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HT 393 .A42 H842 1983 --tom sw _4v Al f7 SM. Owl IMP PI IWO 1Y tjQ I R-4%, k- ert LE zi This project was supported, in part, by Federal Coastal Zone Management Program lmplementation Funds (P.L. 92-583, Sec. 306) granted to the State of Alaska by the Office of CoasW Zone Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. ERRATA CHAPTER 9: AREAS MERITING SPECIAL ATTENTION INTRODUCTION, page 9-1 Add- Only areas within the Hydaburg district can be designated by the city as AMSA's. Of the six AMSA's identified in this chapter, only part of one (Hydaburg River and Tidelands) is within the district. In accordance with 6 AAC 80.160(a), areas outside the district can be nominated by any person, but must be designated as an AMSA by the Coastal Policy Council, with the concurrence of appropriate state agencies, municipalities, and villages. This designation is a separate action from approval of the district program. Approved AMSA management plans will be implemented by appropriate state agencies in accordance with the enforce- able policies of the plan. MEARES PASSAGE - ARENA COVE AMSA page 9-8, part 4: Existing Ownership, Jurisdiction, and Ma agement Status Add at end of first paragra2h: The tidelands and seabeds are also under the ownership and management of the state, and are therefore a part of this AMSA. MCFARLAND ISLANDS - DUNBAR INLET AMSA page 9-16, part 4: Existing Ownership, Jurisdiction, and Management Status Add at end of first paragraph: The tidelands and seabeds are also under the ownership and management of the state, and are therefore a part of this AMSA, JACKSON ISLAND AMSA page 9-23, part 4: Existing Ownership, Jurisdiction, and Management Status Add after second sentence: The tidelands and seabed are also under the ownership and management of the state, and are therefore a part of the AMSA. US Department of Comm e MOAA Coastal Services Center Library 2234 SouEa Elcbson Avenuc CharRestom,SC 29405-24L3 HYDABURG RIVER AMSA page 9-35, part-5: Existing Ownership, Jurisdiction, and Management Status of Adjacent Shoreland and Sea Areas Add: The U.S. Forest Service manages lands in the upper drainage area of the AMSA for the Federal government. The management designation for that area is LUD IV (intensive resource use and development). SALTERY POINT - CRAB TRAP COVE page 9-48, part 5: Existing-Ownership, Jurisdiction, and Management Status of Adjacent Shoreland and Sea Area's Replace existing sentence with: The majority of the adjacent lands and waters are under the same ownership, jurisdiction, and management as those lands and waters within the AMSA. However, the U.S. Forest Ser- vice has lands to the south of the AMSA's upper Saltery drainage that are in an LUD IV (intensive resource use and development) management designation. HETTA COVER - EEK INLET page 9-64, part 4: Existing Ownership, Jurisdiction, and Management Status Change first sentence of first paragraph to read: All surface waters, tidelands, and seabeds within the AMSA boundary are owned and managed by the state. Delete last sentence of last paragraph (bottom of page 9-64 and top of page 9-67) page 9-67, part 5: Adjacent Ownership, Jurisdiction, and Management Status Replace sentence with: The majority of the adjacent lands and waters are under the same ownership, jurisdiction, and management as those lands and-waters within the AMSA. However, the U.S. Forest Ser- vice manages lands for the Federal government in the Eek Lake area, and these lands are presently managed for inten- sive resource use and development (LUD IV). Concept Approved HYDABURG COASTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM CH2M mom HILL January 1983 PURPOSE The City of Hydaburg's involvement in the Coastal Zone Management Program enables it to have a voice in the re- source planning of an area vital to the culture, heritage, and traditions of the Haida people. The knowledge and understanding of resource values held by Hydaburg's people are reflected and expressed in this program. The Hydaburg Coastal Management Program demonstrates to both present and future generations the importance of protecting tradi- tional and customary uses, while also planning for the uses of the future. 500.033 This project has depended upon the financial support of the Haida Corporation, and the continual participation and support of the Hydaburg Coastal Zone Management Com- mittee and the Hydaburg City Council. HYDABURG COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE Adrian LeCornu, Chairman and City Administrator Bruce A. Cook, Sr., Mayor and ex-officio member Victor Burgess (Local Fisheries Advisory Council) Percy Frisby (Haida Corporation) Gerard Helgesen Thomas Morrison Donald Natkong Sandra Peele Robert Sanderson (Haida Corporation and Sealaska Corpo- ration) John E. Morris, Sr., Coastal Planning Coordinator HYDABURG CITY COUNCIL Jimmy Bernhardt Victor Burgess Gerard Helgesen Donald Peterson Robert Sanderson Sasha Soboleff Mayor Bruce A. Cook, Sr. 500.017 iv CONTENTS Chapter Pa2e 1 INTRODUCTION 1-1 Alaska Coastal Management Program 1-1 Hydaburg Coastal Management Program 1-1 Document Organization and Review Procedures 1-8 2 SOCIOECONOMIC RESOURCE INVENTORY 2-1 History and Cultural Background 2-1 Population 2-9 Government 2-10 Economy 2-17 Land Use 2-22 Housing 2-25 Public Facilities and Services 2-26 Transportation 2-37 Recreational, Historic, Archaeo- logical, and Scenic Resources 2-44 3 LAND AND RESOURCE OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT 3-1 Land Status/Ownership 3-1 Management Plans 3-5 4 BIOPHYSICAL INVENTORY 4-1 Climate 4-1 Hydrology 4-2 Tides and Circulation 4-2 Soils and Geology 4-3 Habitats 4-19 Flora and Fauna 4-20 Traditional and Customary Natural Resource Use 4-33 5 HISTORIC, PREHISTORIC, AND ARCHAEO- LOGICAL RESOURCES 5-1 Planning District 5-1 Planning Area 5-1 6 ISSUES, GOALS, AND OBJECTIVES 6-1 Issue 1: Traditional and Customary Natural Resource Use 6-1 Issue 2: Land and Water Use Devel- opment 6-2 500.040 v CONTENTS (continued) Chapter Page 6 ISSUES, GOALS, AND OBJECTIVES (cont'd) Issue 3: City Expansion 6-3 Issue 4: Municipal Services 6-3 Issue 5: Electrical Power Demand 6-4 Issue 6: Transportation 6-5 Issue 7: Economic Development 6-5 Issue 8: Housing 6-6 Issue 9: Population Trends 6-6 7 ANALYSIS 7-1 Introduction 7-1 City of Hydaburg 7-1 Planning Area 7-7 8 DISTRICT POLICIES AND IMPLEMENTATION 8-1 Introduction 8-1 Authority 8-1 Responsible Parties 8-2 District Policies 8-2 Consistency Determination 8-12 Appeals 8-16 Field Checking 8-17 Enforcement 8-17 9 AREAS MERITING SPECIAL ATTENTION 9-1 Introduction 9-1 Meares Passage - Arena Cove 9-5 McFarland Islands - Dunbar Inlet 9-13 Jackson Island 9-21 Hydaburg River - Tidelands 9-29 Saltery Point - Crab Trap Cove 9-42 Hetta Cove - Eek Inlet 9-61 10 PLANNING AREA POLICIES AND IMPLE- MENTATION 10-1 Introduction 10-1 Planning Area Policies 10-1 Consistency Recommendation 10-8 Appendix A Bibliography and Glossary B Public Participation Program C Program Procedures D Housing Survey E Historical Information 500-040 vi TABLES Table Page 1 Population Trends in Hydaburg: 1930- 1982 2-11 2 Hydaburg Population Characteristics 2-11 3 Municipal Powers 2-13 4 City of Hydaburg's Fiscal Year 1981 Legislative Funding Proposal 2-19 5 Projected Harvest Schedules for U.S. Forest Service Lands within the Planning Area 3-10 6 Mineral Deposits Publicly Known in the Hydaburg Planning Area 4-12 7 Permit Applications and Public Notices the Hydaburg District Will Receive for Review and Possible Comment--District 8-13 8 Permit Applications and Public Notices the Hydaburg District Will Receive for Review and Possible Comment--Areas Meriting Special Attention 9-6 9 Permit Applications and Public Notices the Hydaburg District Will Receive for Review and Possible Comment--Areas Meriting Special Attention 9-14 10 Permit Applications and Public Notices the Hydaburg District Will Receive for Review and Possible Comment--Areas Meriting Special Attention 9-22 11 Permit Applications and Public Notices the Hydaburg District Will Receive for Review and Possible Comment--Areas Meriting Special Attention 9-30 12 Permit Applications and Public Notices the Hydaburg District Will Receive for Review and Possible Comment--Areas Meriting Special Attention 9-43 13 Permit Applications and Public Notices the Hydaburg District Will Receive for Review and Possible Comment--Areas Meriting Special Attention 9-62 500.041 vii TABLES (continued) Table Page 14 Permit Applications and Public Notices the Hydaburg District Will Receive for Review and Possible Comment--Planning Area 10-9 500.041 viii FIGURES Figure Page 1 Project Location 1-3 2 Coastal Biophysical Boundaries - Plan- ning Area 1-5 3 Existing Land Use - City of Hydaburg 2-23 4 District Land Status - City of Hyda- burg 2-27 5 District Housing and Public Facili- ties - City of Hydaburg 2-29 6 District Transportation System - City of Hydaburg 2-39 7 District Recreation, Historic, Archaeo- logical, and Scenic Resources - City of Hydaburg 2-45 8 Land Status/Ownership - Planning Area 3-3 9 Land Management Plans - Planning Area 3-7 10 Selected Harvest Plan, Suemez Island 3-11 11 District Soils, Geology, Hazards, and Predominant Wind Directions - City of Hydaburg 4-5 12 Geology - Planning Area 4-9 13 Coastal Habitats - City of Hydaburg 4-21 14 Coastal Habitats/Kelp and Eelgrass - Planning Area 4-23 15 Anadromous Streams/Eagle Nests - Plan- ning Area 4-37 16 Sport Fisheries - Planning Area 4-39 17 Commercial Fisheries - Planning Area 4-41 18 Marine Mammals and Bird Use - Planning Area 4-43 19 Terrestrial Mammals - Planning Area 4-45 20 District Vegetation - City of Hydaburg 4-47 500.042 ix FIGURES (continued) Figure Page 21 District Traditional and Customary Natural Resource Usage - City of Hydaburg 4-49 22A Traditional and Customary Natural Re- source Use--A - Planning Area 4-51 22B Traditional and Customary Natural Re- source Use--B - Planning Area 4-53 23 Archaeological and Historic Areas - I Planning Area 5-3 24 District Future Land Use - City of Hydaburg 8-3 25 Nominated Areas Meriting Special Atten- tion - Index Map 9-3 25-1 Meares Passage - Arena Cove Nominated AMSA 9-9 25-2 McFarland Islands-Dunbar Inlet Nominated AMSA 9-17 25-3 Jackson Island Nominated AMSA 9-25 25-4 Hydaburg River and Tideflats Nominated AMSA 9-33 25-5 Saltery Point-Crab Trap Cove Nominated AMSA 9-45 25-6 Hetta Cove-Eek Inlet Nominated AMSA 9-65 500.042 X I I I I I I I I I I I @7 e . J I I I CHAPTER I Introduction I 1 @S6 @ I I I Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION ALASKA COASTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM The protection and wise use of Alaska's coastal areas is extremely important to the continuing well-being of the state. Seventy-five percent of all Alaskans live within 10 miles of the coast, and the vast coastal resources pro- vide food, energy, recreation, and economic opportunity to all the state's citizens. These resources are also part of ecosystems that serve the entire living community, of which man is only one component. Man's misuse of any part of this complex chain of life can severely damage the system as a whole, with serious consequences. As population and man's needs increase, the demand for coastal resources is also increasing. The need for bal- anced resource management is more than ever imperative. Recognizing this need in all coastal states, the U.S. Con- gress in 1972 passed the Coastal Zone Management Act, which requires states to use the nation's coastal resources in a way that protects natural systems and cultural values. The act provides funding to states if they choose to de- velop their own programs. In response to the urgent need for management of the state's coast, the Alaska State Legislature passed the Alaska Coastal Management Act in 1977. The Alaska Coastal Management Act in turn provides funding to districts within the state so they can develop their own local management programs. Each district adopts inland and seaward coastal boundaries for its management area. Upon approval by the Coastal Policy Council and the state legislature, district programs become part of the state program. HYDABURG COASTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM Hydaburg is a small native community situated on the south- ern reaches of Prince of Wales Island in Southeast Alaska (Figure 1). It lies 210 miles southeast of Juneau and 46 miles southwest of Ketchikan. As a first-class city that exercises planning authority and contains a portion of Alaska's coastal area, Hydaburg is a coastal resource dis- trict able to develop a district management program. Definition of Boundaries Figure 2 shows the planning area boundaries for Hydaburg's coastal management program. The area includes the zone of direct interaction (that portion of the coastal area where physical and biological processes are a function of the PD500.001 1-1 direct contact between land and sea); the zone of direct influence (that portion of the coastal area that is next to the zone of direct interaction and is therefore influ- enced by that interaction); and the zone of indirect influence (the outer portions of the coastal zone where human use may have a direct and significant impact on coastal processes). These three zones were defined and mapped for the Hydaburg planning-area by the Alaska De- partment of Fish and Game. The entire corporate limits of Hydaburg are within the zones of direct interaction and direct influence. The extent of the city's planning area was determined by the traditional and customary use of the lands and waters surrounding Hydaburg. In the 17th century, the Haida people left their home in the Queen Charlotte Islands and began a northward migration across Dixon Inlet. Their first settlement was on the southern tip of Dall Island in what was then Tlingit territory. This migration con- tinued over the years, and Haidas moved further north into Dall Island, Long Island, Sukkwan Island, Suemez Island, and the southern end of Prince of Wales Island as far north as the present city of Craig. Since those early days, these regions have been used by the Haida people for hunting, trapping, foraging, fishing, and recreation. The people of Hydaburg still heavily depend on traditional resources for subsistence and commercial uses. These re- sources are an integral part of the community's economy, culture, and social framework. It is therefore essential to include these areas to ensure their proper management and protection. corporation land holdings surrounding Hydaburg. The Alaska The city's planning area also reflects the extensive native Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) of 1971 resulted in the formation of regional and village,corporations that own and manage lands accorded to them by the act. Haida Corporation and Klukwan Inc., village corporations, and Sealaska Corporation, a regional corporation, have consid- erable holdings around Hydaburg. All three corporations plan to develop their timber operations and to pursue other resource development opportunities. These activities will have substantial impacts on Hydaburg's resource base, population, and economy, and are an essential consideration in coastal management planning. Planning Subareas For planning and management purposes, it is useful to distinguish three subareas encompassed by the Hydaburg coastal management program: the city's corporate limits; the general coastal planning area; and potential Areas Meriting Special Attention (AMSA's). Management means and jurisdictions will differ for each subarea. PD500.001 1-2 ALA5KA tqAr LOCATIOH Q;N 0 -r A 15T19,41 CJ rA 0 ID 0 a N7 or WALF-5 15L-ANED 4Z, .5UE!M Cp (J) I KellkL Hyda ur KJIV@Am D5 N OALL- LIA UNIT-Er) fo GO MAJ- @LOCATJOH Project Location FIGURE 1 h Fed-l e'-11IPZ,T 92M'5'8N3eL- (3oP'6')9q- P @s Ploject --wd, P-, v C F-dl -d t, ffie T 11,11 11 All', by 11, Offil 11 IN-, z- q .... t, Wti-l 01111w. -d At-phe,i, Ray Ad@mit,auon, U.S. D,p-ment f C-1- J A-16'@ DIt q%ai,,@,-r P! 5 U t @a LAN D I @A A10 3, A f V I 'y' 10 :J Pf T 1,1 D"" P' Pezl Is, @Y, - - - - - - - - - -- Fwf -A I N.Ilq r a NA, Is 0 Pt X Gwi Kangulas Is, f 78 9 rw 'tq 4i Fayland 50) A- B014 Bay Liss, FRt 'J T.NA-:,crz Nya,1,4 P1 Mellen Rk Bay Pt t A-t@r PLatt@-. 4h h- IW@W, r-w k wa V,,@age j P, t Wtkebsle,, C pp%e Pt I.f,@ A,@ Iva k $.a,, .0 a's Pt % % le 1, % d, N ism, Tur,@@ W-d % 'lite, @,Z -cl lz@- Ta t, L;arene P-1 aw Pis q6iie Pi, -xc, Forrester Island ".j % % % Islands % % 0- % @o"$ 14@ Petri? - % % K, SOURCE: Marine/Coastal Habitat Management, 11 Department of Fish and Game, September 1977. W I Hydabur2 Corporate Limits. Hydaburgfs corporate limits currently comprise 189 acres. This area is the coastal district as defined in ACMA Sec. 46.40.210. The Hydaburg coastal management program has direct jurisdiction only within this district. The city can use such means as ordinances, codes, land and water use plans, and economic programs to implement its coastal management program. Another integral means of implementing the program is the requirement for both state and Federal consistency. This means that in most cases, actions by state and Federal agencies must comply to the maximum extent practicable with the state's coas- tal management standards and, consequently, with approved district coastal management programs. Section 14(C)3 of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act requires village corporations to reconvey to municipal- ities title to 1) improved lands in the village that are not yet owned by the municipality, and 2) lands for expan- sion, rights-of-way, and other foreseeable community needs. This reconveyance must be at least 1,280 acres (2 square miles), unless the community and village corporation agree upon a smaller amount. Haida Corporation and the City of Hydaburg have not yet decided exactly which lands are to be reconveyed to the city, although the lands will probably be contiguous to the existing corporate boundaries. Once these lands are reconveyed and incorporated into the city, they will also be part of t,he Hydaburg coastal district. General Coastal Planning Area. The remaining general coastal planning area is outside Hydaburg's corporate limits and as such is not under the city's direct control. Through this coastal management plan, however, the city intends to become actively involved in management actions of coastal significance undertaken within this planning area. These actions include uses and activities on state and Federal lands; the granting of licenses, permits, and leases; and financial assistance programs. The general coastal planning area also includes lands owned by the native corporations. Cooperation between Hydaburg and the corporations can serve to achieve each party's manage- ment objectives. Areas Meriting Special Attention. Nominated Areas Meriting Special Attention have beeE @identified because of their particular sensitivity or importance. Specific management plans have been developed for each AMSA. Although the district has no direct authority over activities within these AMSA's, it will actively participate with the land managers in management decisions. More detailed discussions of authority and management means are contained in Chapters 8, 9, and 10. PD500.001 1-7 DOCUMENT ORGANIZATION AND REVIEW PROCEDURES This document is the concept-approved Hydaburg Coastal Management Program. It begins with an inventory of the existing conditions within the planning area: socio- economic resources (Chapter 2); land and resource owner- ship and management (Chapter 3); biophysical resources (Chapter 4); and historic, prehistoric, and archaeo- logical resources (Chapter 5). It contains a discussion of the issues facing the community, and outlines goals and objectives that can be pursued to resolve these issues (Chapter 6). The suitability and capability of the area's resources for various future uses are then analyzed (Chapter 7). This information has been compiled with the assistance of various state and Federal agencies, particularly the Alaska Department of Fish and Game; the City qf Hydaburg; and the village and regional native corporations. Chapter 8 contains the policies and implementation measures that will be used to make future management decisions for actions within the district. In Chapter 9, advisory management plans for nominated Areas Meriting Special Attention are presented. Chapter 10 presents advisory policies and implementation measures for the planning area. This concept approved document has been submitted to the Office of Coastal Management for final review. The document will then be considered by the Alaska Coastal Policy Council for formal state adoption, to become a part of the Alaska Coastal Management Program. After approval by the ACPC, the document will be returned to the district for final approval. The district will adopt the Council-approved program by city ordinance. The ACPC will then forward the Council-approved program to the Lieutenant Governor for filing and public notice of the approval action. The district program will take effect for purposes of state consistency upon this filing. PD500.001 1-8 CHAPTER 2 0 Socioeconomic Resource Inventory Chapter 2 NN SOCIOECONOMIC RESOURCE INVENTORY HISTORY AND CULTURAL BACKGROUND* From time immemorial, the Haida people have held a reli- gious reverence for the relationship between the environ- ment and their cultural way of life. The oral history handed down by generations related the culture to the coastal environment. For exaTple, Forrester Island has the meaning of "Grandfather" in the Haida language, and held a spiritual significance to the early people. The migration of Haidas to Alaska began when Haidas living on the north coast of Graham Island (British Columbia) crossed Dixon Entrance in search of new lands. An elderly Alaskan Haida belonging to the 'Aockewe Clan (Those-Born- In-Masset Inlet) gave the following version of the initial move: Many Haidas were living around Graham Island and at that place called Langara Island. There were many people and there was a shortage of food. Trouble broke out among them, but I don't know what caused it. The first ones to leave were the Quetas (Mud- Eater) people. They could see the land across there and they decided to try and make their new home there. At the right time of the year they made themselves ready. They built large rafts and put everything they had on those. When the weather was right they started across. They landed at Cape Muzon (the southern tip of Dall Island, and nearest point across Dixon Entrance). They needed to find food (salmon) so men were sent out to look. Then they found Hetta and Eek (sockeye salmon streams in Hetta Inlet). The Quetas p@ople prospered their first year here and word of it got back to Graham Island. The next that came across were the Yadas people. They started across too late in the season (late summer) and while coming over they got caught in bad weather. They couldn't see across to the other side where they wanted to go. They made it across but they missed Cape Muzon. They landed just south of Cape Chacon (the southern tip of Prince of Wales Island). They didn't like Cape Chacon because it was just like where they came from (i.e., exposed to windswept seas and rough tides). They decided not to stay there and so they moved on up along the east *Source: Daniel Vaughn, University of Washington, unpub- lished thesis (in progress). See Appendix E for addi- tional historical information. PD500.002 2-1 side of Prince of Wales Island in search of food and a better place to stay. Winter was coming on and they didn't have enough food to get them through. They were camped over there by Chomley (Cholmendeley Inlet) and they were worried about what was going to happen to them because they couldn't find any salmon stream. They didn't know anything about this country they were in. While they were camped there, a raven would come and fly back and forth (in a figure eight) crying "tcla tcla", and then would fly off, always in the same dir ion. This raven came back every day and did the same thing. Someone finally got the message and a couple of canoes were sent off to fol- low this raven the next time he came. They followed him to a stream in Chomely; that stream was just full of fish, dog salmon. -They loaded their canoes with the salmon, using spears, and hurried back to camp to tell the people about it. Everybody hurried and got ready. All the men jumped into their canoes while the women gathered firewood and prepared drying- sticks. When the men returned, their canoes were filled with dog-salmon. They called their camp tclatclini because of the way that raven spoke to them. Following their migrations to the southern Prince of Wales Islands, those Haida clans lucky enough to discover easily accessible salmon streams claimed these as their own and handed these claims down to matrilineal descendants. In comparison to their old queen Charlotte Island homes, their new land was rich in abundance. The most highly valued streams were those in which sockeye salmon ran through to spawn. Of some twenty known sockeye producing streams in the south Prince of Wales Island area, seven of them are recognized as belonging to particular clans and are said to be owned by the recognized head of each of these. Karta, in Kasaan Bay, on the east side of Prince of Wales, and Hetta, in Hetta Inlet on the west side, were once two of the largest sockeye salmon produc- inv streams in southeastern Alaska. Skowal was the last Haida chief to claim Karta before control of the area was undermined in the cannery era. Ownership is still claimed, although it appears that decline in population and break- down in matrilineal emphasis have caused a change in in- heritance rules. James Peele, giving testimony for posses- sory claims hearings, said: "My father homesteaded Karta Bay and I have inherited that place now. When I go my son will get it. This bay belonged to my father's uncle." The last native owner to have possessory control of Hetta was Kulkit (Mose Koolkeet). "The district from Eek Point to Lime Point, including Hetta Inlet, was claimed by Mose Koolkeet, a decendant of the group that crossed the PD500.002 2-2 portage at Sulzer. He is now dead; the place has claim- ants." (Petition for Reservation, 1938). The district from Halibut Nose through North Pass, includ- ing Hydaburg Bay, South Pass and Sukkwan Strait to Eek Point, is claimed by two parties, John Wallace's family and the family of Nix's and Katkong's. From Lime Point to Hassiah Inlet, including Nutkwa Inlet and Keete Inlet, is claimed by Ben Duncan and Robert Cogo. Hassiah Inlet, Mable Bay, and Kassa Inlet to Shipwreck Point were considered common property. The explanation for this is that there are no really good salmon streams in this district. From Shipwreck Point south to Klinkwan, including Klakas Inlet, was claimed by Edwin Scott, whose decendants are Lloyd Scott and Katherine Young. During the life of Edwin Scott, this claim was recognized by early cannery men, and money was paid to him for the use of his streams. Hunters Bay was claimed by Alex Peele, whose decendants are Clarence and Morris Peele. Tah Bay was common property. Hessa Inlet was claimed by an old Indian by the name of Bill Okeet. He has died and there are at present no claim- ants. From Point Marsh to Cape Chacon was common property, which can be explained by the fact that it is very rough and rocky country. From Cape Muzon going north on the east side of Dall Island to Grace Harbor was common property, which can be explained by the fact that Howkan was a sizable village and all adjoining land was considered common property. Grace Harbor, Vesta Bay, Rose Inlet, View Cove, Breezy Bay, and Farallon Bay are claimed by Matthew Charles. The large amount of territory may be explained by the fact that he is the oldest living descendant and a patri- arch of the clan. The north shore of Tlevak Narrows, including Soda Bay to Halibut Nose, is claimed by John High. All the rest of the territory was common property for all to use. Kasook, on Sukkwan Island, and Nichols Bay near Cape Chacon were apparently considered common property. Of these two sockeye streams, the latter seems to have PD500.002 2-3 received the heaviest use in aboriginal times. Nichols Bay was not only a good source of sockeye during the early summer (June-July), but was also extensively used as a campsite during early spring (April-May) for halibut fish- ing and drying by people from Klinkwan and people from Kasaan. Households, or more particularly, clans, held property at certain important campsites that may be called temporary villages, since several family groups would seasonally settle in these locations. Kaigani, Forrester Island, Shaan-Seet (Craig), and Nichols Bay all apparently were places of "common property" where various clans habitually occupied certain areas during seasonal excursions to these places. For the most part, these were temporary villages reoccupied each spring for specific purposes. Kaigani and Nichols Bay are important halibut and seaweed resource areas; Forrester Island was the area's major resource location for seabird eggs; and Shaan-Seet was the major herring spawning ground in the southern Prince of Wales Islands. All of the locations were also important because each family had garden sites there. Garden sites are fairly extensively located throughout the area, and are sometimes associated with abandoned villages, about which very little is yet known. These include Hetta, Eek, Dunbar Inlet, North Pass, and Natzuni. Other kinds of owned property included berry picking areas and hunting and trapping territories. Very little is specifically known about the extent of these owned properties, although it is probable that they follow the same area pattern of those described for the salmon areas, involving the con- tiguous countryside. The first documented Haida contact with Europeans occurred in 1774, when the Spaniard Juan Perez explored the north- west coast as far north as Cape Muzon in search of the legendary Northwest Passage. Spanish presence was followed by the British in 1778, when Captain James Cook explored the coast, also in search of a Northwest Passage. Sea otter pelts that were ob- tained from coastal natives by crew members of Cook's expedition were found to be highly valued by Chinese aris- tocracy. By the late 1780's, an international maritime race was on to develop the Pacific sea otter fur trade. George Dixon was the first person to trade with the Haidas, in 1787. Because of its geographical location, the summer village of Kaigani at Cape Muzon became a favorite port of call for the maritime traders.. The Haidas became well known as shrewd traders, and 30 years of sea otter trading infused their material culture with Western-made products--clothing, tools, guns, house- wares, and foods. These Western goods played an important role in the wealth-status complex of the Haida, and vast PD500.002 2-4 accumulations of wealth were redistributed through the potlatch cycle. The Haidas desired peaceable trade relations with Euro- American traders. The record shows that from time to time hostilities arose, particularly when unscrupulous traders took native leaders as captives to be held for ransom in sea otter pelts. Maritime traders themselves made attempts to stop such practices, since they damaged their chances for successful trade. After the turn of the century, alcohol became one of the standard trade commodities, and this, along with prostitu- tion of native women, had an effect on native populations. The sea otter resource dwindled by the 1820's. In reac- tion to the decline of this important resource, the Haidas diversified their commercial relationship with Euro- Americans. Besides furs of lesser value, native-made products were introduced into the trade (weavings, carv- ings, argillite, etc.). Haida men hired out as maritime seamen and hunters working aboard American sealing and whaling vessels. Permanent, land-based trading posts were erected on the coast during this period. The Hudson Bay Post of H. Simp- son was the first established in this area, in 1835. Other trading posts were established at Wrangel (1839) and Victoria (1843). All these places attracted the Haidas, since the decline of the sea otter trade meant fewer maritime vessels visited their country. These years of trading post expansion were calamitous for the Haidas. A smallpox epidemic broke out in Sitka (New Archangel) in 1836, and spread as far as Fort Simpson in that year. A second smallpox epidemic hit this part of the coast in 1862 when an infected white man from San Francisco carried the disease to Victoria. (In British Columbia alone, this epidemic took 20,000 native lives.) The Haidas, particularly the Queen Charlotte Island people, were among the hardest hit by this epidemic. Because of declining commerce, and thus declining profits, Russian interest in the New World slackened. In 1867, Russia sold its New World possessions (Russian America) to the United States. The area thereafter has been known as Alaska. The United States had abandoned the practice of treaty- making with native nations or tribes (in 1871) before any involvement between the U.S. and Alaskan natives developed. It was within the ambiguous status of being recognized neither as aliens, Indians, nor citizens that the Haidas witnessed further commercial developments occurring around them. Gold rushes along the coastal mountains brought an PD500.002 2-5 unprecedented number of white men eager to stake out min- eral claims. Some entrepreneurs began salting salmon in barrels for shipment to San Francisco markets. These salmon salteries were precursors of the canned salmon industry; the first cannery operating in Alaska was started at Klawock in 1878. Operators of this first cannery had access to the sockeye salmon of Klawock Creek by virtue of a lease agreement arranged with the Tlingit claimant of that stream. In 1889, a similar arrangement was made with Mose Koolkeet (Kulkit), a Howkan Haida, to fish the area of Hetta Creek. This arrangement lasted until 1896, when a competing can- nery built at Hunter Bay, near the Haida Village of Klink- wan, utilized the Hetta resource area, refusing to acknowl- edge Koolkeet's claim to it. There was not just a little concern among native leaders over losing control of previously recognized rights to. these cannery companies. By this time, the teachings of the Presbyterian missionaries and teachers had been felt. Rather than raising hostile arms against the canneries, attempts were made to appeal to government authorities, pressing native concerns over rights of ownership to streams that had been assumed by the canneries. Jefferson Moser, acting agent surveying the Alaskan fisheries for this U.S. Government, found himself audience to a number of these appeals: Whenever the "Albatross" anchored near any locality either permanently or temporarily inhabited by Natives, a delegation of the older men or chief came on board and requested an audience. The powwows which followed invariably took the form of relating the oppression of the white men. At Klinkwan, Chacon, Klakas, Metlakatla, Kasaan, Karta Bay, and, in fact, everywhere, the Indians were greatly exercised over their condition... These streams, under their own administration, for centuries have belonged to cer- tain families or clans settled in the vicinity, and their rights in these streams have never been in- fringed upon until the advent of the whites. No Indians would fish in a stream not their own except by invitation, and they cannot understand how those of a higher civilization would be - as they regard it - less honorable than their own savage kind. They claim the white man is crowding them from their houses, robbing them of their ancestral rights, tak- ing away their fish by shiploads; that their streams must soon become exhausted; that the Indian will have no supply to maintain himself and family, and that starvation must follow. The natives urge that the law prohibiting them from owning mining claims is very hard to endure; that PD500.002 2-6 they wear the same clothes, eat the same food, obey the same laws as the white man, and are far more orderly than the white communities and that they should have the same rights ... The Prince of Wales Indians also complained against the Metlakatla com- munity, stating that the latter are foreigners and come to their island, cut out the best timber, and carry it to their sawmill at Metlakatla... From the Indians' standpoint, their complaints are undoubtedly well founded... My own sympathy is with the Indians and I would gladly recommend, if the way were clear, the establishment of ownership in streams; but it is impracticable, and I can only ask for him a consideration of his claim, and whatever law is framed, that a liberal balance be thrown in his favor. Between 1890 and the foundation of Hydaburg in 1911, let- ters were written from the area's native village leaders to the federal government complaining of the white man's encroachment and of the general lawlessness of the in- truders. It was during this period that the Christian missionaries found a society desperate from the effects of a failing introduction to the cash economy, encroach- ment on resources that had a definite user ownership, and the lack of any of the rights the intruding white man held. The missionaries influenced the native leaders into adopting the white man's culture as the only means by which equity and protection could be reached. The first missionaries, working in the villages, started schools and became the educators to teach the white man's three R's, as well as the Christian religion. They later became agents of the Federal Bureau of Education because of their teacher status. It was during this era that the special reverence and identification of the Haida culture with the environment became depressed. With the missionary-teacher-government agent providing the education to the villages' youth, the white man's religion, language, and government methodology became an assimilated,way of life. Haida culture was lost in attempts to be equal and have the same rights and protection as the intruding peoples. Through these influences, some village leaders were con- vinced that abandonment of the old villages and the forma- tion of a new "model" village would provide the recogni- tion they needed to become citizens and have equality and rights. After much consideration, the site for the new village was narrowed to Hydaburg and Waterfall. Hydaburg was chosen because of its proximity to sockeye streams. In the late fall and early winter of 1911, Haidas from Klinkwan and Howkan moved to Hydaburg to begin carving a new community. The establishment of this community would PD500.002 2-7 further remove the Haidas from the traditional past in an attempt to establish themselves as citizens, both to pro- vide them protection from encroachment and to give them citizens' rights. On June 19, 1912, President Taft signed an executive order creating a 7,800-acre Reserve from the Tongass National Forest for use by the Haida Tribe. This was a vast reduction from the approximately 1 million acres historically controlled by the Haida Tribe. The Territorial Legislature in 1913 permitted whites to incorporate as second class cities. The affecting legisla- .tion, however, prohibited natives and other non-citizens from doing so. By 1915, the efforts of the Haidas and other Alaskan natives to conform to the white man's system convinced the Territorial Legislature to produce session laws establishing rights of natives and requirements for citizenship. Incorporation as a second-class city could then take place. This type of citizenship recognition was an individual effort and required the sponsorship of five white citizens, travel to Ketchikan or Wrangel, and a denouncement of all tribal rights. The Haida leaders, wanting recognition of rights and citizenship for their entire tribe, petitioned Congress on April 27, 1915 to gain citizenship rights. A petition of denouncement and abandonment of all tribal rights was signed by 28 village leaders. Congress never recognized this petition, but in 1924 granted citizenship to all American Indians. The indoctrination of the youth to the white man's systems continued in the school system and by the church. Presi- dent Calvin Coolidge recognized this cultural development and on April 27, 1926, revoked the Executive Order of 1912 that created a 7,800-acre reserve, except for 1.46 acres as a school reserve. This would allow for incorporation as a second-class city under the Haidas' rights of citizenship. On August 27, 1927, President Coolidge excluded 189 acres from the Tongass National Forest to be reserved and disposed of for townsite pur- poses to further city status development. The 1929 ses- sion of the Territorial Legislature repealed the 1915 legislation on incorporation rights, and in 1933 the City of Hydaburg became incorporated as a second class munici- pality. At the expense of denouncing and giving up all tribal rights and control of the land that was discovered and defended in battle against opposing forces, the Haida people had gained a white man's citizenship rights and a municipal form of government. The use and control of the coastal resources still remained a concern of the Haida people. They were witnessing the depletion and degrada- tion of resources they once managed, by miners and canner- ies that claimed exclusive possessory rights. With the amendment of the 1934 Wheeler-Howard Act in 1936, Alaska Natives were able to establish Indian PD500.002 2-8 Reorganization Act (IRA) councils. In 1939, under the direction of a Mr. Lloyd (school teacher-Indian agent) from the Division of Education, Department of the Interior, the first Alaskan Native IRA was formed in Hydaburg. Mr. Lloyd recommended organization to protect natives from white encroachment and to provide for an economic land base. Under the auspices of the Hydaburg IRA, the Department of the Interior was petitioned for formation of a 905,000-acre reservation (roughly the boundaries of the Hydaburg CZM Plan). In 1949, a reservation of 101,000 acres was granted. The Haidas were not allowed the larger area because they could not claim exclusive use and occu- pancy, even though they still utilized the coastal re- sources. In the early 1950's, this reservation was re- voked in a dispute over fish traps on reservation shore- line, because the Haidas again could not prove occupancy on a year-round basis. In the 1950's and early 1960's, the Bureau of Indian Af- fairs tried to establish an economic base through the IRA-Hydaburg Cooperative Association. Loans were given for cannery construction and operation and for development of a fishing fleet. But competition with the other canner- ies' fishtraps, when the Haidas had none, led to the demise of the cannery through default. Today, the Haida people still greatly value the coastal resources that hold a place in their cultural identity and that provide for their existence. The Haidas continue to use and revere these resources, long after the peoples who tried to destroy their significance through indoctri- nation and bureaucratic systems have left "Haida Country." POPULATION The January 1, 1981, Municipal Services Revenue Sharin Program Report prepared by the Alaska Department of Commu- nity and Regional Affairs reports Hydaburg's population as 381. The 1980 official U.S. Census reports the popu- lation as 298. The city believed this figure to be con- siderably low, and was authorized to undertake a recount, which showed a population of 412. Historically, Hydaburg's economy has fluctuated according to the economic conditions of the area. From 1911 to 1950, stable fisheries and cannery operations provided jobs, and the city experienced steady population growth. Following World War II, declining fisheries and canning operations could not support a large population, and out- migration caused a downward population trend that contin- ued until 1968, when Hydaburg's population dropped to a low of 189 persons. In the late 1960's, a period of reasonably good fishing seasons began, precipitating a sharp population increase PD500.002 2-9 until 1976. Passage of The Alaska Native Claims Settle- ment Act in 1971 contributed to this increase by offering prospects of expanded economic opportunities. The past 10 years have also seen the growth of a dynamic community leadership and the acquisition of grant funding to accom- plish substantial community improvements. The population of Hydaburg increased by 78 percent from 1970 to 1980. Table 1 shows population trends in Hydaburg from 1930 to 1982. Table 2 shows population characteristics for 1970 and 1978. The population of Hydaburg is likely to experience con- tinuing growth in the future. Haida Corporation and Sea- laska Corporation and their subsidiaries are.pursuing a variety of economic ventures that could require a sub- stantially increased labor pool, perhaps more than double that now available. Klukwan, Inc. activities in the vicin- ity of Hydaburg and the proposed Natzuhini-Hydaburg road connection could also bring more people into the city (see Economy section). Hydaburg is continuing its at- tempts to improve its housing, schools, and community facilities and services. Following past trends, these increased economic opportunities could result in the immi- gration of Haidas now living outside Hydaburg. Rapid economic development could also bring an influx of non- native workers, changing the traditional population charac- teristics of the community. This relationship between economic and population growth is an essential considera- tion in Hydaburg's future planning decisions. GOVERNMENT A number of governmental and quasi-governmental organiza- tions conduct the business of the community and provide a wide range of services. City of Hydaburg Hydaburg was first incorporated as a city in 1933, and became a first-class city in 1973. The city has a mayor/ council form of government. The mayor is the chief administrator and is directly re- sponsible for conducting the business of the city. He is elected by the residents for a 3-year term. The mayor's administrative duties are: 0 Signs documents as authorized by the city council 0 Appoints employees and officers 0 Supervises the Public Safety Department 0 Supervises Public Works and Engineering Depart- ment 0 Prepares and executes the budget PD500.002 2-10 Table 1 POPULATION TRENDS IN HYDABURG 1930-1982 Percent Year Population Difference Source 1930 319 Community Enterprise Development Corp. Report, 1974 1940 348 +9.0 U.S. Census 1950 353 +1.4 U.S. Census 1960 251 -28.9 U.S. Census 1970 214 -14.7 U.S. Census 1982 412 +92.5 Recount of U.S. Census, 1982 Table 2 HYDABURG POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS Percent Percent Race - 1970 1978 Native 88.3% 86.9% Non-native 11.7% 13.1 Total 100.0% 100.0% Sex Male 56.5% 54.3% Female 43.5 45.7 Total 100.0% 100.0% Age Groups Under 5 years 11.8% 5-11 years 12.3 12-17 years Not available 19.7 18 years and over 56.2 Total 100.0% Source: Annual Progress Report and Two-Year Work Plan, City of Hydaburg, June 1978. PD500.009 2-11 0 Prepares and executes the capital program 0 Prepares the annual report 0 Performs other duties prescribed by the council The mayor has appointed a city administrator to act in his behalf in performing certain duties. This position is not mentioned in state law and has only those powers delegated by the mayor. The city administrator's duties include: 0 Assists the mayor with his duties (above) 0 Assists the mayor with policy planning 0 Attends council meetings and presents informa- tion on administrative operations 0 Assists the mayor with internal administration of city departments and services including de- partmental budgets 0 Assists the mayor with development and implemen- tation of the city's personnel system and admin- isters the city's personnel ordinance 0 Performs other related work as required The 6-member city council is the chief legislative body of the city. It is the ordinance-making authority for the city. The council's responsibilities include allo- cation of the operating capital for all improvements and budgets for the city, including authorization of expendi- tures of public monies. The council also provides direc- tion to the mayor in handling city affairs. There are four appointed and elected groups and persons who function in an advisory role to the council. They are the city clerk/treasurer, the city attorney, the planning and zon- ing commission, and the city school board. As a first-class city, Hydaburg is able to assume diverse municipal powers, as specified in Title 29 of the Alaska Statutes. In general, Hydaburg is empowered to provide public facilities; regulate the operation and use of its public rights-of-way, public facilities and services; and provide for the operation of the city. Hydaburg may: 0 Enforce ordinances and penalize violations 0 Levy taxes 0 Expend money 0 Acquire and control land 0 Establish land use controls and building codes Table 3 shows the specific municipal powers allowed and those now assumed by the city. At present, Hydaburg does not assess any taxes; however, assessment of a sales tax is being considered. Since January 1981, the city has assessed fees for sewer, water, and garbage service; these charges were formerly paid voluntarily. PD500.002 2-12 Table 3 MUNICIPAL POWERS Assumed by Allowed by State Statutes Hydaburg Streets and sidewalks x Sewers and sewage treatment facilities x Harbors, wharves, and other marine facilities x Watercourse and flood control facilities Health services and hospital facilities x Cemeteries x Police protection and jail facilities x Cold storage plants Telephone systems Light, power, and heat Water x Transportation systems Community centers x Libraries x Recreation facilities x Airport and aviation facilities Garbage and solid waste collection and disposal x Fire protection service and facilities x Park facilities x Housing and urban renewal, rehabilitation and development x Preservation, maintenance, and protection of historic sites, buildings, and monuments x Consumer protection Source: DOWL Engineers, North Pacific Aerial Surveys, and Honda Graphics (under contract with Alaska Department of Community and Regional Affairs). Hydaburg. April 1981. PD500.010 2-13 In 1982, Hydaburg adopted an ordinance establishing a Planning and Zoning Commission and providing for its duties, functions, and related procedures. As specified in the ordinance, the Commission will prepare and recom- mend to the City Council a comprehensive plan, a zoning ordinance, and a subdivision ordinance for the City of Hydaburg. Indian Reorganization Act (IRA) Council The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 was amended in 1936 to include Alaska natives. The act states its purpose to be "To conserve and develop Indian lands and resources; to extend to Indians the right to form business and other organizations; to establish'a credit system for Indians; to grant certain rights of home rule to Indians; to pro- vide for vocational education for Indians; and for other purposes." Hydaburg was the first Alaska native village to form an IRA Council. Until Alaska became a state in 1958, the IRA Council was the only political entity in Hydaburg, and it functioned with broad jurisdiction. The IRA Fed- eral corporation charter empowers the village to own and manage all village property; to make contracts; to sue and be sued; to borrow money from the revolving Indian credit fund and use it under a loan contract; and to enter into any business or activity that is necessary or will benefit the village. Other rules and regulations of Hyda- burg's IRA Council are provided by its constitution, bylaws, and corporate charter. The role of the IRA Council in Hydaburg has become lim- ited since the creation of the mayor/council form of gov- ernment in 1958 and the formation of the Haida Corpora- tion in 1971. However, the Federal corporation charter and the IRA Council constitution, bylaws, and charter have never been amended. This results in an overlapping of the jurisdictional powers of the IRA Council, the city council, and the Haida Corporation. Hydaburg Cooperative Association The Hydaburg Cooperative Association (a joint venture of the IRA and BIA) was formed under the auspices of the IRA Council, which was empowered to form business organiza- tions. For a number of years, the association's cannery division operated a salmon cannery. In 1973, the associa- tion leased the plant to Cordova Bay Fisheries for use as � cold storage fish processing operation. Haida Seafoods, � subsidiary of Haida Corporation, acquired the lease and began operating the plant for fish processing and cold storage in 1980. PD500.002 2-14 Alaska Native Brotherhood/Sisterhood The Alaska Native Brotherhood (ANB) and Alaska Native Sisterhood (ANS) are the oldest active organizations in Hydaburg. Before the establishment ofthe IRA Council, they were the main governmental entities of the village. Today, they are strong fraternal and social forces, with a large membership. The primary objectives of the ANB and ANS are to preserve the history and culture, improve the education and business attainments, and improve the health and working conditions of native races. Tlingit and Haida Central Council The Tlingit and Haida Central Council was established in 1935 as an outgrowth of the Alaska Native Brotherhood. The ANB filed a class action suit against the United States on behalf of the Tlingit and Haida Indians for about 20 million acres of land in Southeast Alaska. It was possible, however, that the ANB could not represent Tlingit and Haida Indians in their suit because the ANB's membership also included other natives. The ANB there- fore created the Tlingit and Haida Central Council, which proceeded with the suit. This litigation eventually yielded a $7.5 million settlement--the Tlingit and Haida Land Claim Settlement of 1967. The Central Council was organized to govern and manage the affairs of Tlingit and Haida Indians. Today, its primary activities revolve around proper expenditure of the claims money. The $7.5 million is held in a trust fund and is not used except for unique or special pro- jects. Instead, the Council funds its annual budget of $11 million through state and Federal programs and with interest revenues. The Central Council has developed a six-point plan in the areas of education and skills training; industrial and commercial training; aid to the elderly; community develop- ment; housing assistance; and financing assistance. The programs and projects of the Council are administered by the following Council divisions: 0 Division of Economic and Social Development--- provides assistance and training in community planning, implementation, and management Division of Fisheries and Natural Resources-- enhances native participation and success in fisheries; develops training opportunities in the development and management of fisheries and forestry 0 Manpower Division--coordinates programs in human resources PD500.002 2-15 i I 0 Southeast Alaska Agency--manages programs of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, HUD, and HEW. The Hydaburg Tlingit and Haida Council is one of 18 mem- ber community councils. It chooses delegates to the Cen- tral Council; there is one delegate per 100 population. Delegates meet once a year to discuss matters of impor- tance to natives. Technical assistance is rendered either at the request of a community or at the instigation of the Central Council, depending on the nature of the program. Examples of Fed- eral programs the Council has sponsored in Hydaburg are: CETA, youth employment training programs, Headstart, and housing improvement programs through HUD. Currently, the council is assisting Hydaburg in developing its overall economic development plan (OEDP) for 1981-1982. The Central Council continues to lobby in Congress and the state legislature. Because of its financial resources and region-wide affiliation, it is a strong entity through- out Southeast Alaska. Haida Corporation and Sealaska Corporation Haida Corporation is a village corporation that was formed under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) of 1971. Its purpose is to select land and administer the use of land and money received in accordance with the Act. The 9-member Board of Directors is elected by the stockholders, about 50 percent of whom reside in Hydaburg. With its land ownership and administrative responsibili- ties, Haida Corporation is a strong force in the future of the city and its residents. Sealaska Corporation is one of 13 regional corporations created under ANCSA. It oversees the activities of nine village corporations, including Haida Corporation. Sea- laska owns all the subsurface estates of village lands, as well as the surface and subsurface estates of its own land selections. Stockholders in Haida Corporation are also Sealaska stockholders and are eligible for election to Sealaska's Board of Directors. overall Economic Development Plan (OEDP) Committee The Hydaburg OEDP Committee was organized in 1968. As an advisory planning committee to the city council, it set development priorities for the city and recommended pro- grams to be implemented by the city, Haida Corporation, Sealaska Corporation, the state, and the Tlingit and Haida Central Council. The 1980 OEDP programs and objectives are included in the Economy section of this report. The OEDP Committee is currently inactive. PD500.002 2-16 ECONOHY Employment and Income Traditionally, the Haida people had a predominately sub- sistence economy, with salmon their most important re- source. With European contact came a gradual transition to a cash economy based upon commercial salmon fishing. Since the founding of Hydaburg, commercial fishing and intermittent cannery operations have provided the only major source of employment. The economy of the city and its residents has therefore fluctuated according to the productivity of the salmon harvest. Today, about 90 percent of Hydaburg's work force consists of commercial fishermen. The seasonal and cyclical nature of commercial fishing has resulted in a generally high unemployment rate in Hydaburg. Per capita income is low. However,.traditional and customary natural resource use must also be considered in conjunction with other types of employment. The gathering of traditional food re- sources in the Hydaburg area provides a substantial part of most residents' diet. The economic value of these resources cannot be calculated, but is significant (see also Chapter 4 of this report). The various categorical assistance plans of the State of Alaska (old age assistance, aid to the disabled, aid to dependent children), the general assistance program of the BIA, and the food stamp program provide income or benefits to some Hydaburg families. However, these govern- ment transfer payments contributed only about 7 percent to overall community income from 1972 to 1977 (U.S. Depart- ment of Interior, 1978). Employment opportunities besides fishing are limited in Hydaburg. The city currently employs six workers; several other positions in the city were lost in May 1981 because of cutbacks in CETA funding. Three health workers are funded through SEARHC, and 18 teachers and aides were em- ployed in the schools during the 1980-81 school year. Other employers are Haida Oil (a subsidiary of Haida Corpo- ration, with one full-time and one part-time employee), three family-operated stores, two family-operated restau- rants, Alaska Power and Telephone (one employee), and the U.S. Post Office (one employee). There are also miscella- neous construction projects from time to time, such as road and dock construction. In 1980, Haida Seafoods, a subsidiary of Haida Corpora- tion, leased the cannery and cold storage plant from the Hydaburg Cooperative Association and now employs about 35 seasonal workers in its fish processing and cold storage operation. This is the first of several anticipated new enterprises that will provide considerably greater PD500.002 2-17 employment opportunities in the community, as discussed under Future Corporation Development below. City Revenues The city's total annual operating budget for 1981 was ap- proximately $84,000. Although it is incorporated as a first-class city, Hydaburg does not levy any property tax. In January 1981, the city began to collect utility charges for water, sewer, and garbage collection. For- merly, these charges were paid voluntarily. Hydaburg is considering instituting a sales tax in the near future. It also will acquire revenue from leases if the industrial park proposed for the city is constructed. Hydaburg also receives revenue from the state municipal revenue sharing program; this amounted to $19,098 for fiscal year 1981. City revenues are used for administration, public safety, fire, harbor/water, law enforcement, and public works (sewer, water, solid waste). In 1981, Hydaburg administered a combination of Economic Development Administration (EDA) and state grant funds for several major projects: Construction of a new causeway, landfill, and seaplane float at the dock located next to the fish processing facilities ($1.3 million). 