurements shall be used to calculate the volumetric flow rate
(Qsd) for the run. For the determination of the effluent gas
molecular weight, a single integrated sample over the 4-hour period may
be taken and analyzed or grab samples at 1-hour intervals may be taken,
analyzed, and averaged. For the moisture content, two samples of at
least 0.10 dscm (3.5 dscf) and 10 minutes shall be taken at the
beginning of the 4-hour run and near the end of the time period. The
arithmetic average of the two runs shall be the moisture content for the
run.
(d) To comply with Sec. 60.646(d), the owner or operator shall
obtain the information required by using the monitoring devices in
paragraph (b) or (c) of this section.
[54 FR 6679, Feb. 14, 1989, as amended at 65 FR 61773, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.645 [Reserved]
Sec. 60.646 Monitoring of emissions and operations.
(a) The owner or operator subject to the provisions of Sec. 60.642
(a) or (b) shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate monitoring
devices or perform measurements to determine the following operations
information on a daily basis:
(1) The accumulation of sulfur product over each 24-hour period: The
monitoring method may incorporate the use of an instrument to measure
and record the liquid sulfur production rate, or may be a procedure for
measuring and recording the sulfur liquid levels in the storage tanks
with a level indicator or by manual soundings, with subsequent
calculation of the sulfur production rate based on the tank geometry,
stored sulfur density, and elapsed time between readings. The method
shall be designed to be accurate within [2 percent of the 24-hour sulfur
accumulation.
(2) The H2S concentration in the acid gas from the
sweetening unit for each 24-hour period: At least one sample per 24-hour
period shall be collected and analyzed using the method specified in
Sec. 60.644(b)(1). The Administrator may require the owner or operator
to demonstrate that the H2S concentration obtained from one
or more samples over a 24-hour period is within [20 percent of the
average of 12 samples collected at equally spaced intervals during the
24-hour period. In instances where the H2S concentration of a
single sample is not within [20 percent of the
[[Page 136]]
average of the 12 equally spaced samples, the Administrator may require
a more frequent sampling schedule.
(3) The average acid gas flow rate from the sweetening unit: The
owner or operator shall install and operate a monitoring device to
continuously measure the flow rate of acid gas. The monitoring device
reading shall be recorded at least once per hour during each 24-hour
period. The average acid gas flow rate shall be computed from the
individual readings.
(4) The sulfur feed rate (X): For each 24-hour period, X shall be
computed using the equation in Sec. 60.644(b)(3).
(5) The required sulfur dioxide emission reduction efficiency for
the 24-hour period: The sulfur feed rate and the H2S
concentration in the acid gas for the 24-hour period as applicable,
shall be used to determine the required reduction efficiency in
accordance with the provisions of Sec. 60.642(b).
(b) Where compliance is achieved through the use of an oxidation
control system or a reduction control system followed by a continually
operated incineration device, the owner or operator shall install,
calibrate, maintain, and operate monitoring devices and continuous
emission monitors as follows:
(1) A continuous monitoring system to measure the total sulfur
emission rate (E) of SO2 in the gases discharged to the
atmosphere. The SO2 emission rate shall be expressed in terms
of equivalent sulfur mass flow rates (kg/hr (lb/hr)). The span of this
monitoring system shall be set so that the equivalent emission limit of
Sec. 60.642(b) will be between 30 percent and 70 percent of the
measurement range of the instrument system.
(2) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(3) of this section: A
monitoring device to measure the temperature of the gas leaving the
combustion zone of the incinerator, if compliance with Sec. 60.642(a) is
achieved through the use of an oxidation control system or a reduction
control system followed by a continually operated incineration device.
The monitoring device shall be certified by the manufacturer to be
accurate to within [1 percent of the temperature being measured.
When performance tests are conducted under the provision of Sec. 60.8 to
demonstrate compliance with the standards under Sec. 60.642, the
temperature of the gas leaving the incinerator combustion zone shall be
determined using the monitoring device. If the volumetric ratio of
sulfur dioxide to sulfur dioxide plus total reduced sulfur (expressed as
SO2) in the gas leaving the incinerator is 0.98, then
temperature monitoring may be used to demonstrate that sulfur dioxide
emission monitoring is sufficient to determine total sulfur emissions.
At all times during the operation of the facility, the owner or operator
shall maintain the average temperature of the gas leaving the combustion
zone of the incinerator at or above the appropriate level determined
during the most recent performance test to ensure the sulfur compound
oxidation criteria are met. Operation at lower average temperatures may
be considered by the Administrator to be unacceptable operation and
maintenance of the affected facility. The owner or operator may request
that the minimum incinerator temperature be reestablished by conducting
new performance tests under Sec. 60.8.
(3) Upon promulgation of a performance specification of continuous
monitoring systems for total reduced sulfur compounds at sulfur recovery
plants, the owner or operator may, as an alternative to paragraph (b)(2)
of this section, install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a continuous
emission monitoring system for total reduced sulfur compounds as
required in paragraph (d) of this section in addition to a sulfur
dioxide emission monitoring system. The sum of the equivalent sulfur
mass emission rates from the two monitoring systems shall be used to
compute the total sulfur emission rate (E).
(c) Where compliance is achieved through the use of a reduction
control system not followed by a continually operated incineration
device, the owner or operator shall install, calibrate, maintain, and
operate a continuous monitoring system to measure the emission rate of
reduced sulfur compounds as SO2 equivalent in the gases
discharged to the atmosphere. The SO2 equivalent compound
emission
[[Page 137]]
rate shall be expressed in terms of equivalent sulfur mass flow rates
(kg/hr (lb/hr)). The span of this monitoring system shall be set so that
the equivalent emission limit of Sec. 60.642(b) will be between 30 and
70 percent of the measurement range of the system. This requirement
becomes effective upon promulgation of a performance specification for
continuous monitoring systems for total reduced sulfur compounds at
sulfur recovery plants.
(d) For those sources required to comply with paragraph (b) or (c)
of this section, the average sulfur emission reduction efficiency
achieved (R) shall be calculated for each 24-hour clock internal. The
24-hour interval may begin and end at any selected clock time, but must
be consistent. The 24-hour average reduction efficiency (R) shall be
computed based on the 24-hour average sulfur production rate (S) and
sulfur emission rate (E), using the equation in Sec. 60.644(c)(1).
(1) Data obtained from the sulfur production rate monitoring device
specified in paragraph (a) of this section shall be used to determine S.
(2) Data obtained from the sulfur emission rate monitoring systems
specified in paragraphs (b) or (c) of this section shall be used to
calculate a 24-hour average for the sulfur emission rate (E). The
monitoring system must provide at least one data point in each
successive 15-minute interval. At least two data points must be used to
calculate each 1-hour average. A minimum of 18 1-hour averages must be
used to compute each 24-hour average.
(e) In lieu of complying with (b) or (c) of this section, those
sources with a design capacity of less than 152 Mg/D (150 LT/D) of
H2S expressed as sulfur may calculate the sulfur emission
reduction efficiency achieved for each 24-hour period by:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR17OC00.032
Where:
R = The sulfur dioxide removal efficiency achieved during the 24-hour
period, percent.
K2 = Conversion factor, 0.02400 Mg/D per kg/hr (0.01071 LT/D
per lb/hr).
S = The sulfur production rate during the 24-hour period, kg/hr (lb/hr).
X = The sulfur feed rate in the acid gas, Mg/D (LT/D).
(f) The monitoring devices required in paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(3) and
(c) of this section shall be calibrated at least annually according to
the manufacturer's specifications, as required by Sec. 60.13(b).
(g) The continuous emission monitoring systems required in
paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(3), and (c) of this section shall be subject to
the emission monitoring requirements of Sec. 60.13 of the General
Provisions. For conducting the continuous emission monitoring system
performance evaluation required by Sec. 60.13(c), Performance
Specification 2 shall apply, and Method 6 shall be used for systems
required by paragraph (b) of this section.
[50 FR 40160, Oct. 1, 1985, as amended at 54 FR 6680, Feb. 14, 1989; 65
FR 61774, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.647 Recordkeeping and reporting requirements.
(a) Records of the calculations and measurements required in
Sec. 60.642 (a) and (b) and Sec. 60.646 (a) through (g) must be retained
for at least 2 years following the date of the measurements by owners
and operators subject to this subpart. This requirement is included
under Sec. 60.7(d) of the General Provisions.
(b) Each owner or operator shall submit a written report of excess
emissions to the Administrator semiannually. For the purpose of these
reports, excess emissions are defined as:
(1) Any 24-hour period (at consistent intervals) during which the
average sulfur emission reduction efficiency (R) is less than the
minimum required efficiency (Z).
(2) For any affected facility electing to comply with the provisions
of Sec. 60.646(b)(2), any 24-hour period during which the average
temperature of the gases leaving the combustion zone of an incinerator
is less than the appropriate operating temperature as determined during
the most recent performance test in accordance with the provisions of
Sec. 60.646(b)(2). Each 24-hour period must consist of at least 96
temperature measurements equally spaced over the 24 hours.
(c) To certify that a facility is exempt from the control
requirements of
[[Page 138]]
these standards, each owner or operator of a facility with a design
capacity less that 2 LT/D of H2S in the acid gas (expressed
as sulfur) shall keep, for the life of the facility, an analysis
demonstrating that the facility's design capacity is less than 2 LT/D of
H2S expressed as sulfur.
(d) Each owner or operator who elects to comply with Sec. 60.646(e)
shall keep, for the life of the facility, a record demonstrating that
the facility's design capacity is less than 150 LT/D of H2S
expressed as sulfur.
(e) The requirements of paragraph (b) of this section remain in
force until and unless EPA, in delegating enforcement authority to a
State under section 111(c) of the Act, approves reporting requirements
or an alternative means of compliance surveillance adopted by such
State. In that event, affected sources within the State will be relieved
of obligation to comply with paragraph (b) of this section, provided
that they comply with the requirements established by the State.
Sec. 60.648 Optional procedure for measuring hydrogen sulfide
in acid gas--Tutwiler Procedure. \1\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Gas Engineers Handbook, Fuel Gas Engineering Practices, The
Industrial Press, 93 Worth Street, New York, NY, 1966, First Edition,
Second Printing, page 6/25 (Docket A-80-20-A, Entry II-I-67).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(a) When an instantaneous sample is desired and H2S
concentration is ten grains per 1000 cubic foot or more, a 100 ml
Tutwiler burette is used. For concentrations less than ten grains, a 500
ml Tutwiler burette and more dilute solutions are used. In principle,
this method consists of titrating hydrogen sulfide in a gas sample
directly with a standard solution of iodine.
(b) Apparatus. (See Figure 1.) A 100 or 500 ml capacity Tutwiler
burette, with two-way glass stopcock at bottom and three-way stopcock at
top which connect either with inlet tubulature or glass-stoppered
cylinder, 10 ml capacity, graduated in 0.1 ml subdivision; rubber tubing
connecting burette with leveling bottle.
(c) Reagents. (1) Iodine stock solution, 0.1N. Weight 12.7 g iodine,
and 20 to 25 g cp potassium iodide for each liter of solution. Dissolve
KI in as little water as necessary; dissolve iodine in concentrated KI
solution, make up to proper volume, and store in glass-stoppered brown
glass bottle.
(2) Standard iodine solution, 1 ml = 0.001771 g I. Transfer 33.7 ml
of above 0.1N stock solution into a 250 ml volumetric flask; add water
to mark and mix well. Then, for 100 ml sample of gas, 1 ml of standard
iodine solution is equivalent to 100 grains H2S per cubic
feet of gas.
(3) Starch solution. Rub into a thin paste about one teaspoonful of
wheat starch with a little water; pour into about a pint of boiling
water; stir; let cool and decant off clear solution. Make fresh solution
every few days.
(d) Procedure. Fill leveling bulb with starch solution. Raise (L),
open cock (G), open (F) to (A), and close (F) when solutions starts to
run out of gas inlet. Close (G). Purge gas sampling line and connect
with (A). Lower (L) and open (F) and (G). When liquid level is several
ml past the 100 ml mark, close (G) and (F), and disconnect sampling
tube. Open (G) and bring starch solution to 100 ml mark by raising (L);
then close (G). Open (F) momentarily, to bring gas in burette to
atmospheric pressure, and close (F). Open (G), bring liquid level down
to 10 ml mark by lowering (L). Close (G), clamp rubber tubing near (E)
and disconnect it from burette. Rinse graduated cylinder with a standard
iodine solution (0.00171 g I per ml); fill cylinder and record reading.
Introduce successive small amounts of iodine thru (F); shake well after
each addition; continue until a faint permanent blue color is obtained.
Record reading; subtract from previous reading, and call difference D.
(e) With every fresh stock of starch solution perform a blank test
as follows: introduce fresh starch solution into burette up to 100 ml
mark. Close (F) and (G). Lower (L) and open (G). When liquid level
reaches the 10 ml mark, close (G). With air in burette, titrate as
during a test and up to same end point. Call ml of iodine used C. Then,
Grains H2S per 100 cubic foot of gas = 100 (D--C)
[[Page 139]]
(f) Greater sensitivity can be attained if a 500 ml capacity
Tutwiler burette is used with a more dilute (0.001N) iodine solution.
Concentrations less than 1.0 grains per 100 cubic foot can be determined
in this way. Usually, the starch-iodine end point is much less distinct,
and a blank determination of end point, with H2S-free gas or
air, is required.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN92.055
Figure 1. Tutwiler burette (lettered items mentioned in text)
Subpart MMM [Reserved]
Subpart NNN_Standards of Performance for Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)
Emissions From Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI)
Distillation Operations
Source: 55 FR 26942, June 29, 1990, unless otherwise noted.
Sec. 60.660 Applicability and designation of affected facility.
(a) The provisions of this subpart apply to each affected facility
designated in paragraph (b) of this section that is part of a process
unit that produces any of the chemicals listed in Sec. 60.667 as a
product, co-product, by-product, or intermediate, except as provided in
paragraph (c).
(b) The affected facility is any of the following for which
construction, modification, or reconstruction commenced after December
30, 1983:
(1) Each distillation unit not discharging its vent stream into a
recovery system.
(2) Each combination of a distillation unit and the recovery system
into which its vent stream is discharged.
(3) Each combination of two or more distillation units and the
common recovery system into which their vent streams are discharged.
(c) Exemptions from the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section
are as follows:
(1) Any distillation unit operating as part of a process unit which
produces coal tar or beverage alcohols, or which uses, contains, and
produces no VOC is not an affected facility.
(2) Any distillation unit that is subject to the provisions of
subpart DDD is not an affected facility.
(3) Any distillation unit that is designed and operated as a batch
operation is not an affected facility.
(4) Each affected facility that has a total resource effectiveness
(TRE) index value greater than 8.0 is exempt from all provisions of this
subpart except for Secs. 60.662; 60.664 (e), (f), and (g); and 60.665
(h) and (l).
(5) Each affected facility in a process unit with a total design
capacity for all chemicals produced within that unit of less than one
gigagram per year is exempt from all provisions of this subpart except
for the recordkeeping and reporting requirements in paragraphs (j),
(l)(6), and (n) of Sec. 60.665.
(6) Each affected facility operated with a vent stream flow rate
less than 0.008 scm/min is exempt from all provisions of this subpart
except for the test method and procedure and the recordkeeping and
reporting requirements in
[[Page 140]]
Sec. 60.664(g) and paragraphs (i), (l)(5), and (o) of Sec. 60.665.
(d) Alternative means of compliance--(1) Option to comply with part
65. Owners or operators of process vents that are subject to this
subpart may choose to comply with the provisions of 40 CFR part 65,
subpart D, to satisfy the requirements of Secs. 60.662 through 60.665
and 60.668. The provisions of 40 CFR part 65 also satisfy the criteria
of paragraphs (c)(4) and (6) of this section. Other provisions applying
to an owner or operator who chooses to comply with 40 CFR part 65 are
provided in 40 CFR 65.1.
(2) Part 60, subpart A. Owners or operators who choose to comply
with 40 CFR part 65, subpart D, must also comply with Secs. 60.1, 60.2,
60.5, 60.6, 60.7(a)(1) and (4), 60.14, 60.15, and 60.16 for those
process vents. All sections and paragraphs of subpart A of this part
that are not mentioned in this paragraph (d)(2) do not apply to owners
or operators of process vents complying with 40 CFR part 65, subpart D,
except that provisions required to be met prior to implementing 40 CFR
part 65 still apply. Owners and operators who choose to comply with 40
CFR part 65, subpart D, must comply with 40 CFR part 65, subpart A.
(3) Compliance date. Owners or operators who choose to comply with
40 CFR part 65, subpart D, at initial startup shall comply with
paragraphs (d)(1) and (2) of this section for each vent stream on and
after the date on which the initial performance test is completed, but
not later than 60 days after achieving the maximum production rate at
which the affected facility will be operated, or 180 days after the
initial startup, whichever date comes first.
(4) Initial startup notification. Each owner or operator subject to
the provisions of this subpart that chooses to comply with 40 CFR part
65, subpart D, at initial startup shall notify the Administrator of the
specific provisions of 40 CFR 65.63(a)(1), (2), or (3), with which the
owner or operator has elected to comply. Notification shall be submitted
with the notifications of initial startup required by 40 CFR 65.5(b).
[Note: The intent of these standards is to minimize the emissions of
VOC through the application of best demonstrated technology (BDT). The
numerical emission limits in these standards are expressed in terms of
total organic compounds (TOC), measured as TOC less methane and ethane.
This emission limit reflects the performance of BDT.]
[55 FR 26942, June 29, 2000, as amended at 65 FR 78279, Dec. 14, 2000;
79 FR 11251, Feb. 27, 2014]
Sec. 60.661 Definitions.
As used in this subpart, all terms not defined here shall have the
meaning given them in the Act and in subpart A of part 60, and the
following terms shall have the specific meanings given them.
Batch distillation operation means a noncontinuous distillation
operation in which a discrete quantity or batch of liquid feed is
charged into a distillation unit and distilled at one time. After the
initial charging of the liquid feed, no additional liquid is added
during the distillation operation.
Boiler means any enclosed combustion device that extracts useful
energy in the form of steam.
By compound means by individual stream components, not carbon
equivalents.
Continuous recorder means a data recording device recording an
instantaneous data value at least once every 15 minutes.
Distillation operation means an operation separating one or more
feed stream(s) into two or more exit stream(s), each exit stream having
component concentrations different from those in the feed stream(s). The
separation is achieved by the redistribution of the components between
the liquid and vapor-phase as they approach equilibrium within the
distillation unit.
Distillation unit means a device or vessel in which distillation
operations occur, including all associated internals (such as trays or
packing) and accessories (such as reboiler, condenser, vacuum pump,
steam jet, etc.), plus any associated recovery system.
Flame zone means the portion of the combustion chamber in a boiler
occupied by the flame envelope.
Flow indicator means a device which indicates whether gas flow is
present in a vent stream.
Halogenated vent stream means any vent stream determined to have a
total
[[Page 141]]
concentration (by volume) of compounds containing halogens of 20 ppmv
(by compound) or greater.
Incinerator means any enclosed combustion device that is used for
destroying organic compounds and does not extract energy in the form of
steam or process heat.
Process heater means a device that transfers heat liberated by
burning fuel to fluids contained in tubes, including all fluids except
water that is heated to produce steam.
Process unit means equipment assembled and connected by pipes or
ducts to produce, as intermediates or final products, one or more of the
chemicals in Sec. 60.667. A process unit can operate independently if
supplied with sufficient fuel or raw materials and sufficient product
storage facilities.
Product means any compound or chemical listed in Sec. 60.667 that is
produced for sale as a final product as that chemical, or for use in the
production of other chemicals or compounds. By-products, co-products,
and intermediates are considered to be products.
Recovery device means an individual unit of equipment, such as an
absorber, carbon adsorber, or condenser, capable of and used for the
purpose of recovering chemicals for use, reuse, or sale.
Recovery system means an individual recovery device or series of
such devices applied to the same vent stream.
Total organic compounds (TOC) means those compounds measured
according to the procedures in Sec. 60.664(b)(4). For the purposes of
measuring molar composition as required in Sec. 60.664(d)(2)(i); hourly
emissions rate as required in Sec. 60.664(d)(5) and Sec. 60.664(e); and
TOC concentration as required in Sec. 60.665(b)(4) and
Sec. 60.665(g)(4), those compounds which the Administrator has
determined do not contribute appreciably to the formation of ozone are
to be excluded. The compounds to be excluded are identified in
Environmental Protection Agency's statements on ozone abatement policy
for State Implementation Plans (SIP) revisions (42 FR 35314; 44 FR
32042; 45 FR 32424; 45 FR 48942).
TRE index value means a measure of the supplemental total resource
requirement per unit reduction of TOC associated with an individual
distillation vent stream, based on vent stream flow rate, emission rate
of TOC net heating value, and corrosion properties (whether or not the
vent stream is halogenated), as quantified by the equation given under
Sec. 60.664(e).
Vent stream means any gas stream discharged directly from a
distillation facility to the atmosphere or indirectly to the atmosphere
after diversion through other process equipment. The vent stream
excludes relief valve discharges and equipment leaks including, but not
limited to, pumps, compressors, and valves.
Sec. 60.662 Standards.
Each owner or operator of any affected facility shall comply with
paragraph (a), (b), or (c) of this section for each vent stream on and
after the date on which the initial performance test required by
Sec. 60.8 and Sec. 60.664 is completed, but not later than 60 days after
achieving the maximum production rate at which the affected facility
will be operated, or 180 days after the initial start-up, whichever date
comes first. Each owner or operator shall either:
(a) Reduce emissions of TOC (less methane and ethane) by 98 weight-
percent, or to a TOC (less methane and ethane) concentration of 20 ppmv,
on a dry basis corrected to 3 percent oxygen, whichever is less
stringent. If a boiler or process heater is used to comply with this
paragraph, then the vent stream shall be introduced into the flame zone
of the boiler or process heater; or
(b) Combust the emissions in a flare that meets the requirements of
Sec. 60.18; or
(c) Maintain a TRE index value greater than 1.0 without use of VOC
emission control devices.
Sec. 60.663 Monitoring of emissions and operations.
(a) The owner or operator of an affected facility that uses an
incinerator to seek to comply with the TOC emission limit specified
under Sec. 60.662(a) shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate
according to manufacturer's specifications the following equipment:
(1) A temperature monitoring device equipped with a continuous
recorder
[[Page 142]]
and having an accuracy of [1 percent of the temperature being monitored
expressed in degrees Celsius or [0.5 deg.C, whichever is greater.
(i) Where an incinerator other than a catalytic incinerator is used,
a temperature monitoring device shall be installed in the firebox.
(ii) Where a catalytic incinerator is used, temperature monitoring
devices shall be installed in the gas stream immediately before and
after the catalyst bed.
(2) A flow indicator that provides a record of vent stream flow to
the incinerator at least once every hour for each affected facility. The
flow indicator shall be installed in the vent stream from each affected
facility at a point closest to the inlet of each incinerator and before
being joined with any other vent stream.
(b) The owner or operator of an affected facility that uses a flare
to seek to comply with Sec. 60.662(b) shall install, calibrate, maintain
and operate according to manufacturer's specifications the following
equipment:
(1) A heat sensing device, such as an ultra-violet beam sensor or
thermocouple, at the pilot light to indicate the continuous presence of
a flame.
(2) A flow indicator that provides a record of vent stream flow to
the flare at least once every hour for each affected facility. The flow
indicator shall be installed in the vent stream from each affected
facility at a point closest to the flare and before being joined with
any other vent stream.
(c) The owner or operator of an affected facility that uses a boiler
or process heater to seek to comply with Sec. 60.662(a) shall install,
calibrate, maintain and operate according to the manufacturer's
specifications the following equipment:
(1) A flow indicator that provides a record of vent stream flow to
the boiler or process heater at least once every hour for each affected
facility. The flow indicator shall be installed in the vent stream from
each distillation unit within an affected facility at a point closest to
the inlet of each boiler or process heater and before being joined with
any other vent stream.
(2) A temperature monitoring device in the firebox equipped with a
continuous recorder and having an accuracy of [1 percent of the
temperature being measured expressed in degrees Celsius or [0.5 deg.C,
whichever is greater, for boilers or process heaters of less than 44 MW
(150 million Btu/hr) heat input design capacity.
(d) Monitor and record the periods of operation of the boiler or
process heater if the design heat input capacity of the boiler or
process heater is 44 MW (150 million Btu/hr) or greater. The records
must be readily available for inspection.
(e) The owner or operator of an affected facility that seeks to
comply with the TRE index value limit specified under Sec. 60.662(c)
shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate according to
manufacturer's specifications the following equipment, unless
alternative monitoring procedures or requirements are approved for that
facility by the Administrator:
(1) Where an absorber is the final recovery device in the recovery
system:
(i) A scrubbing liquid temperature monitoring device having an
accuracy of [1 percent of the temperature being monitored expressed in
degrees Celsius or [0.5 deg.C, whichever is greater, and a specific
gravity monitoring device having an accuracy of [0.02 specific gravity
units, each equipped with a continuous recorder, or
(ii) An organic monitoring device used to indicate the concentration
level of organic compounds exiting the recovery device based on a
detection principle such as infrared, photoionization, or thermal
conductivity, each equipped with a continuous recorder.
(2) Where a condenser is the final recovery device in the recovery
system:
(i) A condenser exit (product side) temperature monitoring device
equipped with a continuous recorder and having an accuracy of [1 percent
of the temperature being monitored expressed in degrees Celsius or [0.5
deg.C, whichever is greater, or
(ii) An organic monitoring device used to monitor organic compounds
exiting the recovery device based on a detection principle such as
infra-red, photoionization, or thermal conductivity, each equipped with
a continuous recorder.
[[Page 143]]
(3) Where a carbon adsorber is the final recovery device unit in the
recovery system:
(i) An integrating steam flow monitoring device having an accuracy
of [10 percent, and a carbon bed temperature monitoring device having an
accuracy of [1 percent of the temperature being monitored expressed in
degrees Celsius or [0.5 deg.C, whichever is greater, both equipped with
a continuous recorder, or
(ii) An organic monitoring device used to indicate the concentration
level of organic compounds exiting the recovery device based on a
detection principle such as infra-red, photoionization, or thermal
conductivity, each equipped with a continuous recorder.
(f) An owner or operator of an affected facility seeking to
demonstrate compliance with the standards specified under Sec. 60.662
with control devices other than incinerator, boiler, process heater, or
flare; or recovery device other than an absorber, condenser, or carbon
adsorber shall provide to the Administrator information describing the
operation of the control device or recovery device and the process
parameter(s) which would indicate proper operation and maintenance of
the device. The Administrator may request further information and will
specify appropriate monitoring procedures or requirements.
[55 FR 26942, June 29, 1990, as amended at 65 FR 61774, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.664 Test methods and procedures.
(a) For the purpose of demonstrating compliance with Sec. 60.662,
all affected facilities shall be run at full operating conditions and
flow rates during any performance test.
(b) The following methods in appendix A to this part, except as
provided under Sec. 60.8(b), shall be used as reference methods to
determine compliance with the emission limit or percent reduction
efficiency specified under Sec. 60.662(a).
(1) Method 1 or 1A, as appropriate, for selection of the sampling
sites. The control device inlet sampling site for determination of vent
stream molar composition or TOC (less methane and ethane) reduction
efficiency shall be prior to the inlet of the control device and after
the recovery system.
(2) Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D, as appropriate, for determination of
the gas volumetric flow rates.
(3) The emission rate correction factor, integrated sampling and
analysis procedure of Method 3 shall be used to determine the oxygen
concentration (%O2d) for the purposes of determining
compliance with the 20 ppmv limit. The sampling site shall be the same
as that of the TOC samples, and the samples shall be taken during the
same time that the TOC samples are taken.
The TOC concentration corrected to 3 percent 02
(Cc) shall be computed using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC16NO91.096
where:
Cc = Concentration of TOC corrected to 3 percent
O2, dry basis, ppm by volume.
CTOC = Concentration of TOC (minus methane and ethane), dry
basis, ppm by volume.
%O2d = Concentration of O2, dry basis, percent by
volume.
(4) Method 18 to determine the concentration of TOC in the control
device outlet and the concentration of TOC in the inlet when the
reduction efficiency of the control device is to be determined.
(i) The sampling time for each run shall be 1 hour in which either
an integrated sample or four grab samples shall be taken. If grab
sampling is used then the samples shall be taken at 15-minute intervals.
(ii) The emission reduction (R) of TOC (minus methane and ethane)
shall be determined using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC16NO91.097
where:
R = Emission reduction, percent by weight.
Ei = Mass rate of TOC entering the control device, kg/hr (lb/
hr).
Eo = Mass rate of TOC discharged to the atmosphere, kg/hr
(lb/hr).
(iii) The mass rates of TOC (Ei, Eo) shall be
computed using the following equations:
[[Page 144]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC16NO91.098
where:
Cij, Coj = Concentration of sample component ``j''
of the gas stream at the inlet and outlet of the control
device, respectively, dry basis, ppm by volume.
Mij, Moj = Molecular weight of sample component
``j'' of the gas stream at the inlet and outlet of the control
device, respectively, g/g-mole (lb/lb-mole).
Qi, Qo = Flow rate of gas stream at the inlet and
outlet of the control device, respectively, dscm/min (dscf/
min).
K2 = 2.494 x 10-6 (1/ppm)(g-mole/scm) (kg/g)
(min/hr) (metric units), where standard temperature for (g-
mole/scm) is 20 deg.C.
= 1.557 x 10-7 (1/ppm) (lb-mole/scf) (min/hr) (English
units), where standard temperature for (lb-mole/scf) is 68 deg.F.
(iv) The TOC concentration (CTOC) is the sum of the
individual components and shall be computed for each run using the
following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC16NO91.099
where:
CTOC = Concentration of TOC (minus methane and ethane), dry
basis, ppm by volume.
Cj = Concentration of sample components ``j'', dry basis, ppm
by volume.
n = Number of components in the sample.
(c) When a boiler or process heater with a design heat input
capacity of 44 MW (150 million Btu/hour) or greater is used to seek to
comply with Sec. 60.662(a), the requirement for an initial performance
test is waived, in accordance with Sec. 60.8(b). However, the
Administrator reserves the option to require testing at such other times
as may be required, as provided for in section 114 of the Act.
(d) When a flare is used to seek to comply with Sec. 60.662(b), the
flare shall comply with the requirements of Sec. 60.18.
(e) The following test methods in appendix A to this part, except as
provided under Sec. 60.8(b), shall be used for determining the net
heating value of the gas combusted to determine compliance under
Sec. 60.662(b) and for determining the process vent stream TRE index
value to determine compliance under Sec. 60.662(c).
(1)(i) Method 1 or 1A, as appropriate, for selection of the sampling
site. The sampling site for the vent stream flow rate and molar
composition determination prescribed in Sec. 60.664(e)(2) and (3) shall
be, except for the situations outlined in paragraph (e)(1)(ii) of this
section, prior to the inlet of any control device, prior to any post-
distillation dilution of the stream with air, and prior to any post-
distillation introduction of halogenated compounds into the process vent
stream. No transverse site selection method is needed for vents smaller
than 10 centimeters (4 inches) in diameter.
(ii) If any gas stream other than the distillation vent stream from
the affected facility is normally conducted through the final recovery
device.
(A) The sampling site for vent stream flow rate and molar
composition shall be prior to the final recovery device and prior to the
point at which the nondistillation stream is introduced.
(B) The efficiency of the final recovery device is determined by
measuring the TOC concentration using Method 18 at the inlet to the
final recovery device after the introduction of any nondistillation vent
stream and at the outlet of the final recovery device.
(C) This efficiency is applied to the TOC concentration measured
prior to the final recovery device and prior to the introduction of the
nondistillation stream to determine the concentration of TOC in the
distillation vent stream from the final recovery device. This
concentration of TOC is then used to perform the calculations outlined
in Sec. 60.664(e)(4) and (5).
(2) The molar composition of the process vent stream shall be
determined as follows:
(i) Method 18 to measure the concentration of TOC including those
containing halogens.
(ii) ASTM D1946-77 or 90 (Reapproved 1994) (incorporation by
reference as specified in Sec. 60.17 of this part) to measure the
concentration of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
[[Page 145]]
(iii) Method 4 to measure the content of water vapor.
(3) The volumetric flow rate shall be determined using Method 2, 2A,
2C, or 2D, as appropriate.
(4) The net heating value of the vent stream shall be calculated
using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC16NO91.100
where:
HT = Net heating value of the sample, MJ/scm (Btu/scf), where
the net enthalpy per mole of vent stream is based on
combustion at 25 deg.C and 760 mm Hg (77 deg.F and 30 in.
Hg), but the standard temperature for determining the volume
corresponding to one mole is 20 deg.C (68 deg.F).
K1 = 1.74 x 10-7 (1/ppm) (g-mole/scm) (MJ/kcal)
(metric units), where standard temperature for (g-mole/scm) is
20 deg.C.
= 1.03 x 10-11 (1/ppm) (lb-mole/scf) (Btu/kcal)
(English units) where standard temperature for (lb/mole/scf) is 68
deg.F.
Cj = Concentration on a wet basis of compound j in ppm, as
measured for organics by Method 18 and measured for hydrogen
and carbon monoxide by ASTM D1946-77 or 90 (Reapproved 1994)
(incorporation by reference as specified in Sec. 60.17 of this
part) as indicated in Sec. 60.664(e)(2).
Hj = Net heat of combustion of compound j, kcal/(g-mole)
[kcal/(lb-mole)], based on combustion at 25 deg.C and 760 mm
Hg (77 deg.F and 30 in. Hg).
The heats of combustion of vent stream components would be required
to be determined using ASTM D2382-76 (incorporation by reference as
specified in Sec. 60.17 of this part) if published values are not
available or cannot be calculated.
(5) The emission rate of TOC in the vent stream shall be calculated
using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC16NO91.103
where:
ETOC = Measured emission rate of TOC, kg/hr (lb/hr).
K2 = 2.494 x 10-6 (1/ppm) (g-mole/scm) (kg/g)
(min/hr) (metric units), where standard temperature for (g-
mole/scm) is 20 deg.C.
= 1.557 x 10-7 (1/ppm) (lb-mole/scf) (min/hr) (English
units), where standard temperature for (lb-mole/scf) is 68
deg.F.
Cj = Concentration on a wet basis of compound j in ppm, as
measured by Method 18 as indicated in Sec. 60.664(e)(2).
Mj = Molecular weight of sample j, g/g-mole (lb/lb-mole).
Qs = Vent stream flow rate, scm/min (scf/min), at a
temperature of 20 deg.C (68 deg.F).
(6) The total process vent stream concentration (by volume) of
compounds containing halogens (ppmv, by compound) shall be summed from
the individual concentrations of compounds containing halogens which
were measured by Method 18.
(f) For purposes of complying with Sec. 60.662(c) the owner or
operator of a facility affected by this subpart shall calculate the TRE
index value of the vent stream using the equation for incineration in
paragraph (e)(1) of this section for halogenated vent streams. The owner
or operator of an affected facility with a nonhalogenated vent stream
shall determine the TRE index value by calculating values using both the
incinerator equation in (e)(1) and the flare equation in (e)(2) of this
section and selecting the lower of the two values.
(1) The equation for calculating the TRE index value of a vent
stream controlled by an incinerator is as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC16NO91.104
(i) Where for a vent stream flow rate that is greater than or equal
to 14.2 scm/min (501 scf/min) at a standard temperature of 20 deg.C (68
deg.F):
TRE = TRE index value.
Qs = Vent stream flow rate, scm/min (scf/min), at a
temperature of 20 deg.C (68 deg.F).
HT = Vent stream net heating value, MJ/scm (Btu/scf), where
the net enthalpy per mole of vent stream is based on
combustion at 25 deg.C and 760 mm Hg (68 deg.F and 30
[[Page 146]]
in. Hg), but the standard temperature for determining the
volume corresponding to one mole is 20 deg.C (68 deg.F) as
in the definition of Qs.
Ys = Qs for all vent stream categories listed in
table 1 except for Category E vent streams where Ys
= QsHT/3.6.
ETOC = Hourly emissions of TOC, kg/hr (lb/hr).
a, b, c, d, e, and f are coefficients.
The set of coefficients that apply to a vent stream can be obtained
from table 1.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR17OC00.033
[[Page 147]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR17OC00.034
[[Page 148]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR17OC00.035
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR17OC00.036
(ii) Where for a vent stream flow rate that is less than 14.2 scm/
min (501 scf/min) at a standard temperature of 20 deg.C (68 deg.F):
TRE = TRE index value.
Qs = 14.2 scm/min (501 scf/min).
HT = (FLOW) (HVAL)/Qs.
Where the following inputs are used:
FLOW = Vent stream flow rate, scm/min (scf/min), at a temperature of 20
deg.C (68 deg.F).
HVAL = Vent stream net heating value, MJ/scm (Btu/scf), where the net
enthalpy per mole of vent stream is based on combustion at 25
deg.C and 760 mm Hg (68 deg.F and 30 in. Hg), but the
standard temperature for determining the volume corresponding
to one mole is 20 deg.C (68 deg.F) as in the definition of
Qs.
Ys = Qs for all vent stream categories listed in
table 1 except for Category E vent streams where Ys
= QsHT/3.6.
ETOC = Hourly emissions of TOC, kg/hr (lb/hr).
a, b, c, d, e, and f are coefficients
The set of coefficients that apply to a vent stream can be obtained
from table 1.
[[Page 149]]
(2) The equation for calculating the TRE index value of a vent
stream controlled by a flare is as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC16NO91.105
where:
TRE = TRE index value.
ETOC = Hourly emissions of TOC, kg/hr (lb/hr).
Qs = Vent stream flow rate, scm/min (scf/min), at a standard
temperature of 20 deg.C (68 deg.F).
HT = Vent stream net heating value, MJ/scm (Btu/scf), where
the net enthalpy per mole of vent stream is based on
combustion at 25 deg.C and 760 mm Hg (68 deg.F and 30 in.
Hg), but the standard temperature for determining the volume
corresponding to one mole is 20 deg.C (68 deg.F) as in the
definition of Qs.
a, b, c, d, and e are coefficients.
The set of coefficients that apply to a vent stream shall be
obtained from table 2.
Table 2--Distillation NSPS TRE Coefficients for Vent Streams Controlled By a Flare
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a b c d e
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HT < 11.2 MJ/scm................ 2.25 0.288 ^0.193 ^0.0051 2.08
(HT < 301 Btu/scf).............. (0.140) (0.0367) (^0.000448) (^0.0051) (4.59)
HT 11.2 MJ/scm................. 0.309 0.0619 ^0.0043 ^0.0034 2.08
(HT 301 Btu/scf)............... (0.0193) (0.00788) (^0.0000010) (^0.0034) (4.59)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(g) Each owner or operator of an affected facility seeking to comply
with Sec. 60.660(c)(4) or Sec. 60.662(c) shall recalculate the TRE index
value for that affected facility whenever process changes are made.
Examples of process changes include changes in production capacity,
feedstock type, or catalyst type, or whenever there is replacement,
removal, or addition of recovery equipment. The TRE index value shall be
recalculated based on test data, or on best engineering estimates of the
effects of the change to the recovery system.
(1) Where the recalculated TRE index value is less than or equal to
1.0, the owner or operator shall notify the Administrator within 1 week
of the recalculation and shall conduct a performance test according to
the methods and procedures required by Sec. 60.664 in order to determine
compliance with Sec. 60.662(a). Performance tests must be conducted as
soon as possible after the process change but no later than 180 days
from the time of the process change.
(2) Where the initial TRE index value is greater than 8.0 and the
recalculated TRE index value is less than or equal to 8.0 but greater
than 1.0, the owner or operator shall conduct a performance test in
accordance with Secs. 60.8 and 60.664 and shall comply with
Secs. 60.663, 60.664 and 60.665. Performance tests must be conducted as
soon as possible after the process change but no later than 180 days
from the time of the process change.
(h) Any owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
seeking to demonstrate compliance with Sec. 60.660(c)(6) shall use
Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D as appropriate, for determination of volumetric
flow rate.
[55 FR 26942, June 29, 1990, as amended at 65 FR 61774, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.665 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
(a) Each owner or operator subject to Sec. 60.662 shall notify the
Administrator of the specific provisions of Sec. 60.662 (Sec. 60.662
(a), (b), or (c)) with which the owner or operator has elected to
comply. Notification shall be submitted with the notification of initial
start-up required by Sec. 60.7(a)(3). If an owner or operator elects at
a later date to use an
[[Page 150]]
alternative provision of Sec. 60.662 with which he or she will comply,
then the Administrator shall be notified by the owner or operator 90
days before implementing a change and, upon implementing the change, a
performance test shall be performed as specified by Sec. 60.664 within
180 days.
(b) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall keep an up-to-date, readily accessible record of the following
data measured during each performance test, and also include the
following data in the report of the initial performance test required
under Sec. 60.8. Where a boiler or process heater with a design heat
input capacity of 44 MW (150 million Btu/hour) or greater is used to
comply with Sec. 60.662(a), a report containing performance test data
need not be submitted, but a report containing the information in
Sec. 60.665(b)(2)(i) is required. The same data specified in this
section shall be submitted in the reports of all subsequently required
performance tests where either the emission control efficiency of a
control device, outlet concentration of TOC, or the TRE index value of a
vent stream from a recovery system is determined.
(1) Where an owner or operator subject to the provisions of this
subpart seeks to demonstrate compliance with Sec. 60.662(a) through use
of either a thermal or catalytic incinerator:
(i) The average firebox temperature of the incinerator (or the
average temperature upstream and downstream of the catalyst bed for a
catalytic incinerator), measured at least every 15 minutes and averaged
over the same time period of the performance testing, and
(ii) The percent reduction of TOC determined as specified in
Sec. 60.664(b) achieved by the incinerator, or the concentration of TOC
(ppmv, by compound) determined as specified in Sec. 60.664(b) at the
outlet of the control device on a dry basis corrected to 3 percent
oxygen.
(2) Where an owner or operator subject to the provisions of this
subpart seeks to demonstrate compliance with Sec. 60.662(a) through use
of a boiler or process heater:
(i) A description of the location at which the vent stream is
introduced into the boiler or process heater, and
(ii) The average combustion temperature of the boiler or process
heater with a design heat input capacity of less than 44 MW (150 million
Btu/hr) measured at least every 15 minutes and averaged over the same
time period of the performance testing.
(3) Where an owner or operator subject to the provisions of this
subpart seeks to demonstrate compliance with Sec. 60.662(b) through use
of a smokeless flare, flare design (i.e., steam-assisted, air-assisted
or nonassisted), all visible emission readings, heat content
determinations, flow rate measurements, and exit velocity determinations
made during the performance test, continuous records of the flare pilot
flame monitoring, and records of all periods of operations during which
the pilot flame is absent.
(4) Where an owner or operator subject to the provisions of this
subpart seeks to demonstrate compliance with Sec. 60.662(c):
(i) Where an absorber is the final recovery device in the recovery
system, the exit specific gravity (or alternative parameter which is a
measure of the degree of absorbing liquid saturation, if approved by the
Administrator), and average exit temperature, of the absorbing liquid
measured at least every 15 minutes and averaged over the same time
period of the performance testing (both measured while the vent stream
is normally routed and constituted), or
(ii) Where a condenser is the final recovery device in the recovery
system, the average exit (product side) temperature measured at least
every 15 minutes and averaged over the same time period of the
performance testing while the vent stream is routed and constituted
normally, or
(iii) Where a carbon adsorber is the final recovery device in the
recovery system, the total steam mass flow measured at least every 15
minutes and averaged over the same time period of the performance test
(full carbon bed cycle), temperature of the carbon bed after
regeneration (and within 15 minutes of completion of any cooling
cycle(s)), and duration of the carbon bed steaming cycle (all measured
while the vent stream is routed and constituted normally), or
[[Page 151]]
(iv) As an alternative to Sec. 60.665(b)(4) ((i), (ii) or (iii), the
concentration level or reading indicated by the organics monitoring
device at the outlet of the absorber, condenser, or carbon adsorber,
measured at least every 15 minutes and averaged over the same time
period of the performance testing while the vent stream is normally
routed and constituted.
(v) All measurements and calculations performed to determine the TRE
index value of the vent stream.
(c) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall keep up-to-date, readily accessible continuous records of the
equipment operating parameters specified to be monitored under
Sec. 60.663 (a) and (c) as well as up-to-date, readily accessible
records of periods of operation during which the parameter boundaries
established during the most recent performance test are exceeded. The
Administrator may at any time require a report of these data. Where a
combustion device is used to comply with Sec. 60.662(a), periods of
operation during which the parameter boundaries established during the
most recent performance tests are exceeded are defined as follows:
(1) For thermal incinerators, all 3-hour periods of operation during
which the average combustion temperature was more than 28 deg.C (50
deg.F) below the average combustion temperature during the most recent
performance test at which compliance with Sec. 60.662(a) was determined.
(2) For catalytic incinerators, all 3-hour periods of operation
during which the average temperature of the vent stream immediately
before the catalyst bed is more than 28 deg.C (50 deg.F) below the
average temperature of the vent stream during the most recent
performance test at which compliance with Sec. 60.662(a) was determined.
The owner or operator also shall record all 3-hour periods of operation
during which the average temperature difference across the catalyst bed
is less than 80 percent of the average temperature difference of the
device during the most recent performance test at which compliance with
Sec. 60.662(a) was determined.
(3) All 3-hour periods of operation during which the average
combustion temperature was more than 28 deg.C (50 deg.F) below the
average combustion temperature during the most recent performance test
at which compliance with Sec. 60.662(a) was determined for boilers or
process heaters with a design heat input capacity of less than 44 MW
(150 million Btu/hr).
(4) For boilers or process heaters, whenever there is a change in
the location at which the vent stream is introduced into the flame zone
as required under Sec. 60.662(a).
(d) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall keep up to date, readily accessible continuous records of the flow
indication specified under Sec. 60.663(a)(2), Sec. 60.663(b)(2) and
Sec. 60.663(c)(1), as well as up-to-date, readily accessible records of
all periods when the vent stream is diverted from the control device or
has no flow rate.
(e) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
who uses a boiler or process heater with a design heat input capacity of
44 MW (150 million Btu/hour) or greater to comply with Sec. 60.662(a)
shall keep an up-to-date, readily accessible record of all periods of
operation of the boiler or process heater. (Examples of such records
could include records of steam use, fuel use, or monitoring data
collected pursuant to other State or Federal regulatory requirements.)
(f) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall keep up-to-date, readily accessible continuous records of the
flare pilot flame monitoring specified under Sec. 60.663(b), as well as
up-to-date, readily accessible records of all periods of operations in
which the pilot flame is absent.
(g) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall keep up-to-date, readily accessible continuous records of the
equipment operating parameters specified to be monitored under
Sec. 60.663(e), as well as up-to-date, readily accessible records of
periods of operation during which the parameter boundaries established
during the most recent performance test are exceeded. The Administrator
may at any time require a report of these data. Where an owner or
operator seeks to
[[Page 152]]
comply with Sec. 60.662(c), periods of operation during which the
parameter boundaries established during the most recent performance
tests are exceeded are defined as follows:
(1) Where an absorber is the final recovery device in a recovery
system, and where an organic compound monitoring device is not used:
(i) All 3-hour periods of operation during which the average
absorbing liquid temperature was more than 11 deg.C (20 deg.F) above
the average absorbing liquid temperature during the most recent
performance test, or
(ii) All 3-hour periods of operation during which the average
absorbing liquid specific gravity was more than 0.1 unit above, or more
than 0.1 unit below, the average absorbing liquid specific gravity
during the most recent performance test (unless monitoring of an
alternative parameter, which is a measure of the degree of absorbing
liquid saturation, is approved by the Administrator, in which case he
will define appropriate parameter boundaries and periods of operation
during which they are exceeded).
(2) Where a condenser is the final recovery device in a system, and
where an organic compound monitoring device is not used, all 3-hour
periods of operation during which the average exit (product side)
condenser operating temperature was more than 6 deg.C (1 1 deg.F)
above the average exit (product side) operating temperature during the
most recent performance test.
(3) Where a carbon adsorber is the final recovery device in a
system, and where an organic compound monitoring device is not used:
(i) All carbon bed regeneration cycles during which the total mass
steam flow was more than 10 percent below the total mass steam flow
during the most recent performance test, or
(ii) All carbon bed regeneration cycles during which the temperature
of the carbon bed after regeneration (and after completion of any
cooling cycle(s)) was more than 10 percent greater than the carbon bed
temperature (in degrees Celsius) during the most recent performance
test.
(4) Where an absorber, condenser, or carbon adsorber is the final
recovery device in the recovery system and where an organic compound
monitoring device is used, all 3-hour periods of operation during which
the average organic compound concentration level or reading of organic
compounds in the exhaust gases is more than 20 percent greater than the
exhaust gas organic compound concentration level or reading measured by
the monitoring device during the most recent performance test.
(h) Each owner or operator of an affected facility subject to the
provisions of this subpart and seeking to demonstrate compliance with
Sec. 60.662(c) shall keep up-to-date, readily accessible records of:
(1) Any changes in production capacity, feedstock type, or catalyst
type, or of any replacement, removal or addition of recovery equipment
or a distillation unit;
(2) Any recalculation of the TRE index value performed pursuant to
Sec. 60.664(g); and
(3) The results of any performance test performed pursuant to the
methods and procedures required by Sec. 60.664(e).
(i) Each owner or operator of an affected facility that seeks to
comply with the requirements of this subpart by complying with the flow
rate cutoff in Sec. 60.660(c)(6) shall keep up-to-date, readily
accessible records to indicate that the vent stream flow rate is less
than 0.008 scm/min (0.3 scf/min) and of any change in equipment or
process operation that increases the operating vent stream flow rate,
including a measurement of the new vent stream flow rate.
(j) Each owner or operator of an affected facility that seeks to
comply with the requirements of this subpart by complying with the
design production capacity provision in Sec. 60.660(c)(5) shall keep up-
to-date, readily accessible records of any change in equipment or
process operation that increases the design production capacity of the
process unit in which the affected facility is located.
(k) Each owner and operator subject to the provisions of this
subpart is exempt from the quarterly reporting requirements contained in
Sec. 60.7(c) of the General Provisions.
[[Page 153]]
(l) Each owner or operator that seeks to comply with the
requirements of this subpart by complying with the requirements of
Sec. 60.660 (c)(4), (c)(5), or (c)(6) or Sec. 60.662 shall submit to the
Administrator semiannual reports of the following recorded information.
