[Federal Register Volume 61, Number 141 (Monday, July 22, 1996)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 37964-37977]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 96-18138]
[[Page 37963]]
_______________________________________________________________________
Part II
Department of Justice
Office of the Attorney General
28 CFR Part 38
Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board
36 CFR Part 1191
_______________________________________________________________________
Americans With Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings
and Facilities; Children's Facilities; Proposed Rule
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 141 / Monday, July 22, 1996 /
Proposed Rules
[[Page 37964]]
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
Office of the Attorney General
28 CFR Part 38
[Order No. 2042-96]
Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board
36 CFR Part 1191
[Docket No. 94-2]
RIN 3014-AA17
Americans With Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines for
Buildings and Facilities; Children's Facilities
AGENCIES: Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board
and Department of Justice.
ACTION: Joint notice of proposed rulemaking.
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SUMMARY: The Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board
(Access Board) proposes to amend the Americans with Disabilities Act
Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) by adding a special application
section for children's facilities. The section contains guidelines
based on children's dimensions and anthropometrics for newly
constructed and altered children's facilities. The section would ensure
that newly constructed and altered children's facilities are readily
accessible to and usable by children with disabilities.
The Department of Justice proposes to amend its regulations
implementing the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) by adding to its
Standards for Accessible Design the special application section for
children's facilities proposed by the Access Board.
DATES: Comments should be received by October 21, 1996. Comments
received after this date will be considered to the extent practicable.
ADDRESSES: Comments should be sent to the Office of Technical and
Information Services, Architectural and Transportation Barriers
Compliance Board, 1331 F Street NW., suite 1000, Washington, DC 20004-
1111. The Access Board will provide copies of all comments received to
the Department of Justice. Comments will be available for inspection at
the above address from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. on regular business days.
For information about availability of copies and electronic access, see
the beginning of SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Access Board: Marsha K. Mazz, Office
of Technical and Information Services, Architectural and Transportation
Barriers Compliance Board, 1331 F Street NW, suite 1000, Washington, DC
20004-1111. Telephone (202) 272-5434 ext. 21 or (800) 872-2253 ext. 21
(voice), and (202) 272-5449 (TTY) or (800) 993-2822 (TTY).
Department of Justice: John L. Wodatch, the ADA information line,
Disability Rights Section, Civil Rights Division, U.S. Department of
Justice, Washington, DC 20530. Telephone (800) 514-0301 (voice) or
(800) 514-0383 (TTY).
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Availability of Copies and Electronic Access
Single copies of this publication may be obtained at no cost by
calling the Access Board's automated publications order line (202) 272-
5434 or (800) 872-2253, by pressing 1 on the telephone keypad, then 1
again, and requesting publication S25 (Children's Facilities Notice of
Proposed Rulemaking). Persons using a TTY should call (202) 272-5449 or
(800) 993-2822. Please record a name, address, telephone number and
request publication S25. Persons who want a copy in an alternate format
should specify the type of format (audio cassette tape, braille, large
print, or computer disk).
The proposed rule is available on electronic bulletin board at
(202) 272-5448 (Access Board) and (202) 514-6193 (Department of
Justice). This rule is also available on the Internet. It can be
accessed with gopher client software (gopher.usdoj.gov), through other
gopher servers using the University of Minnesota master gopher (under
North America, USA, All, Department of Justice), with World Wide Web
software (http://www.usdoj.gov), or through the White House WWW server
(http://www.whitehouse.gov).
Background
The Access Board is responsible for developing accessibility
guidelines under the ADA to ensure that new construction and
alterations of facilities covered by titles II and III of the Act are
readily accessible to and usable by individuals with
disabilities.1 The Access Board initially issued the Americans
with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) in 1991 (36 CFR
part 1191, appendix A) and has amended the guidelines four times, most
recently in 1994. See 59 FR 31676 (June 20, 1994). ADAAG consists of
general sections (ADAAG 1 to 4) that apply to all types of buildings
and facilities, and special application sections (ADAAG 5 to 14) that
contain additional requirements for certain types of buildings.2
1 The ADA (42 U.S.C. 12101-12213) is a comprehensive civil
rights law which prohibits discrimination on the basis of
disability. Titles II and III of the ADA require, among other
things, that newly constructed and altered State and local
government buildings, places of public accommodation, and commercial
facilities be readily accessible to and usable by individuals with
disabilities.
