[Federal Register Volume 59, Number 1 (Monday, January 3, 1994)] [Proposed Rules] [Pages 141-144] From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov] [FR Doc No: 93-31853] [[Page Unknown]] [Federal Register: January 3, 1994] DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Customs Service 19 CFR Parts 4, 10, 12, 102, 134, and 177 RIN 1515-AB19 Rules of Origin Applicable to Imported Merchandise AGENCY: U.S. Customs Service, Department of the Treasury. ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- SUMMARY: This document proposes to amend the Customs Regulations to set forth uniform rules governing the determination of the country of origin of imported merchandise. These rules would codify existing principles used for determining when under the customs laws an article ``is wholly the growth, product or manufacture'' of a country or when an article is ``a new and different article'' [or article of commerce] as a result of a manufacturing process in a given country. The proposed rules are intended to codify the present country of origin rules in order to provide rules that are more objective and transparent and thereby to provide greater certainty and predictability for both the trade community and the Customs Service in making country of origin determinations required under existing laws and regulations. DATES: Comments must be received on or before April 4, 1994. ADDRESSES: Written comments (preferably in triplicate) may be addressed to U.S. Customs Service, 1301 Constitution Avenue, NW., Franklin Court, Washington, DC 20229, and they may be inspected at the Regulations Branch located at 1099 14th St. NW., suite 4000, Washington, DC. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Sandra L. Gethers, Office of Regulations and Rulings (202-482-6980). SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Background On September 25, 1991, a document was published in the Federal Register (56 FR 48448) proposing to amend the Customs Regulations to set forth a uniform rule governing the determination of the country of origin of imported merchandise which is wholly obtained or produced in a single country. The document also proposed to amend the Customs Regulations to establish rules, for determining the country of origin of imported goods, and solicited comments on those proposals. Customs has refined the original proposal and has decided to issue this second proposal regarding uniform rules for the determination of the country of origin of imported merchandise. All goods imported into the United States are subject to a determination as to their country of origin because origin determinations affect the treatment of imported goods under various laws. Examples of laws that involve country of origin determinations include laws regarding admissibility, duty assessment, country of origin marking, and quota administration. The rules of origin as historically applied in the United States reflect tests and criteria developed through the years in judicial decisions and in Customs interpretations of those judicial decisions. In more recent years, the importance of rules of origin has been demonstrated by the adoption of statutory or regulatory origin rules applicable in specific contexts, including for purposes of government procurement, certain duty-preference programs, and the U.S. textile import program. An article may be grown or mined or otherwise extracted from the ground in a country and not be further processed prior to exportation. Such an article is ``wholly the growth or product'' of that country and as such has its origin in that country because it reflects no materials or processing attributable to any other country. Similarly, an article may be processed or manufactured exclusively in a country from materials wholly grown or produced in that same country. In such a case the article is ``wholly the product or manufacture'' of that country and thus has its origin in that country because, again, it reflects no materials or processing attributable to any other country. The U.S. origin rule in these cases is expressed by the phrase ``wholly the growth, product, or manufacture of a country'' (or ``wholly grown, produced, or manufactured in a country''). The more problematic origin determinations arise when an article is not wholly the growth, product, or manufacture of a country. In these other, more problematic determinations, the product in question incorporates or reflects materials and/or processing which are attributable to two or more countries. In such cases origin is determined based on the effect of processing performed on materials or articles which originated in another country. Under the current judicially-developed test, a case-by-case determination is made as to whether the processing is such that it results in a ``new and different article'' (or ``new and different article of commerce'') having a ``new name, character, and use'' which is different from that which existed prior to the processing; Customs has expressed this test as the ``substantial transformation'' rule. Under this rule, the country of origin of an imported article