The initial report shall be submitted within 6 months after the initial
start-up date.
(1) Exceedances of monitored parameters recorded under Sec. 60.665
(c) and (g).
(2) All periods recorded under Sec. 60.665(d) when the vent stream
is diverted from the control device or has no flow rate.
(3) All periods recorded under Sec. 60.665(e) when the boiler or
process heater was not operating.
(4) All periods recorded under Sec. 60.665(f) in which the pilot
flame of the flare was absent.
(5) Any change in equipment or process operation that increases the
operating vent stream flow rate above the low flow exemption level in
Sec. 60.660(c)(6), including a measurement of the new vent stream flow
rate, as recorded under Sec. 60.665(i). These must be reported as soon
as possible after the change and no later than 180 days after the
change. These reports may be submitted either in conjunction with
semiannual reports or as a single separate report. A performance test
must be completed with the same time period to verify the recalculated
flow value and to obtain the vent stream characteristics of heating
value and ETOC. The performance test is subject to the
requirements of Sec. 60.8 of the General Provisions. Unless the facility
qualifies for an exemption under the low capacity exemption status in
Sec. 60.660(c)(5), the facility must begin compliance with the
requirements set forth in Sec. 60.662.
(6) Any change in equipment or process operation, as recorded under
paragraph (j) of this section, that increases the design production
capacity above the low capacity exemption level in Sec. 60.660(c)(5) and
the new capacity resulting from the change for the distillation process
unit containing the affected facility. These must be reported as soon as
possible after the change and no later than 180 days after the change.
These reports may be submitted either in conjunction with semiannual
reports or as a single separate report. A performance test must be
completed within the same time period to obtain the vent stream flow
rate, heating value, and ETOC. The performance test is
subject to the requirements of Sec. 60.8. The facility must begin
compliance with the requirements set forth in Sec. 60.660(d) or
Sec. 60.662. If the facility chooses to comply with Sec. 60.662, the
facility may qualify for an exemption in Sec. 60.660(c)(4) or (6).
(7) Any recalculation of the TRE index value, as recorded under
Sec. 60.665(h).
(m) The requirements of Sec. 60.665(l) remain in force until and
unless EPA, in delegating enforcement authority to a State under section
111(c) of the Act, approves reporting requirements or an alternative
means of compliance surveillance adopted by such State. In that event,
affected sources within the State will be relieved of the obligation to
comply with Sec. 60.665(l), provided that they comply with the
requirements established by the State.
(n) Each owner or operator that seeks to demonstrate compliance with
Sec. 60.660(c)(5) must submit to the Administrator an initial report
detailing the design production capacity of the process unit.
(o) Each owner or operator that seeks to demonstrate compliance with
Sec. 60.660(c)(6) must submit to the Administrator an initial report
including a flow rate measurement using the test methods specified in
Sec. 60.664.
(p) The Administrator will specify appropriate reporting and
recordkeeping requirements where the owner or operator of an affected
facility complies with the standards specified under Sec. 60.662 other
than as provided under Sec. 60.663(a), (b), (c) and (d).
[55 FR 26922, June 29, 1990; 55 FR 36932, Sept. 7, 1990, as amended at
60 FR 58237, Nov. 27, 1995; 65 FR 61778, Oct. 17, 2000; 65 FR 78279,
Dec. 14, 2000; 79 FR 11251, Feb. 27, 2014]
Sec. 60.666 Reconstruction.
For purposes of this subpart ``fixed capital cost of the new
components,'' as used in Sec. 60.15, includes the fixed capital cost of
all depreciable components which are or will be replaced pursuant
[[Page 154]]
to all continuous programs of component replacement which are commenced
within any 2-year period following December 30, 1983. For purposes of
this paragraph, ``commenced'' means that an owner or operator has
undertaken a continuous program of component replacement or that an
owner or operator has entered into a contractual obligation to undertake
and complete, within a reasonable time, a continuous program of
component replacement.
Sec. 60.667 Chemicals affected by subpart NNN.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chemical name CAS No.*
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acetaldehyde............................................... 75-07-0
Acetaldol.................................................. 107-89-1
Acetic acid................................................ 64-19-7
Acetic anhydride........................................... 108-24-7
Acetone.................................................... 67-64-1
Acetone cyanohydrin........................................ 75-86-5
Acetylene.................................................. 74-86-2
Acrylic acid............................................... 79-10-7
Acrylonitrile.............................................. 107-13-1
Adipic acid................................................ 124-04-9
Adiponitrile............................................... 111-69-3
Alcohols, C-11 or lower, mixtures..........................
Alcohols, C-12 or higher, mixtures.........................
Allyl chloride............................................. 107-05-1
Amylene.................................................... 513-35-9
Amylenes, mixed............................................
Aniline.................................................... 62-53-3
Benzene.................................................... 71-43-2
Benzenesulfonic acid....................................... 98-11-3
Benzenesulfonic acid C10-16-alkyl derivatives, sodium salts 68081-81-2
Benzoic acid, tech......................................... 65-85-0
Benzyl chloride............................................ 100-44-7
Biphenyl................................................... 92-52-4
Bisphenol A................................................ 80-05-7
Brometone.................................................. 76-08-4
1,3-Butadiene.............................................. 106-99-0
Butadiene and butene fractions.............................
n-Butane................................................... 106-97-8
1,4-Butanediol............................................. 110-63-4
Butanes, mixed.............................................
1-Butene................................................... 106-98-9
2-Butene................................................... 25167-67-3
Butenes, mixed.............................................
n-Butyl acetate............................................ 123-86-4
Butyl acrylate............................................. 141-32-2
n-Butyl alcohol............................................ 71-36-3
sec-Butyl alcohol.......................................... 78-92-2
tert-Butyl alcohol......................................... 75-65-0
Butylbenzyl phthalate...................................... 85-68-7
Butylene glycol............................................ 107-88-0
tert-Butyl hydroperoxide................................... 75-91-2
2-Butyne-1,4-diol.......................................... 110-65-6
Butyraldehyde.............................................. 123-72-8
Butyric anhydride.......................................... 106-31-0
Caprolactam................................................ 105-60-2
Carbon disulfide........................................... 75-15-0
Carbon tetrabromide........................................ 558-13-4
Carbon tetrachloride....................................... 56-23-5
Chlorobenzene.............................................. 108-90-7
2-Chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine...... 1912-24-9
Chloroform................................................. 67-66-3
p-Chloronitrobenzene....................................... 100-00-5
Chloroprene................................................ 126-99-8
Citric acid................................................ 77-92-9
Crotonaldehyde............................................. 4170-30-0
Crotonic acid.............................................. 3724-65-0
Cumene..................................................... 98-82-8
Cumene hydroperoxide....................................... 80-15-9
Cyanuric chloride.......................................... 108-77-0
Cyclohexane................................................ 110-82-7
Cyclohexane, oxidized...................................... 68512-15-2
Cyclohexanol............................................... 108-93-0
Cyclohexanone.............................................. 108-94-1
Cyclohexanone oxime........................................ 100-64-1
Cyclohexene................................................ 110-83-8
1,3-Cyclopentadiene........................................ 542-92-7
Cyclopropane............................................... 75-19-4
Diacetone alcohol.......................................... 123-42-2
Dibutanized aromatic concentrate...........................
1,4-Dichlorobutene......................................... 110-57-6
3,4-Dichloro-1-butene...................................... 64037-54-3
Dichlorodifluoromethane.................................... 75-71-8
Dichlorodimethylsilane..................................... 75-78-5
Dichlorofluoromethane...................................... 75-43-4
-Dichlorohydrin........................................ 96-23-1
Diethanolamine............................................. 111-42-2
Diethylbenzene............................................. 25340-17-4
Diethylene glycol.......................................... 111-46-6
Di-n-heptyl-n-nonyl undecyl phthalate...................... 85-68-7
Di-isodecyl phthalate...................................... 26761-40-0
Diisononyl phthalate....................................... 28553-12-0
Dimethylamine.............................................. 124-40-3
Dimethyl terephthalate..................................... 120-61-6
2,4-Dinitrotoluene......................................... 121-14-2
2,4-(and 2,6)-dinitrotoluene............................... 121-14-2
606-20-2
Dioctyl phthalate.......................................... 117-81-7
Dodecene................................................... 25378-22-7
Dodecylbenzene, non linear.................................
Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid................................ 27176-87-0
Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt................... 25155-30-0
Epichlorohydrin............................................ 106-89-8
Ethanol.................................................... 64-17-5
Ethanolamine............................................... 141-43-5
Ethyl acetate.............................................. 141-78-6
Ethyl acrylate............................................. 140-88-5
Ethylbenzene............................................... 100-41-4
Ethyl chloride............................................. 75-00-3
Ethyl cyanide.............................................. 107-12-0
Ethylene................................................... 74-85-1
Ethylene dibromide......................................... 106-93-4
Ethylene dichloride........................................ 107-06-2
Ethylene glycol............................................ 107-21-1
Ethylene glycol monobutyl.................................. 111-76-2
Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether............................ 110-80-5
Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate.................... 111-15-9
Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether........................... 109-86-4
Ethylene oxide............................................. 75-21-8
2-Ethylhexanal............................................. 26266-68-2
2-Ethylhexyl alcohol....................................... 104-76-7
(2-Ethylhexyl) amine....................................... 104-75-6
Ethylmethylbenzene......................................... 25550-14-5
6-Ethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro 9,10-anthracenedione............ 15547-17-8
Formaldehyde............................................... 50-00-0
Glycerol................................................... 56-81-5
n-Heptane.................................................. 142-82-5
Heptenes (mixed)...........................................
Hexadecyl chloride.........................................
Hexamethylene diamine...................................... 124-09-4
Hexamethylene diamine adipate.............................. 3323-53-3
Hexamethylenetetramine..................................... 100-97-0
Hexane..................................................... 110-54-3
2-Hexenedinitrile.......................................... 13042-02-9
3-Hexenedinitrile.......................................... 1119-85-3
Hydrogen cyanide........................................... 74-90-8
Isobutane.................................................. 75-28-5
[[Page 155]]
Isobutanol................................................. 78-83-1
Isobutylene................................................ 115-11-7
Isobutyraldehyde........................................... 78-84-2
Isodecyl alcohol........................................... 25339-17-7
Isooctyl alcohol........................................... 26952-21-6
Isopentane................................................. 78-78-4
Isophthalic acid........................................... 121-91-5
Isoprene................................................... 78-79-5
Isopropanol................................................ 67-63-0
Ketene..................................................... 463-51-4
Linear alcohols, ethoxylated, mixed........................
Linear alcohols, ethoxylated, and sulfated, sodium salt,
mixed.....................................................
Linear alcohols, sulfated, sodium salt, mixed..............
Linear alkylbenzene........................................ 123-01-3
Magnesium acetate.......................................... 142-72-3
Maleic anhydride........................................... 108-31-6
Melamine................................................... 108-78-1
Mesityl oxide.............................................. 141-79-7
Methacrylonitrile.......................................... 126-98-7
Methanol................................................... 67-56-1
Methylamine................................................ 74-89-5
ar-Methylbenzenediamine.................................... 25376-45-8
Methyl chloride............................................ 74-87-3
Methylene chloride......................................... 75-09-2
Methyl ethyl ketone........................................ 78-93-3
Methyl iodide.............................................. 74-88-4
Methyl isobutyl ketone..................................... 108-10-1
Methyl methacrylate........................................ 80-62-6
2-Methylpentane............................................ 107-83-5
1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone..................................... 872-50-4
Methyl tert-butyl ether....................................
Naphthalene................................................ 91-20-3
Nitrobenzene............................................... 98-95-3
1-Nonene................................................... 27215-95-8
Nonyl alcohol.............................................. 143-08-8
Nonylphenol................................................ 25154-52-3
Nonylphenol, ethoxylated................................... 9016-45-9
Octene..................................................... 25377-83-7
Oil-soluble petroleum sulfonate, calcium salt..............
Oil-soluble petroleum sulfonate, sodium salt...............
Pentaerythritol............................................ 115-77-5
n-Pentane.................................................. 109-66-0
3-Pentenenitrile........................................... 4635-87-4
Pentenes, mixed............................................ 109-67-1
Perchloroethylene.......................................... 127-18-4
Phenol..................................................... 108-95-2
1-Phenylethyl hydroperoxide................................ 3071-32-7
Phenylpropane.............................................. 103-65-1
Phosgene................................................... 75-44-5
Phthalic anhydride......................................... 85-44-9
Propane.................................................... 74-98-6
Propionaldehyde............................................ 123-38-6
Propionic acid............................................. 79-09-4
Propyl alcohol............................................. 71-23-8
Propylene.................................................. 115-07-1
Propylene chlorohydrin..................................... 78-89-7
Propylene glycol........................................... 57-55-6
Propylene oxide............................................ 75-56-9
Sodium cyanide............................................. 143-33-9
Sorbitol................................................... 50-70-4
Styrene.................................................... 100-42-5
Terephthalic acid.......................................... 100-21-0
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane.................................. 79-34-5
Tetraethyl lead............................................ 78-00-2
Tetrahydrofuran............................................ 109-99-9
Tetra (methyl-ethyl) lead..................................
Tetramethyl lead........................................... 75-74-1
Toluene.................................................... 108-88-3
Toluene-2,4-diamine........................................ 95-80-7
Toluene-2,4-(and, 2,6)-diisocyanate (80/20 mixture)........ 26471-62-5
Tribromomethane............................................ 75-25-2
1,1,1-Trichloroethane...................................... 71-55-6
1,1,2-Trichloroethane...................................... 79-00-5
Trichloroethylene.......................................... 79-01-6
Trichlorofluoromethane..................................... 75-69-4
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane...................... 76-13-1
Triethanolamine............................................ 102-71-6
Triethylene glycol......................................... 112-27-6
Vinyl acetate.............................................. 108-05-4
Vinyl chloride............................................. 75-01-4
Vinylidene chloride........................................ 75-35-4
m-Xylene................................................... 108-38-3
o-Xylene................................................... 95-47-6
p-Xylene................................................... 106-42-3
Xylenes (mixed)............................................ 1330-20-7
m-Xylenol.................................................. 576-26-1
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* CAS numbers refer to the Chemical Abstracts Registry numbers assigned
to specific chemicals, isomers, or mixtures of chemicals. Some isomers
or mixtures that are covered by the standards do not have CAS numbers
assigned to them. The standards apply to all of the chemicals listed,
whether CAS numbers have been assigned or not.
[55 FR 26942, June 29, 1990, as amended at 60 FR 58237, 58238, Nov. 27,
1995]
Sec. 60.668 Delegation of authority.
(a) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority to a
State under Sec. 111(c) of the Act, the authorities contained in
paragraph (b) of this section shall be retained by the Administrator and
not transferred to a State.
(b) Authorities which will not be delegated to States:
Sec. 60.663(e).
Subpart OOO_Standards of Performance for Nonmetallic Mineral Processing
Plants
Source: 74 FR 19309, Apr. 28, 2009, unless otherwise noted.
Sec. 60.670 Applicability and designation of affected facility.
(a)(1) Except as provided in paragraphs (a)(2), (b), (c), and (d) of
this section, the provisions of this subpart are applicable to the
following affected facilities in fixed or portable nonmetallic mineral
processing plants: each crusher, grinding mill, screening operation,
bucket elevator, belt conveyor, bagging operation, storage bin, enclosed
truck or railcar loading station. Also, crushers and grinding mills at
hot mix asphalt facilities that reduce the size of nonmetallic minerals
embedded in recycled asphalt pavement and subsequent affected facilities
up to, but not including, the first storage silo or bin are subject to
the provisions of this subpart.
[[Page 156]]
(2) The provisions of this subpart do not apply to the following
operations: All facilities located in underground mines; plants without
crushers or grinding mills above ground; and wet material processing
operations (as defined in Sec. 60.671).
(b) An affected facility that is subject to the provisions of
subparts F or I of this part or that follows in the plant process any
facility subject to the provisions of subparts F or I of this part is
not subject to the provisions of this subpart.
(c) Facilities at the following plants are not subject to the
provisions of this subpart:
(1) Fixed sand and gravel plants and crushed stone plants with
capacities, as defined in Sec. 60.671, of 23 megagrams per hour (25 tons
per hour) or less;
(2) Portable sand and gravel plants and crushed stone plants with
capacities, as defined in Sec. 60.671, of 136 megagrams per hour (150
tons per hour) or less; and
(3) Common clay plants and pumice plants with capacities, as defined
in Sec. 60.671, of 9 megagrams per hour (10 tons per hour) or less.
(d)(1) When an existing facility is replaced by a piece of equipment
of equal or smaller size, as defined in Sec. 60.671, having the same
function as the existing facility, and there is no increase in the
amount of emissions, the new facility is exempt from the provisions of
Secs. 60.672, 60.674, and 60.675 except as provided for in paragraph
(d)(3) of this section.
(2) An owner or operator complying with paragraph (d)(1) of this
section shall submit the information required in Sec. 60.676(a).
(3) An owner or operator replacing all existing facilities in a
production line with new facilities does not qualify for the exemption
described in paragraph (d)(1) of this section and must comply with the
provisions of Secs. 60.672, 60.674 and 60.675.
(e) An affected facility under paragraph (a) of this section that
commences construction, modification, or reconstruction after August 31,
1983, is subject to the requirements of this part.
(f) Table 1 of this subpart specifies the provisions of subpart A of
this part 60 that do not apply to owners and operators of affected
facilities subject to this subpart or that apply with certain
exceptions.
Sec. 60.671 Definitions.
All terms used in this subpart, but not specifically defined in this
section, shall have the meaning given them in the Act and in subpart A
of this part.
Bagging operation means the mechanical process by which bags are
filled with nonmetallic minerals.
Belt conveyor means a conveying device that transports material from
one location to another by means of an endless belt that is carried on a
series of idlers and routed around a pulley at each end.
Bucket elevator means a conveying device of nonmetallic minerals
consisting of a head and foot assembly which supports and drives an
endless single or double strand chain or belt to which buckets are
attached.
Building means any frame structure with a roof.
Capacity means the cumulative rated capacity of all initial crushers
that are part of the plant.
Capture system means the equipment (including enclosures, hoods,
ducts, fans, dampers, etc.) used to capture and transport particulate
matter generated by one or more affected facilities to a control device.
Control device means the air pollution control equipment used to
reduce particulate matter emissions released to the atmosphere from one
or more affected facilities at a nonmetallic mineral processing plant.
Conveying system means a device for transporting materials from one
piece of equipment or location to another location within a plant.
Conveying systems include but are not limited to the following: Feeders,
belt conveyors, bucket elevators and pneumatic systems.
Crush or Crushing means to reduce the size of nonmetallic mineral
material by means of physical impaction of the crusher or grinding mill
upon the material.
Crusher means a machine used to crush any nonmetallic minerals, and
[[Page 157]]
includes, but is not limited to, the following types: Jaw, gyratory,
cone, roll, rod mill, hammermill, and impactor.
Enclosed truck or railcar loading station means that portion of a
nonmetallic mineral processing plant where nonmetallic minerals are
loaded by an enclosed conveying system into enclosed trucks or railcars.
Fixed plant means any nonmetallic mineral processing plant at which
the processing equipment specified in Sec. 60.670(a) is attached by a
cable, chain, turnbuckle, bolt or other means (except electrical
connections) to any anchor, slab, or structure including bedrock.
Fugitive emission means particulate matter that is not collected by
a capture system and is released to the atmosphere at the point of
generation.
Grinding mill means a machine used for the wet or dry fine crushing
of any nonmetallic mineral. Grinding mills include, but are not limited
to, the following types: Hammer, roller, rod, pebble and ball, and fluid
energy. The grinding mill includes the air conveying system, air
separator, or air classifier, where such systems are used.
Initial crusher means any crusher into which nonmetallic minerals
can be fed without prior crushing in the plant.
Nonmetallic mineral means any of the following minerals or any
mixture of which the majority is any of the following minerals:
(1) Crushed and Broken Stone, including Limestone, Dolomite,
Granite, Traprock, Sandstone, Quartz, Quartzite, Marl, Marble, Slate,
Shale, Oil Shale, and Shell.
(2) Sand and Gravel.
(3) Clay including Kaolin, Fireclay, Bentonite, Fuller's Earth, Ball
Clay, and Common Clay.
(4) Rock Salt.
(5) Gypsum (natural or synthetic).
(6) Sodium Compounds, including Sodium Carbonate, Sodium Chloride,
and Sodium Sulfate.
(7) Pumice.
(8) Gilsonite.
(9) Talc and Pyrophyllite.
(10) Boron, including Borax, Kernite, and Colemanite.
(11) Barite.
(12) Fluorospar.
(13) Feldspar.
(14) Diatomite.
(15) Perlite.
(16) Vermiculite.
(17) Mica.
(18) Kyanite, including Andalusite, Sillimanite, Topaz, and
Dumortierite.
Nonmetallic mineral processing plant means any combination of
equipment that is used to crush or grind any nonmetallic mineral
wherever located, including lime plants, power plants, steel mills,
asphalt concrete plants, portland cement plants, or any other facility
processing nonmetallic minerals except as provided in Sec. 60.670 (b)
and (c).
Portable plant means any nonmetallic mineral processing plant that
is mounted on any chassis or skids and may be moved by the application
of a lifting or pulling force. In addition, there shall be no cable,
chain, turnbuckle, bolt or other means (except electrical connections)
by which any piece of equipment is attached or clamped to any anchor,
slab, or structure, including bedrock that must be removed prior to the
application of a lifting or pulling force for the purpose of
transporting the unit.
Production line means all affected facilities (crushers, grinding
mills, screening operations, bucket elevators, belt conveyors, bagging
operations, storage bins, and enclosed truck and railcar loading
stations) which are directly connected or are connected together by a
conveying system.
Saturated material means, for purposes of this subpart, mineral
material with sufficient surface moisture such that particulate matter
emissions are not generated from processing of the material through
screening operations, bucket elevators and belt conveyors. Material that
is wetted solely by wet suppression systems is not considered to be
``saturated'' for purposes of this definition.
Screening operation means a device for separating material according
to size by passing undersize material through one or more mesh surfaces
(screens) in series, and retaining oversize material on the mesh
surfaces (screens). Grizzly feeders associated with truck dumping and
static (non-moving) grizzlies used anywhere in the nonmetallic mineral
processing plant are not considered to be screening operations.
[[Page 158]]
Seasonal shut down means shut down of an affected facility for a
period of at least 45 consecutive days due to weather or seasonal market
conditions.
Size means the rated capacity in tons per hour of a crusher,
grinding mill, bucket elevator, bagging operation, or enclosed truck or
railcar loading station; the total surface area of the top screen of a
screening operation; the width of a conveyor belt; and the rated
capacity in tons of a storage bin.
Stack emission means the particulate matter that is released to the
atmosphere from a capture system.
Storage bin means a facility for storage (including surge bins) of
nonmetallic minerals prior to further processing or loading.
Transfer point means a point in a conveying operation where the
nonmetallic mineral is transferred to or from a belt conveyor except
where the nonmetallic mineral is being transferred to a stockpile.
Truck dumping means the unloading of nonmetallic minerals from
movable vehicles designed to transport nonmetallic minerals from one
location to another. Movable vehicles include but are not limited to:
Trucks, front end loaders, skip hoists, and railcars.
Vent means an opening through which there is mechanically induced
air flow for the purpose of exhausting from a building air carrying
particulate matter emissions from one or more affected facilities.
Wet material processing operation(s) means any of the following:
(1) Wet screening operations (as defined in this section) and
subsequent screening operations, bucket elevators and belt conveyors in
the production line that process saturated materials (as defined in this
section) up to the first crusher, grinding mill or storage bin in the
production line; or
(2) Screening operations, bucket elevators and belt conveyors in the
production line downstream of wet mining operations (as defined in this
section) that process saturated materials (as defined in this section)
up to the first crusher, grinding mill or storage bin in the production
line.
Wet mining operation means a mining or dredging operation designed
and operated to extract any nonmetallic mineral regulated under this
subpart from deposits existing at or below the water table, where the
nonmetallic mineral is saturated with water.
Wet screening operation means a screening operation at a nonmetallic
mineral processing plant which removes unwanted material or which
separates marketable fines from the product by a washing process which
is designed and operated at all times such that the product is saturated
with water.
Sec. 60.672 Standard for particulate matter (PM).
(a) Affected facilities must meet the stack emission limits and
compliance requirements in Table 2 of this subpart within 60 days after
achieving the maximum production rate at which the affected facility
will be operated, but not later than 180 days after initial startup as
required under Sec. 60.8. The requirements in Table 2 of this subpart
apply for affected facilities with capture systems used to capture and
transport particulate matter to a control device.
(b) Affected facilities must meet the fugitive emission limits and
compliance requirements in Table 3 of this subpart within 60 days after
achieving the maximum production rate at which the affected facility
will be operated, but not later than 180 days after initial startup as
required under Sec. 60.11. The requirements in Table 3 of this subpart
apply for fugitive emissions from affected facilities without capture
systems and for fugitive emissions escaping capture systems.
(c) [Reserved]
(d) Truck dumping of nonmetallic minerals into any screening
operation, feed hopper, or crusher is exempt from the requirements of
this section.
(e) If any transfer point on a conveyor belt or any other affected
facility is enclosed in a building, then each enclosed affected facility
must comply with the emission limits in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this
section, or the building enclosing the affected facility or facilities
must comply with the following emission limits:
(1) Fugitive emissions from the building openings (except for vents
as defined in Sec. 60.671) must not exceed 7 percent opacity; and
[[Page 159]]
(2) Vents (as defined in Sec. 60.671) in the building must meet the
applicable stack emission limits and compliance requirements in Table 2
of this subpart.
(f) Any baghouse that controls emissions from only an individual,
enclosed storage bin is exempt from the applicable stack PM
concentration limit (and associated performance testing) in Table 2 of
this subpart but must meet the applicable stack opacity limit and
compliance requirements in Table 2 of this subpart. This exemption from
the stack PM concentration limit does not apply for multiple storage
bins with combined stack emissions.
Sec. 60.673 Reconstruction.
(a) The cost of replacement of ore-contact surfaces on processing
equipment shall not be considered in calculating either the ``fixed
capital cost of the new components'' or the ``fixed capital cost that
would be required to construct a comparable new facility'' under
Sec. 60.15. Ore-contact surfaces are crushing surfaces; screen meshes,
bars, and plates; conveyor belts; and elevator buckets.
(b) Under Sec. 60.15, the ``fixed capital cost of the new
components'' includes the fixed capital cost of all depreciable
components (except components specified in paragraph (a) of this
section) which are or will be replaced pursuant to all continuous
programs of component replacement commenced within any 2-year period
following August 31, 1983.
Sec. 60.674 Monitoring of operations.
(a) The owner or operator of any affected facility subject to the
provisions of this subpart which uses a wet scrubber to control
emissions shall install, calibrate, maintain and operate the following
monitoring devices:
(1) A device for the continuous measurement of the pressure loss of
the gas stream through the scrubber. The monitoring device must be
certified by the manufacturer to be accurate within [250 pascals [1 inch
water gauge pressure and must be calibrated on an annual basis in
accordance with manufacturer's instructions.
(2) A device for the continuous measurement of the scrubbing liquid
flow rate to the wet scrubber. The monitoring device must be certified
by the manufacturer to be accurate within [5 percent of design scrubbing
liquid flow rate and must be calibrated on an annual basis in accordance
with manufacturer's instructions.
(b) The owner or operator of any affected facility for which
construction, modification, or reconstruction commenced on or after
April 22, 2008, that uses wet suppression to control emissions from the
affected facility must perform monthly periodic inspections to check
that water is flowing to discharge spray nozzles in the wet suppression
system. The owner or operator must initiate corrective action within 24
hours and complete corrective action as expediently as practical if the
owner or operator finds that water is not flowing properly during an
inspection of the water spray nozzles. The owner or operator must record
each inspection of the water spray nozzles, including the date of each
inspection and any corrective actions taken, in the logbook required
under Sec. 60.676(b).
(1) If an affected facility relies on water carryover from upstream
water sprays to control fugitive emissions, then that affected facility
is exempt from the 5-year repeat testing requirement specified in Table
3 of this subpart provided that the affected facility meets the criteria
in paragraphs (b)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section:
(i) The owner or operator of the affected facility conducts periodic
inspections of the upstream water spray(s) that are responsible for
controlling fugitive emissions from the affected facility. These
inspections are conducted according to paragraph (b) of this section and
Sec. 60.676(b), and
(ii) The owner or operator of the affected facility designates which
upstream water spray(s) will be periodically inspected at the time of
the initial performance test required under Sec. 60.11 of this part and
Sec. 60.675 of this subpart.
(2) If an affected facility that routinely uses wet suppression
water sprays ceases operation of the water sprays or is using a control
mechanism to reduce fugitive emissions other than
[[Page 160]]
water sprays during the monthly inspection (for example, water from
recent rainfall), the logbook entry required under Sec. 60.676(b) must
specify the control mechanism being used instead of the water sprays.
(c) Except as specified in paragraph (d) or (e) of this section, the
owner or operator of any affected facility for which construction,
modification, or reconstruction commenced on or after April 22, 2008,
that uses a baghouse to control emissions must conduct quarterly 30-
minute visible emissions inspections using EPA Method 22 (40 CFR part
60, appendix A-7). The Method 22 (40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7) test
shall be conducted while the baghouse is operating. The test is
successful if no visible emissions are observed. If any visible
emissions are observed, the owner or operator of the affected facility
must initiate corrective action within 24 hours to return the baghouse
to normal operation. The owner or operator must record each Method 22
(40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7) test, including the date and any
corrective actions taken, in the logbook required under Sec. 60.676(b).
The owner or operator of the affected facility may establish a different
baghouse-specific success level for the visible emissions test (other
than no visible emissions) by conducting a PM performance test according
to Sec. 60.675(b) simultaneously with a Method 22 (40 CFR part 60,
appendix A-7) to determine what constitutes normal visible emissions
from that affected facility's baghouse when it is in compliance with the
applicable PM concentration limit in Table 2 of this subpart. The
revised visible emissions success level must be incorporated into the
permit for the affected facility.
(d) As an alternative to the periodic Method 22 (40 CFR part 60,
appendix A-7) visible emissions inspections specified in paragraph (c)
of this section, the owner or operator of any affected facility for
which construction, modification, or reconstruction commenced on or
after April 22, 2008, that uses a baghouse to control emissions may use
a bag leak detection system. The owner or operator must install,
operate, and maintain the bag leak detection system according to
paragraphs (d)(1) through (3) of this section.
(1) Each bag leak detection system must meet the specifications and
requirements in paragraphs (d)(1)(i) through (viii) of this section.
(i) The bag leak detection system must be certified by the
manufacturer to be capable of detecting PM emissions at concentrations
of 1 milligram per dry standard cubic meter (0.00044 grains per actual
cubic foot) or less.
(ii) The bag leak detection system sensor must provide output of
relative PM loadings. The owner or operator shall continuously record
the output from the bag leak detection system using electronic or other
means (e.g., using a strip chart recorder or a data logger).
(iii) The bag leak detection system must be equipped with an alarm
system that will sound when the system detects an increase in relative
particulate loading over the alarm set point established according to
paragraph (d)(1)(iv) of this section, and the alarm must be located such
that it can be heard by the appropriate plant personnel.
(iv) In the initial adjustment of the bag leak detection system, the
owner or operator must establish, at a minimum, the baseline output by
adjusting the sensitivity (range) and the averaging period of the
device, the alarm set points, and the alarm delay time.
(v) Following initial adjustment, the owner or operator shall not
adjust the averaging period, alarm set point, or alarm delay time
without approval from the Administrator or delegated authority except as
provided in paragraph (d)(1)(vi) of this section.
(vi) Once per quarter, the owner or operator may adjust the
sensitivity of the bag leak detection system to account for seasonal
effects, including temperature and humidity, according to the procedures
identified in the site-specific monitoring plan required by paragraph
(d)(2) of this section.
(vii) The owner or operator must install the bag leak detection
sensor downstream of the fabric filter.
(viii) Where multiple detectors are required, the system's
instrumentation and alarm may be shared among detectors.
[[Page 161]]
(2) The owner or operator of the affected facility must develop and
submit to the Administrator or delegated authority for approval of a
site-specific monitoring plan for each bag leak detection system. The
owner or operator must operate and maintain the bag leak detection
system according to the site-specific monitoring plan at all times. Each
monitoring plan must describe the items in paragraphs (d)(2)(i) through
(vi) of this section.
(i) Installation of the bag leak detection system;
(ii) Initial and periodic adjustment of the bag leak detection
system, including how the alarm set-point will be established;
(iii) Operation of the bag leak detection system, including quality
assurance procedures;
(iv) How the bag leak detection system will be maintained, including
a routine maintenance schedule and spare parts inventory list;
(v) How the bag leak detection system output will be recorded and
stored; and
(vi) Corrective action procedures as specified in paragraph (d)(3)
of this section. In approving the site-specific monitoring plan, the
Administrator or delegated authority may allow owners and operators more
than 3 hours to alleviate a specific condition that causes an alarm if
the owner or operator identifies in the monitoring plan this specific
condition as one that could lead to an alarm, adequately explains why it
is not feasible to alleviate this condition within 3 hours of the time
the alarm occurs, and demonstrates that the requested time will ensure
alleviation of this condition as expeditiously as practicable.
(3) For each bag leak detection system, the owner or operator must
initiate procedures to determine the cause of every alarm within 1 hour
of the alarm. Except as provided in paragraph (d)(2)(vi) of this
section, the owner or operator must alleviate the cause of the alarm
within 3 hours of the alarm by taking whatever corrective action(s) are
necessary. Corrective actions may include, but are not limited to the
following:
(i) Inspecting the fabric filter for air leaks, torn or broken bags
or filter media, or any other condition that may cause an increase in PM
emissions;
(ii) Sealing off defective bags or filter media;
(iii) Replacing defective bags or filter media or otherwise
repairing the control device;
(iv) Sealing off a defective fabric filter compartment;
(v) Cleaning the bag leak detection system probe or otherwise
repairing the bag leak detection system; or
(vi) Shutting down the process producing the PM emissions.
(e) As an alternative to the periodic Method 22 (40 CFR part 60,
appendix A-7) visible emissions inspections specified in paragraph (c)
of this section, the owner or operator of any affected facility that is
subject to the requirements for processed stone handling operations in
the Lime Manufacturing NESHAP (40 CFR part 63, subpart AAAAA) may follow
the continuous compliance requirements in row 1 items (i) through (iii)
of table 6 to subpart AAAAA of 40 CFR part 63.
Sec. 60.675 Test methods and procedures.
(a) In conducting the performance tests required in Sec. 60.8, the
owner or operator shall use as reference methods and procedures the test
methods in appendices A-1 through A-7 of this part or other methods and
procedures as specified in this section, except as provided in
Sec. 60.8(b). Acceptable alternative methods and procedures are given in
paragraph (e) of this section.
(b) The owner or operator shall determine compliance with the PM
standards in Sec. 60.672(a) as follows:
(1) Except as specified in paragraphs (e)(3) and (4) of this
section, Method 5 of appendix A-3 of this part or Method 17 of appendix
A-6 of this part shall be used to determine the particulate matter
concentration. The sample volume shall be at least 1.70 dscm (60 dscf).
For Method 5 (40 CFR part 60, appendix A-3), if the gas stream being
sampled is at ambient temperature, the sampling probe and filter may be
operated without heaters. If the gas stream is above ambient
temperature, the sampling probe and filter may be operated at a
[[Page 162]]
temperature high enough, but no higher than 121 deg.C (250 deg.F), to
prevent water condensation on the filter.
(2) Method 9 of appendix A-4 of this part and the procedures in
Sec. 60.11 shall be used to determine opacity.
(c)(1) In determining compliance with the particulate matter
standards in Sec. 60.672(b) or Sec. 60.672(e)(1), the owner or operator
shall use Method 9 of appendix A-4 of this part and the procedures in
Sec. 60.11, with the following additions:
(i) The minimum distance between the observer and the emission
source shall be 4.57 meters (15 feet).
(ii) The observer shall, when possible, select a position that
minimizes interference from other fugitive emission sources (e.g., road
dust). The required observer position relative to the sun (Method 9 of
appendix A-4 of this part, Section 2.1) must be followed.
(iii) For affected facilities using wet dust suppression for
particulate matter control, a visible mist is sometimes generated by the
spray. The water mist must not be confused with particulate matter
emissions and is not to be considered a visible emission. When a water
mist of this nature is present, the observation of emissions is to be
made at a point in the plume where the mist is no longer visible.
(2)(i) In determining compliance with the opacity of stack emissions
from any baghouse that controls emissions only from an individual
enclosed storage bin under Sec. 60.672(f) of this subpart, using Method
9 (40 CFR part 60, appendix A-4), the duration of the Method 9 (40 CFR
part 60, appendix A-4) observations shall be 1 hour (ten 6-minute
averages).
(ii) The duration of the Method 9 (40 CFR part 60, appendix A-4)
observations may be reduced to the duration the affected facility
operates (but not less than 30 minutes) for baghouses that control
storage bins or enclosed truck or railcar loading stations that operate
for less than 1 hour at a time.
(3) When determining compliance with the fugitive emissions standard
for any affected facility described under Sec. 60.672(b) or
Sec. 60.672(e)(1) of this subpart, the duration of the Method 9 (40 CFR
part 60, appendix A-4) observations must be 30 minutes (five 6-minute
averages). Compliance with the applicable fugitive emission limits in
Table 3 of this subpart must be based on the average of the five 6-
minute averages.
(d) To demonstrate compliance with the fugitive emission limits for
buildings specified in Sec. 60.672(e)(1), the owner or operator must
complete the testing specified in paragraph (d)(1) and (2) of this
section. Performance tests must be conducted while all affected
facilities inside the building are operating.
(1) If the building encloses any affected facility that commences
construction, modification, or reconstruction on or after April 22,
2008, the owner or operator of the affected facility must conduct an
initial Method 9 (40 CFR part 60, appendix A-4) performance test
according to this section and Sec. 60.11.
(2) If the building encloses only affected facilities that commenced
construction, modification, or reconstruction before April 22, 2008, and
the owner or operator has previously conducted an initial Method 22 (40
CFR part 60, appendix A-7) performance test showing zero visible
emissions, then the owner or operator has demonstrated compliance with
the opacity limit in Sec. 60.672(e)(1). If the owner or operator has not
conducted an initial performance test for the building before April 22,
2008, then the owner or operator must conduct an initial Method 9 (40
CFR part 60, appendix A-4) performance test according to this section
and Sec. 60.11 to show compliance with the opacity limit in
Sec. 60.672(e)(1).
(e) The owner or operator may use the following as alternatives to
the reference methods and procedures specified in this section:
(1) For the method and procedure of paragraph (c) of this section,
if emissions from two or more facilities continuously interfere so that
the opacity of fugitive emissions from an individual affected facility
cannot be read, either of the following procedures may be used:
(i) Use for the combined emission stream the highest fugitive
opacity standard applicable to any of the individual affected facilities
contributing to the emissions stream.
(ii) Separate the emissions so that the opacity of emissions from
each affected facility can be read.
[[Page 163]]
(2) A single visible emission observer may conduct visible emission
observations for up to three fugitive, stack, or vent emission points
within a 15-second interval if the following conditions are met:
(i) No more than three emission points may be read concurrently.
(ii) All three emission points must be within a 70 degree viewing
sector or angle in front of the observer such that the proper sun
position can be maintained for all three points.
(iii) If an opacity reading for any one of the three emission points
equals or exceeds the applicable standard, then the observer must stop
taking readings for the other two points and continue reading just that
single point.
(3) Method 5I of appendix A-3 of this part may be used to determine
the PM concentration as an alternative to the methods specified in
paragraph (b)(1) of this section. Method 5I (40 CFR part 60, appendix A-
3) may be useful for affected facilities that operate for less than 1
hour at a time such as (but not limited to) storage bins or enclosed
truck or railcar loading stations.
(4) In some cases, velocities of exhaust gases from building vents
may be too low to measure accurately with the type S pitot tube
specified in EPA Method 2 of appendix A-1 of this part [i.e., velocity
head <1.3 mm H2O (0.05 in. H2O)] and referred to
in EPA Method 5 of appendix A-3 of this part. For these conditions, the
owner or operator may determine the average gas flow rate produced by
the power fans (e.g., from vendor-supplied fan curves) to the building
vent. The owner or operator may calculate the average gas velocity at
the building vent measurement site using Equation 1 of this section and
use this average velocity in determining and maintaining isokinetic
sampling rates.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR28AP09.007
Where:
Ve = average building vent velocity (feet per minute);
Qf = average fan flow rate (cubic feet per minute); and
Ae = area of building vent and measurement location (square
feet).
(f) To comply with Sec. 60.676(d), the owner or operator shall
record the measurements as required in Sec. 60.676(c) using the
monitoring devices in Sec. 60.674 (a)(1) and (2) during each particulate
matter run and shall determine the averages.
(g) For performance tests involving only Method 9 (40 CFR part 60
appendix A-4) testing, the owner or operator may reduce the 30-day
advance notification of performance test in Sec. 60.7(a)(6) and 60.8(d)
to a 7-day advance notification.
(h) [Reserved]
(i) If the initial performance test date for an affected facility
falls during a seasonal shut down (as defined in Sec. 60.671 of this
subpart) of the affected facility, then with approval from the
permitting authority, the owner or operator may postpone the initial
performance test until no later than 60 calendar days after resuming
operation of the affected facility.
Sec. 60.676 Reporting and recordkeeping.
(a) Each owner or operator seeking to comply with Sec. 60.670(d)
shall submit to the Administrator the following information about the
existing facility being replaced and the replacement piece of equipment.
(1) For a crusher, grinding mill, bucket elevator, bagging
operation, or enclosed truck or railcar loading station:
(i) The rated capacity in megagrams or tons per hour of the existing
facility being replaced and
(ii) The rated capacity in tons per hour of the replacement
equipment.
(2) For a screening operation:
(i) The total surface area of the top screen of the existing
screening operation being replaced and
(ii) The total surface area of the top screen of the replacement
screening operation.
(3) For a conveyor belt:
(i) The width of the existing belt being replaced and
(ii) The width of the replacement conveyor belt.
(4) For a storage bin:
(i) The rated capacity in megagrams or tons of the existing storage
bin being replaced and
[[Page 164]]
(ii) The rated capacity in megagrams or tons of replacement storage
bins.
(b)(1) Owners or operators of affected facilities (as defined in
Secs. 60.670 and 60.671) for which construction, modification, or
reconstruction commenced on or after April 22, 2008, must record each
periodic inspection required under Sec. 60.674(b) or (c), including
dates and any corrective actions taken, in a logbook (in written or
electronic format). The owner or operator must keep the logbook onsite
and make hard or electronic copies (whichever is requested) of the
logbook available to the Administrator upon request.
(2) For each bag leak detection system installed and operated
according to Sec. 60.674(d), the owner or operator must keep the records
specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) through (iii) of this section.
(i) Records of the bag leak detection system output;
(ii) Records of bag leak detection system adjustments, including the
date and time of the adjustment, the initial bag leak detection system
settings, and the final bag leak detection system settings; and
(iii) The date and time of all bag leak detection system alarms, the
time that procedures to determine the cause of the alarm were initiated,
the cause of the alarm, an explanation of the actions taken, the date
and time the cause of the alarm was alleviated, and whether the cause of
the alarm was alleviated within 3 hours of the alarm.
(3) The owner or operator of each affected facility demonstrating
compliance according to Sec. 60.674(e) by following the requirements for
processed stone handling operations in the Lime Manufacturing NESHAP (40
CFR part 63, subpart AAAAA) must maintain records of visible emissions
observations required by Sec. 63.7132(a)(3) and (b) of 40 CFR part 63,
subpart AAAAA.
(c) During the initial performance test of a wet scrubber, and daily
thereafter, the owner or operator shall record the measurements of both
the change in pressure of the gas stream across the scrubber and the
scrubbing liquid flow rate.
(d) After the initial performance test of a wet scrubber, the owner
or operator shall submit semiannual reports to the Administrator of
occurrences when the measurements of the scrubber pressure loss and
liquid flow rate decrease by more than 30 percent from the average
determined during the most recent performance test.
(e) The reports required under paragraph (d) of this section shall
be postmarked within 30 days following end of the second and fourth
calendar quarters.
(f) The owner or operator of any affected facility shall submit
written reports of the results of all performance tests conducted to
demonstrate compliance with the standards set forth in Sec. 60.672 of
this subpart, including reports of opacity observations made using
Method 9 (40 CFR part 60, appendix A-4) to demonstrate compliance with
Sec. 60.672(b), (e) and (f).
(g) The owner or operator of any wet material processing operation
that processes saturated and subsequently processes unsaturated
materials, shall submit a report of this change within 30 days following
such change. At the time of such change, this screening operation,
bucket elevator, or belt conveyor becomes subject to the applicable
opacity limit in Sec. 60.672(b) and the emission test requirements of
Sec. 60.11.
(h) The subpart A requirement under Sec. 60.7(a)(1) for notification
of the date construction or reconstruction commenced is waived for
affected facilities under this subpart.
(i) A notification of the actual date of initial startup of each
affected facility shall be submitted to the Administrator.
(1) For a combination of affected facilities in a production line
that begin actual initial startup on the same day, a single notification
of startup may be submitted by the owner or operator to the
Administrator. The notification shall be postmarked within 15 days after
such date and shall include a description of each affected facility,
equipment manufacturer, and serial number of the equipment, if
available.
(2) For portable aggregate processing plants, the notification of
the actual date of initial startup shall include both the home office
and the current address or location of the portable plant.
[[Page 165]]
(j) The requirements of this section remain in force until and
unless the Agency, in delegating enforcement authority to a State under
section 111(c) of the Act, approves reporting requirements or an
alternative means of compliance surveillance adopted by such States. In
that event, affected facilities within the State will be relieved of the
obligation to comply with the reporting requirements of this section,
provided that they comply with requirements established by the State.
(k) Notifications and reports required under this subpart and under
subpart A of this part to demonstrate compliance with this subpart need
only to be sent to the EPA Region or the State which has been delegated
authority according to Sec. 60.4(b).
Sec. Table 1 to Subpart OOO of Part 60--Exceptions to Applicability of
Subpart A to Subpart OOO
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Applies to
Subpart A reference subpart OOO Explanation
------------------------------------------------------------------------
60.4, Address................. Yes.............. Except in Sec.
60.4(a) and (b)
submittals need not
be submitted to both
the EPA Region and
delegated State
authority (Sec.
60.676(k)).
60.7, Notification and Yes.............. Except in (a)(1)
recordkeeping. notification of the
date construction or
reconstruction
commenced (Sec.
60.676(h)).
Also, except in
(a)(6) performance
tests involving only
Method 9 (40 CFR
part 60, appendix A-
4) require a 7-day
advance notification
instead of 30 days
(Sec. 60.675(g)).
60.8, Performance tests....... Yes.............. Except in (d)
performance tests
involving only
Method 9 (40 CFR
part 60, appendix A-
4) require a 7-day
advance notification
instead of 30 days
(Sec. 60.675(g)).
60.11, Compliance with Yes.............. Except in (b) under
standards and maintenance certain conditions
requirements. (Secs. 60.675(c)),
Method 9 (40 CFR
part 60, appendix A-
4) observation is
reduced from 3 hours
to 30 minutes for
fugitive emissions.
60.18, General control device. No............... Flares will not be
used to comply with
the emission limits.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. Table 2 to Subpart OOO of Part 60--Stack Emission Limits for
Affected Facilities With Capture Systems
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The owner or operator
The owner or operator And the owner or must demonstrate
For * * * must meet a PM limit of operator must meet an compliance with these
* * * opacity limit of * * * limits by conducting *
* *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Affected facilities (as defined in 0.05 g/dscm (0.022 gr/ 7 percent for dry An initial performance
Secs. 60.670 and 60.671) that dscf) \a\. control devices \b\. test according to Sec.
commenced construction, 60.8 of this part and
modification, or reconstruction Sec. 60.675 of this
after August 31, 1983 but before subpart; and
April 22, 2008. Monitoring of wet
scrubber parameters
according to Sec.
60.674(a) and Sec.
60.676(c), (d), and
(e).
Affected facilities (as defined in 0.032 g/dscm (0.014 gr/ Not applicable (except An initial performance
Secs. 60.670 and 60.671) that dscf) \a\. for individual test according to Sec.
commence construction, modification, enclosed storage bins). 60.8 of this part and
or reconstruction on or after April 7 percent for dry Sec. 60.675 of this
22, 2008. control devices on subpart; and
individual enclosed Monitoring of wet
storage bins. scrubber parameters
according to Sec.
60.674(a) and Sec.
60.676(c), (d), and
(e); and
Monitoring of baghouses
according to Sec.
60.674(c), (d), or (e)
and Sec. 60.676(b).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Exceptions to the PM limit apply for individual enclosed storage bins and other equipment. See Sec.
60.672(d) through (f).
\b\ The stack opacity limit and associated opacity testing requirements do not apply for affected facilities
using wet scrubbers.
[[Page 166]]
Sec. Table 3 to Subpart OOO of Part 60--Fugitive Emission Limits
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The owner or operator
must meet the following
fugitive emissions
limit for grinding
mills, screening
operations, bucket The owner or operator
elevators, transfer must meet the following The owner or operator
points on belt fugitive emissions must demonstrate
For * * * conveyors, bagging limit for crushers at compliance with these
operations, storage which a capture system limits by conducting *
bins, enclosed truck or is not used * * * * *
railcar loading
stations or from any
other affected facility
(as defined in 60.670
and 60.671) * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Affected facilities (as defined in 10 percent opacity..... 15 percent opacity..... An initial performance
Secs. 60.670 and 60.671) that test according to Sec.
commenced construction, 60.11 of this part
modification, or reconstruction and Sec. 60.675 of
after August 31, 1983 but before this subpart.
April 22, 2008.
Affected facilities (as defined in 7 percent opacity...... 12 percent opacity..... An initial performance
Secs. 60.670 and 60.671) that test according to Sec.
commence construction, modification, 60.11 of this part
or reconstruction on or after April and Sec. 60.675 of
22, 2008. this subpart; and
Periodic inspections of
water sprays according
to Sec. 60.674(b) and
Sec. 60.676(b); and
A repeat performance
test according to Sec.