0 Completion of the municipal building basement for jail and police department facilities ($70,000). 0 Weatherization of the Alaska Native Brotherhood Hall and administration of the project ($22,000). 0 Preparation of Phase I of the Hydaburg Coastal Management Program ($70,000 in Federal Coastal Zone Management Program funds, administered through the Alaska Department of Community and Regional Affairs). The city relies heavily on legislative funding requests for community development projects. The city's fiscal year 1981 legislative funding proposal requested state funding for 14 projects over the next 3 years (Table 4). Of these projects, funding was granted for the school gymnasium and repairs, school playground equipment, city road resurfacing, and village public safety officers. PD500.002 2-18 Table 4 CITY OF HYDABURG'S FISCAL YEAR 1981 LEGISLATIVE FUNDING PROPOSAL Project Cost Funding Source Breakwater 3.9 million Municipal grant Natzuhini-Hydaburg road connection 6.4 million DOT City road resurfacing 200@000 DOT Cultural facility 1.1 million Municipal grant School gymnasium and school repairs 3.8 million Dept. of Education School playground equipment 15,000 Municipal grant City service equipment (road grader, dump truck, garbage truck, and police vehicle) 157,000 Municipal grant Youth recreation center equipment 12,000 Municipal grant City health clinic 237,000 Municipal grant Wind energy project 100,000 Alaska Energy study Research Center Village public safety 93,000 Dept. of Public officers (2) Safety State constable Fund at Dept. of Public position state level Safety New water source facility design 50,000 Municipal grant Cemetery rehabilita- tion and enlargement 25,000 Municipal grant 500.011 2-19 Future Corporation Development Hydaburg is located in the middle of Haida corporation's timber lands, and the timber holdings of Sealaska Corpo- ration and Klukwan Inc. lie south of the city. All three corporations plan to increase their timber operations this year. Other business ventures are also planned over the next few years. These corporation programs will have a considerable effect on the economy of Hydaburg. Cur- rent and future corporation ventures are summarized be- low. Haida Seafoods Division is currently operating the fish processing and cold storage facility, with approximately 35 seasonal employees. It is possible that production will be increased and more employees will be required. Haida Seafoods also plans to construct a new specialty seafoods plant in 1983; it will be located on the land- fill recently constructed in conjunction with the new dock causeway. This plant will process other seafoods in addition to salmon and will include a smokery. Its goal is the year-round employment of 36 workers. Haida Timber Division handles Haida Corporation's timber oFe@rations, from identifying cutting units to transport- ing the logs to the log sort yard. Salteri@ Point Dock. Haida Corporation is presently con- structing a dock, sort yard, and log storage facilities at Saltery Point (2 miles south of Hydaburg). This facil- ity could be the primary timber transshipment site for South Prince of Wales Island. The facility could also be used for the shipment and receipt of other goods for the South Prince of Wales area. Haida Oil Products is an existing subsidiary that sup- plies fuel for all of Hydaburg's needs, with the excep- tion of Alaska Power Company's generators. This includes home heating oils, gasoline, diesel, and other refined oil products. The increased activities that are foreseen in the area will create a higher fuel demand. The company therefore plans to expand its storage capability to serve the operations of the three corporations and accommodate other community needs. Hydaburg--Natzuhini Road Connection. Sealaska Corpora- tion and Haida Corporation are proposing to construct a road segment from Hydaburg to the mouth of the Natzuhini as part of the Prince of Wales Island road system. Once the road is built, the Alaska Department of Transporta- tion (DOT) would reimburse the construction cost and be responsible for operation and maintenance. This segment would complete road linkage from Hydaburg to Hollis, Craig, PD500.002 2-20 and Klawock to the north. Residents of Hydaburg would be able to obtain goods and services from these communities and would also have direct access to the ferry service at Hollis and air service at Klawock. Although primarily a logging road, this connection could greatly increase other traffic through Hydaburg. It could reduce the cost of goods sold in Hydaburg because of cheaper transportation costs. It is estimated that 14 workers would be required for the road construction. The 1982 legislative funding request for DOT reimburse- ment funds for this project was not granted. Sealaska Corporation and Klukwan, Inc. Although Sealaska and Klukwan will hire most of their employees from other cities in the area, some may come from Hydaburg. In ad- dition, these corporations' logging operations in the vicinity will bring workers in and out of Hydaburg and will place an additional demand on the city's services. According to Haida Corporation's estimate, the current Hydaburg work force totals 115, of which about 80 will seek employment other than fishing. Planned corporation developments will eventually require additional employees to be imported from outside the community. If the city's proposed community development projects are funded, they will also create jobs. In addition, secondary sources of employment and revenue will be created from needed commu- nity services such as housing, restaurants, hotels, and social services. The immigration of workers and their families to fill these positions could dramatically in- crease Hydaburg's population within a few years, possibly up to double its current size. Overall Economic Development Plan The Hydaburg Overall Economic Development Plan (OEDP) Committee formulated a long-range strategy to improve the city's economy. The long-term goal is to diversify the economy using local timber, fishery, recreational, and human resources to provide full-time employment. Another goal is to encourage Haidas living outside Hydaburg to return and participate in the expanding labor market. Programs to implement these goals were recommended in the 1979-1980 Overall Economic Development Plan. Implementa- tion of the programs would be a joint effort among the city, Haida corporation, Sealaska Corporation, the state, and the Tlingit and Haida Central Council. The recommended 1980 OEDP programs and objectives are listed below. Many of these projects are underway, were submitted in the city's 1981 legislative funding proposal, or are part of Haida Corporation's development plans, as discussed previously. PD500.002 2-21 1. Construction of an industrial park and a deep water port. 2. Upgrading and expansion by Haida Corporation of the cold storage and cannery facility to uti- lize other marine resources. 3. Construction by the city of a causeway and ap- proach to the municipal dock (recently com- pleted). The dock will service the cannery and specialty seafoods plant. 4. Construction of a specialty seafoods plant by Haida Corporation. The plant will process other seafoods besides salmon to encourage year-round employment and will include a smokery. 5. Construction by Haida Corporation and Sealaska Corporation of a 51-2-mile section of road to connect Hydaburg to the Prince of Wales road system. 6. Construction by the city of a Haida cultural center and museum. 7. Development by the city and Haida Corporation of a small business development center in the area southeast of the Hydaburg fire hall. Estab- lishment of small businesses to serve the commu- nity would be encouraged by providing the land, buildings, and other necessary infrastructure. 8. Completion by the city of police and fire facili- ties, particularly construction of a jail in the basement of the municipal building (cur- rently underway). Application for funding to staff a public safety office. 9. Completion by the city of a coastal zone manage- ment plan to protect areas of special use and to prepare for the reconveyance of 1,280 acres from Haida Corporation to the city. LAND USE Existing land use in Hydaburg is shown on Figure 3. The topography of the land is generally either flat or gently sloping in the vicinity of the city core. Most of the developed land hugs the shoreline in a strip approximately 1 mile long and 600 feet wide. Single-family residential use predominates on the land closest to the water. Most residential land is subdivided into 7,000- to 8,000-square- foot lots. There are some vacant lots along the water- front where a few dilapidated houses have been abandoned. PD500.002 2-22 is wofimt - I.Pom-ted, vi imut. by rod.14 to Zo,m MmWmnt pi,o,,mo Impimo-tation HYDABURG CO PORATE .-Ts F= (P.1. 92183, So.. 300 aanted w the Sum & Aladia by ffie Office of Comml Zwo M-W-1, N -A 0moo'. mid A-teph- " -`@& Dmoi@ Admi.homi., U of Co.- Omarry Site nn- IND p -Y I I& LietclUl Isim R IND, K" p'.,o..ea S@ibd4q@,- Fl@ xl@@"'\ X., V 4+1H 181 A, - /-'; / lld'P,4@ ,, BCA'r I-A' A c Haid. WD V/ Vl@ J P.-r & A V, zF V A, ST. '\ N i eI5@pmo@nt bite Rec K ::@'5zW ji C11 rea ment R ql@ c SUKKWAN STRAIT IN, c WD----4 IN SOURCE: CH2M.'HILL - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - RESIDENTIAL FCH@ CHURCH HYDABURG COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM COMMERCIAL PUBLIC SERVICES BLOCK N 7D WATER DEPENDEN7 LOT NUM CHWUHILL 1981/1982 F IND] INDUSTRIAL Fw BASE MAP SOURCE: 1951 USGS, F@t 300 C,a,g IA 2 &,A 3), Alaska. O"q...I S@ 1 1" = I Mile or 1: 63,3860 RECREATION PROPOSED STREET LEVATI The Hydaburg River is a clear salmon-bearing stream that bisects the city. The municipal building is just to the southeast of the river. To the north is a cluster of public facilities, including the schools, library, gymna- sium, and Totem Park. Industrial use is concentrated on the waterfront in the eastern part of the city, where the cannery, seafood plant, warehouses, and float plane base are located. The city recently rebuilt the dock, upgraded the causeway and dock approach, and landfilled the waterfront near the cannery. The source of fill material is a rock quarry located next to Quarry Loop Road in the eastern part of the city. Hydaburg's marina, where the commercial fishing vessels are moored, is located on the western side of the city. A few commercial uses are scattered throughout the city; these include two grocery stores, two restaurants, a gift shop, a general merchandise store, and a recreational business. Most of them are family-operated businesses located in or near a private residence. The street system runs the length of the city. Residen- tial, commercial, and industrial areas are accessible by road. The streets are unpaved and are maintained by the city. At present, there are no formal land use plans, zoning regulations, or building codes in existence. The city is in the process of developing ordinances for zoning and other functions. Land status within the district is shown on Figure 4. HOUSING There are about 120 single-family and 4 multiple-family dwellings in Hydaburg. Of these, 16 are modular, 13 are mobile homes, 1 is of log construction, and the rest are of wood-frame construction. Two bunkhouses are located near the fish processing facility complex and are used by temporary workers. A 15-unit apartment building, built in 1978 under a HUD-funded program, was originally in- tended for elderly housing. It now serves as subsidized housing for mostly non-elderly residents because of lack of demand by the elderly. In 1970, the U.S. census report showed 63 housing units in Hydaburg. The 1970-1971 OEDP progress report for Hyda- burg described the city's housing units as "predominately substandard and deteriorating or delapidated.... 11 The city began a concerted effort to improve its housing stock. In 1971, the Tlingit and Haida Housing Authority received approval and funding for construction of 160 housing units PD500.002 2-25 under HUD's Turnkey III Program. Hydaburg received 40 of these homes, which were built in 1974 and 1975. The homes range from 2 to 5 bedrooms each, and had a cost per unit of from $44,000 to $71,000, for a total value of $2.2 million. By 1976, nearly $125,000 was also spent to improve the roofing, foundations, interiors, and exteriors of 60 homes. Funding came from the Tlingit and Haida Central Council, State of Alaska, and City of Hydaburg. A housing survey was undertaken in 1982 as part of the coastal management program. The survey shows the type of structure and general condition (including plumbing, skirt- ing, energy efficiency, structural soundness, safety con- dition, roof type and condition, and electrical system) for all dwellings. Figure 5 shows city housing by type. Complete survey results are included in Appendix D. While the average number of persons per dwelling unit is approximately 3, a relatively low number, there is still serious overcrowding in some units because of family com- position and the number of rooms per unit. Existing hous- ing in Hydaburg would be inadequate to accommodate new residents and transient or seasonal workers. PUBLIC FACILITIES AND SERVICES Health and Social Services Hydaburg's health clinic building was built in 1966 and remodeled in 1977. It was built at city expense and is now leased to the Indian Health Service, an arm of the U.S. Public Health Service. The clinic occupies one-half of the single-story building; the other half is used as an apartment and has a separate entrance. The clinic contains about 1,000 square feet and consists of a large examination room, a small examination room, an office, a waiting room, and two restrooms. Two full-time health aides, a full-time alcohol counse- lor, and a community health representative, funded by the Southeast Alaska Regional Health Corporation (SEARHC), staff the clinic. SEARHC is a regional, non-profit health care organization that is funded partly by the Indian' Health Service and partly with state money. It provides preventative and primary health care services to nine communities in the southeast region of Alaska. Approximately 12 patients are seen between 9:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. each day. The clinic staff is in telephone communication with the Mt. Edgecumbe Public Health Ser- vice Hospital. PD500.002 2-26 T , 1, l- ,, .p-o,d, i. p-, by Fado,al C -1 Z-91vi-ageo,oo, P,,g,,o, popt-a-tion F.@ d, ll`@L. 2 SB3, So,. 3061 9,,otad to the 11 HYDABURG CO 'o State of Al,@a by the Offioe. of C.,,t,l Zone M ... @.-, N.fi.oal Coo- a.d A-ph@,io Ad=o-tw, U.S. Depa-- of C..-m. I I % 0"'rv Site QQq oisl. /P 7 t d Sa,ita@ A I" L-cifill I L 11 Site 1 7 site 'N Tank x@ N C iWod'.. Sall F ield I 8T' EXIENSION - - l,' I Ala@ z Telok r "I Hall -- -- , @ / " , '/ - ;/ . , _o,nIo/ p-1.pro Tideland Lem ent Site 81111 91 co'@" DELAND 30U%0A RY TI (Z) ra 7 u. r IS, T,ea-en SUKKWAIV STRAIT Tideland Lease <61, I-------------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - HYDABURG COASTAL ZONE NATIVE RESTRICTED ACT OF SCHOOL TRACT A MANAGEMENT PROGRAM MAY 25, 1926 ACT OF AUGUST 23, 1950 T" ""a" L .1 Al CH2M::HILL 1981 1982 NATIVE UNRESTRICTED ACT OF PATENTED TIDELANDS A.S. 38.05.320 BASE(MAP SOURCE 1951 USGS, MAY 5, 1926 & FEBRUARY 26, 1948 (City of Hydaburg) 0 Feel 300 Cr ilig A 2 & A 31, Alaska. 0 lgiri 'd Scale I" I Wide o,' 1 63,360 _j NON-NATIVE ACT OF MARCH 3, 1891 TIDELAND LEASES 10 Tb,@ P,.i-- - @.P-ted, in -,, by F0=.I HYDABL)RG CORPORATE LIMITS C@staiZ,,eMs,age,n,ntP,,g,o,impl, tav.. F.nd@ P.L 11.11 See. ,l, he 11 St.. .1 ..he b he Offi@ .1 C..,,.J Z,ne Mana@-Ient, 0.ani. and Aln-ph@ne AdIni D.,a,,.,.nl f C-n.- U Ouar,y Site 4-Y cole -,@t S1, IT ,d Sanitary,,' Propo a IZZ, Landl Site SI Landfill ,[email protected] S@bbr,jiicn eal. nk Held. J I JLJL-@ L-I-J N N ST. ST. NSION Marine Pnopoeed@Ccanme,eiat it Site "an ETlDELAfJD-- I @) c UNDA to ...... ,antatmant HI SUKKWAN STRAIT 020, %t ne, 14 N - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - HYDABURG COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM WOOD FRAME CH2M::HILL 198111982 MODULAR LOG ... e.......... 1. WATER LINE BASE MAP SOURCE: 1951 USGS, C, g IA 2 & A 3), Ala,ka, 0 Fw 300 011@9,@al S al@ V - I We F@-\11 ., 1. 63,C360 fa MOBILE EE SURVEY CODE (See Text) SEWER Ll @E Itinerant nurses from the State of Alaska spend 3 to 4 days a month in Hydaburg. A Public Health Service physi- cian makes four visits a year, and a Public Health Service dentist makes two visits a year. Patients needing more comprehensive medical sources must go to Ketchikan, which has a 92-bed general medical/acute care/surgical hospital. Patients requiring major surgery are transferred to a hospital in Seattle. The City of Hydaburg's FY 1981 legislative funding pro- posal included a $237,000 municipal grant request for design and construction of a new health clinic. The city considers the existing clinic to have structural defects (faulty wiring, inadequate heat, poor design) and inade- quate space to properly serve its patients. The city also cites its anticipated population growth and corre- sponding expansion of health/social service programs as reasons for the new clinic. Funding was not granted this year. Education The Hydaburg Public School System is located on a unified campus site next to Totem Park. The elementary school, housing grades K-6, was constructed in 1963. It is a single- story frame building containing three general classrooms, one special education classroom, and one native arts room. Attached to the elementary school is a multi-purpose room measuring 56 x 82 feet; it also is a frame structure. This room is used for many purposes: a gymnasium for both elementary and high school students, an auditorium, a lunch room, and a meeting room for a variety of community activities. In 1974, a library/learning resource center was built to serve both the elementary and high schools and the commu- nity. The library contains spaces that are used for sup- plementary education and Haida language instruction. The community vocational education/science classroom build- ing was completed in 1979. Since 1976, it has housed the high school, which includes grades 7-12. The building contains one general classroom, two shops, one home eco- nomics room, one business education room, one science classroom, and one photography darkroom. It has also been used for adult basic education programs. The campus site also includes a dirt playground area, a softball field, and areas for outdoor tennis and basket- ball courts. In 1981, 100 students were enrolled in the elementary and high schools. The elementary school staff consisted of three certified general teachers, one special education teacher, one reading and mathematics teacher funded PD500.002 2-31 through the Title I supplementary education program, three instructional aides, and two full-time classified teachers (non-certified) teaching natives arts and the Haida language. The high school had a staff of six teachers, one school superintendent, and one principal/counselor. A librarian and an adult basic education instructor were funded through CETA; these positions lost their funding at the end of the year, and it is not known if funding will be available for them in 1982. The school district has no difficulty in recruiting needed staff, most of whom come from outside Hydaburg. The Rural Alaska Community Action Program conducts a Head- start preschool for Hydaburg children at the Alaska Native Brotherhood (ANB) Hall. Approximately 17 children were enrolled in 1981. The staff consisted of two teachers, one cook, and one custodian. The school system receive s funding from the city, state, and Federal governments. Its total operating budget in 1980-81 was $644,794. Of this, $2,500 was local funding; this low level is because there is no local tax base. The educational program in Hydaburg has four primary goals: basic skills, vocational/technical skills, physical/recrea- tion skills, and native language/culture. Generally small classes are available in most subject areas, and individ- ualized instruction is provided where possible. Special remedial programs are provided in the early school years to enable students to master fundamental skills. In February 1981, a report titled H daburg High School Facilities Survey and Analysis was prepared for the Hyda- burg City School District by the South East Regional Resource Center. This report identifies inadequacies in school facilities and recommends repairs and construction needed to meet Hydaburg's educational goals. These recom- mendations are: 0 Construction of a new gymnasium complex to accom- modate student physical education programs and community recreational needs. The existing multi-purpose room is drastically inadequate for the use it supports. A new gymnasium will free the multipurpose room for other educational and community activities. The school board and the Hydaburg City Council have designated this as the highest priority need. 0 Resurfacing (tar coating) of the elementary school and multipurpose room roofs. PD500.002 2-32 0 Reconstruction of the elementary school and multi-purpose room exterior walls. 0 Expansion and improvement of existing kitchen storage space to accommodate the supplies needed for the hot lunch program. 0 Rewiring of the on-campus 30-kW emergency power generator so it can supply electricity to school facilities during blackouts of the community generation system. The city's FY 1981 legislative funding proposal included a request for a $3.8 million grant from the Department of Education for these recommended repairs and construction. The city also requested a $15,000 municipal grant for the purchase and shipping of playground equipment to develop the outdoor play area. Both of these requests were granted. The Hydaburg High School Facilities Survey and Analysis projects a total school enrollment of 150 students by 1985, assuming a 1985 population of 600 residents. This projection is based on a current (1981) school enrollment of 100. The report states, however, that the 1985 enroll- ment projection is conservative. With the recommended improvements, the existing school facilities have a total capacity of 150 students. J Fire and Police Protection The Hydaburg Volunteer Fire Department was.organized in 1971. The city owns a mini-pumper truck, a pickup truck, and two portable pumps. Water is pumped from hydrants located throughout the city. In 1975, a smoke alarm was installed in most homes in the city, and in 1978 a fire hall was built. The fire hall is currently being com- pleted through a municipal aid appropriation. The city has 12 volunteer fire fighters who have received training in the proper use and handling of the equipment and in fighting fires. The fire insurance rating in Hydaburg is 8. The city's firefighting capability is sufficient for current conditions. Hydaburg has a local police department. Two public safety officers are funded by the state. A state grant is cur- rently enabling completion of a jail and police depart- ment facilities in the basement of the municipal build- ing. The city's FY 1981 legislative funding request for a state constable position and for purchase of a police vehicle was not granted. The City has appropriated monies from the municipal aid program for vehicle purchase. PD500.002 2-33 Electricity and Fuel Supply Electrical power and distribution is provided to the City of Hydaburg by the Alaska Power and Telephone Company (AP&T) of Port Townsend, Washington. Fees for electrical service are paid directly to AP&T by the users. All homes have electrical power. The generating capacity of the AP&T system is 730 kW, provided by two 200-kW, two 90-kW, and two 75-kW diesel generators. Although the system is sufficient to meet current demands, low voltage and power fluctuation are problems. The cost of elec- tricity in 1980 averaged $0.19/kW-hour. The fish processing facility operated by Haida Corpora- tion has an independent system consisting of one 60-kW and two 500-kW generators. This capacity is sufficient for its future needs. In 1977, a study of hydroelectric potential for 10 vil- lages in southeast Alaska was conducted for the Tlingit and Haida Central Council and the Alaska Power Authority by Retherford Associates of Anchorage. The study esti- mated future electrical demand for Hydaburg (not includ- ing the fish processing facility), as summarized below: Year kW Demand 1981 386 1985 488 1990 653 1995 874 Considering future demand in Hydaburg and other communi- ties and the cost of diesel generation, the study evalu- ated the technical and economic feasibility of hydroelec- tric generation as an alternative. Preliminary inves- tigation showed that an intertie system linking Hydaburg, Craig, and Klawock was the only feasible development for the south end of Prince of Wales Island. Two potential sites were identified: Black Bear Lake (outside the plan- ning area, about 8 miles east of Klawock) and Reynolds Creek (inside the planning area, about 9 miles east of Hydaburg). Further engineering, economic, and environmental inves- tigations were then conducted. Reynolds Creek drains three lakes: Lake Mellen, Summit Lake, and Lake Marge. Hydroelectric projects on each lake were evaluated, as well as a transbasin diversion from Lake Josephine (located on Portage Creek). The conclusion of these studies was that Black Bear Lake is the most cost- effective alternative and has the least environmental impact. It will have an installed capacity of 6,000 kW, and at full production will generate 23,700 MWh in an PD500-002 2-34 average year. Firm power output will be 4,000 kW and firm energy generation will be 22,000 MWh per year. Once implemented, this project is expected to meet the area's electrical needs through the 19801s. If the area's needs then exceed the capacity of the Black Bear project, Rey- nolds Creek could again be considered. The city is also interested in determining the feasibility of alternative energy sources. The FY 1981 legislative budget proposal included a $100,000 grant request from the Alaska Energy Resource Center for a wind power feasi- bility and engineering study; both electrical generation and water pumping feasibility would be evaluated. Funding was not granted for FY 1981. The city is also interested in low-head hydroelectric development at the Hydaburg River dam site. A third alternative the city would like to investigate in the future is the production of elec- tricity from wood wastes. Most homes in Hydaburg are heated by wood; the rest use oil or a combination of wood and oil. Haida Oil Products supplies oil, gas, and diesel for all of the community except the Alaska Power Company generators. Its storage reserves consist of two 20,000-gallon tanks for #2 die- sel, one 20,000-gallon tank for #1 diesel, and two 10,000- gallon tanks for gasoline. The fish processing facility has separate tankage. Fuel is delivered by barge approx- imately every 3 weeks. The average cost of oil in early 1980 was $1.32/gallon for stove oil, diesel fuel #1, and diesel fuel #2; gasoline cost $1.33/gallon. Haida Oil plans to increase its gasoline storage capacity by 50 percent and double its diesel storage capacity to accom- modate the anticipated future demand resulting from the city's economic development. communications Most homes in Hydaburg have telephone service, which is provided by ALASCOM via a microwave system. Airline agents also have radio phones, and most fishing vessels have marine radio phones. Television is provided by satellite, with four commercial stations and the Alaska Public Service Station. Mail and newspapers are delivered daily by air. Water, Sewer, and Solid Waste Hydaburg's water, sewer, and solid waste systems are oper- ated and maintained by the city's Public Works Department. A public works foreman is funded through the city's munici- pal revenue sharing funds. The city currently charges a utility service fee of $15.00/month per household. PD500.002 2-35 The municipal water is drawn from the Hydaburg River at an elevation of about 30 feet (MLLW), through a 4-inch well screen 4 feet below the existing river bed. The well screen is based on rock with select gravel cover. The treatment plant is small and houses a pump and a gas chlorinator. The water is chlorinated as it is pumped to the storage tank. The storage tank is of woodstave con- struction, has a capacity of 100,000 gallons, and sits at an elevation of 110 feet at bottom of the tank. The tank sits on the ground, on a hill next to the existing land- fill, some 750 feet from the treatment plant. Distribu- tion is through 4- and 6-inch mains, and fire hydrants are located throughout the city (see Figure 5). The present system was built in 1973, and was designed to deliver 700 gallons per minute (gpm). However, the sys- tem presently can only deliver about 150 gpm with a 7 hp pump, and 170 gpm with a 10 hp pump. The system cannot meet water demands during high usage periods, typically associated with the fish processing plant operations. Existing pressure is inadequate to service a new residen- tial subdivision that is being developed to meet the in- creased housing demands. The city is currently conducting a water supply study. The four alternatives to be evaluated are: 1) upgrade the existing Hydaburg River system; 2) develop a new sys- tem on the Hydaburg River in the same location as the old dam system; 3) develop a new system at a shallow lake located north of the city; and 4) develop a new system at a high lake located east of Hydaburg (near Deer Bay). The City of Hydaburg has a Surface Water Allocation Per- mit from the state that allows for the use'of 800,000 gpd of Hydaburg River water. The proposed water study is essential at this time, as the city's supply will continue to experience problems until a more advanced system is brought on-line. The city's sewage collection and treatment system was funded by the U.S. Public Health Service and completed in 1977. Before that time, raw sewage was channeled into Sukkwan Strait and removed by tidal action. The current underground system of sewer mains collects sewage from the entire community. The collection system is gravity flow except for two lift stations that pump sewage from north and south Hydaburg (see Figure 5). The secondary treatment plant includes a rotating biological disc, a clarification tank, and a digester. Treated effluent is piped into Sukkwan Strait through an 800-foot outfall. The design flow of the system is 90,000 gallons per day. This would accommodate a population of up to 600, exclud- ing any industrial users. No industrial users exist at PD500.002 2-36 present; the fish processing facility discharges fish wastes directly into Sukkwan Strait. The sewage treatment facility is poorly located in a resi- dential area. The facility has several operation and maintenance problems and occasionally causes odors. The city would like to move the plant, possibly to the pro- posed industrial park. Relocation would be expensive, however, requiring new pipe routes and lift stations; it is therefore considered a long-term solution. More imme- diate measures that could be taken would be proper opera- tion and maintenance of the plant at its current location. Door-to-door solid waste pickup is made twice weekly. The city operates a landfill located above the city's water intake from the Hydaburg River. Because of poor drainage, rainwater often ponds on the site; the collected water then seeps into the river and may degrade the water quality. The city proposes to relocate the landfill to a site adjacent to the proposed industrial park. This would require a permit from the Department of Environmental @onservation (DEC). The city's FY 1981 legislative fund- ing request for purchase of a new garbage truck was not granted this year. Cemetery Hydaburg's cemetery is a municipal facility located on @raditional Haida land on Cemetery Island. It has been in existence since the founding of Hydaburg, and is main- tained by Hydaburg residents and families of the deceased. There is no more uncleared burial space available within the cemetery. The city asked for a $25,000 municipal grant in its FY 1981 legislative funding proposal for cemetery rehabilitation and enlargement. This money would be used for the labor and materials necessary to clear more land and re-mark graves. Funding was not granted for FY 1981. Other Public Facilities Other public facilities in Hydaburg are the municipal of- fice building; Federal post office (with one full-time employee); Alaska Native Brotherhood Hall; Presbyterian and Assembly of God churches; Totem Park; City dock and causeway; city warehouse; boat harbor; street system; and BIA road system. TRANSPORTATION Hydaburg's transportation system is composed of three main elements: the road and street system; the marine system; and the air system (see Figure 6). These systems have been developed over the years by local, state, and Federal government participation. The operation and PD500.002 2-37 maintenance of various elements of the system are governed through leases and direct ownership obligations by these varying levels of government. Road and Street System The City of Hydaburg road system has evolved over the years from a boardwalk system to the existing streets and road system. With the decay and dilapidation of the board- walk, a footpath was constructed through local efforts. It consisted of an overlayment of beach sand without exca- vation. With the advent of motor vehicles, the footpath was widened and used as a city street. This type of con- struction has caused many problems: 1. Potholing of roads because of lack of adequate base 2. Road width exceeding dedicated boardwalk right- of-way 3. Roads without dedicated right-of-way 4. Inadequate drainage Recent road construction has been of an improved quality. overburden has been removed, and "shot rock" fill has been put in place to develop a good road base. This has then been surfaced with crushed rock to provide a good driveable road system. The drainage system has been im- proved with sloped ditches and culvert installation. Two-inch crushed rock has been laid and compacted into the beach sand roads to develop a solid base. The city has recently begun a project to crush and put in place a 3/411 minus rock surface on the original beach sand roads. These new construction and improvements are combined ef- forts of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Road Division; State of Alaska Department of Transportation, Local Ser- vice Roads and Trails Program; and the City of Hydaburg. There is one bridge in the local road system, built in 1938. It is of concrete abutment, steel girder, and wooden deck construction, built to a one-lane width and 10-ton minus capacity. Hydaburg is not now connected by road to any other island communities. Sealaska Corporation and Haida Corporation are proposing to construct a road segment from Hydaburg to the mouth of the Natzuhini as part of the Prince of Wales Island road system. Once the road is built, DOT would reimburse the construction cost and be responsible for operation and maintenance. This segment would com- plete road linkage from Hydaburg to Hollis, Craig, and Klawock to the north. Residents of Hydaburg would be PD500.002 2-38 HYDABURG CORPORATE LIM11S Qua't,, Site q@ Proposed Prince of Wales Road System Connection & Maintainance Facility Sir NW L@@' S't'e"", -A I.nitill isie j Otnk Boat Harbor F acility acilit f Bait Fj1d t V 8TS E (tlip4SION Altk. Fi,, 'V' _P@ mposed A I D-Iopmert@,te V r"It I DELAND Proposed BOUND@ 91 S1h 2i; Boat Harbor Facility Breakwaters N r N, Nam J-Hydaburg River Bridge PROPOSED FOR REPLACEMENT SUKKWAN STRAIT roposed _@ity Dock @rocessin Seaplane Float C n ery Dock, Causeway & Warehouse Facilit -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - STREET & ROAD SYSTEM HYDABURG COASTAL ZONE DEDICATED STREETS UNBUILT MANAGEMENTPROGRAM DEDICATED STREETS BUILT City Owned CHMMILL. 1981/1982 DEDICATED STREETS & ROADS PROPOSED FACILITIES 8ASE MAP SOURCE: 1951 USGS, Craig (A-2 & A-3). Alaska, BIA Owned 0 Feet 300 Barge Unloading Facility, City Dock & Original Scale 1" = I Mile or 1: 63.360 NON-DEDICATED STREETS BUILT Seafood Processing Faciltiy Breakwater, F71 City Owned & Boat Harbor Facility Breakwaters able to obtain goods and'services from these communities and would also have direct access to the ferry service at Hollis and air service at Klawock. The 1981 legislative funding request for DOT reimbursement funds for this proj- ect was not granted. It is anticipated that other road systems will be con- structed in the Hydaburg vicinity in conjunction with future logging operations. Marine System Barge and boat service is available year-round from Ketchi- kan and Seattle to transport supplies to Hydaburg. Deliv- eries are made from Ketchikan every 2 weeks and from Seattle once a month, except in December and January. Supplies are taken from the dock to the point of delivery upon arrival. Locally based fishing boats are used for transportation to nearby island communities. The larger boats are oc- casionally taken to Ketchikan or Seattle, but this is usually done only for service or repairs and is not the usual mode of transportation. The Alaska Marine Highway is a state-operated ferry boat system that provides marine transportation throughout Southeast Alaska. The ferry terminal closest to Hydaburg is at Hollis on the eastern shore of Prince of Wales Island. The Ketchikan-Hollis run is made three times a week. There is now no road connection from Hydaburg to Hollis, a distance of about 20 miles. The proposed Hydaburg-Natzuhini road segment (see Land above) would connect Hydaburg to Hollis and would make scheduled, reli- able ferry service available to Hydaburg residents and businesses. Ferry service between Hydaburg and Ketchikan is not con- sidered feasible by state transportation planners. Mari- time regulations would require that a boat entering Dixon Entrance be suitable for sailing on the high seas. The ferry boats currently serving small communities do not meet these required standards. The vessels that serve larger Alaska communities out of Seattle are seaworthy, but are not likely to schedule stops at small communities such as Hydaburg. The City of Hydaburg marine system has developed from small wooden catwalk dock facilities and individual off- shore mooring to a concrete causeway and dock facility and a tie-up boat harbor float system. In 1974, the city received a grant from the U.S. Depart- ment of Commerce, Economic Development Administration, to construct the city dock and warehouse facility. The dock PD500.002 2-41 has a 15-ton prestressed concrete deck on concrete pil- ings. The 401 by 701 warehouse is of wood frame construc- tion on a 15-ton prestressed concrete deck on concrete pilings. In 1980, the boat harbor float facility was completed by the State of Alaska Department of Transportation, Divi- sion of Harbors. The float system has 136 stalls for boats ranging from skiffs to 601. There is electricity available at the stalls and an overhead lighting system for night convenience. Included in the facility is a tidal grid for small boat bottom maintenance. The facil- ity is leased by the City of Hydaburg from the State of Alaska and is governed by the Boat Harbor Ordinance. In 1981, the city finished construction of the causeway facility, which allows access from the land to the city dock. This project was funded by a municipal grant from the State of Alaska. The causeway is constructed of a 20-ton prestressed concrete dock on 1/211 wall steel pil- ings and connects the city warehouse by HS20 concrete paving atop a shotrock landfill. Hydaburg's marine facilities are currently unprotected from the wave action caused by storms and wind-related water movement. The city's FY 1981 legislative funding proposal included a $3.9 million municipal grant request for engineering and construction of breakwaters to pro- tect these facilities and reduce the cost of their up- keep. The breakwaters would be maintained under the Hydaburg port facilities budget. Funding was not granted for FY 1981. Air System Hydaburg has a seaplane base with an east/west approach, 5,000 feet long and 2,000 feet wide. It is accessible from the city causeway and occupies tidelands leased from the City of Hydaburg. The facility is owned and main- tained by the State of Alaska Department of Transporta- tion. The facility was refurbished in 1981 with a new approach float to the docking facility and new steel pil- ing to hold it in place. It is available for both pri- vate and commercial seaplanes. Air service to Ketchikan, 46 miles away, is provided sev- eral times daily by Tyee Airlines and Sea-air; these flights sometimes stop in Klawock and Craig, as well. Special unscheduled charters are also available. The commuter planes carry four to six passengers, small freight, and the mail pouch. Tyee and Sea-air each have one employee in Hydaburg, who report local weather con- ditions to Ketchikan by radio and handle ticket purchase, baggage, and passenger pickup and delivery. PD500.002 2-42 The round-trip fare between Hydaburg and Ketchikan is high, currently over $90. Flights are often cancelled because of inclement weather. Connecting flights to other destinations in Alaska and to other states can be made in Ketchikan. The Southeastern Alaska Transportation Plan, a report published n June 1980 by the Alaska Department of Trans- portation and Public Facilities, discusses possible con- struction of an airstrip in Hydaburg. The airstrip would support the conversion of scheduled air service from float planes to more efficient aircraft equipped with wheel landing gear; this would increase service opportunities for Hydaburg and other communities on Prince of Wales Island. No specific development plans have yet been made. A community workshop was held by the Department of Trans-* portation on April 12, 1982, in Hydaburg for local resi- dents to identify transportation concerns. The following list was developed by residents at the workshop. The list was then recommended by the Hydaburg Coastal Zone Management Plan Committee to the Hydaburg City Council as the future transportation concerns of the City of Hydaburg. On May 4, 1982, the Hydaburg City Council moved to iden- tify the following as transportation concerns within the City of Hydaburg: 1. Road and Street System 0 Upgrading and surfacing with 3/411 minus crushed rock 0 New bridge over Hydaburg River on Main Street, HS 20 spec. 241 width with sidewalk 0 Traffic control signing & Street naming and signing 0 Full development of subdivision streets (new areas) 0 Purchase of necessary road maintenance equip- ment 0 Appropriation or procurement of contract monies to provide year-round maintenance 0 Northerly and southerly access to Prince of Wales road system 0 Required off-street residential parking 0 Development of business district and boat har- bor parking lots 0 Pavement with sidewalks 2. Marine System 0 Breakwater protection--fish processing facility area and small boat harbor area 0 Barge facility--roll on-off capacity, all tide PD500.002 2-43 0 Small boat launching ramp 0 Tidal grid--1001 length, 200 tonnage capacity 0 Adequate crane system on city dock 0 Enforcement of harbor ordinance 0 Development of maintenance schedule and plan for port facilities 0 Adequate navigation aid system 3. Air System 0 Heli-pad 0 Electronic locator and navigational aid system 0 Float plant airport and passenger waiting, ticketing, and freight RECREATIONAL, HISTORIC, ARCHAEOLOGICAL, AND SCENIC RESOUR- CES Recreation, historic, archaeological, and scenic resources within the district are shown on Figure 7. The City of Hydaburg has five facilities that are available for commu- nity recreational use. Most of these facilities are also jointly used by the Hydaburg City School District, and are available only after school hours and after school priority use, 1. Grade school multipurpose room--used for basketball, volleyball, and gymnastics. There is also a stage for theatrical productions. 2. Baseball field--not completely finished; has area for baseball, football, soccer, and archery. 3. Grade School playground--will be improved by a $15,000 municipal grant in 1982. Has swings, slides, monkey bars, and teeter-totters for grade school and pre-school children. 4. Tennis Court--can be used as two basketball courts or one tennis court. 5. Community gymnasium--to be completed in 1983; funded by a municipal grant. Will have facilities for bas- ketball, weight training, wrestling, and volleyball. There is one commercial recreation facility that has two pool tables and a juke box. This is a favorite youth congregation area. The city is requesting a community building from the Tlingit and Haida Housing Authority. The city has re- quested space in the community building to be used as a youth center and hopes to obtain funding from the South- east Alaska Regional Health Corporation (SEARHC) for a PD500.002 2-44 Tba k,.jllt - Supm,ted, in p-, by red ... I O-Wizo- M ant P"un- Irnple.-tan" IIYDABUHG CORP014ATE LWTS Fan& P,L. .2 ;77Z, ..) 9-ted t, th, Stam oi Almka by the Oifi@ at C@l Zm, M... 9--, N.1i.n.1 O...w end Aungh, "I Aln b-, US, D,,,,-,, I C, 0 0 0 Hydaburg River Tral 0 Ou ... Y Sne 00,. f 0 4: 'p'.p d San Y, Landl 11 Sne Sanita,V L..df 11 @Site 10 P,.p... SubdMg V Ware,' Tank P Reel. "v lon L Bad Field B'fH ST I XTENSION p S a & Cc Half @,Opowd C-nme-al Je,elopmentbine t A 'A OU \0. TIDELAN T' tem Par? D BOUNDARY \< h@, 0 off!'- mmercia 0. 0, 7- 's 10 Se-ge Tre-ent 'pp Plant 10 Old "Hecta Village" Site SUKKWAN STRAIT Can-Y -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - HISTORIC AREA RECREATION AREA TOTEM PARK HYDABURG COASTAL ZONE COMMUNITY FACILITIES MANAGEMENT PROGRAM ARCHEOLOGICAL AREA CH21AWILL 1981/1982 OLD "H ECTA VI LLAG E" SITE COMMERCIAL FACILITIES mlydaburg BASEMAPSOURCE: 1951USGS, I 0 Feet 300 Craig JA-2 & A-3), Alaska, SCENIC AREA NATURAL AREAS Original Scale 1" = I Mile r or 1: 63,360 HYDABURG RIVER DRAINAGE 1k: "-I Beach Hydaburg E@] Constructe manager position. The 1981 legislative fundings proposal included a $12,000 request for youth recreation center equipment. This was not granted; however, $10,000 has since been designated from the city's municipal aid appro- priation for this purpose. The Hydaburg Totem Park, adjacent to the school complex, is a cultural park containing Haida totems. Some of the totems are from old village sites and some were carved to duplicate totems that were too decayed to move. In 1972, a $15,000 grant was used to repair and renovate the park. The Hecta Village site is an 18th century settlement that probably originated from Tlingit occupation of the area (see Chapter 5). There are currently no facilities available to house com- munity archives and artifacts significant to the Haida culture. The 1979-1980 Overall Economic Development Plan identified construction of a Haida cultural center and museum as one of the city's goals, and the FY 1981 legis- lative funding proposal requested a $1.1 million munici- pal grant for this purpose. The center would help pre- serve and revitalize the traditions and arts of the Haida people. It would be both a storehouse of the material exhibits of the culture and a gathering place for educa- tional classes and the performing arts. Funding for this project was not granted for FY 1981. The natural areas within the City of Hydaburg provide op- portunities for picnicking, swimming, boating, sunbathing, hiking, sightseeing, sportfishing, and ice skating. These areas are the beach frontage, the Hydaburg River, and the Hydaburg River Trail (built by the Forest Youth Conserva- tion Corporation). The Hydaburg River drainage is prob- ably the most scenic area of Hydaburg. This picturesque area is old growth forest that teams with wildlife. In addition to smaller wildlife creatures, there are black bear, eagles, and three salmon species that swim the river to spawn. Outside the city limits are numerous informal recreation sites that are of traditional significance to Hydaburg's residents (see Figure 22a in Chapter 4). These sites are used for picnicking and/or camping; Arena Cove is also used for beachcombing. In addition, two recreation cabins are maintained by the U.S. Forest Service within Tongass National Forest. These cabins are located at Essowah Lake on Dall Island and at Josephine Lake on Prince of Wales Island northeast of Hydaburg. The cabins can be reserved for use under a reservation permit system for up to 7 days between April 1 and October 31 and up to 10 days between November 1 and March 31. PD500.002 2-47 Tourism is not a significant industry in the Hydaburg area.. The city does not include increased tourism in its statement of goals and objectives or its overall Economic Development Plan. PD500.002 2-48 I I I I I I I I I IN 1, \ I.- A 0 I CHAPTER 3 @and and Resource Ownership and Management .dC- --I I @Z-- - @@J Chapter 3 LAND AND RESOURCE OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT LAND STATUS/OWNERSHIP Before the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971, the U.S. government owned almost all of the land within the planning area. All of this Federal land was a part of Tongass National Forest. Since ANCSA, large blocks of this land have been transferred to Haida Corporation, Klukwan Inc., and Sealaska Corporation; the remaining land is still within the ownership of the government as part of Tongass National Forest. Haida Corporation has selected 23,040 acres of land, most of which lies in the vicinity of Hydaburg. The largest contiguous parcel extends from north of Hydaburg on Sukkwan Strait to near Eek Point. This parcel extends eastward to include a part of the drainage of Deer Bay on Hetta Inlet, but does not include the Eek Lake area (see Fig- ure 8). The entire land mass of Goat Island is under Haida Corporation ownership, as are the several small islands in the South Pass area. The northern end of Sukkwan Island, and a small parcel at North Pass and associated islands, are also in Haida Corporation ownership. The subsurface rights to these properties are owned by Sealaska Corporation, in accordance with the deed restrictions included in the ANCSA legislation. Klukwan, Inc., land holdings are located wholly within the boundaries of Long Island, primarily on the north half of the island. Klukwan has deed for surface rights to 23,040 acres. The west side of Long Island is held in Klukwan ownership south to Koianglas. Small land exclusions (generally, privately owned land) occur at Howkan, Bolles Inlet, and the Koianglas Site. As with Haida Corporation, the subsurface rights are in the ownership of Sealaska Corporation. Sealaska is the largest private land owner in the planning area (see Figure 8). The corporation owns over 50,000 acres of land on Dall Island and Prince of Wales Island. The Dall Island holdings begin at Cayman Point on the northeast side of the island and include the east half of the island as far south as the North Point area at Kaigani Strait. This stretch of holdings is interrupted by two land exclusions at View Cove. The only areas where the Sealaska holdings touch the west coast of Dall Island are at Hook Arm, Sakie Bay, and Port Bazan. The Prince of Wales Island holdings begin at Natzuhini Bay and continue south to include a part of the Hydaburg River watershed, then extend east to the area south of Deer Bay on Hetta Inlet. Holdings include most of the upper reaches of Hetta PD500.003 3-1 Inlet from Deer Bay around the east side of Hetta and in- cluding Nutkwa Inlet. Small exclusions occur at Sulzer, Coppermount, Hetta, and Mud Bay. The eastern terminus of Portage Bay at Sulzer Portage is government owned. Sealaska Corporation's overselections are those lands the corporation has selected for possible future conveyance from the Federal government as part of the ANCSA land transfer process. These lands are not owned by Sealaska, but some of these selections will be conveyed from the government at Sealaska's request, assuming no titlement problems occur with claims or previous title actions. Sealaska is now conducting a resource inventory to further evaluate these lands for future resource utilization poten- tial; this information will be used in making final selec- tions for conveyance. The Bureau of Land Management, as the lead Federal agency responsible for the land transfers, is conducting title searches on several of these lands to establish ownership rights and mining/subsurface rights. After Sealaska's request for conveyance of specific lands, the BLM will finalize the land titlement issues and turn over those lands to the corporation (both surface and sub- surface rights). All future land conveyances must be selected from those lands now identified as overselection lands. Overselection lands include a large parcel in the Soda Bay and Natzuhini area, and a few large blocks of land on the west and east side of Sukkwan Island. Smaller pieces occur at North Bay, Breezy Bay, and Vesta Bay on Dall Island; Coning Inlet on Long Island; Copper City on Hetta Inlet; and the Copper Mountain area. Sealaska's highest priority (1) is given to the parcel at Breezy Bay on Dall Island. Priority 3 lands are at Vesta Bay and Long Island, with the rest of the lands given priority 5. As mentioned, the U.S. government owns the remainder of the study area lands (except for small isolated private holdings), which are part of the Tongass National Forest. This includes all of Suemez Island, almost the entire west half of Dall Island, all of south Prince of Wales Island to Keete Inlet, the southern part of Long Island, half of Sukkwan Island, the Eek Lake area, and a portion of the Hydaburg River drainage. The exclusions include the Reynolds Creek Power Project area, encompassing the major drainage into Copper Harbor. The eastern exclusion at Sulzer is owned by Georgia- Pacific. The other exclusions in the Hetta Inlet area are mining ownerships; specific (name) holdings are not known. At View Cove on Dall Island, the quarry exclusion is a holding of Lone Star Industries. The exclusion on the west side of the cove is a holding of the Oregon Portland Cement Company. Deeds of ownership for the other exclusions that are scattered throughout the planning area have not been clearly identified. PD500.003 3-2 T i, tbp-,,@, j" -t. by F,d,,,l 2.