2 The special application sections cover the following buildings
and facilities: restaurants and cafeterias (ADAAG 5); medical care
facilities (ADAAG 6); business, mercantile and civic (ADAAG 7);
libraries (ADAAG 8); transient lodging (ADAAG 9); transportation
facilities (ADAAG 10); judicial, legislative, and regulatory
facilities (ADAAG 11); detention and correctional facilities (ADAAG
12); accessible residential housing (ADAAG 13); and public rights-
of-way (ADAAG 14).
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Under the ADA, the Department of Justice is responsible for issuing
regulations to implement titles II and III of the Act. The Department
of Transportation is responsible for issuing regulations to implement
the transportation provisions of titles II and III of the ADA. The
regulations issued by the Department of Justice and Department of
Transportation must include accessibility standards for newly
constructed and altered facilities covered by titles II and III of the
ADA. The standards must be consistent with the accessibility guidelines
issued by the Access Board. The Department of Justice has adopted ADAAG
as its Standards for Accessible Design, published as appendix A to 28
CFR part 36; and the Department of Transportation has also adopted
ADAAG as its accessibility standards, published at appendix A to 49 CFR
part 37.3
\3\ The Department of Justice's and Department of
Transportation's regulations currently include ADAAG 1 to 10. On
June 20, 1994, the Department of Justice and Department of
Transportation proposed to add ADAAG 11 to 14 to their regulations.
See 59 FR 31808 and 31818 (June 20, 1994). The Department of Justice
further proposed to move its Standards for Accessible Design from 28
CFR part 36, appendix A to 28 CFR part 37, appendix A. The
Department of Justice subsequently assigned another set of
regulations to 28 CFR part 37 and now proposes to move its standards
to 28 CFR part 38, appendix A.
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The Access Board proposes to add a new special application section
to ADAAG (section 15) for newly constructed and altered children's
facilities. Section 15 contains design and construction guidelines
based on children's dimensions and anthropometrics. Section 15 does not
address play settings and fixed play equipment for children. These
facilities will be addressed by the Access Board in a separate
rulemaking on recreation facilities.
The Department of Justice proposes to amend its regulations
implementing
[[Page 37965]]
titles II and III of the ADA by adding section 15 to its Standards for
Accessible Design.
Section 15 generally modifies current ADAAG technical requirements
for children's facilities. It does not broaden the application of ADAAG
and applies to those facilities already covered by titles II and III of
the ADA. Section 15 generally does not increase the number of
accessible elements and features required by current ADAAG. For
example, the number of toilet rooms or toilets required to be
accessible by ADAAG is not changed. Rather, where a toilet room is
required to be accessible, and it is constructed according to
children's dimensions and anthropometrics instead of adults', the
applicable technical requirements in section 15 modify those currently
in ADAAG. Other ADAAG sections not specifically referenced in section
15 shall be applied to children's facilities without modification or
addition.
State and local laws and codes, as well as best practices, often
recognize the need for certain facilities to be constructed according
to children's dimensions and anthropometrics, rather than adults'.
Typically, this need occurs where children will be the primary users of
a facility, such as in child care centers and elementary schools. Some
state and local laws and codes either require or recommend the
application of design guidelines specifically suited to serve children.
Those design guidelines may, for example, specify lower mounting
heights for elements used primarily by children such as drinking
fountains, lavatories and toilets. In the absence of mandatory or
recommended design guidelines for children, best practices are often
applied that consider that certain elements in the built environment
should be usable by children rather than adults. With respect to the
design and construction of buildings, the term ``best practices''
generally refers to design criteria or methods of construction that
have been developed over time by designers and builders and that in
their professional judgment and experience are best applied in
situations where no formal guidance (e.g., code or regulation) exists.
While state and local laws and codes may contain guidelines for
children, only a few contain guidelines that address accessibility for
children with disabilities.