60.11 of this part
and Sec. 60.675 of
this subpart within 5
years from the
previous performance
test for fugitive
emissions from
affected facilities
without water sprays.
Affected facilities
controlled by water
carryover from
upstream water sprays
that are inspected
according to the
requirements in Sec.
60.674(b) and Sec.
60.676(b) are exempt
from this 5-year
repeat testing
requirement.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subpart PPP_Standard of Performance for Wool Fiberglass Insulation
Manufacturing Plants
Source: 50 FR 7699, Feb. 25, 1985, unless otherwise noted.
Sec. 60.680 Applicability and designation of affected facility.
(a) The affected facility to which the provisions of this subpart
apply is each rotary spin wool fiberglass insulation manufacturing line.
(b) The owner or operator of any facility under paragraph (a) of
this section that commences construction, modification, or
reconstruction after February 7, 1984, is subject to the requirements of
this subpart.
Sec. 60.681 Definitions.
As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein shall have the
meaning given them in the Act and in subpart A of this part.
Glass pull rate means the mass of molten glass utilized in the
manufacture of wool fiberglass insulation at a single manufacturing line
in a specified time period.
Manufacturing line means the manufacturing equipment comprising the
forming section, where molten glass is fiberized and a fiberglass mat is
formed; the curing section, where the binder resin in the mat is
thermally ``set;'' and the cooling section, where the mat is cooled.
Rotary spin means a process used to produce wool fiberglass
insulation by forcing molten glass through numerous
[[Page 167]]
small orifices in the side wall of a spinner to form continuous glass
fibers that are then broken into discrete lengths by high velocity air
flow.
Wool fiberglass insulation means a thermal insulation material
composed of glass fibers and made from glass produced or melted at the
same facility where the manufacturing line is located.
Sec. 60.682 Standard for particulate matter.
On and after the date on which the performance test required to be
conducted by Sec. 60.8 is completed, no owner or operator subject to the
provisions of this subpart shall cause to be discharged into the
atmosphere from any affected facility any gases which contain
particulate matter in excess of 5.5 kg/Mg (11.0 1b/ton) of glass pulled.
Sec. 60.683 Monitoring of operations.
(a) An owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
who uses a wet scrubbing control device to comply with the mass emission
standard shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate monitoring
devices that measure the gas pressure drop across each scrubber and the
scrubbing liquid flow rate to each scrubber. The pressure drop monitor
is to be certified by its manufacturer to be accurate within [250
pascals ([1 inch water gauge) over its operating range, and the flow
rate monitor is to be certified by its manufacturer to be accurate
within [5 percent over its operating range.
(b) An owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
who uses a wet electrostatic precipitator control device to comply with
the mass emission standard shall install, calibrate, maintain, and
operate monitoring devices that measure the primary and secondary
current (amperes) and voltage in each electrical field and the inlet
water flow rate. In addition, the owner or operator shall determine the
total residue (total solids) content of the water entering the control
device once per day using Method 209A, ``Total Residue Dried at 103-105
deg.C,'' in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater, 15th Edition, 1980 (incorporated by reference--see
Sec. 60.17). Total residue shall be reported as percent by weight. All
monitoring devices required under this paragraph are to be certified by
their manufacturers to be accurate within [5 percent over their
operating range.
(c) All monitoring devices required under this section are to be
recalibrated quarterly in accordance with procedures under
Sec. 60.13(b).
Sec. 60.684 Recordkeeping and reporting requirements.
(a) At 30-minute intervals during each 2-hour test run of each
performance test of a wet scrubber control device and at least once
every 4 hours thereafter, the owner or operator shall record the
measurements required by Sec. 60.683(a).
(b) At 30-minute intervals during each 2-hour test run of each
performance test of a wet electrostatic precipitator control device and
at least once every 4 hours thereafter, the owner or operator shall
record the measurements required by Sec. 60.683(b), except that the
concentration of total residue in the water shall be recorded once
during each performance test and once per day thereafter.
(c) Records of the measurements required in paragraphs (a) and (b)
of this section must be retained for at least 2 years.
(d) Each owner or operator shall submit written semiannual reports
of exceedances of control device operating parameters required to be
monitored by paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section and written
documentation of, and a report of corrective maintenance required as a
result of, quarterly calibrations of the monitoring devices required in
Sec. 60.683(c). For the purpose of these reports, exceedances are
defined as any monitoring data that are less than 70 percent of the
lowest value or greater than 130 percent of the highest value of each
operating parameter recorded during the most recent performance test.
(e) The requirements of this section remain in force until and
unless the Agency, in delegating enforcement authority to a State under
section 111(c) of the Act, approves reporting requirements or an
alternative means of compliance surveillance adopted by such State. In
that event, affected facilities
[[Page 168]]
within the State will be relieved of the obligation to comply with this
section, provided that they comply with the requirements established by
the State.
Sec. 60.685 Test methods and procedures.
(a) In conducting the performance tests required in Sec. 60.8, the
owner or operator shall use as reference methods and procedures the test
methods in appendix A of this part or other methods and procedures as
specified in this section, except as provided in Sec. 60.8(b).
(b) The owner or operator shall conduct performance tests while the
product with the highest loss on ignition (LOI) expected to be produced
by the affected facility is being manufactured.
(c) The owner or operator shall determine compliance with the
particulate matter standard in Sec. 60.682 as follows:
(1) The emission rate (E) of particulate matter shall be computed
for each run using the following equation:
E = (Ct Qsd)/(Pavg K)
where:
E = emission rate of particulate matter, kg/Mg (lb/ton).
Ct = concentration of particulate matter, g/dscm (gr/dscf).
Qsd = volumetric flow rate of effluent gas, dscm/hr (dscf/
hr).
Pavg = average glass pull rate, Mg/hr (ton/hr).
K = 1,000 g/kg (7,000 gr/lb).
(2) Method 5E shall be used to determine the particulate matter
concentration (Ct) and the volumetric flow rate
(Qsd) of the effluent gas. The sampling time and sample
volume shall be at least 120 minutes and 2.55 dscm (90.1 dscf).
(3) The average glass pull rate (Pavg) for the
manufacturing line shall be the arithmetic average of three glass pull
rate (Pi) determinations taken at intervals of at least 30
minutes during each run.
The individual glass pull rates (Pi) shall be computed using
the following equation:
Pi = K Ls Wm M [1.0-(LOI/100)]
where:
Pi = glass pull rate at interval ``i'', Mg/hr (ton/hr).
Ls = line speed, m/min (ft/min).
Wm = trimmed mat width, m (ft).
M = mat gram weight, g/m\2\ (lb/ft\2\).
LOI = loss on ignition, weight percent.
K = conversion factor, 6 x 10-5 (min-Mg)/(hr-g) [3 x
10-2 (min-ton)/(hr-lb)].
(i) ASTM D2584-68 (Reapproved 1985) or 94 (incorporated by
reference--see Sec. 60.17), shall be used to determine the LOI for each
run.
(ii) Line speed (Ls), trimmed mat width (Wm),
and mat gram weight (M) shall be determined for each run from the
process information or from direct measurements.
(d) To comply with Sec. 60.684(d), the owner or operator shall
record measurements as required in Sec. 60.684 (a) and (b) using the
monitoring devices in Sec. 60.683 (a) and (b) during the particulate
matter runs.
[54 FR 6680, Feb. 14, 1989, as amended at 65 FR 61778, Oct. 17, 2000]
Subpart QQQ_Standards of Performance for VOC Emissions From Petroleum
Refinery Wastewater Systems
Source: 53 FR 47623, Nov. 23, 1988, unless otherwise noted.
Sec. 60.690 Applicability and designation of affected facility.
(a)(1) The provisions of this subpart apply to affected facilities
located in petroleum refineries for which construction, modification, or
reconstruction is commenced after May 4, 1987.
(2) An individual drain system is a separate affected facility.
(3) An oil-water separator is a separate affected facility.
(4) An aggregate facility is a separate affected facility.
(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of 40 CFR 60.14(e)(2), the
construction or installation of a new individual drain system shall
constitute a modification to an affected facility described in
Sec. 60.690(a)(4). For purposes of this paragraph, a new individual
drain system shall be limited to all process drains and the first common
junction box.
Sec. 60.691 Definitions.
As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein shall have the
meaning given them in the Act or in subpart A of 40 CFR part 60, and the
following terms shall have the specific meanings given them.
[[Page 169]]
Active service means that a drain is receiving refinery wastewater
from a process unit that will continuously maintain a water seal.
Aggregate facility means an individual drain system together with
ancillary downstream sewer lines and oil-water separators, down to and
including the secondary oil-water separator, as applicable.
Catch basin means an open basin which serves as a single collection
point for stormwater runoff received directly from refinery surfaces and
for refinery wastewater from process drains.
Closed vent system means a system that is not open to the atmosphere
and that is composed of piping, connections, and, if necessary, flow-
inducing devices that transport gas or vapor from an emission source to
a control device. If gas or vapor from regulated equipment are routed to
a process (e.g., to a petroleum refinery fuel gas system), the process
shall not be considered a closed vent system and is not subject to the
closed vent system standards.
Completely closed drain system means an individual drain system that
is not open to the atmosphere and is equipped and operated with a closed
vent system and control device complying with the requirements of
Sec. 60.692-5.
Control device means an enclosed combustion device, vapor recovery
system or flare.
Fixed roof means a cover that is mounted to a tank or chamber in a
stationary manner and which does not move with fluctuations in
wastewater levels.
Floating roof means a pontoon-type or double-deck type cover that
rests on the liquid surface.
Gas-tight means operated with no detectable emissions.
Individual drain system means all process drains connected to the
first common downstream junction box. The term includes all such drains
and common junction box, together with their associated sewer lines and
other junction boxes, down to the receiving oil-water separator.
Junction box means a manhole or access point to a wastewater sewer
system line.
No detectable emissions means less than 500 ppm above background
levels, as measured by a detection instrument in accordance with Method
21 in appendix A of 40 CFR part 60.
Non-contact cooling water system means a once-through drain,
collection and treatment system designed and operated for collecting
cooling water which does not come into contact with hydrocarbons or oily
wastewater and which is not recirculated through a cooling tower.
Oil-water separator means wastewater treatment equipment used to
separate oil from water consisting of a separation tank, which also
includes the forebay and other separator basins, skimmers, weirs, grit
chambers, and sludge hoppers. Slop oil facilities, including tanks, are
included in this term along with storage vessels and auxiliary equipment
located between individual drain systems and the oil-water separator.
This term does not include storage vessels or auxiliary equipment which
do not come in contact with or store oily wastewater.
Oily wastewater means wastewater generated during the refinery
process which contains oil, emulsified oil, or other hydrocarbons. Oily
wastewater originates from a variety of refinery processes including
cooling water, condensed stripping steam, tank draw-off, and contact
process water.
Petroleum means the crude oil removed from the earth and the oils
derived from tar sands, shale, and coal.
Petroleum refinery means any facility engaged in producing gasoline,
kerosene, distillate fuel oils, residual fuel oils, lubricants, or other
products through the distillation of petroleum, or through the
redistillation of petroleum, cracking, or reforming unfinished petroleum
derivatives.
Sewer line means a lateral, trunk line, branch line, ditch, channel,
or other conduit used to convey refinery wastewater to downstream
components of a refinery wastewater treatment system. This term does not
include buried, below-grade sewer lines.
Slop oil means the floating oil and solids that accumulate on the
surface of an oil-water separator.
[[Page 170]]
Storage vessel means any tank, reservoir, or container used for the
storage of petroleum liquids, including oily wastewater.
Stormwater sewer system means a drain and collection system designed
and operated for the sole purpose of collecting stormwater and which is
segregated from the process wastewater collection system.
Wastewater system means any component, piece of equipment, or
installation that receives, treats, or processes oily wastewater from
petroleum refinery process units.
Water seal controls means a seal pot, p-leg trap, or other type of
trap filled with water that has a design capability to create a water
barrier between the sewer and the atmosphere.
[53 FR 47623, Nov. 23, 1985, as amended at 60 FR 43259, Aug. 18, 1995]
Sec. 60.692-1 Standards: General.
(a) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall comply with the requirements of Secs. 60.692-1 to 60.692-5 and
with Secs. 60.693-1 and 60.693-2, except during periods of startup,
shutdown, or malfunction.
(b) Compliance with Secs. 60.692-1 to 60.692-5 and with
Secs. 60.693-1 and 60.693-2 will be determined by review of records and
reports, review of performance test results, and inspection using the
methods and procedures specified in Sec. 60.696.
(c) Permission to use alternative means of emission limitation to
meet the requirements of Secs. 60.692-2 through 60.692-4 may be granted
as provided in Sec. 60.694.
(d)(1) Stormwater sewer systems are not subject to the requirements
of this subpart.
(2) Ancillary equipment, which is physically separate from the
wastewater system and does not come in contact with or store oily
wastewater, is not subject to the requirements of this subpart.
(3) Non-contact cooling water systems are not subject to the
requirements of this subpart.
(4) An owner or operator shall demonstrate compliance with the
exclusions in paragraphs (d)(1), (2), and (3) of this section as
provided in Sec. 60.697 (h), (i), and (j).
Sec. 60.692-2 Standards: Individual drain systems.
(a)(1) Each drain shall be equipped with water seal controls.
(2) Each drain in active service shall be checked by visual or
physical inspection initially and monthly thereafter for indications of
low water levels or other conditions that would reduce the effectiveness
of the water seal controls.
(3) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(4) of this section, each
drain out of active service shall be checked by visual or physical
inspection initially and weekly thereafter for indications of low water
levels or other problems that could result in VOC emissions.
(4) As an alternative to the requirements in paragraph (a)(3) of
this section, if an owner or operator elects to install a tightly sealed
cap or plug over a drain that is out of service, inspections shall be
conducted initially and semiannually to ensure caps or plugs are in
place and properly installed.
(5) Whenever low water levels or missing or improperly installed
caps or plugs are identified, water shall be added or first efforts at
repair shall be made as soon as practicable, but not later than 24 hours
after detection, except as provided in Sec. 60.692-6.
(b)(1) Junction boxes shall be equipped with a cover and may have an
open vent pipe. The vent pipe shall be at least 90 cm (3 ft) in length
and shall not exceed 10.2 cm (4 in) in diameter.
(2) Junction box covers shall have a tight seal around the edge and
shall be kept in place at all times, except during inspection and
maintenance.
(3) Junction boxes shall be visually inspected initially and
semiannually thereafter to ensure that the cover is in place and to
ensure that the cover has a tight seal around the edge.
(4) If a broken seal or gap is identified, first effort at repair
shall be made as soon as practicable, but not later than 15 calendar
days after the broken seal or gap is identified, except as provided in
Sec. 60.692-6.
(c)(1) Sewer lines shall not be open to the atmosphere and shall be
covered or enclosed in a manner so as to have no visual gaps or cracks
in joints, seals, or other emission interfaces.
[[Page 171]]
(2) The portion of each unburied sewer line shall be visually
inspected initially and semiannually thereafter for indication of
cracks, gaps, or other problems that could result in VOC emissions.
(3) Whenever cracks, gaps, or other problems are detected, repairs
shall be made as soon as practicable, but not later than 15 calendar
days after identification, except as provided in Sec. 60.692-6.
(d) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, each
modified or reconstructed individual drain system that has a catch basin
in the existing configuration prior to May 4, 1987 shall be exempt from
the provisions of this section.
(e) Refinery wastewater routed through new process drains and a new
first common downstream junction box, either as part of a new individual
drain system or an existing individual drain system, shall not be routed
through a downstream catch basin.
Sec. 60.692-3 Standards: Oil-water separators.
(a) Each oil-water separator tank, slop oil tank, storage vessel, or
other auxiliary equipment subject to the requirements of this subpart
shall be equipped and operated with a fixed roof, which meets the
following specifications, except as provided in paragraph (d) of this
section or in Sec. 60.693-2.
(1) The fixed roof shall be installed to completely cover the
separator tank, slop oil tank, storage vessel, or other auxiliary
equipment with no separation between the roof and the wall.
(2) The vapor space under a fixed roof shall not be purged unless
the vapor is directed to a control device.
(3) If the roof has access doors or openings, such doors or openings
shall be gasketed, latched, and kept closed at all times during
operation of the separator system, except during inspection and
maintenance.
(4) Roof seals, access doors, and other openings shall be checked by
visual inspection initially and semiannually thereafter to ensure that
no cracks or gaps occur between the roof and wall and that access doors
and other openings are closed and gasketed properly.
(5) When a broken seal or gasket or other problem is identified,
first efforts at repair shall be made as soon as practicable, but not
later than 15 calendar days after it is identified, except as provided
in Sec. 60.692-6.
(b) Each oil-water separator tank or auxiliary equipment with a
design capacity to treat more than 16 liters per second (250 gallons per
minute (gpm)) of refinery wastewater shall, in addition to the
requirements in paragraph (a) of this section, be equipped and operated
with a closed vent system and control device, which meet the
requirements of Sec. 60.692-5, except as provided in paragraph (c) of
this section or in Sec. 60.693-2.
(c)(1) Each modified or reconstructed oil-water separator tank with
a maximum design capacity to treat less than 38 liters per second (600
gpm) of refinery wastewater which was equipped and operated with a fixed
roof covering the entire separator tank or a portion of the separator
tank prior to May 4, 1987 shall be exempt from the requirements of
paragraph (b) of this section, but shall meet the requirements of
paragraph (a) of this section, or may elect to comply with paragraph
(c)(2) of this section.
(2) The owner or operator may elect to comply with the requirements
of paragraph (a) of this section for the existing fixed roof covering a
portion of the separator tank and comply with the requirements for
floating roofs in Sec. 60.693-2 for the remainder of the separator tank.
(d) Storage vessels, including slop oil tanks and other auxiliary
tanks that are subject to the standards in Secs. 60.112, 60.112a, and
60.112b and associated requirements, 40 CFR part 60, subparts K, Ka, or
Kb are not subject to the requirements of this section.
(e) Slop oil from an oil-water separator tank and oily wastewater
from slop oil handling equipment shall be collected, stored,
transported, recycled, reused, or disposed of in an enclosed system.
Once slop oil is returned to the process unit or is disposed of, it is
no longer within the scope of this subpart. Equipment used in handling
slop oil shall be equipped with a fixed roof meeting the requirements of
paragraph (a) of this section.
[[Page 172]]
(f) Each oil-water separator tank, slop oil tank, storage vessel, or
other auxiliary equipment that is required to comply with paragraph (a)
of this section, and not paragraph (b) of this section, may be equipped
with a pressure control valve as necessary for proper system operation.
The pressure control valve shall be set at the maximum pressure
necessary for proper system operation, but such that the value will not
vent continuously.
[53 FR 47623, Nov. 23, 1985, as amended at 60 FR 43259, Aug. 18, 1995;
65 FR 61778, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.692-4 Standards: Aggregate facility.
A new, modified, or reconstructed aggregate facility shall comply
with the requirements of Secs. 60.692-2 and 60.692-3.
Sec. 60.692-5 Standards: Closed vent systems and control devices.
(a) Enclosed combustion devices shall be designed and operated to
reduce the VOC emissions vented to them with an efficiency of 95 percent
or greater or to provide a minimum residence time of 0.75 seconds at a
minimum temperature of 816 deg.C (1,500 deg.F).
(b) Vapor recovery systems (for example, condensers and adsorbers)
shall be designed and operated to recover the VOC emissions vented to
them with an efficiency of 95 percent or greater.
(c) Flares used to comply with this subpart shall comply with the
requirements of 40 CFR 60.18.
(d) Closed vent systems and control devices used to comply with
provisions of this subpart shall be operated at all times when emissions
may be vented to them.
(e)(1) Closed vent systems shall be designed and operated with no
detectable emissions, as indicated by an instrument reading of less than
500 ppm above background, as determined during the initial and
semiannual inspections by the methods specified in Sec. 60.696.
(2) Closed vent systems shall be purged to direct vapor to the
control device.
(3) A flow indicator shall be installed on a vent stream to a
control device to ensure that the vapors are being routed to the device.
(4) All gauging and sampling devices shall be gas-tight except when
gauging or sampling is taking place.
(5) When emissions from a closed system are detected, first efforts
at repair to eliminate the emissions shall be made as soon as
practicable, but not later than 30 calendar days from the date the
emissions are detected, except as provided in Sec. 60.692-6.
Sec. 60.692-6 Standards: Delay of repair.
(a) Delay of repair of facilities that are subject to the provisions
of this subpart will be allowed if the repair is technically impossible
without a complete or partial refinery or process unit shutdown.
(b) Repair of such equipment shall occur before the end of the next
refinery or process unit shutdown.
Sec. 60.692-7 Standards: Delay of compliance.
(a) Delay of compliance of modified individual drain systems with
ancillary downstream treatment components will be allowed if compliance
with the provisions of this subpart cannot be achieved without a
refinery or process unit shutdown.
(b) Installation of equipment necessary to comply with the
provisions of this subpart shall occur no later than the next scheduled
refinery or process unit shutdown.
Sec. 60.693-1 Alternative standards for individual drain systems.
(a) An owner or operator may elect to construct and operate a
completely closed drain system.
(b) Each completely closed drain system shall be equipped and
operated with a closed vent system and control device complying with the
requirements of Sec. 60.692-5.
(c) An owner or operator must notify the Administrator in the report
required in 40 CFR 60.7 that the owner or operator has elected to
construct and operate a completely closed drain system.
(d) If an owner or operator elects to comply with the provisions of
this section, then the owner or operator does not need to comply with
the provisions of Sec. 60.692-2 or Sec. 60.694.
[[Page 173]]
(e)(1) Sewer lines shall not be open to the atmosphere and shall be
covered or enclosed in a manner so as to have no visual gaps or cracks
in joints, seals, or other emission interfaces.
(2) The portion of each unburied sewer line shall be visually
inspected initially and semiannually thereafter for indication of
cracks, gaps, or other problems that could result in VOC emissions.
(3) Whenever cracks, gaps, or other problems are detected, repairs
shall be made as soon as practicable, but not later than 15 calendar
days after identification, except as provided in Sec. 60.692-6.
Sec. 60.693-2 Alternative standards for oil-water separators.
(a) An owner or operator may elect to construct and operate a
floating roof on an oil-water separator tank, slop oil tank, storage
vessel, or other auxiliary equipment subject to the requirements of this
subpart which meets the following specifications.
(1) Each floating roof shall be equipped with a closure device
between the wall of the separator and the roof edge. The closure device
is to consist of a primary seal and a secondary seal.
(i) The primary seal shall be a liquid-mounted seal or a mechanical
shoe seal.
(A) A liquid-mounted seal means a foam- or liquid-filled seal
mounted in contact with the liquid between the wall of the separator and
the floating roof. A mechanical shoe seal means a metal sheet held
vertically against the wall of the separator by springs or weighted
levers and is connected by braces to the floating roof. A flexible
coated fabric (envelope) spans the annular space between the metal sheet
and the floating roof.
(B) The gap width between the primary seal and the separator wall
shall not exceed 3.8 cm (1.5 in.) at any point.
(C) The total gap area between the primary seal and the separator
wall shall not exceed 67 cm\2\/m (3.2 in.\2\/ft) of separator wall
perimeter.
(ii) The secondary seal shall be above the primary seal and cover
the annular space between the floating roof and the wall of the
separator.
(A) The gap width between the secondary seal and the separator wall
shall not exceed 1.3 cm (0.5 in.) at any point.
(B) The total gap area between the secondary seal and the separator
wall shall not exceed 6.7 cm\2\/m (0.32 in.\2\/ft) of separator wall
perimeter.
(iii) The maximum gap width and total gap area shall be determined
by the methods and procedures specified in Sec. 60.696(d).
(A) Measurement of primary seal gaps shall be performed within 60
calendar days after initial installation of the floating roof and
introduction of refinery wastewater and once every 5 years thereafter.
(B) Measurement of secondary seal gaps shall be performed within 60
calendar days of initial introduction of refinery wastewater and once
every year thereafter.
(iv) The owner or operator shall make necessary repairs within 30
calendar days of identification of seals not meeting the requirements
listed in paragraphs (a)(1) (i) and (ii) of this section.
(2) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(4) of this section, each
opening in the roof shall be equipped with a gasketed cover, seal, or
lid, which shall be maintained in a closed position at all times, except
during inspection and maintenance.
(3) The roof shall be floating on the liquid (i.e., off the roof
supports) at all times except during abnormal conditions (i.e., low flow
rate).
(4) The floating roof may be equipped with one or more emergency
roof drains for removal of stormwater. Each emergency roof drain shall
be fitted with a slotted membrane fabric cover that covers at least 90
percent of the drain opening area or a flexible fabric sleeve seal.
(5)(i) Access doors and other openings shall be visually inspected
initially and semiannually thereafter to ensure that there is a tight
fit around the edges and to identify other problems that could result in
VOC emissions.
(ii) When a broken seal or gasket on an access door or other opening
is identified, it shall be repaired as soon as
[[Page 174]]
practicable, but not later than 30 calendar days after it is identified,
except as provided in Sec. 60.692-6.
(b) An owner or operator must notify the Administrator in the report
required by 40 CFR 60.7 that the owner or operator has elected to
construct and operate a floating roof under paragraph (a) of this
section.
(c) For portions of the oil-water separator tank where it is
infeasible to construct and operate a floating roof, such as the skimmer
mechanism and weirs, a fixed roof meeting the requirements of
Sec. 60.692-3(a) shall be installed.
(d) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, if an owner
or operator elects to comply with the provisions of this section, then
the owner or operator does not need to comply with the provisions of
Secs. 60.692-3 or 60.694 applicable to the same facilities.
[53 FR 47623, Nov. 23, 1985, as amended at 60 FR 43259, Aug. 18, 1995]
Sec. 60.694 Permission to use alternative means of emission
limitation.
(a) If, in the Administrator's judgment, an alternative means of
emission limitation will achieve a reduction in VOC emissions at least
equivalent to the reduction in VOC emissions achieved by the applicable
requirement in Sec. 60.692, the Administrator will publish in the
Federal Register a notice permitting the use of the alternative means
for purposes of compliance with that requirement. The notice may
condition the permission on requirements related to the operation and
maintenance of the alternative means.
(b) Any notice under paragraph (a) of this section shall be
published only after notice and an opportunity for a hearing.
(c) Any person seeking permission under this section shall collect,
verify, and submit to the Administrator information showing that the
alternative means achieves equivalent emission reductions.
Sec. 60.695 Monitoring of operations.
(a) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate according to
manufacturer's specifications the following equipment, unless
alternative monitoring procedures or requirements are approved for that
facility by the Administrator.
(1) Where a thermal incinerator is used for VOC emission reduction,
a temperature monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder
shall be used to measure the temperature of the gas stream in the
combustion zone of the incinerator. The temperature monitoring device
shall have an accuracy of [1 percent of the temperature being measured,
expressed in deg.C, or [0.5 deg.C (0.9 deg.F), whichever is greater.
(2) Where a catalytic incinerator is used for VOC emission
reduction, temperature monitoring devices, each equipped with a
continuous recorder shall be used to measure the temperature in the gas
stream immediately before and after the catalyst bed of the incinerator.
The temperature monitoring devices shall have an accuracy of [1 percent
of the temperature being measured, expressed in deg.C, or [0.5 deg.C
(0.9 deg.F), whichever is greater.
(3) Where a carbon adsorber is used for VOC emissions reduction, a
monitoring device that continuously indicates and records the VOC
concentration level or reading of organics in the exhaust gases of the
control device outlet gas stream or inlet and outlet gas stream shall be
used.
(i) For a carbon adsorption system that regenerates the carbon bed
directly onsite, a monitoring device that continuously indicates and
records the volatile organic compound concentration level or reading of
organics in the exhaust gases of the control device outlet gas stream or
inlet and outlet gas stream shall be used.
(ii) For a carbon adsorption system that does not regenerate the
carbon bed directly onsite in the control device (e.g., a carbon
canister), the concentration level of the organic compounds in the
exhaust vent stream from the carbon adsorption system shall be monitored
on a regular schedule, and the existing carbon shall be replaced with
fresh carbon immediately when carbon breakthrough is indicated. The
device shall be monitored on a daily basis or at intervals no greater
than 20 percent of the design carbon replacement interval, whichever is
greater. As an alternative to
[[Page 175]]
conducting this monitoring, an owner or operator may replace the carbon
in the carbon adsorption system with fresh carbon at a regular
predetermined time interval that is less than the carbon replacement
interval that is determined by the maximum design flow rate and organic
concentration in the gas stream vented to the carbon adsorption system.
(4) Where a flare is used for VOC emission reduction, the owner or
operator shall comply with the monitoring requirements of 40 CFR
60.18(f)(2).
(b) Where a VOC recovery device other than a carbon adsorber is used
to meet the requirements specified in Sec. 60.692-5(a), the owner or
operator shall provide to the Administrator information describing the
operation of the control device and the process parameter(s) that would
indicate proper operation and maintenance of the device. The
Administrator may request further information and will specify
appropriate monitoring procedures or requirements.
(c) An alternative operational or process parameter may be monitored
if it can be demonstrated that another parameter will ensure that the
control device is operated in conformance with these standards and the
control device's design specifications.
[53 FR 47623, Nov. 23, 1985, as amended at 60 FR 43259, Aug. 18, 1995;
65 FR 61778, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.696 Performance test methods and procedures and compliance
provisions.
(a) Before using any equipment installed in compliance with the
requirements of Sec. 60.692-2, Sec. 60.692-3, Sec. 60.692-4,
Sec. 60.692-5, or Sec. 60.693, the owner or operator shall inspect such
equipment for indications of potential emissions, defects, or other
problems that may cause the requirements of this subpart not to be met.
Points of inspection shall include, but are not limited to, seals,
flanges, joints, gaskets, hatches, caps, and plugs.
(b) The owner or operator of each source that is equipped with a
closed vent system and control device as required in Sec. 60.692-5
(other than a flare) is exempt from Sec. 60.8 of the General Provisions
and shall use Method 21 to measure the emission concentrations, using
500 ppm as the no detectable emission limit. The instrument shall be
calibrated each day before using. The calibration gases shall be:
(1) Zero air (less than 10 ppm of hydrocarbon in air), and
(2) A mixture of either methane or n-hexane and air at a
concentration of approximately, but less than, 10,000 ppm methane or n-
hexane.
(c) The owner or operator shall conduct a performance test
initially, and at other times as requested by the Administrator, using
the test methods and procedures in Sec. 60.18(f) to determine compliance
of flares.
(d) After installing the control equipment required to meet
Sec. 60.693-2(a) or whenever sources that have ceased to treat refinery
wastewater for a period of 1 year or more are placed back into service,
the owner or operator shall determine compliance with the standards in
Sec. 60.693-2(a) as follows:
(1) The maximum gap widths and maximum gap areas between the primary
seal and the separator wall and between the secondary seal and the
separator wall shall be determined individually within 60 calendar days
of the initial installation of the floating roof and introduction of
refinery wastewater or 60 calendar days after the equipment is placed
back into service using the following procedure when the separator is
filled to the design operating level and when the roof is floating off
the roof supports.
(i) Measure seal gaps around the entire perimeter of the separator
in each place where a 0.32 cm (0.125 in.) diameter uniform probe passes
freely (without forcing or binding against seal) between the seal and
the wall of the separator and measure the gap width and perimetrical
distance of each such location.
(ii) The total surface area of each gap described in (d)(1)(i) of
this section shall be determined by using probes of various widths to
measure accurately the actual distance from the wall to the seal and
multiplying each such width by its respective perimetrical distance.
(iii) Add the gap surface area of each gap location for the primary
seal and the secondary seal individually, divide
[[Page 176]]
the sum for each seal by the nominal perimeter of the separator basin
and compare each to the maximum gap area as specified in Sec. 60.693-2.
(2) The gap widths and total gap area shall be determined using the
procedure in paragraph (d)(1) of this section according to the following
frequency:
(i) For primary seals, once every 5 years.
(ii) For secondary seals, once every year.
Sec. 60.697 Recordkeeping requirements.
(a) Each owner or operator of a facility subject to the provisions
of this subpart shall comply with the recordkeeping requirements of this
section. All records shall be retained for a period of 2 years after
being recorded unless otherwise noted.
(b)(1) For individual drain systems subject to Sec. 60.692-2, the
location, date, and corrective action shall be recorded for each drain
when the water seal is dry or otherwise breached, when a drain cap or
plug is missing or improperly installed, or other problem is identified
that could result in VOC emissions, as determined during the initial and
periodic visual or physical inspection.
(2) For junction boxes subject to Sec. 60.692-2, the location, date,
and corrective action shall be recorded for inspections required by
Sec. 60.692-2(b) when a broken seal, gap, or other problem is identified
that could result in VOC emissions.
(3) For sewer lines subject to Secs. 60.692-2 and 60.693-1(e), the
location, date, and corrective action shall be recorded for inspections
required by Secs. 60.692-2(c) and 60.693-1(e) when a problem is
identified that could result in VOC emissions.
(c) For oil-water separators subject to Sec. 60.692-3, the location,
date, and corrective action shall be recorded for inspections required
by Sec. 60.692-3(a) when a problem is identified that could result in
VOC emissions.
(d) For closed vent systems subject to Sec. 60.692-5 and completely
closed drain systems subject to Sec. 60.693-1, the location, date, and
corrective action shall be recorded for inspections required by
Sec. 60.692-5(e) during which detectable emissions are measured or a
problem is identified that could result in VOC emissions.
(e)(1) If an emission point cannot be repaired or corrected without
a process unit shutdown, the expected date of a successful repair shall
be recorded.
(2) The reason for the delay as specified in Sec. 60.692-6 shall be
recorded if an emission point or equipment problem is not repaired or
corrected in the specified amount of time.
(3) The signature of the owner or operator (or designee) whose
decision it was that repair could not be effected without refinery or
process shutdown shall be recorded.
(4) The date of successful repair or corrective action shall be
recorded.
(f)(1) A copy of the design specifications for all equipment used to
comply with the provisions of this subpart shall be kept for the life of
the source in a readily accessible location.
(2) The following information pertaining to the design
specifications shall be kept.
(i) Detailed schematics, and piping and instrumentation diagrams.
(ii) The dates and descriptions of any changes in the design
specifications.
(3) The following information pertaining to the operation and
maintenance of closed drain systems and closed vent systems shall be
kept in a readily accessible location.
(i) Documentation demonstrating that the control device will achieve
the required control efficiency during maximum loading conditions shall
be kept for the life of the facility. This documentation is to include a
general description of the gas streams that enter the control device,
including flow and volatile organic compound content under varying
liquid level conditions (dynamic and static) and manufacturer's design
specifications for the control device. If an enclosed combustion device
with a minimum residence time of 0.75 seconds and a minimum temperature
of 816 deg.C (1,500 deg.F) is used to meet the 95-percent requirement,
documentation that those conditions exist is sufficient to meet the
requirements of this paragraph.
(ii) For a carbon adsorption system that does not regenerate the
carbon
[[Page 177]]
bed directly onsite in the control device such as a carbon canister, the
design analysis shall consider the vent stream composition, constituent
concentrations, flow rate, relative humidity, and temperature. The
design analysis shall also establish the design exhaust vent stream
organic compound concentration level, capacity of carbon bed, type and
working capacity of activated carbon used for carbon bed, and design
carbon replacement interval based on the total carbon working capacity
of the control device and source operating schedule.
(iii) Periods when the closed vent systems and control devices
required in Sec. 60.692 are not operated as designed, including periods
when a flare pilot does not have a flame shall be recorded and kept for
2 years after the information is recorded.
(iv) Dates of startup and shutdown of the closed vent system and
control devices required in Sec. 60.692 shall be recorded and kept for 2
years after the information is recorded.
(v) The dates of each measurement of detectable emissions required
in Secs. 60.692, 60.693, or 60.692-5 shall be recorded and kept for 2
years after the information is recorded.
(vi) The background level measured during each detectable emissions
measurement shall be recorded and kept for 2 years after the information
is recorded.
(vii) The maximum instrument reading measured during each detectable
emission measurement shall be recorded and kept for 2 years after the
information is recorded.
(viii) Each owner or operator of an affected facility that uses a
thermal incinerator shall maintain continuous records of the temperature
of the gas stream in the combustion zone of the incinerator and records
of all 3-hour periods of operation during which the average temperature
of the gas stream in the combustion zone is more than 28 deg.C (50
deg.F) below the design combustion zone temperature, and shall keep such
records for 2 years after the information is recorded.
(ix) Each owner or operator of an affected facility that uses a
catalytic incinerator shall maintain continuous records of the
temperature of the gas stream both upstream and downstream of the
catalyst bed of the incinerator, records of all 3-hour periods of
operation during which the average temperature measured before the
catalyst bed is more than 28 deg.C (50 deg.F) below the design gas
stream temperature, and records of all 3-hour periods during which the
average temperature difference across the catalyst bed is less than 80
percent of the design temperature difference, and shall keep such
records for 2 years after the information is recorded.
(x) Each owner or operator of an affected facility that uses a
carbon adsorber shall maintain continuous records of the VOC
concentration level or reading of organics of the control device outlet
gas stream or inlet and outlet gas stream and records of all 3-hour
periods of operation during which the average VOC concentration level or
reading of organics in the exhaust gases, or inlet and outlet gas
stream, is more than 20 percent greater than the design exhaust gas
concentration level, and shall keep such records for 2 years after the
information is recorded.
(A) Each owner or operator of an affected facility that uses a
carbon adsorber which is regenerated directly onsite shall maintain
continuous records of the volatile organic compound concentration level
or reading of organics of the control device outlet gas stream or inlet
and outlet gas stream and records of all 3-hour periods of operation
during which the average volatile organic compound concentration level
or reading of organics in the exhaust gases, or inlet and outlet gas
stream, is more than 20 percent greater than the design exhaust gas
concentration level, and shall keep such records for 2 years after the
information is recorded.
(B) If a carbon adsorber that is not regenerated directly onsite in
the control device is used, then the owner or operator shall maintain
records of dates and times when the control device is monitored, when
breakthrough is measured, and shall record the date and time that the
existing carbon in the control device is replaced with fresh carbon.
(g) If an owner or operator elects to install a tightly sealed cap
or plug over
[[Page 178]]
a drain that is out of active service, the owner or operator shall keep
for the life of a facility in a readily accessible location, plans or
specifications which indicate the location of such drains.
(h) For stormwater sewer systems subject to the exclusion in
Sec. 60.692-1(d)(1), an owner or operator shall keep for the life of the
facility in a readily accessible location, plans or specifications which
demonstrate that no wastewater from any process units or equipment is
directly discharged to the stormwater sewer system.
(i) For ancillary equipment subject to the exclusion in Sec. 60.692-
1(d)(2), an owner or operator shall keep for the life of a facility in a
readily accessible location, plans or specifications which demonsrate
that the ancillary equipment does not come in contact with or store oily
wastewater.
(j) For non-contact cooling water systems subject to the exclusion
in Sec. 60.692-1(d)(3), an owner or operator shall keep for the life of
the facility in a readily accessible location, plans or specifications
which demonstrate that the cooling water does not contact hydrocarbons
or oily wastewater and is not recirculated through a cooling tower.
(k) For oil-water separators subject to Sec. 60.693-2, the location,
date, and corrective action shall be recorded for inspections required
by Secs. 60.693-2(a)(1)(iii)(A) and (B), and shall be maintained for the
time period specified in paragraphs (k)(1) and (2) of this section.
(1) For inspections required by Sec. 60.693-2(a)(1)(iii)(A), ten
years after the information is recorded.
(2) For inspections required by Sec. 60.693-2(a)(1)(iii)(B), two
years after the information is recorded.
[53 FR 47623, Nov. 23, 1985, as amended at 60 FR 43259, Aug. 18, 1995;
65 FR 61778, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.698 Reporting requirements.
(a) An owner or operator electing to comply with the provisions of
Sec. 60.693 shall notify the Administrator of the alternative standard
selected in the report required in Sec. 60.7.
(b)(1) Each owner or operator of a facility subject to this subpart
shall submit to the Administrator within 60 days after initial startup a
certification that the equipment necessary to comply with these
standards has been installed and that the required initial inspections
or tests of process drains, sewer lines, junction boxes, oil-water
separators, and closed vent systems and control devices have been
carried out in accordance with these standards. Thereafter, the owner or
operator shall submit to the Administrator semiannually a certification
that all of the required inspections have been carried out in accordance
with these standards.
(2) Each owner or operator of an affected facility that uses a flare
shall submit to the Administrator within 60 days after initial startup,
as required under Sec. 60.8(a), a report of the results of the
performance test required in Sec. 60.696(c).
(c) A report that summarizes all inspections when a water seal was
dry or otherwise breached, when a drain cap or plug was missing or
improperly installed, or when cracks, gaps, or other problems were
identified that could result in VOC emissions, including information
about the repairs or corrective action taken, shall be submitted
initially and semiannually thereafter to the Administrator.
(d) As applicable, a report shall be submitted semiannually to the
Administrator that indicates:
(1) Each 3-hour period of operation during which the average
temperature of the gas stream in the combustion zone of a thermal
incinerator, as measured by the temperature monitoring device, is more
than 28 deg.C (50 deg.F) below the design combustion zone temperature,
(2) Each 3-hour period of operation during which the average
temperature of the gas stream immediately before the catalyst bed of a
catalytic incinerator, as measured by the temperature monitoring device,
is more than 28 deg.C (50 deg.F) below the design gas stream
temperature, and any 3-hour period during which the average temperature
difference across the catalyst bed (i.e., the difference between the
temperatures of the gas stream immediately before and after the catalyst
bed), as
[[Page 179]]
measured by the temperature monitoring device, is less than 80 percent
of the design temperature difference, or,
(3) Each 3-hour period of operation during which the average VOC
concentration level or reading of organics in the exhaust gases from a
carbon adsorber is more than 20 percent greater than the design exhaust
gas concentration level or reading.
(i) Each 3-hour period of operation during which the average
volatile organic compound concentration level or reading of organics in
the exhaust gases from a carbon adsorber which is regenerated directly
onsite is more than 20 percent greater than the design exhaust gas
concentration level or reading.
(ii) Each occurrence when the carbon in a carbon adsorber system
that is not regenerated directly onsite in the control device is not
replaced at the predetermined interval specified in
Sec. 60.695(a)(3)(ii).
(e) If compliance with the provisions of this subpart is delayed
pursuant to Sec. 60.692-7, the notification required under 40 CFR
60.7(a)(4) shall include the estimated date of the next scheduled
refinery or process unit shutdown after the date of notification and the
reason why compliance with the standards is technically impossible
without a refinery or process unit shutdown.
[53 FR 47623, Nov. 23, 1988, as amended at 60 FR 43260, Aug. 18, 1995]
Sec. 60.699 Delegation of authority.
(a) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority to a
State under section 111(c) of the Act, the authorities contained in
paragraph (b) of this section shall be retained by the Administrator and
not transferred to a State.
(b) Authorities which will not be delegated to States:
Sec. 60.694 Permission to use alternative means of emission
limitations.
[53 FR 47623, Nov. 23, 1985]
Subpart RRR_Standards of Performance for Volatile Organic Compound
Emissions From Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI)
Reactor Processes
Source: 58 FR 45962, Aug. 31, 1993, unless otherwise noted.
Sec. 60.700 Applicability and designation of affected facility.
(a) The provisions of this subpart apply to each affected facility
designated in paragraph (b) of this section that is part of a process
unit that produces any of the chemicals listed in Sec. 60.707 as a
product, co-product, by-product, or intermediate, except as provided in
paragraph (c) of this section.
(b) The affected facility is any of the following for which
construction, modification, or reconstruction commenced after June 29,
1990:
(1) Each reactor process not discharging its vent stream into a
recovery system.
(2) Each combination of a reactor process and the recovery system
into which its vent stream is discharged.
(3) Each combination of two or more reactor processes and the common
recovery system into which their vent streams are discharged.
(c) Exemptions from the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section
are as follows:
(1) Any reactor process that is designed and operated as a batch
operation is not an affected facility.
(2) Each affected facility that has a total resource effectiveness
(TRE) index value greater than 8.0 is exempt from all provisions of this
subpart except for Secs. 60.702(c); 60.704 (d), (e), and (f); and 60.705
(g), (l)(1), (l)(6), and (t).
(3) Each affected facility in a process unit with a total design
capacity for all chemicals produced within that unit of less than 1
gigagram per year (1,100 tons per year) is exempt from all provisions of
this subpart except for the recordkeeping and reporting requirements in
Sec. 60.705 (i), (l)(5), and (n).
(4) Each affected facility operated with a vent stream flow rate
less than
[[Page 180]]
0.011 scm/min is exempt from all provisions of this subpart except for
the test method and procedure and the recordkeeping and reporting
requirements in Secs. 60.704(g) and 70.705 (h), (l)(4), and (o).
(5) If the vent stream from an affected facility is routed to a
distillation unit subject to subpart NNN and has no other releases to
the air except for a pressure relief valve, the facility is exempt from
all provisions of this subpart except for Sec. 60.705(r).
(6) Any reactor process operating as part of a process unit which
produces beverage alcohols, or which uses, contains, and produces no VOC
is not an affected facility.
(7) Any reactor process that is subject to the provisions of subpart
DDD is not an affected facility.
(8) Each affected facility operated with a concentration of total
organic compounds (TOC) (less methane and ethane) in the vent stream
less than 300 ppmv as measured by Method 18 or a concentration of TOC in
the vent stream less than 150 ppmv as measured by Method 25A is exempt
from all provisions of this subpart except for the test method and
procedure and the reporting and recordkeeping requirements in
Sec. 60.704(h) and paragraphs (j), (l)(8), and (p) of Sec. 60.705.
(d) Alternative means of compliance--(1) Option to comply with part
65. Owners or operators of process vents that are subject to this
subpart may choose to comply with the provisions of 40 CFR part 65,
subpart D, to satisfy the requirements of Secs. 60.702 through 60.705
and 60.708. The provisions of 40 CFR part 65 also satisfy the criteria
of paragraphs (c)(2), (4), and (8) of this section. Other provisions
applying to an owner or operator who chooses to comply with 40 CFR part
65 are provided in 40 CFR 65.1.
(2) Part 60, subpart A. Owners or operators who choose to comply
with 40 CFR part 65, subpart D, must also comply with Secs. 60.1, 60.2,
60.5, 60.6, 60.7(a)(1) and (4), 60.14, 60.15, and 60.16 for those
process vents. All sections and paragraphs of subpart A of this part
that are not mentioned in this paragraph (d)(2) do not apply to owners
or operators of process vents complying with 40 CFR part 65, subpart D,
except that provisions required to be met prior to implementing 40 CFR
part 65 still apply. Owners and operators who choose to comply with 40
CFR part 65, subpart D, must comply with 40 CFR part 65, subpart A.
(3) Compliance date. Owners or operators who choose to comply with
40 CFR part 65, subpart D at initial startup shall comply with
paragraphs (d)(1) and (2) of this section for each vent stream on and
after the date on which the initial performance test is completed, but
not later than 60 days after achieving the maximum production rate at
which the affected facility will be operated, or 180 days after the
initial startup, whichever date comes first.
(4) Initial startup notification. Each owner or operator subject to
the provisions of this subpart that chooses to comply with 40 CFR part
65, subpart D, at initial startup shall notify the Administrator of the
specific provisions of 40 CFR 65.63(a)(1), (2), or (3), with which the
owner or operator has elected to comply. Notification shall be submitted
with the notifications of initial startup required by 40 CFR 65.5(b).
(Note: The intent of these standards is to minimize emissions of VOC
through the application of best demonstrated technology (BDT). The
numerical emission limits in these standards are expressed in terms of
TOC, measured as TOC less methane and ethane. This emission limit
reflects the performance of BDT.)
[58 FR 45962, Aug. 31, 1993, as amended at 60 FR 58238, Nov. 27, 1995;
65 FR 78279, Dec. 14, 2000]
Sec. 60.701 Definitions.
As used in this subpart, all terms not defined here shall have the
meaning given them in the Act and in subpart A of part 60, and the
following terms shall have the specific meanings given them.
Batch operation means any noncontinuous reactor process that is not
characterized by steady-state conditions and in which reactants are not
added and products are not removed simultaneously.
Boiler means any enclosed combustion device that extracts useful
energy in the form of steam and is not an incinerator.
[[Page 181]]
By compound means by individual stream components, not carbon
equivalents.
Car-seal means a seal that is placed on a device that is used to
change the position of a valve (e.g., from opened to closed) in such a
way that the position of the valve cannot be changed without breaking
the seal.
Combustion device means an individual unit of equipment, such as an
incinerator, flare, boiler, or process heater, used for combustion of a
vent stream discharged from the process vent.
Continuous recorder means a data recording device recording an
instantaneous data value at least once every 15 minutes.
Flame zone means the portion of the combustion chamber in a boiler
occupied by the flame envelope.
Flow indicator means a device which indicates whether gas flow is
present in a line.
Halogenated vent stream means any vent stream determined to have a
total concentration (by volume) of compounds containing halogens of 20
ppmv (by compound) or greater.
Incinerator means an enclosed combustion device that is used for
destroying organic compounds. If there is energy recovery, the energy
recovery section and the combustion chambers are not of integral design.
That is, the energy recovery section and the combustion section are not
physically formed into one manufactured or assembled unit but are joined
by ducts or connections carrying flue gas.
Primary fuel means the fuel fired through a burner or a number of
similar burners. The primary fuel provides the principal heat input to
the device, and the amount of fuel is sufficient to sustain operation
without the addition of other fuels.
Process heater means a device that transfers heat liberated by
burning fuel directly to process streams or to heat transfer liquids
other than water.
Process unit means equipment assembled and connected by pipes or
ducts to produce, as intermediates or final products, one or more of the
chemicals in Sec. 60.707. A process unit can operate independently if
supplied with sufficient feed or raw materials and sufficient product
storage facilities.
Product means any compound or chemical listed in Sec. 60.707 which
is produced for sale as a final product as that chemical, or for use in
the production of other chemicals or compounds. By-products, co-
products, and intermediates are considered to be products.
Reactor processes are unit operations in which one or more
chemicals, or reactants other than air, are combined or decomposed in
such a way that their molecular structures are altered and one or more
new organic compounds are formed.
Recovery device means an individual unit of equipment, such as an
absorber, carbon adsorber, or condenser, capable of and used for the
purpose of recovering chemicals for use, reuse, or sale.
Recovery system means an individual recovery device or series of
such devices applied to the same vent stream.