- Z.- Ma,,W- '0 ` ; "' t P 9' M IMP"'VIi" .d, (P.L. 92 306) o-d 1. 1h,, S- f [email protected]'t'h&@ Off- f C,mt,l Z... 7 Tot, 'Y U.S. D'Pa'-- 'f C-e- r MI IW-11. NIti-I 0-,il ,d A-ph,,i, I I A-@ "01 n I 0 J 7@ 'T" % V, N@ 41 t' FS Q'E T'j . 'T- " \" -IT '.o IS L A N D' TIT Q. z We t A 'S % 'T-4j, 7`@-- t 4:t k V I- - - - - - - - - - - 7 A FS FS t FS FS FS t V . .. ..... FS FS FS XA % % "-A FS' f f r fww % % A- % % 4 IT % @S F % Iq 0 'C -ttTdMand % FS % % FS %% FS % % % % % % SOURCE: Sealaska Corporation. Location of all features on this map are approximate and based on the best information at our disposal. This map is in no way intended to serve as a certified repre- sentation of land status or as an official document in whatever capacity. MANAGEMENT PLANS Native Corporation Plans Detailed management plans for most of the native lands have not yet been developed. The corporations are cur- rently conducting timber and other resource inventories that are vital to long-range management planning. Sea- laska Corporation is finalizing a detailed resource in- ventory that is examining timber, subsurface, aquatic, wildlife, subsigtence, recreation, cultural, and sand and gravel resources, as well as transportation systems. The corporation has developed tentative road and log transfer plans for some areas, although the plans are still pre- liminary. Actual logging plans are being mapped out at this time for near-term harvest areas. Sealaska intends to do extensive minerals explorations throughout the planning area, since existing inventory information is weak. As Sealaska's plans become further developed, they will be coordinated with the Hydaburg coastal program. Klukwan Inc.'s inventory and management planning needs are considerably less than those of Sealaska and Haida Corporation. The Klukwan selection involved lands for which the U.S. Forest Service had already completed de- tailed inventory and management plans. Klukwan does not necessarily intend to use the same management plan that the Forest Service developed for Long Island; it is study- ing the overall plan to determine if it will fulfill the corporation's objectives. At this time, Klukwan has made decisions about harvesting and log transport needs in the northern portion of the island. Klukwan has constructed a log camp south of Shoe Island, log storage areas at the mouth of Shoe Inlet, aha a log sort and rafting area just @outh of the log camp (see Figure 9). An airplane float is located next to the camp. Haida Corporation has completed its timber inventory, which will play a key role in the development of its land management plans. At this time, the corporation is look- ing at harvest plans that can be easily facilitated. The corporation intends to develop Saltery Point (south of the City of Hydaburg) as a log dock and transshipment site. This site would be used as a major loading facil- ity and could provide an important service to a large geographic area. The corporation would design transporta- tion networks to use this facility, not only for its log- ging operations, but also for Sealaska and U.S. Forest Service land holdings. Haida Corporation is in the midst of contract negotiations for a large timber sale, and is also pursuing possible land exchanges with the Forest Service. The land management plans are therefore indef.i- nite at this time. PD500-003 3-5 U.S. Forest Service The U.S. Forest Service has been developing inventories and land management plans for several years, as required by the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974 and the National Forest Management Act of 1976. The national forest lands in the planning area are divided into a series of planning units, with each unit breakdown becoming increasingly specific concerning uses and sched- ules. The general planning units are known as Management Areas, and are shown on Figure 9 as large block numbers preceded by the letter "KII (Ketchikan Area). The Manage- ment Areas contain one or several Land Use Designations (LUD), as shown by the four different shadings on Figure 9. These LUD's, as described by the Forest Service, are as follows: . I LUD I. This designation denotes areas to be recommended for wilderness designation. It is applied to undeveloped lands that provide opportunities for solitude and primitive types of recreation and that contain unaltered habitats for plant and animal species that provide outstanding opportunities for additions to the National Wilderness Preservation System. The area designated for this classification, which includes all of Klakas Inlet, the Barrier Islands, and lands south to the Canadian Border, has already been formally designated as wilder- ness. LUD II. This designation denotes a roadless, backcountry type of management that provides greater manage- ment flexibility than Designation I, while re- taining the primitive wildland environment. In Designation II, primitive recreational facilities can be built, and habitat improvements for fish and wildlife are permitted. The only area with this designation is the south- west tip of Dall Island. LUD III. This designation emphasizes amenity management, while providing for a combination of both amenity and commodity values. The management goal in Designation III is to achieve a high degree of compatibility among competing resources within the same area. PD500.003 3-6 V % % J! N@ z % U, S-', A %%c % K21 @Ilvdlanu;- t ------------- 10 Y, K22 563c sfer A Log 'J Camp Ila; 17 _T@ G y0l_-@ e, W % B % J@ @J n, % 3 3_ 2 K21 da % % 0. at, %% Z" %% % K22@ % %% % % % T n P'.j,.t --p-ted, i. p-, by F,d,,,l b 'I Z- M ... ge-I P,@- [email protected] 't F-d, (P.L 92 583, S- 306) g,,,Wd t, th, I- I A1,,11 b, 11, 01fil 11 C"It" Z- a Om,.i,,,d At,,,Ph,,i, Ad,j,j,b,ji- U.S. Np,-- f C.111- .27 SOURCE: Tongass National Forest Land Manage- E100000 ment Plan, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest K23 Service, February 1979. This designation occurs at the southeast tip of Dall Island and at the Kassa Inlet area. LUD IV. In Designation IV, the goal is to provide oppor- tunities for intensive development of resources. Emphasis is primarily on commodity, or market, resources and their use. Amenity values are also provided for. When conflicts over compet- ing resource uses arise, these conflicts would be resolved in favor of the commodity values more often than would be the case for Designa- tion III lands. The majority of Forest Service lands within the planning area have been designated LUD IV. Harvesting plans for Suemez Island are the most detailed at this time, with several tracts already gone to com- mercial bid. Figure 10 shows the approximate harvest areas for Suemez Island for those lands that fall within the planning area boundaries. Harvesting in this area has already begun. The 30-year harvest plan for all of Suemez Island calls for the harvesting of between 2 and 17 million board feet (mmbf) per year between the years of 1982 and 1989, with no additional harvesting to occur until the year 2003. However, the two watersheds within the planning area are scheduled for only minor harvesting. Table 5 shows U.S. Forest Service projected harvest schedules for those portions of Management Areas that are within the planning area. PD500.003 3-9 Table 5 PROJECTED HARVEST SCHEDULES a FOR U.S. FOREST SERVICE LANDS WITHIN THE PLANNING AREA Average Harvest (million board Management Area Projected Harvest Years feet/year) K20 Suemez Island 1985-1987 Small harvest (actual numbers K21 not available) Sukkwan Island, 1989-2009 16 mmbf Eek Lake, Hydaburg, Long Island K22 Dall Island 1990-1998 24 mmbf K23 South tip of Dall No harvest scheduled Island K27 Klakas Inlet to Wilderness (no harvest) Canadian Border K28 Nicholas Bay No figures available for planning area aThese figures are tentative and subject to change by the Forest Service. PD500.012 3-10 Do Qw 40 U .......... . . . . . . . . . . 0 SOURCE: USFS Ketchikan. Helicopter - 90% Lem Full Harvest Area Selected Harvest Plan, Suemez Island FIGURE 10 I I I I I I I I I I 1 0 1 I I CHAPTER 4 Biophysical Inventory I I E96 @ I I I Chapter 4 BIOPHYSICAL INVENTORY CLIMATE* The management area has a cool, moist, maritime climate, with frequent cloudy days. The Aleutian Low pressure sys- tem dominates from September through May and brings a pri- mary or secondary storm track across the region every winter month. In mid-summer, this system is displaced by the northward-moving Pacific High pressure system, result- ing in a significant decrease in precipitation and stormy weather. Annual precipitation in the region is high, ranging from 203 to 406 cm (80-160 inches). Snowfall ranges from 59 to 590 cm (20 to 200 inches). Precipitation is greater at higher elevations. October and November are the wettest months, and June and July the driest. Hydaburg averages 294 cm (116 inches) of precipitation, including 137 cm (54 inches) of snow, annually. Cloud cover and the surrounding marine waters moderate the region's temperatures. Winter temperatures average between 00 and 5.50 C (320 to 42' F) in Hydaburg, with an -extreme recorded low of -16.10 C (-30 F). Although cloud cover is still considerable in summer, it is less than in winter. Summer temperatures average between 7.70 and 21.10 C (461 and 700 F), with an extreme recorded high of 31.10 C (880 F). Light fog prevails over this maritime zone during the en- tire year. Heavy fog occurs along the coast an average ?f 15 to 25 days a year, with highest frequency usually in August. The longest frost-free season is found on the outer coast, where mean annual temperatures are the high- est. The maximum amount of daylight is about 191-, hours in June. Winds during the winter are predominantly from the south- east, although their direction and speed can vary locally with topography. During summer, the winds blow mainly from the northeast or southeast. Gale winds lasting sev- eral days can occur throughout the fall and winter; summer gales are few and seldom last more than 48 hours. Swells approach Dixon Entrance mostly from the west and southwest, particularly in winter. Sea waves accompanying storms pound and shape the rocky outer coast. Wave heights are greater along the outer coast than in the more pro- tected inside waters. *Source: Alaska Department of Fish and Game. PD500.004 4-1 HYDROLOGY* Because of steep elevation, shallow soil conditions with underlaying bedrock, and thick organic ground cover, much of the precipitation that falls runs off into streams as surface water. Stream suspended sediment concentrations are low, less than 50 mg per liter. Most of the sedimen- tation that does occur is a consequence of streambed scour, bed erosion, or the process of mass wasting. Typically, the heaviest precipitation of the year occurs from October through December. Ground storage of water quickly becomes saturated, while stream discharge swells and fluctuates. Localized flooding may occur if rainstorms are particularly severe. From December through April, much of the precipitation is stored as snow and ice. Daily streamflow is at a yearly minimum at this time, and water temperatures may range from 3' C (37' F) to 10 C (340 F), with the median being 20 C (36* F). In April or early May, snowmelt begins increasing stream.- flow into July. Water temperature in the summer ranges from 30 C (370 F) to 12' C (52' F), with the median near 8' C (460 F). Many of the freshwater systems, freeze over in winter, re- ducing food availability to many mammal and bird species. Salmon eggs develop in the well aerated intergravel spaces where they were deposited. Water temperature is an impor- tant aspect in regulating salmonid survival; even slight fluctuations may have adverse affects. Duration and timing of incubation, hatching, and emigration of salmon fry are some aspects of development that are critically dependent on water temperature stability. Freshwater runoff into the surrounding marine waters di- lutes those waters and helps to maintain the reduced salin- ity and estuarine conditions of the surrounding Inside Passage and Pacific Ocean waters. TIDES AND CIRCULATION* A two-layered estuarine circulation system occurs season- ally throughout the Inside Passage waters, beginning with an increased freshwater discharge accompanying the spring thaw in April and May and continuing through October, the wettest month. The freshened water flows seaward along the surface and is replaced by more saline water intruding at depth. Two-layered esturaries are likely to occur in most protected bays and passages along the outer coast. *Source: Alaska Department of Fish and Game. PD500.004 4-2 A well-developed northward flow of marine water origina- ting in Dixon Entrance moves into Clarence Strait from November through March. The two-layered estuarine condi- tions present from April through October are destroyed by the combined effects of winds, storms, and reduced fresh- water runoff. The water column both nearshore and offshore becomes more uniform, and the surface waters become more saline and colder. Biological productivity decreases. Tidal movements play an extremely important role in the mixing and circulation of nearshore marine waters, and in the distribution and abundance of marine flora and fauna. There are considerable inequalities in the heights of the two high waters and two low waters of each day. The mean and extreme daily (diurnal) tides are 3.2 m (10.5 feet) and 4.7 m (15.4 feet) at Saltery Point. Landward of the shelf edge, surface currents move shoreward. The complex nearshore current patterns have not been well studied among the myriad of islands, passages, and bays. Maximum currents are commonly 1 to 3 knots, although higher values will occur where tide waters funnel through narrow passages in combination with large daily tidal ranges. offshore, the Alaska Current moves northwestward and is believed to be strongest along the continental shelf edge, averaging .5 to 1 knot. This flow is greatest with strong southerly winds, but may be completely neutralized for short periods of time by strong northwesterly winds. Weak summer currents flowing closer to the coast and in the opposite direction of the Alaska Current have been observed. SOILS AND GEOLOGY District Soils The soils found within the city corporate limits (Figure 11) are fairly uniform and have characteristics that are common to most southeast areas. Thick organic mats are a common type of soil, and range in thickness from a few inches to several feet. Where they occur, these mats are largely responsible for the resistance of the soils to sheet erosion and other types of erosion. Their other characteristics include strong acidity, low natural fertility, extremely rapid infiltration rates, rapid permeability in the upper layers, perpetual moistness, and very low bearing strength. They also tend to change state from a solid to a gel when agitated (thixotropic). These characteristics have a definite influence on excavation and use of the soils for various engineering purposes, especially road building and struc- tures (see Chapter 7, Analysis). Organic mats occur as muskeg and in some alluvial/sandy loam soil types. The muskeg is the thickest and most severe in its limitations. Thick muskeg areas are located north PD500.004 4-3 of the existing sanitary landfill and north and west of Vigil Drive and Quarry Loop Road. The sandy loam soils predominate throughout the rest of the city except for thin banks of beach sands along the shoreline and isolated outcrops of shallow bedrock. The general soil horizon includes six stages of soil types (see Figure 11). The topsoil, which is typically either the sandy loam or the muskeg, ranges from 6-18 inches in thickness, except in the midst of the large muskeg areas, where it can be 12 feet deep and more. The next stratum of soil is usually the glacial till, ranging from 6-30 inches in thickness. A blue clay follows the till, and can reach 24 inches in thickness. A hard pan lies beneath the blue clay, and is made up of a hard clay substance. This is a thin lense that is typically impermeable. Below the clays is an aggregate mixture of gravels, sands, and small boulders, which can be 24 inches and more in thick- ness. A glaciated and partly fractured bedrock underlies all these soils. District Hazards Geology, soils , topography, and hydrology present potential hazards inside the district limits. In some cases, these physical conditions present constraints to building and future use, rather than a real "hazard." In some areas, however, a combination of constraints occurs that would present a hazardous situation if future development were to occur. Figure 11 shows six areas where major constraints exist. Shallow bedrock combines with steep slopes (50 percent and greater) in areas west of Totem Park and south of the tennis courts. Poor soils (water perch areas) combined with flooding occur in areas along the Hydaburg River; near the intersection of Cedar Street Extension and Union Street; and near Cedar Street Extension at the southeast end of the city. Steep slopes and muskeg-like soils occur in an area between the Hydaburg River and Sukkwan Street. These areas are generally unsuitable for development of any kind, unless exceptional engineering and pre- cautionary measures are used. In the areas of steep slopes, slope failure and erosion are the greatest problems. Development constraints of a lesser degree occur in several locations throughout the city. A floodplain exists throughout the entire city shoreline, except in the area of the new causeway (see Figure 11). Generally, PD500.004 4-4 HYDABURGCORPORATI@ LIMITS SL Z' L\ SI SL Muskeg If .0, SL I SL Llondfill P-- S.bd@@ia- ww) Su SL Er@bion Area N Had. SL 0@1 SL P,od.- //, / --Ball F I... 8TH ST. -.3 SL Flood I 1_1.. i Po-&/ SL SL SL `81A S'' r "Op-d c-,"..t D-lopmem Soe ;,@.Unjc. 6D C@ TIDELAND- S.h@' BOLINDA@Y 41- 0\ S Pla Q) P100d Ph 8S L '0 7, 1L @ -ga SI3 SIL Erosion Area GENERAL SOILS HORIZON SUKKWAN STRAIT THICKNESS TYPE 6-18" Topsoil -nary 6-30" Glacial Till to 24" Blue Clay Thin Lense+ Hard Pan (Hard Clay) Gravel, Sands, W 12" and up Small Boulder Bedrock --------------------------------- ------------------------------------------ ----- SOILS & GEOLOGY E] POTENTIAL GRAVEL RESOURCE AREA HYDABURG COASTAL ZONE FsL1 SANDY LOAM TOPSOIL HAZARDS & PREDOMINANT WIND MANAGEMENT PROGRAM MUSKEG DIRECTIONS 101@1211WNHILL 1981/1982 BEACH SANDS STEEP SLOPES (25-50%) BASE MAP SOURCE: 1951 USGS, WIND DIRECI ION BY S 0 Feet 300 Craig (A-2 & A-3), Alaska, SHALLOW BEDROCK El FLOOD PLAIN (as Noted) Original Scale 1" = 1 Mile I or 1: 63,360 WATER PERCH AREA EROSION AREA 1. Actual directiol is greatly local landform,, and water I the floodplain elevation is at 21 feet MLLW. The Hydaburg River also has some floodplain areas, which are limited to the flat bottomlands of the stream cut. slopes ranging from 25 to 50 percent in steepness occur near the marina, by Cedar Street, throughout the river drainage, and on both sides of Quarry Loop Road. Erosion areas exist along the waterfront from the marina south to 7th Street, and (to a minor extent) along most of the Hydaburg River. Poor soils are mostly identified as muskeg types (see Soils discussion). Poor soils also exist in the Hydaburg River bottomland and where Cedar Street Extension crosses a local drainage system. See the Soils and Geology Analysis (Chapter 7) for a discussion of building practices. Planning Area Geology1 Bedrock in this coastal region is composed primarily of sedimentary rock (e.g., limestone and sandstone) rich in calcium carbonate, volcanic greenschist interlayered with marble, and intrusive granitic rock. These rocks are ap- proximately 135-450 million years old and have undergone uplift and deformation. Glacial ice covering much of this region during the Pleistocene epoch gouged and carved out the straits, lakes, valleys, and mountains. Most of the mountain elevations vary between 610 m and 1,067 m (2,000 feet to 3,500 feet). Because of recent glaciation, the soils are shallow, poorly developed, and low in available nutrients, due primarily to the lack of extensive weather- ing of either bedrock or glacial till deposits. High rain- fall and cool temperatures reduce the rate of biological decomposition, causing organic matter to accumulate on the surface of the ground. Trees are susceptible to blow down because their roots are shallowly rooted in the thin soil. Mass wasting (gravity induced movement of large masses of earth) is the dominant process of erosion and slope reduc- tion in this region and commonly occurs on slopes 37' (75 percent) or over. The two principal types of mass wasting, debris avalanches and debris flows, involve the rapid downslope movement of a mixture of soil, rock, and forest debris. Measurable surficial soil creep may occur in areas prone to mass wasting. Movement exists throughout the year, but will increase during spring and fall when soil moisture is greatest. The incidence of mass wasting increases with road building and timber harvest on steep slopes when the soils become saturated after heavy rainfall. 1Source: Alaska Department of Fish and Game. PD500.004 4-7 Earthquake Hazard Both seismicity (the historical record of earthquakes) and geologic2conditions, such as the frequency and recency of faulting, must be considered to permit an assessment of future earthquake probability in an area. Lack-of ac- curate data and an incomplete understanding of earthquake mechanism in general make it difficult to fully evaluate all the factors that must be considered in such an assess- ment. The determination of earthquake probability in any area must therefore be regarded as an approximation only. Southeast Alaska lies in the second most active seismic zone in Alaska, within the active tectonic belt that rims the northern Pacific Basin. The active Queen Charlotte Islands fault system lies outside the Hydaburg planning area, about 40 miles west of Dall Island. Within the plan- ning area itself are two lesser faults (see Figure 12). One runs northwest from Kasook Inlet (slightly northwest of Sukkwan) through Baldy Bay and Sea Otter Harbor. The second is first exhibited in the northeast corner of the management area near Portage Bay and runs northwest and then west through the northern portions of Soda Bay and Meares Passage. There are three recorded earthquake epicenters3 within the planning area (see Figure 12). All three earthquakes occurred between 1899 and 1969 inclusive, and had a magnitude of less than 5 on the Richter scale. The largest recorded earthquake in the vicinity of the planning area occurred on November 17, 1956, and had a magnitude of 6.5. Its epicenter was approximately 50 miles southwest of Dall Island, about 85 miles southwest of Hydaburg. As stated before, it is impossible to evaluate the earth- quake probability of an area with any degree of accuracy. However, it can be tentatively concluded that most, if not all, of Southeast Alaska should be placed in seismic zone 3, a zone where earthquakes of magnitude greater 1Source: Lemke and Yehle, 1972. 2A fault is a rupturing of the earth's crust that is caused by a sudden release of accumulated strain energy and that generates seismic waves that cause ground shaking. 3The epicenter of an earthquake is the point on the earth's surface directly above the focus; the focus is the point below the earth's surface where rupturing on a fault first occurs. PD500.004 4-8 Chapter 3 LAND AND RESOURCE OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT LAND STATUS/OWNERSHIP Before the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971, the U.S. government owned almost all of the land within the planning area. All of this Federal land was a part of Tongass National Forest. Since ANCSA, large blocks of this land have been transferred to Haida Corporation, Klukwan Inc., and Sealaska Corporation; the remaining land is still within the ownership of the government as part of Tongass National Forest. Haida Corporation has selected 23,040 acres of land, most of which lies in the vicinity of Hydaburg. The largest contiguous parcel extends from north of Hydaburg on Sukkwan Strait to near Eek Point. This parcel extends eastward to include a part of the drainage of Deer Bay on Hetta Inlet, but does not include the Eek Lake area (see Fig- ure 8). The entire land mass of Goat Island is under Haida Corporation ownership, as are the several small islands in the South Pass area. The northern end of Sukkwan Island, and a small parcel at North Pass and associated islands, are also in Haida Corporation ownership. The subsurface rights to these properties are owned by Sealaska Corporation, in accordance with the deed restrictions included in the ANCSA legislation. Klukwan, Inc., land holdings are located wholly within the boundaries of Long Island, primarily on the north half of the island. Klukwan has deed for surface rights to 23,040 acres. The west side of Long Island is held in Klukwan ownership south to Koianglas. Small land exclusions (generally, privately owned land) occur at Howkan, Bolles Inlet, and the Koianglas Site. As with Haida Corporation, the subsurface rights are in the ownership of Sealaska Corporation. Sealaska is the largest private land owner in the planning area (see Figure 8). The corporation owns over 50,000 acres of land on Dall Island and Prince of Wales Island. The Dall Island holdings begin at Cayman Point on the northeast side of the island and include the east half of the island as far south as the North Point area at Kaigani Strait. This stretch of holdings is interrupted by two land exclusions at View Cove. The only areas where the Sealaska holdings touch the west coast of Dall Island are at Hook Arm, Sakie Bay, and Port Bazan. The Prince of Wales Island holdings begin at Natzuhini Bay and continue south to include a part of the Hydaburg River watershed, then extend east to the area south of Deer Bay on Hetta Inlet. Holdings include most of the upper reaches of Hetta PD500.003 3-1 Inlet from Deer Bay around the east side of Hetta and in- cluding Nutkwa Inlet. Small exclusions occur at Sulzer, Coppermount, Hetta, and Mud Bay. The eastern terminus of Portage Bay at Sulzer Portage is government owned. Sealaska Corporation's overselections are those lands the corporation has selected for possible future conveyance from the Federal government as part of the ANCSA land transfer process. These lands are not owned by Sealaska, but some of these selections will be conveyed from the government at Sealaska's request, assuming no titlement problems occur with claims or previous title actions. Sealaska is now conducting a resource inventory to further evaluate these lands for future resource utilization poten- tial; this information will be used in making final selec- tions for conveyance. The Bureau of Land Management, as the lead Federal agency responsible for the land transfers, is conducting title searches on several of these lands to establish ownership rights and mining/subsurface rights. After Sealaska's request for conveyance of specific lands, the BLM will finalize the land titlement issues and turn over those lands to the corporation (both surface and sub- surface rights). All future land conveyances must be selected from those lands now identified as overselection lands. Overselection lands include a large parcel in the Soda Bay and Natzuhini area, and a few large blocks of land on the west and east side of Sukkwan Island. Smaller pieces occur at North Bay, Breezy Bay, and Vesta Bay on Dall Island; Coning Inlet on Long Island; Copper City on Hetta Inlet; and the Copper Mountain area. Sealaska's highest priority (1) is given to the parcel at Breezy Bay on Dall Island. Priority 3 lands are at Vesta Bay and Long Island, with the rest of the lands given priority 5. As mentioned, the U.S. government owns the remainder of the study area lands (except for small isolated private holdings), which are part of the Tongass National Forest. This includes all of Suemez Island, almost the entire west half of Dall Island, all of south Prince of Wales Island to Keete Inlet, the southern part of Long Island, half of Sukkwan Island, the Eek Lake area, and a portion of the Hydaburg River drainage. The exclusions include the Reynolds Creek Power Project area, encompassing the major drainage into Copper Harbor. The eastern exclusion at Sulzer is owned by Georgia- Pacific. The other exclusions in the Hetta Inlet area are mining ownerships; specific (name) holdings are not known. At View Cove on Dall Island, the quarry exclusion is a holding of Lone Star Industries. The exclusion on the west side of the cove is a holding of the Oregon Portland Cement Company. Deeds of ownership for the other exclusions that are scattered throughout the planning area have not been clearly identified. PD500.003 3-2 Th s woj,,t,a, sdpp-eo,,, part, by Federal C ... t,I Zen, M ... 9-ann Progtane leepl-IntItill F,,d, (P.L. 92 583, Sen. 306) granted n. he Starta, f Aink, by the Offire, It Clantal Z11. MarnSerearn. aphe,i, d' N,ni ... I Dee-i, and Ate, 11 Bay f' M.ini@lned- U.S. Dep.-art f C-enen., N u/J P, V1 to, 10 't'W S D'e -,j M EZ; A 9 @9 I f I LS1 - A N D 'Ila 10 0 V 4J, T rl we@ 77 45'OV f V n, -o '04 nie" 0'. 1 lion! hiw 0,4 ,% N 15 k dl60 If 1,4 7 Az@ - lo'i I 127 126 @4 '160 Of P Y? a P % % lut _L 1rell Amn 5 '\J 'ck@on ea. u "'j 4@" C, Nas i;a I A A, % s'li@ t@ OK: 1_" 4 Qu Y@@ 1% clt" Y 4 i'!@ 4- A ".N 0 8 > T @S` '_1 - A\'@ ,Ir 11"Y /14, D % 0 Forrester 01 s Nv d u. s. '!a, LA % % % % 9 It e SOURCE: U.S. Geological Survey (preliminary) 1981, U.S. Bureau of Mines (file data), U.S. Forest Service (file data). than 6 will occur from time to time and where there may be major damage to manmade structures. Based on current knowledge, the largest earthquakes will occur most frequently near the coast or offshore, along a segment or extension of the active Queen Charlotte Islands fault system. Farther inland, earthquakes of magnitude 8 or greater appear to be much more unlikely, although they cannot be ruled out. Mineral Deposits Records show,that several mineral types are found within the coastal management area (see Figure 12 and Table 6). The Metallic Mineral Deposits of Southeastern Alaska (1981), published by the U.S. Geological Survey, maps and briefly describes the metallic and certain nonmetallic mineral deposits publicly known in Southeastern Alaska in 1980. That report is based on an extensive literature search, consultation with colleagues, recent USGS field examinations, information from private mineral exploration companies and consultants, and U.S. Bureau of Mines maps depicting locations of mining claims. No attempt is made in the report to evaluate the size, grade, or economic value of the deposits. However, some indication of the deposits' significance can be inferred from information contained in the report and included here in Table 6. All mapped locations are classified by category, using conventional terminology: mine, prospect, claim, and occurrence. M-Mine: A mineral deposit with recorded production. In some cases, ore may have been mined, but not necessarily shipped. Claims may or may not be active. P-Prospect: A deposit that has been staked and, in most cases, has been scantily explored, but lacks evidence of production. Some of the gold deposits that are listed as prospects have probably had at least meager production, but because of lack of substantive evidence, are classified as prospects. Claims may or may not be active. C-Claim: A lode or placer deposit for which the only available information consists of a claim reported on U.S. Bureau of Mines claim maps. (As used by the Bureau of Mines, the term "lode" refers to any form of mineral deposit other than a placer deposit.) *Source: Berg, Decker, and Abramson, 1981. PD500.004 4-11 Table 6 MINERAL DEPOSITS PUBLICLY KNOWN IN THE HYDABURG PLANNING AREA Map Form of No. Name Category Deposit Resource(s) Notes CRAIG QUAD 91A Rex Prospect Massive(?) Copper, iron Development consists of open cuts and adits. 98 Gould Island Prospect Vein Copper, lead, Tunnel, open cuts, and zinc shaft. 1908. 99 Sultana Prospect Disseminated Cobalt, copper, Open cuts and tunnels. nickel 1900's. 100 Beaver Occurrence Unknown Gold(?), copper(?) Gold and copper reported nearby. 109 Houghton Prospect Massive Copper, iron Surface excavations and tunnels. 1906-07. 110 Corbin Mine Massive Silver, gold, Begun 1905. Shipped gold, copper silver, and copper. Shafts and tunnel. Ili Jumbo Mine Massive Silver, gold, Over 2 miles of develop- copper, molyb- ment. Considerable re- denum, iron, zinc covery. 29 claims. 112 Copper Mountain Mine Massive Silver, gold, Mined 1902, 05-06. copper Several thousand feet of workings. Had own smelter. 113 Iron Crown Prospect Unknown Cobalt, nickel Possibly massive. PD500.013. 1 Table 6 (continued) Map Form of No. Name Category Deposit Resource(s) Notes 114 Hetta Mountain Prospect Massive Copper Several prospects developed by short tunnels, open cuts, stripping. 115a-b - Claim Lode Gold Fifty-two claims in Hetta Lake/Hetta Mt. area. 116 Texas Prospect Massive Copper Small masses of ore exposed. 117 Occurrence Disseminated Molybdenite 118 Green Monster Prospect Massive; Vein Copper, iron, Most development in early lead, gold(?) 1900's. Two 65-ft tunnels. 124 Keete Inlet Prospect Disseminated; Copper Little development, no W Vein production reported. 125 Marion Prospect Vein Copper, lead Adit and winze development. No record of production. 126 Claim Lode Barite Lode claim near Lime Point. 127 Lime Point Mine Massive Barite Shipments reported in 1915-16. Possible 5,000 short tons. 128 Teresa Prospect(?) Unknown Copper(?) Copper claim located in 1916 1 mile north of Lime Point. 129 Florence Prospect 'Unknown Copper (?) Copper claim same as above. PD500-013. 2 Table 6 (continued) Map Form of No. Name Category Deposit Resource(s) Notes 130 Copper City Mine Massive Silver, gold, Mined from 1904 to 1910, until copper, zinc drill hole allowed salt water to enter and flood mine. 158 Yellowstone Occurrence Vein Gold, copper 1909-10 minor work done. 159 Moonshine Prospect Unknown Silver(?), lead(?) Too little work to deter- mine resource. 160 Miller Prospect Vein Copper Veins exposed by open cuts. 161 Claim Lode Gold, copper, lead 162 Silver Star Prospect Vein Silver, gold, No record of work since copper, lead, 1916. Adit and 2 drifts. zinc 163 Flat Island Mine Unknown Gold Probably old prospect (1880's). Reported that too much powder was being used and most of the gold was blasted into water. 164 Claim Lode Copper DIXON QUAD 3 Mount Vesta Prospect Vein Silver, gold, Open cuts and tunnel de- copper, lead, veloped 1900's. No record- zinc ed production. 4 Lucky Strike Prospect Vein Copper Little if any development. PD500.013. 3 Table 6 (continued) Map Form of No. Name Category Deposit Resource(s) Notes 5 Lakeside Prospect Vein Copper Shaft and crosscut. No recorld of production. 6 - Claim Placer Gold 7 - Claim Lode Silver, lead, Two claims on Long zinc Island, 1942. 8 - Claim Lode Gold - 9b - Claim Lode Gold - 9c,d - Claim Lode Gold - - Claim Lode Gold - 9e cn 10 McLeod Bay Prospect Vein Gold, copper, Considerable development, lead but no production. 11 - Occurrence Lode Gold 12 - Claim Lode Copper, iron Sixteen lode claims. 13 - Claim Lode Iron 14 - Claim Unknown Silver, gold, Twenty-one lode claims copper near Hunter Bay, 1953. is - Claim Lode Radioactive (unknown) 16 Goodhope Prospect(?) Vein Copper, iron Not enough work to deter- mine size or grade. PD500.013. 4 Table 6 (continued) Map Form of No. Name Category Deposit Resource(s) Notes 17 Ranger Prospect Vein Copper, iron Not enough work to deter- mine size or grade. 47,51 Feickert Prospect Vein Copper Surface stripping, shaft, and open cuts. 48 Claim Lode Gold 49 Claim Lode Radioactive (unknown) 50 Alice Prospect Vein Copper Two old shafts filled with water in 1916. 63a (Security Cove Occurrence Massive Silver, copper, Active claim. area) lead, zinc 63b (Coning In. Area) Occurrence Massive Lead, zinc Active claim. 63c (Brownson Bay Occurrence Massive Silver, copper Stratabound(?); small PD500.013. 5 O-Occurrence: A deposit that may or may not be claimed and is mainly known from published early reports; from recent U.S. Geological survey, Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysi- cal surveys, or U.S. Bureau of Mines inves- tigations; or from reliable but otherwise unconfirmed reports released by certain private mining interests. Numerous occur- rences of apparently only pyrite are not included in the map and table; unevaluated or unchecked occurrences of apparently anomalous metals in rock geochemical samples are also not included. The form of deposit denotes the physical aspect of a de- posit. Because mineral deposits generally are geologically complex, a mine or prospect may contain more than one form of deposit. The following terms are used in Table 6: Lode or Placer: U.S. Bureau of Mines claim maps classify all mineral occurrences either as lode or placer deposits, without further information about form of deposit. A lode is generally known as a tabular deposit of valuable min- eral between definite boundaries. A placer is generally known as a place where gold or other minerals are obtained by washing, as with alluvial or glacial deposits. Vein: A vein is an occurrence of ore usually dis- seminated through a veinstone, and having a more or less regular development in length, width, and depth. The term vein includes deposits described as individual veins, veinlets, stringers, stockworks, fissure veins, breccia lodes, fracture fillings, gash veins, joint facings, and mineralized shear zones. Disseminated: Deposits in which potentially valuable min- erals occur as individual particles, or as minute veinlets or clusters more or less evenly distributed in the host rock. Massive: Solid masses of potentially valuable min- erals in any form, including veins, beds, lenses, etc., essentially free of barren rock or of minerals such as quartz or carbonate. PD500.004 4-17 Dall Island has 11 areas mapped for mineral resources, most of which are claims. No mines have been developed on the island. Long Island has two claims and one mineral occurrence. Sukkwan Island has one claim and two prospects, all at the southern end of the island. Claims, prospects, and occurrences speckle much of the coastline of south Prince of Wales Island, without significant mineral devel- opment. The Hetta Inlet area has experienced the majority of mineral development in the district management area, from Lime Point (at the south end) up to the Copper Moun- tain area (West of Hydaburg). The Lime Point Mine, at the mouth of Hetta Inlet, is a barite deposit discovered in 1912. A test shipment was made in 1915 that proved satisfactory. The 36-foot-long adit that exists today probably dates from this period. The estimated tonnage of ore above high tide is 5,000 tons, containing 91 percent barite. The Flat Island Mine is actually an outcrop on the beach at Flat Island (east of Sukkwan Island), presumed to be an 1800's prospect on gold-bearing lode. It was reported that too much powder was being used for blasting, and most of the gold ended up in the water. A few thousand dollars of gold was said to have been recovered. The Copper City Mine is situated just above the high-tide line on the east shore of Hetta Inlet, approximately 6 miles south of Copper Harbor. Mine production began in 1903 and continued on a small scale until 1910, when the mine was flooded through a drill hole. An estimated 1,600 tons of ore, worth $60,000, had been mined through 1905. The site is now overgrown with timber, although portions of the development are visible just above high tide. The Corbin Mine, Jumbo Mine, and Copper Mountain Mine are located near each other, on the east side of Hetta Inlet 1.5 miles north of Copper Harbor. Production began at Corbin in 1906 and continued intermittently for 7 years. Workings included a 90-foot-long shaft, several 90-foot drifts, and an adit about 200 feet on the level of the drifts. The ore contained about $3.00/ton in 1908 gold and silver prices, and several percent copper and zinc. The Jumbo Mine is located on the steep headwall of a gla- cial cirque (a steep-walled, bowl-like recess on a moun- tain slope) called the Jumbo Basin, on the western slope of the ridge between Copper Mountain and Mount Jumbo. Development of the deposit began in 1902 by the Alaska Industrial Company. The tram from the beach to the adit at 1,700 feet was completed in 1906, and ore was first shipped in 1907. Total production was estimated at 10.2 PD500.004 4-18 million pounds of copper, 7,070 ounces of gold, and 87,700 ounces of silver drawn from 123,000 tons of ore. The Copper Mountain Mines, held by Alaska Copper Company, are on the south slope of Copper Mountain. The workings are near the Copper Mountain ridgetop at elevations of 3,200-3,500 feet, but showings extend down to at least 2,200 feet. The deposit was discovered in 1897, and 500 tons of ore were shipped in 1902. By 1905, a 250 ton/day Allis-Chalmers smelter had been constructed at the base of the aerial tram in Copper Harbor. Between 1903 and 1906, some 224,000 pounds of copper, 10,300 ounces of silver, and 145 ounces of gold were drawn from 5,770 tons of ore. By 1907, about 3,600 feet of tunnels, 435 feet of shafts and raises, and numerous pits had been completed. Work was halted in 1907 and resumed in 1914, but failed to produce additional ore. HABITATS The Alaska Coastal Management Act identifies eight types of coastal habitats that may occur within a district's planning area: 1. Offshore areas are submerged lands and waters seaward of the coastline. 2. Estuaries are semi-enclosed bodies of water such as bays, inlets, salt chucks, and stream mouths where sea water is measurably diluted by fresh water flowing from the land. 3. Wetlands and tideflats are those shallowly sub- merged lands that are characterized by plants and animals adapted to life in saturated soil conditions. Tideflats are alternately submerged and exposed by the daily rise and fall of the tides, while wetlands may or may not be saltwater- influenced. 4. Rocky islands and seacliffs include islands, seastacks, reefs, and precipitous shorelines. These areas furnish specialized habitats for seabirds, marine mammals, eagles, and shore birds. They are often characterized by diverse and pro- ductive marine life. 5. Barrier islands and lagoons are depositional coastal environments formed by deposits of sedi- ment offshore, or coastal remnants that form a barrier of low-lying islands and bars protecting a saltwater lagoon with free exchange of water to the sea. 6. Exposed hi2h energy coasts are open and rela- tively unprotected shorelines that are directly PD500-004 4-19 exposed to ocean-generated waves and storms. They are characterized by an active surf zone and beaches composed of primarily sand and gravel. 7. Rivers, streams, and lakes are freshwater drainages lying within t zone of coastal influence. Included are spawning and rearing habitat for anadromous fish (salmon); waters with important biological productivity; and waters that directly influence the nature of adjacent streams, lakes, and estuaries. 8. important upland habitats include vegetative communities, natural features, watersheds, critical wildlife habitats, aquifer recharge areas, etc., that are considered to perform important biological and physical functions in the coastal zone. Figure 13 maps coastal habitats within Hydaburg's corpo- rate jurisdiction. Only five of the habitats occur in this area: offshore areas; estuaries; wetlands and tide- flats; rivers, streams, and lakes; and important upland habitats. All eight coastal habitat types occur within the general planning area, and are mapped on Figure 14. FLORA AND FAUNA* Marine Plankton Phytoplankton (microscopic floating plants) are extremely important in the marine ecosystem, forming the foundation of many food chains. With increasing light, a phytoplank- ton bloom usually begins by late April and continues through May. Another bloom occurs in July. Zooplankton (microscopic floating animals), consisting primarily of copepods, are the major grazers on phytoplankton. In turn, zooplankton serve as a major food source for many marine animals. Euphausiids, amphipods, arrowworms, and the larval forms of barnacles, shrimp, crabs, mollusks, poly- chaetes, and fish compose the bulk of the rest of the zoo- plankton. Zooplankton numbers increase to yearly highs coincidently with phytoplankton in the spring and summer. Low zooplankton numbers in winter are partly responsible for the downward migration of fish and the slower growth rates of the invertebrates that depend on them. Marine Invertebrates The species diversity of marine invertebrates varies with substrate, salinity, and depth. Some common invertebrates *Source: Alaska Department of Fish and Game. PD500-004 4-20 or C_1 Zom "T r I'Plemeoriotion F.nd, (P.L@ 92-583, =6) g, M-d roft r 30 S@ of Aloska bY the (A. . cointal Z_ M-W-nt, Wti-al Oo-i, and [email protected]. 6 Ad.i.i.fr.d.., U.S. Depament of Coro- if a st mffl tip 00, JF I rol S N a R fj,. 4 H of I of Nod-I 11 F @d qSION \Ala' L J@ @r'Tele X J, AR A P.P-d 11 St, D I P. @p I Bid, \8 OV/ ow A - I Cb,, S hoo, P vp@ @0 \0 \0\ Off, \0 cl o 0 0 0 0 c) 1 0 "o 1 _41 r SUKKWAN STRAIT anne,y SOURCE: Alaska Coastal Management Program, '\1 Marine and Coastal Habitat Management, Habitat Protection Section, Alaska Department of Fish and - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Game, Anchorage Alaska. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - OFFSHORE AREAS by plants and animals adapted to life in waters with impof Offshore areas include submerged lands and saturated soil conditions. Tideflats are tivity, a id waters HYDABURG COASTAL ZONE waters seaward of the coastline. alternately submerged and exposed by the the natt re of adja MANAGEMENT PROGRAM ESTUARIES daily rise and fall of the tides while wet- estuaries. Estuaries are semi-enclosed bodies of water lands may or may not be saltwater- UPLAN) HABIT Al such as bays, inlets, salt chucks and stream- influenced. Upland habitats ir CH2M::HILL 1981/1982 mouths where sea water is measurably di- RI VERS, STREAMS, AND LAKES munitie! , natural fi BASE MAP SOURCE: 1951 USGS, luted by fresh water flowing from the land. Rivers, streams, and lakes are freshwater cal wild ife habitat 0 Feet 300 Craig (A 2 & A-3), Alaska, WETLANDS AND TIDEFLATS "7 drainages lying within the zone of coastal etc., wit ich are o Ong,ital Scal. 1" = 1 We or 1: 63,360 Wetlands and tideflats are those shallowly influence. Included are spawning and rear- biologic J and phN am submerged lands which are characterized ing habitat for anadromous fish (salmon), coastal ;one. 6- 0@ 0 -@4 C, -4@ ,,E M E: I tl'E I1 -1 . - 11- -1 K.- Vo@,rf-iu BN 1,S L A N D I j) xy, C "fir) Ai -@j 171 11 A A-1 It' SA ;Q F7 -T -1 J 0 4, v IN N 14, HL All -V, % t, A ,v CK "12 ""s tc r 4 4:, I@ li@te V1, C ,tl Zc, Manege-t P,1g,lo, F-d, (P.L192-583, Sec. 306) g-ted to the @Oftom M-@,,,-. Neu ... I O-w end Ato,cophe- Ad@,oj-.,ioo. U.S. D.p.,,.eot of C.-,.. 0 shore Area 0 Ot-t-26 include: polychaete worms, clams, scallops, mussels, abalone, snails, crabs, shrimp, barnacles, urchins, sea stars, and sea cucumbers. At least eight edible species of mussels, clams, and cockles occur in the intertidal and shallow subtidal zones. Commercial harvesting of hardshell clams occurs at the northern end of Tlevak Strait, off Saltery Point, in Keete Inlet, and south of Tah Bay (see Figure 17). Abalone harvest areas are located around Grand Island, the west side of Long Island, the area of Klinkwan, and throughout the Barrier Islands. Weathervanescallops occur along the outer coast. Tradi- tional and customary natural resource harvesting is dis- cussed in the following section. Dungeness crabs inhabit mud and sandy bottoms from the lower intertidal zone to depths in excess of 183 m (600 feet). Concentrations of Dungeness crabs are often found in eelgrass beds. Mating occurs when the adult crabs move into shallow waters in spring. The eggs are laid in the fall, and hatch into free-swimming larvae the following spring. During winter, juvenile crabs remain in shallow water, seeking refuge from predators, while adult crabs migrate to deeper offshore waters. Commercial harvesting occurs south of Goat Island and north of the Barrier Islands (see Figure 17). The major known rearing area for dungeness occurs from Cape Felix (Suemez Island) in Meares Passage, then down the west coast of Dall Island to Gold Harbor (see Figure 17). King and tanner crabs and five commercial shrimp species also occur in this coastal area; however, they do not play a significant role in the total commercial shellfish catch attributed to the Southeast region. Their major human importance in this area lies in their value as traditional and customary natural resources. Commercial king crab areas include the waters west and south of Goat Island, and the center of Cordova Bay. Marine Fish The most common demersal (bottom-dwelling) fish in waters above the continental shelf and in the deeper inside waters include walleye pollock; halibut; sablefish (black- cod); arrowtooth flounder (turbot); Pacific Ocean perch; Pacific cod; and flathead, Dover, and rex soles. Common shallower water fish include herring, salmonids, starry flounder, greenling, lingcod, shiner perch, ratfish, dog- fish, surf smelt, tomcod, yellowfin sole, and a variety of rockfish and sculpins. During spring and summer, the development of larval and juvenile stages of many marine fish and the general upward migration of the adults are well-timed to utilize the in- creased planktonic food supply. During winter, most PD500.004 4-25 marine fish species exhibit a downward or seaward migra- tion from this area, corresponding with the decrease in water temperature and food availability. Herring, rock- fish, and flatfish are species that exhibit this type of migration. Mature halibut migrate offshore to deep con- tinental slope waters, where they concentrate to spawn from November to March. Sablefish (blackcod) and Pacific cod also spawn in deep offshore waters during winter. An exception to these migration patterns is lingcod, which spawn and guard their eggs in shallow water during winter. Commercial bottomfish areas include Kaigani Strait and waters south of the Barrier Islands. Pacific herring are a vital marine resource involved in many food chains. They feed primarily on planktonic crus- taceans and occasionally on pink salmon fry. Herring are preyed upon by a large variety of terrestrial and aquatic predators, perhaps most notably salmon, halibut, and bald eagles. Adult herring form large winter concentrations traditionally in certain bays in Southeastern Alaska from October until the time of spring spawning. Commercial harvesting occurs at Meares Passage. In contrast, the juvenile herring migrate offshore into the Gulf of Alaska in large schools by late fall. Herring spawn between March and July, primarily in April and May. Spawning occurs intertidally and subtidally between +3.7 m and -9.1 m (+12 ft and -30 ft), primarily on rockweed (Fucus), eelgrass, laminarians (brown kelps), and giant kelp (Macro- cystis). Known spawning areas include the McFarland Islands and Rose Inlet on Dall Island. Anadromous Fish Anadromous (sea-run) fish occuring in this region include pink, chum, coho, sockeye, and king salmon. Dolly Varden, rainbow, and cutthroat trout also have anadromous popula- tions. These fish provide important commercial, recrea- tional, and traditional and customary use, and are inte- gral parts of many land and marine based food webs. All but king salmon spawn in this region. Pink salmon, followed by chum salmon, are the most abun- dant and commercially important fish in this region. Adult pink salmon enter the Inside Passage waters through Dixon Entrance and Sumner Strait or directly approach the west coast of Prince of Wales Island. Spawning generally begins in-August or September in the short streams typical of this region or intertidally at their mouths (see Figure 15 for specific stream data). odd-year runs dominate. Like pink salmon, chum salmon utilize most of the streams in this region, preferring to spawn in gravel riffle areas from the tidal mouths of streams to inland along the stream course (Figure 15). Spawning occurs from late summer to late fall-early winter. Coho salmon utilize fewer stream systems and are less abundant in PD500.004 4-26 this region than pink and chum salmon. spawning occurs between September and January. Sockeye salmon spawn from late July to early October. Their runs are small in this region because of the limited size and number of lakes necessary for rearing their offspring. Recreational use of these species is shown on Figure 16. Yearly high and low streamflows occur in winter. The ac- companying shifting of gravels and freezing temperatures can be fatal to developing fish eggs and sac fry. Pink, chum, and sockeye salmon eggs hatch during the winter from December through March. Once hatched, the young sac-fry remain beneath the gravel for 3 to 4 months until they emerge as fry (young fish about 3 cm or 11-, inches long) between April and June. After emergence, pink and chum salmon fry migrate directly to sea where they feed for several months in nearshore estuarine rearing areas before moving offshore. Sockeye salmon fry migrate, usually downstream, into nursery lakes where they rear from 1 to 3 years before migrating to the sea. Coho salmon eggs develop more slowly during the winter than the other three salmon species and hatch in the early spring. The fry emerge in May or June and the coho smolts (fingerlings) spend 1 to 3 years in freshwater systems before outmigrating in mid-summer into marine waters. Dolly Varden are found in most freshwater systems in this region. They spawn in streams between September and Novem- ber, and their eggs usually hatch in March. Emergence occurs in April or May. The young rear in streams until May or June of their third or fourth year, when they mi- grate to sea for the first time. After their first sea- ward migration, Dolly Varden usually spend the rest of their life wintering in and migrating to and from lakes (Figures 15 and 16). Anadromous cutthroat trout overwinter in lakes or streams (Figure 16). Spawning occurs between February and May. Juveniles rear in the spawning stream or connecting lake 2 to 4 years before migrating to sea. Steelhead, sea-going rainbow trout, spawn between March and May. After emergence from the streambed, the young steelhead rear 3 to 4 years in freshwater before migrating out to sea from April through June. They reenter their home stream in the fall and overwinter before spawning (Figures 15 and 16). Outmigration into the marine waters follows spawning. Marine Mammals Common marine mammals of the inshore waters include steller sea lions, harbor-seals, sea otters, Dall and harbor por- poise, and killer and humpback whales. All are year-round PD500.004 4-27 residents except perhaps the humpback whales, which occur during spring and summer. All can occur throughout this area (Figure 18). Other marine mammals occurring occasionally or rarely in the Inside Passage or in the adjacent Pacific ocean waters include northern fur and elephant seals; minke, gray, blue, fin, sperm, sei, right, goose- beaked, and giant bottlenose whales; and north Pacific whiteside dolphins. Humpback, blue, fin, gray, right, sperm, and sei whales are all endangered species. In Southeastern Alaska, the only three Steller sea lion rookeries are located within the Forrester Island National Wildlife Refuge (8 miles west of the planning area); however, sea lions do occur within the planning area. Breeding and pupping take place in May and June. Feeding usually is in waters less than 91 m (300 ft) deep. Sea lions are primarily fish eaters and are often associated with schools of herring during the spring. In winter, they move into the more protected waters of bays and inland passages. Harbor seals usually occur in close proximity to the coast, seldom swimming more than 8 km (5 miles) offshore. They frequently haul out on rocks and reefs that are exposed only at low tide. Pupping occurs from late May to mid- July, with the majority taking place during the first 3 weeks in June. Harbor seals consume primarily fish, in- cluding herring, cod, flounder, smelt, rockfish, sculpins, salmon, and greenling. Octopus, squid, and shrimp are also consumed. Sea otters were exterminated from this region by fur hun- ters prior to 1900. In 1968, 55 sea otters were released in the Barrier Islands. They have since become established there, although the population probably does not exceed the initial number released. Sea otter habitat is gener- ally inside the 91 m (300 feet) isobath along the outer coast in rocky areas with kelp beds and reefs. Their diet consists of benthic invertebrates and fish; they dive for their food at or near the bottom in depths usually less than 40 m (131 feet). Pupping and breeding can occur throughout the year, but probably reaches a peak in spring. Dall porpoise frequent wide straits and areas of more open water than the harbor porpoise, which is often found closer to shore in bays and inlets. Both species feed primarily on fish. Killer whales feed mainly on fish and squid, but are also known to take sea otters, seals, sea lions, porpoise, and whales. In Southeastern Alaska, humpback whales feed mainly on herring and euphausiids, and possibly shrimp and capelin. The commercial taking of herring can displace PD500.004 4-28 humpback whales from an area due to the lowering