is considered to be the last country in which a substantial transformation took place (in other words, the country in which the imported article assumed its final and distinctive identity prior to importation). Notwithstanding the long history of the substantial transformation rule, its administration has not been without problems. These problems devolve from the fact that application of the substantial transformation rule is on a case-by-case basis and often involves subjective judgments as to what constitutes a new and different article or as to whether processing has resulted in a new name, character, and use. As a result, application of the substantial transformation rule has remained essentially non-systematic in that a judicial or administrative determination in one case more often than not has little or no bearing on another case involving a different factual pattern. Thus, while judicial and administrative decisions involving the substantial transformation rule may have some value as restatements or refinements of the basic rule, they are often of little assistance in resolving individual cases involving the myriad of issues or tests that have arisen, such as the distinction between producer's goods and consumer's goods, the significance of further manufacturing or finishing operations, and the issue of dedication to use. The very fact that the substantial transformation rule has been the subject of a large number of judicial and administrative determinations is testament to the basic problem: The case-by-case approach, involving application of the rule based on specific sets of facts, has led to varied case- specific interpretations of the basic rule, resulting in a lack of predictability which in turn has engendered a significant degree of uncertainty both within Customs and in the trade community as regards the effect that a particular type of processing should have on an origin determination. The United States-Canada Free-Trade Agreement (CFTA), Public Law 100-449, 102 Stat. 1851 (codified at 19 U.S.C. 2112 note), sets forth rules for determining the origin of goods for purposes of duty preference under the CFTA. Those rules, which are set forth in General Note 3 HTSUS, and the rules of origin in Chapter 4 of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which will supplant the CFTA rules, provide that goods will have their origin (1) in the country in which they are wholly obtained or produced, or (2) in the case of goods not wholly obtained or produced in a country, in the country in which they were transformed so as to be subject to a specified change in tariff classification (with minimum value-added requirements applying in addition to a tariff classification change in certain cases). The change in tariff classification standard was specifically developed as an alternative to the traditional substantial transformation rule in order to obviate the problems described above. Customs believes that rules based upon the change in tariff classification approach, would provide by virtue of their greater specificity, more objectivity, transparency, and predictability in origin determinations. Consequently, Customs is proposing to adopt a system of country of origin determination rules based on change in tariff classification that would be applicable to all merchandise imported into the United States. To that end, this document would amend interim regulations (19 CFR part 102) published in today's Federal Register, that follow the change in tariff classification approach applicable to North American products. Discussion of Proposals This document proposes to amend the interim regulations as set forth in part 102 of the Customs Regulations, published elsewhere in today's issue of the Federal Register, to make them uniformly applicable to all merchandise imported into the United States. The background section of the interim regulations as well as the regulatory text of part 102, is applicable to this document. This document proposes to amend Sec. 102.0 to set forth the scope of areas for which the rules of origin set forth in part 102 are proposed to be used to make country of origin determinations. These proposed rules of origin will be applicable for all purposes for which the ``product of'' or ``country of origin'' criterion is prescribed by statute. As this position would be consistent (except in the case of waste and scrap which are treated as if they originated as raw materials) with the position Customs has always taken regarding the concept of goods ``wholly grown, produced or manufactured'' in one country, including under preferential trade arrangements, such as the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) and Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI) statutes and regulations, Customs proposes that this definition apply for all purposes under the Customs and related laws and the navigation laws of the United States (for example, for duty assessment and country of origin marking purposes). Consequently, this document proposes to amend all provisions where the phrase, ``wholly the growth, product or manufacture'', or ``wholly obtained or produced'' or a similar phrase, is used in the current regulations for origin purposes, by including cross-references to the definition of ``wholly obtained or produced in a country'' set forth in the proposed Sec. 102.1(g). Moreover, since the new rules of origin include specific tariff rules (tariff classification change and/or specific operations) which codify the ``substantial transformation'' rule, i.e., the criteria for determining whether a good has become a ``new and different article of commerce'' as a result of a manufacturing process in a given country, and provide the results that would be reached under a case-by-case application of the substantial transformation rule, the new rules would apply for all purposes where ``substantial transformation'' currently is specified in the Customs Regulations as the test for determining origin under Customs law. This does not include origin determinations under antidumping, countervailing duty, or government procurement statutes, although the authorities responsible for promulgating determinations under those statutes may avail themselves of these rules if they so choose. The proposed amendments to part 134 concerning country of origin marking also clarify that the substantial transformation rule currently used for identifying an ultimate purchaser is the same rule that is used for determining the country of origin of a foreign article imported into the United States. Proposed changes were also made to parts 4, 10, 12, and 177, Customs Regulations (19 CFR parts 4, 10, 12, and 177). The Interim Regulations set forth in Part 102 also are proposed to be used to determine whether a good meets the ``product of'' criterion for receiving duty preferences under General Note 3(a)(iv), 3(c)(ii), (viii), (ix) (Insular Possessions, Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act (CBERA), Freely Associated States, Andean Trade Preferences Act (ATPA) and following bilateral consultations now underway, under General Note 3(c)(vi) [the United States-Israel Free-Trade Agreement]. The value content requirements under these provisions, however, must still be met in order for a good to qualify for the duty preference. Comments Before adopting the proposed amendments, consideration will be given to any written comments (preferably in triplicate) timely submitted to Customs. Comments submitted will be available for public inspection in accordance with the Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C. 552), and applicable Treasury Department Regulations (31 CFR 1.4) and Customs Regulations (19 CFR 103.11(b)), on normal business days between the hours of 9 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. at the Regulations and Disclosure Law Branch. Comments submitted in response to this Federal Register document, need not be duplicated in response to the Interim Rulemaking document relating to the Rules of Origin for the NAFTA published in today's Federal Register. Comments in response to one document will be considered during the review of both documents. Executive Order 12866 This document does not meet the criteria for a ``significant regulatory action'' as specified in E.O. 12866. Regulatory Flexibility Act Pursuant to the provisions of the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.), it is certified that the proposed regulations amendments will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. Accordingly, the proposed amendments are not subject to the regulatory analysis or other requirements of 5 U.S.C. 603 and 604. List of Subjects 19 CFR Part 4 Customs duties and inspection, Freight, Harbors, Imports, Maritime carriers, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Vessels. 19 CFR Part 10 Customs duties and inspection, Imports, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements. 19 CFR Part 12 Customs duties and inspection, Labeling, Marking, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Textiles and textile products. 19 CFR Part 102 Customs duties and inspections, Imports, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Rules of origin, Trade agreements. 19 CFR Part 134 Country of origin, Customs duties and inspections, Imports, Labeling, Marking, Packaging and containers. 19 CFR Part 177 Administrative practice and procedures, Customs duties and inspection, Imports, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements. Proposed Amendments to the Regulations Accordingly, it is proposed to amend Chapter I of Title 19, Code of Federal Regulations (19 CFR Chapter I), by amending parts 4, 10, 12, 102, 134, and 177 as set forth below: PART 4--VESSELS IN FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC TRADES 1. The general authority citation for part 4 continues to read as follows: Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301; 19 U.S.C. 66, 1624; 46 U.S.C. App. 3. 