Current ADAAG contains specifications that are based on adult
dimensions and anthropometrics. Although ADAAG applies to child care
centers, pre-kindergarten and elementary schools and other children's
facilities, it does not currently contain requirements that
specifically address access for children. Applying specifications that
serve adults to facilities for children may conflict with state and
local codes or best practices that require or recommend the application
of specifications based on children's sizes and dimensions. For
example, a code or best practice may specify a lower seat height for
toilets serving children, while ADAAG specifies a seat height suitable
for adults with disabilities. Alternatives to ADAAG specifications,
such as a lower toilet seat height, may be permitted under ADAAG 2.2
(Equivalent Facilitation). Equivalent facilitation allows departures
from specific requirements so long as greater or equal access is
provided. While equivalent facilitation may provide flexibility in the
use of ADAAG, it does not provide specific guidance in designing
facilities accessible to children. It is clear from technical inquiries
to the Access Board that such guidance is needed in the form of design
guidelines based on children's dimensions and anthropometrics, grasp,
strength, and stamina.
This proposed rule does not create an obligation for covered
entities to construct facilities with elements that are constructed
according to children's dimensions and anthropometrics. The proposed
rule is intended only to meet the expressed need for guidelines and
standards for providing accessibility in buildings and facilities that
a covered entity constructs according to children's dimensions and
anthropometrics.
In 1986, the Access Board issued ``Recommendations for
Accessibility Guidelines to Serve Physically Handicapped Children in
Elementary Schools.'' 4 The report included recommended
modifications or additions to certain sections of the Uniform Federal
Accessibility Standards (UFAS) based on children's sizes. The
recommendations were developed to assist states in designing and
constructing accessible elementary schools. Many states and localities
have applied the Access Board's 1986 children's recommendations to
newly constructed schools serving grades one through six.
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\4\ A print or microfiche copy of the full report may be ordered
from the National Technical Information Services (NTIS) by writing
to: NTIS, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161, or calling
(703) 487-4650. The publication number is PB94-204930, and the cost
for the print copy is $17.20. Free copies of the full report on
computer disk can be ordered from the Access Board. An executive
summary of this report is also available at no cost from the Access
Board.
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Subsequently, the Access Board sponsored a research project to
study accessibility requirements for children with disabilities using a
variety of facilities. The research project, conducted by the Center
for Accessible Housing (CAH) at North Carolina State University in
Raleigh, North Carolina, resulted in the development of recommendations
for children's access in 1992. The research included a review of codes,
standards and guidelines, ergonomic studies and evaluation literature,
and post-occupancy evaluations of children's facilities. This research
was the basis for the CAH recommended accessibility guidelines for
children's facilities known as ``Recommendations for Accessibility
Standards for Children's Environments'' (also referred to as the CAH
``recommendations'' or ``study'' in this notice).5 The CAH study
focused on facilities serving pre-kindergarten and elementary school-
aged children and, to a lesser extent, facilities serving infants and
toddlers.
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\5\ A print or microfiche copy of the report may be ordered from
NTIS. The publication number is PB93-208676, and the cost for the
print copy is $52.00. A copy of the study on computer disk can be
ordered from the Access Board.
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On February 3, 1993, the Access Board published an advance notice
of proposed rulemaking (ANPRM) in the Federal Register (58 FR 6924).
The ANPRM sought comment on general issues, such as the recommended
scope of these guidelines and the ages or grades that should be
covered. The ANPRM also requested information on standards and
guidelines for children's environments currently in use, building
products and technologies currently available that specifically serve
children, and elements and features unique to children's environments
that may merit specific attention. Approximately 75 comments were
received in response to this notice. Commenters included state and
local departments of education, groups representing children with
disabilities, plumbing fixture manufacturers, individuals, and design
professionals. These comments are further discussed in the section-by-
section analysis that follows. A number of commenters raised
operational or programmatic issues and recommended that the guidelines
address adult supervision of children, including the adult-to-child
ratio, and the provision of personal care and assistance. Under the
ADA, the Access Board is responsible for issuing accessibility
guidelines for buildings and facilities. The Department of Justice, not
the Access Board, has the authority to address programs or services
provided by an entity covered
[[Page 37966]]
by the ADA. Further, many of the program and service issues raised by
commenters to the ANPRM are addressed by federal, state and local law
and regulation.
Section-by-Section Analysis
This section of the preamble contains a concise summary of the
additions which the Access Board is proposing to ADAAG, and a summary
of the Access Board's responses to certain comments received on the
ANPRM. The text of the proposed common rule follows this section.