of their needed food supply. Humpback whales begin migrating south from Alaskan waters during late December to winter calving grounds. Gray, blue, and fin whales also migrate south for winter. Northern fur seal yearlings may appear in considerable numbers in the protected waters of Southeastern Alaska, due to severe offshore sea conditions in winter. some marine mammal mortality, especially of young or weakened adults, results from winter storms. The beached seal carcasses serve as food for wolves, eagles, bears, small mammals, gulls, and crows. Terrestrial Mammals Sitka black-tailed deer, wolf, and black bear are all well distributed in this region, ranging from the beach fringe to alpine meadows (see Figure 19). During the spring, deer congregate on the beaches to feed on new shoots of beach grasses, sedges, and plantain. As the snow recedes, skunk cabbage, marsh marigold, salmonberry, and blueberry leaves become primary foods. Fawns are born in May and June, usually in the fringe of trees adjacent to a lowland muskeg or beach. By July, most deer are in the alpine meadows, where deer cabbage is the major food throughout the summer. After the first heavy frosts of fall, deer move from the alpine meadows into the high timber and alder slide areas, where they feed on salmonberry and currant shrubs. Throughout the winter, the majority of deer remain just- below the snow line, moving up and down the mountain slopes with the changing snow depths. Dwarf dogwood, trailing bramble, and goldthread are high quality perennials eaten when not covered by snow. When snow covers these, low quality browse species such as blueberry are utilized. Even in moderate winters, the snow accumulation on clearcut areas makes them unusable for deer. A long-term decline of deer numbers may be expected with clearcut harvesting of the uneven-aged old growth forests. Deer winter concen- tration areas are usually near sea level on south facing slopes. Known wintering concentration areas in this region include the southeastern facing slopes east of Waterfall to Soda Creek and the south end of Suemez Island (Fig- ure 19). Deer populations in Alaska fluctuate with the severity of the winters. High snowfall forces deer to the beach fringe, where only low quality foods such as dry beach grasses and kelp are available. In such condi- tions, deer will die of starvation or become easy prey for wolves and hunters. Deer are the main food source for wolves, although beaver, other small mammals, salmon, and berries help supplement the wolf diet. When deer numbers and other PD500.004 4-29 prey abundance become low, wolf numbers also decrease through natural mortality, lower pup survival, and probably a decline in the number of breeding females. With a long-term decrease in the deer population as a result of clearcutting the uneven-aged old growth forest, wolf numbers are also likely to decline. Pack size averages 5 to 7 animals in Southeastern Alaska. Pupping usually occurs in May or early June, with each litter averaging 5 to 6 pups. Black bears emerge from their winter dens in May and feed predominantly on vegetation, such as horsetail, skunk cabbage, grasses, and sedges found at low elevations and along beach fringe areas. During the summer, fruit-bearing plants, particularly blueberries, become important food sources as the bears range from sea level to alpine areas. The bears also feed on salmon in summer and early fall, concentrating on at least 13 salmon streams in this region. Bear concentrations occur in the drainages of Soda Creek, Sulzer Portage, Nuttkwa Lagoon, and Tah Bay on Prince of Wales Island. on Dall Island, they concentrate in the drainages of Coca Harbor, Ham Cove, American Bay, and Essowah Lakes. on Sukkwan' Island, bear concentrate in the drainage north of Dunbar Inlet (see Figure 19). Other mammals present in this region include mink, land otter, raccoon, marten, beaver, short-tailed weasels, red and flying squirrels, voles, shrews, mice, and bats@d(see Figure 19). The coastal forest provides important cover and habitat for most of these species. Marine foods taken from the intertidal zone can make up a large part of the diet of mink, land otter, raccoon, and to a lesser extent, marten. Beaver are abundant, and their dams help stabilize watersheds by reducing flooding and silting. Birds Bald eagle nests are located within 457 m (1500 feet) of the high tideline, with the average distance being 37 m (120 feet). Bald eagles require large, old trees, usually Sitka spruce, to support their heavy nesting platforms (Figure 15). No nests have been found in second growth forests. Nest construction and egg laying begin in early April. Usually two eggs are laid, which hatch by late May or early June. Adults catch herring for their young. Most eaglets are ready to fly by the end of July. The eagle's diet consists primarily of fish, mainly herring and spawned-out salmon. Waterfowl, seabirds, small mam- mals, sea urchins, clams, crabs, and carrion also supple- ment their diet. Common birds breeding in the forest and in other upland habitats include the rufous hummingbird; yellow-bellied sapsucker; western flycatcher; tree and barn swallows; PD500.004 4-30 raven; crow; chestnut-backed chickadee; winter wren; var- ied, hermit and Swainson's thrushes; orange-crowned, Townsend's, and Wilson's warblers; fox and Lincoln's spar- rows; pine siskin; red crossbill; and dark-eyed junco. Ravens and crows frequent the beach where they scavenge for food. Thousands of waterfowl and shorebirds pass through this region, which is part of the Pacific Flyway, during their spring migration to more northerly breeding grounds. Critical resting and feeding habitat is provided in the estuaries and wetlands, especially in years when arrival is early or northern ice breakup is late. Nesting water- fowl are distributed throughout the area at the heads of most bays and lakes and along streams, and include red- throated and common loons, Vancouver Canada geese, trum- peter swans, mallards, harlequin ducks, and common and red-breasted mergansers. Mergansers and harlequin ducks nest along fish-bearing streams. Mergansers bring their broods to tideflat areas soon after hatching. Mallards prefer salmon eggs and flesh from dead fish. Although surf and white-winged scoters breed further north, they are common inshore seaducks, where they feed on mussels, eelgrass, and spawning herring. Fall migration is less spectacular than spring because movements are more diffuse and there is a sizable trans- Gulf movement of black brant, Canada and white-fronted geese. The bays and tidelands of this region can supply critical resting and feeding habitat for young-of-the-year waterbirds which are heading farther south, especially during years when their rearing time is short (Figure 18). Inshore waters, especially along the shores of bays and inlets, provide needed habitat for overwintering gulls; mallards; greater scaups; common and Barrow's goldeneyes; buffleheads; oldsqauws; harlequin ducks; white-winged, surf, and common scoters; common and red-breasted mergan- sers; Vancouver Canada geese; loons; grebes; some alcids and pelagic cormorants (Figure 18). Eelgrass, sea lettuce and other algae, marine invertebrates, small fish, spawned- out salmon and their eggs are important fall and winter food for these birds. Although not studied in this area, it is likely that shore- bird flocks of black turnstones, black oystercatchers, rock sandpipers, surfbirds, and dunlins frequent the rocky shore in this region during winter and feed on marine invertebrates. The winter species composition and density of offshore seabirds in this region has not been studied. Seabirds occupying these waters are likely to include puffins, petrels, gulls, murres, and murrelets. PD500.004 4-31 Vegetation The cool, moist, maritime climate strongly influences the vegetation found in this region. The Sitka spruce-hemlock forest thrives in this climate and is the dominant vegeta- tion type occurring from sea level to timberline, which varies from 610 to 914 m (2,000 to 3,000 ft). Western hemlock is the major conifer, followed by Sitka spruce, with a scattering of mountain hemlock, western red cedar, and Alaska cedar. Common understory shrubs include blue- berry, huckleberry, rusty menziesia, salmonberry, thimble- berry, devilsclub, and salal. Ground cover is composed mainly of mosses, ferns, bunchberry, twisted stalk, and deerberry. Black cottonwood and red alder are found along streamsides. Alpine communities exist above timberline and are dominated by heaths, grasses, and other low-growing plants. Muskegs are interspersed with forest stands on poorly drained soils. They are composed mainly of sphagnum mosses and sedges, with varying amounts of rushes, crow- berry, Labrador tea, bog rosemary, Oregon crabapple, shore- pine, and stunted conifers. Common plants of the beach fringes and tidal marshes include beach rye grass, beach pea, beach lovage, hemlock parsley, oysterleaf, seaside plantain, pickleweed, Lyngbye sedge, and arrowgrass. Rocky intertidal and subtidal zones support abundant growths of attached marine algae. Brown algae are the most abun- dant, followed by red, then green algae. of the browns, rockweed dominates the mid-intertidal zone; the floating beds of bull and giant kelp are prevalent subtidally. Red algae can occur to depths of approximately 37 m (120 ft). Eelgrass is dominant in soft bottom areas. The plant growth so prevalent in the spring and summer declines in winter because of the decrease in light and colder temperatures. Annuals die back, and deciduous trees and shrubs lose their leaves, adding to the organic soil layer. Alders colonize disturbed areas and fix needed nitrogen into the nitrogen-poor mineral soils. Alder leaves drop in fall, helping to build up a humus layer of fertile topsoil. The crowns, leaves, and branches of the hemlock-spruce forest reduce snow accumulation on the ground, leaving understory plant species available for foraging animals. The coniferous forest also provides winter habitat for most terrestrial birds and mammals that are active during winter. The decrease in the availability of edible plants in winter is partially responsible for birds migrating south and for bears denning. Patches of the forest are periodically blown down by high winds that accompany the frequent fall and winter storms. Trees blown down occasionally block anadromous fish streams. Attached marine algae and eelgrass are often torn loose and are deposited on the beaches. As these plants are broken down by waves and surf, they become an important PD500.004 4-32 winter food source for shellfish and other marine inver- tebrates. Vegetation within the planning district is shown on Fig- ure 20. TRADITIONAL AND CUSTOMARY NATURAL RESOURCE USE The traditional and customary harvesting of foods and other items has been integral to the Haida way of life for hun- dreds of years, and is still a significant part of life for the people of Hydaburg today. Much of the tribe's cultural heritage is closely linked to certain resources and harvest methods in the south Prince of Wales Island area. The importance of this tradition is apparent in the priority these food-gathering practices receive over other contemporary means of food acquisition. Traditional and customary natural resource use is also very important to the economic life of Hydaburg. The aver- age Haida family relies heavily on food gathering for its year-to-year survival. Although Hydaburg's per capita income is low, government assistance (such as food stamps or other welfare benefits) contributes only about 7 percent to the overall community income. Traditional and Customary resource use, rather than government assistance, is the chief means used by Hydaburg's residents to supplement their income. Because both their cultural and physical livelihood depend on the traditional use of the area's resources, the people of Hydaburg give the highest prior- ity to the preservation and use of these resources. Traditional and customary uses of planning area resources were determined through a series of meetings and personal interviews with numerous Hydaburg residents. Maps were distributed to individuals and small groups, who identi- fied various resources and areas they personally use or have knowledge of. This information was then combined onto three master maps (Figures 21, 22A, and 22B). Planning District Traditional and customary natural resource use within the district is shown on Figure 21. Marine life is abundant, and the Hydaburg River and water- front areas are used extensively during the year when the cyclical salmon runs return to spawn. Salmon species har- vested are coho, chum, and pink salmon; trout species are steelhead, Dolly Varden, and cutthroat. In late summer and fall, halibut are harvested from the waterfront areas as they move in to feed on spawned-out salmon carcasses. Shellfish such as clams and cockles are harvested from the tideland area. PD500-004 4-33 During the summer months when the berries ripen, elder- berry, huckleberry, salmonberry, and thimbleberry are harvested from the open or semi-open areas throughout Hydaburg. Bogcranberries and Hudson Bay tea are harvested from the muskeg areas. Drift logs are taken from local beaches and sawn into blocks for heating fuel. Types of drift logs used for firewood are fir, spruce, and hemlock. During the winter trapping season, mink and marten are trapped along the undeveloped beach fringe area in south Hydaburg and along the Hydaburg River drainage. Planning Area Traditional and customary natural resource use in the plan- ning area is shown on Figures 22A and 22B. Figure 22A shows where the harvesting and collection of salmon, gull eggs, and seaweed occurs and where hunting and trapping take place. Salmon harvesting is done by a variety of methods, including seining, trolling, and en- trapment. The take is very seasonal, with much of the harvest smoked, dried, canned, or otherwise preserved for off-season use. Chum, sockeye, coho, king, and humpey salmon are harvested. Important sockeye areas include the Eek Lake system, Hetta Inlet and Lake, Nuttkwa Lagoon, Klakas Inlet, Keete Inlet, Hunter Bay, and Nichols Bay on Prince of Wales Island. Kassok on the south end of Sukkwan Island is also an important area. Chum, or dog, salmon are caught in the area of Corlies Island, off the west coast of Dall Island; off Halibut Nose; in Jackson Passage; at Ship Passage (south of Kassa Inlet); and in the general area of the Barrier Islands. Coho salmon are commonly harvested throughout the planning area. Coho are very important to subsistence gathering because of the large runs and relative dependability. King salmon is the only species not known to spawn within the planning area. Harvesting of king salmon occurs off the southeast coast of Dall Island; the south tip of Long'Island; the Jackson Island area; the South Pass area west of Hydaburg; and isolated areas at Hetta, Mabel, and Ship Island along the west coast of Prince of Wales Island. Like the cohos, humpeys are harvested in numerous places. General areas include the west coast of Dall Island, the southeast por- tion of Cordova Bay, and the upper part of Tlevak Strait. Gull eggs are harvested from island and bluff areas where heavy concentrations of gulls and other bird6"nest. The predominant areas of egg harvest are in the islands west of Meares Passage off Diver Point and within the island groupings of the Barrier Islands. PD500.004 4-34 Seaweed is gathered in several locations; the two largest areas are Meares Passage and the Barrier Islands. Other areas are at Arena Cove on Suemez Island, the northerly McFarland Islands, and Kellogg Point on the west coast of Sukkwan Island. Hunting for traditional and customary use is primarily focused on deer, though bear are hunted as well. Hunting occurs throughout the study area. Suemez Island is one of the most important areas because of the existing deer populations and the proximity to Hydaburg. Because deer populations can fluctuate so much in any given area, har- vest locations vary from year to year. Trapping for mink, land otter, marten, beaver, and squirrel occurs in the planning area. The majority of the shoreline of Tlevak Strait is used for a wide variety of trapping activities. The trapping of mink, marten, and otter occurs throughout Dall Island and Long Island. The Klakas Inlet, Klinkwan, and Tah Bay areas are also heavily used for trap- ping. The entire Barrier Islands area is mapped as a trap- ping area, as are numerous smaller areas throughout Cordova Bay and the upper inlets. Figure 22B shows where subsistence harvesting of herring, halibut, bottomfish, shrimp, abalone, crab, clams, and sea urchins occurs. Herring are harvested in two different forms: by seining and as spawn (for roe). The primary seining areas as mapped by the residents of Hydaburg occur at the McFarland Islands, Kellog Point, and in Nutkwa Inlet. Herring spawn areas occur along the west coast of Sukkwan Island and at the southeast tip of the island. Other spawn areas include Hetta Inlet, Ruth Bay, and the Barrier Islands. Halibut harvesting takes place at the south end of Goat Island, Deer Bay, Nuttkwa Inlet, Hessa Inlet, and through- out Kaigani Strait. Bottomfish harvesting occurs in several areas throughout the planning area; the larger areas are located in Tlevak Strait, Kaigani Strait, Hetta Inlet, the middle of Cordova Bay, and the Barrier Islands. Shrimp harvesting occurs in Arena Cove, View Cove, Coco Harbor, at High Point (east coast of Dall Island), upper Hetta Inlet, and throughout Klakas Inlet. I Abalone is harvested in Meares Cove, Jackson Island, Ship- wreck Point, and throughout the Barrier Islands. The aba- lone areas have experienced significant declines because of commercial harvest activities in Cordova Bay. Crab harvesting takes place in several areas, especially in Natzuhini Bay just north of the city, a very important PD500.004 4-35 harvest area for the local residents. Other crab areas include Hetta Inlet, Sukkwan Strait, Klakkas Inlet and the Barrier Islands. Clam harvest areas are scattered throughout the entire planning area except the west coast of Dall Island. Historically, sea urchin harvest has occurred in several areas within the planning area. However, residents mapped only the area west of Bobs Bay (Meares Passage) as a harvest area. PD500.004 4-36 -e Js2jv labeJoLpti f :Oweg o Pue LIs!j 10 lumveda aPVY L = A @Jen jou 1'@ 0 eNseIV :U0113aS U(1!13alOJd 'e)jsejV 'fC V -g Z V) 6'6,e'@D @@J.LN 0 W11qeH :juawaftueA jeliqeH Iulseoo pu aupeA ' n L96t :3ounOS dVLN 3SV9 w SOS LU60M 1u3waBL'UeVq lelseOD LWIV ouncts Z86L/L86L 1-11HUMHO WHOOHd INWOEMM % % oil 3NOZ IVISV03 ounaVOAH %% % aq ueo tioaeuijolul NZ 0 % -sO31;jo E)=I(]V pue Alp le glqel!eAe si we-IsAs MON 0, 'POS!AOJ uaaq seq waisAs an6olem E)=I(]v Tait? 941 - - - - - - jn0Lj6n0jqj SJOIBM auliew pue sWe9JjS ISOW 6L, ui inocto Alqeqojd UBPJeA Allo(] Iei!qeH bol N3(]HVA A-1-100 AG WeOJIS UMOUN bit- jej!qeH - VYV3HIS CIV3HI331S IS o@ 7 L jeliqeH- inouitMOONIVU H 'P- @X Lop v 91. jej!qBH- inouilV08 H-uno Lo 11J911 IVIIGVH 9N11,kVd9 E) [email protected],- r Irol pue 6ummedS NONIVS 3A3>100S L9 6uijeaU Pue BulumedS - NOVY-1VS OHOD 00 jej!qBH BuiumedS - NOVY-1VS mHO 0. 0 lej!qBH BuiumedS w Tli NOVY-1VS )INId d ADI S3133dS INMUd S3133dS/U3swnN 90-1VIVO j.9 zs % 'l Kg Rv SWV3HIS HSIA snowou(3VNV 41"7 auot4d 'L0666 NV 'uel U- i - Z91 i. -!L4D1aN '80Z wOO)J 'laaAlS WN SH7 'ueU4D1a>1 -6ple ao!ljo pue iinoo amS 'aweE) pue qsi=l jo I itiawijecia() eNsejV aLp 'aoijj0ue>I!qoia>j 'qojeasai uowIL,s @u!d jo a6jeqo u! isftjoiq aL41 wojj % o aq ueo saiis 6u!puel @saL41 10 suolle3ol pau!eiq 51 10exa ak4-L) IPJeasaJ s!L41 anuilum ol Ajessaoau sl saj!s Bu;puel jaidooijat.I @LjI Joi ss@03e bululejule -sisi6olo!q aweg pue t4s!j 's J!s Buildwes aqi oi asolo sisi6olo!q aL41 1@6 oi pasn si jaidootlaq V io iuawijeda(] e@selV Aq auop si BuildLues jua6jawa-aid aqj :-IVOD -LN3A39VNVA fing -Arl Ali' 'AiessaDau osle s! J@A03 UMOID PUe UO!Jeja6aA J1 ap!sweajis 6uiu1e1u!eVY 'sPa4sialf?M Alaql pup sweOJIS OW u)[411AA pau!ejuiew aq isnw moll jaiem leinieu pue Al!lenb jaleM :S31-LIALLISN3S J k 'Aiisnpu! @qi Bumueld ioj pue 'Ajaqsil aqj 6utjejn6;)j jol 'papaeu ujmaj juanbasqns aqj 6ullmajol jol s!seq aqj swjoj Buixapu! SILIJ *Weajls aqj u! Ail jo aouepunqe jol A aoua6iawa Ail uOwles Nu!d oi joud 'jaju!AA u! rz ez. Allenutie paxapu! aie swEaJIs as@14i :3S.0d)jnd -4@ 7 S311S 31dWVS N1d 1N391J3W3-3Hd NOWIVS N LIE, % % 7z SILIS ISM 319V3 (Tive -\Og V < _J 9 L 38nou V38V E)NINNVId SISON 91683 /sweejjS snowojpeuV < _41 j ,J @T, NOTE: Inventory T ay 0@, 13 information is available for areas outside the planning area 0 on was not boundary, 1 h, I .. I of I ... il hnr,, THs inl m 1v ma ped because the management decisions that occur in athis plan are A-7 p <N-) limited to areas inside the planning area boundary, Inventory information P@( reas outside the planning boundary is available from the Alaska A for Department of Fish and Game, as referenced in the Legend. % 7 N_ "At by Fod ... I `6 -PP-e,,, in P,,, 2,-a Z,w MV p enne-ti- t' f-4 V,, Slel. I Alke be the 011im of C-1 Zone @, !@, - -, - . )I , V@_ k \ #6 1,4 (" @.@ - , ef" \A % 37;, F nZP.L. 9 3063 e-d 1. 'Ile @f kW terf, 11 e M ... p,ne.t. N- ... I Oua,,i,. -Ind Anoonhl,il, E Z 1 Al 'W \J fe, M,ni.otoni., U.S. Dep-neen Conno.- --,1f4tn7`eZ,'t, Vtilrr. Ito r Pt R.@,V; j, UO" ;ce f S 'L A I D, Shelikcrf 4, *0 it @'t" M, % -7 L per Mv, :;4 o Pa, L-ozat Y IN Im ".0 1 1, 1 7'. I ;Qt, 77 S ibl- Pt o@ Di- 1% h - - - - - - - - - - - 7", % Ni= " 4,11 Ilk LA 4@, i-j j Apt tVV A N-K! IN fj,,, R'-d Gu, Kang,,Ias, 7 n@ % 'A r IV ken, ukout, Pe 0 78 S, Coro W,@@ 7` 2CQ M@ Fa@@ardf @zz ;If 0 , 51 @j Y D ickihan WER I N',1110NAL @Meli- Rk j 'Lqgh Pt It r De'd ff bel No M.bi k A t Jackson I A@- L ley -and I C", . ..... G, RIS w't, ra 4" ,-AX Ct-@ .0 Ab 0 f, st-x a: 'elk, V-1 6 fir IA % s,;p 4 ea K It, L Ct_@INL' P-nd K. W, J, 1W Ho4vkax - "t, % @Nak,,- Pt L A a J@l T f1t % 441" Oll Forrester jr @Islana W`.S. % 4,g Hit L% % % % Pa"'I RN % :"Iso .1, Island C V@', % % AA! 1 t -c-, SOURCE Alaska Coastal Management Program, Marine and Coastal Habitat Management, Habitat Protection Section, Alaska Department of Fish and Game; Anchorage, Alaska. I@NIILO SYkTF-1, 77_77@ is project wao sup,,ned, i@ p,,t, by F,de,,[ M,n, [email protected]'92M.5'8'39e"@-t P"""' Sec. 306) g-trd to the State of Allk, bV the Office of C- Ar@ ",I &-i,- US, D,pwb-.rt of C-e- -W-la marage-ent, N,ti-l 0-ic -d A- Ra u C, j -4 Abo rt 0- el /141 z S t4@ IM E Z:,- / 8-1 ttr % f U L A @4 D An, V '61 t. Wt: e t v j-b@ jo 0/- c @,b So q! 41 4, 11 W, Cap', f Olyd", ,v. AT, f N@ k Ago" 1. % Q t t, f ag Ap 4 T S 'A Gu@ Kaog.@:, T % qV- 2 'T@ Pw 44@ o u A Ov 77 86, < '3o Lt /x4 > ak DI, ;,k Y' bG-1 Pkt R,1- L 1 L-j 13-A % % % Gtat,-W'@@ % ob NX sq 17 %% L'or, -wA K)ak@s % N- % NN L A "NJ D % Tan 0 /< C:303 r@ C3 M3 C P@- T_ 0 Forrester Island r cl?N o % J, A la I U.S. % % % t 1-k-, % % % % M5, % % Ego 'ZZ L4,@ SOURCE: Alaska Coastal Management Program, Marine and Coastal Habitat Management; Habitat Protection Section; Alaska Department of Fish and I 11Y t N "I'!" Game; Anchorage Alaska. A Q, @4. NOTE: 'j Inventory inforntation is available for areas outside the planning area boundary, a, the evel of detail presented here. This n1orn),tion ,,, not @la 'Ded because the inanaqernent decisions that occur in this plan are e, < t7 , , @ \, !-Q0t i-ted to areas inside the planning area boundary. Inventory information % for areas outside tne planning boundary is available fro the Alaska C Depa tment of Fish and Garne, as referenced in the L % T 71 r egend. @7 -1 rl Jeel P.I.-d. at P,1, ,.a 4- W -n- ... @Ina,bt Pre,ra. pJ..a-b.,, Tb t, by Fed-1 All Sal Fan& W,L 92 583, , 6 State a A111k, by he ffiw @ a - 0:05 % L M.req-.ne N.ti ... I 0-ie ..d Ab,-pha,a, E Z v Adaran,-an- U.S, D, -elen, at C-a-ea. r T TT '@q _71. @5 L A-N D" G Ify a t ra,, I Jll- 10 fA 5,s 1p, -,ob. Is A -ym3b _2 F/I o-4 'vl Tk*,@-! '71 'IN, Goat j @ e-, --S, , V=S Wan i7c N - - - - - - - - - - 'T C) ) @ I - 1, For ette W0.0 n I 15 ;0@ J V Ott --T Cori! Ilk (Ifl, e,' -v A-1 C Gut Kaogul.AV AT 'WIN @j 1 78 S Ln jj ta, M, A Cc, Baidy Bay T@ I I.' IILI?1,111 1eF,;,,S % 8a at "a, T a 6k 4 u kwar, A j, a, ,,.n I T G-1- d @V 1 rip'! 1, @ - @T r A@- N 1P 4 -@ul My Kit % % % rcs "A, el't % $ V12, % 1@ I 'a' 5naa 1,4 -j % % % % Le-re frja.@d I L L A@ U fx t-, >A, ;t cz::D Tat- > "a 0 Z:9 % 0 Forrester 15101 10 AD d 0- od 'R, % %% Petrel %% Se r4, < SOURCE: Alaska Coastal Management Program, Marine and Coastal Habitat Management, Habitat Protection Section, Alaska Department of Fish an(] Game; Anchorage, Alaska. N.@ L. A T, Q,, NOTE: "A X-, Inventory inforolation is available for areas outside tile planning area L Ba r boundary, at the level of detail presented here@. This information was not % @,apfbed because the management decisions that occur in this plan are a, P1, minted to areas inside tile planning area boundary. Inventory information tr or a ea s outside tile planning boundary is available front tile Alaska % r -7 A Department of Fish and Garne, as referenced in the Legend. -- % 7, -,,a ...... ed, o Ptu,oy Fed-, A % (P L. 92 ,ad, a.6d @,.atvd dhe Sno, dl Ahoka by the OMI,, of C ... t a'2o" Ve"', -- m-9-ot, N,-111 Ovelom old U@S ,Ao-ephelil E z V q--411, Nl @11@ a F111, M pc@@ I ---- --- IS L A N f 36'r VV e t it k-,V@ Jr % J 'a Gk-) R t F4, % Iva, - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mchois F," It j eti@ OOA e VA ;r% (3- 17 A%% 6% _7 1:,@u, Kang@,ia, % a,, Icepe Lc'i d, :j M, F-71and L,/ V, t, 7) A- I pay % D",k Ya a r, f % V U ri % !U1UF 11@,@ A La, Sukkwas. _71 t e, It vl A- di it 10 o % % ka, V "0 %1< 4" link a; .4;,l 4 % Q I\ @,c % o Lo.t;v A, 'Tj P % a % A-W (8&w F Orrester -T % %% Ut nds % V.0,L-4 %% % % % Petrel % t-and % %% 7 z @A: SOURCE: Alaska Coastal Man agement Program, Marine and Coastal Habitat Management, Habitat Protection Section, Alaska Department of Fish and Game; Anchorage, Alaska. HYDABURG CORPORATIF LIMITS C-t'I Z- P"9"' F-el, JP.L. 92-583, S- 306@ 9,mud t, the St,le of AI,sk, by ffie Ohio I C,,,tl Z;@:"' M, ge-t, N,h ... I 0-i, .d A- Ad--t-im. U.S, D,p,,t,,,t f Colle-.@ Ni J, 77T_7_7)___ jk Tim j@ A A AC-)IT ug T-1, q,- -; ', -, I '-@ _';.. 4 , @ 'I Wer q A Q jell F@t,@n ge M."r. 5i" A A@- BEACH FRINGE BROAD LEAF P_ i Red Alder, Western Crab Apple, Black Cottonwood, Wild Celery, Plaintain, Goose P Tongue, Scurvy Grass, Beach Greens, Beach z@' Asparagus, Firewood, Buttercups, Wild Rice, Saw Grass, Beach Rye MUSKEG CONIFERS Z) Lodgepole Pine, Mountain Hemlock, West- 0. ern Red Cedar, Yellow Cedar BROAD LEAF @12 Bearberry, Blackberry, Bog Cranberry, Wild A Hemlock, Cucumber, Water Lily, Water Cloudberry, Sphagum Mosses, Sedges, Hudson Bay Tea NON-COMMERCIAL TIMBERED AREA SUKKWAN STRAIT STREAM AND DRAINAGE CON I F E RS - CANOPY BOTTOMLAND Sitka Spruce, Western Hemlock, Western CON IF E IRS - CANOPY Red Cedar, Yellow Cedar, Lodgepole Pine Sitka Spruce, Western Hemlock, Western BROAD LEAF - LINDERSTORY Red Cedar, Yellow Cedar, Lodgepole Pine Salal, Big Wortleberry, Evergreen Huckle- Cannery BROAD LEAF - CANOPY berry, Red Huckleberry, Brake, Dandelion, Red Alder, Black Cottonwood, Western Wettle, Pacific Service Berry, Woodfern, C rab Apple Licorice Fern BROAD LEAF - UNDERSTORY COMMERCIAL TIMBERED AREA ittle Wood Rose, Thimbleberry, Salmon- CONIFERS - CANOPY berry, Devilsclub, Salal, Big Wortleberry, Sitka Spruce, Western Hemlock, Western Evergreen Huckleberry, Red Huckleberry, Red Cedar Pacific Red Elderberry, Brake, Dandelion, BROAD LEAF - LINDERSTORY Wettle, Pacific Service Berry, Wood Fern, Salal, Red Huckleberry, Brake, Dandelion, Licorice Fern, Red and Blue Currants, Wettle, Pacific Service Berry, Wood Fern, - - - - - -- 7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Gooseberry Licorice Fern BEACH FRINGE BROAD LEAF HYDABURG COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM MUSKEG CONIFERS NON-COMMERCIAL TIMBERED AREA BROAD LEAF CONIFERS-CANOPY CH2MMILL 1981/1982 BROAD LEAF-UNDERSTORY BASE MAP SOURCE, 1951 USGS, STREAM & DRAINAGE BOTTOMLAND 0 Feet 300 jl@@O, Craig (A 2 & A-3), Alaska, CONIFERS-CANOPY COMMERCIAL TIMBERED AREA Original Scale 1" = I Mile CONIFERS-CANOPY or 1: 63,360 BROAD LEAF-CANOPY BROAD LEAF-UNDERSTORY BROAD LEAF-UNDERSTORY oj W-1 11YDABURG CORPORATE i IMITS C..".1 ZVI M.7""' p"g"T F-& (P.L. 92 583, S- 306) 9,.I.d 1. 1'. SWM If Alwka by th, Offiu ( C-' Z.I. Ma agement, N,timaf Owa,i, -d A-ph,d, T" O.-Y sit@ f ---- - -- w f kg -c- /@:Shellfid,.@,) -J// 41-1 . 7' &' , .-I' / I V -:1 '41- -, - , . \ - \ @.: @'@I - 0 d S V_ Sanita \ 11, 1 - Y I I I I @11, wi L-df 11 t sit@ V Wate T@ 'Bd nkI /J > V F EXTENSI P. q M.6,w H.11 - _@'- -, _p D-1.p-t Sim_ do Dri -Z, TIDELAND-@ I BOUNDARY -or Ch 1001 F V .ifj, 1 001, 00 4, Ao a2 o' J 7 0 - lf"sip fs Pell ff v SUKKV@@N @TRAIT.' op N", 0 A SALMON AND TROUT AREAS SALMON - Coho, Chum, Pink HYDABURG COASTAL ZONE TROUT - Steelhead, Dolly Varden, TRAPPING AREAS MANAGEMENTPROGRAM Cut-throat fi MINK USKEG MARTEN TOG CRAIN &72 BOTTOMFISH DSON B CH2MISHILL 1981/1982 v Ir A HALIBUT BERRY GATHERING AREAS RASE MAP SOURCE: 1951 USGS. 0 ELDERBERRY DRIFTWO 0 Feet 300 Craig (A-2 & A-3), Alaska, SHELLFISH AREA HUCKLEBERRY MR Chri@in Scale I- = I Mile SALMONBERRY or 1: .3,360 CLAMS SPRUCE COCKLES THIMBLEBERRY REMLOCK Tht, .je-,,,,,pp,-d. m p-, by F,d,,l c"It', Z", ml.,-- P'.g'- 1,dple-ubw F..d, IP,L. 92 583. S.,, 306) 9-wd t, th f Al,,k, by th,, 0fG,, f C ... ml Za. F 'v MA nient, N,6 ... I 0@-w 1.d AbIllsph,61 Ad U.S, f C--. J- I % -"5 % E Z' ua- m p 1-1 ! -, 11 1, - , , I S L D 01 j 2 S11 FN 4 % 41 P fL 141, V 2,5 ut- L 4 ----------- 4 A 3 3 2,3,5 % % 14 "C,' k, 16 Wh t@' Mc S, 0 A-, -J V@s ,3,5 A 2 -3,5 -an #er,,TFa-jip'ln4"1' AILS 4 .0 fibr6s-of Island 2,3,5 en- I "t., - , 4 Z_ C -1 S 4 % ag 0 % % % Mink and -Otter- 40 2,3,5 Trapoing % 2,3,5 Thr6ughout Islan 3 % v 0 % 23544- @01 1 - @6 4 0 island % 41 A % % @,o % % % 44 %.. %% 00c) 0 -P %% A-6 0 @0 % % 3,4 3,4 1j 3,4 SOURCE: Citizens of Hydaburg. f This projeO ,pM,wd, io p-, by Fed-I c 10, 'J'@@17 rl P.L. 92 583. So,. 306) gm,wd to te@ Wt AN,s , by th, Offloo of Coost,I Z M '@- P"g"' F'odT,aIJZ- S's. M, c U A-S o j.@ Ha y D-i-oo- of C,iome- .1 0-m -d Ahoosp-i .X,Z sv % '6 S m r f -1 Cr, -S In JEtm, Ls k-It III - . '@ L A \V Si J ki'J ' '-;;@,,-7' @4 jy-,, -Ag 0 L-ly co' - 72t-l-@ i I w" an H @_A ,do Cap Fefi'x. i Y8 4 rt t A, 'fl M@ 0--- P@ 77 S Di- 1 1 1 ta & % J.i PRI Rourd Pa @v -7 Eu@: G@j 21 4 ,Cape Lcokcut, L A T 1-8 S@ BILin Ve1 MY reef Unv P 'F W10 W.M. I TIONM, 7 7" Has v, - n, m0c" High PI Lt co" K@j - v "sv D-ii),s, L\ - ----------------- ukkwa fj I L A W" AN"* 'Y ("f' -A A- % % % 6@/ 'j H % 2 '3 % Va,,d 0@ % A 5s, F- s .1" R4 F j IrTV % % % % A-- %% p % % 4P ";'A % %% % is L SOURCE: Citizens of Hydaburg. S@ M) 0 j ES6 @@ CHAPTER 5 Historic, Prehistoricl and Archaeological Resources Chapter 5 HISTORIC, PREHISTORIC, AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES PLANNING DISTRICT The Hecta Village site (see Figure 7 in Chapter 2) is an 18th century settlement that probably originated from Tlingit occupation of the area. It was later used by the Haidas as a fish campsite of common property, since there was always a returning fish run, even in the poor years. Petroglyphs exist in the area, and many artifacts have been unearthed by the residential development of present- day Hydaburg. Hydaburg Totem Park, a historic/cultural park, is also located within the district (Figure 7). PLANNING AREA Archaeological and historic sites in the planning area have been inventoried by Sealaska Corporation and by the Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Parks, office of History and Archaeology. The purpose of the Sealaska inventory was to identify culturally significant sites to be considered during Sealaska's land selection process. Robert Sanderson, a resident of Hydaburg, con- ducted that inventory. The state inventory lists sites that have been identified from the literature or reported from other sources. So far, no attempt has been made to analyze or further investigate the significance of the sites beyond field checking for physical evidence and mak- ing a written description. Examples of the types of sites found in the planning area are: 0 Remains of former permanent Haida villages 0 Former Haida seasonal villages and camps 0 Burial sites 0 sites containing pictographs or petroglyphs 0 Former mining settlements Figure 23 shows general areas where archaeological or historic sites exist. The specific locations of the sites are not included in this public document to protect the sites from possible exploitation. A master site map showing all known inventory sites and a descriptive catalog are on file at City Hall in Hydaburg. That map PD500.005 5-1 will be used when a land use decision is to be made that could have an impact on a culturally significant site. The State Office of History and Archaeology participates in the A-95 Federal and state review process. That office must comment on all projects that are funded by Federal or state dollars and that may affect archaeological or historic sites. This is a review function only, however, and the ultimate decision to preserve a particular site lies with the funding agency and the land owner. PD500.005 5-2 C. to pin-t. by Fiol-t A-1 a 'at 'T ' P.L192-583, Food,( Snat-f Almko b, 1h. of`b`G).gf't.`,d1.oZo" Man, @tllrt. N,t,,,aJ Oonali-nd At,.'=. o Ad=i ration. U.S, Depart-, of Unn, J"; A % i't % Ou, E, z @W' % 7 1, JI 10 st-*Ii S L A N D w3" I I ria 11 41 "J" '0 Al % it A"- 'j- N @'g % - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - @w % r :aa % :Z4 % 'rk @ ?v T@' %I it, % % % % % "a % Gig Forrester Ap Island Qr' % %% % %% 0 J %% t SOURCE: Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Parks, Office of History and Archaeology. Robert A. Sanderson. I I I I I I I I I I 1 0 14@ I I CHAPTER 6 1 Issues, Goals, and I Objectives 'A G;d 'i Chapter 6 ISSUES, GOALS, AND OBJECTIVES The issues, goals, and objectives for Hydaburg's coastal management program were developed by the city's Coastal Zone Management (CZM) Committee. The committee met from the beginning of the planning process to provide a general direction for other elements of the work. To ensure that the interests of all community members were represented, a survey was also distributed to each Hydaburg household. This survey asked residents' opinions about population growth, economic development, community facilities, and areas of customary and traditional value. The results were considered by the committee in formulating its state- ments. An issue is a subject that concerns the community. In Hydaburg, the prospect of rapid economic development and community growth raised many issues for discussion, ranging from impacts on natural resources to provision of adequate municipal services. @ goal is a decision that is made after discussion of an 4 issue; it is a general end that the community wishes to achieve. An objective provides more specific direction to help the community achieve its goals. ISSUE 1: TRADITIONAL AND CUSTOMARY NATURAL RESOURCE USE The advent of economic/industrial development projects, primarily timber harvesting, has roused local concern for the protection of natural resources within a geographical region important to Haidas since the 17th century. While Hydaburg's residents recognize the potential benefits of timber resource development, this industry is also viewed as a potential threat to historical sites, recreation areas, watersheds, and biologically rich lands and waters. People depend on some of these resources for home use, subsistence, and commercial fishing. Fishing is the traditional form of livelihood in this community. The maintenance of marine biological productivity is a growing concern to the com- munity as it expands its fisheries to bottomfish and shell- fish. GOAL 1: Protect, maintain, and enhance natural re= sources traditionally and customarily used by the community. Objective 1.1: Identify natural resources/areas that are traditionally and cus- tomarily important to Hydaburg. PD500.006 6-1 Objective 1.2: Pursue communication and coopera- tive agreements with native corpo- rations and state and Federal agencies for maximum possible protection of significant natural resources identified by the community. Objective 1.3: Review all permit applications for activities within areas iden- tified as important to Hydaburg's traditional and customary natural resource use. ISSUE 2: LAND AND WATER USE DEVELOPMENT The people of Hydaburg have been traditionally dependent on their shoreline for the main aspects of their liveli- hood, and access to it remains essential to this day. Here is where the city's dock, boat harbor, fish process- ing facilities, and most desirable residential sites are located. It is also where people gather shellfish and hold picnics and other recreational activities. As Hyda- burg grows, the demand for its limited coastal resources will increase. Little waterfront space is left, and deci- sions must be made about the best possible development or use. Management decisions must be made for the uplands as well. Through these lands flows Hydaburg Creek, the city's water source and salmon spawning grounds. Future development could also occur on these lands. GOAL 2: Direct community growth in an organized fashion, providing opportunities for land development as well as land conservation and the maintenance of environmental quality. objective 2.1: Reserve waterfront property for water-dependent uses. objective 2.2: maintain access to the waterfr ont. Objective 2.3: Develop areas adjacent to Hydaburg Creek for environmentally compat- ible uses. objective 2.4: Encourage future residential de- velopment in other than waterfront areas. objective 2.5: Develop a community land use plan. PD500.006 6-2 ISSUE 3: CITY EXPANSION The use of lands just outside its legal boundaries is of great concern to Hydaburg. These lands are owned by Haida Corporation, and include important watershed resources, areas of potential recreational and economic value, areas suitable for residential and municipal uses, and areas along the shore suitable for water-dependent uses. Under section 14(c)3 of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA), Hydaburg is entitled to reconveyance of up to 1,280 acres of land from Haida Corporation. These lands would greatly increase the community's jurisdictional boun- daries and resource base. Tentative identification of lands most suitable for recon- veyance has been made, but final decisions rest on future surveys and management plans of the entities involved. GOAL 3: Expand Hydaburg's legal geographical boun- daries to increase its resource base for management, use, and protection. Objective 3.1: Survey and make final determina- tion of lands most suitable for Hydaburg's purposes under section 14(c)3 of ANCSA. Objective 3.2: Reach agreement with Haida Corpo- ration about which lands may be conveyed to Hydaburg. Objective 3.3: Develop a comprehensive develop- ment plan. ISSUE 4: MUNICIPAL SERVICES The greatest concerns with municipal services are the pro- vision of water, sewage treatment, and solid waste disposal. Currently, these services meet the community's needs only marginally and could not meet the demands projected by 1985. Water supply is a problem because of inadequate capacity and inefficient equipment. Sewage treatment has been a problem in Hydaburg since the introduction of a seconday treatment plant in 1976. Before that year, raw sewage was channeled into Sukkwan Strait and removed by tidal action. Hydaburg accepted the treat- ment plant to avert any possible adverse environmental impacts. The main concern with sewage treatment today is the facility's location in a residential area. Mainte- nance problems sometimes occur, causing undesirable odors. PD500.006 6-3 The city would like to move the facility, perhaps to the proposed industrial site. Relocation would, however, be costly, requiring new pipe routes and lift stations. For this reason, relocation is considered a long-term proposal. More immediate measures could be concentrated on proper operation and maintenance of the plant in its current loca- tion. Solid waste disposal in Hydaburg presents difficulties because of the poorly drained soils that characterize the areas's geology. The current landfill site is above the city's water intake site on the Hydaburg River. Rainwater collected at the landfill site seeps into the river, pos- sibly adding contaminants to the stream. The straightfor- ward solution would be to relocate the landfill to a site adjacent to the city's proposed industrial park. GOAL 4: Provide the community with safe and adequate water supply, sewage treatment, and solid waste disposal. Objective 4.1: Upgrade the water delivery and storage system. Objective 4.2: Develop a long-range plan for moving the sewage treatment facili- ty to a more environmentally suit- able location. Objective 4.3: Move solid waste disposal to the proposed new landfill site. ISSUE 5: ELECTRICAL POWER DEMAND Hydaburg's current electricity needs are provided by diesel generators. Because of projected demands and estimated future cost of diesel, it would be uneconomical to intro- duce more generation of this type. The community is there- fore looking for alternatives. GOAL 5: Provide Hydaburg with economically sound alternative energy sources that will meet its projected electrical needs. Objective 5.1: Support the soonest possible devel- opment of a hydroelectric site. objective 5.2: Determine the feasibility of pro- ducing electricity from wood wastes, wind energy, and a low- head hydroelectric operation at the Hydaburg River dam site. PD500.006 6-4 ISSUE 6: TRANSPORTATION Because of Hydaburg's geographical location and the pre- vailing weather patterns, storms sometimes cause excess- ive wave action against the city's boat harbor and docking facility. Increased protection of these facilities is needed. There is also a need to upgrade the city's overall water, land, and air transportation systems as the commu- nity begins to grow and requires more use of the systems. Hydaburg is not connected by road to any other communities on the island. Sealaska Corporation and Haida Corporation are currently negotiating with the Alaska Department of Transportation to construct a road segment from Hydaburg to the mouth of the Natzuhini as part of the Prince of Wales Island road system. The corporations would be re- imbursed by DOT for construction costs after the road is built. This road would provide important access to goods and services in Hollis, Craig, and Klawock, as well as to ferry service at Hollis and air service at Klawock. GOAL 6: Develop water, air, and land transportation systems according to the community's needs. Objective 6.1: Provide a barge unloading facility compatible with road access. Objective 6.2: Develop harbor and dock protection facilities for sea transportation. Objective 6.3: Upgrade the city's main arterials to two lanes, according to Federal Highway Administration standards. Objective 6.4: Develop a land-based community airport with arterial road access. Objective 6.5: Support the expeditious construc- tion of the Hydaburg-Natzuhini road connection. ISSUE 7: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Hydaburg is faced today with the need to develop a stable, diverse, productive economy to achieve a desired standard of living. Fishing and fish processing are the community's only major economic activities. The seasonal and cyclical nature of commercial fishing results in a generally high unemployment rate, and other employment opportunities are limited. Economic hope for the community rests primarily on Haida Corporation's economic development plans. To a lesser degree, economic improvements can be realized through city PD500.006 6-5 administrative actions, such as ordinances to encourage business developments. GOAL 7: Provide a stable, diversified, productive economy, increasing employment and income opportunities for the community. Objective 7.1: Support development of timber resources. Objective 7.2: Encourage construction of docking, storage, and processing facilities to handle corporation timber re- sources. Objective 7.3: Support diversification of the fishing industry to include shell- fish and bottomfish processing and marketing. Objective 7.4: Support development of stevedoring and longshoring enterprises. Objective 7.5: Develop small business enterprises. Objective 7.6: Encourage development of career and vocational training programs for the community. ISSUE 8: HOUSING Residential space is an obvious need, as evidenced by cases of multiple families sharing one dwelling. Suitable areas will have to be designated and developed for this purpose. In addition, many existing homes are badly in need of repair. GOAL 8: Provide housing opportunities for current residents and for new residents consistent with economic and population growth goals. Objective 8.1: Repair existing homes. Objective 8.2: Make property available for resi- dential development. Objective 8.3: Make housing available for tran- sient workers and seasonal workers. ISSUE 9: POPULATION TRENDS Since 1970, in-migrating Haidas have nearly doubled Hyda- burg's population. Today, there are approximately 400 PD500.006 6-6 people living in Hydaburg, 87 percent natives. Projections show that the population could double again by 1985, as resource exploitation and economic activities increase in the area. This prospect is threatening to many people who enjoy living in a small community near relatives and friends. In addition, most of the people have strong tra- ditional feelings and are concerned with maintaining the predominantly native character of their city whether pop- ulation grows or not. The problems are essentially that while economic develop- ment is needed and pursued by the community, local people may lack the training to absorb all the new positions development creates. In addition, not enough Haidas living outside of Hydaburg may be sufficiently trained or willing to migrate and take the new positions. As a result, it appears that the ratio of non-natives to natives will in- crease somewhat. If the city is to have some control over its population characteristics, policies will have to be developed through planning and community participation, setting priorities for job training, property sales, leases, and rentals. GOAL 9: Control population growth through planning, in order to maintain the.cultural identity of the community. Objective 9.1: Influence population characteris- tics through economic development decisions. Objective 9.2: Develop employment training pro- grams for the local population. Objective 9.3: Encourage Haida Corporation to hire Haida shareholders living outside the community when eco- nomically feasible. Objective 9.4: Revitalize cultural awareness. PD500.006 6-7 I I I I I I I I I I 0 7: 0 j I -A Esd @@ CHAPTER 7 1 1 Analysis Chapter 7 ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION This analysis presents a general assessment of the re- sources within the planning area and an evaluation of how particular resources or resource areas may be affected by future activities. The first section discusses the City of Hydaburg and the socioeconomic considerations of devel- opment. The following section discusses development con- siderations within the entire planning area. Additional evaluation of AMSA's is contained in Chapter g. CITY OF HYDABURG A primary consideration in Hydaburg's planning and manage- ment decisions is the relationship between economic devel- opment and population growth. Hydaburg's population has historically fluctuated according to the economic condi- tions of the area. The planned timber operations and other development activities of the native corporations could require a substantially increased labor pool. Following past trends, these economic opportunities could result in the in-migration of Haidas now living outside Hydaburg. Rapid economic development could also bring an influx of non-native workers, changing the city's traditional popu- lation characteristics. Haida Corporation has predicted that the city's population could as much as double over the next 5 to 10 years. In its statement of goals (Chapter 6), Hydaburg has in- cluded the need to provide a stable, diversified, produc- tive economy, increasing employment and income opportuni- ties for the community. The city also states the impor- tance of maintaining the quality of life and the cultural identity of the community. The achievement of these goals will require careful planning for orderly, controlled growth. The sections below identify the demands that growth will make on the city's resources and services. They also analyze the capability of existing resources and services to meet these demands. This information is essential to anticipate necessary planning actions and make knowledgable decisions that will fulfill the city's goals. Population Characteristics/Cultural Identity The determination of population characteristics (i.e., who will or will not live in the city) is beyond the direct control of any city. However, population characteristics can be influenced to some extent. The city and Haida PD500.007 7-1 Corporation can give preference to hiring Haida share- holders now living outside the community. The city and Haida Corporation also can provide employment training opportunities both for residents and for Haidas wishing to return to the community. Cultural identity can be maintained and strengthened through education, community activities, and the proposed cultural center for Haida traditions and arts. Future Land Use Future land uses for the City of Hydaburg include residen- tial, commercial, and industrial lands of various types (see Figure 24 in Chapter 8). Commercial uses will be concentrated in the area of the proposed commercial development site (south of 8th Street), and along Quarry Loop Road. Water-related commercial areas will occur in the uplands next to the marina (restricted deeds are interspersed), and lands just north of the proposed barge loading facility. Industrial development will occur , where the rock quarry exists, both during rock excavation and for future permanent uses. Water-dependent indus- trial development will occur throughout the barge loading area to provide the necessary land base for barge materials handling and storage. Water- related indus- trial uses will occur just across Cedar Street Extension from the barge facility, to provide additional backup lands. Water-dependent and water-related commercial uses and industrial uses will be interspersed throughout the causeway/city dock area. This area is currently a mixture of commercial and industrial uses, and will be further developed in that manner with the specialty sea- foods plant and other related facilities. The school tract area generally follows the school prop- erty, minus lands adjacent to the Hydaburg River. This tract will accommodate all future expansion needs of the school. The remainder of land within the corporate limits is gen- erally planned for residential development. Building con- straints exist in some areas, which are mapped according to the degree of constraint. Soils and Geology The city must consider the soils and geology of the area in planning for future development. The two greatest con- siderations are high organic soils and steep slopes. The following practices are recommended for future development in the city: 1. Road construction in the muskeg/high organic soils must be carefully planned and designed to minimize structural failures and adverse impacts to local .PD500.007 7-2 drainage. In most cases, the existing soils must be removed and replaced with structurally sound fill materials. 2. Road construction in steep slope areas, especially in the vicinity of the Hydaburg River, must be de- signed to utilize the natural contours and to mini- mize impacts to drainage. Cuts should be kept to a minimum, and should be carefully planned where they are necessary. 3. All construction activities in sloping areas should I minimize disturbance to vegetative cover. This will help maintain slope stability and minimize erosion. Natural drainage processes must be maintained. 4. Construction in muskeg areas should include the re- moval of the existing muskeg soils to bedrock or other stable materials. Structurally sound fill materials should be brought in, including proper crushed rock for driveways and roads. Waste materials should be properly disposed of to avoid erosion or wasting of adjacent soils. 5. Areas of questionable soil strength should be inves- tigated, using a backhoe to dig to bedrock or other base material. Onsite soil stability and drainage evaluations should be made to determine the appropri- ate building methods to be employed. 