[Federal Register Volume 60, Number 104 (Wednesday, May 31, 1995)]
[Notices]
[Pages 28401-28404]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 95-13246]
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
[FRL-5212-8]
Retrofit/Rebuild Requirements for 1993 and Earlier Model Year
Urban Buses; Approval of an Application for Certification of Equipment
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency.
ACTION: Notice of Agency approval of an application for equipment
certification.
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SUMMARY: The Agency received an application dated August 2, 1994 from
the Engelhard Corporation (Engelhard) with principal place of business
at 101 Wood Avenue, Iselin, New Jersey for certification of urban bus
retrofit/rebuild equipment pursuant to 40 CFR 85.1401-85.1415. On
September 16, 1994 EPA published notification that the application had
been received and made the application available for public review and
comment for a period of 45 days (59 FR 47581). EPA has completed its
review of this application and the Director of the Manufacturers
Operations Division has determined that it meets all the requirements
for certification. Accordingly, EPA approves the certification of this
equipment effective May 31, 1995.
The candidate equipment provides a 25 percent or greater reduction
in emissions of particulate matter (PM) for certain petroleum fueled
diesel engines relative to the original engine configuration and on
engines that have been retrofit/rebuilt with certified new rebuild kits
that do not include aftertreatment devices. In addition, this equipment
will be offered to all parties for $2,151 or less (2,000 or less in
1992 dollars). The certification of this equipment triggers
requirements for all operators utilizing Program 1 that have engines in
their fleet that are covered by this certification.
ADDRESSES: The Engelhard application, as well as other materials
specifically relevant to it, are contained in Public Docket A-93-42,
entitled ``Certification of Urban Bus Retrofit/Rebuild Equipment''.
This docket is located in room M-1500, Waterside Mall (Ground Floor),
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street SW., Washington, DC
20460.
Docket items may be inspected from 8:00 a.m. until 4:00 p.m.,
Monday through Friday. As provided in 40 CFR Part 2, a reasonable fee
may be charged by the Agency for copying docket materials.
DATES: The date of this document May 31, 1995 is the official
certification date for this application. The equipment is immediately
available for installation.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Anthony Erb, Technical Support Branch,
Manufacturers Operations Division (6405J), U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, 401 M St. SW., Washington, DC 20460. Telephone:
(202) 233-9259.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Background
On August 2, 1994 Engelhard submitted an application under EPA's
Urban Bus/Retrofit program 1 for certification of a catalytic
converter muffler (CCM) for use on 2-cycle and 4-cycle petroleum fueled
diesel urban bus engines for 1993 and earlier model years. Engelhard
has since withdrawn the 4-cycle engines from consideration pending
development of additional test data. [[Page 28402]]
\1\ EPA promulgated the Retrofit/Rebuild Requirements for 1993
and Earlier Model Year Urban Buses on April 23, 1993 (58 FR 21359).
This final rule established the provisions for an urban bus
retrofit/rebuild program as required by section 219(d) of the Clean
Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990.
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The CCM functions as a catalytic converter and a muffler. It takes
the place of the original muffler in the engine exhaust system.
Engelhard documented that the candidate equipment provides a 25 percent
or greater reduction in emissions of particulate matter (PM) for
petroleum fueled diesel heavy-duty urban bus engines as listed in Table
A.