Relief valve means a valve used only to release an unplanned,
nonroutine discharge. A relief valve discharge results from an operator
error, a malfunction such as a power failure or equipment failure, or
other unexpected cause that requires immediate venting of gas from
process equipment in order to avoid safety hazards or equipment damage.
Secondary fuel means a fuel fired through a burner other than a
primary fuel burner. The secondary fuel may provide supplementary heat
in addition to the heat provided by the primary fuel.
Total organic compounds or TOC means those compounds measured
according to the procedures in Sec. 60.704(b)(4). For the purposes of
measuring molar composition as required in Sec. 60.704(d)(2)(i) and
Sec. 60.704(d)(2)(ii), hourly emission rate as required in
Sec. 60.704(d)(5) and Sec. 60.704(e), and TOC concentration as required
in Sec. 60.705(b)(4) and Sec. 60.705(f)(4), those compounds which the
Administrator has determined do not contribute appreciably to the
formation of ozone are to be excluded.
Total resource effectiveness or TRE index value means a measure of
the supplemental total resource requirement per unit reduction of TOC
associated
[[Page 182]]
with a vent stream from an affected reactor process facility, based on
vent stream flow rate, emission rate of TOC, net heating value, and
corrosion properties (whether or not the vent stream contains
halogenated compounds), as quantified by the equation given under
Sec. 60.704(e).
Vent stream means any gas stream discharged directly from a reactor
process to the atmosphere or indirectly to the atmosphere after
diversion through other process equipment. The vent stream excludes
relief valve discharges and equipment leaks.
Sec. 60.702 Standards.
Each owner or operator of any affected facility shall comply with
paragraph (a), (b), or (c) of this section for each vent stream on and
after the date on which the initial performance test required by
Sec. 60.8 and Sec. 60.704 is completed, but not later than 60 days after
achieving the maximum production rate at which the affected facility
will be operated, or 180 days after the initial start-up, whichever date
comes first. Each owner or operator shall either:
(a) Reduce emissions of TOC (less methane and ethane) by 98 weight-
percent, or to a TOC (less methane and ethane) concentration of 20 ppmv,
on a dry basis corrected to 3 percent oxygen, whichever is less
stringent. If a boiler or process heater is used to comply with this
paragraph, then the vent stream shall be introduced into the flame zone
of the boiler or process heater; or
(b) Combust the emissions in a flare that meets the requirements of
Sec. 60.18; or
(c) Maintain a TRE index value greater than 1.0 without use of a VOC
emission control device.
Sec. 60.703 Monitoring of emissions and operations.
(a) The owner or operator of an affected facility that uses an
incinerator to seek to comply with the TOC emission limit specified
under Sec. 60.702(a) shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate
according to manufacturer's specifications the following equipment:
(1) A temperature monitoring device equipped with a continuous
recorder and having an accuracy of [1 percent of the temperature being
monitored expressed in degrees Celsius or [0.5 deg.C, whichever is
greater.
(i) Where an incinerator other than a catalytic incinerator is used,
a temperature monitoring device shall be installed in the firebox or in
the ductwork immediately downstream of the firebox in a position before
any substantial heat exchange is encountered.
(ii) Where a catalytic incinerator is used, temperature monitoring
devices shall be installed in the gas stream immediately before and
after the catalyst bed.
(2) A flow indicator that provides a record of vent stream flow
diverted from being routed to the incinerator at least once every 15
minutes for each affected facility, except as provided in paragraph
(a)(2)(ii) of this section.
(i) The flow indicator shall be installed at the entrance to any
bypass line that could divert the vent stream from being routed to the
incinerator, resulting in its emission to the atmosphere.
(ii) Where the bypass line valve is secured in the closed position
with a car-seal or a lock-and-key type configuration, a flow indicator
is not required. A visual inspection of the seal or closure mechanism
shall be performed at least once every month to ensure that the valve is
maintained in the closed position and the vent stream is not diverted
through the bypass line.
(b) The owner or operator of an affected facility that uses a flare
to seek to comply with Sec. 60.702(b) shall install, calibrate,
maintain, and operate according to manufacturer's specifications the
following equipment:
(1) A heat sensing device, such as an ultraviolet beam sensor or
thermocouple, at the pilot light to indicate the continuous presence of
a flame.
(2) A flow indicator that provides a record of vent stream flow
diverted from being routed to the flare at least once every 15 minutes
for each affected facility, except as provided in paragraph (b)(2)(ii)
of this section.
(i) The flow indicator shall be installed at the entrance to any
bypass line that could divert the vent stream from being routed to the
flare, resulting in its emission to the atmosphere.
[[Page 183]]
(ii) Where the bypass line valve is secured in the closed position
with a car-seal or a lock-and-key type configuration, a flow indicator
is not required. A visual inspection of the seal or closure mechanism
shall be performed at least once every month to ensure that the valve is
maintained in the closed position and the vent stream is not diverted
through the bypass line.
(c) The owner or operator of an affected facility that uses a boiler
or process heater to seek to comply with Sec. 60.702(a) shall install,
calibrate, maintain and operate according to the manufacturer's
specifications the following equipment:
(1) A flow indicator that provides a record of vent stream flow
diverted from being routed to the boiler or process heater at least once
every 15 minutes for each affected facility, except as provided in
paragraph (c)(1)(ii) of this section.
(i) The flow indicator shall be installed at the entrance to any
bypass line that could divert the vent stream from being routed to the
boiler or process heater, resulting in its emission to the atmosphere.
(ii) Where the bypass line valve is secured in the closed position
with a car-seal or a lock-and-key type configuration, a flow indicator
is not required. A visual inspection of the seal or closure mechanism
shall be performed at least once every month to ensure that the valve is
maintained in the closed position and the vent stream is not diverted
through the bypass line.
(2) A temperature monitoring device in the firebox equipped with a
continuous recorder and having an accuracy of [1 percent of the
temperature being monitored expressed in degrees Celsius or [0.5 deg.C,
whichever is greater, for boilers or process heaters of less than 44 MW
(150 million Btu/hr) design heat input capacity. Any vent stream
introduced with primary fuel into a boiler or process heater is exempt
from this requirement.
(d) The owner or operator of an affected facility that seeks to
demonstrate compliance with the TRE index value limit specified under
Sec. 60.702(c) shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate according
to manufacturer's specifications the following equipment, unless
alternative monitoring procedures or requirements are approved for that
facility by the Administrator:
(1) Where an absorber is the final recovery device in the recovery
system:
(i) A scrubbing liquid temperature monitoring device having an
accuracy of [1 percent of the temperature being monitored expressed in
degrees Celsius or [0.5 deg.C, whichever is greater, and a specific
gravity monitoring device having an accuracy of [0.02 specific gravity
units, each equipped with a continuous recorder; or
(ii) An organic monitoring device used to indicate the concentration
level of organic compounds exiting the recovery device based on a
detection principle such as infra-red, photoionization, or thermal
conductivity, each equipped with a continuous recorder.
(2) Where a condenser is the final recovery device in the recovery
system:
(i) A condenser exit (product side) temperature monitoring device
equipped with a continuous recorder and having an accuracy of [1 percent
of the temperature being monitored expressed in degrees Celsius or [0.5
deg.C, whichever is greater; or
(ii) An organic monitoring device used to indicate the concentration
level of organic compounds exiting the recovery device based on a
detection principle such as infra-red, photoionization, or thermal
conductivity, each equipped with a continuous recorder.
(3) Where a carbon adsorber is the final recovery device unit in the
recovery system:
(i) An integrating steam flow monitoring device having an accuracy
of [10 percent, and a carbon bed temperature monitoring device having an
accuracy of [1 percent of the temperature being monitored expressed in
degrees Celsius or [0.5 deg.C, whichever is greater, both equipped with
a continuous recorder; or
(ii) An organic monitoring device used to indicate the concentration
level of organic compounds exiting the recovery device based on a
detection principle such as infra-red,
[[Page 184]]
photoionization, or thermal conductivity, each equipped with a
continuous recorder.
(e) An owner or operator of an affected facility seeking to
demonstrate compliance with the standards specified under Sec. 60.702
with a control device other than an incinerator, boiler, process heater,
or flare; or a recovery device other than an absorber, condenser, or
carbon adsorber, shall provide to the Administrator information
describing the operation of the control device or recovery device and
the process parameter(s) which would indicate proper operation and
maintenance of the device. The Administrator may request further
information and will specify appropriate monitoring procedures or
requirements.
Sec. 60.704 Test methods and procedures.
(a) For the purpose of demonstrating compliance with Sec. 60.702,
all affected facilities shall be run at full operating conditions and
flow rates during any performance test.
(b) The following methods in appendix A to this part, except as
provided under Sec. 60.8(b), shall be used as reference methods to
determine compliance with the emission limit or percent reduction
efficiency specified under Sec. 60.702(a).
(1) Method 1 or 1A, as appropriate, for selection of the sampling
sites. The control device inlet sampling site for determination of vent
stream molar composition or TOC (less methane and ethane) reduction
efficiency shall be prior to the inlet of the control device and after
the recovery system.
(2) Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D, as appropriate, for determination of
the gas volumetric flow rates.
(3) The emission rate correction factor, integrated sampling and
analysis procedure of Method 3B shall be used to determine the oxygen
concentration (%O2d) for the purposes of determining
compliance with the 20 ppmv limit. The sampling site shall be the same
as that of the TOC samples, and the samples shall be taken during the
same time that the TOC samples are taken. The TOC concentration
corrected to 3 percent O2 (Cc) shall be computed using the
following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR31AU93.006
where:
Cc = Concentration of TOC corrected to 3 percent
O2, dry basis, ppm by volume.
CTOC = Concentration of TOC (minus methane and ethane), dry
basis, ppm by volume.
%O2d = Concentration of O2, dry basis, percent by
volume.
(4) Method 18 to determine the concentration of TOC in the control
device outlet and the concentration of TOC in the inlet when the
reduction efficiency of the control device is to be determined.
(i) The minimum sampling time for each run shall be 1 hour in which
either an integrated sample or four grab samples shall be taken. If grab
sampling is used, then the samples shall be taken at approximately 15-
minute intervals.
(ii) The emission reduction (R) of TOC (minus methane and ethane)
shall be determined using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR31AU93.007
where:
R = Emission reduction, percent by weight.
Ei = Mass rate of TOC entering the control device, kg TOC/hr.
Eo = Mass rate of TOC discharged to the atmosphere, kg TOC/
hr.
(iii) The mass rates of TOC (Ei, Eo) shall be
computed using the following equations:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR31AU93.008
where:
Cij, Coj = Concentration of sample component ``j''
of the gas stream at the inlet and outlet of the control
device, respectively, dry basis, ppm by volume.
Mij, Moj = Molecular weight of sample component
``j'' of the gas stream at the inlet and outlet of the control
device, respectively, g/g-mole (lb/lb-mole).
[[Page 185]]
Qi, Qo = Flow rate of gas stream at the inlet and
outlet of the control device, respectively, dscm/min (dscf/
hr).
K2 = Constant, 2.494 x 10-6 (l/ppm) (g-mole/scm)
(kg/g) (min/hr), where standard temperature for (g-mole/scm)
is 20 deg.C.
(iv) The TOC concentration (CTOC) is the sum of the
individual components and shall be computed for each run using the
following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR31AU93.009
where:
CTOC = Concentration of TOC (minus methane and ethane), dry
basis, ppm by volume.
Cj = Concentration of sample components ``j'', dry basis, ppm
by volume.
n = Number of components in the sample.
(5) The requirement for an initial performance test is waived, in
accordance with Sec. 60.8(b), for the following:
(i) When a boiler or process heater with a design heat input
capacity of 44 MW (150 million Btu/hour) or greater is used to seek
compliance with Sec. 60.702(a).
(ii) When a vent stream is introduced into a boiler or process
heater with the primary fuel.
(iii) The Administrator reserves the option to require testing at
such other times as may be required, as provided for in section 114 of
the Act.
(6) For purposes of complying with the 98 weight-percent reduction
in Sec. 60.702(a), if the vent stream entering a boiler or process
heater with a design capacity less than 44 MW (150 million Btu/hour) is
introduced with the combustion air or as secondary fuel, the weight-
percent reduction of TOC (minus methane and ethane) across the
combustion device shall be determined by comparing the TOC (minus
methane and ethane) in all combusted vent streams, primary fuels, and
secondary fuels with the TOC (minus methane and ethane) exiting the
combustion device.
(c) When a flare is used to seek to comply with Sec. 60.702(b), the
flare shall comply with the requirements of Sec. 60.18.
(d) The following test methods in appendix A to this part, except as
provided under Sec. 60.8(b), shall be used for determining the net
heating value of the gas combusted to determine compliance under
Sec. 60.702(b) and for determining the process vent stream TRE index
value to determine compliance under Secs. 60.700(c)(2) and 60.702(c).
(1)(i) Method 1 or 1A, as appropriate, for selection of the sampling
site. The sampling site for the vent stream flow rate and molar
composition determination prescribed in Sec. 60.704 (d)(2) and (d)(3)
shall be, except for the situations outlined in paragraph (d)(1)(ii) of
this section, prior to the inlet of any control device, prior to any
postreactor dilution of the stream with air, and prior to any
postreactor introduction of halogenated compounds into the process vent
stream. No traverse site selection method is needed for vents smaller
than 4 inches in diameter.
(ii) If any gas stream other than the reactor vent stream is
normally conducted through the final recovery device:
(A) The sampling site for vent stream flow rate and molar
composition shall be prior to the final recovery device and prior to the
point at which any nonreactor stream or stream from a nonaffected
reactor process is introduced.
(B) The efficiency of the final recovery device is determined by
measuring the TOC concentration using Method 18 at the inlet to the
final recovery device after the introduction of any vent stream and at
the outlet of the final recovery device.
(C) This efficiency of the final recovery device shall be applied to
the TOC concentration measured prior to the final recovery device and
prior to the introduction of any nonreactor stream or stream from a
nonaffected reactor process to determine the concentration of TOC in the
reactor process vent stream from the final recovery device. This
concentration of TOC is then used to perform the calculations outlined
in Sec. 60.704(d) (4) and (5).
(2) The molar composition of the process vent stream shall be
determined as follows:
(i) Method 18 to measure the concentration of TOC including those
containing halogens.
(ii) ASTM D1946-77 or 90 (Reapproved 1994) (incorporation by
reference as
[[Page 186]]
specified in Sec. 60.17 of this part) to measure the concentration of
carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
(iii) Method 4 to measure the content of water vapor.
(3) The volumetric flow rate shall be determined using Method 2, 2A,
2C, or 2D, as appropriate.
(4) The net heating value of the vent stream shall be calculated
using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR31AU93.010
where:
HT = Net heating value of the sample, MJ/scm, where the net
enthalpy per mole of vent stream is based on combustion at 25
deg.C and 760 mm Hg, but the standard temperature for
determining the volume corresponding to one mole is 20 deg.C,
as in the definition of Qs (vent stream flow rate).
K1 = Constant, 1.740 x 10-7 (l/ppm) (g-mole/scm)
(MJ/kcal), where standard temperature for (g-mole/scm) is 20
deg.C.
Cj = Concentration on a dry basis of compound j in ppm, as
measured for organics by Method 18 and measured for hydrogen
and carbon monoxide by ASTM D1946-77 or 90 (Reapproved 1994)
(incorporation by reference as specified in Sec. 60.17 of this
part) as indicated in Sec. 60.704(d)(2).
Hj = Net heat of combustion of compound j, kcal/g-mole, based
on combustion at 25 deg.C and 760 mm Hg. The heats of
combustion of vent stream components would be required to be
determined using ASTM D2382-76 or 88 or D4809-95
(incorporation by reference as specified in Sec. 60.17 of this
part) if published values are not available or cannot be
calculated.
Bws = Water vapor content of the vent stream, proportion by
volume.
(5) The emission rate of TOC in the vent stream shall be calculated
using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR31AU93.011
where:
ETOC = Emission rate of TOC in the sample, kg/hr.
K2 = Constant, 2.494 x 10-6 (l/ppm) (g-mole/scm)
(kg/g) (min/hr), where standard temperature for (g-mole/scm)
is 20 deg.C.
Cj = Concentration on a dry basis of compound j in ppm as
measured by Method 18 as indicated in Sec. 60.704(d)(2).
Mj = Molecular weight of sample j, g/g-mole.
Qs = Vent stream flow rate (dscm/min) at a temperature of 20
deg.C.
(6) The total vent stream concentration (by volume) of compounds
containing halogens (ppmv, by compound) shall be summed from the
individual concentrations of compounds containing halogens which were
measured by Method 18.
(e) For purposes of complying with Secs. 60.700(c)(2) and 60.702(c),
the owner or operator of a facility affected by this subpart shall
calculate the TRE index value of the vent stream using the equation for
incineration in paragraph (e)(1) of this section for halogenated vent
streams. The owner or operator of an affected facility with a
nonhalogenated vent stream shall determine the TRE index value by
calculating values using both the incinerator equation in (e)(1) of this
section and the flare equation in (e)(2) of this section and selecting
the lower of the two values.
(1) The equation for calculating the TRE index value of a vent
stream controlled by an incinerator is as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR27NO95.000
(i) Where for a vent stream flow rate (scm/min) at a standard
temperature of 20 deg.C that is greater than or equal to 14.2 scm/min:
TRE = TRE index value.
Qs = Vent stream flow rate (scm/min) at a standard
temperature of 20 deg.C.
HT = Vent stream net heating value (MJ/scm), where the net
enthalpy per mole of vent stream is based on combustion at 25
[[Page 187]]
deg.C and 760 mm Hg, but the standard temperature for
determining the volume corresponding to one mole is 20 deg.C
as in the definition of Qs.
Ys = Qs for all vent stream categories listed in
table 1 except for Category E vent streams where Ys
= (Qs)(HT)/3.6.
ETOC = Hourly emissions of TOC reported in kg/hr.
a, b, c, d, e, and f are coefficients. The set of coefficients that
apply to a vent stream can be obtained from table 1.
Table 1--Total Resource Effectiveness Coefficients for Vent Streams Controlled by an Incinerator Subject to the
New Source Performance Standards for Reactor Processes
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a b c d e f
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DESIGN CATEGORY A1. FOR HALOGENATED PROCESS VENT STREAMS, IF 0NET HEATING VALUE (MJ/scm)3.5: Qs = Vent Stream
Flow Rate (scm/min)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14.2Qs18.8.............................. 19.18370 0.27580 0.75762 ^0.13064 0 0.01025
18.83.5: Qs = Vent Stream
Flow Rate (scm/min)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14.23.6: Ys = Dilution
Flow Rate (scm/min) = (Qs) (HT)/3.6
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14.2Ys1,180............................. 6.67868 0 0 ^0.00707 0.02220 0.01025
1,180s = 14.2 scm/min.
HT = (FLOW)(HVAL)/14.2
where the following inputs are used:
FLOW = Vent stream flow rate (scm/min), at a standard temperature of 20
deg.C.
HVAL = Vent stream net heating value (MJ/scm), where the net enthalpy
per mole of vent stream is based on combustion at 25 deg.C
and 760 mm Hg, but the standard temperature for determining
the volume corresponding to one mole is 20 deg.C as in
definition of Qs.
Ys = 14.2 scm/min for all vent streams except for Category E
vent streams, where Ys = (14.2)(HT)/3.6.
[[Page 188]]
ETOC = Hourly emissions of TOC reported in kg/hr.
a, b, c, d, e, and f are coefficients. The set of coefficients that
apply to a vent stream can be obtained from table 1.
(2) The equation for calculating the TRE index value of a vent
stream controlled by a flare is as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR31AU93.013
where:
TRE = TRE index value.
ETOC = Hourly emission rate of TOC reported in kg/hr.
Qs = Vent stream flow rate (scm/min) at a standard
temperature of 20 deg.C.
HT = Vent stream net heating value (MJ/scm) where the net
enthalpy per mole of offgas is based on combustion at 25
deg.C and 760 mm Hg, but the standard temperature for
determining the volume corresponding to one mole is 20 deg.C
as in the definition of Qs.
a, b, c, d, and e are coefficients. The set of coefficients that apply
to a vent stream can be obtained from table 2.
Table 2--Total Resource Effectiveness Coefficients for Vent Streams Controlled by a Flare Subject to the New
Source Performance Standards for Reactor Processes
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a b c d e
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HT<11.2 MJ/scm........................................ 2.25 0.288 ^0.193 ^0.0051 2.08
HT11.2 MJ/scm......................................... 0.309 0.0619 ^0.0043 ^0.0034 2.08
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(f) Each owner or operator of an affected facility seeking to comply
with Sec. 60.700(c)(2) or Sec. 60.702(c) shall recalculate the TRE index
value for that affected facility whenever process changes are made.
Examples of process changes include changes in production capacity,
feedstock type, or catalyst type, or whenever there is replacement,
removal, or addition of recovery equipment. The TRE index value shall be
recalculated based on test data, or on best engineering estimates of the
effects of the change on the recovery system.
(1) Where the recalculated TRE index value is less than or equal to
1.0, the owner or operator shall notify the Administrator within 1 week
of the recalculation and shall conduct a performance test according to
the methods and procedures required by Sec. 60.704 in order to determine
compliance with Sec. 60.702 (a) or (b). Performance tests must be
conducted as soon as possible after the process change but no later than
180 days from the time of the process change.
(2) Where the recalculated TRE index value is less than or equal to
8.0 but greater than 1.0, the owner or operator shall conduct a
performance test in accordance with Secs. 60.8 and 60.704 and shall
comply with Secs. 60.703, 60.704 and 60.705. Performance tests must be
conducted as soon as possible after the process change but no later than
180 days from the time of the process change.
(g) Any owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
seeking to demonstrate compliance with Sec. 60.700(c)(4) shall use
Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60, as appropriate,
for determination of volumetric flow rate.
(h) Each owner or operator seeking to demonstrate that a reactor
process vent stream has a TOC concentration for compliance with the low
concentration exemption in Sec. 60.700(c)(8) shall conduct an initial
test to measure TOC concentration.
(1) The sampling site shall be selected as specified in paragraph
(d)(1)(i) of this section.
[[Page 189]]
(2) Method 18 or Method 25A of part 60, appendix A shall be used to
measure concentration.
(3) Where Method 18 is used to qualify for the low concentration
exclusion in Sec. 60.700(c)(8), the procedures in Sec. 60.704(b)(4) (i)
and (iv) shall be used to measure TOC concentration, and the procedures
of Sec. 60.704(b)(3) shall be used to correct the TOC concentration to 3
percent oxygen. To qualify for the exclusion, the results must
demonstrate that the concentration of TOC, corrected to 3 percent
oxygen, is below 300 ppm by volume.
(4) Where Method 25A is used, the following procedures shall be used
to calculate ppm by volume TOC concentration, corrected to 3 percent
oxygen:
(i) Method 25A shall be used only if a single organic compound is
greater than 50 percent of total TOC, by volume, in the reactor process
vent stream. This compound shall be the principal organic compound.
(ii) The principal organic compound may be determined by either
process knowledge or test data collected using an appropriate EPA
Reference Method. Examples of information that could constitute process
knowledge include calculations based on material balances, process
stoichiometry, or previous test results provided the results are still
relevant to the current reactor process vent stream conditions.
(iii) The principal organic compound shall be used as the
calibration gas for Method 25A.
(iv) The span value for Method 25A shall be 300 ppmv.
(v) Use of Method 25A is acceptable if the response from the high-
level calibration gas is at least 20 times the standard deviation of the
response from the zero calibration gas when the instrument is zeroed on
the most sensitive scale.
(vi) The owner or operator shall demonstrate that the concentration
of TOC including methane and ethane measured by Method 25A, corrected to
3 percent oxygen, is below 150 ppm by volume to qualify for the low
concentration exclusion in Sec. 60.700(c)(8).
(vii) The concentration of TOC shall be corrected to 3 percent
oxygen using the procedures and equation in paragraph (b)(3) of this
section.
[58 FR 45962, Aug. 31, 1993, as amended at 60 FR 58238, Nov. 27, 1995;
65 FR 61778, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.705 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
(a) Each owner or operator subject to Sec. 60.702 shall notify the
Administrator of the specific provisions of Sec. 60.702 (Sec. 60.702
(a), (b), or (c)) with which the owner or operator has elected to
comply. Notification shall be submitted with the notification of initial
start-up required by Sec. 60.7(a)(3). If an owner or operator elects at
a later date to use an alternative provision of Sec. 60.702 with which
he or she will comply, then the Administrator shall be notified by the
owner or operator 90 days before implementing a change and, upon
implementing the change, a performance test shall be performed as
specified by Sec. 60.704 no later than 180 days from initial start-up.
(b) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall keep an up-to-date, readily accessible record of the following
data measured during each performance test, and also include the
following data in the report of the initial performance test required
under Sec. 60.8. Where a boiler or process heater with a design heat
input capacity of 44 MW (150 million Btu/hour) or greater is used or
where the reactor process vent stream is introduced as the primary fuel
to any size boiler or process heater to comply with Sec. 60.702(a), a
report containing performance test data need not be submitted, but a
report containing the information in Sec. 60.705(b)(2)(i) is required.
The same data specified in this section shall be submitted in the
reports of all subsequently required performance tests where either the
emission control efficiency of a combustion device, outlet concentration
of TOC, or the TRE index value of a vent stream from a recovery system
is determined.
(1) Where an owner or operator subject to the provisions of this
subpart seeks to demonstrate compliance with Sec. 60.702(a) through use
of either a thermal or catalytic incinerator:
[[Page 190]]
(i) The average firebox temperature of the incinerator (or the
average temperature upstream and downstream of the catalyst bed for a
catalytic incinerator), measured at least every 15 minutes and averaged
over the same time period of the performance testing, and
(ii) The percent reduction of TOC determined as specified in
Sec. 60.704(b) achieved by the incinerator, or the concentration of TOC
(ppmv, by compound) determined as specified in Sec. 60.704(b) at the
outlet of the control device on a dry basis corrected to 3 percent
oxygen.
(2) Where an owner or operator subject to the provisions of this
subpart seeks to demonstrate compliance with Sec. 60.702(a) through use
of a boiler or process heater:
(i) A description of the location at which the vent stream is
introduced into the boiler or process heater, and
(ii) The average combustion temperature of the boiler or process
heater with a design heat input capacity of less than 44 MW (150 million
Btu/hr) measured at least every 15 minutes and averaged over the same
time period of the performance testing.
(3) Where an owner or operator subject to the provisions of this
subpart seeks to demonstrate compliance with Sec. 60.702(b) through use
of a smokeless flare, flare design (i.e., steam-assisted, air-assisted
or nonassisted), all visible emission readings, heat content
determinations, flow rate measurements, and exit velocity determinations
made during the performance test, continuous records of the flare pilot
flame monitoring, and records of all periods of operations during which
the pilot flame is absent.
(4) Where an owner or operator subject to the provisions of this
subpart seeks to demonstrate compliance with Sec. 60.702(c):
(i) Where an absorber is the final recovery device in the recovery
system, the exit specific gravity (or alternative parameter which is a
measure of the degree of absorbing liquid saturation, if approved by the
Administrator), and average exit temperature, of the absorbing liquid
measured at least every 15 minutes and averaged over the same time
period of the performance testing (both measured while the vent stream
is normally routed and constituted); or
(ii) Where a condenser is the final recovery device in the recovery
system, the average exit (product side) temperature measured at least
every 15 minutes and averaged over the same time period of the
performance testing while the vent stream is routed and constituted
normally; or
(iii) Where a carbon adsorber is the final recovery device in the
recovery system, the total steam mass flow measured at least every 15
minutes and averaged over the same time period of the performance test
(full carbon bed cycle), temperature of the carbon bed after
regeneration [and within 15 minutes of completion of any cooling
cycle(s)], and duration of the carbon bed steaming cycle (all measured
while the vent stream is routed and constituted normally); or
(iv) As an alternative to Sec. 60.705(b)(4) (i), (ii) or (iii), the
concentration level or reading indicated by the organics monitoring
device at the outlet of the absorber, condenser, or carbon adsorber,
measured at least every 15 minutes and averaged over the same time
period of the performance testing while the vent stream is normally
routed and constituted.
(v) All measurements and calculations performed to determine the TRE
index value of the vent stream.
(c) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall keep up-to-date, readily accessible continuous records of the
equipment operating parameters specified to be monitored under
Sec. 60.703 (a) and (c) as well as up-to-date, readily accessible
records of periods of operation during which the parameter boundaries
established during the most recent performance test are exceeded. The
Administrator may at any time require a report of these data. Where a
combustion device is used to comply with Sec. 60.702(a), periods of
operation during which the parameter boundaries established during the
most recent performance tests are exceeded are defined as follows:
(1) For thermal incinerators, all 3-hour periods of operation during
which the average combustion temperature was more than 28 deg.C (50
deg.F) below the
[[Page 191]]
average combustion temperature during the most recent performance test
at which compliance with Sec. 60.702(a) was determined.
(2) For catalytic incinerators, all 3-hour periods of operation
during which the average temperature of the vent stream immediately
before the catalyst bed is more than 28 deg.C (50 deg.F) below the
average temperature of the vent stream during the most recent
performance test at which compliance with Sec. 60.702(a) was determined.
The owner or operator also shall record all 3-hour periods of operation
during which the average temperature difference across the catalyst bed
is less than 80 percent of the average temperature difference of the bed
during the most recent performance test at which compliance with
Sec. 60.702(a) was determined.
(3) All 3-hour periods of operation during which the average
combustion temperature was more than 28 deg.C (50 deg.F) below the
average combustion temperature during the most recent performance test
at which compliance with Sec. 60.702(a) was determined for boilers or
process heaters with a design heat input capacity of less than 44 MW
(150 million Btu/hr) where the vent stream is introduced with the
combustion air or as a secondary fuel.
(4) For boilers or process heaters, whenever there is a change in
the location at which the vent stream is introduced into the flame zone
as required under Sec. 60.702(a).
(d) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall keep records of the following:
(1) Up-to-date, readily accessible continuous records of the flow
indication specified under Sec. 60.703(a)(2)(i), Sec. 60.703(b)(2)(i)
and Sec. 60.703(c)(1)(i), as well as up-to-date, readily accessible
records of all periods and the duration when the vent stream is diverted
from the control device.
(2) Where a seal mechanism is used to comply with
Sec. 60.703(a)(2)(ii), Sec. 60.703(b)(2)(ii), and Sec. 60.703(c)(1)(ii),
a record of continuous flow is not required. In such cases, the owner or
operator shall keep up-to-date, readily accessible records of all
monthly visual inspections of the seals as well as readily accessible
records of all periods and the duration when the seal mechanism is
broken, the bypass line valve position has changed, the serial number of
the broken car-seal has changed, or when the key for a lock-and-key type
configuration has been checked out.
(e) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall keep up-to-date, readily accessible continuous records of the
flare pilot flame monitoring specified under Sec. 60.703(b), as well as
up-to-date, readily accessible records of all periods of operations in
which the pilot flame is absent.
(f) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall keep up-to-date, readily accessible continuous records of the
equipment operating parameters specified to be monitored under
Sec. 60.703(d), as well as up-to-date, readily accessible records of
periods of operation during which the parameter boundaries established
during the most recent performance test are exceeded. The Administrator
may at any time require a report of these data. Where an owner or
operator seeks to comply with Sec. 60.702(c), periods of operation
during which the parameter boundaries established during the most recent
performance tests are exceeded are defined as follows:
(1) Where an absorber is the final recovery device in a recovery
system, and where an organic compound monitoring device is not used:
(i) All 3-hour periods of operation during which the average
absorbing liquid temperature was more than 11 deg.C (20 deg.F) above
the average absorbing liquid temperature during the most recent
performance test, or
(ii) All 3-hour periods of operation during which the average
absorbing liquid specific gravity was more than 0.1 unit above, or more
than 0.1 unit below, the average absorbing liquid specific gravity
during the most recent performance test (unless monitoring of an
alternative parameter, which is a measure of the degree of absorbing
liquid saturation, is approved by the Administrator, in which case he
will define appropriate parameter boundaries and periods of operation
during which they are exceeded).
(2) Where a condenser is the final recovery device in a system, and
where
[[Page 192]]
an organic compound monitoring device is not used, all 3-hour periods of
operation during which the average exit (product side) condenser
operating temperature was more than 6 deg.C (11 deg.F) above the
average exit (product side) operating temperature during the most recent
performance test.
(3) Where a carbon adsorber is the final recovery device in a
system, and where an organic compound monitoring device is not used:
(i) All carbon bed regeneration cycles during which the total mass
steam flow was more than 10 percent below the total mass steam flow
during the most recent performance test, or
(ii) All carbon bed regeneration cycles during which the temperature
of the carbon bed after regeneration (and after completion of any
cooling cycle(s)) was more than 10 percent or 5 deg.C greater,
whichever is less stringent, than the carbon bed temperature (in degrees
Celsius) during the most recent performance test.
(4) Where an absorber, condenser, or carbon adsorber is the final
recovery device in the recovery system and where an organic compound
monitoring device is used, all 3-hour periods of operation during which
the average organic compound concentration level or reading of organic
compounds in the exhaust gases is more than 20 percent greater than the
exhaust gas organic compound concentration level or reading measured by
the monitoring device during the most recent performance test.
(g) Each owner or operator of an affected facility subject to the
provisions of this subpart and seeking to demonstrate compliance with
Sec. 60.702(c) shall keep up-to-date, readily accessible records of:
(1) Any changes in production capacity, feedstock type, or catalyst
type, or of any replacement, removal or addition of recovery equipment
or reactors;
(2) Any recalculation of the TRE index value performed pursuant to
Sec. 60.704(f); and
(3) The results of any performance test performed pursuant to the
methods and procedures required by Sec. 60.704(d).
(h) Each owner or operator of an affected facility that seeks to
comply with the requirements of this subpart by complying with the flow
rate cutoff in Sec. 60.700(c)(4) shall keep up-to-date, readily
accessible records to indicate that the vent stream flow rate is less
than 0.011 scm/min and of any change in equipment or process operation
that increases the operating vent stream flow rate, including a
measurement of the new vent stream flow rate.
(i) Each owner or operator of an affected facility that seeks to
comply with the requirements of this subpart by complying with the
design production capacity provision in Sec. 60.700(c)(3) shall keep up-
to-date, readily accessible records of any change in equipment or
process operation that increases the design production capacity of the
process unit in which the affected facility is located.
(j) Each owner or operator of an affected facility that seeks to
comply with the requirements of this subpart by complying with the low
concentration exemption in Sec. 60.700(c)(8) shall keep up-to-date,
readily accessible records of any change in equipment or process
operation that increases the concentration of the vent stream of the
affected facility.
(k) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
is exempt from the quarterly reporting requirements contained in
Sec. 60.7(c) of the General Provisions.
(l) Each owner or operator that seeks to comply with the
requirements of this subpart by complying with the requirements of
Sec. 60.700 (c)(2), (c)(3), or (c)(4) or Sec. 60.702 shall submit to the
Administrator semiannual reports of the following recorded information.
The initial report shall be submitted within 6 months after the initial
start-up date.
(1) Exceedances of monitored parameters recorded under Sec. 60.705
(c), (f), and (g).
(2) All periods and duration recorded under Sec. 60.705(d) when the
vent stream is diverted from the control device to the atmosphere.
(3) All periods recorded under Sec. 60.705(f) in which the pilot
flame of the flare was absent.
(4) Any change in equipment or process operation that increases the
operating vent stream flow rate above the
[[Page 193]]
low flow exemption level in Sec. 60.700(c)(4), including a measurement
of the new vent stream flow rate, as recorded under Sec. 60.705(i).
These must be reported as soon as possible after the change and no later
than 180 days after the change. These reports may be submitted either in
conjunction with semiannual reports or as a single separate report. A
performance test must be completed within the same time period to verify
the recalculated flow value and to obtain the vent stream
characteristics of heating value and ETOC. The performance
test is subject to the requirements of Sec. 60.8 of the General
Provisions. Unless the facility qualifies for an exemption under any of
the exemption provisions listed in Sec. 60.700(c), except for the total
resource effectiveness index greater than 8.0 exemption in
Sec. 60.700(c)(2), the facility must begin compliance with the
requirements set forth in Sec. 60.702.
(5) Any change in equipment or process operation, as recorded under
paragraph (i) of this section, that increases the design production
capacity above the low capacity exemption level in Sec. 60.700(c)(3) and
the new capacity resulting from the change for the reactor process unit
containing the affected facility. These must be reported as soon as
possible after the change and no later than 180 days after the change.
These reports may be submitted either in conjunction with semiannual
reports or as a single separate report. A performance test must be
completed within the same time period to obtain the vent stream flow
rate, heating value, and ETOC. The performance test is
subject to the requirements of Sec. 60.8. The facility must begin
compliance with the requirements set forth in Sec. 60.702 or
Sec. 60.700(d). If the facility chooses to comply with Sec. 60.702, the
facility may qualify for an exemption under Sec. 60.700(c)(2), (4), or
(8).
(6) Any recalculation of the TRE index value, as recorded under
Sec. 60.705(g).
(7) All periods recorded under Sec. 60.705(d) in which the seal
mechanism is broken or the by-pass line valve position has changed. A
record of the serial number of the car-seal or a record to show that the
key to unlock the bypass line valve was checked out must be maintained
to demonstrate the period, the duration, and frequency in which the
bypass line was operated.
(8) Any change in equipment or process operation that increases the
vent stream concentration above the low concentration exemption level in
Sec. 60.700(c)(8), including a measurement of the new vent stream
concentration, as recorded under Sec. 60.705(j). These must be reported
as soon as possible after the change and no later than 180 days after
the change. These reports may be submitted either in conjunction with
semiannual reports or as a single separate report. If the vent stream
concentration is above 300 ppmv as measured using Method 18 or above 150
ppmv as measured using Method 25A, a performance test must be completed
within the same time period to obtain the vent stream flow rate, heating
value, and ETOC. The performance test is subject to the
requirements of Sec. 60.8 of the General Provisions. Unless the facility
qualifies for an exemption under any of the exemption provisions listed
in Sec. 60.700(c), except for the TRE index greater than 8.0 exemption
in Sec. 60.700(c)(2), the facility must begin compliance with the
requirements set forth in Sec. 60.702.
(m) The requirements of Sec. 60.705(l) remain in force until and
unless EPA, in delegating enforcement authority to a State under section
111(c) of the Act, approves reporting requirements or an alternative
means of compliance surveillance adopted by such State. In that event,
affected sources within the State will be relieved of the obligation to
comply with Sec. 60.705(l), provided that they comply with the
requirements established by the State.
(n) Each owner or operator that seeks to demonstrate compliance with
Sec. 60.700(c)(3) must submit to the Administrator an initial report
detailing the design production capacity of the process unit.
(o) Each owner or operator that seeks to demonstrate compliance with
Sec. 60.700(c)(4) must submit to the Administrator an initial report
including a flow rate measurement using the test methods specified in
Sec. 60.704.
(p) Each owner or operator that seeks to demonstrate compliance with
[[Page 194]]
Sec. 60.700(c)(8) must submit to the Administrator an initial report
including a concentration measurement using the test method specified in
Sec. 60.704.
(q) The Administrator will specify appropriate reporting and
recordkeeping requirements where the owner or operator of an affected
facility complies with the standards specified under Sec. 60.702 other
than as provided under Sec. 60.703 (a), (b), (c), and (d).
(r) Each owner or operator whose reactor process vent stream is
routed to a distillation unit subject to subpart NNN and who seeks to
demonstrate compliance with Sec. 60.700(c)(5) shall submit to the
Administrator a process design description as part of the initial
report. This process design description must be retained for the life of
the process. No other records or reports would be required unless
process changes are made.
(s) Each owner or operator who seeks to demonstrate compliance with
Sec. 60.702 (a) or (b) using a control device must maintain on file a
schematic diagram of the affected vent streams, collection system(s),
fuel systems, control devices, and bypass systems as part of the initial
report. This schematic diagram must be retained for the life of the
system.
(t) Each owner or operator that seeks to demonstrate compliance with
Sec. 60.700(c)(2) must maintain a record of the initial test for
determining the total resource effectiveness index and the results of
the initial total resource effectiveness index calculation.
[58 FR 45962, Aug. 31, 1993, as amended at 60 FR 58238, Nov. 27, 1995;
65 FR 78279, Dec. 14, 2000]
Sec. 60.706 Reconstruction.
(a) For purposes of this subpart ``fixed capital cost of the new
components,'' as used in Sec. 60.15, includes the fixed capital cost of
all depreciable components which are or will be replaced pursuant to all
continuous programs of component replacement which are commenced within
any 2-year period following June 29, 1990. For purposes of this
paragraph, ``commenced'' means that an owner or operator has undertaken
a continuous program of component replacement or that an owner or
operator has entered into a contractual obligation to undertake and
complete, within a reasonable time, a continuous program of component
replacement.
(b) [Reserved]
Sec. 60.707 Chemicals affected by subpart RRR.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chemical CAS No. \1\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acetaldehyde............................................ 75-07-0
Acetic acid............................................. 64-19-7
Acetic anhydride........................................ 108-24-7
Acetone................................................. 67-64-1
Acetone cyanohydrin..................................... 75-86-5
Acetylene............................................... 74-86-2
Acrylic acid............................................ 79-10-7
Acrylonitrile........................................... 107-13-1
Adipic acid............................................. 124-04-9
Adiponitrile............................................ 111-69-3
Alcohols, C-11 or lower, mixtures.......................
Alcohols, C-12 or higher, mixtures......................
Alcohols, C-12 or higher, unmixed.......................
Allyl chloride.......................................... 107-05-1
Amylene................................................. 513-35-9
Amylenes, mixed.........................................
Aniline................................................. 62-53-3
Benzene................................................. 71-43-2
Benzenesulfonic acid.................................... 98-11-3
Benzenesulfonic acid C10 16-alkyl derivatives, sodium 68081-81-2
salts..................................................
Benzyl chloride......................................... 100-44-7
Bisphenol A............................................. 80-05-7
Brometone............................................... 76-08-4
1,3-Butadiene........................................... 106-99-0
Butadiene and butene fractions..........................
n-Butane................................................ 106-97-8
1,4-Butanediol.......................................... 110-63-4
Butanes, mixed..........................................
1-Butene................................................ 106-98-9
2-Butene................................................ 25167-67-3
Butenes, mixed..........................................
n-Butyl acetate......................................... 123-86-4
Butyl acrylate.......................................... 141-32-2
n-Butyl alcohol......................................... 71-36-3
sec-Butyl alcohol....................................... 78-92-2
tert-Butyl alcohol...................................... 75-65-0
Butylbenzyl phthalate................................... 85-68-7
tert-Butyl hydroperoxide................................ 75-91-2
2-Butyne-1,4-diol....................................... 110-65-6
Butyraldehyde........................................... 123-72-8
Butyric anhydride....................................... 106-31-0
Caprolactam............................................. 105-60-2
Carbon disulfide........................................ 75-15-0
Carbon tetrachloride.................................... 56-23-5
Chloroacetic acid....................................... 79-11-8
Chlorobenzene........................................... 108-90-7
Chlorodifluoromethane................................... 75-45-6
Chloroform.............................................. 67-66-3
p-Chloronitrobenzene.................................... 100-00-5
Citric acid............................................. 77-92-9
Cumene.................................................. 98-82-8
Cumene hydroperoxide.................................... 80-15-9
Cyanuric chloride....................................... 108-77-0
Cyclohexane............................................. 110-82-7
Cyclohexane, oxidized................................... 68512-15-2
Cyclohexanol............................................ 108-93-0
Cyclohexanone........................................... 108-94-1
Cyclohexanone oxime..................................... 100-64-1
Cyclohexene............................................. 110-83-8
Cyclopropane............................................ 75-19-4
Diacetone alcohol....................................... 123-42-2
1,4-Dichlorobutene...................................... 110-57-6
3,4-Dichloro-1-butene................................... 64037-54-3
[[Page 195]]
Dichlorodifluoromethane................................. 75-71-8
Dichlorodimethylsilane.................................. 75-78-5
Dichlorofluoromethane................................... 75-43-4
Diethanolamine.......................................... 111-42-2
Diethylbenzene.......................................... 25340-17-4
Diethylene glycol....................................... 111-46-6
Di-isodecyl phthalate................................... 26761-40-0
Dimethyl terephthalate.................................. 120-61-6
2,4-(and 2,6)-dinitrotoluene............................ 121-14-2
606-20-2
Dioctyl phthalate....................................... 117-81-7
Dodecene................................................ 25378-22-7
Dodecylbenzene, nonlinear...............................
Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid............................. 27176-87-0
Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt................ 25155-30-0
Epichlorohydrin......................................... 106-89-8
Ethanol................................................. 64-17-5
Ethanolamine............................................ 141-43-5
Ethyl acetate........................................... 141-78-6
Ethyl acrylate.......................................... 140-88-5
Ethylbenzene............................................ 100-41-4
Ethyl chloride.......................................... 75-00-3
Ethylene................................................ 74-85-1
Ethylene dibromide...................................... 106-93-4
Ethylene dichloride..................................... 107-06-2
Ethylene glycol......................................... 107-21-1
Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether......................... 111-76-2
Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate................. 111-15-9
Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether........................ 109-86-4
Ethylene oxide.......................................... 75-21-8
2-Ethylhexyl alcohol.................................... 104-76-7
(2-Ethylhexyl) amine.................................... 104-75-6
6-Ethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro 9,10-anthracenedione......... 15547-17-8
Formaldehyde............................................ 50-00-0
Glycerol................................................ 56-81-5
n-Heptane............................................... 142-82-5
Heptenes (mixed)........................................
Hexamethylene diamine................................... 124-09-4
Hexamethylene diamine adipate........................... 3323-53-3
Hexamethylenetetramine.................................. 100-97-0
Hexane.................................................. 110-54-3
Isobutane............................................... 75-28-5
Isobutanol.............................................. 78-83-1
Isobutylene............................................. 115-11-7
Isobutyraldehyde........................................ 78-84-2
Isopentane.............................................. 78-78-4
Isoprene................................................ 78-79-5
Isopropanol............................................. 67-63-0
Ketene.................................................. 463-51-4
Linear alcohols, ethoxylated, mixed.....................
Linear alcohols, ethoxylated, and sulfated, sodium salt,
mixed..................................................
Linear alcohols, sulfated, sodium salt, mixed...........
Linear alkylbenzene..................................... 123-01-3
Maleic anhydride........................................ 108-31-6
Mesityl oxide........................................... 141-79-7
Methanol................................................ 67-56-1
Methylamine............................................. 74-39-5
ar-Methylbenzenediamine................................. 25376-45-8
Methyl chloride......................................... 74-87-3
Methylene chloride...................................... 75-09-2
Methyl ethyl ketone..................................... 78-93-3
Methyl isobutyl ketone.................................. 108-10-1
Methyl methacrylate..................................... 80-62-6
1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone.................................. 872-50-4
Methyl tert-butyl ether.................................
Naphthalene............................................. 91-20-3
Nitrobenzene............................................ 98-95-3
1-Nonene................................................ 27215-95-8
Nonyl alcohol........................................... 143-08-8
Nonylphenol............................................. 25154-52-3
Nonylphenol, ethoxylated................................ 9016-45-9
Octene.................................................. 25377-83-7
Oil-soluble petroleum sulfonate, calcium salt...........
Pentaerythritol......................................... 115-77-5
3-Pentenenitrile........................................ 4635-87-4
Pentenes, mixed......................................... 109-67-1
Perchloroethylene....................................... 127-18-4
Phenol.................................................. 108-95-2
1-Phenylethyl hydroperoxide............................. 3071-32-7
Phenylpropane........................................... 103-65-1
Phosgene................................................ 75-44-5
Phthalic anhydride...................................... 85-44-9
Propane................................................. 74-98-6
Propionaldehyde......................................... 123-38-6
Propyl alcohol.......................................... 71-23-8
Propylene............................................... 115-07-1
Propylene glycol........................................ 57-55-6
Propylene oxide......................................... 75-56-9
Sorbitol................................................ 50-70-4
Styrene................................................. 100-42-5
Terephthalic acid....................................... 100-21-0
Tetraethyl lead......................................... 78-00-2
Tetrahydrofuran......................................... 109-99-9
Tetra (methyl-ethyl) lead...............................
Tetramethyl lead........................................ 75-74-1
Toluene................................................. 108-88-3
Toluene-2,4-diamine..................................... 95-80-7
Toluene-2,4-(and, 2,6)-diisocyanate (80/20 mixture)..... 26471-62-5
1,1,1-Trichloroethane................................... 71-55-6
1,1,2-Trichloroethane................................... 79-00-5
Trichloroethylene....................................... 79-01-6
Trichlorofluoromethane.................................. 75-69-4
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane................... 76-13-1
Triethanolamine......................................... 102-71-6
Triethylene glycol...................................... 112-27-6
Vinyl acetate........................................... 108-05-4
Vinyl chloride.......................................... 75-01-4
Vinylidene chloride..................................... 75-35-4
m-Xylene................................................ 108-38-3
o-Xylene................................................ 95-47-6
p-Xylene................................................ 106-42-3
Xylenes (mixed)......................................... 1330-20-7
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ CAS numbers refer to the Chemical Abstracts Registry numbers
assigned to specific chemicals, isomers, or mixtures of chemicals.
Some isomers or mixtures that are covered by the standards do not have
CAS numbers assigned to them. The standards apply to all of the
chemicals listed, whether CAS numbers have been assigned or not.
[58 FR 45962, Aug. 31, 1993, as amended at 60 FR 58238, Nov. 27, 1995]
Sec. 60.708 Delegation of authority.
(a) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority to a
State under section 111(c) of the Act, the authorities contained in
paragraph (b) of this section shall be retained by the Administrator and
not transferred to a State.
(b) Authorities which will not be delegated to States:
Sec. 60.703(e).
Subpart SSS_Standards of Performance for Magnetic Tape Coating
Facilities
Source: 53 FR 38914, Oct. 3, 1988, unless otherwise noted.
[[Page 196]]
Sec. 60.710 Applicability and designation of affected facility.
(a) The affected facilities to which the provisions of this subpart
apply are:
(1) Each coating operation; and
(2) Each piece of coating mix preparation equipment.