6. Before building in the flat muskeg areas, a study should be undertaken to determine drainage conditions in order to avoid surface water and subsurface drain- age problems. The city has two material resources. Rock is obtained from the quarry, located in the southeast part of town. Various sizes are available, depending upon the processing that is undertaken. Rock sizes available at this time range from 6 inches minus to 1-1/2 inches minus. The rock is structurally good for almost any type of construction work in the city. The quarry is expected to have many years of life. Beach sand deposits are located in the intertidal and subtidal areas at the south end and the north end of town (see below). These sands are not recommended for use in concrete because the processing requirements necessary to clean out the salts would be extensive. However, other uses may be appropriate for these materials. PD500.007 7-3 Site SAND DEPOSITS sieve Analysis #1 - North end of town 64% gravel (north of marina) 34% sand 2% fines #2 - South end of town 43% gravel (south of Beach Road) 55% sand Housing 2% fines Hydaburg's current housing stock is inadequate to meet any population increase. Some existing housing is also in need of repairs and upgrading. The city has in the past acquired fundings for housing repairs and construc- tion from HUD, the State of Alaska, and the Tlingit and Haida Central Council. The city can continue to pursue these and other sources to meet its future needs, and also can provide economic and facilities incentives for devel- opers; one example would be providing below-market lot costs in return for guaranteed numbers of units at a pre- determined cost. Health and Social Services The city considers its existing clinic inadequate to prop- erly serve its current population. An increased population would, therefore, require provision of additional medical and social services. The general types of services cur- rently provided would need to be expanded. Education Hydaburg recently acquired a $3.8 million municipal grant for construction of a new community gymnasium; repairs and expansion of existing school facilities; and the pur- chase of playground equipment. These improvements will make school facilities adequate to accommodate 150 students. The Hydaburg High School Facilities Survey and Analysis projects school enrollment to reach 150 by 1985, assuming a city population of 600. Fire and Police Protection The city's fire and police protection will need to be ex- panded to adequately serve an increased population. If the proposed Hydaburg-Natzuhini road link is constructed, there will be a need for a state constable to provide police and highway patrol. PD500.007 7-4 Electricity and Fuel Supply Electrical power supply could play an important role in future city development. Supply and costs often limit development opportunities in southeast Alaska. The City of Hydaburg is considering several energy projects to meet its anticipated needs. These are further discussed under Energy Facilities below. Population growth will also increase the demand for oil, gasoline, and diesel. Haida Oil plans additional barge delivery and expanded storage capacity to meet this demand. Water, Sewer, and Solid Waste Hydaburg's water system will have to be upgraded to meet increased demand. The city proposes to construct a new holding and intake facility at the existing Hydaburg Reser- voir site. State funding would be required for this proj- ect. Extension of the water distribution system will be required to serve new developments in the city and may require state funding assistance. Sewage collection and treatment will also have to be up- graded to meet increased demand. The existing treatment plant has several operation and maintenance problems, as well as a poor location (in a residential area). Reloca- tion, perhaps to the proposed industrial park, may even- tually be required if the costs could be justified. The collection system will have to be extended to serve new development. Again, these projects would require state funding. The existing city landfill is poorly drained, and collected water seeps into the Hydaburg River, possibly causing water quality degradation to the river. Relocation of the land- fill will be necessary to both increase its capacity and eliminate potential health hazards. The city proposes relocation to a site adjacent to the proposed industrial park. Transportation The future development of Hydaburg will be closely tied to the development of transportation systems, particularly roads. Within the city, additional streets will be neces- sary to provide access to improved areas. Access would also be improved by resurfacing existing streets, making them more passable, safer, and more easily maintained. The proposed Hydaburg-Natzuhini road segment is considered by Sealaska and Haida Corporation to be integral to their logging operations. This segment would connect Hydaburg to the Prince of Wales Island road system, greatly facili- tating access to the city from other areas. Goods and PD500.007 7-5 services from other cities could be more easily obtained, possibly at reduced costs. Residents would also have di- rect access to the ferry service at Hollis and air service at Klawock. The road could encourage more Hydaburg resi- dents to purchase vehicles, and traffic in and around the city would be increased. This could result in traffic- related problems such as safety, congestion, and parking availability. All of these factors will have an effect on the lifestyle of Hydaburg residents and will have to be considered-in the city's development plans. Access to Hydaburg would also be improved if an airstrip is constructed and air service is converted from float planes to aircraft with wheel landing gear. An airstrip has been considered by the Alaska Department of Transpor- tation and an area immediately east of the existing city has been identified as the possible future landing strip. However, a specific development program has not yet been outlined. Sealaska Corporation is considering construction of dock facilities for the transport of logs, and possibly for future transport of other goods. Again, provision of this facility would have an effect on economic opportunities and the related development of the Hydaburg area. The city would also like to construct breakwaters to protect and improve its existing dock facilities. The city has applied for state funding for this project, but monies have not yet been granted. Recreation Although Hydaburg has some formal recreation facilities, recreation within the city has historically been informal. The Totem Park is the only designated park in the city, and its purpose is more cultural than recreational. Open land within the city is used extensively. The Hydaburg River, the waterfront, and the marina facilities are im- portant recreation areas. If population growth does occur to the extent predicted, the recreational opportunities of the citizens will become increasingly important. Open space will become more scarce, and those areas that remain will experience increased use and possible degradation. Maintaining access to areas that have historically been enjoyed by all residents of the community will be an important consideration. Future plans for recreation are well underway. The city has received funding to build a new gymnasium, which will provide recreational opportunities during bad weather sea- sons. The city has plans for developing a large park area on the Hydaburg River, permanently protecting the site for future use. This park is particularly important be- cause of its central location and historical use. The PD500.007 7-6 recreational areas along the shoreline and at the marina would best be protected for future use by establishing permanent access rights to the public, through easements or other means. The planning area has only two developed recreation sites, the U.S. Forest Service cabins at Essowah Lakes and Lake Josephine. More facilities and sites have not been devel- oped because of the area's remoteness and the consequent low user demand. Future use of the area by outside recrea- tionists (from Ketchikan, Seattle, etc.) may see some growth, but is not expected to increase significantly. Hydaburg residents have informally used various sites for many years. Many of these sites are traditional and cus- tomary camps, picnic spots, and beachcombing areas. These areas should not necessarily be developed, however, since they could lose their character and possibly their attrac- tion to the local residents. These sites are mostly under the ownership of the native corporations or the U.S. Forest Service, and as such are not under the direct control of the resident users. Most or all of these sites could be easily protected for future use with a minimal cost to the landowners. However, aesthetic and scenic amenities may be altered by the future development (such as timber harvesting) of adjacent or nearby areas. PLANNING AREA Energy Facilities The City of Hydaburg is strongly interested in developing new energy facilities to meet its future needs. The cur- rent energy situation (diesel-fueled generators) imposes a burden on residents and industries because of high per kilowatt costs and inadequate power generation. Cheaper electrical power would greatly help low-income households and would bring added incentive to new industrial develop- ment (such as the fish processing industry). The Reynolds Creek hydropower project is the only large- scale project that has been identified within the planning area. The State of Alaska has been studying this site and the Black Bear Lake site (east of Klawock) for several years to determine the best location for primary develop- ment. Recently, the state informally identified the Black Bear site as the preferred development. The project is projected to meet the electric power needs of Hydaburg, Craig, and Klawock through the 19801s. Reynolds Creek may be developed after Black Bear if the area's electrical demand exceeds the power output of Black Bear Lake. The Reynolds Creek project could use several different development options, depending on the power needs and available funds. A preliminary environmental analysis PD500.007 7-7 I suggests that the Portage Creek salmon fishery could be adversely impacted by the transbasin diversion of Lake Josephine. Loading facilities (for construction) at Copper Harbor could impact the local salmon passage to Reynolds Creek, as could the Lake Mellen discharge of water through a penstock to a powerhouse. The extent of these impacts to the salmon fishery may be mitigated through various design modifications, although this cannot be determined until further studies are undertaken. Raised lake levels could affect the grayling populations of Lake Mellen, Summit Lake, and Lake Marge if they are used for water storage. Alternative energy sources are also being considered by the city, and state grants have been pursued to help fund the feasibility study costs. A wind generator is being considered for local use; the proposed location is where the city's water storage tank now sits. The site experi- ences considerable wind through most of the year. The grant request was to begin a formal monitoring program of the wind conditions. This type of facility would have a nominal effect on the local resources. Because of the central location, electricity distribution costs would be minimal. some noise would be generated by the blades of the machine, although technology continues to improve on the design to minimize such factors. The generator could not be expected to meet all the city's electrical needs, but it could play an important role in general supply. All such wind systems require full backup facilities, which could be provided by the existing diesel generators. The city is also considering low-head hydroelectric facili- ties, to be located at the Hydaburg Reservoir. Low-head (low velocity) hydro equipment could be placed on the dam as a part of the future water resource development. The city is considering improving the impoundment facilities and dam wall, building a penstock, and providing other needs for full development of the reservoir for water ser- vices to the city. The low-head hydro project could be incorporated into the design of these facilities. The primary impacts would be to the Hydaburg River fishery. These impacts could be minimized by properly designing fish bypass facilities, ladders, or other features as appropriate. A thorough study of the impoundment and hydro facility would identify what the specific impacts may be to the hydrology, water quality, and movement of fish and other aquatic organisms; specific mitigation measures could then be determined. Such development can generally incorporate adequate mitigation within the de- sign to achieve a high degree of environmental protection. A third alternative energy possibility is the production of electricity from wood wastes in connection with the timber harvest activities expected to occur. No specific studies have yet been outlined. 16, PD500.007 7-8 mining and Minerals Processing There are no known plans at this time for significant min- ing activities or minerals processing within the planning area. Historically, several attempts have been made at mining and processing, primarily in the Coppermountain area of Hetta Inlet (see Geology section). Most of these commercial mining attempts were pursued for less than 10 years. Although several mining claims currently exist throughout the planning area (see Figure 12), there is no indication that any of these mines will experience commercial development in the near future. Minerals exploration can be expected to expand in the future, however, since land ownership has changed dramati- cally in the past decade. Sealaska Corporation now has vast holdings throughout Long Island and south Prince of Wales Island, and its holdings will be expanded. The cor- poration is conducting a resource inventory that includes the investigation of subsurface minerals. Sealaska is very interested in the prospects of future minerals devel- opment, and can be expected to pursue minerals exploration. Other private interests have recently begun sensitive ground monitoring of the south Prince of Wales area, for Ilk both minerals and fossil fuels. This exploration has been kept confidential, and the extent of the investigations or the expected discoveries are not known. The interest in subsurface minerals and fuels in this area A is a result of some preliminary assumptions that have been made about the local geology and consequent potential for minerals and fuels deposits. These assumptions have not yet been substantiated, although the numerous mining claims and past mining attempts do suggest the potential for a relatively rich subsurface resource base. If minerals or fossil fuel deposits of a commercial value are discovered, the development of those resources could significantly change the character of the surrounding area. 4 Fossil fuel development can sometimes be fairly unobtrusive, with the drilling rigs and platforms the most significant aspect of the actual extraction process. Depending on the extent of the resource, however, the support facilities can be substantial. These would include materials storage, shops, fuels storage, housing facilities, and transport (pipelines, shipping) facilities. Support facilities of a large fossil fuel development could directly impact a significant area. However, many of these facilities can be located in the least damaging sites, and provisions can be made for complete removal of all structures and materials after completion of the extraction. The mining of subsurface minerals can significantly alter the landscape. Minerals are extracted by either subsur- PD500.007 7-9 face tunnels and shafts or by surface mining methods. Subsurface mining does not necessarily alter the local topography (unless subsidence, or ground sinking, occurs) because it requires only one or a few entrances at the surface. Surface mining, on the other hand, requires a substantial alteration of the local topography and the removal of all local soils. Both mining practices do require the disposal of considerable waste materials (rock, dirt). Historically this has been side-casted, resulting in sedimentation and erosion problems. The open mine can cause problems with local soil erosion, slope failure, and watershed sedimentation because of the open cuts into the hillsides. Impacts caused by this type of mining can be long term. Not all mining activities will necessarily cause long-term or significant impacts to the local environment. However, it has been proven that all mining activities, especially in areas of steep topography and high annual rainfall, must be properly planned and engineered to protect the other local resources. State and Federal mining regula- tions are often adequate to protect the surrounding envi- ronment, although certain areas would require very special design and control features to protect locally sensitive environmental features. Earthquake Hazard According to a U.S. Geological Survey publication (Lemke and Yehle, 1972), most, if not all, of southeast Alaska tentatively should be placed in seismic zone 3. In this zone, earthquakes of magnitude greater than 6 will occur from time to time, possibly causing major damage in man- made structures. Based on current knowledge, the largest earthquakes will occur most frequently near the coast or offshore, along a segment or extension of the active Queen Charlotte Islands fault system. This is outside the plan- ning area, about 40 miles west of Dall Island. However, the report also states that although earthquakes of magnitude 8 or greater are much more unlikely to occur farther inland, they cannot be entirely ruled out. Possible effects of a major earthquake in the planning area include ground shaking, liquefaction in cohesionless materials, reaction of sensitive and quick clays, and earthquake-induced slides and slumps. The variable most responsible for the degree of shaking at any epicentral distance is the type of ground. Gener- ally, shaking is considerably greater in poorly consoli- dated deposits than in hard bedrock, particularly if the deposits are water saturated. Severe shaking of alluvial deposits and manmade fill, with resultant heavy damage, is well documented from the records of many past earthquakes. PD500.007 7-10 Liquefaction of sand and silt is a fairly common effect of large earthquakes. When part of a sloping soil mass liquefies, the entire mass can undergo catastrophic failure and can flow as a high-density liquid. In southeastern Alaska, deltaic deposits probably would be most susceptible to liquefaction. Sensitive and quick clays, which lose a considerable part of their strength when shaken, commonly fail during an earthquake and become rapid earthflows. Extensive studies were made of the sensitivity of the Bootlegger Cove Clay at Anchorage because of the marked loss of shear strength and dramatic failures of the deposits during the Alaska earthquake of 1964. If similar sensitive clays are pres- ent in some places in southeastern Alaska, they most likely are in some of the emergent fine-grained marine deposits; supporting data to confirm their presence, how- ever, are largely lacking. Earthquake-induced sliding on land generally is confined to steep slopes, but may take place in fine-grained de- posits on moderately to nearly flat surfaces if the de- posits are subject to liquefaction. Earthquake records are replete with accounts of sliding of surficial deposits during moderate to large earthquakes. Most or all of the general factors that favor landsliding are present in south- eastern Alaska. Historical records show the occurrence of three earthquakes within the planning area. All occurred between 1899 and 1969 and had a magnitude of less than 5 (see Figure 12). There is no historical record of any of the effects dis- cussed above occurring within the planning area. Fisheries Enhancement and Fish Processin The formal identification of streams proposed for fishery enhancement efforts has not occurred within the planning area, except at Hetta Lake. Several streams have experi- enced declines in fish use, but specific causes and solutions are not clearly known. Local residents have identified various streams that have experienced reduced salmon returns, most notably Hetta Lake, Essowah Lake, and Eek Lake, where sockeye returns have declined in recent years. specific enhancement measures have not been imple- mented for any of these sites. The Hetta Lake problem has been identified as nutrient depletion, which prevents the lake from producing enough food for sockeye populations. A fertilization program for the lake was undertaken last year by the Department of Fish and Game, but was abandoned because of a questionable broodstock and considerable van- dalism. Other streams often have in-stream blockage prob- lems, which impede the upstream and/or downstream migration of the fish. Blockage will often result from tree blowdown, where excessive debris build-up makes the stream impassable. PD500.007 7-11 The removal of this debris is difficult and costly in most cases because of access problems. However, when logging activity is brought into an area, available equipment can be used for nearby stream clearance at a more reasonable cost. Haida Corporation is exploring the possibilities of fish hatchery development to improve the local fishery and di- versify the local economy. Two sites have been tentatively identified for future study. Both sites appear to have a strong potential for salmon production; one stream has a good record of historical use by sockeye. Consideration of these sites is only preliminary, and one site is not within existing Haida Corporation holdings. The sites have not been mapped yet, as further studies must be under- taken. Fish processing has also been given a high priority by Haida Corporation as a means to expand the local economy and better use many of the area's resources. The existing fish processing facility operated by Haida Corporation cleans and freezes commercial species such as halibut and salmon for shipment to outside markets. Haida Corporation is planning to build a specialty seafoods plant at Hydaburg to utilize fish and shellfish species that are not cur- rently commercially marketed. The seafood plant is ex- pected to be operating in 1983. The resource extent of several species that are being considered for processing, such as geoduck, cannot be evaluated until harvesting rec- ords are developed. However, several common species, such as halibut and cod, will be utilized for base production. The resource appears to be extensive enough to support this fishery without long-term problems. Timber Harvesting Timber harvesting is expected to occur throughout the plan- ning area, as intensive forest management practices are to be implemented by Sealaska, Klukwan, the U.S. Forest Service, and Haida Corporation. Forest practices under state and Federal guidelines generally are protective of the soils, streams, and other resources of the environment. However, past intensive harvesting activities within sensi- tive watersheds have shown that sedimentation and water quality impacts can cause long-term impacts to fish and wildlife resources. The planning area is faced with the potential conflicts between timber harvesting and resource (particularly fish) protection. The rich waters are essential to the economy and the lifestyle of the residents of Hydaburg. At the same time, all the major landowners have the responsibility to use their timber resources for the best use. The two considerations must work hand in hand. PD500.007 7-12 I I I I I I I I I I 1 0 I I CHAPTER 8 1 District Policies I and Implementation 4 .4 G; 6 P,4 @ : ft-) n .4 Chapter 8 DISTRICT POLICIES AND IMPLEMENTATION INTRODUCTION The policies and implementation procedures defined in this chapter are central to the Hydaburg Coastal Manage- ment Plan. They serve as a guide for making future man- agement decisions and provide ways to make the decisions effective. They have been developed to be comprehensive, specific, and enforceable to the extent allowed by the program's authority. They have also been developed to be as clear and straightforward.as possible. The coastal management plan will only be as strong as it is workable. The chapter begins with a summary of the authority the district has for implementing its program, and a discus- sion of the parties responsible for implementation. This is followed by the district policies and the implementa- tion structure. The key to implementation of the coastal management plan is the consistency determination. This is the means by which the district can directly apply its policies, or rules, to a specific proposed activity and determine if that activity is consistent with the plan. The chapter ends with a discussion of procedures for the appeal of decisions, field checking, and enforcement within the district. The coastal management plan is meant to be a dynamic and flexible tool that the district can use to manage new and emerging issues as well as those that prompted the initial development of the program. As new information and condi- tions arise, there may be a need to amend the original plan. Appendix C contains a summary of Alaska Coastal Management Act (ACMA) regulations for making amendments to the Hydaburg Coastal Management Plan. AUTHORITY Hydaburg's corporate limits comprise the Hydaburg coastal district, as defined in ACMA Section 46.40.120. The Hyda- burg coastal district has the authority to implement and enforce the coastal management plan with regard to local actions (municipal and private actions that are not initi- ated or regulated by a state or Federal agency) within the district. In addition, actions by state and Federal agencies must be consistent to the maximum extent prac- ticable with the approved district coastal management plan. This means that the agency initiating or regulat- ing the action must give "great weight" to the district's determination of whether or not the action is consistent with the coastal management plan. PD500.008 8-1 I Hydaburg recently adopted an ordinance establishing a Planning and Zoning Commission and providing for its duties, functions, and administrative procedures. As specified in the ordinance, the Commission will prepare and recommend to the City Council a comprehensive plan, a zoning ordinance, a watershed protection ordinance, and a subdivision ordinance for the city. The district can use these ordinances as a means and authority for locally implementing the coastal management plan. In addition, existing laws and regulations of the state and Federal government will serve as implementation means and author- ity. Appendix C contains a discussion and a chart of the laws and regulations that could fall within the coastal management program. The city gave concept approval to the coastal management program in January 1983 (see Appendix C for the approval resolution), and will adopt the final program by ordinance after it is approved by the Alaska Coastal Policy Council. RESPONSIBLE PARTIES Under Hydaburg's existing administrative structure (see Chapter 2), the mayor is the city's chief administrative officer. As such, he will be responsible for implementing the coastal management plan. The mayor may be assisted by the city administrator if the mayor assigns those duties to him. In either case, the mayor has final respon- sibility for ensuring the day-to-day.implementation of the plan. In conducting the consistency review, the mayor or city administrator will use to the fullest extent possible appropriate city council groups or persons in a consulting or liaison capacity. For local actions that are appealed (see Appeals section, below), the city council will sit as the board of adjustment. DISTRICT POLICIES The district policies are the enforceable rules of the coastal management plan. They were developed on the basis of the inventory data; the issues, goals, and objectives; and the findings of the analysis. By defining the district's overall priorities and development criteria, the policies provide the basic framework for management decisions. The district will evaluate all proposed uses and activities to determine if they are consistent with the applicable policies. The future land use map (Figure 24) is also an important guideline for making consistency determinations. It desig- LE nates land uses within the district, based on the physical inventory and on district policies. The map is referred PD500.008 8-2 10 This pi,qject,as suppamd, in part, by Federal Coastal Zone Management Program Implementation HYDABURG CORPORATE LIMITS F,ads (P.L. 92-583, Se,. 306) ,.nled to the State of Alaska by the Office of Coastal Zone Managamen I. net 0k,eanicn,,,,.dfAtnaosphe,ic .......... ... AdministratioNan.S. a ............ nd stria X. ock C a :7, ... ........ ....... .... ....... ...... Water Related Kx""g. Commercial ial .......... . . . rap :Sanitary W "w @W' lu ...... Mp W fe Dependent Commerc- 0*"::.@:I;,-:,@.x. ...... X. -7@ r ... ........... . Marina ............ 71 a lesidehtiay.@i@`.:: Prep -na '@k iz X", Water Related LXND@@"@ TIDE Commercial BOUND la, X-X: S-g. whinent N" SUKKWAN STRAIT .110al, W t r Related W:t r Depend Co mercial & Cannery -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 ------ HYDABURG COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM Land Use Designations CHMNHILL 1981/1982 RECREATION Em COMMERCIAL Land Cohditions BASE MAP SOURCE: 1951 USGS, RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL NON-DEVE 0 Craig @A 2 & A-3), Alaska, Im Feet 300 f@,? Original Scale 1" - 1 Mile or 1: 63,360 D VELOPA PUBLIC SERVICE INDUSTRIAL to in the policies and can be used in conjunction with them in evaluating proposed actions. The district policies are presented below. They are fol- lowed by a description of the uses and activities that are subject to these policies, and by a general definition of proper and improper uses and activities. General Policies 1. It is the general policy of the Hydaburg coastal management district to approve specific proposals for uses and activities within areas of the district designated for those uses and activities (see Fig- ure 24, Future Land Use). 2. It is the general policy of the district to determine whether specific proposals will or will not be ap- proved by using existing means of evaluation to the greatest extent possible. These means will include a comprehensive plan, a zoning ordinance, a subdivi- sion ordinance, a watershed protection ordinance, a building code ordinance, and state and Federal statutes and regulations. 3. It is the general policy of the district to pursue and maximize communication and cooperative agreements with native corporations and state and Federal agen- cies for maximum possible protection of significant resources identified within the district. 4. It is the general policy of the district to formally adopt all of the standards and policies of the Alaska Coastal Management Program. Coastal Development and Land Use Policies (6 AAC 80.040)* 1. Reserve waterfront properties (as mapped in the Future Land Use map) for, in the order of priority: Water-dependent uses and activities Water-related uses and activities Uses and activities necessary to meet the pub- lic need and for which there is no feasible inland alternative 2. Maintain, enhance, and permanently protect public access to the waterfront for traditional and custom- ary natural resource use and for recreation use. *Applicable standard or guideline of Alaska Coastal Manage- ment Program. PD500.008 8-5 3. Restrict development of areas adjacent to Hydaburg River to environmentally compatible uses. Maintain public access and use of the river below the munici- pal water supply intake. 4. Provide economic and facilities incentives to devel- opers to encourage construction of needed housing. 5. Separate development as appropriate to avoid impacts caused by conflicting uses (such as residential and industrial). 6. Centralize commercial activities within a business district for the most efficient use of resources. 7. Centralize industrial activities within an indus- trial district for the most efficient use of re- sources. 8. Avoid or minimize the discharge of dredged or fill material into waters of the United States through the use of other practical alternatives. 9. Avoid the discharge of dredged or fill material into wetlands where practical alternatives exist. 10. Place heavy equipment that is operating in wetlands on mats. 11. Remove entirely all temporary fills. Geophysical Hazard Areas Policies (6 AAC 80.050) 1. Where alternatives exist, prohibit development from occurring in known or potential geophysical hazard areas. 2. Where no feasible alternatives exist, allow develop- ment in a known or potential geophysical hazard area only if siting, design, and construction measures have been provided in accordance with zoning and building ordinances to minimize damage and protect against loss of life. Recreation Policies (6 AAC 80.060) 1. Designate and preserve areas within the City of Hyda- burg for parks and open space. Do not allow camping in these city recreation areas. 2. Give priority to recreational uses over all nonrec- reational uses in areas of traditional and customary recreation use. PD500.008 8-6 3. Regulate surrounding uses and activities to minimize possible adverse impacts on recreational activities and areas. 4. Identify, maintain and enhance access to traditional and customary recreational areas. Energy Facilities Policies (6 AAC 80.070) 1. Pursue studies and funding to determine the feasibil- ity of producing electricity from wind energy and from a low-head hydroelectric facility at the Hyda- burg Reservoir for the City of Hydaburg. 2. Support and encourage the development of cogeneration energy facilities related to wood products and other industrial processes in the Hydaburg area. Transportation and Utilities Policies (6 AAC 80.080) 1. Improve and maintain existing streets and construct new streets necessary to provide access to improved areas within the city. 2. Develop auxiliary roads necessary to support commer- cial and industrial activities. Plan roads to cause as little erosion and disruption as possible, and provide necessary maintenance to ensure good surfaces and safe usage. 3. Develop a helipad with arterial road access. 4. Develop harbor and dock protection facilities for sea transportation. 5. Provide a barge unloading facility compatible with road access. 6. Obtain funding to relocate and redesign the sewage treatment plant; relocate the solid waste disposal facility; and improve the water system so these facilities are adequate to serve existing and new development. 7. Provide marine waste (oils, garbage) disposal facili- ties. 8. Site transportation and utility routes and facili- ties in environmentally suitable locations. Site routes and facilities inland from beaches and shore- lines unless they are water-dependent or unless no feasible alternative exists to meet the public need for them. PD500-008 8-7 Community Services Policies 1. Provide medical and social services, school facili- ties, and fire and police protection adequate to meet the needs of the population. Fish and Seafood Processing Policies (6 AAC 80.090) 1. Locate fish and seafood processing facilities in sites designated as suitable for that use on the Future Land Use map (Figure 24). 2. Diversify the fishing industry to include shellfish and bottomfish processing and marketing where the resource extent is found adequate. 3. Require adequate design and control of processing facilities, in accordance with state and Federal requirements, to prevent negative impacts on sur- rounding coastal habitats. 4. Encourage the utilization of fish processing by- products. 5. Encourage development of salmon spawning escapement goals for the Hydaburg River. 6. Site breakwaters, outfalls, and other in-water struc- tures so proper flushing is maintained. Timber Harvest and Processing Policies (6 AAC 80.100) 1. Restrict timber-related development to industrial areas. 2. Allow commercial harvest by selective cut only. 3. Do not allow commercial log water storage. 4. Limit the gathering of firewood to blowdown and waste wood, and explore establishing a permit system for the future gathering of firewood. 5. Require timber waste disposal measures at city- designated disposal sites that do not adversely af- fect the environment. Mining and Mineral Processing Policies (6 AAC 80.1191 1. Prohibit sand and gravel extraction in coastal waters, intertidal areas, barrier islands, and spits when practicable upland alternatives are available. Lo- cate extraction where it will have the least environ- mental impact and the least conflict with nearby uses and activities. For any in-water extraction PD500.008 8-8 activities, use all protective measures available to minimize habitat degradation in adjacent waters. Schedule in-water activities to protect seasonal biological processes. 2. Require adequate design and control features for mining activities (including disposal of waste mate- rials) to prevent soil erosion, slope failure, and watershed sedimentation and to protect locally sensi- tive environmental features. Employment and Economic Development Policies 1. Support the development of stevedoring and longshor- ing enterprises within the city. 2. Encourage and, where possible, provide incentives for the development of small business enterprises that utilize local resources. 3. Develop economic investment incentives for economic expansion in the city. 4. Pursue all avenues for the development of vocational training programs and training opportunities for residents and for Haidas wishing to return to the community. 5. Support preferential hiring of residents and of Haidas wishing to return to the community for local employment opportunities in the city where available and qualified. Traditional and Customary Natural Resource Use Policies (6 AAC 80.120) 1. When it is necessary to restrict renewable natural resource use on district lands to ensure the contin- ued viability of the resource, give priority consump- tive use to non-wasteful traditional and customary uses and activities. 2. Authorize potentially conflicting uses or activities within designated traditional and customary areas only after a study of possible adverse impacts has been conducted and appropriate safeguards have been provided to ensure resource conservation. 3. Evaluate surrounding uses and activities for their possible adverse impacts on traditional and custom- ary natural resources and areas, and provide appro- priate safeguards for the resources as necessary. 4. Maintain and enhance public access to traditional and customary areas. PD500.008 8-9 5. Pursue cooperation with adjacent landowners and land managers, including native corporations, and appro- priate state and Federal agencies in managing tradi- tional and customary activities on public coastal land and in protecting the continued viability of all wild renewable resources. Habitats Policies (6 AAC 80.130) 1. Protect and enhance fish and wildlife habitats that are important to the people of Hydaburg for tradi- tional and customary uses. 2. Give priority to the maintenance of important wild- life areas, wherever practicable, when use conflicts are being considered. 3. Maintain the Hydaburg River as an important fish and wildlife habitat. 4. Develop an educational program with the Hydaburg School District to further educate the youth of Hyda- burg about the values and importance of habitat main- tenance. Air, Land, and Water Quality Policies (6 ACC 80.140) 1. Do not discharge dredged or fill material near a public water supply intake without appropriate design features to protect the intake from sedimentation or other adverse impacts. 2. Ensure that discharged dredged or fill material con- sists of suitable material free from toxic pollutants in other than trace quantities. 3. Ensure that impoundment water created by the dis- charge of dredged or fill material does not cause adverse impacts on the aquatic system by accelerat- ing or restricting its flow. 4. Properly maintain the fill created by the discharged material to prevent erosion and other nonpoint sources of pollution. 5. Further develop and implement the city's monitoring program for the Hydaburg River to ensure safe drink- ing water for the residents. 6. Develop and adopt a municipal watershed protection ordinance, as per AS 29.48.037. 7. Work closely with the Department of Environmental Conservation and concerned adjacent landowners to PD500.008 8-10 develop a comprehensive water quality management plan for the Hydaburg River. 8. Develop procedures for the city to work with the Department of Environmental Conservation to identify and clean up point and nonpoint pollution sources. 9. Incorporate into the coastal management plan the regulations of the Alaska Department of Environmen- tal Conservation for the protection of air, land, and water quality. Historic, Prehistoric, and Archaeological Resources Poli- HT-es (6 AAC 80.150) 1. Preserve historic, prehistoric, and archaeological resources to the maximum extent possible. 2. Protect historic, prehistoric, and archaeological resources to the maximum extent possible from ad- verse impacts caused by surrounding uses and activi- ties. Uses of State or National Concern - Policies 1. Do not arbitrarily or unreasonably exclude or re- strict uses of state or national concern. Subject Uses (6 AAC 85.070) All residential, commercial, industrial, and governmental uses of land and water within the district, whether of public or private property, and all habitats and resources within the coastal area, are subject to the policies and provisions of the Hydaburg coastal management plan. Subject uses also include "uses of state or national con- cern," which are defined as those land and water uses which would significantly affect the long-term public interest. These uses, subject to Alaska Coastal Policy Council definition of their extent, include: 0 Uses of national interest, including the use of resources for the siting of ports and major facilities which contribute to meeting national energy needs, construction and maintenance of navigational facilities and systems, resource development of Federal land, and national de- fense and related security facilities that are dependent upon coastal locations 0 Uses of more than local concern, including those land and water uses which confer significant environmental, social, cultural, or economic PD500.008 8-11 benefits or burdens beyond a single coastal district 0 The siting of major energy facilities or large- scale industrial or commercial development ac- tivities which are dependent on a coastal loca- tion and which, because of their magnitude or the magnitude of their effect on the economy of the state or the surrounding area, are reason- ably likely to present issues of more than local significance 0 Facilities serving state-wide or interregional transportation and communication needs 0 Uses in areas established as state parks or recreational areas under AS 41.20 or as state game refuges, game sanctuaries, or critical habitat areas under AS 16.20 Proper and Improper Uses (6 ACC 85.080) Land and water uses and activities within the district will be considered proper if they are consistent with the policies and provisions of the Hydaburg coastal manage- ment plan; if they comply with the regulations of the state and/or Federal agencies exercising lawful jurisdic- tion in the coastal area; and if they comply with the applicable ordinances and regulations of the City of Hydaburg. Land and water uses and activities within the district will be considered improper if they are not consistent with the policies and provisions of the Hydaburg coastal management plan; or if they do not comply with or cannot be modified to comply with applicable local, state, and Federal regulations. CONSISTENCY DETERMINATION In making consistency determinations, the district will directly apply its policies or rules to specific proposed activities. Through a well-defined process, the district will receive notification of proposed actions; complete a step-by-step checklist that provides the information neces- sary for a consistency determination; and respond to the appropriate parties. Receiving Notification of Proposed Actions The district will be informed of proposed state and Fed- eral actions by receiving notices of permit applications, public notices of actions, and general "mailing list" notifications. Table 7 lists the notices the district will routinely receive for review and possible comment. PD500.008 8-12 Table 7 PERMIT APPLICATIONS AND PUBLIC NOTICES THE HYDABURG DISTRICT WILL RECEIVE FOR REVIEW AND POSSIBLE COMMENT DISTRICT Review Time Permit/Public Notice (days) Corps Sec. 10 Permit 30 Corps Sec. 404 Permit 30 Fed. Env. Impact Statement Notice 45-90 DEC/EPA Wastewater Discharge Permit 30 DNR Water Appropriations Notice 15 DNR Tidelands Lease Notice 30 DNR Minerals Leasing Notice 30 DNR Oil & Gas Leasing Notice 30 DNR Wells & Fields Listing Notice - Coast Guard Hazardous Wastes Permit - Solid Waste Management Permit 30 FERC Hydroelectric License Permit 30 DEC Air Pollution Discharge Permit 30 DOTPF Utility Permit - DOTPF Encroachment Permit DOTPF Driveway Permit PD500.030 8-13 Appendix C contains a chart that lists the various laws and regulations that could fall within the coastal manage- ment program, including those listed in Table 7. Actions that require only local approval (municipal or private actions that are not initiated or regulated by a state or Federal agency) will all be screened by the dis- trict (see following section). Notification will be re- quired for local actions through planning and zoning proce dures (building permits, sewer extension approvals, water hook-ups, etc.). Using the Checklist for Consistency Determinations After the district receives notification of a proposed local action, it will perform an initial screening to determine -1f the consistency checklist should be completed or if existing routine and approval (such as a building permit approval) is sufficient. This screening consists of two questions that will be applied to the proposed action: 1. Will any part of the proposed action be inconsistent with the future land use plan (Figure 24)? 2. Will the proposed action have any secondary effects that will be inconsistent with the future land use plan or that will impact coastal resources? If the answer to both questions is no, the proposed ac- tion needs no further review. Typically, such actions as building permit requests or subdivision plat approvals will fall into this category. Approval by the appropri- ate existing review authority (such as the Planning and Zoning Commission) will be sufficient. If the answer to either question is yes, the checklist for consistency determination will be filled out for the proposed action. An example of a two-question screening would be a proposed extension of the road network. The extension may be consistent with the land use plan (i.e., provides access to a developable area; does not cross a designated recreation area), making the answer to ques- tion 1 "no." However, the extension could have secondary environmental impacts from construction or use. The answer to question 2 would therefore be "yes," and the action would have to be further evaluated. All proposed state and Federal actions within the dis- trict will be evaluated by means of the checklist for consistency determination. The checklist that will be used is included at the end of the chapter. The checklist is designed to be the only document necessary for evaluating proposed actions and PD500.008 8-14 for presenting an explanation of how and why a consistency determination is reached. It can be filled out to the level of detail that is appropriate for each specific action, making it both concise and comprehensive. The analysis contained in the checklist provides a legal basis for the consistency determination and sets a precedent for future application of the coastal management plan. Part I of the checklist provides a description of the proposed action, including the proponent or lead agency, the kind of action, and the location. Part II calls for an evaluation of the action's possible 1-mpacts on uses, activities, resources, and habitats in the district. It also specifies ways of obtaining addi- tional information and assistance if it is needed for this evaluation. In Part III, the impacts identified in Part II are evalu- ateT @against the district policies, and a consistency determination is made. If the district recommends pos- sible changes or conditions that could bring the action to consistency, these are also included in Part III. Finally, there is room for the district to indicate the significance of the proposed action to the coastal manage- ment plan and to make additional comments to support its position. These comments can provide a further explana- tion of why the district objects to an action it has found to be inconsistent. The comments can also empha- size why an action that is found to be consistent should occur. In this way, the district can exert a positive influence on state or Federal permitting of development that is in accordance with the coastal management plan. Responding to the Proponent or Lead Agency Once a consistency determination has been made, the mayor's office will inform the proponent or lead agency of the decision. If the district finds that a local action does not re- quire completion of the checklist, it will inform the proponent of this decision within 7 days from receipt of notification. If the checklist is required and the proposed action is found to be consistent, the district will normally submit its determination to the proponent or lead agency within 14 days from receipt of notification. If the district wishes to provide a detailed analysis of its support and needs additional time for this, it may take up to 30 days to submit its determination. If the proposed action is found to be inconsistent, the district will normally submit its determination to the PD500.008 8-15 proponent or lead agency within 30 days from receipt of notification. In cases where the state or Federal lead agency specifies a review period shorter than the above times, the dis- trict will meet the specified deadline. There may be cases where the district requires more than 30 days to make its determination (for instance, if more information must be acquired or if a public meeting is conducted). This additional time may already be within the lead agency's specified review time. If not, the district will consult with the lead agency to ensure that the additional time is permissible and that no deadlines will be missed. APPEALS Two kinds of appeal may occur after a consistency deter- mination is made: an appeal by a local proponent of the district's determination, and an appeal by the district of a state or Federal agency's decision. If a proposed local action is found to be inconsistent and is denied, the district may suggest changes or condi- tions that could make the action consistent. The propon- ent can choose to incorporate these suggestions into the proposed action and resubmit the action for considera- tion. It will then be treated as a new action, and the consistency determination process will occur from the beginning. If no modifications are recommended by the district, or if the proponent chooses not to make any changes, the proponent can appeal the district's determi- nation of inconsistency. In that case, the city council will sit as the board of adjustment. The board of adjust- ment will issue a written statement of its findings within 14 days of the proponent's appeal. The timeframe and procedures for the appeals process are outlined in the Planning and Zoning Ordinance 8.2, Section 1-4. If a state or Federal agency makes a decision contrary to the district's recommendation, the district can send a complaint stating the grounds of disagreement to the agency, with a copy sent to the Coastal Policy Council. The district can include in the complaint: 1. A written statement from the city council stat- ing its support of the district's position 2. A request that a public hearing be held in Hyda- burg concerning the proposed action and the agency's decision PD500.008 8-16 3. A request that the agency consult with appropri- ate city council advisory persons, boards, com- missions, and committees If the state or Federal agency agrees that the complaint has merit, it should work with the district and resolve the matter within 30 days from receipt of the complaint. If the disagreement cannot be settled through this pro- cess, the district can take its case to the Coastal Pol- icy Council, in accordance with the procedures outlined in ACMA Section 46.40.100. FIELD CHECKING There are two basic reasons for field checking the deci- sions that have been made based on the district program. The first is to ensure that approved projects are actu- ally being conducted properly. The second is to ensure that activities that need some type of consistency deter- mination have indeed received one. Techniques for field checking within the district include: a. Routine field inspections by city personnel of projects that are significant to the program b. Periodic checking on specific projects or loca- tions of particular concern C. Request for copies of field reports and trip reports from state and Federal personnel who make field observations; coordination of site inspection with state and Federal personnel when appropriate. Because of the limited total area of the Hydaburg coastal district, local inspection of projects or locations will be manageable. ENFORCEMENT Enforcement actions are initiated when a person, organiza- tion, or agency has violated the requirements of the dis- trict plan or has violated an approval that included a consistency determination (including possible conditions) that was based on the district plan. The first step in an enforcement action is an attempt at informal resolution of the problem. In most cases, this will serve to end the matter, since many people may not be aware of what they had to do to comply with the district plan. If in- formal means fail, one of three enforcement avenues may be appropriate: PD500.008 8-17 Local Enforcement The district has the authority to enforce its consistency determinations for local actions within the district boun- dary. It can enforce violations of the district plan that occur through noncompliance with the local building code, local zoning ordinance, subdivision ordinance, or other local permit systems. The district can gather the necessary information, and the matter will proceed in the same way enforcement of any violation of a local ordinance would. State Enforcement The district coastal plan is as much a part of state law as it is of local law. If a district determines that a violation of its coastal plan has occurred as part of a violation of a state permit condition, it can report the violation to the state agency responsible for the regula- tory process. The responsible state agency will then handle the matter in conjunction with the Alaska Depart- ment of Law. Federal Enforcement If a violation has occurred through noncompliance of a Federal permit condition, the district can report the violation to the Federal agency responsible for the regu- latory process. The responsible Federal agency will then handle the matter. PD500.008 8-18 HYDABURG COASTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM CHECKLIST FOR CONSISTENCY RECOMMENDATIONS PART I: DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTION 1. Who is the proponent or the lead agency for the proposed action? Federal (Name of agency) State Local (Name of agency) (Name of authority or proponent) 2. How was the district notified of the proposed action? F] Permit application (Name and number) Public notice (Describe) F] Mailing list F] Other (Describe) (Describe) 3. When is the district's recommendation due to the lead agenc ? ZDate) ' , 19 4. What is the action that is beinS proposed? (Give a brief description, such as "widening of road" or "construction of hydroelectric facilities.") 5. Where is the proposed action located? District (Identify by streets, etc.) Area Meriting Special Attention (Name) General planning area (Describe) PD500.036 8-19 PART II: IMPACT EVALUATION 1. What uses, activities, resources, and habitats will be altered by the pro- posed action? E] Coastal development and land use E] Geophysical hazard areas Recreation Energy facilities Transportation or utilities Community services F] Fish and seafood processing Timber harvest and processing Mining and mineral processing D Economic and employment development n Traditional and customary natural resource use F] Habitats EI Air, land, or water quality F] Historic, prehistoric, and archaeological resources 2. What type of habitat or area will be affected by the proposed action? Cmark "D" for areas directly affected, "I" for areas indirectly affected.) D I Waterway or wetland area: F] Marine water F] Shoreline/tidal n F] Stream or lake Wetland habitat (marsh, etc.) n F] Muskeg Upland and non-aquatic area n F] Within major drainage n 0 Directly adjacent to water body F] F] Generally unrelated to water body PD500-036 8-20 Zoning or management plan designation (if known): 0 (Describe) 1* What is the quality of the affected habitat? (If not known, district may consult with Alaska Department of Fish and Game) 1-1 Good E] Marginal to average 4* Have the affected uses, activities, resources, and habitats been mapped or inventoried in the coastal management program? F-1 Yes n No S. What is the nature and significance of the potential alteration(s)? (Examples: Access to a significant recreation area will be obstructed; an important traditional fishing area will be degraded by development activities.) The district may conclude at this point that it has insufficient information to fully evaluate the impacts and significance of the proposed action. If so, the following means may be used to obtain further information or assistance: a) Consult with appropriate city council advisory groups or persons b) Hold a public meeting to obtain public opinion c) Consult with the proponent or lead agency d) Consult with other appropriate agencies (such as ADFG, DEC, etc.). For state and Federal actions, the lead agency normally has responsi- bility for obtaining review comments from other agencies. The dis- trict should contact the lead agency for this information. 6. Are alternative sites available for the proposed action? FJ Yes (Describe) [:] No 7. Have alternative sites been considered by the proponent or lead agency? 0 Yes F-1 No PD500.036 8-21 PART III: CONSISTENCY DETERMINATION 1. Are the alterations that will result from the proposed action consistent with all applicable policies of the coastal management program? Yes No Name the policies with which the action is consistent/inconsistent, and briefly describe why the action is consistent/inconsistent. (Attach additional sheets if necessary.) 2. What is the district's consistency determination for the proposed action? El Consistent with the coastal management program E] Inconsistent with the coastal management program E] May be consistent if certain conditions or changes are applied (go to question 3) 3. What changes or conditions does the district recommend that may resolve conflicts and make the action consistent with the coastal management program? 4. (For district only) Does the district request that "great weight" be given to its determination because of the significance of the action? El Yes [-] No 5. What additional comments does the district have to support its consistency determination? PD500.036 8-22 I I I I I I I I I I 1 0 1 1 CHAPTER 9 1 Areas Meriting I Special Attention I ES3!n @@ I I I Chapter 9 AREAS MERITING SPECIAL ATTENTION INTRODUCTION Areas Meriting Special Attention (AMSA's) are areas that require special management because they have outstanding value to the public, they are particularly sensitive to change, or plans for the area or claims upon its resources could preclude other uses. AMSA's have been nominated within the Hydaburg District and the planning area. The following sections present management plans for each of these AMSA's, in accordance with the outline contained in the standards of the Alaska Coastal Management Program (6 AAC 80.160). Figure 25 shows the locations of the AMSA's- PD500.008 9-1 ppo,ted, t. P-, by F@-l C ..'.I Z-7 M." .... t P"q"' 'p1'--i- F-& (P.L. 92-583, S% 306) g, -d t, th, A M000%; ib@' -Z , , @Say 11 11 A11111 by 11, ffi- I Co,,,,, I-, Ma aWment, N,ti ... I 0-1i, ,d At,mph,,i Ad -il-fi- U.S. D,pa,t,e,t f C,m,e,mc FC1 4 @C L @_2 0 Ci k if, P1 A A, 4 m ta b Pt Q.e-da. F V@,O@ F@ Pt Sa m t@ R1 C 177 nton@O n@ f @B U M-1 S L A N D ;helikof G ET, .;sm DASt., 9k, 0 A IZ? I -j - L,vely k,, 'n 17, 40f 0", @J. h C@Y, Ga ca@ 'rg Hydabu St 9 %% D V. tt @'A... d) B ra - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13 D, % Mchos 0 IfA I - - -%., @,j k Euc FUi, f! 0, % Mc FAand tu 0 S qua@ Pd Ral L '14 Inlet Dickma j Bay n L V_t FOItR-T,.