2. Section 4.80b is amended by adding a sentence at the end of paragraph (a) to read as follows: Sec. 4.80b Coastwise transportation of merchandise. (a) * * * For purposes of determining whether merchandise is manufactured or processed into a new and different product under this section, the rules set forth in part 102 of this chapter (regarding the determination of whether goods are substantially transformed in a country) shall apply. * * * * * PART 10--ARTICLES CONDITIONALLY FREE, SUBJECT TO A REDUCED RATE, ETC. 1. The general authority citation for Part 10 continues to read as follows: Authority: 19 U.S.C. 66, 1202, 1481, 1484, 1498, 1508, 1623, 1624; 2. Section 10.12 is amended by revising the last sentence of paragraph (e) to read as follows: Sec. 10.12 Definitions. * * * * * (e) * * * If the article consists wholly or partially of foreign components or materials, the manufacturing process must be such that the foreign components or materials have been substantially transformed as provided in Sec. 10.14(b) of this part. 3. Section 10.14 is amended by revising the text in paragraph (b) preceding the examples to read as follows: Sec. 10.14 Fabricated components subject to the exemption. * * * * * (b) Substantial transformation of foreign-made articles or materials. Foreign-made articles or materials will become products of the United States if they undergo a process of manufacture in the United States which results in their substantial transformation. Substantial transformation occurs when under part 102 of this Chapter, the country of origin of a good which is produced in the United States from foreign materials is determined to be the United States. * * * * * 4. Section 10.171 is amended by adding a new paragraph (c) to read as follows: Sec. 10.171 General. * * * * * (c) Wholly the growth, product, or manufacture defined. For purposes of Secs. 10.171 through 10.178, the expression ``wholly the growth, product, or manufacture'' refers to articles and materials wholly obtained or produced within the meaning of Sec. 102.1(g) of this chapter. 5. Section 10.176(a) is revised to read as follows: Sec. 10.176 Country of origin criteria. (a) Any article which is (1) either wholly the growth, product, or manufacture of a beneficiary developing country or of any two or more countries which are members of the same association of countries, or a new or different article of commerce which has been grown, produced, or manufactured in a beneficiary developing country and (2) imported directly from such beneficiary developing country or member countries, may qualify for duty-free entry under the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP). However, duty free entry under GSP may be accorded only if: (i) The sum of the cost or value of the materials produced in the beneficiary developing country or any two or more countries which are members of the same association of countries which is treated as one country under section 502(a)(3), Trade Act of 1974, as amended (19 U.S.C. 2462(a)(3)), plus (ii) the direct costs of processing operations performed in such beneficiary developing country or member countries, is not less than 35 percent of the appraised value of the article at the time of its entry into the customs territory of the United States. For purposes of this section, a ``new and different article of commerce'' exists when under part 102 of this Chapter, the country of origin of a good, which is produced in a beneficiary developing country from foreign materials, is determined to be that beneficiary developing country. * * * * * 6. Section 10.191 is amended by revising paragraph (b)(3) to read as follows: Sec. 10.191 General. * * * * * (b) Definitions. * * * * * (3) Wholly the growth, product, or manufacture. For purposes of Sec. 10.191 through Sec. 10.198, the expression ``wholly the growth, product, or manufacture'' refers to articles and materials wholly obtained or produced within the meaning of Sec. 102.1(g) of this chapter. * * * * * 7. Section 10.195 is amended by adding a statement at the end of the existing text in paragraph (a)(1) to read as follows: Sec. 10.195 Country of origin criteria. (a) Articles produced in a beneficiary country-- (1) * * * For purposes of this section, a ``new and different article of commerce'' exists when under part 102 of this Chapter, the country of origin of a good, which is produced in a beneficiary country from foreign materials, is determined to be that beneficiary country. * * * * * PART 12--SPECIAL CLASSES OF MERCHANDISE 1. The general authority citation for part 12 continues to read as follows: Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301; 19 U.S.C. 66, 1202 (General Note 8, Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS)), 1304, 1624. 