(b) Any new coating operation that utilizes less than 38 m\3\ of
solvent or any modified or reconstructed coating operation that utilizes
less than 370 m\3\ of solvent for the manufacture of magnetic tape per
calendar year is subject only to the requirements of Secs. 60.714(a),
60.717(b), and 60.717(c). If the amount of solvent utilized for the
manufacture of magnetic tape equals or exceeds these amounts in any
calendar year, the facility is subject to Sec. 60.712 and all other
sections of this subpart. Once a facility has become subject to
Sec. 60.712 and all other sections of this subpart, it will remain
subject to those requirements regardless of changes in annual solvent
utilization.
(c) This subpart applies to any affected facility for which
construction, modification, or reconstruction begins after January 22,
1986.
Sec. 60.711 Definitions, symbols, and cross reference tables.
(a) All terms used in this subpart that are not defined below have
the meaning given to them in the Act and in subpart A of this part.
(1) Base film means the substrate that is coated to produce magnetic
tape.
(2) Capture system means any device or combination of devices that
contains or collects an airborne pollutant and directs it into a duct.
(3) Coating applicator means any apparatus used to apply a coating
to a continuous base film.
(4) Coating mix preparation equipment means all mills, mixers,
holding tanks, polishing tanks, and other equipment used in the
preparation of the magnetic coating formulation but does not include
those mills that do not emit VOC because they are closed, sealed, and
operated under pressure.
(5) Coating operation means any coating applicator, flashoff area,
and drying oven located between a base film unwind station and a base
film rewind station that coat a continuous base film to produce magnetic
tape.
(6) Common emission control device means a control device
controlling emissions from the coating operation as well as from another
emission source within the plant.
(7) Concurrent means construction of a control device is commenced
or completed within the period beginning 6 months prior to the date
construction of affected coating mix preparation equipment commences and
ending 2 years after the date construction of affected coating mix
preparation equipment is completed.
(8) Control device means any apparatus that reduces the quantity of
a pollutant emitted to the air.
(9) Cover means, with respect to coating mix preparation equipment,
a device that lies over the equipment opening to prevent VOC from
escaping and that meets the requirements found in Sec. 60.712(c)(1)-(5).
(10) Drying oven means a chamber in which heat is used to bake,
cure, polymerize, or dry a surface coating.
(11) Equivalent diameter means four times the area of an opening
divided by its perimeter.
(12) Flashoff area means the portion of a coating operation between
the coating applicator and the drying oven where solvent begins to
evaporate from the coated base film.
(13) Magnetic tape means any flexible substrate that is covered on
one or both sides with a coating containing magnetic particles and that
is used for audio or video recording or information storage.
(14) Natural draft opening means any opening in a room, building, or
total enclosure that remains open during operation of the facility and
that is not connected to a duct in which a fan is installed. The rate
and direction of the natural draft across such an opening is a
consequence of the difference in pressures on either side of the wall
containing the opening.
(15) Nominal 1-month period means a calendar month or, if
established prior to the performance test in a statement submitted with
notification of anticipated startup pursuant to 40 CFR
[[Page 197]]
60.7(a)(2), a similar monthly time period (e.g., 30-day month or
accounting month).
(16) Temporary enclosure means a total enclosure that is constructed
for the sole purpose of measuring the fugitive emissions from an
affected facility. A temporary enclosure must be constructed and
ventilated (through stacks suitable for testing) so that it has minimal
impact on the performance of the permanent capture system. A temporary
enclosure will be assumed to achieve total capture of fugitive VOC
emissions if it conforms to the requirements found in
Sec. 60.713(b)(5)(i) and if all natural draft openings are at least four
duct or hood equivalent diameters away from each exhaust duct or hood.
Alternatively, the owner or operator may apply to the Administrator for
approval of a temporary enclosure on a case-by-case basis.
(17) Total enclosure means a structure that is constructed around a
source of emissions so that all VOC emissions are collected and
exhausted through a stack or duct. With a total enclosure, there will be
no fugitive emissions, only stack emissions. The only openings in a
total enclosure are forced makeup air and exhaust ducts and any natural
draft openings such as those that allow raw materials to enter and exit
the enclosure for processing. All access doors or windows are closed
during routine operation of the enclosed source. Brief, occasional
openings of such doors or windows to accommodate process equipment
adjustments are acceptable, but, if such openings are routine or if an
access door remains open during the entire operation, the access door
must be considered a natural draft opening. The average inward face
velocity across the natural draft openings of the enclosure must be
calculated including the area of such access doors. The drying oven
itself may be part of the total enclosure. A permanent enclosure that
meets the requirements found in Sec. 60.713(b)(5)(i) is assumed to be a
total enclosure. The owner or operator of a permanent enclosure that
does not meet the requirements may apply to the Administrator for
approval of the enclosure as a total enclosure on a case-by-case basis.
Such approval shall be granted upon a demonstration to the satisfaction
of the Administrator that all VOC emissions are contained and vented to
the control device.
(18) Utilize refers to the use of solvent that is delivered to
coating mix preparation equipment for the purpose of formulating
coatings to be applied on an affected coating operation and any other
solvent (e.g., dilution solvent) that is added at any point in the
manufacturing process.
(19) VOC content of the coating applied means the product of Method
24 VOC analyses or formulation data (if the data are demonstrated to be
equivalent to Method 24 results) and the total volume of coating fed to
the coating applicator. This quantity is intended to include all VOC
that actually are emitted from the coating operation in the gaseous
phase. Thus, for purposes of the liquid-liquid VOC material balance in
Sec. 60.713(b)(1), any VOC (including dilution solvent) added to the
coatings must be accounted for, and any VOC contained in waste coatings
or retained in the final product may be measured and subtracted from the
total. (These adjustments are not necessary for the gaseous emission
test compliance provisions of Sec. 60.713(b).)
(20) Volatile Organic Compounds or VOC means any organic compounds
that participate in atmospheric photochemical reactions or that are
measured by Method 18, 24, 25, or 25A or an equivalent or alternative
method as defined in 40 CFR 60.2.
(b) The nomenclature used in this subpart has the following meaning:
(1) Ak = the area of each natural draft opening (k) in a
total enclosure, in square meters.
(2) Caj = the concentration of VOC in each gas stream (j)
exiting the emission control device, in parts per million by volume.
(3) Cbi = the concentration of VOC in each gas stream (i)
entering the emission control device, in parts per million by volume.
(4) Cdi = the concentration of VOC in each gas stream (i)
entering the emission control device from the affected coating
operation, in parts per million by volume.
[[Page 198]]
(5) Cfk = the concentration of VOC in each uncontrolled
gas stream (k) emitted directly to the atmosphere from the affected
coating operation, in parts per million by volume.
(6) Cgv = the concentration of VOC in the gas stream
entering each individual carbon adsorber vessel (v), in parts per
million by volume. For the purposes of calculating the efficiency of the
individual adsorber vessel, Cgv may be measured in the carbon
adsorption system's common inlet duct prior to the branching of
individual inlet ducts.
(7) Chv = the concentration of VOC in the gas stream
exiting each individual carbon adsorber vessel (v), in parts per million
by volume.
(8) E = the control device efficiency achieved for the duration of
the emission test (expressed as a fraction).
(9) F = the VOC emission capture efficiency of the VOC capture
system achieved for the duration of the emission test (expressed as a
fraction).
(10) FV = the average inward face velocity across all natural draft
openings in a total enclosure, in meters per hour.
(11) G = the calculated weighted average mass of VOC per volume of
coating solids (in kilograms per liter) applied each nominal 1-month
period.
(12) Hv = the individual carbon adsorber vessel (v)
efficiency achieved for the duration of the emission test (expressed as
a fraction).
(13) Hsys = the carbon adsorption system efficiency
calculated when each adsorber vessel has an individual exhaust stack.
(14) Lsi = the volume fraction of solids in each coating
(i) applied during a nominal 1-month period as determined from the
facility's formulation records.
(15) Mci = the total mass in kilograms of each coating
(i) applied at an affected coating operation during a nominal 1-month
period as determined from facility records. This quantity shall be
determined at a time and location in the process after all ingredients
(including any dilution solvent) have been added to the coating, or
appropriate adjustments shall be made to account for any ingredients
added after the mass of the coating has been determined.
(16) Mr = the total mass in kilograms of VOC recovered
for a nominal 1-month period.
(17) Qaj = the volumetric flow rate of each gas stream
(j) exiting the emission control device, in dry standard cubic meters
per hour when Method 18 or 25 is used to measure VOC concentration or in
standard cubic meters per hour (wet basis) when Method 25A is used to
measure VOC concentration.
(18) Qbi = the volumetric flow rate of each gas stream
(i) entering the emission control device, in dry standard cubic meters
per hour when Method 18 or 25 is used to measure VOC concentration or in
standard cubic meters per hour (wet basis) when Method 25A is used to
measure VOC concentration.
(19) Qdi = the volumetric flow rate of each gas stream
(i) entering the emission control device from the affected coating
operation, in dry standard cubic meters per hour when Method 18 or 25 is
used to measure VOC concentration or in standard cubic meters per hour
(wet basis) when Method 25A is used to measure VOC concentration.
(20) Qfk = the volumetric flow rate of each uncontrolled
gas stream (k) emitted directly to the atmosphere from the affected
coating operation, in dry standard cubic meters per hour when Method 18
or 25 is used to measure VOC concentration or in standard cubic meters
per hour (wet basis) when Method 25A is used to measure VOC
concentration.
(21) Qgv = the volumetric flow rate of the gas stream
entering each individual carbon adsorber vessel (v), in dry standard
cubic meters per hour when Method 18 or 25 is used to measure VOC
concentration or in standard cubic meters per hour (wet basis) when
Method 25A is used to measure VOC concentration. For purposes of
calculating the efficiency of the individual adsorber vessel, the value
of Qgv can be assumed to equal the value of Qhv
measured for that adsorber vessel.
(22) Qhv = the volumetric flow rate of the gas stream
exiting each individual carbon adsorber vessel (v), in dry standard
cubic meters per hour when Method 18 or 25 is used to measure VOC
concentration or in standard cubic meters per hour (wet basis) when
Method
[[Page 199]]
25A is used to measure VOC concentration.
(23) Qini = the volumetric flow rate of each gas stream
(i) entering the total enclosure through a forced makeup air duct, in
standard cubic meters per hour (wet basis).
(24) Qoutj = the volumetric flow rate of each gas stream
(j) exiting the total enclosure through an exhaust duct or hood, in
standard cubic meters per hour (wet basis).
(25) R = the overall VOC emission reduction achieved for the
duration of the emission test (expressed as a percentage).
(26) RSi = the total mass (kg) of VOC retained in the
coated base film after oven drying for a given magnetic tape product.
(27) Vci = the total volume in liters of each coating (i)
applied during a nominal 1-month period as determined from facility
records.
(28) Woi = the weight fraction of VOC in each coating (i)
applied at an affected coating operation during a nominal 1-month period
as determined by Method 24. This value shall be determined at a time and
location in the process after all ingredients (including any dilution
solvent) have been added to the coating, or appropriate adjustments
shall be made to account for any ingredients added after the weight
fraction of VOC in the coating has been determined.
(c) tables 1a and 1b present a cross reference of the affected
facility status and the relevant section(s) of the regulation.
Table 1a--Cross Reference \a b\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Compliance provisions \d\--Sec.
Status Standard \c\ 60.713
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A. Coating operation alone:
New........................... Sec. 60.712(a): Recover or destroy at (b)(1), (b)(2), (b)(3), (b)(4),
least 93 percent of the VOC applied. (b)(5), (c), (d)
Modified or reconstructed:
1. If at least 90 percent Sec. 60.712(b)(1): (i) Maintain (a)(1), (a)(3), (b)(1), (b)(2),
of the VOC applied is demonstrated level of VOC control or 93 (b)(3), (b)(4), (c), (d)
recovered or destroyed percent, whichever is lower.
prior to modification/ (ii) If the VOC control device is
reconstruction. subsequently replaced, the new control
device must be at least 95 percent
efficient, a demonstration must be made
that the overall level of VOC control is
at least as high as required with the
old control device (90 to 93 percent)
and, if the demonstrated level is higher
than the old level, maintain the higher
level of control (up to 93 percent).
2. If existing coating Sec. 60.712(b)(2): (i) Continue to vent (a)(2), (b)(5), (c), (d)
operation has a total all VOC emissions to the control device
enclosure vented to a and maintain control efficiency at or
control device that is at above the demonstrated level or 95
least 92 percent percent, whichever is lower.
efficient. (ii) If the VOC control device is
subsequently replaced, the new control
device must be at least 95 percent
efficient and all VOC emissions must be
vented from the total enclosure to the
new control device.
3. If existing coating Sec. 60.712(b)(3): Recover or destroy at (b)(1), (b)(2), (b)(3), (b)(4),
operation is not in the least 93 percent of the VOC applied. (b)(5), (c), (d)
previous two categories.
[[Page 200]]
B. Coating mix preparation
equipment alone:
New:
1. With concurrent Sec. 60.712(c): Install and use covers (b)(6)
construction of new VOC and vent to a control device that is at
control device (other least 95 percent efficient \e\.
than a condenser) on the
coating operation.
2. Without concurrent Sec. 60.712 (d)(1) or (d)(2): Install (b)(7), (b)(8)
construction of new VOC and use covers and vent to a control
control device on the device or install and use covers \e\.
coating operation or with
concurrent construction
of a condenser.
Modified or reconstructed..... Sec. 60.712 (d)(1) or (d)(2): Install (b)(7), (b)(8)
and use covers and vent to a control
device or install and use covers \e\.
C. Both coating operation and Sec. 60.712(e): In lieu of standards in (b)(9)
coating mix preparation Sec. 60.712(a)-(d), use coatings
equipment: New and modified or containing a maximum of 0.20 kg VOC per
reconstructed. liter of coating solids.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ This table is presented for the convenience of the user and is not intended to supercede the language of the
regulation. For the details of the requirements, refer to the text of the regulation.
\b\ Refer to part B to determine which subsections of Secs. 60.714, 60.715, and 60.717 correspond to each
compliance provision (Sec. 60.713).
\c\ As per Sec. 60.710(b), any new coating operation with solvent utilization <38 m\3\/yr or any modified or
reconstructed coating operation with solvent utilization <370 m\3\/yr is exempt from the VOC standards (Sec.
60.712). Such coating operations are subject only to Secs. 60.714(a), 60.717(b), and 60.717(c). However,
should a coating operation once exceed the applicable annual solvent utilization cutoff, that coating
operation shall be subject to the VOC standards (Sec. 60.712) and all other sections of the subpart. Once
this has occurred, the coating operation shall remain subject to those requirements regardless of changes in
annual solvent utilization.
\d\ As applicable.
\e\ Section 60.716 permits the use of an alternative means of VOC emission limitation that achieves an
equivalent or greater VOC emission reduction.
Table 1b--Cross Reference
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Installation of monitoring
Compliance provisions \a\--Sec. Test methods--Sec. 60.715 Category/equipment devices and recordkeeping--Sec. Reporting and monitoring
60.713 \b\ 60.714 requirements \c\--Sec. 60.717
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A. Coating operation alone:
(b)(1)--When emissions from (a) .................. (b), (i), (k) (a), (d)(1), (e), (h), (i)
only the affected coating
operation are controlled by
a solvent recovery device,
perform a liquid-liquid VOC
material balance.
(b)(2)--When emissions from (b)-(g) General (i), (k) (a), (e), (h), (i)
only the affected coating CA (c) (d)(3), (d)(4)
operation are controlled by CO (d) (d)(5)
an incinerator or when a TI (e) (d)(6)
common emission control CI (f) (d)(7)
device (other than a carbon PE, TE (g) (d)(8)
adsorption system with
individual exhaust stacks
for each adsorber vessel) is
used to control emissions
from an affected coating
operation as well as from
other sources of VOC,
perform a gaseous emission
test.
[[Page 201]]
(b)(3)--When emissions from (b)-(g) General (i), (k) (a), (e), (h), (i)
both the affected coating CA (c) (d)(3), (d)(4)
operation and from other PE, TE (g) (d)(8)
sources of VOC are
controlled by a carbon
adsorption system with
individual exhaust stacks
for each adsorber vessel,
perform a gaseous emission
test.
(b)(4)--When emissions from (b)-(g) General (i), (k) (a), (e), (h), (i)
more than one affected CA (c) (d)(3), (d)(4)
coating operation are vented CO (d) (d)(5)
through the same duct to a TI (e) (d)(6)
control device also CI (f) (d)(7)
controlling emissions from PE, TE (g) (d)(8)
nonaffected sources that are
vented separately from the
affected coating operations,
consider the combined
affected coating operations
as a single emission source
and conduct a compliance
test described in Sec.
60.713(b)(2) or (3).
(b)(5)--Alternative to Sec. (b)-(g) General (i), (k) (a), (e) (h), (i)
60.713(b)(1)-(4): CA (c) (d)(3), (d)(4)
Demonstrate that a total CO (d) (d)(5)
enclosure is installed TI (e) (d)(6)
around the coating operation CI (f) (d)(7)
and that all VOC emissions TE (h) (d)(8)
are vented to a control
device with the specified
efficiency.
B. Coating mix preparation
equipment alone:
(b)(6)--Demonstrate that (b)-(g) General (k) (a), (e), (h), (i)
covers meeting the CA (c) (d)(3), (d)(4)
requirements of Sec. TI (e) (d)(6)
60.712(c)(1)-(5) are CI (f) (d)(7)
installed and used properly;
procedures detailing the
proper use of covers are
posted; the mix equipment is
vented to a control device;
and the control device
efficiency is greater than
or equal to 95 percent.
(b)(7)--Demonstrate that
covers meeting the
requirements of Sec.
60.712(c)(1)-(5) are
installed and used properly;
procedures detailing the
proper use of covers are
posted; and the mix
equipment is vented to a
control device.
(b)(8)--Demonstrate that
covers meeting the
requirement of Sec.
60.712(c)(1)-(5) are
installed and used properly
and that procedures
detailing the proper use of
the covers are posted.
C. Both coating operation and (a) .................. (i), (j) (k) (d)(2), (e), (g), (h), (i)
coating mix preparation
equipment: (b)(9)--Determine
that weighted average mass of
VOC in the coating per volume of
coating solids applied for each
month.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Section 60.713(a) specifies the procedures to be used prior to modification/reconstruction to establish the applicability of the VOC standards in
Sec. 60.712(b)(1) and (2) for modified/reconstructed coating operations. Section 60.713(a)(1) requires the use of the procedures of Sec.
60.713(b)(1), (2), (3), or (4) to demonstrate prior to modification/reconstruction that 90 percent of the applied VOC is recovered or destroyed.
Section 60.713(a)(2) requires the use of procedures of Sec. 60.713(b)(5) to demonstrate prior to modification/reconstruction that the coating
operation has a total enclosure vented to a control device that is at least 92 percent efficient. Sections 60.713(c) and (d) do not have corresponding
test methods, monitoring, reporting, or recordkeeping requirements.
\b\ TI = thermal incinerator; CI = catalytic incinerator; CA = carbon adsorber; CO = condenser; PE = partial enclosure; TE = total enclosure.
\c\ See Sec. 60.717(f) for additional reporting requirements when coating mix preparation equipment is constructed at a time when no coating operation
is being constructed. See Sec. 60.717(g) for addition reporting requirements when coating mix preparation equipment is constructed at the same time
as an affected coating operation.
[53 FR 38914, Oct. 3, 1988; 53 FR 43799, Oct. 28, 1988, as amended at 53
FR 47955, Nov. 29, 1988; 53 FR 49822, Dec. 9, 1988]
[[Page 202]]
Sec. 60.712 Standards for volatile organic compounds.
Each owner or operator of any affected facility that is subject to
the requirements of this subpart shall comply with the emission
limitations set forth in this section on and after the date on which the
initial performance test required by Sec. 60.8 is completed, but not
later than 60 days after achieving the maximum production rate at which
the affected facility will be operated or 180 days after initial
startup, whichever date comes first.
(a) Each owner or operator shall control emissions from a new
coating operation by recovering or destroying at least 93 percent of the
VOC content of the coating applied at the coating applicator.
(b) Each owner or operator of a modified or reconstructed coating
operation shall meet the appropriate standard set out in (b)(1), (2), or
(3) of this section.
(1) For coating operations demonstrated prior to modification or
reconstruction pursuant to Sec. 60.713(a)(1) to have emissions
controlled by the recovery or destruction of at least 90 percent of the
VOC content of the coating applied at the coating applicator.
(i) Subject to the provisions of (b)(1)(ii) of this section, each
owner or operator shall continue to control emissions from the coating
operation to at least the demonstrated level or 93 percent, whichever is
lower.
(ii) If the VOC control device in use during the emission reduction
demonstration made pursuant to Sec. 60.713(a)(1) is subsequently
replaced, each owner or operator shall:
(A) Install a control device that is at least 95 percent efficient;
and
(B) Control emissions from the coating operation to at least the
level determined pursuant to Sec. 60.713(a)(3)(ii).
(2) For coating operations demonstrated prior to modification or
reconstruction pursuant to Sec. 60.713(a)(2) to have a total enclosure
installed around the coating operation and all VOC emissions ventilated
to a control device that is at least 92 percent efficient.
(i) Subject to the provisions of (b)(2)(ii) of this section, each
owner or operator shall continue to ventilate all VOC emissions from the
total enclosure to the control device and maintain control device
efficiency at or above the demonstrated level or 95 percent, whichever
is lower.
(ii) If the VOC control device in use during the control device
efficiency demonstration made pursuant to Sec. 60.713(a)(2) is
subsequently replaced, each owner or operator shall install a VOC
control device that is at least 95 percent efficient and ventilate all
VOC emissions from the total enclosure to the control device.
(3) For coating operations not subject to paragraph (b)(1) or (2) of
this section, each owner or operator shall control emissions from the
coating operation by recovering or destroying at least 93 percent of the
VOC content of the coating applied at the coating applicator.
(c) Each owner or operator constructing new coating mix preparation
equipment with concurrent construction of a new VOC control device
(other than a condenser) on a magnetic tape coating operation shall
control emissions from the coating mix preparation equipment by
installing and using a cover on each piece of equipment and venting the
equipment to a 95 percent efficient control device. Each cover shall
meet the following specifications:
(1) Cover shall be closed at all times except when adding
ingredients, withdrawing samples, transferring the contents, or making
visual inspection when such activities cannot be carried out with cover
in place. Such activities shall be carried out through ports of the
minimum practical size.
(2) Cover shall extend at least 2 cm beyond the outer rim of the
opening or shall be attached to the rim;
(3) Cover shall be of such design and construction that contact is
maintained between cover and rim along the entire perimeter;
(4) Any breach in the cover (such as an opening for insertion of a
mixer shaft or port for addition of ingredients) shall be covered
consistent with (c)(2) and (3) of this section when not actively in use.
An opening sufficient to allow safe clearance for a mixer shaft is
acceptable during those periods when the shaft is in place; and
(5) A polyethylene or nonpermanent cover may be used provided it
meets
[[Page 203]]
the requirements of (c)(2), (3), and (4) of this section. Such a cover
shall not be reused after once being removed.
(d) Each owner or operator of affected coating mix preparation
equipment not subject to Sec. 60.712(c) shall control emissions from the
coating mix preparation equipment by either:
(1) Installing and using a cover that meets the specifications in
paragraphs (c)(1)-(5) of this section and venting VOC emissions from the
equipment to a VOC control device; or
(2) Installing and using a cover that meets the specifications in
paragraphs (c)(1)-(5) of this section.
(e) In lieu of complying with Sec. 60.712(a) through (d), each owner
or operator may use coatings that contain a maximum of 0.20 kg of VOC
per liter of coating solids as calculated on a weighted average basis
for each nominal 1-month period.
Sec. 60.713 Compliance provisions.
(a) Applicability of Sec. 60.712(b)(1) and (2) (standards for
modified or reconstructed coating operations) and determination of
control level required in Sec. 60.712(b)(1)(ii)(B).
(1) To establish applicability of Sec. 60.712(b)(1), each owner or
operator must demonstrate, prior to modification or reconstruction, that
at least 90 percent of the VOC content of the coating applied at the
coating applicator is recovered or destroyed. Such demonstration shall
be made using the procedures of paragraph (b)(1), (b)(2), (b)(3), or
(b)(4) of this section, as appropriate.
(2) To establish applicability of Sec. 60.712(b)(2), each owner or
operator must demonstrate, prior to modification or reconstruction, that
a total enclosure is installed around the existing coating operation and
that all VOC emissions are ventilated to a control device that is at
least 92 percent efficient. Such demonstration shall be made using the
procedures of Sec. 60.713(b)(5).
(3) To determine the level of control required in
Sec. 60.712(b)(1)(ii)(B), the owner or operator must demonstrate:
(i) That the VOC control device subsequently installed is at least
95 percent efficient. Such demonstration shall be made using Equation
(2) specified in paragraph (b)(2)(iv) of this section or Equations (4)
and (5) specified in paragraphs (b)(3)(iv) and (v) of this section, as
applicable, and the test methods and procedures specified in
Sec. 60.715(b)-(g); and
(ii) That the overall level of control after the VOC control device
is installed is at least as high as the level demonstrated prior to
modification or reconstruction pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) of this
section. Such demonstrations shall be made using the procedures of
paragraph (b)(1), (b)(2), (b)(3), or (b)(4) of this section, as
appropriate. The required overall level of control subsequent to this
demonstration shall be the level so demonstrated or 93 percent,
whichever is lower.
(b) Compliance demonstrations for Sec. 60.712(a), (b)(1), (b)(2),
(b)(3), (c), (d), and (e).
(1) To demonstrate compliance with Sec. 60.712(a), (b)(1), or (b)(3)
(standards for coating operations) when emissions from only the affected
coating operations are controlled by a dedicated solvent recovery
device, each owner or operator of the affected coating operation shall
perform a liquid-liquid VOC material balance over each and every nominal
1-month period. When demonstrating compliance by this procedure,
Sec. 60.8(f) of the General Provisions does not apply. The amount of
liquid VOC applied and recovered shall be determined as discussed in
paragraph (b)(1)(iii) of this section. The overall VOC emission
reduction (R) is calculated using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN92.057
(i) The value of RSi is zero unless the owner or operator
submits the following information to the Administrator for approval of a
measured value of RSi that is greater than zero:
(A) Measurement techniques; and
(B) Documentation that the measured value of RSi exceeds
zero.
(ii) The measurement techniques of paragraph (b)(1)(i)(A) of this
section
[[Page 204]]
shall be submitted to the Administrator for approval with the
notification of anticipated startup required under Sec. 60.7(a)(2) of
the General Provisions.
(iii) Each owner or operator demonstrating compliance by the test
method described in paragraph (b)(1) of this section shall:
(A) Measure the amount of coating applied at the coating applicator;
(B) Determine the VOC content of all coatings applied using the test
method specified in Sec. 60.715(a);
(C) Install, calibrate, maintain, and operate, according to the
manufacturer's specifications, a device that indicates the cumulative
amount of VOC recovered by the solvent recovery device over each nominal
1-month period. The device shall be certified by the manufacturer to be
accurate to within [2.0 percent;
(D) Measure the amount of VOC recovered; and
(E) Calculate the overall VOC emission reduction (R) for each and
every nominal 1-month period using Equation 1.
(iv) For facilities subject to Sec. 60.712 (a) or (b)(3), compliance
is demonstrated if the value of R is equal to or greater than 93
percent.
(v) Subject to the provisions of (b)(1)(vi) of this section, for
facilities subject to Sec. 60.712(b)(1), compliance is demonstrated if
the value of R is equal to or greater than the percent reduction
demonstrated pursuant to Sec. 60.713(a)(1) prior to modification or
reconstruction or 93 percent whichever is lower.
(vi) For facilities subject to Sec. 60.712(b)(1)(ii), compliance is
demonstrated if the value of E (control device efficiency) is greater
than or equal to 0.95 and if the value of R is equal to or greater than
the percent reduction demonstrated pursuant to Sec. 60.713(a)(3) or 93
percent, whichever is lower.
(2) To demonstrate compliance with Sec. 60.712(a), (b)(1), or (b)(3)
(standards for coating operations) when the emissions from only an
affected coating operation are controlled by a dedicated incinerator or
when a common emission control device (other than a fixed-bed carbon
adsorption system with individual exhaust stacks for each adsorber
vessel) is used to control emissions from an affected coating operation
as well as from other sources of VOC, each owner or operator of an
affected coating operation shall perform a gaseous emission test using
the following procedures:
(i) Construct the overall VOC emission reduction system so that all
volumetric flow rates and total VOC emissions can be accurately
determined by the applicable test methods and procedures specified in
Sec. 60.715(b) through (g);
(ii) Determine capture efficiency from the coating operation by
capturing, venting, and measuring all VOC emissions from the operation.
During a performance test, the owner or operator of an affected coating
operation located in an area with other sources of VOC shall isolate the
coating operation emissions from all other sources of VOC by one of the
following methods:
(A) Build a temporary enclosure (see Sec. 60.711(a)(16)) around the
affected coating operation; or
(B) Shut down all other sources of VOC and continue to exhaust
fugitive emissions from the affected coating operation through any
building ventilation system and other room exhausts such as drying
ovens. All ventilation air must be vented through stacks suitable for
testing;
(iii) Operate the emission control device with all emission sources
connected and operating;
(iv) Determine the efficiency (E) of the control device using the
following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN92.058
(v) Determine the efficiency (F) of the VOC capture system using the
following equation:
[[Page 205]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN92.059
(vi) For each affected coating operation subject to Sec. 60.712(a)
or (b)(3), compliance is demonstrated if the product of (E) x (F) is
equal to or greater than 0.93.
(vii) For each affected coating operation subject to
Sec. 60.712(b)(1)(i), compliance is demonstrated if the product of (E)
x (F) is equal to or greater than the fractional reduction demonstrated
pursuant to Sec. 60.713(a)(1) prior to modification or reconstruction or
0.93, whichever is lower.
(viii) For each affected coating operation subject to
Sec. 60.712(b)(1)(ii), compliance is demonstrated if the value of E is
greater than or equal to 0.95 and if the product of (E) x (F) is equal
to or greater than the fractional reduction demonstrated pursuant to
Sec. 60.713(a)(3) or 0.93, whichever is lower.
(3) To demonstrate compliance with Sec. 60.712(a), (b)(1), or (b)(3)
(standards for coating operations) when a fixed-bed carbon adsorption
system with individual exhaust stacks for each adsorber vessel is used
to control emissions from an affected coating operation as well as from
other sources of VOC, each owner or operator of an affected coating
operation shall perform a gaseous emission test using the following
procedures:
(i) Construct the overall VOC emission reduction system so that each
volumetric flow rate and the total VOC emissions can be accurately
determined by the applicable test methods and procedures specified in
Sec. 60.715(b) through (g);
(ii) Assure that all VOC emissions from the coating operation are
segregated from other VOC sources and that the emissions can be captured
for measurement, as described in Sec. 60.713(b)(2)(ii)(A) and (B);
(iii) Operate the emission control device with all emission sources
connected and operating;
(iv) Determine the efficiency (Hv) of each individual
adsorber vessel (v) using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN92.060
(v) Determine the efficiency of the carbon adsorption system
(Hsys) by computing the average efficiency of the adsorber
vessels as weighted by the volumetric flow rate (Qhv) of each
individual adsorber vessel (v) using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN92.061
(vi) Determine the efficiency (F) of the VOC capture system using
Equation (3).
(vii) For the affected coating operation subject to Sec. 60.712(a)
or (b)(3), compliance is demonstrated if the product of
(Hsys) x (F) is equal to or greater than 0.93.
(viii) For the affected coating operation subject to
Sec. 60.712(b)(1)(i), compliance is demonstrated if the product of
(Hsys) x (F) is equal to or greater than the fractional
reduction demonstrated pursuant to Sec. 60.713(a)(1) prior to
modification or reconstruction or 0.93, whichever is lower.
(ix) For each affected coating operation subject to
Sec. 60.712(b)(1)(ii), compliance is demonstrated if the value of
Hsys is greater than or equal to 0.95 and if the product of
(Hsys) x (F) is equal to or greater than the fractional
reduction demonstrated pursuant to Sec. 60.713(a)(3) or 0.93, whichever
is lower.
(4) To demonstrate compliance with Sec. 60.712(a), (b)(1), or (b)(3)
(standards for coating operations) when the VOC emissions from more than
one affected coating operation are collected by a common capture system
and are vented through a common duct to a control
[[Page 206]]
device that is also controlling emissions from nonaffected sources and
the emissions from the nonaffected sources are vented separately from
the affected coating operations, the owner or operator may:
(i) Consider the combined affected coating operations as a single
emission source; and
(ii) Conduct a compliance test on this single source by the methods
described in Sec. 60.713(b)(2) or (3), as applicable.
(5) An alternative method of demonstrating compliance with
Sec. 60.712(a) or (b)(3) (standards for coating operations) and the sole
method of demonstrating compliance with Sec. 60.712(b)(2) (standards for
modified or reconstructed coating operations) is the installation of a
total enclosure around the coating operation and the ventilation of all
VOC emissions from the total enclosure to a control device with the
efficiency specified in paragraph (b)(5)(iii)(A) or (B) of this section,
as applicable. If this method is selected, the compliance test methods
described in paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(2), (b)(3), and (b)(4) of this
section are not required. Instead, each owner or operator of an affected
coating operation shall:
(i) Demonstrate that a total enclosure is installed. An enclosure
that meets the requirements in paragraphs (b)(5)(i)(A) through (D) of
this section shall be assumed to be a total enclosure. The owner or
operator of an enclosed coating operation that does not meet the
requirements may apply to the Administrator for approval of the
enclosure as a total enclosure on a case-by-case basis. The enclosure
shall be considered a total enclosure if it is demonstrated to the
satisfaction of the Administrator that all VOC emissions from the
affected coating operation are contained and vented to the control
device. The requirements for automatic approval are as follows:
(A) Total area of all natural draft openings shall not exceed 5
percent of the total surface area of the total enclosure's walls, floor,
and ceiling;
(B) All sources of emissions within the enclosure shall be a minimum
of four equivalent diameters away from each natural draft opening;
(C) Average inward face velocity across all natural draft openings
(FV) shall be a minimum of 3,600 meters per hour as determined by the
following procedures:
(1) Construct all forced makeup air ducts and all exhaust ducts so
that the volumetric flow rate in each can be accurately determined by
the test methods and procedures specified in Sec. 60.715(c) and (d).
Volumetric flow rates shall be calculated without the adjustment
normally made for moisture content; and
(2) Determine FV by the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN92.062
(D) The air passing through all natural draft openings shall flow
into the enclosure continuously. If FV is less than or equal to 9,000
meters per hour, the continuous inward flow of air shall be verified by
continuous observation using smoke tubes, streamers, tracer gases, or
other means approved by the Administrator over the period that the
volumetric flow rate tests required to determine FV are carried out. If
FV is greater than 9,000 meters per hour, the direction of airflow
through the natural draft openings shall be presumed to be inward at all
times without verification.
(ii) Determine the control device efficiency using Equation (2) or
Equations (4) and (5), as applicable, and the test methods and
procedures specified in Sec. 60.715(b) through (g).
(iii) Compliance is demonstrated if the installation of a total
enclosure is demonstrated and the value of E determined from Equation
(2) (or the value of Hsys determined from Equations (4) and
(5), as applicable) is equal to or greater than the required efficiency
as specified below:
(A) For coating operations subject to the standards of
Sec. 60.712(a), (b)(2)(ii), and (b)(3), 0.95 (95 percent); or
[[Page 207]]
(B) For coating operations subject to the standards of
Sec. 60.712(b)(2)(i), the value of E determined from Equation (2) (or
the value of Hsys determined from Equations (4) and (5), as
applicable) pursuant to Sec. 60.713(a)(2) prior to modification or
reconstruction or 0.95 (95 percent), whichever is lower.
(6) To demonstrate compliance with Sec. 60.712(c) (standard for new
mix equipment with concurrent construction of a control device), each
owner or operator of affected coating mix preparation equipment shall
demonstrate upon inspection that:
(i) Covers satisfying the requirements of Sec. 60.712(c)(1)-(5) have
been installed and are being used properly;
(ii) Procedures detailing the proper use of covers, as specified in
Sec. 60.712(c)(1), have been posted in all areas where affected coating
mix preparation equipment is used;
(iii) The coating mix preparation equipment is vented to a control
device; and
(iv) The control device efficiency (E or Hsys, as
applicable) determined using Equation (2) or Equations (4) and (5),
respectively, and the test methods and procedures specified in
Sec. 60.715(b)-(g) is equal to or greater than 0.95.
(7) To demonstrate compliance with Sec. 60.712(d)(1) (standard for
mix equipment), each owner or operator of affected coating mix
preparation equipment shall demonstrate upon inspection that:
(i) Covers satisfying the requirements of Sec. 60.712(c)(1)-(5) have
been installed and are being used properly;
(ii) Procedures detailing the proper use of covers, as specified in
Sec. 60.712(c)(1), have been posted in all areas where affected coating
mix preparation equipment is used; and
(iii) The coating mix preparation equipment is vented to a control
device.
(8) To demonstrate compliance with Sec. 60.712(d)(2) (standard for
mix equipment), each owner or operator of affected coating mix
preparation equipment shall demonstrate upon inspection that both:
(i) Covers satisfying the requirements of Sec. 60.712(c)(1)-(5) have
been installed and are being used properly; and
(ii) Procedures detailing the proper use of covers, as specified in
Sec. 60.712(c)(1), have been posted in all areas where affected coating
mix preparation equipment is used.
(9) To determine compliance with Sec. 60.712(e) (high-solids
coatings alternative standard), each owner or operator of an affected
facility shall determine the weighted average mass of VOC contained in
the coating per volume of coating solids applied for each and every
nominal 1-month period according to the following procedures:
(i) Determine the weight fraction of VOC in each coating applied
using Method 24 as specified in Sec. 60.715(a);
(ii) Determine the volume of coating solids in each coating applied
from the facility records; and
(iii) Compute the weighted average by the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN92.063
(iv) For each affected facility where the value of G is less than or
equal to 0.20 kilogram of VOC per liter of coating solids applied, the
facility is in compliance.
(c) Startups and shutdowns are normal operation for this source
category. Emissions from these operations are to be included when
determining if the standards for coating operations specified in
Sec. 60.712(a) and (b) are being attained.
(d) If a control device other than a carbon adsorber, condenser, or
incinerator is used to control emissions from an affected facility, the
necessary operating specifications for that device must be obtained from
the Administrator. An example of such a device is a flare.
[53 FR 38914, Oct. 3, 1988; 53 FR 43799, Oct. 28, 1988, as amended at 53
FR 47955, Nov. 29, 1988]
[[Page 208]]
Sec. 60.714 Installation of monitoring devices and recordkeeping.
All monitoring devices required under the provisions of this section
shall be installed and calibrated, according to the manufacturer's
specifications, prior to the initial performance tests in locations such
that representative values of the monitored parameters will be obtained.
The parameters to be monitored shall be continuously measured and
recorded during all performance tests.
(a) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation that
utilizes less solvent annually than the applicable cutoff provided in
Sec. 60.710(b) and that is not subject to Sec. 60.712 (standards for
coating operations) shall maintain records of actual solvent use.
(b) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation
demonstrating compliance by the test method described in
Sec. 60.713(b)(1) (liquid material balance) shall maintain records of
all the following for each and every nominal 1-month period:
(1) Amount of coating applied at the applicator;
(2) Results of the reference test method specified in Sec. 60.715(a)
for determining the VOC content of all coatings applied;
(3) Amount VOC recovered; and
(4) Calculation of the percent VOC recovered.
(c) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation or
affected coating mix preparation equipment controlled by a carbon
adsorption system and demonstrating compliance by the procedures
described in Sec. 60.713(b)(2), (3), (4), (5), or (6) (which include
control device efficiency determinations) shall carry out the monitoring
and recordkeeping provisions of paragraph (c)(1) or (2) of this section,
as appropriate.
(1) For carbon adsorption systems with a common exhaust stack for
all the individual adsorber vessels, install, calibrate, maintain, and
operate, according to the manufacturer's specifications, a monitoring
device that continuously indicates and records the concentration level
of organic compounds in either the control device outlet gas stream or
in both the control device inlet and outlet gas streams. The outlet gas
stream would be monitored if the percent increase in the concentration
level of organic compounds is used as the basis for reporting, as
described in Sec. 60.717(d)(3). The inlet and outlet gas streams would
be monitored if the percent control device efficiency is used as the
basis for reporting, as described in Sec. 60.717(d)(4).
(2) For carbon adsorption systems with individual exhaust stacks for
each adsorber vessel, install, calibrate, maintain, and operate,
according to the manufacturer's specifications, a monitoring device that
continuously indicates and records the concentration level of organic
compounds in the outlet gas stream for a minimum of one complete
adsorption cycle per day for each adsorber vessel. The owner or operator
may also monitor and record the concentration level of organic compounds
in the common carbon adsorption system inlet gas stream or in each
individual carbon adsorber vessel inlet stream. The outlet gas streams
alone would be monitored if the percent increase in the concentration
level of organic compounds is used as the basis for reporting, as
described in Sec. 60.717(d)(3). In this case, the owner or operator
shall compute daily a 3-day rolling average concentration level of
organics in the outlet gas stream from each individual adsorber vessel.
The inlet and outlet gas streams would be monitored if the percent
control device efficiency is used as the basis for reporting, as
described in Sec. 60.717(d)(4). In this case, the owner or operator
shall compute daily a 3-day rolling average efficiency for each
individual adsorber vessel.
(d) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation
controlled by a condensation system and demonstrating compliance by the
procedures described in Sec. 60.713(b)(2), (4), or (5) (which include
control device efficiency determinations) shall install, calibrate,
maintain, and operate, according to the manufacturer's specifications, a
monitoring device that continuously indicates and records the
temperature of the condenser exhaust stream.
(e) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation or
affected coating mix preparation equipment
[[Page 209]]
controlled by a thermal incinerator and demonstrating compliance by the
procedures described in Sec. 60.713(b)(2), (4), (5), or (6) (which
include control device efficiency determinations) shall install,
calibrate, maintain, and operate, according to the manufacturer's
specifications, a monitoring device that continuously indicates and
records the combustion temperature of the incinerator. The monitoring
device shall have an accuracy within [1 percent of the temperature being
measured in Celsius degrees.
(f) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation or
affected coating mix preparation equipment controlled by a catalytic
incinerator and demonstrating compliance by the procedures described in
Sec. 60.713(b)(2), (4), (5), or (6) (which include control device
efficiency determinations) shall install, calibrate, maintain, and
operate, according to the manufacturer's specifications, a monitoring
device that continuously indicates and records the gas temperature both
upstream and downstream of the catalyst bed. The monitoring device shall
have an accuracy within [1 percent of the temperature being measured in
Celsius degrees.
(g) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation
demonstrating compliance pursuant to Sec. 60.713(b)(2), (3), or (4)
(which include VOC capture system efficiency determinations) shall
submit a monitoring plan for the VOC capture system to the Administrator
for approval along with the notification of anticipated startup required
under Sec. 60.7(a)(2) of the General Provisions. This plan shall
identify the parameter to be monitored as an indicator of VOC capture
system performance (e.g., the amperage to the exhaust fans or duct flow
rates) and the method for monitoring the chosen parameter. The owner or
operator shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate, according to
the manufacturer's specifications, a monitoring device that continuously
indicates and records the value of the chosen parameter.
(h) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation who uses
the equipment alternative described in Sec. 60.713(b)(5) to demonstrate
compliance shall follow the procedures described in paragraph (g) of
this section to establish a monitoring plan for the total enclosure.
(i) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation shall
record time periods of coating operations when an emission control
device is not in use.
(j) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation or
affected coating mix preparation equipment complying with Sec. 60.712(e)
shall maintain records of the monthly weighted average mass of VOC
contained in the coating per volume of coating solids applied for each
coating, as described in Sec. 60.713(b)(9)(i) through (iv).
(k) Records of the measurements and calculations required in
Secs. 60.713 and 60.714 must be retained for at least 2 years following
the date of the measurements and calculations.
(Sec. 114 of the Clean Air Act as amended (42 U.S.C. 7414))
[53 FR 38914, Oct. 3, 1988, as amended at 64 FR 7467, Feb. 12, 1999]
Sec. 60.715 Test methods and procedures.
Methods in appendix A of this part, except as provided under
Sec. 60.8(b), shall be used to determine compliance as follows:
(a) Method 24 is used to determine the VOC content in coatings. If
it is demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Administrator that plant
coating formulation data are equivalent to Method 24 results,
formulation data may be used. In the event of any inconsistency between
a Method 24 test and a facility's formulation data, the Method 24 test
will govern. For Method 24, the coating sample must be a 1-liter sample
taken into a 1-liter container at a location and time such that the
sample will be representative of the coating applied to the base film
(i.e., the sample shall include any dilution solvent or other VOC added
during the manufacturing process). The container must be tightly sealed
immediately after the sample is taken. Any solvent or other VOC added
after the sample is taken must be measured and accounted for in the
calculations that use Method 24 results.
(b) Method 18, 25, or 25A, as appropriate to the conditions at the
site, is
[[Page 210]]
used to determine VOC concentration. The owner or operator shall submit
notice of the intended test method to the Administrator for approval
along with the notification of the performance test required under
Sec. 60.8(d) of the General Provisions. Method selection shall be based
on consideration of the diversity of organic species present and their
total concentration and on consideration of the potential presence of
interfering gases. Except as indicated in paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of
this section, the test shall consist of three separate runs, each
lasting a minimum of 30 minutes.
(1) When the method is to be used in the determination of the
efficiency of a fixed-bed carbon adsorption system with a common exhaust
stack for all the individual adsorber vessels pursuant to
Sec. 60.713(b)(2), (4), (5), or (6), the test shall consist of three
separate runs, each coinciding with one or more complete sequences
through the adsorption cycles of all the individual adsorber vessels.
(2) When the method is to be used in the determination of the
efficiency of a fixed-bed carbon adsorption system with individual
exhaust stacks for each adsorber vessel pursuant to Sec. 60.713(b)(3),
(4), (5), or (6), each adsorber vessel shall be tested individually. The
test for each adsorber vessel shall consist of three separate runs. Each
run shall coincide with one or more complete adsorption cycles.
(c) Method 1 or 1A is used for sample and velocity traverses.
(d) Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D is used for velocity and volumetric flow
rates.
(e) Method 3 is used for gas analysis.
(f) Method 4 is used for stack gas moisture.
(g) Methods 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 3, and 4 shall be performed, as
applicable, at least twice during each test period.
[53 FR 38914, Oct. 3, 1988; 53 FR 43799, Oct. 28, 1988]
Sec. 60.716 Permission to use alternative means of emission
limitation.
(a) If, in the Administrator's judgment, an alternative means of
emission limitation will achieve a reduction in emissions of VOC from
any emission point subject to Sec. 60.712(c) or (d) (standards for mix
equipment) at least equivalent to that required by Sec. 60.712 (c) or
(d), respectively, the Administrator will publish in the Federal
Register a notice permitting the use of the alternative means. The
notice may condition permission on requirements related to the operation
and maintenance of the alternative means.
(b) Any notice under paragraph (a) of this section shall be
published only after public notice and an opportunity for a public
hearing.
(c) Any person seeking permission under this section shall submit
either results from an emission test that documents the collection and
measurement of all VOC emissions from a given control device or an
engineering evaluation that documents the determination of such
emissions.
Sec. 60.717 Reporting and monitoring requirements.
(a) For all affected coating operations subject to Sec. 60.712(a),
(b)(1), (b)(2), or (b)(3) and all affected coating mix preparation
equipment subject to Sec. 60.712(c), the performance test data and
results shall be submitted to the Administrator as specified in
Sec. 60.8(a) of the General Provisions (40 CFR part 60, subpart A). In
addition, the average values of the monitored parameters measured at
least every 15 minutes and averaged over the period of the performance
test shall be submitted with the results of all performance tests.
(b) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation claiming
to utilize less than the applicable volume of solvent specified in
Sec. 60.710(b) in the first calendar year of operation shall submit to
the Administrator, with the notification of projected startup, a
material flow chart indicating projected solvent use. The owner or
operator shall also submit actual solvent use records at the end of the
initial calendar year.
(c) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation
initially utilizing less than the applicable volume of solvent specified
in Sec. 60.710(b) per calendar year shall report the first calendar year
in which actual annual solvent use exceeds the applicable volume.
(d) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation, or
affected
[[Page 211]]
coating mix preparation equipment subject to Sec. 60.712(c), shall
submit semiannual reports to the Administrator documenting the
following:
(1) The 1-month amount of VOC contained in the coating, the VOC
recovered, and the percent emission reduction for months of
noncompliance for any affected coating operation demonstrating
compliance by the performance test method described in Sec. 60.713(b)(1)
(liquid material balance);
(2) The VOC contained in the coatings for the manufacture of
magnetic tape for any 1-month period during which the weighted average
solvent content (G) of the coatings exceeded 0.20 kilogram per liter of
coating solids for those affected facilities complying with
Sec. 60.712(e) (high-solids coatings alternative standard);
(3) For those affected facilities monitoring only the carbon
adsorption system outlet concentration levels of organic compounds, the
periods (during actual coating operations) specified in paragraph
(d)(3)(i) or (ii) of this section, as applicable.
(i) For carbon adsorption systems with a common exhaust stack for
all the individual adsorber vessels, all periods of three consecutive
adsorption cycles of all the individual adsorber vessels during which
the average value of the concentration level of organic compounds in the
common outlet gas stream is more than 20 percent greater than the
average value measured during the most recent performance test that
demonstrated compliance.
(ii) For carbon adsorption systems with individual exhaust stacks
for each adsorber vessel, all 3-day rolling averages for each adsorber
vessel when the concentration level of organic compounds in the
individual outlet gas stream is more than 20 percent greater than the
average value for that adsorber vessel measured during the most recent
performance test that demonstrated compliance.
(4) For those affected facilities monitoring both the carbon
adsorption system inlet and outlet concentration levels of organic
compounds, the periods (during actual coating operations), specified in
(d)(4)(i) or (ii) of this section, as applicable.
(i) For carbon adsorption systems with a common exhaust stack for
all the individual adsorber vessels, all periods of three consecutive
adsorption cycles of all the individual adsorber vessels during which
the average carbon adsorption system efficiency falls below the
applicable level as follows:
(A) For those affected facilities demonstrating compliance by the
performance test method described in Sec. 60.713(b)(2) or (4), the value
of E determined using Equation (2) during the most recent performance
test that demonstrated compliance.