Table A. Certification Levels
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PM level
with
standard
Engine model Model year rebuild and Code Family designation
addition of
CCM
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DDC 6V92TA MUI............................. 1979-1987 \1\ .38 ALL............. ALL
DDC 6V92TA MUI............................. 1988-1989 .22 ALL............. ALL
DDC 6V92TA MUI............................. 1979-1989 \2\ .18 ALL............. ALL
DDC 6V92TA DDEC I.......................... 1986-1989 .23 ALL............. ALL
DDC 6V92TA DDEC II......................... 1988-1991 .23 ALL............. ALL
1992 .19 ALL............. ALL
[[Page 28403]]
1993 .19 ALL............. ALL
DDC 6V71N.................................. 1973-1989 .38 ALL............. ALL
DDC 6V71T.................................. 1985-1986 .38 ALL............. ALL
DDC 8V71N.................................. 1973-1984 .38 ALL............. ALL
DDC 6L71TA................................. 1990 .44 ALL............. ALL
1988-1989 .23 ALL............. ALL
DDC 6L71TA DDEC............................ 1990-1991 .23 ALL............. ALL
DDC-8V-92TA................................ 1979-1987 .40 ALL............. 8V-92TA
1988 .29 ALL............. ALL
DDC-8V-92TA-DD............................. 1988 .31 ALL............. 8V-92TA-DDEC II
DDC-8V-92TA................................ 1989 .35 9E70............ KDD0736FW8 9
DDC-8V-92TA................................ 1989 .29 9A90............ KDD0736FW8 9
DDC-8V-92TA................................ 1989 .26 9G85............ KDD0736FW8 9
DDC-8V-92TA-DDEC........................... 1989 .31 1A.............. KDD0736FZH 4
DDC-8V-92TA................................ 1990 .35 9E70............ LDD0736FAH 9
DDC-8V-92TA-DDEC........................... 1990 .37 1A.............. LDD0736FZH 3
DDC-8V-92TA-DDEC........................... 1991 .19 1A OR 5A........ MDD0736FZH 2
DDC-8V-92TA................................ 1992-1993 .16 1D.............. NDD0736FZH 1 &
PDD0736FZH X
DDC-8V-92TA-DDEC........................... 1992-1993 .22 6A.............. NDD0736FZH 1 &
PDD0736FZH X
DDC-8V-92TA-DDEC........................... 1992-1993 .15 5A.............. NDD0736FZH 1 &
PDD0736FZH X
DDC-8V-92TA-DDEC........................... 1992-1993 .19 1A.............. NDD0736FZH 1 &
PDD0736FZH X
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\1\ To attain these levels of PM reduction engines must be rebuilt to original manufacturers specifications, or
in cases where the operator finds the engines meet certain performance specifications as stated by Engelhard
in the instructions to purchasers of the CCM kit, rebuild of the engine in order to claim the listed PM
reduction would not be required. This applies to all engines listed in the table with the exception of those
covered by footnote 2.
\2\ If the CCM is installed on these engines after rebuild using the ``Engelhard Emission Rebuild/Retrofit Kit''
in conjunction with the CCM, the emission level certified to by Engelhard is 0.18 g/bhp-hr PM.
Emission test results supplied by Engelhard in the application are
shown in Table B. The test data show a greater than 25% reduction in
PM. Hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen
(NOx) and smoke emissions were within the applicable emission
standards with the CCM installed.
Table B.--Certification Emission Test Results (GM/BHP-HR)
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Baseline
Baseline engine
engine before Baseline Rebuilt
before rebuild rebuilt engine with
rebuild with engine catalyst
catalyst
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HC.......................................................... 1.19 0.64 0.48 0.24
CO.......................................................... 2.53 1.32 1.53 1.00
NOX......................................................... 9.55 9.70 10.31 10.46
PM.......................................................... 0.87 0.51 0.21 0.15
Smoke Test.................................................. ........... ........... ........... ...........
Accel....................................................... ........... ........... ........... 6.0%
Lug......................................................... ........... ........... ........... 3.4%
Peak........................................................ ........... ........... ........... 7.6%
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Urban bus operators who choose to comply with Program 1 will be
required to use this equipment (or other equipment certified in the
meantime) beginning six months after the date of this certification
approval. Urban bus operators who choose to comply with Program 2 and
use the Engelhard equipment will use the PM emissions values from Table
A when calculating their average fleet PM level.
The emission levels of the Engelhard rebuild kit will be used to
modify the Program 2 post rebuild levels in July 1996.
II. Summary and Analysis of Comments
EPA received a variety of comments on the Engelhard application
during the comment period. The comments generally fall into the areas
of equipment effects and design, durability and cost. Copies of the
original comments are to be found in EPA Docket A-93-42.