@ I 11T]VNAL M flen RK % ak 0' D-s IC,>@ M, XeO 4 C ukkwa Mabt A Jack son I J41, Y G 3nd I -A@!L "-I. P, I 'Q I @O t %% 90 Nb A R L (iz % N@t- P@ I S L A N D % > % T.h C." P. @o, 0, 0 0 P", A- 15 Forrester %% a @-60 r Island % % Qg Rk %% % @ds % % 11@7 % %% P@-, re; t 1-1.h R@, %% 1@ '. @i ., .. I L: 5@6- 1 % % f@7yda L li-, n:: A i I\i:ll'\Ii- V \A F) 41 MEARES PASSAGE-ARENA COVE Introduction The Meares Passage-Arena Cove Area Meriting Special Attention (AMSA) sets forth a management plan that is based on the protection and enhancement of specific coastal resources and uses. These resources and uses are described in the "Basis for Designation" section. The management plan consists of policies and an implementation process. Proper and improper uses and activities will be determined by the state and Fed- eral agencies with regulatory authorities. Through the basis for designation and the management plan, clear direction is provided for future resource management within this AMSA. Federal lands are excluded from the state's coastal zone; the AMSA boundaries therefore do not include Federal proper- ties. However, Federal consistency will be considered when activities on Federal properties may have "spillover impacts" on the adjacent AMSA. Federal activities not on Federal properties (Sec. 10 and Sec. 404 permits, grants, etc.) and within the AMSA must be consistent with the management plan to the "maximum extent practicable" (i.e., unless they will be violating another Federal law by doing so). The City of Hydaburg will be involved in the review of future activities and uses within the AMSA through receipt of permit notices, public notices, etc. as listed in Table 8. The city will submit comments, through the mayor's office, to the project sponsor and to the appropriate regulatory agency(ies). The city will use a checklist system to make advisory consistency recommendations on the proposed action. Other authorities that may be involved in the project review process and consistency determinations include: Governor's office, Division of Policy Development and Planning (for coastal management program consistency) Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (water quality protection) Alaska Department of Fish and Game (biological resources and habitat protection) Alaska Department of Natural Resources (as managers of state waters) U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (as upland land manager) PD500.008 9-5 Table 8 PERMIT APPLICATIONS AND PUBLIC NOTICES THE HYDABURG DISTRICT WILL RECEIVE FOR REVIEW AND POSSIBLE COMMENT AREAS MERITING SPECIAL ATTENTION Review Time Permit/Public Notice (days) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Sec. 10 Permit Permit 30 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Sec. 404 Permit 30 Fed. Env. Impact Statement Notice 45-90 DECAPA Wastewater Discharge Permit 30 DNR Water Appropriations Notice - DNR Tidelands Lease Notice 30 DNR Forest Practices Notice of Intent to Operate <30 Forest Service Minerals Exploration Permit - DNR Minerals Leasing Notice - DNR Oil & Gas Leasing Notice 30 DNR Wells & Fields Listing Notice - Coast Guard Hazardous Wastes Permit - Solid Waste Management Permit 30 FERC Hydroelectric License Permit 30 DEC Air Pollution Discharge Permit 30 ADFG Title 16 - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Dams and Dikes on Waterways Permit to Construct PD500.035. 1 9-6 1. Basis for AMSA Designation The basis for designation of Meares Passage-Arena Cove as an Area Meriting Special Attention is the importance of the area for traditional and customary subsistence harvest of the following natural resources: (1) sea- weed, (2) abalone, (3) deer, (4) mink, and (5) land otter, and the unique scenic and recreational qualities of the area. Of the total annual seaweed harvest for households in Hydaburg, 55 percent of the black ribbon seaweed harvest (approximately 970 lbs/year), and 100 percent of the red-ribbon seaweed harvest (approxi- mately 260 lbs/year) comes from Meares Passage. Some 29 percent of the total abalone harvest for household use comes from this area (approximately 5,000 abalone/yr). The gumboot harvest of 1,800/yr from this area represents 33 percent of the total annual harvest. About 33 percent of the total bird egg harvest occurs in Meares Passage. Arena Cove is used heavily as a traditional recrea- tion area, as is the west shore of Meares Passage. There are also eight archaeological/historic sites in the Meares Passage area. 2. Map (see Figure 25-1) 3. Description Meares Passage is'an open entrance from the Pacific Ocean (to the west) to Tlevak Narrows at the north end of Dall Island. The north is bounded by Suemez Island and Prince of Wales Island. The land area is undevel- oped wilderness with steep slopes and abundant wildlife. @The waters are rich with marine life that provides essen- tial resources to both the traditional and customary users and commercial users. Dominant land wildlife species of the area include deer, black bear, mink, land otter, ptarmigan, and bald eagles (16 nest sites). Aquatic resources include coho, Dolly Varden, and cut- throat trout, abalone, herring, bottomfish, Dungeness crab, sea urchin, clams, and cockles. Dominant vegeta- tion species include Sitka spruce, western hemlock, red cedar, yellow cedar, seaweed, and bull kelp. The tide- lands and rocky exposed coastline feature some unique scenic and recreational areas. Arena Cove is probably the most outstanding scenic area with its southwesterly exposure, coves with fine sand beaches, and a rocky, high energy coastline. It is one of the top four areas used for recreational purposes by the residents of Hyda- burg. The predominant wind direction fluctuates with the seasons: spring and fall bring southerly winds up PD500.008 9-7 to 100 kph; winter has northerly winds 10-45 kph; and summer winds are from the west 5-25 kph. The area is adjacent to a geological hazard area of two earthquake epicenters and a fault line. 4. Existing Ownership, Jurisdiction, and Management Status The ownership of this AMSA lies entirely with the State of Alaska, since the AMSA encompasses only waters of the state. All marine waters and upland surface streams are included as waters of the state. The aquatic areas of Meares Passage-Arena Cove are pres- ently managed for a variety of commercial harvest pur- poses through the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Management practices for this area are generally the same as for fishery resources throughout the south Prince of Wales area. Management status for the tidelands areas is presently being developed by the Department of Natural Resources. 5. Existing Ownership, Jurisdiction, and Management Status of Adjacent Shoreland and Sea Areas The adjacent sea areas and upland aquatic.bodies have the same ownership, jurisdiction, and management status as described above. The existing land owner for Suemez Island to the north and Dall Island to the immediate south is the U.S. For- est Service (Tongass National Forest). The management plan for Suemez Island is for intensive timber harvest, as described and evaluated in the Ton- gass National Forest Land Management Plan and the Suemez Island Timber Sale Environmental Assessment. Ts@ Although the overall land is scheduled for consider- able logging, that portion of the island within the Hydaburg planning area is scheduled for only partial logging. The northern portion of Dall Island that faces Meares Passage is also planned for intensive resource use. Generally speaking, timber harvesting is given prior- ity. Actual logging plans for this area have not yet been formulated. 6. Use Conflicts a. Commercial Abalone Fishery--The existing commer- cial fishery is suspected of depleting the native stocks of abalone. Almost 30 percent of the total traditional and customary harvest of abalone for PD500.008 9-8 @Ose r QJ' J"" IN T > @-L3 k@ /Jr 4, I '4@ v, j6z' ff , This project was supported, in part, by Federal Coastal Zone Management Program Implementation Funds iP@L. 92 583 Sec. 306) granted to the State of Alas!- by ihe Office of Coastal Zone National Oceamc and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. -T- HYDABURG COASTAL ZONE SEALASKA CORPORATMN MANAGEMENT PROGRAM 1081/1082 S =AO, SEALASKA OVERSELECTION ARE@ OF MF BASE MAP SOURCE: 10,51 USGS, (A-2 Or A-3), Xaska, 0 mil2s 1 Orioral Scale 1" = 4 Milm ME ccrrzlig 250 U9 FOREST SERVICE AM@A -- L@S@l M abalone for Hydaburg residents comes from this area. Residents fear that the abalone harvest areas are being over-exploited, depleting the stocks to an alarming level. Commercial harvestors employ SCUBA gear, while residents are shorepickers. Impacts to population dynamics are not known. b. Logging Activities--Suemez Island and northern Dall Island will experience logging activities in the near future. Water quality, game habi- tat, and scenic resources could be adversely impacted if proper management practices are not employed. C. Log Transfer Sites--Log transfer sites located in certain coastal areas could cause considerable problems to local resource users. Placement of these sites must be carefully planned and evaluated. 7. Management Plan The Arena Cove-Meares Passage AMSA shall be managed to maintain or enhance the continued consumptive traditional and customary resource uses and activities that are described in the Basis for Designation. All future uses and activities must give priority to the protection and enhancement of these traditional and customary uses and activities. Policies: 1. All proposed actions, when reviewed by the regula- tory agency(ies), shall be evaluated to determine if the proposed action is consistent with the manage- ment plan. 2. If a regulatory agency determines that the proposed action is inconsistent with the management plan, the project proposer will be required to develop a study that 1) evaluates the extent of the impacts to the resources, 2) evaluates alternative sites or locations, and 3) develops possible mitigative actions* that will maintain or replace those resources that will be adversely impacted. *If alternative locations or sites are not available, then mitigation will be required to offset the expected impacts and replace the expected losses. Mitigation is to occur through resource or habitat replacement or enhancement, not through monetary or land exchanges, or other non-resource specific replacement actions. PD500.008 9-11 3. Future uses and activities within this AMSA will also be reviewed for ACMP consistency using the existing policies and standards of the Alaska Coastal Management Program. Implementation: Implementation of the management plan will be accom- plished through existing state and Federal agency rules and regulations, as manifested through permits, ap- provals, leases, grants, management decisions, and other means. The consistency determination for state authori- ties will be based upon compliance with the AMSA poli- cies and the ACMP. Federal activities within the AMSA (permits, grants, etc.) must be consistent with the management policies to the "maximum extent practicable" (i.e., unless the agency will be violating another Fed- eral law by doing so). Upland activities on Federal lands will be reviewed for consistency with this AMSA plan for all potential "spillover impacts." Authority: The authority to be used to implement this management plan will be premised upon 1) the Coastal Policy Coun- cil's authority to formally designate an AMSA (6 AAC 80.160.a) and 2) the existing laws and regulations of the state and Federal government, as cited throughout this document and summarized in Appendix C. PD500.008 9-12 MCFARLAND ISLANDS-DUNBAR INLET Introduction The McFarland Islands-Dunbar Inlet Area Meriting Special Attention (AMSA) sets forth a management plan that is based on the protection and enhancement of specific coastal re- sources and uses. These resources and uses are described in the "Basis for Designation" section. The management plan consists of policies and an implementation process. Proper and improper uses and activities will be determined by the state and Federal agencies with regulatory authorities. Through the basis for designation and the management plan, clear direction is provided for future resource management within this AMSA. Federal lands are excluded from the state's coastal zone; the AMSA boundaries therefore do not include Federal proper- ties. However, Federal consistency will be considered when activities on Federal properties may have "spillover im- pacts" on the adjacent AMSA. Federal activities not on Fed- eral properties (Sec. 10 and Sec. 404 permits, grants, etc.) and within the AMSA must be consistent with the management plan to the "maximum extent practicable" (i.e., unless they will be violating another Federal law by doing so). The City of Hydaburg will be involved in the review of fu- ture activities and uses within the AMSA through receipt of permit notices, public notices, etc., as listed in Table 9. The city will submit comments, through the mayor's office, to the project sponsor and to the appropriate regulatory agency(ies). The city will use a checklist system to make advisory consistency recommendations on the proposed action. Other authorities that may be involved in the project review process and consistency determinations include: Governor's Office, Division of Policy Development and Planning (for coastal management program consistency) Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (water quality protection) Alaska Department of Fish and Game (biological resources and habitat protection) Alaska Department of Natural Resources (as managers of state waters) U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (as upland land manager) PD500.008 9-13 Table 9 PERMIT APPLICATIONS AND PUBLIC NOTICES THE HYDABURG DISTRICT WILL RECEIVE FOR REVIEW AND POSSIBLE COMMENT AREAS MERITING SPECIAL ATTENTION Review Time Permit/Public Notice (days) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Sec. 10 Permit Permit 30 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers See. 404 Permit 30 Fed. Env. Impact Statement Notice 45-90 DEC/EPA Wastewater Discharge Permit 30 DNR Water Appropriations Notice - DNR Tidelands Lease Notice 30 DNR Forest Practices Notice of Intent to Operate <30 Forest Service Minerals Exploration Permit - DNR Minerals Leasing Notice - DNR Oil & Gas Leasing Notice 30 DNR Wells & Fields Listing Notice - Coast Guard Hazardous Wastes Permit - Solid Waste Management Permit 30 FERC Hydroelectric License Permit 30 DEC Air Pollution Discharge Permit 30 ADFG Title 16 - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Dams and Dikes on Waterways Permit to Construct PD500-035. 2 9-14 1. Basis for AMSA Designation The basis for designation of McFarland Islands-Dunbar Inlet as an Area Meriting Special Attention is the importance of the area for the traditional and customary subsistence harvest of the following natural resources: (1) herring roe, (2) mink, (3) land otter, and (4) drift logs. The herring roe harvest in this area averages approximately 12,300 lbs per year (on kelp). This represents essentially 100 percent of the total customary and traditional harvest of herring roe for the entire city population. Actual harvest numbers for mink, land otter, and drift logs are not available. This area is also an important traditional recreational use area. Two archaeological/historic sites occur in the Dunbar Inlet vicinity. 2. Map (see Figure 25-2) 3. Description McFarland Islands is a group of 15 small islands located in Tlevak Straits between Dall Island on the east and Dunbar Inlet on the west. Dunbar Inlet is bounded on the west by McFarland Islands and on the east by Sukkwan Island. The land condition of McFarland Islands is poor, with shallow soil and stunted vegetation. Dominant vegetation types include western hemlock, Sitka spruce, bull pine, yellow cedar, and red cedar. The coastline is steep rock bluffs, which drop off to depths of 20 fathoms and more in some areas. Other areas include rock reef outcroppings partially exposed at low tides. There are some sand and cobblestone beaches, most of j which are on the inside waterways. The kelp from which the herring roe is harvested grows heavily around the submerged rock reefs and around the inside passes and beach areas. Deer on the island appear stunted due to poor range habitat. Mink and land otter occupy the island, feeding in the tidal areas. The southerly exposed beaches collect drift logs, which are brought in by the southerly storms and by large tides in the spring and fall when winds from the south are predominant. The body of water called Dunbar Inlet extends approxi- mately 3/4 miles into Sukkwan Island. The outside of the inlet is dotted with many small islands and rocky reefs. In the shallows of these rocky reefs and small islands grows the kelp that herring spawn on. The reefs and islands also provide protection to the inlet from the predominant southerly storm winds and wave action. The geographical location provides PD500.008 9-15 the inlet with a protective estuarine and marine sanctu- ary for aquatic life. There are four catalogued anad- romous fish streams in the inlet, where pink, chum, coho, and Dolly Varden spawn. One stream is a pink salmon pre-emergent site that is indexed annually to provide the basis for run forecasting. 4. Existing Ownership, Jurisdiction, and Management Status The ownership of this AMSA lies entirely with the State of Alaska, since the AMSA encompasses only waters of the state. All marine waters and upland surface water bodies are included as waters of the state. Management of the aquatic areas is under the jurisdic- tion of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game and the Department of Natural Resources. Current management includes a commercial fishery of several species of fish and shellfish. Tidelands management plans are being developed now by DNR. 5. Existing Ownership, Jurisdiction, and Management Status of Adjacent Shoreland and Sea Areas The adjacent sea areas and upland water bodies have the same ownership, jurisdiction, and management status as described above. The upland portions of most of the islands are under the ownership and management of the U.S. Forest Service (Tongass National Forest). Portions of the Dunbar Inlet uplands are also under Forest Service ownership and management. Two islands and much of the Inlet's uplands are presently Sealaska's overselection. These overselec- tion lands are still under the ownership of the Forest Service, although conveyance could occur to Sealaska if Sealaska so chooses. Forest Service management plans call for intensive re- source use and development (LUD IV). Specific harvest plans for this area are not yet available. Four Forest service recreation sites have been identified by the Forest Service in this vicinity. 6. Use Conflicts a. Commercial Herring Roe on Kelp Harvest--As noted, this is the most important location for customary and traditional harvest of herring roe on kelp. Commercial exploitation of this resource could seriously diminish the harvest, which would sig- nificantly impact the residents of Hydaburg. PD500.008 9-16 Gui Kangulas 1: This project @ supported, in part, by Federal & C @tal Zone Management Program Implementation Funds (P.L. 92-583, Sec. 3061 granted tothe - ^0.01 State of Alaska by the Office of Coastal Zone Management, National Ocearic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. 7@1 Kell, T- Ole Y 0 P3 @_J Hiiid MC,FARLAND -3 + + + % + % Du6 Reef Pt Is t \11x oLt Y30 A L D Y "'T '000, 1 eef Is Oro- 4q B A Y ALZONE HYDABURG COAST MANAGEMENTPROGRAM FS-A] SEALASKA CORPORAT@ON 1 @3 CH2M"X:LL 1981/1982 SEALASKA OVERSELE137MN mow 44M AREA OF BASE MAP SOURCE: 1951 USGS. 0 Miles 112 Craig (A-2 & A-3), Alaska, Original Scale I" = 1 Mile Tie o r 1: 63,360 [:F:S] FORES7 SERVlCE F-1 IAMSA b. Logging--Logging activities in the watershed could cause adverse impacts to anadromous streams and tidal areas without proper management. C. Log Transfer Sites--These sites must be carefully selected and planned to minimize adverse impacts to customary and traditional resource uses. d. Drift Log Salvage--Hydaburg residents depend on drift logs from this area for firewood and wood- carving. Commercial salvaging may be signifi- cantly developed in the near future, and could present conflicts to traditional access and uses. 7. Management Plan The McFarland Islands-Dunbar Inlet AMSA shall be managed to maintain or enhance the continued consumptive tradi- tional and customary resource uses and activities that are described in the Basis for Designation. All future uses and activities must give priority to the protection and enhancement of these traditional and customary uses and activities. Policies: 1. All proposed actions, when reviewed by the regula- tory agency(ies), shall be evaluated to determine if the proposed action is consistent with the manage- ment plan. 2. If a regulatory agency determines that the proposed action is inconsistent with the management plan, the project proposer will be required to develop a study that 1) evaluates the extent of the impacts to the resources, 2) evaluates alternative sites or locations and 3) develops possible mitigative actions* that will maintain or replace those re- sources that will be adversely impacted. 3. Rafting, storage, barge, beach access, A-frame operations, or other activities will not be located in known herring spawn areas. *If alternative locations or sites are not available, then mitigation will be required to offset the expected impacts and replace the expected losses. Mitigation is to occur through resource or habitat replacement or enhancement, not through monetary or land exchanges, or other non-resource specific replacement actions. PD500.008 9-19, 4. Land and tideland managers shall allow Hydaburg residents to harvest unbranded drift logs within this AMSA for firewood and carving purposes. 5. Future uses and activities within this AMSA will also be reviewed for ACMP consistency using the existing policies and standards of the Alaska Coastal Management Program. Implementation: Implementation of the management plan will be accom- plished through existing state and Federal agency rules and regulations, as manifested through permits, ap- provals, leases, grants, management decisions, and other means. The consistency determination for state authori- ties will be based upon compliance with the AMSA poli- cies and the ACMP. Federal activities within the AMSA (permits, grants, etc.) must be consistent with the management policies to the "maximum extent practicable" (i.e., unless the agency will be violating another Fed- eral law by doing so). Upland activities on Federal lands will be reviewed for consistency with this AMSA plan for all potential "spillover impacts." Authority: The authority to be used to implement this management plan will be premised upon 1) the Coastal Policy Coun- cil's authority to formally designate an AMSA (6 AAC 80.160.a) and 2) the existing laws and regulations of the state and Federal government, as cited throughout this document and summarized in Appendix C. PD500.008 9-20 JACKSON ISLAND Introduction The Jackson Island Area Meriting Special Attention (AMSA) sets forth a management plan that is based on the protection and enhancement of specific coastal resources and uses. These resources and uses are described in the "Basis for Designation" section. The management plan consists of poli- cies and an implementation process. Proper and improper uses and activities will be determined by the state and Fed- eral agencies with regulatory authorities. Through the basis for designation and the management plan, clear direction is provided for future resource management within this AMSA. Federal lands are excluded from the state's coastal zone; the AMSA boundaries therefore do not include Federal proper- ties. However, Federal consistency will be considered when activities on Federal properties may have "spillover im- pacts" on the adjacent AMSA. Federal activities not on Fed- eral properties (Sec. 10 and Sec. 404 permits, grants, etc.) and within the AMSA must be consistent with the management plan to the "maximum extent practicable" (i.e., unless they will be violating another Federal law by doing so). The City of Hydaburg will be involved in the review of fu- ture activities and uses within the AMSA through receipt of permit notices, public notices, etc. as listed in Table 10. The city will submit comments, through the mayor's office, to the project sponsor and to the appropriate regulatory agency(ies). The city will use a checklist system to make advisory consistency recommendations on the proposed action. Other authorities that may be involved in the project review process and consistency determinations include: Governor's Office, Division of Policy Development and Planning (for coastal management program consistency) Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (water quality protection) Alaska Department of Fish and Game (biological resources and habitat protection) A Alaska Department of Natural Resources (as managers of state waters) E U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (as up- land land manager) PD500.008 9-21 Table 10 PERMIT APPLICATIONS AND PUBLIC NOTICES THE HYDABURG DISTRICT WILL RECEIVE FOR REVIEW AND POSSIBLE COMMENT AREAS MERITING SPECIAL ATTENTION Review Time Permit/Public Notice (days) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Sec. 10 Permit Permit 30 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Sec. 404 Permit 30 Fed. Env. Impact Statement Notice 45-90 DEC/EPA Wastewater Discharge Permit 30 DNR Water Appropriations Notice - DNR Tidelands Lease Notice 30 DNR Forest Practices Notice of Intent to Operate <30 Forest Service Minerals Exploration Permit - DNR Minerals Leasing Notice - DNR Oil & Gas Leasing Notice 30 DNR Wells & Fields Listing Notice - Coast Guard Hazardous Wastes Permit - Solid Waste Management Permit 30 FERC Hydroelectric License Permit 30 DEC Air Pollution Discharge Permit 30 ADFG Title 16 - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Dams and Dikes on Waterways Permit to Construct PD500-035. 3 9-22 1. Basis for AMSA Designation The basis for designation of the Jackson Island area as an Area Meriting Special Attention is the importance of the area for traditional and customary subsistence usage of the following natural resources: (1) king salmon, (2) abalone, (3) drift logs, and (4) trapping, and for recreational uses. An estimated 40 percent of the total annual harvest of king salmon for traditional and customary use comes from the Jackson Island area. About 12 percent of the abalone harvest and 6 percent of the gumboot harvest for Hydaburg comes from this area. The southern half of the island is a traditional recreational area. One archaeological/historic site occurs in the northern end of the island. 2. Map (see Figure 25-3) 3. Description Jackson Island is located just off the southern tip of Sukkwan Island. The narrow passage between Sukkwan Island and Jackson Island is Jackson Passage. To the south is Cordova Bay, which opens to Dixon Entrance. To the west is Tlevak Strait, which joins Cordova Bay. On the eastern side are Lacey Islands, Triplet Rocks, and the junction of Hetta and Nutkwa Inlets with Cordova Bay. The island has a peak elevation of 540 feet and covers approximately 40 acres. Dominant vegetation species of the uplands are Sitka spruce, western hemlock, red cedar, and yellow cedar. The pre- dominantly southerly wind direction in the spring, fall, and winter months leaves the southerly beaches covered with drift logs, including species of fir which are nonexistent in Alaska. The summer wind direction is from the west. There are deer and mink on the island. Marine wildlife is abundant. There are land otter; king, pink, coho, and chum salmon; abalone; and rock scallops. There are no spawning streams on the island, but the surrounding waters have the feed and geographic accessibility that attracts salmon. Recreational areas on the island provide for camping for traditional and customary subsistence harvesters and hand trollers. 4. Existin2 Ownershi2, Jurisdiction, and Management Status The ownership of this AMSA lies entirely with the State of Alaska, since the AMSA encompasses only waters and tidelands of the state. All marine waters and upland surface water bodies are included as waters of the state. The Alaska Department of Fish and Game has PD500.008 9-23 responsibility for management of the fisheries resources, and the Department of Natural Resources has responsi- bility for leases and uses of the tideland areas. Cur- rently, the management practices for the aquatic areas are no different than for the general Prince of Wales area. 5. Existing Ownership, Jurisdiction, and Management Status of AdTa-cent Shoreland and Sea Areas The adjacent sea areas and upland waters have the same ownership, jurisdiction, and management status as that described above. All lands within the area are under the ownership and jurisdiction of the U.S. Forest Service (Tongass National Forest). These lands are designated for intensive re- source use and development (LUD IV, Tongass Land Manage- ment Plan). 6. Use Conflicts a. Commercial Abalone Harvest--The commercial abalone harvest may deplete the stocks to the point where traditional and customary harvesting is threatened. b. Logging--Log transfer and storage sites, if not properly studied and planned, could cause adverse impacts to traditional and customary use of the area. The location and extent of log transfer and storage sites shall be coordinated with the City of Hydaburg. C. Drift Log Salvage--Hydaburg residents depend on drift logs from this area for firewood and wood- carving uses. Commercial salvaging may be sig- nificantly developed in the near future, and could present conflicts to traditional access and uses. 7. Management Plan The Jackson Island AMSA shall be managed to maintain or enhance the continued consumptive traditional and cus- tomary resource uses and activities that are described in the Basis for Designation. All future uses and acti- vities must give priority to the protection and enhance- ment of these traditional and customary uses and activi- ties. PD500.008 9-24 j 'rov IQO 9\ A x yo@ oo, )(.901 0 k@' 01 z Is Ob + u *+ Kasook r Inlet Lu C, 23,, + '22' Jo 0 C) Su wo I land n FS FS Ja-ckson Island C)540 -1A reen A X it FS + + + Lt &Shoe Rk FS FS b, 1 4@ Policies: 1. All proposed actions, when reviewed by the regula- tory agency(ies), shall be evaluated to determine if the proposed action is consistent with the man- agement plan. 2. If a regulatory agency determines that the proposed action is inconsistent with the management plan, the project proposer will be required to develop a study that 1) evaluates the extent of the impacts to the resources, 2) evaluates alternative sites or locations, and 3) develops possible mitigative actions* that will maintain or replace those re- sources that will be adversely impacted. 3. Land and tideland managers shall allow Hydaburg residents to harvest unbranded drift logs within this AMSA for firewood and carving purposes. 4. Future uses and activities within this AMSA will also be reviewed for ACMP consistency using the existing policies and standards of the Alaska Coastal Management Program. Implementation: Implementation of the management plan will be accom- plished through existing state and Federal agency rules and regulations, as manifested through permits, ap- provals, leases, grants, management decisions, and other means. The consistency determination for state authori- ties will be based upon compliance with the AMSA poli- cies and the ACMP. Federal activities within the AMSA (permits, grants, etc.) must be consistent with the management policies to the "maximum extent prac- ticable" (i.e., unless the agency will be violating another Federal law by doing so). Upland activities on Federal lands will be reviewed for consistency with the AMSA plan for all potential "spillover impacts." *If alternative locations or sites are not available, then mitigation will be required to offset the expected impacts and replace the expected losses. Mitigation is to occur through resource or habitat replacement or enhancement, not through monetary or land exchanges, or other non-resource specific replacement actions. PD500.008 9-27 Authority: The authority to be used to implement the management plan will be premised upon 1) the Coastal Policy Coun- cil's authority to formally designate an AMSA (6 AAC 80.160.a) and 2) the existing laws and regulations of the state and Federal government, as cited throughout this document and summarized in Appendix C. PD500.008 9-28 HYDABURG RIVER-TIDELANDS Introduction The Hydaburg River-Tidelands Area Meriting Special Attention (AMSA) sets forth a management plan that is based on the protection and enhancement of specific coastal resources and uses. These resources and uses are described in the "Basis for Designation" section. The management plan consists of policies and an implementation process. Proper and improper uses and activities will be determined by the city within the District boundaries, and by the state and Federal agen- cies with regulatory authorities in those areas outside the District. Through the basis for designation and the manage- ment plan, clear direction is provided for future resource management within this AMSA. Federal lands are excluded from the state's coastal zone; the AMSA boundaries therefore do not include Federal proper- ties. However, Federal consistency will be considered when activities on Federal properties may have "spillover impacts" on the adjacent AMSA. Federal activities not on Federal properties (Sec. 10 and Sec. 404 permits, grants, etc.) and within the AMSA must be consistent with the management plan to the "maximum extent practicable" (i.e., unless they will be violating another Federal law by doing so. The City will determine proper and improper uses within the Dsitrict AMSA. The District land use plan and Code of Ordi- nances (including the Hydaburg River watershed ordinance) will provide the framework for use decisions. The City of Hydaburg will be involved in the review of future activities and uses that are within the AMSA but outside the District through receipt of permit notices, public notices, etc. as listed in Table 11. The city will submit comments, through the mayor's office, to the project sponsor and to the appro- priate regulatory agency(ies). The city will use a checklist system to make advisory consistency recommendations on the proposed action. other authorities that may be involved in the project review process and consistency determinations include: Governor's office, Division of Policy Development and Planning (for coastal management program consistency) Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (water quality protection) Alaska Department of Fish and Game (biological resources and habitat protection) PD500.008 9-29 Table 11 PERMIT APPLICATIONS AND PU13LIC NOTICES THE HYDABURG DISTRICT WILL RECEIVE FOR REVIEW AND POSSIBLE COMMENT AREAS MERITING SPECIAL ATTENTION Review Time Permit/Public Notice (days) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Sec. 10 Permit Permit 30 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Sec. 404 Permit 30 Fed. Env. Impact Statement Notice 45-90 DEC/EPA Wastewater Discharge Permit 30 DNR Water Appropriations Notice - DNR Tidelands Lease Notice 30 DNR Forest Practices Notice of Intent to Operate <30 Forest Service Minerals Exploration Permit - DNR Minerals Leasing Notice - DNR Oil & Gas Leasing Notice 30 DNR Wells & Fields Listing Notice - Coast Guard Hazardous Wastes Permit - Solid Waste Management Permit 30 FERC Hydroelectric License Permit 30 DEC Air Pollution Discharge Permit 30 ADFG Title 16 - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Dams and Dikes on Waterways Permit to Construct PD500.035. 4 9-30 Alaska Department of Natural Resources (as managers of state waters) U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (as up- land land manager) 1. Basis for AMSA Designation The basis for designation of the Hydaburg River-Tidelands as an Area Meriting Special Attention is the importance of the area for traditional and customary subsistence usage of the following natural resources: (1) pink, chum, and coho salmon, (2) Dolly Varden, rainbow, and steelhead trout, (3) clams, (4) cockles, (5) mink, and (6) marten. The Hydaburg River is a natural spawning and rearing habitat for anadromous fish. The river is the source for all domestic water for the City of Hyda- burg. It also has substantial recreational value for all residents of Hydaburg. The mouth and shoreline areas at the tidelands are the location of the old Hecta Vil- lage historical site. 2. Map (see Figure 25-4) 3. Description The Hydaburg River is a river on the western side of Prince of Wales Island that is approximately 4 miles long and empties into Sukkwan Straits through the middle of the City of Hydaburg. The tidelands at the mouth of the Hydaburg River have developed over the years, from the convergence of Hydaburg River and Sukkwan Strait, to form a sand bar that is exposed half the distance across Sukkwan Straits at extreme low tides. Hydaburg River is a catalogued anadromous fish stream that has spawning and rearing habitat characteristics for the following species: pink, chum, and coho salmon, and Dolly Varden, rainbow, and steelhead trout. The sand bar has various species of clams and cockles. Terres- tial wildlife found in the area are black bear, mink, and marten. Dominant vegetation along the river bank is alder, Sitka spruce, red cedar, yellow cedar, and various species of understory brush. Hydaburg River is the water source for the City of Hydaburg. Approxi- mately 3/4 mile from the river mouth is the filtration gallery and pump house that supplies the municipality's water needs. About 2 miles up the river, above a 12-foot waterfall, is the old water reservoir, a log dam, that fed the town's water mains by gravity for many years. The river transects a lush forest watershed of old growth timber. PD500.008 9-31 Traditional and customary natural resource uses in the Hydaburg River and tidelands area are extensive. Virtually every household in the city uses the river in some manner. Below are percentages of resources that are harvested from this system: Steelhead 74 percent from Hydaburg River Dolly Varden 75 percent from river Rainbow trout 70 percent from river Cutthroat trout 50 percent from river Coho 70 percent from river Chum 65 percent from river Pinks 90 percent from river King crab 100 percent from Hydaburg island area Clams 70 percent from Hydaburg tidelands Cockles 47 percent from tidelands Coho eggs 50 percent from river Chum eggs 45 percent from river Pink eggs 100 percent from river Recreational uses include sport fishing, ice skating in winter, hiking trail to the reservoir, tideland uses, and general everyday access to the river. The city has surface water rights to 800,000 gallons per day, granted by the Department of Natural Resources. 4. Existing ownership, Jurisdiction, and Management Status Existing ownership is divided among several parties. Much of the river's shoreline and adjacent uplands within the District is in city ownership. There is some private ownership, by lot, in the upland areas. At the eastern city limit outside the District, Haida Corporation ownership begins, and extends east to Sec- tion 35 (the upper reaches of the river). Sealaska Corporation ownership is east of that (including Sec- tion 35), and includes the upper drainage of the river and the subsurface estate. The Forest Service manages about 20% of the river's northern drainage. Management of the corporate lands will be for forest production. Both Haida corporation and Sealaska are currently considering harvest plans in this watershed. Lands within the city are being considered for residen- tial and recreational uses. Land use will be deter- mined through the land use planning process. PD500.008 9-32 FS id e Q1 nd 0 400 ft. Special Manamment HC ,@C)Comma Mushmom, ls@and o /9 HC 0 Po 00 ....... .... Turn .... . ............... 4: Ce Ood + 130 t k 9 @7-A C 97, + N Sa I tery' UO Pt The tideland areas are wholly owned by the City of Hyda- burg. Management of the resources is primarily the responsibility of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Existing management practices are comparable to those in effect throughout south Prince of Wales Island. 5. Existing Ownership, Jurisdiction, and Management Status of Adjacent Shoreland and Sea Areas The adjacent shoreland and sea areas have the same status as that described above. Adjacent marine waters and tidelands are owned by the state. 6. Use Conflicts 1. Development Along River--As Hydaburg grows in popu- lation, the pressure to build close to the river will increase. Development on the river's banks could adversely impact the fishery, the recrea- tional uses, the water quality, and the aesthetic value of the river system. 2. Logging--Logging practices in the watershed could harm the city's water resource through water qual- ity degradation, erosion, and stream-bank failure. Soils disturbance, shade-tree removal, and stream blockage could jeopardize the river's fishery. 3. Road Construction--The Natzuhini Road and the neces- sary logging road spurs could cause sloughing, sedimentation, and unnecessary wasting if not prop- erly designed. These occurrences would affect the fishery and local water quality. 4. Incompatible Uses in the Tidelands Area--The tide- lands are important for customary and traditional resource harvesting and for recreation. Incompat- ible uses must be avoided in the area, and public access must be maintained for future residents. 7. Management Plan Any activities that are to occur within the Hydaburg River drainage must above all guarantee the protection of the water quality. The state standards for drinking water must be maintained. The city will adopt an ordinance that provides author- ity to the city to protect its.water supply, even be- yond the corporate city limits (AS 29.48.037). The city will improve its current monitoring program by including additional parameters to achieve a strong PD500.008 9-35 data base. The city will coordinate with the DEC in the program. With an appropriate monitoring program, the city will be able to identify any water quality problems at an early stage. The Hydaburg River-Tidelands AMSA shall be managed to maintain or enhance the continued consumptive tradi- tional and customary resource uses and activities that are described in the "Basis for Designation" section. Future uses and activities must give priority to the protection and enhancement of these traditional and customary uses and activities. Policies: 1. All proposed actions within the District will be reviewed by the Planning and Zoning Commission for consistency with this management plan. The Dis- trict checklist will be used in the project review. 2. All proposed actions, when reviewed by the regula- tory agency(ies), shall be evaluated to determine if the proposed action is consistent with the man- agement plan. Within the District, the city will carry "great weight" in all consistency evaluations and determinations. 3. If a regulatory agency determines that the pro- posed action is inconsistent with the management plan, the project proposer will be required to develop a study that 1) evaluates the extent of the impacts to the resource(s), 2) evaluates alter- native sites or locations, and 3) develops possible mitigative actions* that will maintain or replace those resources that will be adversely impacted. *If alternative locations or sites are not available, then mitigation will be required to offset the expected impacts and replace the expected losses. Mitigation is to occur through resource or habitat replacement or enhancement, not through monetary or land exchanges, or other non-resource specific replacement actions. PD500.008 9-36 4. Future uses and activities within this AMSA will also be reviewed for ACMP consistency using the existing policies and standards of the Alaska Coastal Management Program. 5. Timber Harvesting: The private land managers of the AMSA will have the responsibility of notifying the city at least three months before submitting application for the DNR Forest Practices Intent to Operate Notification (11AAC 95.030). In the notifi- cation to the city, the following information will be provided: 0 Area to be logged 8 Schedule for logging 0 Types of equipment to be used 0 Conceptual road design considerations for erosion prevention and run-off control 0 Excess cut materials disposal plans 0 Weather/rainfall considerations for construction and equipment operations 0 Riparian protection measures for Hydaburg River 400-foot width corridor 6. Minerals Exploration and Development: Minerals exploration and development will be permitted within this AMSA if the following standards can be met: 0 Preliminary explorations may occur without formal notification to the city if these ex- ploratory activities are limited to airborne geophysics, chip sampling, limited soil and rock sampling, geochemical sampling, ground geophysics and other prospecting activities that do not require any ground vehicles or other equipment that cannot be transported in and out of the area by standard helicopter methods. State and/or Federal permitting or notification will be required, as by law, where applicable. Any storage of fuels, drilling solutions, or other potential pol- lutants within the drainage cannot occur without a 30-day prior notification to the city. 0 In an advanced minerals exploration effort where trenching and/or core drilling are to be undertaken, the developer will give the city a thirty (30) day notice before the time of actual site work. The notice of intent to operate will include: PD500.008 9-37 Location of proposed work Work plan Proposed schedule of operations Proposed equipment and materials to be used Routes of ingress and egress for equipment and employees Any camp requirements, including location and facilities Plan for the cleanup of all activities Provisions for the removal of all foreign materials out of the area after the work activities are completed 0 The developer will give notice to the city at least six (6) months before intent to proceed for bulk sampling, mine development, or other activities that will require any road work, large drilling equipment (larger than can reasonably be expected to be moved in and out of the area by helicopter), significant trenching or digging (requiring equipment that cannot be flown in), or other activities that are beyond the scope of "preliminary minerals exploration."* 0 The developer will provide the following information relevant to the intended mineral activity to the city at least four (4) months before startup: Location of the activity (specific) Type of proposed activity and work plan Proposed schedule Proposed equipment and materials to be used within the AMSA Proposed transportation plan, including any new roads, design measures to minimize erosion and sedimentation, etc. *If the exploration or development proposal is determined to be a major Federal action (through permit or lease) requir- ing a NEPA Environmental Impact Statement (40 CFR 1500), this management process will defer to that process. The city'will maintain an active role in the EIS development and review. PD500.008 9-38 Expected environmental impacts and proposed mitigation measures Materials and waste clean-up and removal plan (including excess road-cut materials and stumps) Storage facilities Worker camp plans, facilities, and location Fuels storage and spill protection plan Water quality monitoring plan (to be con- ducted with the Department of Environ- mental Conservation) 0 If, during the course of bulk sampling or minerals development, any activity causes an impact to the aquatic system that is deemed potentially significant to the water quality, all operations related to that activity will stop until the potential problem is remedied and adequate protective safeguards are put into place. The need for and the adequacy of protective measures are to be determined by the appropriate regulatory agency(s). 7. Roads: Roads are an acceptable use within this AMSA, under the following conditions: 0 Roads will be minimized. 6 All roads must be designed to minimize erosion, slope failure, and future sedimentation. 0 Surface drainage must be designed and constructed to avoid impacts to the river. 0 only one crossing of the river will be allowed above the existing "in town" road crossing (the crossing necessary for the Hollis-Craig Highway). This crossing must minimize the opportunity for human impacts to the river. 0 Public access to the river above the municipal water intake will be discouraged through design and physical barriers. 6 Construction and maintenance will be planned around seasons to minimize potential impacts PD500.008 9-39 to surface run-off, sedimentation, erosion, etc. 0 A main transportation corridor for log hauling from Deer Bay to Saltery Point should be planned for the Saltery drainage versus. the Hydaburg River drainage if at all feasible. 8. Management of the Hydaburg AMSA within the city's municipal boundaries will follow these policies: 0 No structures will be allowed within the streambanks of the river unless they are related to municipal services. 0 Buildings will be set back sufficiently to protect local drainage and the stability of the riparian zone. Specific setbacks will be determined by the Planning and Zoning commission. 0 The city is committed to the protection of the tideflats and river for the residents' traditional and customary resource usage of these areas. 0 The historical site of Hecta Village will be .protected, and further study of it will be encouraged. Appropriate protective buffers will be identified by the city and appropriate entities, and measures will be adopted to ensure the necessary protection. Implementation: Implementation of the management plan for uses and activities within the District will occur through the procedures and authorities of the City of Hydaburg's Code of Ordinances and other relevant municipal responsibilities. Implementation for the broader AMSA area will be accom- plished through existing state and Federal agency rules and regulations, as manifested through permits, ap- provals, leases, grants, management decisions, and other means. The consistency determination for state authori- ties will be based upon compliance with the AMSA poli- cies and the ACMP. Federal activities within the AMSA (permits, grants, etc.) must be consistent with the management policies to the "maximum extent practicable" (i.e., unless the agency will be violating another PD500.008 9-40 Federal law by doing so). Upland activities on Federal lands will be reviewed for consistency with this AMSA plan for all potential "spillover impacts." Authority: The authority to be used to implement this management plan will be premised upon 1) the Coastal Policy Coun- cil's authority to formally designate an AMSA (6 AAC 80.160.a) and 2) the existing laws and regulations of the state and Federal government, as cited throughout this document and summarized in Appendix C. PD500.008 9-41 SALTERY POINT-CRAB TRAP COVE Introduction The Saltery Point-Crab Trap Cove Area Meriting Special Atten- tion (AMSA) sets forth a management plan that is based on the protection and enhancement of specific coastal resources and uses. These resources and uses are described in the "Basis for Designation" section. The management plan con- sists of policies and an implementation process. Proper and improper uses and activities will be determined by the state and Federal agencies with regulatory authorities. Through the basis for designation and the management plan, clear direction is provided for future resource management within this AMSA. Federal lands are excluded from the state's coastal zone; the AMSA boundaries therefore do not include Federal proper- ties. However, Federal consistency will be considered when activities on Federal properties may have "spillover impacts" on the adjacent AMSA. Federal activities not on Federal properties (Sec. 10 and Sec. 404 permits, grants, etc.) and within the AMSA must be consistent with the management plan to the "maximum extent practicable" (i.e., unless they will be violating another Federal law by doing so). The City of Hydaburg will be involved in the review of future activities and uses within the AMSA through receipt of permit notices, public notices, etc. as listed in Table 12. The city will submit comments, through the mayor's office, to the project sponsor and to the appropriate regulatory agency(ies). The city will use a checklist system to make advisory consistency recommendations on the proposed action. other authorities that may be involved in the project review process and consistency determinations include: Governor's Office, Division of Policy Development and Planning (for coastal management program consistency) Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (water quality protection) Alaska Department of Fish and Game (biological resources and habitat protection) Alaska Department of Natural Resources (as managers of state waters) U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (as up- land land manager) 9-42 Table 12 PERMIT APPLICATIONS AND PUBLIC NOTICES THE HYDABURG DISTRICT WILL RECEIVE FOR REVIEW AND POSSIBLE COMMENT AREAS MERITING SPECIAL ATTENTION Review Time Permit/Public Notice (days) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers See. 10 Permit Permit 30 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Sec. 404 Permit 30 Fed. Env. Impact Statement Notice 45-90 DEC/EPA Wastewater Discharge Permit 30 DNR Water Appropriations Notice - DNR Tidelands Lease Notice 30 DNR Forest Practices Notice of Intent to Operate <30 Forest Service Minerals Exploration Permit - DNR Minerals Leasing Notice - DNR Oil & Gas Leasing Notice 30 DNR Wells & Fields Listing Notice - Coast Guard Hazardous Wastes Permit - Solid Waste Management Permit 30 FERC Hydroelectric License Permit 30 DEC Air Pollution Discharge Permit 30 ADFG Title 16 - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Dams and Dikes on Waterways Permit to Construct PD500.035. 5 9-43 1. Basis for AMSA Designation The basis for designation of the Saltery Point-Crab Trap Cove area as an Area Meriting Special Attention is the importance of the area for traditional and customary subsistence usage of the following natural resources: (1) salmon (pink, chum, coho), (2) Dungeness crab, (3) clams, (4) cockles, (5) mink, (6) marten, and (7) land otter. This area is also recognized for its substantial recreational value. One archaeological/historic site occurs in the Saltery Point vicinity. Saltery Point is being planned for substantial indus- trial development. A log transfer facility, log sort yard, shipping moorage, log storage area, and other related uses are being planned for the point area and adjacent coastal waters. There are also plans for other timber-related development in the general Saltery Point and Saltery Creek area. These plans warrant special consideration in the Hydaburg Coastal Manage- ment Program, as they will have direct and significant impact on the District (employment, economy, housing, facilities, traditional and customary resource use, recreation, etc.). Traditional and customary resources that are used by Hydaburg households and are harvested in the Saltery Point-Crab Trap Cove area are: Ducks 75 percent from the Saltery to North Pass area Geese 100 percent from Saltery- North Pass Steelhead 26 percent from Saltery Dolly Varden 12.5 percent from Saltery Dungeness crab 75 percent from Saltery-Trap Bay Clams 20 percent from Saltery Cockles 30 percent from Saltery-Trap Bay Chum eggs 11 percent from Saltery 2. Map (see Figure 25-5) PD500.008 9-44 M ushroom @S @and 0 0 + 0 0 HC Pro A --,Turn 77- 0 .71 970X Industrial Development &I Area (Boundary Approx.) --1 1A @U'Rdgyy z% j r\ -A N 3. Description The Saltery Point-Crab Trap Cove area lies approximately 3/4 mile southeast of Hydaburg. The Saltery Point area is on Prince of Wales Island, and Crab Trap Cove is located directly southwest across Sukkwan Strait on Sukkwan Island. The Saltery Point area is composed of Saltery Creek and watershed area, the Saltery Creek tidal flats, the waters of Sukkwan Straits (north of Saltery Point) bordered by seven wooded islands, and the uplands of Prince of Wales Island in the Saltery Point area. The Crab Trap Cove area is composed of the creek and its watershed drainage, the tide flats of the cove, the waters of the cove, and the two rock reefs to @he north and south of the cove entrance. Each stream is catalogued as an anadromous fish stream by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Saltery Creek has runs of pink, chum, and coho salmon, and cutthroat, Dolly Varden, and steelhead trout. The creek emptying into Crab Trap Cove has runs of coho and pink salmon. Other marine life in the area includes Dungeness crab, halibut, octo- pus, various species of clams, and cockles. Terrestial wildlife found in the area includes deer, black bear, wolf, mink, marten, and land otter. The area is also a resting and feeding place on the Pacific Flyway for various species of ducks, swans, and geese. There are other bird species that frequent the area as a feeding and nesting area, including shorebirds and eagles. Dominant vegetation of the area includes Sitka spruce, western hemlock, yellow cedar, red cedar, alder, and various species of understory brush. The strong tidal action of Sukkwan Straits greatly influences the area by forming back-eddies around the point and reefs, pro- ducing tidal currents and foods that supplement the local marine ecology. The area is protected from the predominant southerly winds, which makes the Saltery area especially conducive to recreational activity. The natural geography of the area also makes the site particularly conducive to development. Saltery Point is strategically located in relation to substantial timber harvest areas held by Haida Corporation, Sealaska Corporation, and the Forest Service. It is estimated that as much as 500 million board feet of timber could have a reasonable and economical access to Saltery Point for transshipment. Saltery Point is the termination of the proposed Natzuhini Highway, which will link the site to the rest of Prince of Wales Island (including Craig, Klawock, and Hollis). A road extension to Saltery Point would tie the facility into a major roadway network to be built for log transport. Saltery Point has good PD500.008 9-47 natural water depths just offshore of the point, providing good moorage for ships. There is sufficient land base for a sort yard facility adjacent to docks, although there are geotechnical considerations (a hard rock base would require leveling). shipping access is good, with minimal development requirements. Development here would have a positive impact on Hyda- burg's economy and employment. The city would be the facility's service center. 