(B) For those affected facilities demonstrating compliance pursuant
to Sec. 60.713(b)(5)(iii)(A) or Sec. 60.713(b)(6), 0.95 (95 percent).
(C) For those affected facilities demonstrating compliance pursuant
to Sec. 60.713(b)(5)(iii)(B), the required value of E determined using
Equation (2) pursuant to Sec. 60.713(a)(2) prior to modification or
reconstruction or 0.95 (95 percent), whichever is lower.
(ii) For carbon adsorption systems with individual exhaust stacks
for each adsorber vessel, all 3-day rolling averages for each adsorber
vessel when the efficiency falls below the applicable level as follows:
(A) For those affected facilities demonstrating compliance by the
performance test method described in Sec. 60.713(b)(3) or (4), the value
of Hv determined using Equation (4) during the most recent
performance test that demonstrated compliance.
(B) For those affected facilities demonstrating compliance pursuant
to Sec. 60.713(b)(5)(iii)(A) or Sec. 60.713(b)(6), 0.95 (95 percent).
(C) For those affected facilities demonstrating compliance pursuant
to Sec. 60.713(b)(5)(iii)(B), the value of Hv determined
using Equation 4 pursuant to Sec. 60.713(a)(2) prior to modification or
reconstruction.
(5) All 3-hour periods (during actual coating operations) during
which the average exhaust temperature is 5 or more Celsius degrees above
the average temperature measured during the most recent performance test
that demonstrated compliance for those affected facilities monitoring
condenser exhaust gas temperature;
[[Page 212]]
(6) All 3-hour periods (during actual coating operations) during
which the average combustion temperature is more than 28 Celsius degrees
below the average combustion temperature during the most recent
performance test that demonstrated compliance for those affected
facilities monitoring thermal incinerator combustion gas temperature;
(7) All 3-hour periods (during actual coating operations) during
which the average gas temperature immediately before the catalyst bed is
more than 28 Celsius degrees below the average gas temperature during
the most recent performance test that demonstrated compliance and all 3-
hour periods (during actual coating operations) during which the average
gas temperature difference across the catalyst bed is less than 80
percent of the average gas temperature difference during the most recent
performance test that demonstrated compliance for those affected
facilities monitoring catalytic incinerator catalyst bed temperature;
and
(8) All 3-hour periods (during actual coating operations) during
which the average total enclosure or VOC capture system monitoring
device readings vary by 5 percent or more from the average value
measured during the most recent performance test that demonstrated
compliance for those affected facilities monitoring a total enclosure
pursuant to Sec. 60.714(h) or VOC capture system pursuant to
Sec. 60.714(g).
(e) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation, or
affected coating mix preparation equipment subject to Sec. 60.712(c),
not required to submit reports under Sec. 60.717(d) because no
reportable periods have occurred shall submit semiannual reports so
affirming.
(f) Each owner or operator of affected coating mix preparation
equipment that is constructed at a time when no affected coating
operation is being constructed shall:
(1) Be exempt from the reporting requirements specified in
Sec. 60.7(a)(1), (2), and (4); and
(2) Submit the notification of actual startup specified in
Sec. 60.7(a)(3).
(g) The owner or operator of affected coating mix preparation
equipment that is constructed at the same time as an affected coating
operation shall include the affected coating mix preparation equipment
in all the reporting requirements for the affected coating operation
specified in Sec. 60.7(a)(1) through (4).
(h) The reports required under paragraphs (b) through (e) of this
section shall be postmarked within 30 days of the end of the reporting
period.
(i) The requirements of this subsection remain in force until and
unless EPA, in delegating enforcement authority to a State under section
111(c) of the Act, approves reporting requirements or an alternative
means of compliance surveillance adopted by such States. In this event,
affected sources within the State will be relieved of the obligation to
comply with this subsection, provided that they comply with the
requirements established by the State.
(Sec. 114 of the Clean Air Act as amended (42 U.S.C. 7414))
[53 FR 38914, Oct. 3, 1988; 53 FR 43799, Oct. 28, 1988, as amended at 53
FR 47955, Nov. 29, 1988; 64 FR 7467, Feb. 12, 1999]
Sec. 60.718 Delegation of authority.
(a) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority to a
State under section 111(c) of the Act, the authorities contained in
paragraph (b) of this section shall be retained by the Administrator and
not transferred to a State.
(b) Authorities which will not be delegated to States:
Sec. 60.711(a)(16)
Sec. 60.713(b)(1)(i)
Sec. 60.713(b)(1)(ii)
Sec. 60.713(b)(5)(i)
Sec. 60.713(d)
Sec. 60.715(a)
Sec. 60.716
[53 FR 38914, Oct. 3, 1988; 53 FR 47955, Nov. 29, 1988]
Subpart TTT_Standards of Performance for Industrial Surface Coating:
Surface Coating of Plastic Parts for Business Machines
Source: 53 FR 2676, Jan. 29, 1988, unless otherwise noted.
[[Page 213]]
Sec. 60.720 Applicability and designation of affected facility.
(a) The provisions of this subpart apply to each spray booth in
which plastic parts for use in the manufacture of business machines
receive prime coats, color coats, texture coats, or touch-up coats.
(b) This subpart applies to any affected facility for which
construction, modification, or reconstruction begins after January 8,
1986.
Sec. 60.721 Definitions.
(a) As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein shall have
the meaning given them in the Act or in subpart A of this part.
Business machine means a device that uses electronic or mechanical
methods to process information, perform calculations, print or copy
information, or convert sound into electrical impulses for transmission,
such as:
(1) Products classified as typewriters under SIC Code 3572;
(2) Products classified as electronic computing devices under SIC
Code 3573;
(3) Products classified as calculating and accounting machines under
SIC Code 3574;
(4) Products classified as telephone and telegraph equipment under
SIC Code 3661;
(5) Products classified as office machines, not elsewhere
classified, under SIC Code 3579; and
(6) Photocopy machines, a subcategory of products classified as
photographic equipment under SIC code 3861.
Coating operation means the use of a spray booth for the application
of a single type of coating (e.g., prime coat); the use of the same
spray booth for the application of another type of coating (e.g.,
texture coat) constitutes a separate coating operation for which
compliance determinations are performed separately.
Coating solids applied means the coating solids that adhere to the
surface of the plastic business machine part being coated.
Color coat means the coat applied to a part that affects the color
and gloss of the part, not including the prime coat or texture coat.
This definition includes fog coating, but does not include conductive
sensitizers or electromagnetic interference/radio frequency interference
shielding coatings.
Conductive sensitizer means a coating applied to a plastic substrate
to render it conductive for purposes of electrostatic application of
subsequent prime, color, texture, or touch-up coats.
Electromagnetic interference/radio frequency interference (EMI/RFI)
shielding coating means a conductive coating that is applied to a
plastic substrate to attenuate EMI/RFI signals.
Fog coating (also known as mist coating and uniforming) means a thin
coating applied to plastic parts that have molded-in color or texture or
both to improve color uniformity.
Nominal 1-month period means either a calendar month, 30-day month,
accounting month, or similar monthly time period that is established
prior to the performance test (i.e., in a statement submitted with
notification of anticipated actual startup pursuant to 40 CFR 60.7(2)).
Plastic parts means panels, housings, bases, covers, and other
business machine components formed of synthetic polymers.
Prime coat means the initial coat applied to a part when more than
one coating is applied, not including conductive sensitizers or
electromagnetic interference/radio frequency interference shielding
coatings.
Spray booth means the structure housing automatic or manual spray
application equipment where a coating is applied to plastic parts for
business machines.
Texture coat means the rough coat that is characterized by discrete,
raised spots on the exterior surface of the part. This definition does
not include conductive sensitizers or EMI/RFI shielding coatings.
Touch-up coat means the coat applied to correct any imperfections in
the finish after color or texture coats have been applied. This
definition does not include conductive sensitizers or EMI/RFI shielding
coatings.
Transfer efficiency means the ratio of the amount of coating solids
deposited onto the surface of a plastic business machine part to the
total amount of coating solids used.
[[Page 214]]
VOC emissions means the mass of VOC's emitted from the surface
coating of plastic parts for business machines expressed as kilograms of
VOC's per liter of coating solids applied (i.e., deposited on the
surface).
(b) All symbols used in this subpart not defined below are given
meaning in the Act or subpart A of this part.
Dc = density of each coating as received (kilograms per
liter)
Dd = density of each diluent VOC (kilograms per liter)
Lc = the volume of each coating consumed, as received
(liters)
Ld = the volume of each diluent VOC added to coatings
(liters)
Ls = the volume of coating solids consumed (liters)
Md = the mass of diluent VOC's consumed (kilograms)
Mo = the mass of VOC's in coatings consumed, as received
(kilograms)
N = the volume-weighted average mass of VOC emissions to the atmosphere
per unit volume of coating solids applied (kilograms per liter)
T = the transfer efficiency for each type of application equipment used
at a coating operation (fraction)
Tavg = the volume-weighted average transfer efficiency for a
coating operation (fraction)
Vs = the proportion of solids in each coating, as received
(fraction by volume)
Wo = the proportion of VOC's in each coating, as received
(fraction by weight)
[53 FR 2676, Jan. 29, 1988, as amended at 54 FR 25459, June 15, 1989]
Sec. 60.722 Standards for volatile organic compounds.
(a) Each owner or operator of any affected facility which is subject
to the requirements of this subpart shall comply with the emission
limitations set forth in this section on and after the date on which the
initial performance test, required by Secs. 60.8 and 60.723 is
completed, but not later than 60 days after achieving the maximum
production rate at which the affected facility will be operated, or 180
days after the initial startup, whichever date comes first. No affected
facility shall cause the discharge into the atmosphere in excess of:
(1) 1.5 kilograms of VOC's per liter of coating solids applied from
prime coating of plastic parts for business machines.
(2) 1.5 kilograms of VOC's per liter of coating solids applied from
color coating of plastic parts for business machines.
(3) 2.3 kilograms of VOC's per liter of coating solids applied from
texture coating of plastic parts for business machines.
(4) 2.3 kilograms of VOC's per liter of coatings solids applied from
touch-up coating of plastic parts for business machines.
(b) All VOC emissions that are caused by coatings applied in each
affected facility, regardless of the actual point of discharge of
emissions into the atmosphere, shall be included in determining
compliance with the emission limits in paragraph (a) of this section.
Sec. 60.723 Performance tests and compliance provisions.
(a) Section 60.8 (d) and (f) do not apply to the performance test
procedures required by this section.
(b) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall conduct an
initial performance test as required under Sec. 60.8(a) and thereafter a
performance test each nominal 1-month period for each affected facility
according to the procedures in this section.
(1) The owner or operator shall determine the composition of
coatings by analysis of each coating, as received, using Method 24, from
data that have been determined by the coating manufacturer using Method
24, or by other methods approved by the Administrator.
(2) The owner or operator shall determine the volume of coating and
the mass of VOC used for dilution of coatings from company records
during each nominal 1-month period. If a common coating distribution
system serves more than one affected facility or serves both affected
and nonaffected spray booths, the owner or operator shall estimate the
volume of coatings used at each facility by using procedures approved by
the Administrator.
(i) The owner or operator shall calculate the volume-weighted
average mass of VOC's in coatings emitted per unit volume of coating
solids applied (N) at each coating operation [i.e., for each type of
coating (prime, color, texture, and touch-up) used] during each
[[Page 215]]
nominal 1-month period for each affected facility. Each 1-month
calculation is considered a performance test. Except as provided in
paragraph (b)(2)(iii) of this section, N will be determined by the
following procedures:
(A) Calculate the mass of VOC's used (Mo + Md)
for each coating operation during each nominal 1-month period for each
affected facility by the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN92.064
where n is the number of coatings of each type used during each nominal
1-month period and m is the number of different diluent VOC's
used during each nominal 1-month period. (S Ldj
Ddj will be 0 if no VOC's are added to the
coatings, as received.)
(B) Calculate the total volume of coating solids consumed
(Ls) in each nominal 1-month period for each coating
operation for each affected facility by the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN92.065
where n is the number of coatings of each type used during each nominal
1-month period.
(C) Select the appropriate transfer efficiency (T) from table 1 for
each type of coating applications equipment used at each coating
operation. If the owner or operator can demonstrate to the satisfaction
of the Administrator that transfer efficiencies other than those shown
are appropriate, the Administrator will approve their use on a case-by-
case basis. Transfer efficiency values for application methods not
listed below shall be approved by the Administrator on a case-by-case
basis. An owner or operator must submit sufficient data for the
Administrator to judge the validity of the transfer efficiency claims.
(D) Where more than one application method is used within a single
coating operation, the owner or operator shall determine the volume of
each coating applied by each method through a means acceptable to the
Administrator and compute the volume-weighted average transfer
efficiency by the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN92.066
[[Page 216]]
Table 1--Transfer Efficiencies
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transfer
Application methods efficiency Type of coating
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Air atomized spray.............. 0.25 Prime, color, texture,
touch-up, and fog coats.
Air-assistd airless spray....... .40 Prime and color coats.
Electrostatic air spray......... .40 Do.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
where n is the number of coatings of each type used and p is the number
of application methods used.
(E) Calculate the volume-weighted average mass of VOC's emitted per
unit volume of coating solids applied (N) during each nominal 1-month
period for each coating operation for each affected facility by the
folowing equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC16NO91.106
(Tavg = T when only one type of coating operation occurs).
(ii) Where the volume-weighted average mass of VOC's emitted to the
atmosphere per unit volume of coating solids applied (N) is less than or
equal to 1.5 kilograms per liter for prime coats, is less than or equal
to 1.5 kilograms per liter for color coats, is less than or equal to 2.3
kilograms per liter for texture coats, and is less than or equal to 2.3
kilograms per liter for touch-up coats, the affected facility is in
compliance.
(iii) If each individual coating used by an affected facility has a
VOC content (kg VOC/l of solids), as received, which when divided by the
lowest transfer efficiency at which the coating is applied for each
coating operation results in a value equal to or less than 1.5 kilograms
per liter for prime and color coats and equal to or less than 2.3
kilograms per liter for texture and touch-up coats, the affected
facility is in compliance provided that no VOC's are added to the
coatings during distribution or application.
(iv) If an affected facility uses add-on controls to control VOC
emissions and if the owner or operator can demonstrate to the
Administrator that the volume-weighted average mass of VOC's emitted to
the atmosphere during each nominal 1-month period per unit volume of
coating solids applied (N) is within each of the applicable limits
expressed in paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section because of this
equipment, the affected facility is in compliance. In such cases,
compliance will be determined by the Administrator or a case-by-case
basis.
[53 FR 2676, Jan. 29, 1988, as amended at 65 FR 61778, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.724 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
(a) The reporting requirements of Sec. 60.8(a) apply only to the
initial performance test. Each owner or operator subject to the
provisions of this subpart shall include the following data in the
report of the initial performance test required under Sec. 60.8(a):
(1) Except as provided for in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, the
volume-weighted average mass of VOC's emitted to the atmosphere per
volume of applied coating solids (N) for the initial nominal 1-month
period for each coating operation from each affected facility.
(2) For each affected facility where compliance is determined under
the provisions of Sec. 60.723(b)(2)(iii), a list of the coatings used
during the initial nominal 1-month period, the VOC content of each
coating calculated from data determined using Method 24, and the lowest
transfer efficiency at which each coating is applied during the initial
nominal 1-month period.
(b) Following the initial report, each owner or operator shall:
(1) Report the volume-weighted average mass of VOC's per unit volume
of coating solids applied for each coating operation for each affected
facility during each nominal 1-month period in which the facility is not
in compliance with the applicable emission limits specified in
Sec. 60.722. Reports of noncompliance shall be submitted on a quarterly
basis, occurring every 3 months following the initial report; and
(2) Submit statements that each affected facility has been in
compliance with the applicable emission limits specified in Sec. 60.722
during each nominal
[[Page 217]]
1-month period. Statements of compliance shall be submitted on a
semiannual basis.
(c) These reports shall be postmarked not later than 10 days after
the end of the periods specified in Sec. 60.724(b)(1) and
Sec. 60.724(b)(2).
(d) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall maintain at the source, for a period of at least 2 years, records
of all data and calculations used to determine monthly VOC emissions
from each coating operation for each affected facility as specified in
40 CFR 60.7(d).
(e) Reporting and recordkeeping requirements for facilities using
add-on controls will be determined by the Administrator on a case-by-
case basis.
[53 FR 2676, Jan. 29, 1988, as amended at 65 FR 61778, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.725 Test methods and procedures.
(a) The reference methods in appendix A to this part except as
provided under Sec. 60.8(b) shall be used to determine compliance with
Sec. 60.722 as follows:
(1) Method 24 for determination of VOC content of each coating as
received.
(2) For Method 24, the sample must be at least a 1-liter sample in a
1-liter container.
(b) Other methods may be used to determine the VOC content of each
coating if approved by the Administrator before testing.
Sec. 60.726 Delegation of authority.
(a) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority to a
State under section 111(c) of the Act, the authorities contained in
paragraph (b) of this section shall be retained by the Administrator and
not transferred to a State.
(b) Authorities which will not be delegated to the States:
Section 60.723(b)(1)
Section 60.723(b)(2)(i)(C)
Section 60.723(b)(2)(iv)
Section 60.724(e)
Section 60.725(b)
[53 FR 2676, Jan. 29, 1988, as amended at 53 FR 19300, May 27, 1988]
Subpart UUU_Standards of Performance for Calciners and Dryers in Mineral
Industries
Source: 57 FR 44503, Sept. 28, 1992, unless otherwise noted.
Sec. 60.730 Applicability and designation of affected facility.
(a) The affected facility to which the provisions of this subpart
apply is each calciner and dryer at a mineral processing plant. Feed and
product conveyors are not considered part of the affected facility. For
the brick and related clay products industry, only the calcining and
drying of raw materials prior to firing of the brick are covered.
(b) An affected facility that is subject to the provisions of
subpart LL, Metallic Mineral Processing Plants, is not subject to the
provisions of this subpart. Also, the following processes and process
units used at mineral processing plants are not subject to the
provisions of this subpart: vertical shaft kilns in the magnesium
compounds industry; the chlorination-oxidation process in the titanium
dioxide industry; coating kilns, mixers, and aerators in the roofing
granules industry; and tunnel kilns, tunnel dryers, apron dryers, and
grinding equipment that also dries the process material used in any of
the 17 mineral industries (as defined in Sec. 60.731, ``Mineral
processing plant'').
(c) The owner or operator of any facility under paragraph (a) of
this section that commences construction, modification, or
reconstruction after April 23, 1986, is subject to the requirements of
this subpart.
Sec. 60.731 Definitions.
As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein shall have the
meaning given them in the Clean Air Act and in subpart A of this part.
Calciner means the equipment used to remove combined (chemically
bound) water and/or gases from mineral material through direct or
indirect heating. This definition includes expansion furnaces and
multiple hearth furnaces.
Control device means the air pollution control equipment used to
reduce particulate matter emissions released to
[[Page 218]]
the atmosphere from one or more affected facilities.
Dryer means the equipment used to remove uncombined (free) water
from mineral material through direct or indirect heating.
Installed in series means a calciner and dryer installed such that
the exhaust gases from one flow through the other and then the combined
exhaust gases are discharged to the atmosphere.
Mineral processing plant means any facility that processes or
produces any of the following minerals, their concentrates or any
mixture of which the majority (>50 percent) is any of the following
minerals or a combination of these minerals: alumina, ball clay,
bentonite, diatomite, feldspar, fire clay, fuller's earth, gypsum,
industrial sand, kaolin, lightweight aggregate, magnesium compounds,
perlite, roofing granules, talc, titanium dioxide, and vermiculite.
Sec. 60.732 Standards for particulate matter.
Each owner or operator of any affected facility that is subject to
the requirements of this subpart shall comply with the emission
limitations set forth in this section on and after the date on which the
initial performance test required by Sec. 60.8 is completed, but not
later than 180 days after the initial startup, whichever date comes
first. No emissions shall be discharged into the atmosphere from any
affected facility that:
(a) Contains particulate matter in excess of 0.092 gram per dry
standard cubic meter (g/dscm) [0.040 grain per dry standard cubic foot
(gr/dscf)] for calciners and for calciners and dryers installed in
series and in excess of 0.057 g/dscm (0.025 gr/dscf) for dryers; and
(b) Exhibits greater than 10 percent opacity, unless the emissions
are discharged from an affected facility using a wet scrubbing control
device.
[57 FR 44503, Sept. 28, 1992, as amended at 65 FR 61778, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.733 Reconstruction.
The cost of replacement of equipment subject to high temperatures
and abrasion on processing equipment shall not be considered in
calculating either the ``fixed capital cost of the new components'' or
the ``fixed capital cost that would be required to construct a
comparable new facility'' under Sec. 60.15. Calciner and dryer equipment
subject to high temperatures and abrasion are: end seals, flights, and
refractory lining.
Sec. 60.734 Monitoring of emissions and operations.
(a) With the exception of the process units described in paragraphs
(b), (c), and (d) of this section, the owner or operator of an affected
facility subject to the provisions of this subpart who uses a dry
control device to comply with the mass emission standard shall install,
calibrate, maintain, and operate a continuous monitoring system to
measure and record the opacity of emissions discharged into the
atmosphere from the control device.
(b) In lieu of a continuous opacity monitoring system, the owner or
operator of a ball clay vibrating grate dryer, a bentonite rotary dryer,
a diatomite flash dryer, a diatomite rotary calciner, a feldspar rotary
dryer, a fire clay rotary dryer, an industrial sand fluid bed dryer, a
kaolin rotary calciner, a perlite rotary dryer, a roofing granules fluid
bed dryer, a roofing granules rotary dryer, a talc rotary calciner, a
titanium dioxide spray dryer, a titanium dioxide fluid bed dryer, a
vermiculite fluid bed dryer, or a vermiculite rotary dryer who uses a
dry control device may have a certified visible emissions observer
measure and record three 6-minute averages of the opacity of visible
emissions to the atmosphere each day of operation in accordance with
Method 9 of appendix A of part 60.
(c) The owner or operator of a ball clay rotary dryer, a diatomite
rotary dryer, a feldspar fluid bed dryer, a fuller's earth rotary dryer,
a gypsum rotary dryer, a gypsum flash calciner, gypsum kettle calciner,
an industrial sand rotary dryer, a kaolin rotary dryer, a kaolin
multiple hearth furnace, a perlite expansion furnace, a talc flash
dryer, a talc rotary dryer, a titanium dioxide direct or indirect rotary
dryer or a vermiculite expansion furnace who uses a dry control device
is exempt from the monitoring requirements of this section.
[[Page 219]]
(d) The owner or operator of an affected facility subject to the
provisions of this subpart who uses a wet scrubber to comply with the
mass emission standard for any affected facility shall install,
calibrate, maintain, and operate monitoring devices that continuously
measure and record the pressure loss of the gas stream through the
scrubber and the scrubbing liquid flow rate to the scrubber. The
pressure loss monitoring device must be certified by the manufacturer to
be accurate within 5 percent of water column gauge pressure at the level
of operation. The liquid flow rate monitoring device must be certified
by the manufacturer to be accurate within 5 percent of design scrubbing
liquid flow rate.
Sec. 60.735 Recordkeeping and reporting requirements.
(a) Records of the measurements required in Sec. 60.734 of this
subpart shall be retained for at least 2 years.
(b) Each owner or operator who uses a wet scrubber to comply with
Sec. 60.732 shall determine and record once each day, from the
recordings of the monitoring devices in Sec. 60.734(d), an arithmetic
average over a 2-hour period of both the change in pressure of the gas
stream across the scrubber and the flowrate of the scrubbing liquid.
(c) Each owner or operator shall submit written reports semiannually
of exceedances of control device operating parameters required to be
monitored by Sec. 60.734 of this subpart. For the purpose of these
reports, exceedances are defined as follows:
(1) All 6-minute periods during which the average opacity from dry
control devices is greater than 10 percent; or
(2) Any daily 2-hour average of the wet scrubber pressure drop
determined as described in Sec. 60.735(b) that is less than 90 percent
of the average value recorded according to Sec. 60.736(c) during the
most recent performance test that demonstrated compliance with the
particulate matter standard; or
(3) Each daily wet scrubber liquid flow rate recorded as described
in Sec. 60.735(b) that is less than 80 percent or greater than 120
percent of the average value recorded according to Sec. 60.736(c) during
the most recent performance test that demonstrated compliance with the
particulate matter standard.
(d) The requirements of this section remain in force until and
unless the Agency, in delegating enforcement authority to a State under
section 111(c) of the Clean Air Act, approves reporting requirements or
an alternative means of compliance surveillance adopted by such State.
In that event, affected facilities within the State will be relieved of
the obligation to comply with this section provided that they comply
with the requirements established by the State.
[57 FR 44503, Sept. 28, 1992, as amended at 58 FR 40591, July 29, 1993]
Sec. 60.736 Test methods and procedures.
(a) In conducting the performance tests required in Sec. 60.8, the
owner or operator shall use the test methods in appendix A of this part
or other methods and procedures as specified in this section, except as
provided in Sec. 60.8(b).
(b) The owner or operator shall determine compliance with the
particulate matter standards in Sec. 60.732 as follows:
(1) Method 5 shall be used to determine the particulate matter
concentration. The sampling time and volume for each test run shall be
at least 2 hours and 1.70 dscm.
(2) Method 9 and the procedures in Sec. 60.11 shall be used to
determine opacity from stack emissions.
(c) During the initial performance test of a wet scrubber, the owner
or operator shall use the monitoring devices of Sec. 60.734(d) to
determine the average change in pressure of the gas stream across the
scrubber and the average flowrate of the scrubber liquid during each of
the particulate matter runs. The arithmetic averages of the three runs
shall be used as the baseline average values for the purposes of
Sec. 60.735(c).
Sec. 60.737 Delegation of authority.
(a) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority to a
State under section 111(c) of the Act, the authorities contained in
paragraph (b) of this section shall be retained by the Administrator and
not transferred to a State.
(b) Authorities which will not be delegated to States: No
restrictions.
[[Page 220]]
Subpart VVV_Standards of Performance for Polymeric Coating of Supporting
Substrates Facilities
Source: 54 FR 37551, Sept. 11, 1989, unless otherwise noted.
Sec. 60.740 Applicability and designation of affected facility.
(a) The affected facility to which the provisions of this subpart
apply is each coating operation and any onsite coating mix preparation
equipment used to prepare coatings for the polymeric coating of
supporting substrates.
(b) Any affected facility for which the amount of VOC used is less
than 95 Mg per 12-month period is subject only to the requirements of
Secs. 60.744(b), 60.747(b), and 60.747(c). If the amount of VOC used is
95 Mg or greater per 12-month period, the facility is subject to all the
requirements of this subpart. Once a facility has become subject to the
requirements of this subpart, it will remain subject to those
requirements regardless of changes in annual VOC use.
(c) This subpart applies to any affected facility for which
construction, modification, or reconstruction begins after April 30,
1987, except for the facilities specified in paragraph (d) of this
section.
(d) This subpart does not apply to the following:
(1) Coating mix preparation equipment used to manufacture coatings
at one plant for shipment to another plant for use in an affected
facility (coating operation) or for sale to another company for use in
an affected facility (coating operation);
(2) Coating mix preparation equipment or coating operations during
those times they are used to prepare or apply waterborne coatings so
long as the VOC content of the coating does not exceed 9 percent by
weight of the volatile fraction;
(3) Web coating operations that print an image on the surface of the
substrate or any coating applied on the same printing line that applies
the image.
Sec. 60.741 Definitions, symbols, and cross-reference tables.
(a) All terms used in this subpart not defined below have the
meaning given to them in the Act and in subpart A of this part.
Coating applicator means any apparatus used to apply a coating to a
continuous substrate.
Coating mix preparation equipment means all mixing vessels in which
solvent and other materials are blended to prepare polymeric coatings.
Coating operation means any coating applicator(s), flashoff area(s),
and drying oven(s) located between a substrate unwind station and a
rewind station that coats a continuous web to produce a substrate with a
polymeric coating. Should the coating process not employ a rewind
station, the end of the coating operation is after the last drying oven
in the process.
Common emission control device means a device controlling emissions
from an affected coating operation as well as from any other emission
source.
Concurrent means the period of time in which construction of an
emission control device serving an affected facility is commenced or
completed, beginning 6 months prior to the date that construction of the
affected facility commences and ending 2 years after the date that
construction of the affected facility is completed.
Control device means any apparatus that reduces the quantity of a
pollutant emitted to the air.
Cover means, with respect to coating mix preparation equipment, a
device that fits over the equipment opening to prevent emissions of
volatile organic compounds (VOC) from escaping.
Drying oven means a chamber within which heat is used to dry a
surface coating; drying may be the only process or one of multiple
processes performed in the chamber.
Equivalent diameter means four times the area of an opening divided
by its perimeter.
Flashoff area means the portion of a coating operation between the
coating applicator and the drying oven where VOC begins to evaporate
from the coated substrate.
Natural draft opening means any opening in a room, building, or
total
[[Page 221]]
enclosure that remains open during operation of the facility and that is
not connected to a duct in which a fan is installed. The rate and
direction of the natural draft across such an opening is a consequence
of the difference in pressures on either side of the wall or barrier
containing the opening.
Nominal 1-month period means a calendar month or, if established
prior to the performance test in a statement submitted with notification
of anticipated startup pursuant to 40 CFR 60.7(a)(2), a similar monthly
time period (e.g., 30-day month or accounting month).
Onsite coating mix preparation equipment means those pieces of
coating mix preparation equipment located at the same plant as the
coating operation they serve.
Polymeric coating of supporting substrates means a web coating
process that applies elastomers, polymers, or prepolymers to a
supporting web other than paper, plastic film, metallic foil, or metal
coil.
Substrate means the surface to which a coating is applied.
Temporary enclosure means a total enclosure that is constructed for
the sole purpose of measuring the fugitive VOC emissions from an
affected facility.
Total enclosure means a structure that is constructed around a
source of emissions and operated so that all VOC emissions are collected
and exhausted through a stack or duct. With a total enclosure, there
will be no fugitive emissions, only stack emissions. The drying oven
itself may be part of the total enclosure.
Vapor capture system means any device or combination of devices
designed to contain, collect, and route solvent vapors released from the
coating mix preparation equipment or coating operation.
VOC in the applied coating means the product of Method 24 VOC
analyses or formulation data (if those data are demonstrated to be
equivalent to Method 24 results) and the total volume of coating fed to
the coating applicator.
VOC used means the amount of VOC delivered to the coating mix
preparation equipment of the affected facility (including any contained
in premixed coatings or other coating ingredients prepared off the plant
site) for the formulation of polymeric coatings to be applied to
supporting substrates at the coating operation, plus any solvent added
after initial formulation is complete (e.g., dilution solvent added at
the coating operation). If premixed coatings that require no mixing at
the plant site are used, ``VOC used'' means the amount of VOC delivered
to the coating applicator(s) of the affected facility.
Volatile organic compounds or VOC means any organic compounds that
participate in atmospheric photochemical reactions; or that are measured
by a reference method, an equivalent method, an alternative method, or
that are determined by procedures specified under any subpart.
Waterborne coating means a coating which contains more than 5 weight
percent water in its volatile fraction.
Web coating means the coating of products, such as fabric, paper,
plastic film, metallic foil, metal coil, cord, and yarn, that are
flexible enough to be unrolled from a large roll; and coated as a
continuous substrate by methods including, but not limited to, knife
coating, roll coating, dip coating, impregnation, rotogravure, and
extrusion.
(b) The nomenclature used in this subpart has the following meaning:
Ak = the area of each natural draft opening (k) in a total
enclosure, in square meters.
Caj = the concentration of VOC in each gas stream (j) exiting
the emission control device, in parts per million by volume.
Cbi = the concentration of VOC in each gas stream (i)
entering the emission control device, in parts per million by
volume.
Cdi = the concentration of VOC in each gas stream (i)
entering the emission control device from the affected coating
operation, in parts per million by volume.
Cfk = the concentration of VOC in each uncontrolled gas
stream (k) emitted directly to the atmosphere from the
affected coating operation, in parts per million by volume.
Cgv = the concentration of VOC in the gas stream entering
each individual carbon adsorber vessel (v), in parts per
million by volume. For purposes of calculating the efficiency
of the individual adsorber vessel, Cgv may be
measured in the carbon adsorption system's common inlet duct
prior to the branching of individual inlet ducts.
[[Page 222]]
Chv = the concentration of VOC in the gas stream exiting each
individual carbon adsorber vessel (v), in parts per million by
volume.
E = the control device efficiency achieved for the duration of the
emission test (expressed as a fraction).
F = the VOC emission capture efficiency of the vapor capture system
achieved for the duration of the emission test (expressed as a
fraction).
FV = the average inward face velocity across all natural draft openings
in a total enclosure, in meters per hour.
Hv = the individual carbon adsorber vessel (v) efficiency
achieved for the duration of the emission test (expressed as a
fraction).
Hsys = the carbon adsorption system efficiency calculated
when each adsorber vessel has an individual exhaust stack.
Mci = the total mass (kg) of each coating (i) applied to the
substrate at an affected coating operation during a nominal 1-
month period as determined from facility records.
Mr = the total mass (kg) of VOC recovered for a nominal 1-
month period.
Qaj = the volumetric flow rate of each gas stream (j) exiting
the emission control device, in dry standard cubic meters per
hour when Method 18 or 25 is used to measure VOC concentration
or in standard cubic meters per hour (wet basis) when Method
25A is used to measure VOC concentration.
Qbi = the volumetric flow rate of each gas stream (i)
entering the emission control device, in dry standard cubic
meters per hour when Method 18 or 25 is used to measure VOC
concentration or in standard cubic meters per hour (wet basis)
when Method 25A is used to measure VOC concentration.
Qdi = the volumetric flow rate of each gas stream (i)
entering the emission control device from the affected coating
operation, in dry standard cubic meters per hour when Method
18 or 25 is used to measure VOC concentration or in standard
cubic meters per hour (wet basis) when Method 25A is used to
measure VOC concentration.
Qfk = the volumetric flow rate of each uncontrolled gas
stream (k) emitted directly to the atmosphere from the
affected coating operation, in dry standard cubic meters per
hour when Method 18 or 25 is used to measure VOC concentration
or in standard cubic meters per hour (wet basis) when Method
25A is used to measure VOC concentration.
Qgv = the volumetric flow rate of the gas stream entering
each individual carbon adsorber vessel (v), in dry standard
cubic meters per hour when Method 18 or 25 is used to measure
VOC concentration or in standard cubic meters per hour (wet
basis) when Method 25A is used to measure VOC concentration.
For purposes of calculating the efficiency of the individual
adsorber vessel, the value of Qgv can be assumed to
equal the value of Qhv measured for that adsorber
vessel.
Qhv = the volumetric flow rate of the gas stream exiting each
individual carbon adsorber vessel (v), in dry standard cubic
meters per hour when Method 18 or 25 is used to measure VOC
concentration or in standard cubic meters per hour (wet basis)
when Method 25A is used to measure VOC concentration.
Qin i = the volumetric flow rate of each gas
stream (i) entering the total enclosure through a forced
makeup air duct, in standard cubic meters per hour (wet
basis).
Qout j = the volumetric flow rate of each gas
stream (j) exiting the total enclosure through an exhaust duct
or hood, in standard cubic meters per hour (wet basis).
R = the overall VOC emission reduction achieved for the duration of the
emission test (expressed as a fraction).
RSi = the total mass (kg) of VOC retained on the coated
substrate after oven drying or contained in waste coating for
a given combination of coating and substrate.
Woi = the weight fraction of VOC in each coating (i) applied
at an affected coating operation during a nominal 1-month
period as determined by Method 24.
(c) Tables 1a and 1b present a cross reference of the affected
facility status and the relevant section(s) of the regulation.
Table 1a--Cross Reference \a b\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Compliance
Status Standard provisions Sec.
60.743
------------------------------------------------------------------------
A. Coating operation:
1. If projected VOC use is Sec. 60.740(b) Not applicable.
<95 Mg/yr. : Monitor VOC
use.
2. If projected VOC use is 95 Sec. 60.742(b) (a)(1), (a)(2),
Mg/yr. (1): Reduce (a)(3), or (a)(4);
VOC emissions
to the
atmosphere
from the
coating
operation by
at least 90
percent; or.
[[Page 223]]
Sec. 60.742(b) (b), (e).
(2): Install,
operate, and
maintain a
total
enclosure
around the
coating
operation and
vent the
captured VOC
emissions from
the total
enclosure to a
control device
that is at
least 95
percent
efficient.
B. Coating mix preparation
equipment:
1. If projected VOC use is 95 Sec. 60.742(c) (d), (e).
Mg/yr but <130 Mg/yr. (3): (i)
Install,
operate, and
maintain a
cover on each
piece of
affected
equipment; or
(ii) install,
operate, and
maintain a
cover on each
piece of
affected
equipment and
vent VOC
emissions to a
VOC control
device.
2. If projected VOC use is Sec. 60.742(c) (d).
130 Mg/yr but there is no (2): (i)
concurrent construction of a Install,
control device. operate, and
maintain a
cover on each
piece of
affected
equipment; or
(ii) install,
operate, and
maintain a
cover on each
piece of
affected
equipment and
vent VOC
emissions to a
VOC control
device.
3. If projected VOC use is Sec. 60.742(c) (c), (e).
130 Mg/yr and there is (1): Install,
concurrent construction of a operate, and
control device. maintain a
cover on each
piece of
affected
equipment and
vent VOC
emissions from
the covered
equipment to a
95 percent
efficient
control device
while
preparation of
the coating is
taking place
within the
vessel.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ This table is presented for the convenience of the user and is not
intended to supersede the language of the regulation. For the details
of the requirements, refer to the text of the regulation.
\b\ Refer to table 1b to determine which subsections of Secs. 60.744,
60.745, and 60.747 correspond to each compliance provision (Sec.
60.743).
Table 1b--Cross Reference
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Compliance provisions--Sec. Category/equipment Monitoring requirements--Sec. Reporting and recordkeeping
60.743 Test methods--Sec. 60.745 \a\ 60.744 requirements--Sec. 60.747
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A. Coating operation:
(a)(1)--Gaseous emission test (b)-(g).................... General, CA, CO, TI, (a), (i), (j), (k), (c)(1), (a), (d)(7), (f), (g), (h),
for coating operations not CI, PE, TE. (d), (e), (f), (g). (d)(1)(i), (d)(2)(i), (d)(3),
using carbon adsorption beds (d)(4), (d)(5), (d)(6).
with individual exhausts.
(a)(2)--Gaseous emission test (b)-(g).................... General, CA, PE, TE.. (a), (i), (j), (k), (c)(2), (g) (a), (d)(7), (f), (g), (h),
for coating operations using (d)(1)(ii), (d)(2)(ii),
carbon adsorption beds with (d)(6).
individual exhausts.
(a)(3)--Monthly liquid (a)........................ VOC recovery......... (i), (k)....................... (e), (f), (g), (h).
material balance--can be used
only when a VOC recovery
device controls only those
emissions from one affected
coating operation.
(a)(4)--Short-term (3 to 7 (a)........................ General, CA, CO, PE, (a), (i), (j), (k), (c)(1), (a), (d)(7), (f), (g), (h),
day) liquid material balance-- TE. (c)(2), (d), (g). (d)(1), (d)(2), (d)(3),
may be used as an alternative (d)(6).
to (a)(3).
(b)--Alternative standard for (b)-(g).................... General, CA, CO, TI, (a), (i), (j), (k), (c)(1), (a), (d)(7), (f), (g), (h),
coating operation-- CI, PE, TE. (c)(2), (d), (e), (f), (h). (d)(1), (d)(2), (d)(3),
demonstrate use of approved (d)(4), (d)(5), (d)(6).
total enclosure and emissions
vented to a 95 percent
efficient control device.
B. Coating mix preparation
equipment:
(c)--Standard for equipment (b)-(g).................... General, CA, TI, CI.. (a), (i), (j), (k), (c)(1), (a), (d)(7), (f), (g), (h),
servicing a coating operation (c)(2), (e), (f). (d)(1), (d)(2), (d)(4),
with concurrent construction (d)(5).
of a control device that uses
at least 130 Mg/yr of VOC--
demonstrate that covers
meeting specifications are
installed and used properly;
procedures detailing proper
use are posted; the mix
equipment is vented to a 95
percent efficient control
device.
[[Page 224]]
(d)--Standard for equipment No other requirements apply
servicing a coating operation
that does not have concurrent
construction of a control
device but uses at least 130
Mg/yr of VOC or for equipment
servicing a coating operation
that uses <130 Mg/yr but 95
Mg/yr of VOC--demonstrate
that covers meeting
specifications are installed
and used properly; procedures
detailing proper use are
posted; the mix equipment is
vented to a control device
(optional).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ CA = carbon adsorber; CO = condenser; TI = thermal incinerator; CI = catalytic incinerator; PE = partial enclosure; TE = total enclosure.
Sec. 60.742 Standards for volatile organic compounds.
(a) Each owner or operator of an affected facility that is subject
to the requirements of this subpart shall comply with the emissions
limitations set forth in this section on and after the date on which the
initial performance test required by Sec. 60.8 is completed, but not
later than 60 days after achieving the maximum production rate at which
the affected facility will be operated or 180 days after initial
startup, whichever date comes first.
(b) For the coating operation, each owner or operator of an affected
facility shall either:
(1) Reduce VOC emissions to the atmosphere from the coating
operation by at least 90 percent (``emission reduction'' standard); or
(2) Install, operate, and maintain a total enclosure around the
coating operation and vent the captured VOC emissions from the total
enclosure to a control device that is at least 95 percent effecient
(alternative standard).
(c) For the onsite coating mix preparation equipment of an affected
facility, the owner or operator shall comply with the following
requirements, as applicable:
(1) For an affected facility that has concurrent construction of a
control device and uses at least 130 Mg of VOC per 12-month period, the
owner or operator shall install, operate, and maintain a cover on each
piece of affected coating mix preparation equipment and vent VOC
emissions from the covered mix equipment to a 95 percent efficient
control device while preparation of the coating is taking place within
the vessel.
(2) For an affected facility that does not have concurrent
construction of a control device but uses at least 130 Mg of VOC per 12-
month period, the owner or operator shall either:
(i) Install, operate, and maintain a cover on each piece of affected
coating mix preparation equipment; or
(ii) Install, operate, and maintain a cover on each piece of
affected coating mix preparation equipment and vent VOC emissions to a
VOC control device.
(3) For an affected facility that uses at least 95 Mg but less than
130 Mg of VOC per 12-month period, the owner or operator shall either.
(i) Install, operate, and maintain a cover on each piece of affected
coating mix preparation equipment; or
(ii) Install, operate, and maintain a cover on each piece of
affected coating mix preparation equipment and vent VOC emissions to a
VOC control device.
Sec. 60.743 Compliance provisions.
(a) To demonstrate compliance with the emission reduction standard
for coating operations specified in Sec. 60.742(b)(1), the owner or
operator of the affected facility shall use one of the following
methods.
[[Page 225]]
(1) Gaseous emission test for coating operations not using carbon
adsorption beds with individual exhausts. This method is applicable when
the emissions from any affected coating operation are controlled by a
control device other than a fixed-bed carbon adsorption system with
individual exhaust stacks for each adsorber vessel. The owner or
operator using this method shall comply with the following procedures:
(i) Construct the vapor capture system and control device so that
all gaseous volumetric flow rates and total VOC emissions can be
accurately determined by the applicable test methods and procedures
specified in Sec. 60.745(b) through (g);
(ii) Determine capture efficiency from the coating operation by
capturing, venting, and measuring all VOC emissions from the coating
operation. During a performance test, the owner or operator of an
affected coating operation located in an area with other sources of VOC
shall isolate the coating operation emissions from all other sources of
VOC by one of the following methods:
(A) Build a temporary enclosure, as defined in Sec. 60.741(a) and
conforming to the requirements of Sec. 60.743(b)(1), around the affected
coating operation. The temporary enclosure must be constructed and
ventilated (through stacks suitable for testing) so that it has minimal
impact on performance of the capture system; or
(B) Shut down all other sources of VOC and continue to exhaust
fugitive emissions from the affected coating operation through any
building ventilation system and other room exhausts such as those on
drying ovens. All such ventilation air must be vented through stacks
suitable for testing because the VOC content in each must be determined.
(iii) Operate the emission control device with all emission sources
connected and operating.
(iv) Determine the efficiency (E) of the control device by Equation
1:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN92.067
(v) Determine the efficiency (F) of the vapor capture system by
Equation 2:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN92.068
(vi) For each affected coating operation subject to
Sec. 60.742(b)(1) (emission reduction standard for coating operations),
compliance is demonstrated if the product of (E)x(F) is equal to or
greater than 0.90.
[[Page 226]]
(2) Gaseous emission test for coating operations using carbon
adsorption beds with individual exhausts. This method is applicable when
emissions from any affected coating operation are controlled by a fixed-
bed carbon adsorption system with individual exhaust stacks for each
adsorber vessel. The owner or operator using this method shall comply
with the following procedures:
(i) Construct the vapor capture system and control device so that
each volumetric flow rate and the total VOC emissions can be accurately
determined by the applicable test methods and procedures specified in
Sec. 60.745 (b) through (g);
(ii) Assure that all VOC emissions from the coating operation are
segregated from other VOC sources and that the emissions can be captured
for measurement, as described in Sec. 60.743(a)(1)(ii) (A) and (B);
(iii) Operate the emission control device with all emission sources
connected and operating;
(iv) Determine the efficiency (Hv) of each individual
adsorber vessel (v) using Equation 3:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN92.069
(v) Determine the efficiency of the carbon adsorption system
(Hsys) by computing the average efficiency of the adsorber
vessels as weighted by the volumetric flow rate (Qhv) of each
individual adsorber vessel (v) using Equation 4:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN92.070
(vi) Determine the efficiency (F) of the vapor capture system using
Equation (2).
(vii) For each affected coating operation subject to
Sec. 60.742(b)(1) (emission reduction standard for coating operations),
compliance is demonstrated if the product of (Hsys)x(F) is
equal to or greater than 0.90.
(3) Monthly liquid material balance. This method can be used only
when a VOC recovery device controls only those emissions from one
affected coating operation. It may not be used if the VOC recovery
device controls emissions from any other VOC emission sources. When
demonstrating compliance by this method, Sec. 60.8(f) (Performance
Tests) of this part does not apply. The owner or operator using this
method shall comply with the following procedures to determine the VOC
emission reduction for each nominal 1-month period:
(i) Measure the amount of coating applied at the coating applicator.
This quantity shall be determined at a time and location in the process
after all ingredients (including any dilution solvent) have been added
to the coating, or appropriate adjustments shall be made to account for
any ingredients added after the amount of coating has been determined;
(ii) Determine the VOC content of all coatings applied using the
test method
[[Page 227]]
specified in Sec. 60.745(a). This value shall be determined at a time
and location in the process after all ingredients (including any
dilution solvent) have been added to the coating, or appropriate
adjustments shall be made to account for any ingredients added after the
VOC content in the coating has been determined;
(iii) Install, calibrate, maintain, and operate, according to the
manufacturer's specifications, a device that indicates the cumulative
amount of VOC recovered by the control device over each nominal 1-month
period. The device shall be certified by the manufacturer to be accurate
to within [2.0 percent;
(iv) Measure the amount of VOC recovered; and
(v) Calculate the overall VOC emission reduction (R) for each and
every nominal 1-month period using Equation 5. Emissions during startups
and shutdowns are to be included when determining R because startups and
shutdowns are part of normal operation for this source category.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN92.071
If the value of R is equal to or greater than 0.90, compliance with
Sec. 60.742(b)(1) is demonstrated.
(A) The value of RSi is zero unless the owner or operator
submits the following information to the Administrator for approval of a
measured value of RSi that is greater than zero but less than
or equal to 6 percent by weight of the liquid VOC applied:
(1) Measurement techniques; and
(2) Documentation that the measured value of RSi exceeds
zero but is less than or equal to 6 percent by weight of the liquid VOC
applied.
(B) For those facilities not subject to paragraph (a)(3)(v)(A) of
this section, the value of RSi is zero unless the owner or
operator submits the following information to the Administrator for
approval of a measured value of RSi that is greater than 6
percent by weight of the liquid VOC applied.
(1) Measurement techniques;
(2) Documentation that the measured value of RSi exceeds
6 percent by weight of the liquid VOC applied; and
(3) Either documentation of customer specifications requiring higher
values or documentation that the desired properties of the product make
it necessary for RSi to exceed 6 percent by weight of the
liquid VOC applied and that such properties cannot be achieved by other
means.
(C) The measurement techniques of paragraphs (a)(3)(v)(A)(1) and
(a)(3)(v)(B)(1) of this section shall be submitted to the Administrator
for approval with the notification of anticipated startup required under
Sec. 60.7(a)(2).
(vi) The point at which Mr is to be measured shall be
established when the compliance procedures are approved. The presumptive
point of measurement shall be prior to separation/ purification; a point
after separation/purification may be adopted for enhanced convenience or
accuracy.
(4) Short-term liquid material balance. This method may be used as
an alternative to the monthly liquid material balance described in
paragraph (a)(3) of this section. The owner or operator using this
method shall comply with the following procedures to determine VOC
emission reduction for a 3- to 7-day period and shall continuously
monitor VOC emissions as specified in Sec. 60.744.
(i) Use the procedures described in paragraphs (a)(3) (i) through
(vi) of this section to determine the overall emission reduction, R.
Compliance is demonstrated if the value of R is equal to or greater than
0.90.
[[Page 228]]
(ii) The number of days for the performance test (3 to 7) is to be
based on the affected facility's representative performance consistent
with the requirements of Sec. 60.8(c). Data demonstrating that the
chosen test period is representative shall be submitted to the
Administrator for approval with the notification of anticipated startup
required under Sec. 60.7(a)(2).