2. Section 12.130 is amended by removing paragraphs (d) and (e) and redesignating paragraphs (f) through (i) as paragraphs (d) through (g), and by revising paragraph (b) to read as follows: Sec. 12.130 Textiles and textile products country of origin. * * * * * (b) Country of origin. For the purpose of this section and except as provided in paragraph (c) a textile or textile product, subject to section 204, Agricultural Act of 1956, as amended, imported into the customs territory of the United States shall be a product of a particular foreign territory or country, insular possession of the U.S., if it is wholly obtained or produced (as defined under Sec. 102.1(g), part 102, of this Chapter) in that foreign territory or country, or insular possession. However, except as provided in paragraph (c), a textile or textile product, subject to section 204, which consists of materials produced or derived from, or processed in, more than one foreign territory or country, or insular possession of the U.S., shall be a product of that foreign territory or country, or insular possession where it last underwent a substantial transformation. A textile or textile product will be considered to have undergone a substantial transformation when under part 102 of this Chapter, the country of origin of a good, which is produced in a country from foreign materials, is determined to be that country. * * * * * PART 102--NON-PREFERENCE RULES OF ORIGIN 1. The authority citation for part 102 continues to read as follows: Authority: 19 U.S.C. 66, 1202 (General Note 8, Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS)), 1624, and the North American Free-Trade Agreement Implementation Act, Pub.L. 103-182, 107 Stat. 2057. 2. Section 102.0 is revised to read as follows: Sec. 102.0 Scope. This part sets forth rules for determining the country of origin of imported goods for purposes of the Customs and related laws and the navigation laws of the United States. The rules in this part regarding goods wholly obtained or produced in a country are intended to apply for all such purposes. The rules in this part which determine when a good becomes a new and different article or a new or different article of commerce as a result of manufacturing processes in a given country, also are intended to apply for all purposes where this requirement exists for ``country of origin'' or ``product of'' determinations under the Customs laws. The rules in this part also will be applied by the United States for determining when a good is a good of a North American Free-Trade Agreement (NAFTA) country for the purposes specified under Annex 311 of the NAFTA. PART 134--COUNTRY OF ORIGIN MARKING 1. The authority citation for part 134 continues to read as follows: Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301, 19 U.S.C. 66, 1202 (General Note 8, Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS)), 1304, 1624. 2. Section 134.1 is amended by revising paragraph (b); redesignating current paragraphs (d) through (f) as (e) through (g); adding a new paragraph (d); and revising newly designated paragraphs (e) (1) and (2) to read as follows: Sec. 134.1 Definitions. * * * * * (b) Country of origin. ``Country of origin'', when used with reference to any article of foreign origin imported into the United States, means the country in which the article was wholly obtained or produced within the meaning of Sec. 102.1(e) of this chapter, or, in the case of an article not wholly obtained or produced in one country, the country where the article last underwent a substantial transformation prior to its importation into the United States. * * * * * (d) Substantial transformation. ``Substantial transformation'' occurs when, under part 102 of this Chapter, the country of origin of a good, which is produced in a country from foreign materials, is determined to be that country. (e) Ultimate purchaser. * * * (1) If an imported article will be used in further processing, the processor will be the ``ultimate purchaser'' if he subjects the imported article to a process which results in a substantial transformation of the article. (2) If the process does not result in a substantial transformation of the imported article, the consumer or user of the article, who obtains the article after the processing, will be regarded as the ``ultimate purchaser.'' * * * * * 3. Section 134.35 is revised to read as follows: Sec. 134.35 Articles substantially transformed after importation. If an imported article will be used in further processing in the United States, the processor will be considered the ultimate purchaser if such article is determined to be a good of the United States under part 102 of this Chapter. In such a case, the imported article is excepted from individual marking pursuant to 19 U.S.C. 1304(a)(3)(D) and Sec. 134.32(d) of this part, provided the container in which it is imported will reasonably indicate the country of origin of the article to the ultimate purchaser. PART 177--ADMINISTRATIVE RULINGS 1. The general authority citation for part 177 continues to read as follows: Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301, 19 U.S.C. 66, 1202 (General Note 8, Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States), 1624, unless otherwise noted. Sec. 177.22 [Amended] 2. Section 177.22(a) is amended by adding at the end the following sentence: ``The expression ``wholly the growth, product, or manufacture'' refers to articles wholly obtained or produced within the meaning of Sec. 102.1(g) of this chapter.'' Approved: December 17, 1993. John P. Simpson, Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Treasury. George J. Weise, Commissioner of Customs. [FR Doc. 93-31853 Filed 12-30-93; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4820-02-P