4. Existing Ownership, Jurisdiction and Management Status The entire area is under the ownership of Haida corpor- ation. The corporation is seriously looking at major timber-related industrial facilities development. Man- agement for the uplands will be primarily for timber harvesting and long-range timber management. The aquatic areas (marine) and tidelands are under the jurisdiction of the state. The Department of Fish and Game has management responsibility for the fisheries resources, and existing management practices are similar to those for the rest of south Prince of Wales Island. The Department of Natural Resources has responsibility for leases and uses of the tideland areas. State and Federal permits have been issued for the construction of the first phase of the log transfer and storage facility project. (Permits are included at the end of this section.) Tideland management plans are being developed by DNR. 5. Existing Ownership, Jurisdiction, and Management Status of Adjacent Shoreland and Sea Areas The adjacent areas are under the same jurisdiction and management as described above. 6. Use Conflicts a. Major Industrial Development--This area is undevel- oped at this time, and is an important location for traditional and customary resource harvesting. Proposed development activities must occur so as to minimize impacts to these resources. b. Logging--Logging practices could affect fisheries and estuarine values. Local resources could be impacted. C. Secondary Impacts of Development--If major de- velopment is to occur in the Saltery area, the PD500.008 9-48 City of Hydaburg will have to provide additional housing, public facilities, transportation, and other services. Because of the potential magnitude of the development, the city and the corporations must closely coordinate their respective planning and capital improvements. 7. Management Plan The Saltery Point-Crab Trap Cove AMSA shall be managed to maintain or enhance the continued consumptive tradi- tional and customary resource uses and activities, and the industrial development activities that are described in the basis for designation. All future uses and acti- vities must demonstrate compatibility with the protec- tion and enhancement of these traditional and customary uses and activities, and with the industrial development activities. The industrial area includes an upland area of 75 acres on the north and west sides of Saltery Point. This upland area will be used as a log sort and storage area, dock facilities, possible wood processing facility, and minerals and log transshipment base. Adjacent aquatic areas have been permitted for ship mooring facilities, dock construction, log storage, and related uses, all of which are to occur in the subtidal areas immediately offshore of the north side of Saltery Point. Permit approval has also occurred for the log storage in the subtidal areas of Crab Trap Cove (see Figure 25-5). These uses are acceptable in this management plan, and would remain so even upon expiration of the permits (although new permits would then be required). The upland area at the Point includes lands in addition to those presented in the existing permits, to allow for reasonable expansion of facilities and uses. The upland areas demarcated for industrial uses on the AMSA map may require expansion to fit an overall development scheme. Buffers will be left wherever practical both for aesthetic reasons and for wind protection. As stated above, the existing permits provide for vari- ous in-water uses and facilities related to the indus- trial development. The permits include the condition that annual reviews will be undertaken for the aquatic uses to ensure that local water quality and habitat conditions are not being adversely impacted. These annual reviews for the permits are a part of the man- agement plan of this AMSA, to provide protection of the resources of the adjacent tideflats and wetlands. No further aquatic development will be allowed eastward of the presently mapped industrial areas. The existing PD500.008 9-49 development area terminates at the point where the Salt- ery tideflats begin. This designates the beginning of the intertidal habitat that supports a variety of shell- fish and other resources used by Hydaburg residents. Development activities, including the storage of logs or other materials, will not be allowed in these inter- tidal areas. The accumulation of bark debris or other materials potentially detrimental to the aquatic envi- ronment will not be allowed. As stated in the existing permits, such occurrences will require, upon the deter- mination of the Department of Environmental Conserva- tion or Department of Fish and Game, appropriate ac- tions by the permittee to clean up and otherwise remedy the situation, or become subject to permit suspension or revocation. Transportation corridors are a major consideration for this AMSA. The full development of the Saltery Point industrial complex will require adequate transportation facilities to serve the Prince of Wales Island system. This transshipment facility is being planned as the primary facility for the southern half of the island. The consolidation of such facilities is consistent with the planning area policies related to logging and ship- ping activities. one road will access the facility from the lower Saltery Creek area (see map). It is the objective of this plan to have one primary access corri- dor that will serve the Saltery, Hydaburg, Eek and other drainages, including the Deer Bay area. This will mini- mize road construction requirements for the Saltery and Hydaburg systems, and help protect water quality and soils. Policies: 1. All proposed actions within the AMSA must be con- sistent with this management plan. 2. If a regulatory agency determines that the proposed action is inconsistent with the management plan, the project proposer will be required to develop a study that 1) evaluates the extent of the impacts to the resources, 2) evaluates alternative sites or locations, and 3) develops possible mitigative actions* that will maintain or replace those re- sources that will be adversely impacted. *If alternative locations or sites are not available, then mitigation will be required to offset the expected impacts and replace the expected losses. Mitigation is to occur through resource or habitat replacement or enhancement, not through monetary or land exchanges, or other non-resource specific replacement actions. PD500.008 9-50 3. Logging will be allowed if operating plans are submitted to the City of Hydaburg at least three months before the time of intended submittal of the DNR Forest Practices Intent to Operate Noti- fication (11 AAC 95.030). The primary concerns are in fisheries habitat protection, water quality maintenance, streambed crossings, riparian zone management, and prevention of siltation of the streams. The city will comment on logging opera- tion plans regarding road planning, soil protec- tion, and riparian protection. If operation plans appear to be potentially detrimental to these envi- ronmental features, the Department of Environmental Conservation or the Department of Fish and Game will be called upon to determine if alternative plans or mitigation should be required. 4. The subsurface estate is in the ownership of Sea- laska Corporation. Mineral resources are known to occur in this area, although commercial value has not yet been determined. Mineral explorations and possible development are allowable uses within the AMSA boundaries with the following conditions: 0 Preliminary explorations that involve airborne geophysical surveillance, chip sampling, limi- ted soil and rock sampling, geochemical sam- pling, ground geophysics, and other minor activities may be conducted without formal notification of the City of Hydaburg. 0 More detailed minerals exploratory work that would include core drilling activities, limi- ted trenching, camp siting, or core shed facilities will require notification to the city 30 days before intent to proceed with these activities. Included in this notifi- cation will be the location of the activity (to the 11 section at a minimum), plans for access, equipment and materials, and size and plans for the camp (if appropriate). For any state or Federal permits that may be required, permit applications should also be included in the notification data. 0 Bulk sampling activities or actual minerals extraction beyond exploration will require a six (6) month notification to the City of Hydaburg. Four months before the time actual site activity is to be undertaken, the PD500.008 9-51 developer will provide the City with the fol- lowing information:* Location of the activity and proximity to water bodies Type of proposed activity and work plan (including a description of processing if appropriate) Proposed schedule Proposed equipment and materials to be used within the AMSA Proposed transportation plan, including any new roads, design measures to minimize erosion, soil protection measures, etc. Expected environmental impacts and any mitigative measures Materials and waste clean-up and removal plan Storage facilities Workers camp plans, facilities and location Fuels storage and spill protection plan If these plans are determined by the appropri- ate regulatory agency to be insufficient to adequately protect the resources of this AMSA, revised plans must be developed. 0 If any activity during bulk sampling or min- erals development causes an impact to the aquatic systems of these AMSA areas that is deemed potentially significant to the aquatic resources, all operations related to that activity will stop until the problem is reme- died and adequate protective safeguards are *If the exploration or development proposal is determined to be a major Federal action (through permit or lease) requir- ing a NEPA Environmental Impact Statement (40 CFR 1500), this management process will defer to that process. The city will maintain an active role in the EIS development and review. PD500.008 9-52 put into place. The need for and the adequacy of protective measures are to be determined by the appropriate regulatory agency(s). 5. Future uses and activities within this AMSA will also be reviewed for ACMP consistency using the existing policies and standards of the Alaska Coastal Management Program. implementation: Implementation of the management plan will be accom- plished through existing state and Federal agency rules and regulations, as manifested through permits, ap- provals, leases, grants, management decisions, and other means. The consistency determination for state authori- ties will be based upon compliance with the AMSA poli- cies and the ACMP. Federal activities within the AMSA (permits, grants, etc.) must be consistent with the management policies to the "maximum extent practicable" (i.e., unless the agency will be violating another Fed- eral law by doing so). Upland activities on Federal lands will be reviewed for consistency with this AMSA plan for all potential "spillover impacts." Authority: The authority to be used to implement this management plan will be premised upon 1) the Coastal Policy Coun- cil's authority to formally designate an AMSA (6 AAC 80.160.a) and 2) the existing laws and regulations of the state and Federal government, as cited throughout this document and summarized in Appendix C. PD500.008 9-53 ~1p~n~ STATE OF ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF LAND & WATER MANAGEMENT 1. This permit conveys no interest in State land. may be reissued upon application by the permit LAND USE APPLICATION AND PERMIT 1. This permit conveys no interest in state land. This permit is nonrenewable, but may be reissued upon application by the permit holder at the state's discretion. The permit reissuance period may not exceed one year. This permit is revocable immediately, with or without cause. If revoked without cause, the permit holder shall be afforded 30 days within which to remove his possessions and vacate the premises. This Permit is not transferrable. It is issued to authorized specific activities requested by the applicant and which are not included in the category of "generally permitted uses." 2. This land use permit is subject to the following provisions: a. Activities employing wheeled or tracked vehicles shall be conducted in such a manner as to minimize surface damage. b. Existing roads and trails shall be used whereever possible. Trail widths shall be kept to the minimum necessary. Trail surface may be cleared of timber, stumps and snags. due care shall be used to avoid excessive scarring of romoval of vegetatiive ground cober. c. All activities shall be conducted in a manner that will minimize disturbance of natural drainage systems that will not cause a change in character, pollution, siltation of streams, lakes, ponds, water holes, seeps and marshes, or disturb fish and wildlife resources. Cuts, fills or other activities causing any of the above disturbances, if not repaired immediately, are subject to any corrective action as may be required by the director. d. Unless herein permitted, the director prohibits the disturbance of vegetation within 300 feet of any waters located in specially designated areas as perscrebed in chapter 5122, Section 1, Paragraph 2.2 of the division's Policy and Procedure Manual, except at designated stream crossings. These special designations are noted on the State of Alaska land status plats. e. All activities shall be undertaken in a manner which causes the least possible interference with other authorized uses of state lands. f. Trails and campsites shall be kept clean. All garbage and foreign debris shall be eliminated by removal, burning or burial, unless otherwise authorized. g. All survey monuments, witness corners, reference monuments, mining claim posts and bearing trees shall be protected against destructin, obliteration or damage. Any damaged or obliterated markers shall be reestablished in accordance with accepted survey practices of division. h. Every reasonable effort shall be made to prevent, control or suppress any fire in the permitted area. Uncontrolled fires shall be reported immediately. i. Holes, pits and excavations shall be filled, plugged or repaired. Holes, pits and excabations necessary to verify discovery on prospecting sites, mining claims and mining leasehold locations may be left open but shall be maintained so as to minimize erosion and siltation and shall be consistant with public safety and welfare. j. No person may engage in mineral exploration activity on land open to such use, the surface of which has been granted or leased to third parties by the State of Alaska, or on land in which the state has recieved the reserved interest of the United States until good faith attempts have been made to agree with the surface lessee on a settlement for damages which may be caused by such activity. If located within a reasonable time, operations may be commenced on the land for full payment of any damages which the surface owner or leesee may suffer. k. Entry on all lands under prospecting permit, lease or claim, by othe than the holder of the permit, leaxe or claim, or his authorized representative, shall be made in a manner which will prevent unnecessary or unreasonable interference with the rights of the permittee, lesssee or claimant. k u z Aq As. -rRm s A t 0 @121 A, 7- k. 7,5' A,. 7 m,4w 72 PROP QbI PROPOSED LOG TRANSFER FACILITY FOR: FOR: - SEALASKA TIMBER CORP. 400 MISSION ST. KETCHIKAN, ALASKA 99901 BY: BY: PERATROVICH & NOTTINGHAM, INC. SUITE '14' 130 W INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT RD. ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99502 .25 24 JUNE 1980. SHEET I OF 3 m tm @m No ift aw low NOTES: 1) Proposed projects include a 32' x 442' + log transfer dock, a log dump, and two standing booms for log storage. Purpose of proposed work is to provide a log transfer facility for industrial use. 2) Proposed 82' x 442' + log then for dock is to have a deck of steel and concrete construction supposed by stool piles. Proposed fill area for dock has approximate dimensions of 400' x 100' x 60' deep at outside edge and will have approximate quantities of 40,000 cu. yds. of given shot rock and approximated 1,000 cu. yds. of clean rip rap to current erosion kof land fill. All fill materials will come from upland source. 3) Proposed log dump to consist of a steel or concrete or wood crow log approximately 40' in length of steel bean structure approximately 80' long. Beam structure to be supported by wood or steel piles driven to refusal. Apower operation claim system to be mounted on beam struc- ture to provide easy let down of logs. 4) Proposed standing beams to consist of logs connected by beam claims w/anchors at each end and in middle of said beam. Beam #1 to be 500' + in length and Beam #2 to be 2,500' + in length. PURPOSE: To provide a log transfer facility DATUM: Mean lower low water = 0' IN: Sukkawan Strait NEAR: Hydaburg, Alaska ADJACENT PROPERTY OWNER: Hyda corp. P.O. Box 91 Hydaburg, Alaska 99922 PROPOSED LOG TRANSFER FACILITY FOR: SEALSKA TIMBER CORP. 400 MISSION ST. KETCHIKAN, ALASKA 99901 BY: PERATROVICH & NOTTINGHAM, INC. SUITE "N" 130 W INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT RD. ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99502 24 JUNE 1980 SHEET 3 OF 3 STATE OF ALASKA DE?.%RT11i:Nf 0" NATLMA-1 RES OUECES DIVISION OF FOREST, L,%ND & WATER .4.42NAGEMENT A-D.L." 10-Z61G -A:-,S. IZS"I LAIND [email protected] APPLICATION '00 PERITT 2. APPLICANT 0 f Q@@ q._0n Sealaska Timber 0:2riporation :F @_-77_ Name (Last) . (Firs t) (MI)IReceived bvIDistrictlYear Number i 4 Od MiSSiOrl-L. ROOM 205 K,,t-rhjkAn ruz qqSkoi R@1444 Q Street/P.O.:Bo.\ City State Zip 3.- LAND LOCATION: Township 77S , Ran6e 84E C.R. Meridian, Section 19 Portion s@e-e-at@a-cfEr'P-re--Preliminary Plat Other Description Permit.area is -Shown in vellow.- LcAsr_ App@ ca-r--@ 4. PROPOSED ACTIVITY: construction ot two additional log standing A;@'@A- 3.C b0omcq SOO fF@-t- long PArh fn, _ki;; in _4,p log ratts tor tow q. @n@sjqf-. -F a "Cres Ts-e e;.7tra sFeets if necescary 5. SPECIAL STIPULALONS: (in ;iddition to conditions oii reverse side) Logs and log booms will not ground at any stake of the t1dg. 6. DATE OF APPLICATION: May 11, 19 82 7. DATE OF INTENDED USE (not to exceed one year) From _fiLlj82 t0_5Z_W83 a. coRTACT PERsON, if other than applicant: Kurt W_Korthals Sealaska Timber Corporation Name 400 @Iissiionft_ 205, Ktchikan, AK 99901 225-9444 roylt. JliaiSC)n Forest z Addr4@ Telephone No. Position/Title :E < c 9. Administrativp Forester Vjl/ SI(JNATVRF OF WP1.15C31@T-OK-AU'rHORIZE0 REPRESENTATIVE . Title Date rmij I' ' S Granted as v I O.__kRk Pd 1,!@e Denied @ Yd 82";@ a By /7 b t"c&- Ma nZ9re'r0'rSt T@)Pfe- a V. atta 11. B' S RE U'IR ched bond) k' Kv t only covers those develOP--nts 121. r, LEKENTAL INFORMLATION ThiS_permi %%A1 Sbo%n on attached dev4@@_-It rlari. This is an Pyrin-givp S Me__Pe_)m_2E_ and carrip,-' a fee of $200, 90 p= 7 year peri-od. '@ A/x/ fto Im low, 1. This permit conveys no interest in state land. This permit is non-renwable, but it may be re-issued upon application by the permit holder, and at the state's descretion. The permit re-issuance period may nor exceed one year. This permit is revocable immediately, with or without cause. If revoked without cause, the permit holder STATE OF ALASKA shall be afforded 30 days within which to remove his possessions and vacate the DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES premises. This permit is not transferrable. It is issued to authorized specific DIVISION OF FOREST, LAND & WATER MANAGEMENT activities requested by the applicant and which are not included in the category of S.E. DISTRICT OFFICE "general permitted uses." LAND USE APPLICATION AND PERMIT 2. This land use permit is subject to the following provisions: a. Activities employing wheeled or tracked vehicles shall be conducted in such a 2. APPLICANT PERMIT-For Office Use Only manner as to minimize surface damage. Sealaska Timber Corporation JB SES 82 127 b. Existing roads and trails shall be used whenever possible. Trail widths shall Name (Last) (First) (MI) Recieved by District Year Number be kept to the minimum necessary. Trail surface may bee cleared of timber, 400 Mission St., Room 205, Ketchikan, AK 99901 225-9444 stumps, and snags. Due care shall be used to avoid excessive scarring or removal Street/P.O. Box City State Zip Phone of vegetation ground cover. c. All activities shall be conducted in a manner that will minimize disturbance of 3. LAND LOCATION: natural draingage systems. That will not cause, a change in character, pollution, Township 143, Range 84E, C.R. Meridian, Section 19 & 20 Portion a siltation of streams, lakes, ponds, water holes, srrps, and marshes, or disturb Other Description fish and wildlife resources. Cuts, fills, or other activities causing any of See attached State Tideland Lease pre-preliminary Plat for the above disturbances, if not repaired immediately, are subject to any corrective A.D.L. #102817 - A.T.S. 1255 Permitted area is shown on the attached action as may be required by the director. drawing. EXPANSION AREA AT TRAP BAY d. Unless herein permitted, the director prohibits the disturbance of vegetation within 300 feet of any waters located in specially designated areas as prescribed 4. PROPOSED ACTIVITY: Construction of an 1,800 foot long log standing in paragraph 2.2 if the division's Policy and Procedure Manual, except at boom, postioned with 7-ton anchors, for storing log rafts designated stream crossings. These special designations noted on the State of temporarily for eventual export at Saltery Point. A.T.S. 1255 Alaska land status plats. encompasses an area of 12.98 acres. e. All activities shall be undertaken in a manner which causes the least possible Use extra sheets if necessary interference with other authorized uses of state lands. f. Trails and campsites shall be kept clean. All garbage and foreign debris shall 5. SPECIAL STIPULAIONS: (in addition to conditions on reverse side) be eliminated by removal, buring, or burial, unless otherwise autorized. Logs and logs booms shall not ground at any stage of the ride. g. All survey monuments, witness corners, reference monuments, mining claim posts, and bearing trees shall be protected agaist destruction, obligation, or damage. Any damaged or obligated markers shall be re-established in accordance 6. DATE OF APPLICATION: May 11 1982 with accepted survey practice of the division. 7. DATE OF INTENDED USE (not to exceed one year) From 6/1/82 to 5/31/83 h. Every reasonable effort shall be made to prevent, control, or supress any fire 8. CONTACT PERSON, if other than applicant: Kurt W. Korthals in the permitted area. Uncontrolled fires shall be immediately reported. Sealaska Timber Corporation i. Holes, pits, and excavations shall be filled, plugged, or repaired. Holes, 400 Mission St., Room 205, Ketchikan, AK 99901 225-9444 Gov't Lieison Forest pits, and excavations necessary to verify discovery on prospecting sites, mining Address Telephone No. Position/Title claims, and mining leasehold locations may be left open but shall be maintained 9. Administrative Forester so as to minimize erosion and siltation and shal be consistant with poublic SIGNIATURE OF APPLICANT OR AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE Title Date safety and welfare. 10. APPLICANTION IS Granted Denied Granted as modified j. No person may engage in mineral exploration activity on land open to such use, By the surfac e of which has been granted or leased to third parties by the State of Division of Forest, Land and Water Management Title Date Alaska, or on land in which the state has recieved the reserved interest of the 11. BOND IS REQUIRED (See attached bond) United States until good faith attempts have been made to agree with the surface 12. SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION This permit only covers those developments lessee on the settlement for damages which may be caused by such activity. If shown on standard development plan. This is and exclusive use permit agreement cannot be reached, or the subsurface lessee or surface owner cannot be and for a one year period. located within a reasonable time, operations may be commenced on the land only after specific approval of the director, and after making adequate provision for full payment of any damages which the surface owner or lessee may suffer. k. Entry as all lands under prospecting permit, lease, or claim, by other than the holder of the permit, lease, or claim or his authorized representative, shall be made in a manner which will prevent unnecessary or unreasonable interference with the rights of the permittee, lessee, or claimant. SPA L-A 5 P@A COSLF. s6tjeA*%./Aj4 rsL-ApjD- LocSvo"cm ZArAW80W A.DL. A.T.S. Aft Lo& RAJV-r Sra'UC,,-- A't&A La Ast Arr EA-Sri"r. Lit^$ A ILEA @2.18 Astai A-rS 117Z. S LAN MCI (An oil 1.1 SCA-c- I J-00 ?LL- loirl 51 P-AAkL-r-4 'flooL.- Am oa.. --ru c-. 0 -T CSL AN C;I..,) low Ift HETTA COVE-EEK INLET Introduction The Hetta Cove-Eek Inlet Area Meriting Special Attention (AMSA) sets forth a management plan that is based on the protection and enhancement of specific coastal resources and uses. These resources and uses are described in the "Basis for Designation" section. The management plan consists of policies and an implementation process. Proper and improper uses and activities will be determined by state and Federal agencies with regulatory authorities. Through the basis for designation and the management plan, clear direction is pro- vided for future resource management within this AMSA. Federal lands are excluded from the state's coastal zone; the AMSA boundaries therefore do not include Federal proper- ties. However, Federal consistency will be considered when activities on Federal properties may have "spillover im- pacts" on the adjacent AMSA. Federal activities not on Fed- eral properties (Sec. 10 and Sec. 404 permits, grants, etc.) and within the AMSA must be consistent with the management plan to the "maximum extent practicable" (i.e., unless they will be violating another Federal law by doing so). The City of Hydaburg will be involved in the review of future activities and uses within the AMSA through receipt of permit notices, public notices, etc. as listed in Table 13. The city will submit comments, through the mayor's office, to the project sponsor and to the appropriate regulatory agency(ies). The city will use a checklist system to make advisory consistency recommendations on the proposed action. other authorities that may be involved in the project review process and consistency determinations include: Governor's Office, Division of Policy Development and Planning (for coastal management program consistency) Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (water quality protection) Alaska Department of Fish and Game (biological resources and habitat protection) Alaska Department of Natural Resources (as managers of state waters) U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (as land land manager) 1. Basis for AMSA Designation The basis for the designation of the Hetta Cove-Eek Inlet area as an Area Meriting special Attention is the PD500.008 9-61 Table 13 PERMIT APPLICATIONS AND PUBLIC NOTICES THE HYDABURG DISTRICT WILL RECEIVE FOR REVIEW AND POSSIBLE COMMENT AREAS MERITING SPECIAL ATTENTION Review Time Permit/Public Notice (days) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Sec. 10 Permit Permit 30 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Sec. 404 Permit 30 Fed. Env. Impact Statement Notice 45-90 DEC/EPA Wastewater Discharge Permit 30 DNR Water Appropriations Notice - DNR Tidelands Lease Notice 30 DNR Forest Practices Notice of Intent to Operate <30 Forest Service Minerals Exploration Permit - DNR Minerals Leasing Notice - DNR Oil & Gas Leasing Notice 30 DNR Wells & Fields Listing Notice - Coast Guard Hazardous Wastes Permit - Solid Waste Management Permit 30 FERC Hydroelectric License Permit 30 DEC Air Pollution Discharge Permit 30 ADFG Title 16 - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Dams and Dikes on Waterways Permit to Construct PD500.035. 6 9-62 importance of the area for traditional and customary subsistence harvest of the following natural resources: (1) sockeye salmon, (2) mink, (3) marten, and (4) land otter. Other significant features include historical significance (seven archaeological/historic sites occur in the area), recreational values, and the fisheries enhancement opportunities that are undergoing study. The protection of habitat values for preservation of the native sockeye runs is of utmost importance. Traditional and customary resource use is particularly heavy in the Hetta-Eek area. Approximately 12-13 per- cent of the total household catch for Dolly Varden and 30 percent of the rainbow trout catch comes from Hetta. For cutthroat trout, 50 percent of the catch comes from the Eek system; of the king salmon, approximately 60 per- cent are harvested in Eek. One hundred percent of the sockeye salmon, providing 80 percent of the households each year, comes from Hetta or Eek. Twenty-one percent of the coho harvest comes from Eek, and 10 percent of the pink harvest. Six percent of the gumboots and 100 percent of the sockeye eggs harvest come from Hetta or Eek. 2. Map (see Figure 25-6) 3. Description Hetta Cove and Lake are located on the western side of Prince of Wales Island in upper Cordova Bay. They are bordered on the west by Hetta Inlet, to the north by Hetta Mountain (el. 2,931 ft.), to the east by mountains, and to the south by the land mass of Prince of Wales Island. Hetta Cove is the terminus of the watershed drainage from Hetta Creek and Hetta Lake. The uplands are forested with Sitka spruce and western hemlock, the predominant species. The shoreline and drainage bottoms (Hetta Lake and Hetta Creek) are forested with alder, cottonwood, red cedar, and yellow cedar. The area has a history of slides, slope failures, and erosion. The subsurface area is rich in mineral resources of poten- tial development. Deer, black bear, mink, and wolves frequent the upland area. The water system and marine life are unique for Southeast Alaska. Hetta Lake and Creek is the largest sockeye salmon producing system in the general area, with four distinct runs. It holds the potential for being one of the largest producers in Southeast Alaska. Other marine wildlife in the area include abalone, halibut, land otter, pink chum, coho, steelhead, cutthroat, rainbow trout, dungeness crab, shrimp, and red snapper. Historically, Hetta Cove is an old Haida village site, and one of the first fish PD500.008 9-63 hatchery sites. The area was a fish camp site and is still used as one today. Alaska Department of Fish and Game and Southern Southeast Regional Aquaculture Associa- tion consider the lake and stream system to have excel- lent qualities for an aquaculture project, such as lake fertilization. Eek Inlet is located on the southern tip of a peninsula of Prince of Wales Island that divides Hetta Inlet and Sukkwan Straits. To the north lies the watershed, two lakes, and stream system that flow into Eek Inlet. The Inlet opens to the south into Hetta Inlet. Eastern and western boundaries are the peninsula tips of Prince of Wales Island. Vegetation of the area includes Sitka spruce, western hemlock, red cedar, yellow cedar, bull pine, alder, and various wild berries. Terrestial wild- life that frequents the area includes deer, black bear, wolf, and mink. Aquatic resources include sockeye, pink, chum, and coho salmon, rainbow trout, and halibut. The stream and lakes are catalogued spawning and rearing habitat for anadromous fish. The area holds potential for aquaculture projects and has been considered by Haida Corporation for possible aquaculture development. There is a cabin in the inlet that is used for recrea- tional purposes, as well as for traditional and cus- tomary subsistence harvesting. 4. Existing Ownership, Jurisdiction, and Management Status All aquatic areas of the AMSA fall under state ownership. Management of the fishery resources is by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. The tidelands management plan is presently being developed by the Department of Natural Resources. The Hetta Cove and Lake uplands are primarily owned by Sealaska Corporation, with some exclusion areas in the cove area. Sealaska intends to develop the existing resources, including timber and possibly minerals (de- pending on upcoming studies). Specific plans for Sea- laska are being formulated. The exclusion areas are mapped, although specific ownership and management are not yet clear. Eek Lake and Eek Inlet uplands are owned by the Forest Service and Haida Corporation. Haida Corporation owns most of the western, upper drainage portions of the system. Haida Corporation management plans are being formulated at this time. As mentioned, the corporation is inter- ested in fishery enhancement for Eek. The Forest Service has designated all of its holdings for intensive PD500.008 9-64 300 IN( A Lruo @W(BT Fyqjsc@ J@ N N- z I bOl' WWI -5 Simmon eek c MH 1500 df a SA "-FS 2- -44- C, H ita Pt Helta Cove 5, V ID 2 75 75 FS 40 Point -500 4-4 5u + 111705 U 1705 ^005a Eek 1 BT ConnerNn?A resource use and development (LUD IV, Tongass National Forest Land Management Plan). 5. Adjacent Ownership, Jurisdiction, and Management Status Adjacent areas are under the same jurisdiction and man- agement as described above. 6. Use Conflicts a. Logging--Logging in the Hetta and Eek drainage systems could adversely impact fishery resources if not properly planned and managed. The sockeye salmon runs are essential to the residents of Hydaburg. b. Minerals Development in Hetta Area--Minerals devel- opment could adversely impact the Hetta Lake and Cove fishery, through wasting, sedimentation, water quality degradation, etc. Mineral explora- tion and development must be carefully planned. C. Recreational Use--Hetta and Eek are used exten- sively for recreation by Hydaburg residents. Devel- opment activities should not unduly restrict tradi- tional and customary access and use. 7. Management Plan Hetta: The geophysical characteristics of the Hetta Lake area and much of its drainage show a history of soil/slope failures, snow slides, and generally very steep topography. Any road activity within the drain- age could potentially have a damaging effect on the water quality and/or fisheries habitat of the Hetta system. Any development activity in the area will re- quire careful planning and design to ensure the protec- tion of the resources. Because of the sensitivity of the environment and the significance of the area and its resources to the people of Hydaburg, a special management strategy is required. Eek: Eek Lake and drainage do not have the same sever- ity of slope failures and steep topography as the Hetta area. Although there are steep slopes in certain por- tions of the drainage, they are not as extensive as in the Hetta area. However, the resource usage of sockeye is of equal significance to that of the Hetta system, and therefore requires the same level of environmental protection. The proposed management strategy applies to both the Hetta system and the Eek system, although Hetta development planning will require a greater con- sideration of geophysical hazards. PD500.008 9-67 I The Hetta Cove-Eek Inlet AMSA shall be managed to main- tain or enhance the continued consumptive traditional and customary resource uses and activities that are described in the Basis for Designation. All future uses and activities must give priority to the protection and enhancement of these traditional and customary uses and activities. Policies: 1. All proposed actions, when reviewed by the regula- tory agency(ies), shall be evaluated to determine if the proposed action is consistent with the man- agement plan. 2. If a regulatory agency determines that the pro- posed action is inconsistent with the management plan, the project proposer will be required to develop a study that 1) evaluates the extent of the impacts to the resources, 2) evaluates alter- native sites or locations, and 3) develops possible mitigative actions* that will maintain or replace those resources that will be adversely impacted. 3. Future uses and activities within this AMSA will also be reviewed for ACMP consistency using the existing policies and standards of the Alaska Coastal Management Program. 4. Timber harvesting will be permitted within the Hetta and Eek drainages only if the following stan- dards are met. Riparian protection zones and special road designs are of particular concern. 0 No log storage will be allowed within Hetta Lake or Eek Lake. 0 No A-frame logging can occur in the vicinity of the lake or inlets (Hetta or Eek). 0 All logging plans for the drainage must be submitted to the City of Hydaburg at least 3 Ohl months before intended submittal of the *If alternative locations or sites are not available, then mitigation will be required to offset the expected impacts and replace the expected losses. Mitigation is to occur through resource or habitat replacement or enhancement, not through monetary or land exchanges or other non-resource specific replacement actions. PD500.008 9-68 Notification of operation to the Department of Natural Resources (11 AAC 95.030). If the submitted logging plans fail to demonstrate adequate protection of the system's water quality and/or fisheries habitat, Sealaska (or other applicant) is obligated to make the necessary plan adjustments to mitigate these impacts. The adequacy of the environmental protection measures will be determined by the Department of Environmental Conservation (for water quality issues) and the Department of Fish and Game (for fisheries habitat). Information contained in the logging plan will include: Specific areas to be logged Special equipment provisions Road designs and special measures for erosion and sedimentation control (wherever possible) Special management considerations for riparian zones Seasonal considerations (relative to weather and salmonid uses) � No overnight storage of fuels related to log- ging operations will be allowed in the drain- age unless complete safeguards to system water quality can be demonstrated. � All equipment, matts, and structures (build- ings) will be removed from the AMSA upon com- pletion of timber harvesting activities (ex- cept for normal seasonal shutdowns). 5. Minerals exploration and development will be permitted within the Hetta and Eek drainages if the following management standards can be met: 0 No tailings will be allowed into Hetta Lake or Eek Lake. 0 Preliminary explorations may occur without formal notification to the city. These ex- ploratory activities include airborne geo- physics, chip sampling, limited soil and rock sampling, geochemical sampling, ground PD500.008 9-69 geophysics and other prospecting activities that do not require any ground vehicles or other equipment that cannot be transported in and out of the area by standard helicopter methods. State and/or Federal permitting or notification will be required, as by law, where applicable. Any storage of fuels, drill- ing solutions, or other potential pollutants within the Hetta or Eek drainage must be prop- erly contained and protected with appropriate safeguards to minimize the risk of spills or discharge into any water body within the drainage. 0 In advanced minerals exploration where trench- ing and/or core drilling are to be undertaken but no roads are required, Sealaska or other developer will give the City of Hydaburg a thirty (30) day notice before the time of actual site work. The notice of intent to operate will include the general area of work activities, a general work plan, a proposed schedule of operations, proposed equipment and materials to be used, routes of ingress and egress for employees, any camp require- ments including location and facilities, a plan for the cleanup cf all activities, and provisions for the removal of all foreign materials out of the area after the work ac- tivities are completed.. 0 Sealaska or other developer will give the City of Hydaburg at lEtast a six (6) month notice of intent to operate for bulk samp- ling, mine development, or other activities that require any road work, large drilling equipment (larger than a helicopter can rea- sonably be expected to move in and out of the area), significant trenching or digging (re- quiring equipment that. cannot be flown in), or other activities that are beyond the scope of "advanced minerals exploration." Sealaska (or other developer) will provide the city with the following information relevant to the intended mineral activity at least 4 months before intent to operate:* *If the exploration or development proposal is determined to be a major Federal action requirIng a NEPA Environmental Impact Statement (40 CFR 1500), this management process will defer to that process. The city will maintain an active role in the EIS development -and review. PD500.008 9-70 Location of the activity and proximity of water bodies Type of activity, work plan, and pro- posed schedule Proposed equipment and materials intended for use within the AMSA Proposed transportation methods, includ- ing routes for personnel, equipment, and materials, plus road designs (if planned), with soils protection mea- sures and erosion prevention plans Expected environmental impacts Environmental mitigation and protection wherever necessary Clean-up and removal plan for materials, equipment, buildings, etc. Storage facilities and fuel spill preven- tion plans Complete camp requirements and plans to remove all structures upon completion J Provisions to ensure that no overnight storage of fuels is to occur except in an area specially designed and protected for such use. 0 If during exploration, sampling, or develop- ment, any activity causes a potentially signi- ficant impact to the system's water quality or habitat, all operations related to that activity will stop until the potential problem is remedied and adequate protective measures are put into place and approved by appropriate agencies. 0 All structures and equipment shall be removed from the AMSA. 6. Historical sites: There are seven known historical sites in the Hetta Lake and Inlet area. These sites have been mapped in both the city's inven- tory and the Sealaska inventory. The Bureau of Land Management is currently working on formal registration for two of these sites. Before any development activity occurs within the area, a PD500-008 9-71 management plan for the protection of these sites must be developed. The management plan will in- clude protection measures for the actual site lo- cations, as well as protective buffers necessary to maintain the integrity of the historical resource. Implementation: Implementation of the management plan will be accom- plished through existing state and Federal agency rules and regulations, as manifested through permits, ap- provals, leases, grants, management decisions, and other means. The consistency determination for state authori- ties will be based upon compliance with the AMSA policies and the ACMP. Federal activities within the AMSA (per- mits, grants, etc.) must be consistent with the manage- ment policies to the "maximum E'xtent practicable" (i.e., unless the agency will be ViOlELting another Federal law by doing so). Upland activitiE!S on Federal lands will be reviewed for consistency with this AMSA plan for all potential "spillover impacts." Authority: The authority to be used to implement this management plan will be premised upon 1) the Coastal Policy Coun- cil's authority to formally designate an AMSA (6 AAC 80.160.a) and 2) the existing laws and regulations of the state and Federal government, as cited throughout this document and summarized in Appendix C. PD500.008 9-72 CHAPTER 10 Planning Area Policies and Implementation N WIN Chapter 10 PLANNING AREA POLICIES AND IMPLEMENTATION INTRODUCTION The Hydaburg coastal management district has no direct author- ity over actions occurring within the planning area. The policies developed for the planning area are recommendations only, and the district's consistency reviews are advisory. However, land managers are encouraged to consult with and actively involve the district in management actions of coastal significance undertaken within the planning area. In addition, existing laws and regulations of the state and Federal govern- ment will serve as implementation means within the planning area. Appendix C contains a discussion and a chart of the laws and regulations that could fall within the coastal manage- ment plan. As discussed in Chapter 8, the mayor of Hydaburg is responsible for implementing the coastal management plan. The mayor (or city administrator, if so assigned) will therefore conduct the advisory consistency reviews and will undertake any other administrative duties relating to implementation of the plan. PLANNING AREA POLICIES General Policy It is the general policy of the district to pursue and max- imize communication and cooperative agreements with native corporations and state and Federal agencies for maximum pos- sible protection of significant resources identified within the planning area. Geophysical Hazard Areas Policies (6 AAC 80.0501* 1. Where feasible alternatives exist, discourage devel- opment from occurring in known or potential geophysical hazard areas. 2. Where no feasible alternatives exist, support develop- ment in a known or potential geophysical hazard area only if siting, design, and construction measures have been provided to minimize damage and protect against loss of life. *Applicable standard or guideline of Alaska Coastal Manage- ment Program. PD500.037 10-1 Recreation Policies (6 AAC 80.060) 1. Encourage recreational uses to be allowed in areas of traditional and customary recrE!ation use. 2. Evaluate surrounding uses and activities for their pos- sible adverse impacts on recreational activities. 3. Encourage the maintenance and E!nhancement of access to recreational areas. Energy Facilities Policies (6 AAC 80.070) 1. Support development of the Black Bear hydroelectric power project to meet Hydaburg's power needs. 2. Support development of the Reynolds Creek hydropower project after development of Black Bear if additional power is needed and if possible adverse environmental impacts can be mitigated. 3. Support and encourage the development of cogeneration energy facilities related to wood products and other industrial processes in the Hydaburg area. Transportation and Utilities Policies (6 AAC 80.080) 1. Support the expeditious construction of the Hydaburg- Natzuhini road connection. 2. Support the development of aux' Mary roads necessary to support commercial and industrial activities. Encourage the planning of roads to cause as little erosion and disruption as possible, and encourage adequate mainte- nance until they are put to bed. 3. Support the development of harbor and dock protection facilities for sea transportation. 4. Advocate the siting of transportation and utility routes and facilities in environmentally suitable locations. Advocate siting routes and facilities inland from beaches and shorelines unless they are water-dependent or unless no feasible alternative exists to meet the public need for them. Fish and Seafood Processing Policies (6 AAC 80.090) 1. Support diversification of the fishing industry to include shellfish and bottomfish processing and marketing where the resource extent is found adequate. 2. Support continuing feasibility studies of fish hatchery development and other enhancement measures. PD500.037 10-2 3. Encourage adequate design and control of processing facilities to prevent negative impacts on surrounding coastal habitats. 4. Where economically feasible, encourage the use of avail- able logging equipment for the clearance of stream block- age that impedes upstream and/or downstream fish migra- tion. 5. Support salmon spawning escapement goals with the best possible distribution to all systems. 6. Encourage the minimum possible interception of salmon destined for the districts where weak runs are fore- casted. 7. Support a harvest of good quality fish within the con- straints dictated by run size. Timber Harvest and Processing Policies (6 AAC 80.100) 1. Support development of commercial timber harvesting and of transport, storage, and processing facilities. 2. Support management plans and practices for timber har- vesting and processing that provide protection of other resources in the coastal area, particularly fish and subsistence resources. Timber harvest should be con- ducted in a manner equal to or exceeding the protection provided under the state Forest Practices Act. 3. Encourage long-range forest management planning for timber production. 4. Encourage the development of log transfer and rafting facilities according to the guidelines developed by the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation for the siting and use of such facilities, as set forth below: - Log Transfer and Rafting Guidelines Department of Environmental Conservation 1. Apply the General Field Evaluation Guidelines for the initial screening of the site. 2. Review the timber plan, if it is available, for the particular area, including proposed locations of new roads, transfer sites, and rafting locations. 3. Select sites which have the steepest subtidal slope and a minimum of bottom features which would tend to concentrate bark waste. PD500.037 10-3 4. Favor sites with relatively sparse subtidal and in- tertidal algal and benthic invertebrate populations, i.e., generally sandy and muddy substrates rather than rocky habitat. Evaluate subtidal alternatives using the NMFS transect technique. 5. Whenever possible, locate sites outside protected, shallow bays, and along straits and channels where currents may be stronger and water deeper. 6. If protected bays must be chosen, select bays with- out shallow sills or other natural restrictions to tidal exchange, wind mixing, and wave surge. 7. Maximize the distance between transfer and rafting sites and the mouths of fish-spawning and other rearing streams, particularly critical for inter- tidal spawning salmon species (pink, chum). 8. Determine whether herring spawning and/or crab nur- sery areas have been documented for the site and minimize damage to spawning habitat. 9. Determine the extent of suitable upland acreage that could be used for onshore storage of logs. Ask whether marine storage is necessary, the extent of teredo damage in the past in that area, and the applicant's knowledge of "colddecking" practices. Encourage upland storage in areas of high recrea- tional use and/or environmental sensitivity where economics are not prohibitive, 10. Minimize the intertidal acreage lost to fill asso- ciated with the transfer facility. Evaluate whether log skid, A-frame, or helicopter transfer is most appropriate given site-specific conditions. 11. Schedule activities, wherever possible, within a seasonal time frame which minimizes potential inter- ferences with fish runs and/or fishing or crabbing activities. 12. Minimize the number of separate active sites in any given shallow, protected bay. Advocate consolida- tion of facilities where practicable. 13. Select sites which would result 'n a minimum of new road construction in coastal areas. Determine the ecological tradeoffs where new roads are necessary to provide access to an alternative location recom- mended by the Department. 14. Locate site, whenever possible, away from areas re- ceiving high recreational use (crabbing, fishing, other outdoor experiences). PD500.037 10-4 5. Encourage the continued use of non-commercial drift or beach logs for traditional and customary firewood and woodcarving uses. 6. Encourage on-shore storage of logs. 7. Encourage roads for log transport and harvest area ac- cess to be planned, designed, and constructed to mini- mize wasting, erosion, sedimentation, and interference with drainage, and to be adequately maintained during their functional life. 8. Encourage stream crossings, including bridges and cul- verts, to be kept to a minimum number, and to be de- signed to withstand seasonal high water and flooding and provide for free passage and movement of fish. 9. Encourage commercial timber harvest activities in the coastal area to be conducted to meet the standards set forth below: a. The location of facilities and layout of log- ging systems should be sited to minimize ad- verse environmental impacts b. Free passage and movement of fish in coastal water should be assured C. Timber harvest and timber management activi- ties should be planned to protect streambanks and shorelines, and to prevent adverse impacts on fish and wildlife resources and habitats. Mining and Mineral Processing Policies (6 AAC 80.1"0 1. Advocate locating support facilities for fossil fuel development where they will have the least environmental and visual impact. Advocate the complete removal of all structures and materials after completion of the extraction. 2. Advocate the employment of subsurface rather than sur- face mining methods of minerals where practicable. 3. Advocate adequate design and control features for mining activities (including disposal of waste materials) to prevent soil erosion, slope failure, and watershed sedi- mentation and to protect sensitive environmental features. Employment and Economic Development Policies 1. Support the development of stevedoring and longshoring enterpriseswithin the planning area. PD500.037 10-5 2. Encourage the development of vocational training programs and training opportunities for residents and for Haidas wishing to return to the community. 3. Encourage preferential hiring of residents and of Haidas wishing to return to the community for employment oppor- tunities in the planning area where feasible. Traditional and Customary Natural Resource Use Policies (6 AAC 80-120) 1. Support non-wasteful traditional and customary uses or activities as a proper use of renewable resources on public coastal land when it is necessary to restrict resource use to ensure the continued viability of that resource. 2. Support potentially conflicting uses or activities in traditional and customary areas only after a study of possible adverse impacts has been conducted and appro- priate safeguards have been provided to ensure resource conservation. 3. Evaluate surrounding uses and activities for their pos- sible adverse impacts on traditional and customary natural resources and areas, and encourage the provision of appropriate safeguards as practicable. 4. Encourage the maintenance and enhancement of access to traditional and customary areas. 5. Encourage cooperation with adjacent landowners and land managers, including native corporations, appropriate state and Federal agencies, and other countries, in managing traditional and customary activities on public coastal land and in protecting the continued viability of all wild renewable resources. Habitats Policies (6 AAC 80.130) 1. Encourage the maintenance and enhancement of all habitat types and habitat areas that are related to customary and traditional resource uses and activities of the people of Hydaburg. 2. Encourage cooperative management planning of important habitat areas by appropriate state, Federal, and private entities. 3. Encourage the participation of the City of Hydaburg in future land management planning by state, Federal, and private entities for habitats related to customary and traditional resource uses of Hyd.aburg residents. PD500.037 10-6 4. Support research about wildlife-forest relationships through cooperative or coordinated programs among the state, Forest Service and other Federal agencies, timber industry, and universities. 5. Support a formal review by U.S. Department of Agricul- ture and State Attorney General's office of the consis- tency of the Alaska Lands Act and its level of guaran- teed timber availability with multiple-use and fish and wildlife protection mandates of the National Forest Management Act and other relevant regulations and guidelines. 6. Support considering changes to the Tongass Land Manage- ment Plan (TLMP) when it is revised in 1990. Changes should be considered to: a. Provide consistency with the National Forest Management Act, the Southeast Alaska Area Guide, and other relevant Federal legislation and guidelines, and also to provide consis- tency with the state's responsibility to main- tain fish and wildlife on public lands. b. Correct inadequacies in the rating system for wildlife in the present TLMP. C. Provide permanency to selected old-growth areas retained for wildlife, and provide well- defined guidelines for allocating such areas. d. Incorporate results of recently conducted research on wildlife-forest relationships. e. Include current estimates of timber available from all lands in southeast Alaska when consid- ering maintenance of employment levels in the southeast Alaska timber industry. 7. Encourage using the following practices for the dis- charge of dredged or fill material within wetland areas: a. Avoid spawning areas b. Avoid breeding and nesting areas for migratory waterfowl C. Avoid areas of concentrated shellfish pro- duction d. Do not restrict or impede the movement of aquatic species indigenous to the waters, restrict or impede the passage of normal or PD500.037 10-7 expected high flows, or cause the relocation of the waters, unless 'the primary purpose of the fill is to impound water e. Encourage the use of feasible alternatives to tidelands and wetlands dredging and filling. Air, Land, and Water Quality Policies (6 AAC 80.140) 1. Encourage that proposed uses and activities in the plan- ning area be reviewed and evaluated by the Alaska Depart- ment of Environmental Conservation for the protection of air, land, and water quality. 