(b) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation subject
to the standard specified in Sec. 60.742(b)(2) (alternative standard for
coating operations) shall:
(1) Demonstrate that a total enclosure is installed. The total
enclosure shall either be approved by the Administrator in accordance
with the provisions of Sec. 60.746, or meet the requirements in
paragraphs (b)(1) (i) through (vi) of this section, as follows:
(i) The only openings in the enclosure are forced makeup air and
exhaust ducts and natural draft openings such as those through which raw
materials enter and exist the coating operation;
(ii) Total area of all natural draft openings does not exceed 5
percent of the total surface area of the total enclosure's walls, floor,
and ceiling;
(iii) All access doors and windows are closed during normal
operation of the enclosed coating operation, except for brief,
occasional openings to accommodate process equipment adjustments. If
such openings are frequent, or if the access door or window remains open
for a significant amount of time during the process operation, it must
be considered a natural draft opening. Access doors used routinely by
workers to enter and exit the enclosed area shall be equipped with
automatic closure devices;
(iv) Average inward face velocity (FV) across all natural draft
openings is a minimum of 3,600 meters per hour as determined by the
following procedures:
(A) Construct all forced makeup air ducts and all exhaust ducts so
that the volumetric flow rate in each can be accurately determined by
the test methods and procedures specified in Sec. 60.745 (c) and (d).
Volumetric flow rates shall be calculated without the adjustment
normally made for moisture content; and
(B) Determine FV by Equation 6:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01JN92.072
(v) The air passing through all natural draft openings flows into
the enclosure continuously. If FV is less than or equal to 9,000 meters
per hour, the continuous inward airflow shall be verified by continuous
observation using smoke tubes, streamers, tracer gases, or other means
approved by the Administrator over the period that the volumetric flow
rate tests required to determine FV are carried out. If FV is greater
than 9,000 meters per hour, the direction of airflow thourgh the natural
draft openings shall be presumed to be inward at all times without
verification.
(vi) All sources of emissions within the enclosure shall be a
minimum of four equivalent diameters away from each natural draft
opening.
(2) Determine the control device efficiency using Equation (1) or
Equations (3) and (4), as applicable, and the test methods and
procedures specified in Sec. 60.745 (b) through (g).
(3) Compliance is demonstrated if the installation of a total
enclosure is demonstrated and the value of E determined from Equation
(1) or the value of
[[Page 229]]
Hsys determined from Equations (3) and (4), as applicable, is
equal to or greater than 0.95.
(c) To demonstrate compliance with Sec. 60.742(c)(1) (standard for
coating mix preparation equipment servicing a coating operation with
concurrent construction of a control device that uses at least 130 Mg
per year of VOC), each owner or operator of affected coating mix
preparation equipment shall demonstrate that:
(1) Covers meeting the following specifications have been installed
and are being used properly:
(i) Cover shall be closed at all times except when adding
ingredients, withdrawing samples, transferring the contents, or making
visual inspection when such activities cannot be carried out with cover
in place. Such activities shall be carried out through ports of the
minimum practical size;
(ii) Cover shall extend at least 2 centimeters beyond the outer rim
of the opening or shall be attached to the rim;
(iii) Cover shall be of such design and construction that contact is
maintained between cover and rim along the entire perimeter;
(iv) Any breach in the cover (such as a slit for insertion of a
mixer shaft or port for addition of ingredients) shall be covered
consistent with paragraphs (c)(1) (i), (ii), and (iii) of this section
when not actively in use. An opening sufficient to allow safe clearance
for a mixer shaft is acceptable during those periods when the shaft is
in place; and
(v) A polyehtylene or nonpermanent cover may be used provided it
meets the requirements of paragraphs (c)(1) (ii), (iii), and (iv) of
this section. Such a cover shall not be reused after once being removed.
(2) Procedures detailing the proper use of covers, as specified in
paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section, have been posted in all areas where
affected coatings mix preparation equipment is used;
(3) The coating mix preparation equipment is vented to a control
device while preparation of the coating is taking place within the
vessel; and
(4) The control device efficiency (E or Hsys, as
applicable) determined using Equation (1) or Equations (3) and (4),
respectively, and the test methods and procedures specified in
Sec. 60.745 (b) through (g) is equal to or greater than 0.95.
(d) To demonstrate compliance with Sec. 60.742(c)(2) (standard for
coating mix preparation equipment servicing a coating operation that
does not have concurrent construction of a control device but uses at
least 130 Mg of VOC per year) or Sec. 60.742(c)(3) (standard for coating
mix preparation equipment servicing a coating operation that uses at
least 95 Mg but less than 130 Mg of VOC per year), each owner or
operator of affected coating mix preparation equipment shall demonstrate
upon inspection that:
(1) Covers satisfying the specifications in paragraphs (c)(1) (i)
through (v) of this section have been installed and are being properly
operated and maintained; and
(2) Procedures detailing the proper use of covers, as specified in
paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section, have been posted in all areas where
affected coating mix preparation equipment is used.
(3) Owners or operators meeting the standard specified in
Sec. 60.742 (c)(2)(ii) or (c)(3)(ii) shall also demonstrate that the
coating mix preparation equipment is vented to a control device.
(e) If a control device other than a carbon adsorber, condenser, or
incinerator is used to control emissions from an affected facility, the
necessary operating specifications for that device must be approved by
the Administrator. An example of such a device is a flare.
Sec. 60.744 Monitoring requirements.
(a) Each owner or operator of an affected facility shall install and
calibrate all monitoring devices required under the provisions of this
section according to the manufacturer's specifications, prior to the
initial performance test in locations such that representative values of
the monitored parameters will be obtained. The parameters to be
monitored shall be continuously measured and recorded during each
performance test.
(b) Each owner or operator of an affected facility that uses less
than 95 Mg of VOC per year and each owner or operator of an affected
facility subject to
[[Page 230]]
the provisions specified in Sec. 60.742(c)(3) shall:
(1) Make semiannual estimates of the projected annual amount of VOC
to be used for the manufacture of polymeric coated substrate at the
affected coating operation in that year; and
(2) Maintain records of actual VOC use.
(c) Each owner or operator of an affected facility controlled by a
carbon adsorption system and demonstrating compliance by the procedures
described in Sec. 60.743 (a)(1), (2), (b), or (c) (which include control
device efficiency determinations) or Sec. 60.743(a)(4) (short-term
liquid material balance) shall carry out the monitoring provisions of
paragraph (c)(1) or (2) of this section, as appropriate.
(1) For carbon adsorption systems with a common exhaust stack for
all the individual adsorber vessels, install, calibrate, maintain, and
operate, according to the manufacturer's specifications, a monitoring
device that continuously indicates and records the concentration level
of organic compounds in either the control device outlet gas stream or
in both the control device inlet and outlet gas streams. The outlet gas
stream shall be monitored if the percent increase in the concentration
level of organic compounds is used as the basis for reporting, as
described in Sec. 60.747(d)(1)(i). The inlet and outlet gas streams
shall be monitored if the percent control device efficiency is used as
the basis for reporting, as described in Sec. 60.747(d)(2)(i).
(2) For carbon adsorption systems with individual exhaust stacks for
each adsorber vessel, install, calibrate, maintain, and operate,
according to the manufacturer's specifications, a monitoring device that
continuously indicates and records the concentration level of organic
compounds in the outlet gas stream for a minimum of one complete
adsorption cycle per day for each adsorber vessel. The owner or operator
may also monitor and record the concentration level of organic compounds
in the common carbon adsorption system inlet gas stream or in each
individual carbon adsorber vessel inlet stream. The outlet gas streams
shall be monitored if the percent increase in the concentration level of
organic compounds is used as the basis for reporting, as described in
Sec. 60.747(d)(1)(ii). In this case, the owner or operator shall compute
daily a 3-day rolling average concentration level of organics in the
outlet gas stream from each individual adsorber vessel. The inlet and
outlet gas streams shall be monitored if the percent control device
efficiency is used as the basis for reporting, as described in
Sec. 60.747(d)(2)(ii). In this case, the owner or operator shall compute
daily a 3-day rolling average efficiency for each individual adsorber
vessel.
(d) Each owner or operator of an affected facility controlled by a
condensation system and demonstrating compliance by the test methods
described in Sec. 60.743 (a)(1), (2), (b), or (c) (which include control
device efficiency determinations) or Sec. 60.743(a)(4) (short-term
liquid material balance) shall install, calibrate, maintain, and
operate, according to the manufacturer's specifications, a monitoring
device that continuously indicates and records the temperature of the
condenser exhaust stream.
(e) Each owner or operator of an affected facility controlled by a
thermal incinerator and demonstrating compliance by the test methods
described in Sec. 60.743 (a)(1), (2), (b), or (c) (which include control
device efficiency determinations) shall install, calibrate, maintain,
and operate, according to the manufacturer's specifications, a
monitoring device that continuously indicates and records the combustion
temperature of the incinerator. The monitoring device shall have an
accuracy within [1 percent of the temperature being measured in Celsius
degrees.
(f) Each owner or operator of an affected facility controlled by a
catalytic incinerator and demonstrating compliance by the test methods
described in Sec. 60.743 (a)(1), (2), (b), or (c) (which include control
device efficiency determinations) shall install, calibrate, maintain,
and operate, according to the manufacturer's specifications, a
monitoring device that continuously indicates and records the gas
temperature both upstream and downstream of the catalyst bed. The
monitoring device shall have an accuracy within [1 percent of the
temperature being measured in Celsius degrees.
[[Page 231]]
(g) Each owner or operator of an affected facility who demonstrates
compliance by the test methods described in Sec. 60.743(a)(1) or (2)
(which include vapor capture system efficiency determinations) or
Sec. 60.743(a)(4) (short-term liquid material balance) shall submit a
monitoring plan for the vapor capture system to the Administrator for
approval with the notification of anticipated startup required under
Sec. 60.7(a)(2) of the General Provisions. This plan shall identify the
parameter to be monitored as an indicator of vapor capture system
performance (e.g., the amperage to the exhaust fans or duct flow rates)
and the method for monitoring the chosen parameter. The owner or
operator shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate, according to
the manufacturer's specifications, a monitoring device that continuously
indicates and records the value of the chosen parameter.
(h) Each owner or operator of an affected facility who demonstrates
compliance as described in Sec. 60.743(b) shall follow the procedures
described in paragraph (g) of this section to establish a monitoring
system for the total enclosure.
(i) Each owner or operator of an affected facility shall record time
periods of mixing or coating operations when the emission control device
is malfunctioning or not in use.
(j) Each owner or operator of an affected facility shall record time
periods of mixing or coating operations when each monitoring device is
malfunctioning or not in use.
(k) Records of the measurements and calculations required in
Sec. 60.743 and Sec. 60.744 must be retained for at least 2 years
following the date of the measurements and calculations.
Sec. 60.745 Test methods and procedures.
Methods in appendix A of this part, except as provided under
Sec. 60.8(b), shall be used to determine compliance as follows:
(a) Method 24 is used to determine the VOC content in coatings. If
it is demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Administrator that coating
formulation data are equivalent to Method 24 results, formulation data
may be used. In the event of any inconsistency between a Method 24 test
and a facility's formulation data, the Method 24 test will govern. For
Method 24, the coating sample must be a 1-liter sample collected in a 1-
liter container at a point in the process where the sample will be
representative of the coating applied to the substrate (i.e., the sample
shall include any dilution solvent or other VOC added during the
manufacturing process). The container must be tightly sealed immediately
after the sample is collected. Any solvent or other VOC added after the
sample is taken must be measured and accounted for in the calculations
that use Method 24 results.
(b) Method 25 shall be used to determine VOC concentrations from
incinerator gas streams. Alternative Methods (18 or 25A), may be used as
explained in the applicability section of Method 25 in cases where use
of Method 25 is demonstrated to be technically infeasible. The owner or
operator shall submit notice of the intended test method to the
Administrator for approval along with the notification of the
performance test required under Sec. 60.8(d) of the General Provisions.
Except as indicated in paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(2) of this section, the
test shall consist of three separate runs, each lasting a minimum of 30
minutes.
(1) When the method is to be used in the determination of the
efficiency of a fixed-bed carbon adsorption system with a common exhaust
stack for all the individual adsorber vessels pursuant to Sec. 60.743
(a)(1), (b), or (c), the test shall consist of three separate runs, each
coinciding with one or more complete system rotations through the
adsorption cycles of all the individual adsorber vessels.
(2) When the method is to be used in the determination of the
efficiency of a fixed-bed carbon adsorption system with individual
exhaust stacks for each adsorber vessel pursuant to Sec. 60.743 (a)(2),
(b), or (c), each adsorber vessel shall be tested individually. Each
test shall consist of three separate runs, each coinciding with one or
more complete adsorption cycles.
(c) Method 1 or 1A is used for sample and velocity traverses;
(d) Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D is used for velocity and volumetric flow
rates;
[[Page 232]]
(e) Method 3 is used for gas analysis;
(f) Method 4 is used for stack gas moisture;
(g) Methods 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D; 3; and 4 shall be performed, as
applicable, at least twice during each test run.
Sec. 60.746 Permission to use alternative means of emission
limitation.
(a) If, in the Administrator's judgment, an alternative means of
emission limitation will achieve a reduction in emissions of VOC from
any emission point subject to Sec. 60.742(c) at least equivalent to that
required by Sec. 60.742(b)(2) or Sec. 60.742(c), respectively, the
Administrator will publish in the Federal Register a notice permitting
the use of the alternative means. The Administrator may condition
permission on requirements that may be necessary to ensure operation and
maintenance to achieve the same emission reduction as specified in
Sec. 60.742(b)(2) or Sec. 60.742(c), respectively.
(b) Any notice under paragraph (a) of this section shall be
published only after public notice and an opportunity for a public
hearing.
(c) Any person seeking permission under this section shall submit to
the Administrator either results from an emission test that accurately
collects and measures all VOC emissions from a given control device or
an engineering evaluation that accurately determines such emissions.
Sec. 60.747 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
(a) For each affected facility subject to the requirements of
Sec. 60.742(b) and (c), the owner or operator shall submit the
performance test data and results to the Administrator as specified in
Sec. 60.8(a) of this part. In addition, the average values of the
monitored parameters measured at least every 15 minutes and averaged
over the period of the performance test shall be submitted with the
results of all performance tests.
(b) Each owner or operator of an affected facility subject to the
provisions specified in Sec. 60.742(c)(3) and claiming to use less than
130 Mg of VOC in the first year of operation and each owner or operator
of an affected facility claiming to use less than 95 Mg of VOC in the
first year of operation shall submit to the Administrator, with the
notification of anticipated startup required under Sec. 60.7(a)(2) of
the General Provisions, a material flow chart indicating projected VOC
use. The owner or operator shall also submit actual VOC use records at
the end of the initial year.
(c) Each owner or operator of an affected facility subject to the
provisions of Sec. 60.742(c)(3) and initially using less than 130 Mg of
VOC per year and each owner or operator of an affected facility
initially using less than 95 Mg of VOC per year shall:
(1) Record semiannual estimates of projected VOC use and actual 12-
month VOC use;
(2) Report the first semiannual estimate in which projected annual
VOC use exceeds the applicable cutoff; and
(3) Report the first 12-month period in which the actual VOC use
exceeds the applicable cutoff.
(d) Each owner or operator of an affected facility demonstrating
compliance by the methods described in Sec. 60.743(a)(1), (2), (4), (b),
or (c) shall maintain records and submit quarterly reports to the
Administrator documenting the following:
(1) For those affected facilities monitoring only the carbon
adsorption system outlet concentration levels of organic compounds, the
periods (during actual coating operations) specified in paragraph
(d)(1)(i) or (ii) of this section, as applicable.
(i) For carbon adsorption systems with a common exhaust stack for
all the individual adsorber vessels, all periods of three consecutive
system rotations through the adsorption cycles of all the individual
adsorber vessels during which the average value of the concentration
level of organic compounds in the common outlet gas stream is more than
20 percent greater than the average value measured during the most
recent performance test that demonstrated compliance.
(ii) For carbon adsorption systems with individual exhaust stacks
for each adsorber vessel, all 3-day rolling averages for each adsorber
vessel when the concentration level of organic compounds in the
individual outlet gas stream is more than 20 percent greater
[[Page 233]]
than the average value for that adsorber vessel measured during the most
recent performance test that demonstrated compliance.
(2) For those affected facilities monitoring both the carbon
adsorption system inlet and outlet concentration levels of organic
compounds, the periods (during actual coating operations), specified in
paragraph (d)(2)(i) or (ii) of this section, as applicable.
(i) For carbon adsorption systems with a common exhaust stack for
all the individual adsorber vessels, all periods of three consecutive
adsorption cycles of all the individual adsorber vessels during which
the average carbon adsorption system efficiency falls below the
applicable level as follows:
(A) For those affected facilities demonstrating compliance by the
performance test method described in Sec. 60.743(a)(1), the value of E
determined using Equation (1) during the most recent performance test
that demonstrated compliance.
(B) For those affected facilities demonstrating compliance by the
performance test described in Sec. 60.743(a)(4), the average value of
the system efficiency measured with the monitor during the most recent
performance test that demonstrated compliance.
(C) For those affected facilities demonstrating compliance pursuant
to Sec. 60.743(b) or (c), 0.95.
(ii) For carbon adsorption systems with individual exhaust stacks
for each adsorber vessel, all 3-day rolling averages for each adsorber
vessel during which the average carbon adsorber vessel efficiency falls
below the applicable level as follows:
(A) For those affected facilities demonstrating compliance by the
performance test method described in Sec. 60.743(a)(2), (b), or (c), the
value of Hv determined using Equation (3) during the most
recent performance test that demonstrated compliance.
(B) For those affected facilities demonstrating compliance by the
performance test described in Sec. 60.743(a)(4), the average efficiency
for that adsorber vessel measured with the monitor during the most
recent performance test that demonstrated compliance.
(3) For those affected facilities monitoring condenser exhaust gas
temperature, all 3-hour periods (during actual coating operations)
during which the average exhaust temperature is 5 or more Celsius
degrees above the average temperature measured during the most recent
performance test that demonstrated compliance;
(4) For those affected facilities monitoring thermal incinerator
combustion gas temperature, all 3-hour periods (during actual coating
operations) during which the average combustion temperature of the
device is more than 28 Celsius degrees below the average combustion
temperature of the device during the most recent performance test that
demonstrated compliance;
(5) For those affected facilities monitoring catalytic incinerator
catalyst bed temperature, all 3-hour periods (during actual coating
operations) during which the average gas temperature immediately before
the catalyst bed is more than 28 Celsius degrees below the average gas
temperature during the most recent performance test that demonstrated
compliance and all 3-hour periods (during actual coating operations)
during which the average gas temperature difference across the catalyst
bed is less than 80 percent of the average gas temperature difference
during the most recent performance test that demonstrated compliance;
(6) For each affected facility monitoring a total enclosure pursuant
to Sec. 60.744(h) or vapor capture system pursuant to Sec. 60.744(g),
all 3-hour periods (during actual coating operations) during which the
average total enclosure or vapor capture system monitor readings vary by
5 percent or more from the average value measured during the most recent
performance test that demonstrated compliance.
(7) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation not
required to submit reports under paragraphs (d)(1) through (6) of this
section because no reportable periods have occurred shall submit
semiannual statements clarifying this fact.
(e) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation,
demonstrating compliance by the test methods described in
Sec. 60.743(a)(3) (liquid-liquid material balance) shall submit the
following:
[[Page 234]]
(1) For months of compliance, semiannual reports to the
Administrator stating that the affected coating operation was in
compliance for each 1-month period; and
(2) For months of noncompliance, quarterly reports to the
Administrator documenting the 1-month amount of VOC contained in the
coatings, the 1-month amount of VOC recovered, and the percent emission
reduction for each month.
(f) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation, either
by itself or with associated coating mix preparation equipment, shall
submit the following with the reports required under paragraphs (d) and
(e) of this section:
(1) All periods during actual mixing or coating operations when a
required monitoring device (if any) was malfunctioning or not operating;
and
(2) All periods during actual mixing or coating operations when the
control device was malfunctioning or not operating.
(g) The reports required under paragraphs (b), (c), (d), and (e) of
this section shall be postmarked within 30 days of the end of the
reporting period.
(h) Records required in Sec. 60.747 must be retained for at least 2
years.
(i) The requirements of this section remain in force until and
unless EPA, in delegating enforcement authority to a State under section
111(c) of the Act, approves reporting requirements or an alternative
means of compliance surveillance adopted by such States. In this event,
affected sources within the State will be relieved of the obligation to
comply with this subsection, provided that they comply with the
requirements established by the State.
Sec. 60.748 Delegation of authority.
(a) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority to a
State under section 111(c) of the Act, the authorities contained in
paragraph (b) of this section shall be retained by the Administrator and
not transferred to a State.
(b) Authorities that will not be delegated to States:
Secs. 60.743(a)(3)(v) (A) and (B); 60.743(e); 60.745(a); 60.746.
Subpart WWW_Standards of Performance for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills
Source: 61 FR 9919, Mar. 12, 1996, unless otherwise noted.
Sec. 60.750 Applicability, designation of affected facility,
and delegation of authority.
(a) The provisions of this subpart apply to each municipal solid
waste landfill that commenced construction, reconstruction or
modification on or after May 30, 1991. Physical or operational changes
made to an existing MSW landfill solely to comply with subpart Cc of
this part are not considered construction, reconstruction, or
modification for the purposes of this section.
(b) The following authorities shall be retained by the Administrator
and not transferred to the State: Sec. 60.754(a)(5).
(c) Activities required by or conducted pursuant to a CERCLA, RCRA,
or State remedial action are not considered construction,
reconstruction, or modification for purposes of this subpart.
[61 FR 9919, Mar. 12, 1996, as amended at 63 FR 32750, June 16, 1998]
Sec. 60.751 Definitions.
As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein shall have the
meaning given them in the Act or in subpart A of this part.
Active collection system means a gas collection system that uses gas
mover equipment.
Active landfill means a landfill in which solid waste is being
placed or a landfill that is planned to accept waste in the future.
Closed landfill means a landfill in which solid waste is no longer
being placed, and in which no additional solid wastes will be placed
without first filing a notification of modification as prescribed under
Sec. 60.7(a)(4). Once a notification of modification has been filed, and
additional solid waste is placed in the landfill, the landfill is no
longer closed.
Closure means that point in time when a landfill becomes a closed
landfill.
[[Page 235]]
Commercial solid waste means all types of solid waste generated by
stores, offices, restaurants, warehouses, and other nonmanufacturing
activities, excluding residential and industrial wastes.
Controlled landfill means any landfill at which collection and
control systems are required under this subpart as a result of the
nonmethane organic compounds emission rate. The landfill is considered
controlled at the time a collection and control system design plan is
submitted in compliance with Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(i).
Design capacity means the maximum amount of solid waste a landfill
can accept, as indicated in terms of volume or mass in the most recent
permit issued by the State, local, or Tribal agency responsible for
regulating the landfill, plus any in-place waste not accounted for in
the most recent permit. If the owner or operator chooses to convert the
design capacity from volume to mass or from mass to volume to
demonstrate its design capacity is less than 2.5 million megagrams or
2.5 million cubic meters, the calculation must include a site specific
density, which must be recalculated annually.
Disposal facility means all contiguous land and structures, other
appurtenances, and improvements on the land used for the disposal of
solid waste.
Emission rate cutoff means the threshold annual emission rate to
which a landfill compares its estimated emission rate to determine if
control under the regulation is required.
Enclosed combustor means an enclosed firebox which maintains a
relatively constant limited peak temperature generally using a limited
supply of combustion air. An enclosed flare is considered an enclosed
combustor.
Flare means an open combustor without enclosure or shroud.
Gas mover equipment means the equipment (i.e., fan, blower,
compressor) used to transport landfill gas through the header system.
Household waste means any solid waste (including garbage, trash, and
sanitary waste in septic tanks) derived from households (including, but
not limited to, single and multiple residences, hotels and motels,
bunkhouses, ranger stations, crew quarters, campgrounds, picnic grounds,
and day-use recreation areas).
Industrial solid waste means solid waste generated by manufacturing
or industrial processes that is not a hazardous waste regulated under
Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, parts 264 and
265 of this title. Such waste may include, but is not limited to, waste
resulting from the following manufacturing processes: electric power
generation; fertilizer/agricultural chemicals; food and related
products/by-products; inorganic chemicals; iron and steel manufacturing;
leather and leather products; nonferrous metals manufacturing/foundries;
organic chemicals; plastics and resins manufacturing; pulp and paper
industry; rubber and miscellaneous plastic products; stone, glass, clay,
and concrete products; textile manufacturing; transportation equipment;
and water treatment. This term does not include mining waste or oil and
gas waste.
Interior well means any well or similar collection component located
inside the perimeter of the landfill waste. A perimeter well located
outside the landfilled waste is not an interior well.
Landfill means an area of land or an excavation in which wastes are
placed for permanent disposal, and that is not a land application unit,
surface impoundment, injection well, or waste pile as those terms are
defined under Sec. 257.2 of this title.
Lateral expansion means a horizontal expansion of the waste
boundaries of an existing MSW landfill. A lateral expansion is not a
modification unless it results in an increase in the design capacity of
the landfill.
Modification means an increase in the permitted volume design
capacity of the landfill by either horizontal or vertical expansion
based on its permitted design capacity as of May 30, 1991. Modification
does not occur until the owner or operator commences construction on the
horizontal or vertical expansion.
Municipal solid waste landfill or MSW landfill means an entire
disposal facility in a contiguous geographical space where household
waste is placed in or
[[Page 236]]
on land. An MSW landfill may also receive other types of RCRA Subtitle D
wastes (Sec. 257.2 of this title) such as commercial solid waste,
nonhazardous sludge, conditionally exempt small quantity generator
waste, and industrial solid waste. Portions of an MSW landfill may be
separated by access roads. An MSW landfill may be publicly or privately
owned. An MSW landfill may be a new MSW landfill, an existing MSW
landfill, or a lateral expansion.
Municipal solid waste landfill emissions or MSW landfill emissions
means gas generated by the decomposition of organic waste deposited in
an MSW landfill or derived from the evolution of organic compounds in
the waste.
NMOC means nonmethane organic compounds, as measured according to
the provisions of Sec. 60.754.
Nondegradable waste means any waste that does not decompose through
chemical breakdown or microbiological activity. Examples are, but are
not limited to, concrete, municipal waste combustor ash, and metals.
Passive collection system means a gas collection system that solely
uses positive pressure within the landfill to move the gas rather than
using gas mover equipment.
Sludge means any solid, semisolid, or liquid waste generated from a
municipal, commercial, or industrial wastewater treatment plant, water
supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility, exclusive of
the treated effluent from a wastewater treatment plant.
Solid waste means any garbage, sludge from a wastewater treatment
plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility
and other discarded material, including solid, liquid, semisolid, or
contained gaseous material resulting from industrial, commercial,
mining, and agricultural operations, and from community activities, but
does not include solid or dissolved material in domestic sewage, or
solid or dissolved materials in irrigation return flows or industrial
discharges that are point sources subject to permits under 33 U.S.C.
1342, or source, special nuclear, or by-product material as defined by
the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended (42 U.S.C 2011 et seq.).
Sufficient density means any number, spacing, and combination of
collection system components, including vertical wells, horizontal
collectors, and surface collectors, necessary to maintain emission and
migration control as determined by measures of performance set forth in
this part.
Sufficient extraction rate means a rate sufficient to maintain a
negative pressure at all wellheads in the collection system without
causing air infiltration, including any wellheads connected to the
system as a result of expansion or excess surface emissions, for the
life of the blower.
[61 FR 9919, Mar. 12, 1996, as amended at 63 FR 32750, June 16, 1998; 64
FR 9262, Feb. 24, 1999]
Sec. 60.752 Standards for air emissions from municipal solid waste
landfills.
(a) Each owner or operator of an MSW landfill having a design
capacity less than 2.5 million megagrams by mass or 2.5 million cubic
meters by volume shall submit an initial design capacity report to the
Administrator as provided in Sec. 60.757(a). The landfill may calculate
design capacity in either megagrams or cubic meters for comparison with
the exemption values. Any density conversions shall be documented and
submitted with the report. Submittal of the initial design capacity
report shall fulfill the requirements of this subpart except as provided
for in paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2) of this section.
(1) The owner or operator shall submit to the Administrator an
amended design capacity report, as provided for in Sec. 60.757(a)(3).
(2) When an increase in the maximum design capacity of a landfill
exempted from the provisions of Sec. 60.752(b) through Sec. 60.759 of
this subpart on the basis of the design capacity exemption in paragraph
(a) of this section results in a revised maximum design capacity equal
to or greater than 2.5 million megagrams and 2.5 million cubic meters,
the owner or operator shall comply with the provision of paragraph (b)
of this section.
[[Page 237]]
(b) Each owner or operator of an MSW landfill having a design
capacity equal to or greater than 2.5 million megagrams and 2.5 million
cubic meters, shall either comply with paragraph (b)(2) of this section
or calculate an NMOC emission rate for the landfill using the procedures
specified in Sec. 60.754. The NMOC emission rate shall be recalculated
annually, except as provided in Sec. 60.757(b)(1)(ii) of this subpart.
The owner or operator of an MSW landfill subject to this subpart with a
design capacity greater than or equal to 2.5 million megagrams and 2.5
million cubic meters is subject to part 70 or 71 permitting
requirements.
(1) If the calculated NMOC emission rate is less than 50 megagrams
per year, the owner or operator shall:
(i) Submit an annual emission report to the Administrator, except as
provided for in Sec. 60.757(b)(1)(ii); and
(ii) Recalculate the NMOC emission rate annually using the
procedures specified in Sec. 60.754(a)(1) until such time as the
calculated NMOC emission rate is equal to or greater than 50 megagrams
per year, or the landfill is closed.
(A) If the NMOC emission rate, upon recalculation required in
paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this section, is equal to or greater than 50
megagrams per year, the owner or operator shall install a collection and
control system in compliance with paragraph (b)(2) of this section.
(B) If the landfill is permanently closed, a closure notification
shall be submitted to the Administrator as provided for in
Sec. 60.757(d).
(2) If the calculated NMOC emission rate is equal to or greater than
50 megagrams per year, the owner or operator shall:
(i) Submit a collection and control system design plan prepared by a
professional engineer to the Administrator within 1 year:
(A) The collection and control system as described in the plan shall
meet the design requirements of paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section.
(B) The collection and control system design plan shall include any
alternatives to the operational standards, test methods, procedures,
compliance measures, monitoring, recordkeeping or reporting provisions
of Secs. 60.753 through 60.758 proposed by the owner or operator.
(C) The collection and control system design plan shall either
conform with specifications for active collection systems in Sec. 60.759
or include a demonstration to the Administrator's satisfaction of the
sufficiency of the alternative provisions to Sec. 60.759.
(D) The Administrator shall review the information submitted under
paragraphs (b)(2)(i) (A),(B) and (C) of this section and either approve
it, disapprove it, or request that additional information be submitted.
Because of the many site-specific factors involved with landfill gas
system design, alternative systems may be necessary. A wide variety of
system designs are possible, such as vertical wells, combination
horizontal and vertical collection systems, or horizontal trenches only,
leachate collection components, and passive systems.
(ii) Install a collection and control system that captures the gas
generated within the landfill as required by paragraphs (b)(2)(ii)(A) or
(B) and (b)(2)(iii) of this section within 30 months after the first
annual report in which the emission rate equals or exceeds 50 megagrams
per year, unless Tier 2 or Tier 3 sampling demonstrates that the
emission rate is less than 50 megagrams per year, as specified in
Sec. 60.757(c)(1) or (2).
(A) An active collection system shall:
(1) Be designed to handle the maximum expected gas flow rate from
the entire area of the landfill that warrants control over the intended
use period of the gas control or treatment system equipment;
(2) Collect gas from each area, cell, or group of cells in the
landfill in which the initial solid waste has been placed for a period
of:
(i) 5 years or more if active; or
(ii) 2 years or more if closed or at final grade.
(3) Collect gas at a sufficient extraction rate;
(4) Be designed to minimize off-site migration of subsurface gas.
(B) A passive collection system shall:
(1) Comply with the provisions specified in paragraphs
(b)(2)(ii)(A)(1), (2), and (2)(ii)(A)(4) of this section.
[[Page 238]]
(2) Be installed with liners on the bottom and all sides in all
areas in which gas is to be collected. The liners shall be installed as
required under Sec. 258.40.
(iii) Route all the collected gas to a control system that complies
with the requirements in either paragraph (b)(2)(iii) (A), (B) or (C) of
this section.
(A) An open flare designed and operated in accordance with
Sec. 60.18 except as noted in Sec. 60.754(e);
(B) A control system designed and operated to reduce NMOC by 98
weight-percent, or, when an enclosed combustion device is used for
control, to either reduce NMOC by 98 weight percent or reduce the outlet
NMOC concentration to less than 20 parts per million by volume, dry
basis as hexane at 3 percent oxygen. The reduction efficiency or parts
per million by volume shall be established by an initial performance
test to be completed no later than 180 days after the initial startup of
the approved control system using the test methods specified in
Sec. 60.754(d).
(1) If a boiler or process heater is used as the control device, the
landfill gas stream shall be introduced into the flame zone.
(2) The control device shall be operated within the parameter ranges
established during the initial or most recent performance test. The
operating parameters to be monitored are specified in Sec. 60.756;
(C) Route the collected gas to a treatment system that processes the
collected gas for subsequent sale or use. All emissions from any
atmospheric vent from the gas treatment system shall be subject to the
requirements of paragraph (b)(2)(iii) (A) or (B) of this section.
(iv) Operate the collection and control device installed to comply
with this subpart in accordance with the provisions of Secs. 60.753,
60.755 and 60.756.
(v) The collection and control system may be capped or removed
provided that all the conditions of paragraphs (b)(2)(v) (A), (B), and
(C) of this section are met:
(A) The landfill shall be a closed landfill as defined in
Sec. 60.751 of this subpart. A closure report shall be submitted to the
Administrator as provided in Sec. 60.757(d);
(B) The collection and control system shall have been in operation a
minimum of 15 years; and
(C) Following the procedures specified in Sec. 60.754(b) of this
subpart, the calculated NMOC gas produced by the landfill shall be less
than 50 megagrams per year on three successive test dates. The test
dates shall be no less than 90 days apart, and no more than 180 days
apart.
(c) For purposes of obtaining an operating permit under title V of
the Act, the owner or operator of a MSW landfill subject to this subpart
with a design capacity less than 2.5 million megagrams or 2.5 million
cubic meters is not subject to the requirement to obtain an operating
permit for the landfill under part 70 or 71 of this chapter, unless the
landfill is otherwise subject to either part 70 or 71. For purposes of
submitting a timely application for an operating permit under part 70 or
71, the owner or operator of a MSW landfill subject to this subpart with
a design capacity greater than or equal to 2.5 million megagrams and 2.5
million cubic meters, and not otherwise subject to either part 70 or 71,
becomes subject to the requirements of Secs. 70.5(a)(1)(i) or
71.5(a)(1)(i) of this chapter, regardless of when the design capacity
report is actually submitted, no later than:
(1) June 10, 1996 for MSW landfills that commenced construction,
modification, or reconstruction on or after May 30, 1991 but before
March 12, 1996;
(2) Ninety days after the date of commenced construction,
modification, or reconstruction for MSW landfills that commence
construction, modification, or reconstruction on or after March 12,
1996.
(d) When a MSW landfill subject to this subpart is closed, the owner
or operator is no longer subject to the requirement to maintain an
operating permit under part 70 or 71 of this chapter for the landfill if
the landfill is not otherwise subject to the requirements of either part
70 or 71 and if either of the following conditions are met:
(1) The landfill was never subject to the requirement for a control
system under paragraph (b)(2) of this section; or
[[Page 239]]
(2) The owner or operator meets the conditions for control system
removal specified in paragraph (b)(2)(v) of this section.
[61 FR 9919, Mar. 12, 1996, as amended at 63 FR 32751, June 16, 1998; 65
FR 18908, Apr. 10, 2000; 71 FR 55127, Sept. 21, 2006]
Sec. 60.753 Operational standards for collection and control systems.
Each owner or operator of an MSW landfill with a gas collection and
control system used to comply with the provisions of
Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(ii) of this subpart shall:
(a) Operate the collection system such that gas is collected from
each area, cell, or group of cells in the MSW landfill in which solid
waste has been in place for:
(1) 5 years or more if active; or
(2) 2 years or more if closed or at final grade;
(b) Operate the collection system with negative pressure at each
wellhead except under the following conditions:
(1) A fire or increased well temperature. The owner or operator
shall record instances when positive pressure occurs in efforts to avoid
a fire. These records shall be submitted with the annual reports as
provided in Sec. 60.757(f)(1);
(2) Use of a geomembrane or synthetic cover. The owner or operator
shall develop acceptable pressure limits in the design plan;
(3) A decommissioned well. A well may experience a static positive
pressure after shut down to accommodate for declining flows. All design
changes shall be approved by the Administrator;
(c) Operate each interior wellhead in the collection system with a
landfill gas temperature less than 55 deg.C and with either a nitrogen
level less than 20 percent or an oxygen level less than 5 percent. The
owner or operator may establish a higher operating temperature,
nitrogen, or oxygen value at a particular well. A higher operating value
demonstration shall show supporting data that the elevated parameter
does not cause fires or significantly inhibit anaerobic decomposition by
killing methanogens.
(1) The nitrogen level shall be determined using Method 3C, unless
an alternative test method is established as allowed by
Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(i) of this subpart.
(2) Unless an alternative test method is established as allowed by
Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(i) of this subpart, the oxygen shall be determined by
an oxygen meter using Method 3A or 3C except that:
(i) The span shall be set so that the regulatory limit is between 20
and 50 percent of the span;
(ii) A data recorder is not required;
(iii) Only two calibration gases are required, a zero and span, and
ambient air may be used as the span;
(iv) A calibration error check is not required;
(v) The allowable sample bias, zero drift, and calibration drift are
[10 percent.
(d) Operate the collection system so that the methane concentration
is less than 500 parts per million above background at the surface of
the landfill. To determine if this level is exceeded, the owner or
operator shall conduct surface testing around the perimeter of the
collection area and along a pattern that traverses the landfill at 30
meter intervals and where visual observations indicate elevated
concentrations of landfill gas, such as distressed vegetation and cracks
or seeps in the cover. The owner or operator may establish an
alternative traversing pattern that ensures equivalent coverage. A
surface monitoring design plan shall be developed that includes a
topographical map with the monitoring route and the rationale for any
site-specific deviations from the 30 meter intervals. Areas with steep
slopes or other dangerous areas may be excluded from the surface
testing.
(e) Operate the system such that all collected gases are vented to a
control system designed and operated in compliance with
Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(iii). In the event the collection or control system is
inoperable, the gas mover system shall be shut down and all valves in
the collection and control system contributing to venting of the gas to
the atmosphere shall be closed within 1 hour; and
(f) Operate the control or treatment system at all times when the
collected gas is routed to the system.
[[Page 240]]
(g) If monitoring demonstrates that the operational requirements in
paragraphs (b), (c), or (d) of this section are not met, corrective
action shall be taken as specified in Sec. 60.755(a)(3) through (5) or
Sec. 60.755(c) of this subpart. If corrective actions are taken as
specified in Sec. 60.755, the monitored exceedance is not a violation of
the operational requirements in this section.
[61 FR 9919, Mar. 12, 1996, as amended at 63 FR 32751, June 16, 1998; 65
FR 61778, Oct. 17, 2000]
Sec. 60.754 Test methods and procedures.
(a)(1) The landfill owner or operator shall calculate the NMOC
emission rate using either the equation provided in paragraph (a)(1)(i)
of this section or the equation provided in paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this
section. Both equations may be used if the actual year-to-year solid
waste acceptance rate is known, as specified in paragraph (a)(1)(i), for
part of the life of the landfill and the actual year-to-year solid waste
acceptance rate is unknown, as specified in paragraph (a)(1)(ii), for
part of the life of the landfill. The values to be used in both
equations are 0.05 per year for k, 170 cubic meters per megagram for
LO, and 4,000 parts per million by volume as hexane for the
CNMOC. For landfills located in geographical areas with a
thirty year annual average precipitation of less than 25 inches, as
measured at the nearest representative official meteorologic site, the k
value to be used is 0.02 per year.
(i) The following equation shall be used if the actual year-to-year
solid waste acceptance rate is known.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12MR96.025
where,
MNMOC = Total NMOC emission rate from the landfill, megagrams
per year
k = methane generation rate constant, year-1
Lo = methane generation potential, cubic meters per megagram
solid waste
Mi = mass of solid waste in the ith section,
megagrams
ti = age of the ith section, years
CNMOC = concentration of NMOC, parts per million by volume as
hexane
3.6 x 10-9 = conversion factor
The mass of nondegradable solid waste may be subtracted from the
total mass of solid waste in a particular section of the landfill when
calculating the value for Mi if documentation of the nature
and amount of such wastes is maintained
(ii) The following equation shall be used if the actual year-to-year
solid waste acceptance rate is unknown.
MNMOC = 2Lo R (e-kc^e-kt)
CNMOC (3.6 x 10-9)
Where:
MNMOC = mass emission rate of NMOC, megagrams per year
Lo = methane generation potential, cubic meters per megagram
solid waste
R = average annual acceptance rate, megagrams per year
k = methane generation rate constant, year-1
t = age of landfill, years
CNMOC = concentration of NMOC, parts per million by volume as
hexane
c = time since closure, years; for active landfill c = O and
e-kc1
3.6 x 10-9 = conversion factor
The mass of nondegradable solid waste may be subtracted from the
total mass of solid waste in a particular section of the landfill when
calculating the value of R, if documentation of the nature and amount of
such wastes is maintained.
(2) Tier 1. The owner or operator shall compare the calculated NMOC
mass emission rate to the standard of 50 megagrams per year.
(i) If the NMOC emission rate calculated in paragraph (a)(1) of this
section is less than 50 megagrams per year, then the landfill owner
shall submit an emission rate report as provided in Sec. 60.757(b)(1),
and shall recalculate the NMOC mass emission rate annually as required
under Sec. 60.752(b)(1).
(ii) If the calculated NMOC emission rate is equal to or greater
than 50 megagrams per year, then the landfill
[[Page 241]]
owner shall either comply with Sec. 60.752(b)(2), or determine a site-
specific NMOC concentration and recalculate the NMOC emission rate using
the procedures provided in paragraph (a)(3) of this section.
(3) Tier 2. The landfill owner or operator shall determine the NMOC
concentration using the following sampling procedure. The landfill owner
or operator shall install at least two sample probes per hectare of
landfill surface that has retained waste for at least 2 years. If the
landfill is larger than 25 hectares in area, only 50 samples are
required. The sample probes should be located to avoid known areas of
nondegradable solid waste. The owner or operator shall collect and
analyze one sample of landfill gas from each probe to determine the NMOC
concentration using Method 25 or 25C of appendix A of this part. Method
18 of appendix A of this part may be used to analyze the samples
collected by the Method 25 or 25C sampling procedure. Taking composite
samples from different probes into a single cylinder is allowed;
however, equal sample volumes must be taken from each probe. For each
composite, the sampling rate, collection times, beginning and ending
cylinder vacuums, or alternative volume measurements must be recorded to
verify that composite volumes are equal. Composite sample volumes should
not be less than one liter unless evidence can be provided to
substantiate the accuracy of smaller volumes. Terminate compositing
before the cylinder approaches ambient pressure where measurement
accuracy diminishes. If using Method 18, the owner or operator must
identify all compounds in the sample and, as a minimum, test for those
compounds published in the most recent Compilation of Air Pollutant
Emission Factors (AP-42), minus carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and
mercury. As a minimum, the instrument must be calibrated for each of the
compounds on the list. Convert the concentration of each Method 18
compound to CNMOC as hexane by multiplying by the ratio of
its carbon atoms divided by six. If more than the required number of
samples are taken, all samples must be used in the analysis. The
landfill owner or operator must divide the NMOC concentration from
Method 25 or 25C of appendix A of this part by six to convert from
CNMOC as carbon to CNMOC as hexane. If the
landfill has an active or passive gas removal system in place, Method 25
or 25C samples may be collected from these systems instead of surface
probes provided the removal system can be shown to provide sampling as
representative as the two sampling probe per hectare requirement. For
active collection systems, samples may be collected from the common
header pipe before the gas moving or condensate removal equipment. For
these systems, a minimum of three samples must be collected from the
header pipe.
(i) The landfill owner or operator shall recalculate the NMOC mass
emission rate using the equations provided in paragraph (a)(1)(i) or
(a)(1)(ii) of this section and using the average NMOC concentration from
the collected samples instead of the default value in the equation
provided in paragraph (a)(1) of this section.
(ii) If the resulting mass emission rate calculated using the site-
specific NMOC concentration is equal to or greater than 50 megagrams per
year, then the landfill owner or operator shall either comply with
Sec. 60.752(b)(2), or determine the site-specific methane generation
rate constant and recalculate the NMOC emission rate using the site-
specific methane generation rate using the procedure specified in
paragraph (a)(4) of this section.
(iii) If the resulting NMOC mass emission rate is less than 50
megagrams per year, the owner or operator shall submit a periodic
estimate of the emission rate report as provided in Sec. 60.757(b)(1)
and retest the site-specific NMOC concentration every 5 years using the
methods specified in this section.
(4) Tier 3. The site-specific methane generation rate constant shall
be determined using the procedures provided in Method 2E of appendix A
of this part. The landfill owner or operator shall estimate the NMOC
mass emission rate using equations in paragraph (a)(1)(i) or (a)(1)(ii)
of this section and
[[Page 242]]
using a site-specific methane generation rate constant k, and the site-
specific NMOC concentration as determined in paragraph (a)(3) of this
section instead of the default values provided in paragraph (a)(1) of
this section. The landfill owner or operator shall compare the resulting
NMOC mass emission rate to the standard of 50 megagrams per year.
(i) If the NMOC mass emission rate as calculated using the site-
specific methane generation rate and concentration of NMOC is equal to
or greater than 50 megagrams per year, the owner or operator shall
comply with Sec. 60.752(b)(2).
(ii) If the NMOC mass emission rate is less than 50 megagrams per
year, then the owner or operator shall submit a periodic emission rate
report as provided in Sec. 60.757(b)(1) and shall recalculate the NMOC
mass emission rate annually, as provided in Sec. 60.757(b)(1) using the
equations in paragraph (a)(1) of this section and using the site-
specific methane generation rate constant and NMOC concentration
obtained in paragraph (a)(3) of this section. The calculation of the
methane generation rate constant is performed only once, and the value
obtained from this test shall be used in all subsequent annual NMOC
emission rate calculations.
(5) The owner or operator may use other methods to determine the
NMOC concentration or a site-specific k as an alternative to the methods
required in paragraphs (a)(3) and (a)(4) of this section if the method
has been approved by the Administrator.
(b) After the installation of a collection and control system in
compliance with Sec. 60.755, the owner or operator shall calculate the
NMOC emission rate for purposes of determining when the system can be
removed as provided in Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(v), using the following
equation:
MNMOC = 1.89 x 10-3 QLFG
CNMOC
where,
MNMOC = mass emission rate of NMOC, megagrams per year
QLFG = flow rate of landfill gas, cubic meters per minute
CNMOC = NMOC concentration, parts per million by volume as
hexane
(1) The flow rate of landfill gas, QLFG, shall be
determined by measuring the total landfill gas flow rate at the common
header pipe that leads to the control device using a gas flow measuring
device calibrated according to the provisions of section 4 of Method 2E
of appendix A of this part.
(2) The average NMOC concentration, CNMOC, shall be
determined by collecting and analyzing landfill gas sampled from the
common header pipe before the gas moving or condensate removal equipment
using the procedures in Method 25C or Method 18 of appendix A of this
part. If using Method 18 of appendix A of this part, the minimum list of
compounds to be tested shall be those published in the most recent
Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42). The sample
location on the common header pipe shall be before any condensate
removal or other gas refining units. The landfill owner or operator
shall divide the NMOC concentration from Method 25C of appendix A of
this part by six to convert from CNMOC as carbon to
CNMOC as hexane.
(3) The owner or operator may use another method to determine
landfill gas flow rate and NMOC concentration if the method has been
approved by the Administrator.
(c) When calculating emissions for PSD purposes, the owner or
operator of each MSW landfill subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall estimate the NMOC emission rate for comparison to the PSD major
source and significance levels in Secs. 51.166 or 52.21 of this chapter
using AP-42 or other approved measurement procedures.
(d) For the performance test required in Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(iii)(B),
Method 25, 25C, or Method 18 of appendix A of this part must be used to
determine compliance with the 98 weight-percent efficiency or the 20
ppmv outlet concentration level, unless another method to demonstrate
compliance has been approved by the Administrator as provided by
Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(i)(B). Method 3 or 3A shall be used to determine
oxygen for correcting the NMOC concentration as hexane to 3 percent. In
cases where the outlet concentration is less than 50 ppm NMOC as carbon
(8 ppm NMOC as hexane), Method 25A should be used in place of Method 25.
If using Method 18
[[Page 243]]
of appendix A of this part, the minimum list of compounds to be tested
shall be those published in the most recent Compilation of Air Pollutant
Emission Factors (AP-42). The following equation shall be used to
calculate efficiency:
Control Efficiency = (NMOCin ^ NMOCout)/
(NMOCin)
where,
NMOCin = mass of NMOC entering control device
NMOCout = mass of NMOC exiting control device
(e) For the performance test required in Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(iii)(A),
the net heating value of the combusted landfill gas as determined in
Sec. 60.18(f)(3) is calculated from the concentration of methane in the
landfill gas as measured by Method 3C. A minimum of three 30-minute
Method 3C samples are determined. The measurement of other organic
components, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide is not applicable. Method 3C
may be used to determine the landfill gas molecular weight for
calculating the flare gas exit velocity under Sec. 60.18(f)(4).
[61 FR 9919, Mar. 12, 1996, as amended at 63 FR 32751, June 16, 1998; 65
FR 18908, Apr. 10, 2000; 65 FR 61778, Oct. 17, 2000; 71 FR 55127, Sept.
21, 2006]
Sec. 60.755 Compliance provisions.
(a) Except as provided in Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(i)(B), the specified
methods in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(6) of this section shall be
used to determine whether the gas collection system is in compliance
with Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(ii).
(1) For the purposes of calculating the maximum expected gas
generation flow rate from the landfill to determine compliance with
Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(ii)(A)(1), one of the following equations shall be
used. The k and Lo kinetic factors should be those published
in the most recent Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42)
or other site specific values demonstrated to be appropriate and
approved by the Administrator. If k has been determined as specified in
Sec. 60.754(a)(4), the value of k determined from the test shall be
used. A value of no more than 15 years shall be used for the intended
use period of the gas mover equipment. The active life of the landfill
is the age of the landfill plus the estimated number of years until
closure.