An abbreviated summary of the major comments is provided below.
Additional discussion of comments for this decision can be found in the
Final Decision Document for the Engelhard Application #1 (FDDEA1) which
has been placed in Docket A-93-42. A limited number of copies of the
FDDEA1 are also available form the contact person listed above (see FOR
FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT).
The most frequently raised concern among commenters was the effect
of the [[Page 28404]] CCM on engine backpressure and the effect the
backpressure could have on the remaining life of the engine.
Backpressure with the CCM installed will generally be higher than
the backpressure with the original muffler. However, Engelhard has
designed the CCM to ensure that the engine manufacturer's maximum
allowable backpressure will not be exceeded for any engine/exhaust
combination. Since backpressure will remain below the manufacturer's
allowable limit, EPA does not believe that engine life will be
diminished as a result of installing a CCM. Furthermore, Engelhard has
recently reconfigured the catalyst that will be marketed under this
program to provide a lower backpressure as compared to the catalyst
used in the certification test.
Catalyst sizing, packaging and installation applicability were
raised as issues by several commenters. Specifically, commenters
questioned whether the catalyst would be adequately packaged to fit the
wide range of engines and bus models, and whether proper installation
and mounting hardware would be available for each combination of bus /
engine.
Clear instructions and proper installation for each bus/engine
combination will be required to ensure proper operation of the CCM.
Engelhard has designed specific installation instructions and hardware
for most applications already. The CCM takes the place of the muffler
in the exhaust system and each kit will contain all components
necessary to complete the installation. Engelhard continues to work
with operators to develop appropriate hardware and packaging for
specific applications.
The last major group of comments centered around life cycle cost of
the CCM. One commenter proposed that field data be collected to support
fuel economy impact claims contained in the application for
certification. Another commenter noted that operators might use the
equipment beyond the 150,000 mile useful life, and questioned how the
costs associated with use beyond 150,000 miles are accounted for in the
life cycle cost.
Regarding field data to demonstrate fuel economy claims, the
regulations do not require that life cycle fuel cost be calculated
using field data. At the time of application for certification, a
certifier that is applying for certification within life cycle cost
limitations must provide information on the fuel economy impact of
rebuild/retrofit equipment. Engelhard provided brake-specific fuel
consumption (BSFC) data from transient tests performed on a baseline
engine and on an engine equipped with a CCM. This data shows the BSFC
difference between these tests to be within normal test to test
variability, and EPA does not find that this equipment will have an
impact on fuel economy.
Regarding the second comment, operators may indeed continue to use
certified equipment beyond the statutory useful-life of 150,000 miles.
However, for the purpose of calculating life cycle costs, only those
costs incurred within the useful-life are relevant. Operators who
operate equipment beyond the useful-life are responsible for costs to
maintain the equipment in proper operating condition, and assume in-use
emissions performance liability.
III. Certification Approval
The Agency has reviewed this application, along with comments
received from the interested parties, and finds that this application
meets the requirements for certification under the Retrofit/Rebuild
Requirements for 1993 and Earlier Model Year Urban Buses (40 CFR
85.1401 and 85.1415). Thus, the Agency hereby approves the
certification of this equipment.
IV. Operator Requirements and Responsibilities
Operators who have chosen to comply with Program 1 will be required
to utilize this equipment for any engines that are listed in Table A
that undergo rebuild on or after December 1, 1995. Under Program 2,
this equipment is immediately available to operators for use and those
who use this certified kit may claim the PM emissions reduction as
stated in Table A when calculating their Fleet Level Attained.
As stated in the regulations, operators should maintain records for
each engine in their fleet to demonstrate that they are in compliance
with either program 1 or program 2 beginning in January 1, 1995. These
records include purchase records, receipts, and part numbers for the
parts and components used in the rebuilding of urban bus engines.
Dated: May 10, 1995.
Mary D. Nichols,
Assistant Administrator for Air and Radiation.
[FR Doc. 95-13246 Filed 5-30-95; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P