2. Encourage that discharged dredged or fill material con- sist of suitable material free from foreign toxic pol- lutants in other than trace quantities. 3. Encourage that impoundment water created by the dis- charge of dredged or fill material does not cause ad- verse impacts on the aquatic system by accelerating or restricting its flow. 4. Encourage that fill created by a discharge be properly maintained to prevent erosion and other non-point sources of pollution. Historic, Prehistoric, and Archaeological Resources Policies (6 AAC 080.150) 1. Encourage the preservation of historic, prehistoric, and archaeological resources to the maximum extent pos- sible. 2. Encourage the protection of historic, prehistoric, and archaeological resources to the maximum extent possible from adverse impacts caused by surrounding uses and activities. Uses of State or National Concern - Policies 1. Support the policy that uses of state or national con- cern are not arbitrarily or unreasonably excluded or restricted. CONSISTENCY RECOMMENDATION The process for making advisory consistency recommendations for proposed actions within the planning area is similar to that for actions within the district (Chapter 8). The dis- trict will routinely receive notice of the permit applica- tions and public notices shown on Table 14. Proposed actions will then be evaluated by means of the checklist (see Chap- ter 8), and the district will make an advisory consistency recommendation. The district will inform the proponent or PD500.037 10-8 Table 14 PERMIT APPLICATIONS AND PUBLIC NOTICES THE HYDABURG DISTRICT WILL RECEIVE FOR REVIEW AND POSSIBLE COMMENT PLANNING AREA Review Time Permit/Public Notice (days) Corps Sec. 10 Permit 30 Corps Sec. 404 Permit 30 Fed. Env. Impact Statement Notice 45-90 DEC/EPA Wastewater Discharge Permit 30 DNR Water Appropriations Notice 15 DNR Tidelands Lease Notice 30 DNR Minerals Leasing Notice 30 DNR Oil & Gas Leasing Notice 30 DNR Wells & Fields Listing Notice - Coast Guard Hazardous Wastes Permit - Solid Waste Management Permit 30 FERC Hydroelectric License Permit 30 DEC Air Pollution Discharge Permit 30 PD500.038 10-9 lead agency of its advisory recommendation within the same time periods allowed for district act-ions: 14 to 30 days for an action found to be consistent and 30 days for an ac tion found to be inconsistent. TheSE! time periods may be shorter if specified by the lead agency, or longer if re- quired by the district and permitted by the lead agency. PD500.037 10-10 APPENDIX A Bibliography and Glossary Appendix A BIBLIOGRAPHY Alaska, State of, Department of Community and Regional Affairs, Division of Community Planning. Alaska Coastal Management Program: District Program Guidebook Series. Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and Appendix. July 1979. Alaska, State of, Department of Health and Human Services, Indian Health Service, Alaska Area Native Health Service. Comprehensive Environmental Health Survey of Village Built Clini-cHydaburg, Alaska. Mt. Edgecumbe, Alaska. March 1981. Alaska State of, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys. Geology and Geochemistry of the Craig A-Z Quadrangle and Vicin PTI-nceof Wales Island, Southeastern Alaska. Geologic Report 48, College, Alaska. 1978. Alaska, State of, Department of Transportation and Public Facilities. Southeastern Alaska Transportation Plan. June 1980. Berg, H. C., Decker, J. E., and Abramson, B. S. Metallic Mineral Deposits of Southeastern Alaska. U.S. Geologi- cal Survey Open-File Report 81-122 (Preliminary), Menlo Park, California. 1981. Dowl Engineers, with North Pacific Aerial Surveys and Honda Graphics. Hydaburg. Under contract with the Alaska Department of Community and Regional Affairs. April. 1981. Harza Engineering Company. Black Bear Lake Project/Reynolds Creek Reconnaissance Studies. orandum to Alaska Power Authority. October 6, 1980. Harza Engineering Company and CH2M HILL NORTHWEST. Black Bear Lake Project Feasibility Report--Draft. Prepared for Alaska Power Authority. May 1981. Lemke, Richard W. and Yehle, Lynn A. Regional and Other General Factors Bearing on Evaluation of Earthquake and Other Geologic Hazards to Coastal Communities of Southeastern Alaska. U.S Department of the Interior G@i_o@logical Survey. 1972. Southeast Regional Resource Center. Hydabur_q High School Facilities Survey and Analysis. Prepared for the Hydaburg City School DisErict. February 1981. PD500.018- 1 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Tongass National Forest Land Management Plan. February 1979. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Health Services and Mental Health Administration. Annual Survey of Sanitation Facili- ties. Mt. Edgecumbe, Alaska. April 9. 1981. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Planning Support Group. Hydaburq, Alaska: Its History, Population, and EconoiT Billings, ontana. Report No. 25. July 1978. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971 and Amend- ments 1973-1979. July 1980. Vaughn, Daniel, University of Washington. Unpublished thesis (in progress). Personal Communications 01 Baxter, Dick, Haida Corporation Cook, Bruce A., Sr., City of Hydaburg Frisby, Percy, Haida Corporation Harris, Rick, Sealaska Corporation LeCornu, Adrian, City of Hydaburg Liepitz, Gary, Alaska Department of Fish and Game Matt, Vince, Sealaska Corporation Morris, John E., Sr., City of Hydaburg Osborne, Chuck, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Redburn, Doug, Alaska Department of Environmental conservation Sanderson, Robert, Haida Corporatio.n PD500.018. 2 Will GLOSSARY Hydaburg Coastal Resource District--all municipal, state, and private lands and waters within the City of Hydaburg's corporate limits (hereinafter referred to as Distri-ct"). Hydaburg Planning Area--study area extending outside of the District that includes areas of traditional and customary use and occupancy by the people of Hydaburg for subsistence, commercial, and recreational purposes, and that was estab- lished through tribal treaties. Area Meriting Special Attention (AMSA)--a designated geographic area within the coastal area that requires special management because it has outstanding value to the general public; is particularly sensitive to change; or because plans for the area or claims on its resources could preclude other uses. Issues, Goals, and Objectives--community attitudes about plan elements that the plan strives to attain through specific actions. District Policies--rules enforceable by the municipality that guide land and water uses and activities within the Coastal Resource District. Planning Area Policies--advisory guidelines for land and water management representing a formal expression of local concerns. AMSA Policies--rules enforceable by appropriate state agencies that implement the approved land and water use management plan. PD500.034 Traditional and customary--the repetition and conveyance from generation to generation of practices that become a way of life for a-given people. Subsistence--traditional and customarv uses of wild and renewable resources for direct personal or family consumption as food, fuel, shelter, clothing, tools, or transportation; for the making and selling of handicraft articles out of non-edible byproducts of wild, renewable resources taken for personal or family consumption; for barter or sharing for personal or family consumption; and for traditional and customary trade. Recreation--the social participation of the Hydaburg people in their traditional and customary activities that relates the culture with the environment and provides for the continued healthy existence of the en@;rironment and the people. Practicable Alternatives--secondary approaches consistent with sound engineering practices and rLOt causing environmental, social, or economic problems that outweigh the public and private benefit. Consistency--uses and activities that are in compliance or agreement with the management policies, and standards set forth in the coastal management plan. Great Weight--used in the context of District input to state or Federal activities within the District boundaries. The District, having "great weight," can shift the "burden of proof" that the activity is in fact consistent with the District program back to the sponsoring agency(ies). PD500.034 I I , I I I I I I I I 1 0 j I I I APPENDIX B Public Participation Program I I I G36 @@O I I Appendix B PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROGRAM Public participation has been an integral part of the Hyda- burg coastal management program. opportunities were pre- sented for community members to participate in the develop- ment of the program, to ensure that their interests and con- cerns were included. Consultation and review with local authorities, native corporations, and state and Federal agen- cies was also conducted throughout the program. In Phase I, two key elements of the coastal management pro- gram were performed by the Hydaburg Coastal Zone Management Committee and by numerous Hydaburg citizens: development of the issues, goals, and objectives; and mapping of traditional and customary natural resource uses. The CZM Committee met from the beginning of the program to define the general con- cerns of the community and to provide direction for other elements of the work. Committee members helped develop a survey that was distributed to each Hydaburg household ' to obtain residents' opinions about population growth, economic development, community facilities, and natural resource use. The results were considered by the committee in formulating the issues, goals, and objectives of the community. Traditional and customary natural resource uses were deter- mined through a series of meetings and personal interviews with numerous Hydaburg residents. Maps were distributed to individuals and small groups, who identified the resources and areas they personally use or have knowledge of. This information was used to develop the three maps included in this report. Two public meetings were also held during Phase I to explain the program, present its findings, and solicit information and opinions. In Phase II, the CZM Committee continued to meet regularly to help evaluate and direct the program. On April 6, 1982, the Committee met with the Hydaburg City Council to present its recommendations concerning the program to the Council. On May 4, 1982, a public hearing was conducted concerning the proposed ordinance 82-6, which establishes a Planning and Zoning Committee and provides the mechanism for program implementation. The ordinance has since been approved by the City Council. A detailed survey of every Hydaburg household was conducted in Phase II to tabulate the extent of traditional and custom- ary resource uses. This survey provided in-depth knowledge of the species, the locations, and the actual quantities harvested by each household. PD500.019. 1 During Phase II, eight meetings were held with all or some members of the Policy Development Group. These meetings were essential in developing management policies and imple- mentation means that would be acceptELble to the various agen- cies and land owners. Informal consultation and review with these parties also occurred throughout Phase II. Early drafts of AMSA inventories, policies, and management strate- gies were reviewed by Haida Corporation, Sealaska Corpora- tion, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of Natural Resources, Department of Fish and Game, Department of Environ- mental Conservation, Department of Community and Regional Affairs, U.S. Forest Service, and Office of Coastal Manage- ment. The members of the Coastal Zone Management Committee and the Policy Development Group are listed below. HYDABURG COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE Adrian LeCornu - Chairman Victor Burgess Percy Frisby Gerard Helgesen Thomas Morrison Donald Natkong Sandra Peele Robert Sanderson Bruce A. Cook, Sr. - ex-officio member John E. Morris, Sr. - Coastal Planning Coordinator HYDABURG POLICY DEVELOPMENT GROUP Office of Coastal Management Department of Environmental Conservation Department of Commerce & Economic Development Department of Transportation & Public Facilities Department of Fish & Game Department of Community & Regional Affairs Sealaska Corporation National Marine Fisheries Service, Errvironmental Assessment Division U.S. Forest Service U.S. Department of Defense, Army Corps of Engineers Tlingit & Haida Central Council U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Department of Natural Resources Haida Corporation Klukwan Corporation PD500.019. 2 APPENDIX C Program Procedures COASTAL REGULATIONS It is the intent of the Hydaburg Coastal Management Program to avoid creating new regulatory requirements for resource users in the coastal area. The Hydaburg program instead intends to better use the existing regulatory authorities of the state and Federal government. The program hopes to ef- fect better coordination and cooperation among the land managers, the public, and the regulatory agencies. The Alaska Coastal Management Act of 1977 (Alaska Statutes 46.40.100) requires that state agency land and water use regulations be administered consistently with local coastal management programs (within the District) that are approved by the Alaska Coastal Policy Council. The Federal Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1451 et seq.) requires that Federal agencies be consistent, to the maximum extent feasible, with approved state coastal management programs. The Hydaburg Coastal Management Program, if adopted by the Alaska Coastal Policy Council, will carry that "consistency" requirement for all future state and Federal activities (see Chapter 8 for clarification of planning authorities). The following chart lists the various state and Federal activi- ties that may occur within the coastal zone. Hydaburg will use this chart to determine regulatory authorities and re- sponsibilities within the coastal zone. Numerous laws are already available to manage coastal resources; the coastal management program simply intends to better clarify their respective applications. The coastal regulations chart lists the regulatory authori- ties by subject matter or activity. The lead agency is listed (abbreviated), as well as the legal authority. The agency responsibility column specifies if a permit, a public notice, or some other means for public review of the pro- posed action is required. Comment period refers to the legal requirement for responses to a permit or public notice. The city notification column lists whether the city will formally request notification of an activity occurring within the District, the AMSA, and/or the Planning Area. The response column indicates whether the city will respond to the notifi- cation or how the city may determine if it will or will not respond. Under notes, information is given that better ex- plains the permit, public notice, or process. The chart's primary function is to serve as a guide for persons who will implement the Hydaburg program. PD500.014 Coastal Regulations (State & Federal) Lead Legal Agency Responsibility Comment City City Activity or Area of Concern Agency Authority PERMIT 'PUBLIC REVIEW Period Notification Response? Notes: OR NOTICE (IF APPLICABLE) STRUCTURES & WORK Corps of 33 CFR 323 Sec 10 Yes 30 day District/AMSA Use Checklist Includes pilings, dolphins, jetties, harbors, floats, etc. Almost all IN WATERWAYS Engineers activities in any waterway will require this permit. Will also require a 401 certification. DISCHARGE DREDGE OR FILL Corps of 33 CFR 323 Sec 404 Yes 30 day District/AMSA Use Checklist Most large waterfront projects will require this permit, as well as water MATERIALS IN WATERWAYS, Engineers impoundments, road crossings of wetlands, etc. WETLANDS,MUSKEGS Will also require a 401 certification. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT Fed.Agency 40 CFR 1500 Not Draft & Draft 45tdays Yes Dependsl Any project within Planning Area STATEMENT (Federal) sponsoring or (NEPA) necessarily Final documents Final 30 days on proje@t requiring an EIS is considered "major" and significant. permitting available activity for public review WASTEWATER DISCHARGE EPA 40 CFR 125 NPDES Yes 30 day District/AMSA Use Checlk, list NPDES (National Pollution INTO WATERWAYS Discharge Elimination System. � Wastewater disposal DEC AS 46.03.100 Wastewater Yes 30 day District/AMSA Permit often combined with NPDES. disposal permit (local paper) � Sewage Plant discharge DEC AS 46.03.100 Wastewater Yes Usually applied for as NPOES permit. disposal permit (local paper) � Federal activity certification DEC 18 AAC 15.180 401 certification 30 day District Use Chec list Any federal activity involved with water activities requires a "401 certificate of reasonable assurance" that water quality will be protected. MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY � Drinking water standards DEC AS 46.03.020 Monitoring On-going Yes-whenever Yes Monitoring program by city and DEC program standards are necessary to maintain water by DEC & city exceeded quality in watershed � Source Protection DEC 18 AAC 80.020 Through Yes-any Yes Law is means to protect monitoring occurrence municipal water supply watershed program in watershed 6 Source Protection city AS 29.48.037 City can adopt ordinance to protect I water source outside city, Maintainance of Forest 36 CFR 251.9 No Probably ? Yes Yes Provision for city and Forest Service to Municipal Watershed Service develop a mgmt plan for Forest Service lands in municipal watershed. WATER APPROPRIATIONS DNR AS 46.15.020 Yes Yes 15-20 days District/AMSA Use Chec (list Major appropriation requests Usually No in Planning Area may require city review Temporary Water Use DNR 11 AAC 93.210 Some Yes ? 15 days District/AMSA ? Would usually reflect other permits TIDELANDS LEASE DNR AAC 62.720 Yes Yes(?) 30 day District/AMSA Yes Major leases in Planning Area may warrant comments also. City to request DNR to use Plan document in considering leases. � Protection of Fish & Game DNR 62.030 No No No District/AMSA ? Requires DNR to get letter from ADFG evaluating impacts to fish and game. � Protection of Fish & Game ADFG AS 16.05.870 No No No District/AMSA ? Enforcement provision for ADFG to protect fish & game. Enforcement includes all activities, not just tidelands leases. 9 Protest Lease Applications DNR 11 AAC 62.130 No No 30 days ? Provides that anyone can protest a lease. from P.N. Must justify rationale for protest. T Cl-12MINHILL Coastal Regulations (State & Federal) Lead Legal Agency Responsibility Comment City City PAGE 2 Activity or Area of Concern Agency Authority PERMIT PUBLIC REVIEW Period Notif ication Respo4e? Notes: OR NOTICE (IF APPLICABLE) EASEMENT TO/ALONG DNR 11 AAC 53.330 ? ? ? District/AMSA ? Easements often for private PUBLIC WATERS purposes may affect traditional access SALMON SPAWNING STREAMS & ADFG AS 16.05.257 No No District/AMSA Enforcement provision to protect WATERS INTERFERENCE 16.10.010 Planning Area streams from diversion, pollution, obstruction etc. PROTECTION OF FISH & GAME ADFG AS 16.05.870 No No No District/AMSA Any work in public waterways requires notification Planning Area of ADFG. Can use as enforcement mechanism. PROTECTION OF CRITICAL ADFG 5 AAC 95.050 No No No State charge for agency to maintain & HABITAT AREAS protect critical habitats. EAGLE PROTECTION USFWS 16 USC 668(A-C) Depends No No Eagles & their habitat are stringently protected under this act. Any activity within 330' of nests needs consultation w/USFWS FOREST PRACTICES e Cutting Notification DNR 11 AAC 95.030 No No District/AMSA Use Checklist Harvester must notify DNR 30 days prior to cutting. DNR reviews for standards of Forest Practices Act. No public involvement usually. * Inspections DNR 1 AAC 95.040 No No No District/AMSA Use Chec (list, DNR can inspect operations any time. Usually give 5 day notice prior to site visit. * Road Construction Practices DNR 11 AAC 95.110 No No Stipulates design criteria for road work to protect habitat, soils, run-off, etc. 9 Stream Alteration and Protection DNR AS 16.05.840 - ADFG must approve prior to any alteration/ AS 16.05.870 modification of state waters 9 Harvesting Standards DNR 11 AAC 95:120 - Erosion protection, water quality, debris removal from streams. 9 Clean up & Stabilization DNR 11 AAC 95.130 - Clean-up & soil stabilization standards. 9 Aesthetics DNR 95.140 - Aesthetics protection 9 Log Transfer & DNR 95.150 Criteria & recommendations for siting & use. Storage Facilities 9 Slash Removal DNR .160 Standards for removal of slash * Reforestation DNR .170 Standards for reforestation. MINERALS EXPLORATION Forest Serv. 36 CFR 252 Yes ? District/AMSA Use Chec list Major proposals for Planning Area & DEVELOPMENT (For.Serv.Land) presumably fall under NEPA EIS requirement. � State Mineral Leasing DNR AS 38.05.345 Yes District/AMSA Use Che@ 'klist Would include all state waterways � Oil & Gas Leasing DNR AS 38.05.020 Yes Yes 30 days(?) District/AMSA Use Chec klist Permit application becomes Public I IN Fe for comment. � Wells & "Fields" Listings DNR 20 AAC 25.545 Yes City can get on mailing list for all notices of Oil & Gas Conservation Commission. � Pipeline Right-of-way Leases DNR 11 AAC 80.005 District/AMSA ? R.O.W. requests for state lands (includes streams, other bodies of water). 9 Oil Spill Prevention Control EPA 40 CFR 112.3 Requires District/AMSA Application to EPA for facilities that SPCC Plan could spill oil into waterways. Needs Spill Prevention Control & Counter-measure Plan. (SPCC) Cl-12MUHILL coastal Regulations (State & Federal) Lead Legal Agency Responsibility Comment City City PAGE 3 Activity or Area of Concern Agency Authority PERMIT PUBLIC REVIEW Period Notification Respon e? Notes: OR NOTICE (IF APPLICABLE) i STORAGE & VESSEL HANDLING U.S. Coast 33 CFR 126 General Permit No District/AMSA If in distric' yes. Facilities need permit; vessels only OF HAZARDOUS WASTES Guard for Facilities Otherwise use require review. checklist. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT DEC 18 AAC 60.020 Yes Yes 30 days District/AMSA If so musl be Permit for disposal of anything more than a in writing duplex, dorm, or small incinerator @200 lbs/hr). Also for landfill modification or move. DAMS & DIKES ON Corps of 33 CFR 321 Permit to Yes(?) ? District/AMSA Use Chec 1ist Often will tie into Sec 404 permit, requir- WATERWAYS Engineers construct ing Public Notice and review. HYDROELECTRIC LICENSE FERC 18 CFR 1-149 Yes Yes 30 days District/AMSA/ Use Chec @list Permit needed for any facility that would Planning Area generate hydroelectric energy. FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT Corpsof Engineer E.O. 11988 Planning District Yes Corps maps & comments on floodplain alterations Disaster Protection SBA P.L.93.234 District Assistance available for flood hazards from Small Bus. Admin. AIR QUALITY Pollution Emissions DEC 18 AAC 50.300 Yes Can be 30 days District Yes Public hearing to review application can be 18 AAC 50.4 00 requested requested. I SUBDIVISION PLAN REVIEW DEC 18 AAC 72.065 No By request ? District/AMSA/ Use Che4list Any subdivision of 5 lots or more without municipal sewer & water Planning Area requires a complete plan review by DEC. TRADITIONAL & CUSTOMARY RESO-URCE USE � Protection of Use Federal Land 16 USC 3120 - AMSA/Planning Provisions for protection of such uses on on Federal Lands Manager Area Federal lands. (ANILCA) � Protection of Access Federal Land 16 USC 3121 - AMSA/Planning Provisions for protecting acce@s to Federal to Federal Lands Manager Area lands for traditional and customarty uses. (ANILCA) � Cooperative Agreements Department of 16 USC 3119 - Yes AMSA/Planning Secty. of Dept. of Interior can enter into I nterior Area cooperative agreements to maintain & protect traditional and customary uses. (ANILCA) � Local Advisory Council Board of Fish 16 USC 315 - Yes AMSA/Planning Yes Local Advisory Council can make recommendations Board of Game Area for fish & game rulemaking/policy to Regional Advisory Council, which could go to Boards. "Best link to fish& game mgmt." (ANILCA) a Hunting Regs. to ADFG 16 AAC 05.257 AMSA/Planning Yes Can petition Board of Game for subsistence. protect subsistence Area protection � Priority for subsistence Federal Land 16 USC 3114 AMSA/Planning Yes Provisions which give traditional & customary Manager Area use (non-wasteful) priority over all other fish and games uses on Federal lands. (ANILCA) CH2M HILL CITY OF HYDABURG, ALASKA A RESOLUTION ENACTING CONCEPT APPROVAL OF THE HYDABURG COASTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM Be it enacted by the Council of the City of Hydaburg that: Whereas, AS 46.40.030 states that coastal resource districts shall develop and adopt district coastal management programs in accordance with the provisions of the Alaska Coastal Man- agement Act and the Alaska Coastal Management Program, Guide- lines and Standards, and Whereas, a comprehensive Coastal Management Program has been developed which recognizes that: 1) the coastal area of the City of Hydaburg is a distinct and valuable natural resource of concern to the people of Hydaburg; 2) the demands upon @he resources of the coastal area are significant and will increase in the future; 3) the protection of the natural, cultural and scenic resources and the fostering of wise devel- opment of the coastal area is essential, and Whereas, the Hydaburg Coastal Management Program avoids the creation of new regulatory structures wherever possible, relying instead upon existing Federal, state and local auth- orities to implement the provisions of the Act. Now, therefore, be it enacted by the Hydaburg City Council that the Hydaburg Coastal Management Program be concept ap- proved and forwarded to the Alaska Coastal Policy Council and Office of Coastal Management for adoption by the State of Alaska. Upon acceptance by the State of Alaska, the City of Hydaburg intends to adopt the Hydaburg Coastal Management Program by ordinance within 90 days pursuant to 6 AAC 85.120(f). Passed and approved by the Hydaburg City Council this 4th day of January, 1983. Bruce A. Cook, Sr. Mayor PD500.015 COASTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM AMENDMENTS There are two types of amendment that can be made to a dis- trict program: significant and nonsignificant. The criteria for distinguishing between the two amendment types is set forth in 6 AAC 80.900(23). The district makes the recommen- dation to the Alaska Coastal Policy Council (ACPC) as to whether an amendment is significant or not. The district can contact the Office of Coastal Management (OCM) if it needs assistance in making this recommendation. Once the recommendation is made, it can be reviewed by ACPC upon a legitimate request by an affected party. Nonsignificant amendments are considered matters of routine program implementation, as set forth in 6 AAC 85.120(c). ACPC approval is not required for these amendments. After the district decides an amendment is nonsignificant, it should announce its findings by means of a public notice that also describes the amendment itself. All such notices and proposed amendments should routinely be sent to OCM. OCM will ensure that the ACPC and appropriate state and Fed- eral agencies are notified. Amendments determined by the district to be matters of routine program implementation need not be delayed pending submittal to OCM, but may taken effect immediately upon formal adoption by the district. Significant amendments must have ACPC approval before they have the effect of state law. The procedure for ACPC ap- proval is the same as for the original program (6 AAC 85.120-160). Districts should prepare findings and conclu- sions as to the consistency of the amendment with the appli- cable Alaska Coastal Management Program (ACMP) guidelines and/or standards, and with the unamended portion of the dis- trict program itself. It should be remembered that AS 46.40.100 requires districts to act consistently with their own programs, and that an amendment to the program would fall under this requirement. It is important to note that both nonsignificant and sig- nificant amendments take effect under Title 29 powers as soon as they are formally adopted by the district. Nonsig- nificant amendments also take effect under ACMP law upon district adoption. However, significant amendments take effect under ACMP law only upon ACPC approval. PD500.015 I I I I I I I I I I 1 0 I I I APPENDIX D Housing Survey I I I G;d @@ I I City of Hydaburg Box 49 Hydaburg, Alaska 99922 (907) 285-3761 HYDABURG COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT PLAN HCUSING SURVEY A. Type of Structure 1. Wood Frame 2. Modular 3. Mobile Home B. General Condition @D 1. Plumbing 2. Skirting 3. Energy Efficiency A. Insulation B. Heat System C. Windows D. Doors 4. Structural Soundness 5. Safety Condition A. Fire B. Heal@th C. Access - Exits, walkways and handrails 6. Roof Type and Condition 7. Electrical System C. Priority Needs of Structure - for surveyor KEY S - Single family residence M - Multiple family residence G - Good F - Fair P - Poor WS- wood shingle AS- Asphalt shingle ISH- Wood shake KYDA.'IURG HOUSING SURVEY I= S YPE al- ST119-Tr-TURM G @ ME 1 -1 L CO I I a' N Z L. 1k)cd Frw..,e Modilar S!%@ F'T@erq:,@, strai. safe lect. -roof skirt Phrab Priorty PF-ting Mobile Hare WS Ta -ir Skirting Sewer L . Wood Frame S F G P F G lNone "Ili-fal Sewer Extension Hookup WS I P Unoccupied Sewer skirt foundation-Sewer 2. Wood Frame S P F P P I P None 'z'UQ+-Pm hookula P PRor 3. Mobile Home S P P P Tin lNone Sewer CONDEMNATION Fair Skirting, sewer hook- 4. Wood Frame s F F P F None Sewer up, set-back road 3. Mobile Home S A B A N D N E A A N 0 N EID CONDEMNATION 5. Mobile Home S A B N D 1) N E D A A N D 0 N Ej D CONDEMNATION 7. Wood Frame S A B N D 1) N E A A N 0 N EID CONDEMNATION S G G WS Fewer Sewer system hookup 3. Wood Frame P G G G is WS F Insulation, skirting Wood Frame S p F F P F P ISewer sewer hookup, electric Wood Frame S A B N D N E A A N 0 N El D CONDEMNATION Wood Frame s G G G G Tin G G None Wood Frame S G G F G WSG IG G None WS Electric, 2nd entrance Wood Frame S P F P P G G G insulation, foundation WS" Wood Frame S G G G G G G G None Wood Frame S G G P G WSG G None iAS T_ Wood Frame S G G F G G G G 2cd entrance Insulation, porch & Wood Frame S P G G JWSG G G step handrails AS Electric service S F F F I P P IG F New roof Wood Frame WS J. Wood Frame S_ G F G G G G G South wallr porch Wood Frame S A B N D P N E D A B A N 0 N El D Conctpemrta-Uon -1";YJjA,9JIDG HOUSIT.G SURVEY YPE OF SSTIRUCTUIIL@ C-CNDILTION NTLEDS Modular al@ P-norl4y st-ru. safe @lcct. skirt phrab Priorty -Rating Mobile Ha..-.e F Needs sewer hookup, wood Frame S G G F F G G Sewer electric service entry wood Frame S G G G WSG Need complete skirting WS Needs handrail and wood Frame S G G F G G G G back steps. Wood Frame S G G F G Tin G G Need 2cd entrance WS Wood Frame S G G F G G F G Siding & skirting AS Modular S G G G G G 2cd entrance AS Modular S G G F G G G G 2cd entrance As Modular S G G F G G G G 2cd entrance AS Modular S G G F G G G G 2cd entrance AS Modular S G G F G G G G 2cd entrance AS Modular S G G F G G G G 2cd entrance AS Modular S G G F G G G G 2cd entrance AS 2cd entrance Modular S G G F G G G G window replacement Modular S G G F G A G G 2cd entrance A Modular S G G F G SG G G 2cd entrance AS Modular S G G F G G G 2cd entrance AS G G Modular S G G F G G 2cd entrance I I AS 2cd entrance; windows Wood Frame S I F G F G G G powerdrop from pole AS Wood Frame S G G F G G G G 2cd entrance WS insulation,storm. window,@ Wood Frame S F F G G G G handrail on steps;sidinc r:fj FYI-AnTIRG HOUSING SU2,,VEY 7.LrPE OF STITUC-7UR-7 Q=R@ C01-1,71JITION' \=S Wjod Fr3r,.,,e Modular i-neYT4-v1 sl=--i safe @lect.jroof skirt phrab Priorty Rp-ting Mobile Ha-.-.e WS siding L. Wood Frame S F G G F G G G powerdrop from pole AS 2. Modular G G F G G G G 2cd entrance AS 3. Modular S G G F G 2cd entrance 1. Modular S G G F G AS G G G 2cd entrance Tin 3. Mobile S P F P F G P P CONDEMNA@ION T Wood Frame S G G G G G None I - --powerdrup 7. Wood Frame S P G P P G P G skirting; handrails; 2cd entr. weatherhead Tin 3. Wood Frame S G G G G G G G None Wood Frame F G @Tin insulation, new roof, S G G WS F G G siding WS Wood Frame S G LG G G G G G None i WS Need sewer hookup;wea- Wood Frame S 1@ I G G P G F P therhead raised; skirt Mobile Home S F G G P TinG G G Proper powerdrop Tin Elec. Entr. conduit Mobile Home S F F P P F P G fix skirt. 2 ent. porch Tin P-bDct. entr, conduit.porci Mobile Home S F F P P F G G 2 entr.prop chaib@ bottle Tin hand rail on back porch Wood Frame S G G F F G-1 G G powerdrop to low AS hand rail on porch, 2cd Wood Frame M G G P F G G G entr. weatherheads rise AS Wood Frame S G G G G G G G None Wood Frame S P G G G WSP G G Insulation, new roof WS Wood Frame S G G G F G G G Weatherhead raised Wood Frame S A B N D N E E A BA N D 0 N E @ONDEMNATION FLYD.-MIURIG HOUSiNG SURVEY NPE OF STIMMERT' GaT`@ZE CONDITI(IN N=. S L. Wjod F=..,,e 2. Nodular 2@: Pnel:9YI stra. saf(---, t. roof skirt pluxb Priorty Pzting 3. Mobile ilam WS 1. Wood Frame S G G I G G G G G None Tin 2. Wood Frame S G G G G I G G G None WS 3. Wood Frame S P G G G G G G Insulation ! WS Hand rails 4. Wood Frame S G G F G G G G Entrance steps WS Insulation,addition 5. Wood Frame S F F G F G G G rooten, weatherhead ris AS 2cd entrance 6. Wood Frame S G G F G G F G finish skirting Tin 7. Wood Frame S G G F G F G G 2cd entrance, new roof I P Tin N.P B., Mobile Home S P F P - F ne P CONDEMNATION wsh Insulation, siding 9* Wood Frame S F G G G G G F new water&waste system WS Insulation,2 entr. wea- 0. Wood Frame S P G F P F F G therhead, ele. enty'. -E994 Eepai:E, skirt r-ep WS Weather 1 . Wood Frame S G G F F G G G 2cd entr. rise head Tin 2. Wood Frame S G G G G G G G None F I WS Insulation,elect. entr 3. Wood Frame S F G G P G G F water system Tin Wood Frame S G G P G G G G 2cd entrance Tin None Plumbing,insulated 5. Wood Frame S F G G G G P F skirting, floor insul. Tin lNone skirting, plumbing 16. Wood Frame M G G G G_@ G P F insulated I Tin INone weatherhead entr.skirt 17. Wood Frame M G G G F G P F plumbing, insulated WS Insulation, 2 entr.wir;. 18. P G F P G G G drop from pole WH-rewi- Wood Frame S I Tin 19. Wood Frame S G G G G G G G None WS G G F F G G G Raised weatherhead Wood Frame S saf T,--j--ct- A A# @.7,-Y-DA3URG HOUSING SURVEY C_7 OF SMWCWMR-@ T.E*R@ CONMITIa@ @X)od Fra*-.*,e modular 1c; 21 -r-@-21 stru., safe lect. --oof skirt pltrab Priorty RP-ting Mobile 14a,.e I I I I P I I , i I WS elec entr. water & wasi Wood Frame S G P G G P plumb. insul. 2 entr. WS Insulation, elec. entr. Wood Frame S P G G P G F G skirting fixed WS G G None Wood Frame S G G G I G G Wood Frame S G G G G WS G G None WS Insulation, siding Wood Frame S P F G G G P G pile caps, skirting WS Wood Frame S P P F G P G F CONDEMNATION Wood Frame S G G G AS None G G G G WS weather Wood Frame S P G G F G G G Insulation, head Wood Frame S A B A N D N E A B@A N DIO N E CONDEMNATION WS Insulation wood Frame S P G. G G G G Weatherhead I WS Wood Frame S G G G G G G G None Wood Frame S AB A N D N E A BIA ND 0 N E CONDEMNATION WS Wood Frame S G G F G G G G 2cd entrance 1WS rails on step, 2 entr. wood Frame S P G P P j G G G insul. WH entrance S G G G G WS G G G None Wood Frame AS Wood Frame s G G F G G G G 2cd entrance Wood Frame S G G F G @ASG G G 2cd entrance AS Wood Frame G G G G G G G None AS Wood Frame S G G F G G G G 2cd entrance AS Wood Frame S G G F 1 G G G G 2cd entrance 7srt 7E)itrlb HYDA.5URG HOUSI7.7G SURZVEY =E OF, S=Clru,-P-@, C-:aT1-,RU COTIDITI(YIN, =S vkx)d --Wrx.@e 2. Modular &Y, e-re;r9yi S Safe -t. roof skirt P11rab Priorty Rat-ing 3. Hol-Ale Ham- AS 101. Wood Frame S G G F G G G G 2cd entrance 102* Wood Frame S G G G G G G G None 103. Wood Frame S G G F G G G G 2cd entrance 104. Wood Frame S G G G G G None 105, Wood Frame S G G F G G G G None 106. Wood Frame S G G G G G G G None 107. Wood Frame S G G F G G G G 2cd entrance WSH None 108. Wood Frame S G G G G P G Skirting None WSH None None electrical, skirting 109. Log S G G G P G P P plumbing WS 110. Wood Frame S G G G G G G G None AS T- 111. Wood Frame S G G G G G G G None AS 112. Wood Frame S G G GT, G G G G None AS 113. Wood Frame S G G G G G G G None AS 114. Wood Frame S G G G G G G None AS 115. Wood Frame S F G G G G G Window replacement 116. Wood Frame S G G G G G G G None AS 117. Wood Frame S G G G G G G G None AS 118. Wood Frame S G G G G G G None --4 AS 1119* Wood Frame S G G F G G G G 2cd entrance AS 120. Modular M G G G G F G F Roof repair -r,YI-)A.'VJTZCS HOUSING SU_'=Y i7Y'PI:' OF STIPUCTUR-7 _2'1EIRAL !ON @TCMS ,Lod Fra@.,,e M -@jlar IS: en s1drt plimb od orcIS4-.. s _-Fe @lect @_--oof Priort- Rating Nobi'le H-mia Tin 21. Wood Frame 5 i G G G G G G G None Tin 22. Mobile S G G G G G None Tin 23. Mobile S G G G G G G G None Tin 24. Mobile S G G G G G None Tin elect. entr. skirting @5. Mobile S F G P G P P sewer&water hookup ITin skirting, sewer @6. Mobile S F F G G F P P hookup 2cd entr. rewire, insu- WS 17. Wood Frame S_ F G G G late walls, new water system. G G I I I I I I I I I I I a I I I APPENDIX E Historical I Information I I Ggt @@ I , 1, ADDITIONAL HISTORICAL/CULTURAL BACKGROUND At the time of the first Haida contact with Europeans, when Spanish explorer Juan Perez explored the area in 1774, HAIDA COUNTRY was, and is, defined as follows: The Northwest corner lies (56'N,134050'W) to the north and west of the Hazy Islands. The Northern boundary follows the 560N meridian to a point at 1330581W, con- tinues to the east of Warren Island and southward down the middle of Warren Channel to a point (550501N, 1330501W) west and south of Whale Head Island, turns eastward to a point in Sea Otter Sound (550501N, 1330301W), then north to a point 550551N, 133*201W) north of Tuxekan Island, then southward along the east and south coasts of Tuxekan Island, then west to Chuck Island, then southwestward to a point (550401N, 1330351W) south of Hecta Island, turning to the south- east and crossing the Gulf of Esquibel to a point (550351N, 1330301 W) north of San Fernando Island, then eastward to the middle of the Klawock River, then north- eastward to the east coast of Prince of Wales Island to Marrow Point and continuing to a mid-point in Clarence Straits between Prince of Wales Island and Meyers Chuck, then southward down the middle of Clarence Straits, crossing Dixon Entrance to the mid-point be- tween Rose Spit and Dundas Island, continuing southward through Hecate Straits to the mid-point between Cumshewa Head and Bonila Island then on southward to the mid-point between Cape St. James and the Goose Group, then west to the Abysmal Deep, then north (paralleling the west coast of the Queen Charlotte Islands) following the Abysmal Deep across Dixon Entrance, passing to the west of Forrester Island and ending at a point (56*N, 1341501W) north and west of Hazy Islands. The northern boundary of HAIDA COUNTRY was established by treaty between the Kaigani Haida and the Klawock Tlingit. Despite this fact, the Hydaburg CZM plan has identified its northern management boundary to be at Meares Passage. The primary reason for selecting Meares Passage as the northern management boundary is environmental; the tides to the north of Meares Passage flood and ebb 30 minutes earlier than the tides south of the pass. Because most Haida artifacts were made from wood, which de- teriorated rapidly in the wet climate, archaeologists have had a difficult time in locating and dating ancient Alaska Haida village sites. The earliest known sites are on the southern end of Dall and Prince of Wales Islands. Because a primary staple in the Haida diet is salmon, village and camp PD500.044 1 sites were located in areas readily accessible to salmon streams. Because the people did not want to disturb the streams, these villages were almost never located at the streams. The most highly valued streams are those in which sockeye salmon spawn. There are some 20 known sockeye producing streams located on the southern end of Prince of Wales Island. Seven of them are recognized by Haida and neighboring tribes as belonging to particular Haida clans and are, more specifically, owned by the heads of each of these clans. For centuries, HAIDA COUNTRY provided the people with an abundant food supply that occasionally dwindled because of natural factors, but never from overuse or misuse by Haida. Haida believe in a single Creator and a single Creation; therefore, all things are related and one must always treat one's relatives with respect. This is manifested in the way the Haida relates to the environment. For example, recrea- tion, rather than being an individualized activity, always involves a group of people going together to gather food. All things in nature are seasonal; for example, during the summer months Haida take salmon but do not take shellfish. When the salmon runs are over, then shellfish are taken. During late summer, the berries are ripe and deer are taken. Regardless of which food or which time of the year the acti- vity occurs, it always involves group activity. Today, as in the past, the coastal resources play a vital role in Haida cultural and personal identity. The resources are relatives who must be treated with reverence and re- spect. Although the indoctrination of Haida youth by the white world continues and has not lessened in intensity, Haidas have never relinquished their special relationship to HAIDA COUNTRY, nor their reverence and respect for its resources. PD500.044 2 HOUSE REPORT 51st Congress 1st Session 1890 June 14 REPORT #2450 (7p) TOWN SITES IN ALASKA (to accompany S. 1859) p.5 (After discussing the pacifying and beneficial effects of the missionaries in a lawless land) "Dahl Island, being about 2 miles wide and perhaps 40 miles long, and Long Island, being about 2 miles wide and 10 miles long, are occupied by what is known as the Hydah tribe of Indians. These islands possess unusual facilities for supplying the natives with canoe timber, upon which this tribe has depended for many years, and to such a degree of perfection have they attained in their manufacture, that they have a wide reputation among the white and native people of southeastern Alaska for their sea-going qualities. on these islands different varieties of game exist, and there are innumerable streams in which fish abound in large num- bers and upon which these natives have entirely depended for their food and fish supply for generations. The location of these islands being almost at the lower extremity of Alaska, immediately bordering British Columbia, and of such close proximity thereto that the natives trespass upon these grounds for the purpose of obtaining fish and canoe timber, thus depriving the natives in the United States Territory of supplies that should of right be reserved for their use. We therefore recommend that these two islands be' reserved for these natives subject to such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the Secretary of the Interior." (pp.5-6) PD500.039. 1 It is here ordered that the following- land and water surfaces within the Tongass National Forest, surrounding- the village of Hydaburg in Alaska, be, and the same are hereby reserved, subject to any vested rights for use of the Yydah tribe of Indians and Such Of the natiVeS of Alaska as may settle within the limits of tile reservation, viz: Beginning at a large rock situated at the line of high tide and a few feet north of the saw-mill in the village of Hvdaburg on the west coast of. Prince of Wales Island, at approximately 55 12 N. latitude and 132 48' W. longitude, and at a cross chiseled on said rock, and running thence East 14o chains to a point for the middle of the east boundary of the res- ervation ; thence North 140 chains to a point for the NN E. corner;. thence West 379.6o chains on lan'd' and the water of Sukkwan Strait to a point for the NW. corner; thence South 280 chains on said Strait and on land, to a point for the SW. corner; thence East-280 chains on said Strait and on land to for the ST., corner; thence North on the east boundary 140 chains to a point east of the place of beginning. including a tract 12.24 square miles (7,833.6 acres),with all islands and parts of islands within said boundary. as represented upon a diagram accompanying this order and made a part hereof. THE WHITE HOUSE . WM H TAFT June 19, 19 12, [No. 1555.] n r. %;) r- m vs-% o i u ri FOR THE USE Of HYDAH,.TRIBE OF INDIANS AND OTHER NATIVES OF ALAS KA, AS MAY SETTLE THEREON ALASKA Toial area 12.24@5%Mlles or 7,833.6 Acres 132' 48' c% Sulzer insc. chi. 0 .1 ch A r--- -hr s u K K A N dcunda7 o7 Re7erva7an DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR .BUREAU OF EDUCATION P.P. Claxton, Commi5sioner Hydaburg, Alaska Dec. 12, 1913 To the Honorable The Secretary of Agriculture Washington D.C. Sir; We, the residents of Hydaburg Alaska have this night met in mass meeting to consider conditions at Forrester Island and to forward you a plain statement of our affairs there. From time immemorial our people have held a sort of religious reverence for Forrester Island, for our fathers have taught us to always speak of the Island as 'Grandfather'. Today any Hydah person speaking our native tongue calls the Island 'Grandfather'. What Mecca is to the Mohammedans that Forrester has been to our early people. It has been our yearly custom to spend the early part of each summer on the Island, and during all these past years each family has had its own camping ground. For a few years just before the king salmon fishing began we had dropped off making as many regular trips as formerly because we had chances to work at the cannery camps. It was one of our towns people who first showed the king salmon fishing at Forrester to white men and that year we began to rebuild our camps on the land handed down to us from our fathers. It was the second year of our recent fishing that your represen- tative, Mr. Cooper, came to the Island to take care of the birds. At that time Luke had his home on his own ground in a good dry place. The second year of Mr. Cooper's appointment to Forrester he reached the Island before Mr. Frank. Without having consulted Mr. Frank at all, though he had a chance, for he saw him at Hydaburg, he tore down his house and used the material for his own home, on the ground claimed and occupied by Mr. Frank. He also staked off all the good camp- ing ground around the house which he built for the Norwegian fishermen whom he expected would be on the Island that summer. When our people came to the Island to fish, though only a few Norwegians were there, we were not allowed to have the camping ground that our fathers had given us, and that we ourselves had always used, but were sent to a section that was not fit for hogs. Mr. Cooper also refused to allow any of us to fish unless we first paid him $1.50 for a permit. He refused our people the right to fish with power boats but afterward the permits were given to Norwegians. It is therefore very plain that Mr. Cooper is prejudiced against us and we humbly ask you to send another man in his place next year. PD500.039. 2 10 We also beg you to allow us the same camping ground which we have always counted as ours. In the use of power boats we see that trouble is sure to follow if things go on as they were last year. It was under- stood by all the fishermen that power boats should troll at least a 1000 yards from shore. But no one has had any author- ity to make them do it, so time and again they came in close to shore getting their lines caught with ours. On different occasions they have cut our lines causing us no end of trouble. It seems only fair to us, that since the king salmon fishing lasts but a limited time that we all should have the same chance to catch the fish and to sell our catch. But the power boats when they see a fish buyer coming, go away out in the ocean and deliver their fish while at different times ours have gone to waste. We therefore also beg you to limit the trolling at Forrester to hand trollers alone and thus avoid the trouble which we see ahead, as well as make a square deal for all the fisher- men. Trusting you will see fit to grant our requests we beg to be Respectfully yours Committee in behalf of the Hydah Fishermen signed by Alex Peel Luke Frank Chas. Hawkesworth PD500.039. 3 Executive Order Alaska Executive orders of June 19, 1912, and April 21, 1914, No. 1555 and 1920, respectively, reserving certain areas within the Tongass National Forest, Alaska, in and around the villages of Hydaburg and Klawak for use by natives of Alaska, are hereby revoked except as to the tract of land lying within the following described boundries: Hydaburg School Reservation No. 1. Beginning at Corner No. 1 in approxi- mate latitude 55* 12' N., longitude 132* 48' W., a spruce post 4 feet high set in ground and a mound of stones at high tide line and scribed U.S.P.S. Cor. 1, from which Forest Service monument located at mean high tide line on Sakkwan Strait at the town of Hydaburg on Prince of Wales Island bears N. 25* W. 237.50 feet; thence N. 50* E. 83.20 feet to Corner No. 2, at edge of sidewalk at west side of Front Street; thence S. 26* E. 155 feet to Corner No. 3; thence S. 64* W. 85.80 feet to Corner No. 4 at the level of high water on Sukkwan Strait; thence mean- dering the mean high water line of said Strait N. 31* W. 66 feet and N. 15* W. 70.60 feet to Corner No. 1, the place of beginning, containing 0.29 of an acre, more or less; Hydaburg School Reservation No. 2. Beginning at Corner No. 1 in approxi- mate latitude 55* 12' N., longitude 132* 28' W., a hemlock post 3 inches squeare and 3 feet high set in ground and marked U.S.P.S. Cor. 1, from which F.S.M. on Sukkwan Strait beach at high tide line bears N. 26* W. 685 feet and from which the southwesterly corner of lot 2 of Hydraburg townsite bears N. 26* W. approximately 60 feet; thence N. 64* E. 225 fet to Corner No. 2; thence S. 20* E. 448 feet more or less to Corner No. 3 on the north bank of creek, N. 47*W.132 feet and S.67 1/2* W., approx- imately 182 feet to corner No. 4 on the bank of creek at bridge aabutment; thence N. 26* W. approximately 311.50 feet to Corner No. 1, the place of beginning containing 1.46 acres, more or less; Bayview School Reservation. Beginning at Corner No. 1 at the southeast corner of the old school survey, in the town of Bayview located on Klawak Inlet on west coast of Prince of Wales Island, & hemlock post 5 inches square and 2 feet high set in ground at edge of street line and scribed U.S.P.S. Cor. 1; thence N. 20* E. 400 feet to Corner No. 2; thence N. 70* E. 140 feet to Corner No. 3; thence S. 20* W. 240 feet to Corner No. 4; thence N. 70* W. 15 feet to Corner No. 5; thence S. 20* W. 160 feet to corner No. 6; thence S. 70*E. 140 feet to Corner No. 1, the place of beginning, containing 1.20 acres, more or less. The areas released from such reservations are hereby restored to their former national forest status. CALVIN COOLIDGE THE WHITE HOUSE, April 17, 1926. [No. 4421] Erccutive Order TONCASS NATIONAL FOREST ALASKA Under authority of the act of Congress approved June 4, 1897 (30 Stat.,11, 34-36), and on the recommendation of the Secretary of Agriculture, it is hereby ordered that the tracts of land, in Alaska, lying within the following described boundaries, in and surrounding the native villages of Angoon, Hoonah, Hydaburg, Kake, Kasaan, Klawak and Yakutat, behind the same are hereby excluded from the Tongass National Forest: Angoon Beginning at corner No. 1 St.C. a whatle jawbone 3 1/2 feet long by 6 inches in diameter scribed LMC AELIM, placed on end in a crevice of bed rock and surrounded by a mound of stone, located at the line of mean high tide on the southwest shore of Kootznahoo Inlet, Admiralty Island, approximately in longitude of 134 35' W.,latitude 57 30; X, thence following the line of mean high tide of said inlet to corner No 2 m c.; thence due west 18,12 chains to corner No. 3 MC; thence by meander at line of mean high tide along shores of Chatham Straits to corner No. 4 MC; thence due east 9.39 chains to corner No.5, not set; thence due north 27.21 chains to corner No. 1 MC, the place of beginning, containing approximately 52.58 acres: Hoonah: Beginning at corner No. 1 and meander corner of this survey a rock outcrop situated at mean high tide line on easterly shore of Port Frederick, Chickagoff Island, and on left band of small creeks, showing 4x10x2 feet above ground marked with a cross(x) on top face and 1 HEMC southwest of cross; thence following the mean high tide line of Port Frederick approximately 130.09 chains to corner No.2 119.37 chains to corner No.4; thence S 51 00'W.,10 chains to corner No.1, the place of beginning, containing approximately 158.04 acres; Hydaburg: beginning at corner No. 1, a cedar post set in the ground and surround with stones, at the line of mean high tide on the casterly shore of Sakkwan Strait at the head of a small cove north of Hydaburg village, and at the mouth of a small stream flowing into this cove; thence following the line of mean high tide of said strait to corner No. 2; thence N 37W 78 chains to corner No. 1, the place of beginning containing approximately 189 acres; Kake: Beginning at MC corner No.1 which is identical with MC NO.1 of H.E.S. No. 56, a schist stone 24x8x8 inches, 14 inches in the ground, over a stone marked with a cross for meander corner and corner No.1 of survey, marked 1 H.E.S. No. 56 on side facing the chain and MC on side facing Keku Strait; thence following the mean high tide of said strait to corner No.2.MC;thence N. 40 30' E. on a true line, 12.80 chains to corner No.3; thence S 41 E 56 chains to corner No.4 MC which is identical with corner No. 2 of H.E.S.No. 56; thence following the line of mean high tide on right bank of Gunnock Creek and the meander of H.E.S. No. 56 to nouth of said creek and east shore of Keku Strait thence along side strait at line of mean high tide approximately 13.70 chains to corner No.1, the place of beginning containing approximately 94.36 acres; Kasaan: Beginning at corner No.1 identical with U.S. Location Monument No. 5 on the north shore of Kasaan Bay, Prince of Wales Island, approximately in latitude 65 32' N., longitude 132 21' W;thence along the shore of said bay at line of mean high tide corner NO. 2 MC; thence north 10 chains to corner No. 3, not set,thence approximately N. 73 85 E chains to corner No.4, which is identical with corner No. 2 of U.S. Survey No. 2; thence retraceing line of said Survey No. S. 72 09 E 331 chains to corner No. k which is identical with corner no. 3 of said survey; thense S. 42o 30 E,27.45 chains to corner No.6, which is identical with corner No. 4 of said Survey No. 280, and also corner No. 3 of the Booth Fisheries Company's Elimination; thence S 31o 30 W. 13 chains to corner No. 7 M C identical with corner No 2 M C of the said company's elimi- nation; thence along shore of Kasaan Bay at time of mean high tide to corner No. 8, identical with corner No 5 M C of said survey No 280, thence continuing the meanders of said bay to corner No. 9 MC which is identical with corner No. 6 M.C. of said survey; thence continuing the meanders of said bay to corner No. 1 the place of beginning, containing approximately 44.69 miles; Klawak; Beginning at corner No. 1, M.C. identical with corner No. 1 M.C. of U.S. Survey No. 1101 of the North Pacific Trading and Packing Company situated on the shore of Klawak Harbor at the lin of mean high tied, from which U.S.L.M No. 1101 bears S. 52o 42' E., 1.54 chains distant; thence along the east boundary of Survey 1101 to corner No. 2 M.C.,which is identical with corner No. 4 M.C. of survey; thence along the shores of Klawak Harbor and Inlet at the line of mean high tide to corner No. 1, the place of beginning, containing approxi- mately 195 miles; Yakutat: Beginning at corner No. 1. M. C., identical with corner 1 and M.C. of Yakutat and Southern Railroad Termial Ground on east hore of Monti Bay, approximately in Latitude 59o 32 1/2' N, longitude 139o 44' W, thence south 5.19 chains to corner No. 2;thence east 16.11 chains to corner No. 3 thence north 65.1S chains to corner No. 4,on line of U.S. Survey No. 659, not set; thence following along line of said Survey No. 659 N. 49o 20' E. 19.80 chains to corner No. 5 identical with corner 7 of said Survey No. 659; thence along lind of said survey N. 40o W 31.66 chains to corner No. 6 M.C., which is identical with corner No. 6 M. C. of said Survey No. 659; thence along shore of Puget Cove following lind of said Survey to corner No 7 M. C. identical with corner 5 and M.C. of said survey; thence along line of said survey S. 49o 20' W.,43.38 chains to corner No. 8 M. C. identical with corner No 4 and M.C. of said survey; thence by meander along the shore of lagoon following line of said survey to corner No. 3 and M.C. of said Survey No. 659; thence continuing by meanders along shore of lagoon and Yakutat Bay at line of mean high tide to corner No. 2 and M.C. of U. S. survey No. 659 to corner No. 1 and M.C. of said survey ; thence continuing meander along shore of said Bay to corner No. 1 and M.C, the place of beginning, containing approximately 458.54 acres; Subject to valid existing rights, the lands excluded from the national forest by this order are hereby reserved to be disposed of for townsite purposes as provided by Sec. 11 of the act of March 3, 1891 (26 Stat, 1095) and the act of May 25, 1926 (44 Stat., 629). CALVIN COOLIDGE THE WHITE HOUSE August 30, 1927 [No. 4712] --- - --- HOAA COASTAL SERVICES CTR LIBRARY 3 6668 14110074 5