(i) For sites with unknown year-to-year solid waste acceptance rate:
Qm = 2Lo R (e-kc ^ e-kt)
where,
Qm = maximum expected gas generation flow rate, cubic meters
per year
Lo = methane generation potential, cubic meters per megagram
solid waste
R = average annual acceptance rate, megagrams per year
k = methane generation rate constant, year-1
t = age of the landfill at equipment installation plus the time the
owner or operator intends to use the gas mover equipment or
active life of the landfill, whichever is less. If the
equipment is installed after closure, t is the age of the
landfill at installation, years
c = time since closure, years (for an active landfill c = O and
e-kc = 1)
(ii) For sites with known year-to-year solid waste acceptance rate:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12MR96.026
where,
QM = maximum expected gas generation flow rate, cubic meters
per year
k = methane generation rate constant, year-1
Lo = methane generation potential, cubic meters per megagram
solid waste
Mi = mass of solid waste in the ith section,
megagrams
ti = age of the ith section, years
(iii) If a collection and control system has been installed, actual
flow data may be used to project the maximum expected gas generation
flow rate instead of, or in conjunction with, the equations in
paragraphs (a)(1) (i) and (ii) of this section. If the landfill is still
accepting waste, the actual measured flow data will not equal the
maximum expected gas generation rate, so calculations using the
equations in paragraphs (a)(1) (i) or (ii) or other methods shall be
used to predict the maximum expected gas generation rate over the
intended period of use of the gas control system equipment.
(2) For the purposes of determining sufficient density of gas
collectors for
[[Page 244]]
compliance with Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(ii)(A)(2), the owner or operator shall
design a system of vertical wells, horizontal collectors, or other
collection devices, satisfactory to the Administrator, capable of
controlling and extracting gas from all portions of the landfill
sufficient to meet all operational and performance standards.
(3) For the purpose of demonstrating whether the gas collection
system flow rate is sufficient to determine compliance with
Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(ii)(A)(3), the owner or operator shall measure gauge
pressure in the gas collection header at each individual well, monthly.
If a positive pressure exists, action shall be initiated to correct the
exceedance within 5 calendar days, except for the three conditions
allowed under Sec. 60.753(b). If negative pressure cannot be achieved
without excess air infiltration within 15 calendar days of the first
measurement, the gas collection system shall be expanded to correct the
exceedance within 120 days of the initial measurement of positive
pressure. Any attempted corrective measure shall not cause exceedances
of other operational or performance standards. An alternative timeline
for correcting the exceedance may be submitted to the Administrator for
approval.
(4) Owners or operators are not required to expand the system as
required in paragraph (a)(3) of this section during the first 180 days
after gas collection system startup.
(5) For the purpose of identifying whether excess air infiltration
into the landfill is occurring, the owner or operator shall monitor each
well monthly for temperature and nitrogen or oxygen as provided in
Sec. 60.753(c). If a well exceeds one of these operating parameters,
action shall be initiated to correct the exceedance within 5 calendar
days. If correction of the exceedance cannot be achieved within 15
calendar days of the first measurement, the gas collection system shall
be expanded to correct the exceedance within 120 days of the initial
exceedance. Any attempted corrective measure shall not cause exceedances
of other operational or performance standards. An alternative timeline
for correcting the exceedance may be submitted to the Administrator for
approval.
(6) An owner or operator seeking to demonstrate compliance with
Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(ii)(A)(4) through the use of a collection system not
conforming to the specifications provided in Sec. 60.759 shall provide
information satisfactory to the Administrator as specified in
Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(i)(C) demonstrating that off-site migration is being
controlled.
(b) For purposes of compliance with Sec. 60.753(a), each owner or
operator of a controlled landfill shall place each well or design
component as specified in the approved design plan as provided in
Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(i). Each well shall be installed no later than 60 days
after the date on which the initial solid waste has been in place for a
period of:
(1) 5 years or more if active; or
(2) 2 years or more if closed or at final grade.
(c) The following procedures shall be used for compliance with the
surface methane operational standard as provided in Sec. 60.753(d).
(1) After installation of the collection system, the owner or
operator shall monitor surface concentrations of methane along the
entire perimeter of the collection area and along a pattern that
traverses the landfill at 30 meter intervals (or a site-specific
established spacing) for each collection area on a quarterly basis using
an organic vapor analyzer, flame ionization detector, or other portable
monitor meeting the specifications provided in paragraph (d) of this
section.
(2) The background concentration shall be determined by moving the
probe inlet upwind and downwind outside the boundary of the landfill at
a distance of at least 30 meters from the perimeter wells.
(3) Surface emission monitoring shall be performed in accordance
with section 4.3.1 of Method 21 of appendix A of this part, except that
the probe inlet shall be placed within 5 to 10 centimeters of the
ground. Monitoring shall be performed during typical meteorological
conditions.
(4) Any reading of 500 parts per million or more above background at
any location shall be recorded as a monitored exceedance and the actions
specified in paragraphs (c)(4) (i) through (v) of this section shall be
taken. As long as the specified actions are taken, the
[[Page 245]]
exceedance is not a violation of the operational requirements of
Sec. 60.753(d).
(i) The location of each monitored exceedance shall be marked and
the location recorded.
(ii) Cover maintenance or adjustments to the vacuum of the adjacent
wells to increase the gas collection in the vicinity of each exceedance
shall be made and the location shall be re-monitored within 10 calendar
days of detecting the exceedance.
(iii) If the re-monitoring of the location shows a second
exceedance, additional corrective action shall be taken and the location
shall be monitored again within 10 days of the second exceedance. If the
re-monitoring shows a third exceedance for the same location, the action
specified in paragraph (c)(4)(v) of this section shall be taken, and no
further monitoring of that location is required until the action
specified in paragraph (c)(4)(v) has been taken.
(iv) Any location that initially showed an exceedance but has a
methane concentration less than 500 ppm methane above background at the
10-day re-monitoring specified in paragraph (c)(4) (ii) or (iii) of this
section shall be re-monitored 1 month from the initial exceedance. If
the 1-month remonitoring shows a concentration less than 500 parts per
million above background, no further monitoring of that location is
required until the next quarterly monitoring period. If the 1-month
remonitoring shows an exceedance, the actions specified in paragraph
(c)(4) (iii) or (v) shall be taken.
(v) For any location where monitored methane concentration equals or
exceeds 500 parts per million above background three times within a
quarterly period, a new well or other collection device shall be
installed within 120 calendar days of the initial exceedance. An
alternative remedy to the exceedance, such as upgrading the blower,
header pipes or control device, and a corresponding timeline for
installation may be submitted to the Administrator for approval.
(5) The owner or operator shall implement a program to monitor for
cover integrity and implement cover repairs as necessary on a monthly
basis.
(d) Each owner or operator seeking to comply with the provisions in
paragraph (c) of this section shall comply with the following
instrumentation specifications and procedures for surface emission
monitoring devices:
(1) The portable analyzer shall meet the instrument specifications
provided in section 3 of Method 21 of appendix A of this part, except
that ``methane'' shall replace all references to VOC.
(2) The calibration gas shall be methane, diluted to a nominal
concentration of 500 parts per million in air.
(3) To meet the performance evaluation requirements in section 3.1.3
of Method 21 of appendix A of this part, the instrument evaluation
procedures of section 4.4 of Method 21 of appendix A of this part shall
be used.
(4) The calibration procedures provided in section 4.2 of Method 21
of appendix A of this part shall be followed immediately before
commencing a surface monitoring survey.
(e) The provisions of this subpart apply at all times, except during
periods of start-up, shutdown, or malfunction, provided that the
duration of start-up, shutdown, or malfunction shall not exceed 5 days
for collection systems and shall not exceed 1 hour for treatment or
control devices.
[61 FR 9919, Mar. 12, 1996, as amended at 63 FR 32752, June 16, 1998]
Sec. 60.756 Monitoring of operations.
Except as provided in Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(i)(B),
(a) Each owner or operator seeking to comply with
Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(ii)(A) for an active gas collection system shall
install a sampling port and a thermometer, other temperature measuring
device, or an access port for temperature measurements at each wellhead
and:
(1) Measure the gauge pressure in the gas collection header on a
monthly basis as provided in Sec. 60.755(a)(3); and
(2) Monitor nitrogen or oxygen concentration in the landfill gas on
a monthly basis as provided in Sec. 60.755(a)(5); and
(3) Monitor temperature of the landfill gas on a monthly basis as
provided in Sec. 60.755(a)(5).
(b) Each owner or operator seeking to comply with
Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(iii) using an enclosed combustor shall calibrate,
[[Page 246]]
maintain, and operate according to the manufacturer's specifications,
the following equipment.
(1) A temperature monitoring device equipped with a continuous
recorder and having a minimum accuracy of [1 percent of the temperature
being measured expressed in degrees Celsius or [0.5 degrees Celsius,
whichever is greater. A temperature monitoring device is not required
for boilers or process heaters with design heat input capacity equal to
or greater than 44 megawatts.
(2) A device that records flow to or bypass of the control device.
The owner or operator shall either:
(i) Install, calibrate, and maintain a gas flow rate measuring
device that shall record the flow to the control device at least every
15 minutes; or
(ii) Secure the bypass line valve in the closed position with a car-
seal or a lock-and-key type configuration. A visual inspection of the
seal or closure mechanism shall be performed at least once every month
to ensure that the valve is maintained in the closed position and that
the gas flow is not diverted through the bypass line.
(c) Each owner or operator seeking to comply with
Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(iii) using an open flare shall install, calibrate,
maintain, and operate according to the manufacturer's specifications the
following equipment:
(1) A heat sensing device, such as an ultraviolet beam sensor or
thermocouple, at the pilot light or the flame itself to indicate the
continuous presence of a flame.
(2) A device that records flow to or bypass of the flare. The owner
or operator shall either:
(i) Install, calibrate, and maintain a gas flow rate measuring
device that shall record the flow to the control device at least every
15 minutes; or
(ii) Secure the bypass line valve in the closed position with a car-
seal or a lock-and-key type configuration. A visual inspection of the
seal or closure mechanism shall be performed at least once every month
to ensure that the valve is maintained in the closed position and that
the gas flow is not diverted through the bypass line.
(d) Each owner or operator seeking to demonstrate compliance with
Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(iii) using a device other than an open flare or an
enclosed combustor shall provide information satisfactory to the
Administrator as provided in Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(i)(B) describing the
operation of the control device, the operating parameters that would
indicate proper performance, and appropriate monitoring procedures. The
Administrator shall review the information and either approve it, or
request that additional information be submitted. The Administrator may
specify additional appropriate monitoring procedures.
(e) Each owner or operator seeking to install a collection system
that does not meet the specifications in Sec. 60.759 or seeking to
monitor alternative parameters to those required by Sec. 60.753 through
Sec. 60.756 shall provide information satisfactory to the Administrator
as provided in Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(i) (B) and (C) describing the design
and operation of the collection system, the operating parameters that
would indicate proper performance, and appropriate monitoring
procedures. The Administrator may specify additional appropriate
monitoring procedures.
(f) Each owner or operator seeking to demonstrate compliance with
Sec. 60.755(c), shall monitor surface concentrations of methane
according to the instrument specifications and procedures provided in
Sec. 60.755(d). Any closed landfill that has no monitored exceedances of
the operational standard in three consecutive quarterly monitoring
periods may skip to annual monitoring. Any methane reading of 500 ppm or
more above background detected during the annual monitoring returns the
frequency for that landfill to quarterly monitoring.
[61 FR 9919, Mar. 12, 1996, as amended at 63 FR 32752, June 16, 1998; 65
FR 18909, Apr. 10, 2000]
Sec. 60.757 Reporting requirements.
Except as provided in Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(i)(B),
(a) Each owner or operator subject to the requirements of this
subpart shall submit an initial design capacity report to the
Administrator.
(1) The initial design capacity report shall fulfill the
requirements of the notification of the date construction is
[[Page 247]]
commenced as required by Sec. 60.7(a)(1) and shall be submitted no later
than:
(i) June 10, 1996, for landfills that commenced construction,
modification, or reconstruction on or after May 30, 1991 but before
March 12, 1996 or
(ii) Ninety days after the date of commenced construction,
modification, or reconstruction for landfills that commence
construction, modification, or reconstruction on or after March 12,
1996.
(2) The initial design capacity report shall contain the following
information:
(i) A map or plot of the landfill, providing the size and location
of the landfill, and identifying all areas where solid waste may be
landfilled according to the permit issued by the State, local, or tribal
agency responsible for regulating the landfill.
(ii) The maximum design capacity of the landfill. Where the maximum
design capacity is specified in the permit issued by the State, local,
or tribal agency responsible for regulating the landfill, a copy of the
permit specifying the maximum design capacity may be submitted as part
of the report. If the maximum design capacity of the landfill is not
specified in the permit, the maximum design capacity shall be calculated
using good engineering practices. The calculations shall be provided,
along with the relevant parameters as part of the report. The State,
Tribal, local agency or Administrator may request other reasonable
information as may be necessary to verify the maximum design capacity of
the landfill.
(3) An amended design capacity report shall be submitted to the
Administrator providing notification of an increase in the design
capacity of the landfill, within 90 days of an increase in the maximum
design capacity of the landfill to or above 2.5 million megagrams and
2.5 million cubic meters. This increase in design capacity may result
from an increase in the permitted volume of the landfill or an increase
in the density as documented in the annual recalculation required in
Sec. 60.758(f).
(b) Each owner or operator subject to the requirements of this
subpart shall submit an NMOC emission rate report to the Administrator
initially and annually thereafter, except as provided for in paragraphs
(b)(1)(ii) or (b)(3) of this section. The Administrator may request such
additional information as may be necessary to verify the reported NMOC
emission rate.
(1) The NMOC emission rate report shall contain an annual or 5-year
estimate of the NMOC emission rate calculated using the formula and
procedures provided in Sec. 60.754(a) or (b), as applicable.
(i) The initial NMOC emission rate report may be combined with the
initial design capacity report required in paragraph (a) of this section
and shall be submitted no later than indicated in paragraphs
(b)(1)(i)(A) and (B) of this section. Subsequent NMOC emission rate
reports shall be submitted annually thereafter, except as provided for
in paragraphs (b)(1)(ii) and (b)(3) of this section.
(A) June 10, 1996, for landfills that commenced construction,
modification, or reconstruction on or after May 30, 1991, but before
March 12, 1996, or
(B) Ninety days after the date of commenced construction,
modification, or reconstruction for landfills that commence
construction, modification, or reconstruction on or after March 12,
1996.
(ii) If the estimated NMOC emission rate as reported in the annual
report to the Administrator is less than 50 megagrams per year in each
of the next 5 consecutive years, the owner or operator may elect to
submit an estimate of the NMOC emission rate for the next 5-year period
in lieu of the annual report. This estimate shall include the current
amount of solid waste-in-place and the estimated waste acceptance rate
for each year of the 5 years for which an NMOC emission rate is
estimated. All data and calculations upon which this estimate is based
shall be provided to the Administrator. This estimate shall be revised
at least once every 5 years. If the actual waste acceptance rate exceeds
the estimated waste acceptance rate in any year reported in the 5-year
estimate, a revised 5-year estimate shall be submitted to
[[Page 248]]
the Administrator. The revised estimate shall cover the 5-year period
beginning with the year in which the actual waste acceptance rate
exceeded the estimated waste acceptance rate.
(2) The NMOC emission rate report shall include all the data,
calculations, sample reports and measurements used to estimate the
annual or 5-year emissions.
(3) Each owner or operator subject to the requirements of this
subpart is exempted from the requirements of paragraphs (b)(1) and (2)
of this section, after the installation of a collection and control
system in compliance with Sec. 60.752(b)(2), during such time as the
collection and control system is in operation and in compliance with
Secs. 60.753 and 60.755.
(c) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of
Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(i) shall submit a collection and control system design
plan to the Administrator within 1 year of the first report required
under paragraph (b) of this section in which the emission rate equals or
exceeds 50 megagrams per year, except as follows:
(1) If the owner or operator elects to recalculate the NMOC emission
rate after Tier 2 NMOC sampling and analysis as provided in
Sec. 60.754(a)(3) and the resulting rate is less than 50 megagrams per
year, annual periodic reporting shall be resumed, using the Tier 2
determined site-specific NMOC concentration, until the calculated
emission rate is equal to or greater than 50 megagrams per year or the
landfill is closed. The revised NMOC emission rate report, with the
recalculated emission rate based on NMOC sampling and analysis, shall be
submitted within 180 days of the first calculated exceedance of 50
megagrams per year.
(2) If the owner or operator elects to recalculate the NMOC emission
rate after determining a site-specific methane generation rate constant
(k), as provided in Tier 3 in Sec. 60.754(a)(4), and the resulting NMOC
emission rate is less than 50 Mg/yr, annual periodic reporting shall be
resumed. The resulting site-specific methane generation rate constant
(k) shall be used in the emission rate calculation until such time as
the emissions rate calculation results in an exceedance. The revised
NMOC emission rate report based on the provisions of Sec. 60.754(a)(4)
and the resulting site-specific methane generation rate constant (k)
shall be submitted to the Administrator within 1 year of the first
calculated emission rate exceeding 50 megagrams per year.
(d) Each owner or operator of a controlled landfill shall submit a
closure report to the Administrator within 30 days of waste acceptance
cessation. The Administrator may request additional information as may
be necessary to verify that permanent closure has taken place in
accordance with the requirements of 40 CFR 258.60. If a closure report
has been submitted to the Administrator, no additional wastes may be
placed into the landfill without filing a notification of modification
as described under Sec. 60.7(a)(4).
(e) Each owner or operator of a controlled landfill shall submit an
equipment removal report to the Administrator 30 days prior to removal
or cessation of operation of the control equipment.
(1) The equipment removal report shall contain all of the following
items:
(i) A copy of the closure report submitted in accordance with
paragraph (d) of this section;
(ii) A copy of the initial performance test report demonstrating
that the 15 year minimum control period has expired; and
(iii) Dated copies of three successive NMOC emission rate reports
demonstrating that the landfill is no longer producing 50 megagrams or
greater of NMOC per year.
(2) The Administrator may request such additional information as may
be necessary to verify that all of the conditions for removal in
Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(v) have been met.
(f) Each owner or operator of a landfill seeking to comply with
Sec. 60.752(b)(2) using an active collection system designed in
accordance with Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(ii) shall submit to the Administrator
annual reports of the recorded information in (f)(1) through (f)(6) of
this paragraph. The initial annual report shall be submitted within 180
days of installation and start-up of the collection and control system,
and shall include the initial performance
[[Page 249]]
test report required under Sec. 60.8. For enclosed combustion devices
and flares, reportable exceedances are defined under Sec. 60.758(c).
(1) Value and length of time for exceedance of applicable parameters
monitored under Sec. 60.756(a), (b), (c), and (d).
(2) Description and duration of all periods when the gas stream is
diverted from the control device through a bypass line or the indication
of bypass flow as specified under Sec. 60.756.
(3) Description and duration of all periods when the control device
was not operating for a period exceeding 1 hour and length of time the
control device was not operating.
(4) All periods when the collection system was not operating in
excess of 5 days.
(5) The location of each exceedance of the 500 parts per million
methane concentration as provided in Sec. 60.753(d) and the
concentration recorded at each location for which an exceedance was
recorded in the previous month.
(6) The date of installation and the location of each well or
collection system expansion added pursuant to paragraphs (a)(3), (b),
and (c)(4) of Sec. 60.755.
(g) Each owner or operator seeking to comply with
Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(iii) shall include the following information with the
initial performance test report required under Sec. 60.8:
(1) A diagram of the collection system showing collection system
positioning including all wells, horizontal collectors, surface
collectors, or other gas extraction devices, including the locations of
any areas excluded from collection and the proposed sites for the future
collection system expansion;
(2) The data upon which the sufficient density of wells, horizontal
collectors, surface collectors, or other gas extraction devices and the
gas mover equipment sizing are based;
(3) The documentation of the presence of asbestos or nondegradable
material for each area from which collection wells have been excluded
based on the presence of asbestos or nondegradable material;
(4) The sum of the gas generation flow rates for all areas from
which collection wells have been excluded based on nonproductivity and
the calculations of gas generation flow rate for each excluded area; and
(5) The provisions for increasing gas mover equipment capacity with
increased gas generation flow rate, if the present gas mover equipment
is inadequate to move the maximum flow rate expected over the life of
the landfill; and
(6) The provisions for the control of off-site migration.
[61 FR 9919, Mar. 12, 1996, as amended at 63 FR 32752, June 16, 1998; 65
FR 18909, Apr. 10, 2000]
Sec. 60.758 Recordkeeping requirements.
(a) Except as provided in Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(i)(B), each owner or
operator of an MSW landfill subject to the provisions of Sec. 60.752(b)
shall keep for at least 5 years up-to-date, readily accessible, on-site
records of the design capacity report which triggered Sec. 60.752(b),
the current amount of solid waste in-place, and the year-by-year waste
acceptance rate. Off-site records may be maintained if they are
retrievable within 4 hours. Either paper copy or electronic formats are
acceptable.
(b) Except as provided in Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(i)(B), each owner or
operator of a controlled landfill shall keep up-to-date, readily
accessible records for the life of the control equipment of the data
listed in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(4) of this section as measured
during the initial performance test or compliance determination. Records
of subsequent tests or monitoring shall be maintained for a minimum of 5
years. Records of the control device vendor specifications shall be
maintained until removal.
(1) Where an owner or operator subject to the provisions of this
subpart seeks to demonstrate compliance with Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(ii):
(i) The maximum expected gas generation flow rate as calculated in
Sec. 60.755(a)(1). The owner or operator may use another method to
determine the maximum gas generation flow rate, if the method has been
approved by the Administrator.
(ii) The density of wells, horizontal collectors, surface
collectors, or other gas extraction devices determined using the
procedures specified in Sec. 60.759(a)(1).
[[Page 250]]
(2) Where an owner or operator subject to the provisions of this
subpart seeks to demonstrate compliance with Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(iii)
through use of an enclosed combustion device other than a boiler or
process heater with a design heat input capacity equal to or greater
than 44 megawatts:
(i) The average combustion temperature measured at least every 15
minutes and averaged over the same time period of the performance test.
(ii) The percent reduction of NMOC determined as specified in
Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(iii)(B) achieved by the control device.
(3) Where an owner or operator subject to the provisions of this
subpart seeks to demonstrate compliance with
Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(iii)(B)(1) through use of a boiler or process heater
of any size: a description of the location at which the collected gas
vent stream is introduced into the boiler or process heater over the
same time period of the performance testing.
(4) Where an owner or operator subject to the provisions of this
subpart seeks to demonstrate compliance with Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(iii)(A)
through use of an open flare, the flare type (i.e., steam-assisted, air-
assisted, or nonassisted), all visible emission readings, heat content
determination, flow rate or bypass flow rate measurements, and exit
velocity determinations made during the performance test as specified in
Sec. 60.18; continuous records of the flare pilot flame or flare flame
monitoring and records of all periods of operations during which the
pilot flame of the flare flame is absent.
(c) Except as provided in Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(i)(B), each owner or
operator of a controlled landfill subject to the provisions of this
subpart shall keep for 5 years up-to-date, readily accessible continuous
records of the equipment operating parameters specified to be monitored
in Sec. 60.756 as well as up-to-date, readily accessible records for
periods of operation during which the parameter boundaries established
during the most recent performance test are exceeded.
(1) The following constitute exceedances that shall be recorded and
reported under Sec. 60.757(f):
(i) For enclosed combustors except for boilers and process heaters
with design heat input capacity of 44 megawatts (150 million British
thermal unit per hour) or greater, all 3-hour periods of operation
during which the average combustion temperature was more than 28 oC
below the average combustion temperature during the most recent
performance test at which compliance with Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(iii) was
determined.
(ii) For boilers or process heaters, whenever there is a change in
the location at which the vent stream is introduced into the flame zone
as required under paragraph (b)(3) of this section.
(2) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall keep up-to-date, readily accessible continuous records of the
indication of flow to the control device or the indication of bypass
flow or records of monthly inspections of car-seals or lock-and-key
configurations used to seal bypass lines, specified under Sec. 60.756.
(3) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
who uses a boiler or process heater with a design heat input capacity of
44 megawatts or greater to comply with Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(iii) shall keep
an up-to-date, readily accessible record of all periods of operation of
the boiler or process heater. (Examples of such records could include
records of steam use, fuel use, or monitoring data collected pursuant to
other State, local, Tribal, or Federal regulatory requirements.)
(4) Each owner or operator seeking to comply with the provisions of
this subpart by use of an open flare shall keep up-to-date, readily
accessible continuous records of the flame or flare pilot flame
monitoring specified under Sec. 60.756(c), and up-to-date, readily
accessible records of all periods of operation in which the flame or
flare pilot flame is absent.
(d) Except as provided in Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(i)(B), each owner or
operator subject to the provisions of this subpart shall keep for the
life of the collection system an up-to-date, readily accessible plot map
showing each existing and planned collector in the
[[Page 251]]
system and providing a unique identification location label for each
collector.
(1) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall keep up-to-date, readily accessible records of the installation
date and location of all newly installed collectors as specified under
Sec. 60.755(b).
(2) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart
shall keep readily accessible documentation of the nature, date of
deposition, amount, and location of asbestos-containing or nondegradable
waste excluded from collection as provided in Sec. 60.759(a)(3)(i) as
well as any nonproductive areas excluded from collection as provided in
Sec. 60.759(a)(3)(ii).
(e) Except as provided in Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(i)(B), each owner or
operator subject to the provisions of this subpart shall keep for at
least 5 years up-to-date, readily accessible records of all collection
and control system exceedances of the operational standards in
Sec. 60.753, the reading in the subsequent month whether or not the
second reading is an exceedance, and the location of each exceedance.
(f) Landfill owners or operators who convert design capacity from
volume to mass or mass to volume to demonstrate that landfill design
capacity is less than 2.5 million megagrams or 2.5 million cubic meters,
as provided in the definition of ``design capacity'', shall keep readily
accessible, on-site records of the annual recalculation of site-specific
density, design capacity, and the supporting documentation. Off-site
records may be maintained if they are retrievable within 4 hours. Either
paper copy or electronic formats are acceptable.
[61 FR 9919, Mar. 12, 1996, as amended at 63 FR 32752, June 16, 1998; 65
FR 18909, Apr. 10, 2000]
Sec. 60.759 Specifications for active collection systems.
(a) Each owner or operator seeking to comply with
Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(i) shall site active collection wells, horizontal
collectors, surface collectors, or other extraction devices at a
sufficient density throughout all gas producing areas using the
following procedures unless alternative procedures have been approved by
the Administrator as provided in Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(i)(C) and (D):
(1) The collection devices within the interior and along the
perimeter areas shall be certified to achieve comprehensive control of
surface gas emissions by a professional engineer. The following issues
shall be addressed in the design: depths of refuse, refuse gas
generation rates and flow characteristics, cover properties, gas system
expandibility, leachate and condensate management, accessibility,
compatibility with filling operations, integration with closure end use,
air intrusion control, corrosion resistance, fill settlement, and
resistance to the refuse decomposition heat.
(2) The sufficient density of gas collection devices determined in
paragraph (a)(1) of this section shall address landfill gas migration
issues and augmentation of the collection system through the use of
active or passive systems at the landfill perimeter or exterior.
(3) The placement of gas collection devices determined in paragraph
(a)(1) of this section shall control all gas producing areas, except as
provided by paragraphs (a)(3)(i) and (a)(3)(ii) of this section.
(i) Any segregated area of asbestos or nondegradable material may be
excluded from collection if documented as provided under Sec. 60.758(d).
The documentation shall provide the nature, date of deposition, location
and amount of asbestos or nondegradable material deposited in the area,
and shall be provided to the Administrator upon request.
(ii) Any nonproductive area of the landfill may be excluded from
control, provided that the total of all excluded areas can be shown to
contribute less than 1 percent of the total amount of NMOC emissions
from the landfill. The amount, location, and age of the material shall
be documented and provided to the Administrator upon request. A separate
NMOC emissions estimate shall be made for each section proposed for
exclusion, and the sum of all such sections shall be compared to the
NMOC emissions estimate for the entire landfill. Emissions from each
section shall be computed using the following equation:
[[Page 252]]
Qi = 2 k Lo Mi (e-kt i)
(CNMOC) (3.6 x 10-9)
where,
Qi = NMOC emission rate from the ith section,
megagrams per year
k = methane generation rate constant, year-1
Lo = methane generation potential, cubic meters per megagram
solid waste
Mi = mass of the degradable solid waste in the ith
section, megagram
ti = age of the solid waste in the ith section,
years
CNMOC = concentration of nonmethane organic compounds, parts
per million by volume
3.6 x 10-9 = conversion factor
(iii) The values for k and CNMOC determined in field
testing shall be used if field testing has been performed in determining
the NMOC emission rate or the radii of influence (this distance from the
well center to a point in the landfill where the pressure gradient
applied by the blower or compressor approaches zero). If field testing
has not been performed, the default values for k, LO and
CNMOC provided in Sec. 60.754(a)(1) or the alternative values
from Sec. 60.754(a)(5) shall be used. The mass of nondegradable solid
waste contained within the given section may be subtracted from the
total mass of the section when estimating emissions provided the nature,
location, age, and amount of the nondegradable material is documented as
provided in paragraph (a)(3)(i) of this section.
(b) Each owner or operator seeking to comply with
Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(i)(A) shall construct the gas collection devices using
the following equipment or procedures:
(1) The landfill gas extraction components shall be constructed of
polyvinyl chloride (PVC), high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe,
fiberglass, stainless steel, or other nonporous corrosion resistant
material of suitable dimensions to: convey projected amounts of gases;
withstand installation, static, and settlement forces; and withstand
planned overburden or traffic loads. The collection system shall extend
as necessary to comply with emission and migration standards. Collection
devices such as wells and horizontal collectors shall be perforated to
allow gas entry without head loss sufficient to impair performance
across the intended extent of control. Perforations shall be situated
with regard to the need to prevent excessive air infiltration.
(2) Vertical wells shall be placed so as not to endanger underlying
liners and shall address the occurrence of water within the landfill.
Holes and trenches constructed for piped wells and horizontal collectors
shall be of sufficient cross-section so as to allow for their proper
construction and completion including, for example, centering of pipes
and placement of gravel backfill. Collection devices shall be designed
so as not to allow indirect short circuiting of air into the cover or
refuse into the collection system or gas into the air. Any gravel used
around pipe perforations should be of a dimension so as not to penetrate
or block perforations.
(3) Collection devices may be connected to the collection header
pipes below or above the landfill surface. The connector assembly shall
include a positive closing throttle valve, any necessary seals and
couplings, access couplings and at least one sampling port. The
collection devices shall be constructed of PVC, HDPE, fiberglass,
stainless steel, or other nonporous material of suitable thickness.
(c) Each owner or operator seeking to comply with
Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(i)(A) shall convey the landfill gas to a control
system in compliance with Sec. 60.752(b)(2)(iii) through the collection
header pipe(s). The gas mover equipment shall be sized to handle the
maximum gas generation flow rate expected over the intended use period
of the gas moving equipment using the following procedures:
(1) For existing collection systems, the flow data shall be used to
project the maximum flow rate. If no flow data exists, the procedures in
paragraph (c)(2) of this section shall be used.
(2) For new collection systems, the maximum flow rate shall be in
accordance with Sec. 60.755(a)(1).
[61 FR 9919, Mar. 12, 1996, as amended at 63 FR 32753, June 16, 1998; 64
FR 9262, Feb. 24, 1999; 65 FR 18909, Apr. 10, 2000]
[[Page 253]]
Subpart AAAA_Standards of Performance for Small Municipal Waste
Combustion Units for Which Construction is Commenced After August 30,
1999 or for Which Modification or Reconstruction is Commenced After June
6, 2001
Source: 65 FR 76355, Dec. 6, 2000, unless otherwise noted.
Introduction
Sec. 60.1000 What does this subpart do?
This subpart establishes new source performance standards for new
small municipal waste combustion units.
Sec. 60.1005 When does this subpart become effective?
This subpart takes effect June 6, 2001. Some of the requirements in
this subpart apply to municipal waste combustion unit planning and must
be completed before construction is commenced on the municipal waste
combustion unit. In particular, the preconstruction requirements in
Secs. 60.1050 through 60.1150 must be completed prior to commencing
construction. Other requirements (such as the emission limits) apply
when the municipal waste combustion unit begins operation.
Applicability
Sec. 60.1010 Does this subpart apply to my municipal waste combustion
unit?
Yes, if your municipal waste combustion unit meets two criteria:
(a) Your municipal waste combustion unit is a new municipal waste
combustion unit.
(b) Your municipal waste combustion unit has the capacity to combust
at least 35 tons per day but no more than 250 tons per day of municipal
solid waste or refuse-derived fuel.
Sec. 60.1015 What is a new municipal waste combustion unit?
(a) A new municipal waste combustion unit is a municipal waste
combustion unit that meets either of two criteria:
(1) Commenced construction after August 30, 1999.
(2) Commenced reconstruction or modification after June 6, 2001.
(b) This subpart does not apply to your municipal waste combustion
unit if you make physical or operational changes to an existing
municipal waste combustion unit primarily to comply with the emission
guidelines in subpart BBBB of this part. Such changes do not qualify as
reconstruction or modification under this subpart.
Sec. 60.1020 Does this subpart allow any exemptions?
(a) Small municipal waste combustion units that combust less than 11
tons per day. You are exempt from this subpart if you meet four
requirements:
(1) Your municipal waste combustion unit is subject to a federally
enforceable permit limiting the amount of municipal solid waste
combusted to less than 11 tons per day.
(2) You notify the Administrator that the unit qualifies for the
exemption.
(3) You provide the Administrator with a copy of the federally
enforceable permit.
(4) You keep daily records of the amount of municipal solid waste
combusted.
(b) Small power production facilities. You are exempt from this
subpart if you meet four requirements:
(1) Your unit qualifies as a small power production facility under
section 3(17)(C) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 796(17)(C)).
(2) Your unit combusts homogeneous waste (excluding refuse-derived
fuel) to produce electricity.
(3) You notify the Administrator that the unit qualifies for the
exemption.
(4) You provide the Administrator with documentation that the unit
qualifies for the exemption.
(c) Cogeneration facilities. You are exempt from this subpart if you
meet four requirements:
(1) Your unit qualifies as a cogeneration facility under section
3(18)(B) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 796(18)(B)).
(2) Your unit combusts homogeneous waste (excluding refuse-derived
fuel) to produce electricity and steam or other forms of energy used for
industrial,
[[Page 254]]
commercial, heating, or cooling purposes.
(3) You notify the Administrator that the unit qualifies for the
exemption.
(4) You provide the Administrator with documentation that the unit
qualifies for the exemption.
(d) Municipal waste combustion units that combust only tires. You
are exempt from this subpart if you meet three requirements:
(1) Your municipal waste combustion unit combusts a single-item
waste stream of tires and no other municipal waste (the unit can co-fire
coal, fuel oil, natural gas, or other nonmunicipal solid waste).
(2) You notify the Administrator that the unit qualifies for the
exemption.
(3) You provide the Administrator with documentation that the unit
qualifies for the exemption.
(e) Hazardous waste combustion units. You are exempt from this
subpart if you get a permit for your unit under section 3005 of the
Solid Waste Disposal Act.
(f) Materials recovery units. You are exempt from this subpart if
your unit combusts waste mainly to recover metals. Primary and secondary
smelters qualify for the exemption.
(g) Co-fired combustors. You are exempt from this subpart if you
meet four requirements:
(1) Your unit has a federally enforceable permit limiting the
combustion of municipal solid waste to 30 percent of the total fuel
input by weight.
(2) You notify the Administrator that the unit qualifies for the
exemption.
(3) You provide the Administrator with a copy of the federally
enforceable permit.
(4) You record the weights, each quarter, of municipal solid waste
and of all other fuels combusted.
(h) Plastics/rubber recycling units. You are exempt from this
subpart if you meet four requirements:
(1) Your pyrolysis/combustion unit is an integrated part of a
plastics/rubber recycling unit as defined under ``Definitions''
(Sec. 60.1465).
(2) You record the weights, each quarter, of plastics, rubber, and
rubber tires processed.
(3) You record the weights, each quarter, of feed stocks produced
and marketed from chemical plants and petroleum refineries.
(4) You keep the name and address of the purchaser of those feed
stocks.
(i) Units that combust fuels made from products of plastics/rubber
recycling plants. You are exempt from this subpart if you meet two
requirements:
(1) Your unit combusts gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, fuel oils,
residual oil, refinery gas, petroleum coke, liquified petroleum gas,
propane, or butane produced by chemical plants or petroleum refineries
that use feedstocks produced by plastics/rubber recycling units.
(2) Your unit does not combust any other municipal solid waste.
(j) Cement kilns. You are exempt from this subpart if your cement
kiln combusts municipal solid waste.
(k) Air curtain incinerators. If your air curtain incinerator (see
Sec. 60.1465 for definition) combusts 100 percent yard waste, you must
meet only the requirements under ``Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn
100 Percent Yard Waste'' (Secs. 60.1435 through 60.1455).
Sec. 60.1025 Do subpart E new source performance standards also
apply to my municipal waste combustion unit?
If this subpart AAAA applies to your municipal waste combustion
unit, then subpart E of this part does not apply to your municipal waste
combustion unit.
Sec. 60.1030 Can the Administrator delegate authority to enforce
these Federal new source performance standards to a State agency?
Yes, the Administrator can delegate all authorities in all sections
of this subpart to the State for direct State enforcement.
Sec. 60.1035 How are these new source performance standards
structured?
These new source performance standards contain five major
components:
(a) Preconstruction requirements.
(1) Materials separation plan.
(2) Siting analysis.
(b) Good combustion practices.
(1) Operator training.
(2) Operator certification.
(3) Operating requirements.
(c) Emission limits.
(d) Monitoring and stack testing.
(e) Recordkeeping and reporting.
[[Page 255]]
Sec. 60.1040 Do all five components of these new source performance
standards apply at the same time?
No, you must meet the preconstruction requirements before you
commence construction of the municipal waste combustion unit. After the
municipal waste combustion unit begins operation, you must meet all of
the good combustion practices, emission limits, monitoring, stack
testing, and most recordkeeping and reporting requirements.
Sec. 60.1045 Are there different subcategories of small municipal
waste combustion units within this subpart?
(a) Yes, this subpart subcategorizes small municipal waste
combustion units into two groups based on the aggregate capacity of the
municipal waste combustion plant as follows:
(1) Class I Units. Class I units are small municipal waste
combustion units that are located at municipal waste combustion plants
with an aggregate plant combustion capacity greater than 250 tons per
day of municipal solid waste. (See the definition of ``municipal waste
combustion plant capacity'' in Sec. 60.1465 for specification of which
units at a plant are included in the aggregate capacity calculation.)
(2) Class II Units. Class II units are small municipal waste
combustion units that are located at municipal waste combustion plants
with an aggregate plant combustion capacity less than or equal to 250
tons per day of municipal solid waste. (See the definition of
``municipal waste combustion plant capacity'' in Sec. 60.1465 for
specification of which units at a plant are included in the aggregate
capacity calculation.)
(b) The requirements for Class I and Class II units are identical
except for two items:
(1) Class I units have a nitrogen oxides emission limit. Class II
units do not have a nitrogen oxides emission limit (see table 1 of this
subpart). Additionally, Class I units have continuous emission
monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements for nitrogen
oxides.
(2) Class II units are eligible for the reduced testing option
provided in Sec. 60.1305.
Preconstruction Requirements: Materials Separation Plan
Sec. 60.1050 Who must submit a materials separation plan?
(a) You must prepare a materials separation plan for your municipal
waste combustion unit if you commence construction of a new small
municipal waste combustion unit after December 6, 2000.
(b) If you commence construction of your municipal waste combustion
unit after August 30, 1999 but before December 6, 2000, you are not
required to prepare the materials separation plan specified in this
subpart.
(c) You must prepare a materials separation plan if you are required
to submit an initial application for a construction permit, under 40 CFR
part 51, subpart I, or part 52, as applicable, for the reconstruction or
modification of your municipal waste combustion unit.
Sec. 60.1055 What is a materials separation plan?
The plan identifies a goal and an approach for separating certain
components of municipal solid waste for a given service area prior to
waste combustion and making them available for recycling.
Sec. 60.1060 What steps must I complete for my materials separation
plan?
(a) For your materials separation plan, you must complete nine
steps:
(1) Prepare a draft materials separation plan.
(2) Make your draft plan available to the public.
(3) Hold a public meeting on your draft plan.
(4) Prepare responses to public comments received during the public
comment period on your draft plan.
(5) Prepare a revised materials separation plan.
(6) Discuss the revised plan at the public meeting for review of the
siting analysis.
(7) Prepare responses to public comments received on your revised
plan.
(8) Prepare a final materials separation plan.
(9) Submit the final materials separation plan.
[[Page 256]]
(b) You may use analyses conducted under the requirements of 40 CFR
part 51, subpart I, or part 52, to comply with some of the materials
separation requirements of this subpart.
Sec. 60.1065 What must I include in my draft materials separation
plan?
(a) You must prepare and submit a draft materials separation plan
for your municipal waste combustion unit and its service area.
(b) Your draft materials separation plan must identify a goal and an
approach for separating certain components of municipal solid waste for
a given service area prior to waste combustion and making them available
for recycling. A materials separation plan may include such elements as
dropoff facilities, buy-back or deposit-return incentives, programs for
curbside pickup, and centralized systems for mechanical separation.
(c) Your materials separation plan may include different goals or
approaches for different subareas in the service area.
(d) Your materials separation plan may exclude materials separation
activities for certain subareas or, if warranted, the entire service
area.
Sec. 60.1070 How do I make my draft materials separation plan
available to the public?
(a) Distribute your draft materials separation plan to the main
public libraries in the area where you will construct the municipal
waste combustion unit.
(b) Publish a notice of a public meeting in the main newspapers that
serve two areas:
(1) The area where you will construct the municipal waste combustion
unit.
(2) The areas where the waste that your municipal waste combustion
unit combusts will be collected.
(c) Include six items in your notice of the public meeting:
(1) The date of the public meeting.
(2) The time of the public meeting.
(3) The location of the public meeting.
(4) The location of the public libraries where the public can find
your materials separation plan. Include the normal business hours of
each library.
(5) An agenda of the topics that will be discussed at the public
meeting.
(6) The beginning and ending dates of the public comment period on
your draft materials separation plan.
Sec. 60.1075 When must I accept comments on the materials separation
plan?
(a) You must accept verbal comments at the public meeting.
(b) You must accept written comments anytime during the period that
begins on the date the document is distributed to the main public
libraries and ends 30 days after the date of the public meeting.
Sec. 60.1080 Where and when must I hold a public meeting on my draft
materials separation plan?
(a) You must hold a public meeting and accept comments on your draft
materials separation plan.
(b) You must hold the public meeting in the county where you will
construct the municipal waste combustion unit.
(c) You must schedule the public meeting to occur at least 30 days
after you make your draft materials separation plan available to the
public.
(d) You may combine the public meeting with any other public meeting
required as part of any other Federal, State, or local permit review.
However, you may not combine it with the public meeting required for the
siting analysis under ``Preconstruction Requirements: Siting Analysis''
(Sec. 60.1140).
(e) You are encouraged to address eight topics at the public meeting
for your draft materials separation plan:
(1) Expected size of the service area for your municipal waste
combustion unit.
(2) Amount of waste you will collect in the service area.
(3) Types and estimated amounts of materials proposed for
separation.
(4) Methods proposed for materials separation.
(5) Amount of residual waste for disposal.
(6) Alternate disposal methods for handling the residual waste.
(7) Where your responses to public comments on the draft materials
separation plan will be available for inspection.
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(8) Where your revised materials separation plan will be available
for inspection.
(f) You must prepare a transcript of the public meeting on your
draft materials separation plan.
Sec. 60.1085 What must I do with any public comments I receive
during the public comment period on my draft materials separation
plan?
You must do three steps:
(a) Prepare written responses to any public comments you received
during the public comment period. Summarize the responses to public
comments in a document that is separate from your revised materials
separation plan.
(b) Make the comment response document available to the public in
the service area where you will construct your municipal waste
combustion unit. You must distribute the document at least to the main
public libraries used to announce the public meeting.
(c) Prepare a revised materials separation plan for the municipal
waste combustion unit that includes, as appropriate, changes made in
response to any public comments you received during the public comment
period.
Sec. 60.1090 What must I do with my revised materials separation plan?
You must do two tasks:
(a) As specified under ``Reporting'' (Sec. 60.1375), submit five
items to the Administrator by the date you submit the application for a
construction permit under 40 CFR part 51, subpart I, or part 52. (If you
are not required to submit an application for a construction permit
under 40 CFR part 51, subpart I, or part 52, submit five items to the
Administrator by the date of your notice of construction under
Sec. 60.1380):
(1) Your draft materials separation plan.
(2) Your revised materials separation plan.
(3) Your notice of the public meeting for your draft materials
separation plan.
(4) A transcript of the public meeting on your draft materials
separation plan.
(5) The document that summarizes your responses to the public
comments you received during the public comment period on your draft
materials separation plan.
(b) Make your revised materials separation plan available to the
public as part of the siting analysis procedures under ``Preconstruction
Requirements: Siting Analysis'' (Sec. 60.1130).
Sec. 60.1095 What must I include in the public meeting on my revised
materials separation plan?
As part of the public meeting for review of the siting analysis, as
specified under ``Preconstruction Requirements: Siting Analysis''
(Sec. 60.1140), you must discuss two areas:
(a) Differences between your revised materials separation plan and
your draft materials separation plan discussed at the first public
meeting (Sec. 60.1080).
(b) Questions about your revised materials separation plan.
Sec. 60.1100 What must I do with any public comments I receive on
my revised materials separation plan?
(a) Prepare written responses to any public comments and include
them in the document that summarizes your responses to public comments
on the siting analysis.
(b) Prepare a final materials separation plan that includes, as
appropriate, changes made in response to any public comments you
received on your revised materials separation plan.
Sec. 60.1105 How do I submit my final materials separation plan?
As specified under ``Reporting'' (Sec. 60.1380), submit your final
materials separation plan to the Administrator as part of the notice of
construction for the municipal waste combustion unit.
Preconstruction Requirements: Siting Analysis
Sec. 60.1110 Who must submit a siting analysis?
(a) You must prepare a siting analysis if you commence construction
of a small municipal waste combustion unit after December 6, 2000.
(b) If you commence construction on your municipal waste combustion
unit
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after August 30, 1999, but before December 6, 2000, you are not required
to prepare the siting analysis specified in this subpart.
(c) You must prepare a siting analysis if you are required to submit
an initial application for a construction permit, under 40 CFR part 51,
subpart I, or part 52, as applicable, for the reconstruction or
modification of your municipal waste combustion unit.
Sec. 60.1115 What is a siting analysis?
The siting analysis addresses how your municipal waste combustion
unit affects ambient air quality, visibility, soils, vegetation, and
other relevant factors. The analysis can be used to determine whether
the benefits of your proposed facility significantly outweigh the
environmental and social costs resulting from its location and
construction. The analysis must also consider other major industrial
facilities near the proposed site.
Sec. 60.1120 What steps must I complete for my siting analysis?
(a) For your siting analysis, you must complete five steps:
(1) Prepare an analysis.
(2) Make your analysis available to the public.
(3) Hold a public meeting on your analysis.
(4) Prepare responses to public comments received on your analysis.
(5) Submit your analysis.
(b) You may use analyses conducted under the requirements of 40 CFR
part 51, subpart I, or part 52, to comply with some of the siting
analysis requirements of this subpart.
Sec. 60.1125 What must I include in my siting analysis?
(a) Include an analysis of how your municipal waste combustion unit
affects four areas:
(1) Ambient air quality.
(2) Visibility.
(3) Soils.
(4) Vegetation.
(b) Include an analysis of alternatives for controlling air
pollution that minimize potential risks to the public health and the
environment.
Sec. 60.1130 How do I make my siting analysis available to the
public?
(a) Distribute your siting analysis and revised materials separation
plan to the main public libraries in the area where you will construct
your municipal waste combustion unit.
(b) Publish a notice of a public meeting in the main newspapers that
serve two areas:
(1) The area where you will construct your municipal waste
combustion unit.
(2) The areas where the waste that your municipal waste combustion
unit combusts will be collected.
(c) Include six items in your notice of the public meeting:
(1) The date of the public meeting.
(2) The time of the public meeting.
(3) The location of the public meeting.
(4) The location of the public libraries where the public can find
your siting analysis and revised materials separation plan. Include the
normal business hours of each library.
(5) An agenda of the topics that will be discussed at the public
meeting.
(6) The beginning and ending dates of the public comment period on
your siting analysis and revised materials separation plan.
Sec. 60.1135 When must I accept comments on the siting analysis
and revised materials separation plan?
(a) You must accept verbal comments at the public meeting.
(b) You must accept written comments anytime during the period that
begins on the date the document is distributed to the main public
libraries and ends 30 days after the date of the public meeting.
Sec. 60.1140 Where and when must I hold a public meeting on the
siting analysis?
(a) You must hold a public meeting to discuss and accept comments on
your siting analysis and your revised materials separation plan.
(b) You must hold the public meeting in the county where you will
construct your municipal waste combustion unit.
(c) You must schedule the public meeting to occur at least 30 days
after
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you make your siting analysis and revised materials separation plan
available to the public.
(d) You must prepare a transcript of the public meeting on your
siting analysis.
Sec. 60.1145 What must I do with any public comments I receive
during the public comment period on my siting analysis?
You must do three things:
(a) Prepare written responses to any public comments on your siting
analysis and the revised materials separation plan you received during
the public comment period. Summarize the responses to public comments in
a document that is separate from your materials separation plan and
siting analysis.
(b) Make the comment response document available to the public in
the service area where you will construct your municipal waste
combustion unit. You must distribute the document at least to the main
public libraries used to announce the public meeting for the siting
analysis.
(c) Prepare a revised siting analysis for the municipal waste
combustion unit that includes, as appropriate, changes made in response
to any public comments you received during the public comment period.
Sec. 60.1150 How do I submit my siting analysis?
As specified under ``Reporting'' (Sec. 60.1380), submit four items
as part of the notice of construction:
(a) Your siting analysis.
(b) Your notice of the public meeting on your siting analysis.
(c) A transcript of the public meeting on your siting analysis.
(d) The document that summarizes your responses to the public
comments you received during the public comment period.
Good Combustion Practices: Operator Training
Sec. 60.1155 What types of training must I do?
There are two types of required training:
(a) Training of operators of municipal waste combustion units using
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or a State-approved
training course.
(b) Training of plant personnel using a plant-specific training
course.