Paragraphs marked with an asterisk have related, non-mandatory material
in the Appendix.
Question 1: With the exception of additional handrails required on
ramps or stairs (15.4), this rule generally proposes to modify, or
questions whether to modify, current ADAAG provisions when designing
and constructing children's facilities. Considering that facilities
covered by this rule are already subject to the scoping and technical
provisions in current ADAAG, the Access Board and the Department of
Justice are seeking additional information or data that would assist in
estimating the costs and benefits of the proposed rule.
15. Children's Facilities
15.1* Application
Section 15 applies to those facilities constructed according to
children's dimensions and anthropometrics. The ANPRM asked whether the
proposed guidelines for children's facilities should be limited to
facilities where children are the majority user population served. Most
commenters responded that the guidelines should apply broadly to
facilities serving the public, such as libraries, theaters, community
centers, shopping malls, pools, and gymnasiums. Other commenters,
however, recommended that the application of the guidelines should be
limited to those facilities that are specifically designed for use by
children such as educational and child care facilities.
Generally, building codes and best practices specify that elements
and features be provided at heights and locations appropriate for the
primary user population served. Although children are rarely the sole
occupants or users of a facility, codes and best practices often
specify that elements such as drinking fountains, lavatories and toilet
seats be mounted at heights according to children's size and reach when
children are the primary users. Where a facility is constructed to
serve children, section 15 requires that certain elements and features
be readily accessible to and usable by children with disabilities.
Therefore, section 15 applies only where facilities, or portions of
facilities, are constructed according to children's dimensions and
anthropometrics.
The phrase ``constructed according to children's dimensions and
anthropometrics'' means where the construction of a facility reflects
the size and dimensions, reach ranges, level of strength and stamina,
and other characteristics of children, thus rendering such a facility
more usable by children. Facilities constructed that do not reflect
children's characteristics are not covered by section 15.
The ANPRM asked what ages or grades should be covered by the
guidelines. Few comments were received in response to this question.
With respect to age, the comments received covered a broad spectrum of
ages from birth to age 21, with a small majority of the comments
recommending a range of 3 to 13 years of age. Those commenters favoring
criteria based on grades, recommended application of the guidelines to
facilities which serve kindergarten through eighth grade. Additionally,
some commenters stated that pre-schoolers, including toddlers, should
also be covered. However, the age used to define a kindergartner,
preschooler or toddler varied among jurisdictions as did age
requirements for particular grades. These inconsistencies made it
difficult to base the application of the guidelines on grade
classification or other commonly used nomenclature.
The proposed rule is intended to cover facilities which are
constructed according to children's dimensions and anthropometrics for
ages 2 through 12. The dimensions and anthropometrics of children aged
2 and older are reflected in many existing state and local education or
building design guidelines and recommendations. Those requirements
specify that certain elements intended for children's use be designed
and constructed for their use rather than for adult use. With respect
to schools or portions of schools primarily serving children over 12
years of age, most states apply design standards based on adult
dimensions and sizes, rather than children's.
Section 15.1 also specifies that accessible elements and spaces
constructed according to children's dimensions and anthropometrics for
ages 2 through 12 shall be on an accessible route complying with ADAAG
4.3 (Accessible Route), 15.3 (Protruding Objects) and 15.4 (Handrails
at Ramps and Stairs). For example, a children's area in a portion of a
community center may have elements and features constructed primarily
for children such as storage units, toilets, or lavatories. Objects
that project from walls along the accessible route are subject to the
provisions covering protruding objects in section 15.3. Where the
accessible route serving a covered children's area includes a ramp,
section 15.4 specifies that a second set of handrails for children must
be provided. An accessible route complying with this section shall also
be provided where individual elements are positioned at heights or
locations based on children's sizes and dimensions, such as a drinking
fountain in a shopping mall. Additional routes serving the children's
area are not subject to the requirements in this section. A note has
been included in the appendix illustrating the requirements of
accessible routes serving areas and spaces constructed according to
children's dimensions and anthropometrics.
Question 2: Should the requirement for an accessible route
complying with section 15.3 (Protruding Objects) and section 15.4
(Handrails on Ramps and Stairs) apply where only one element is
constructed according to children's dimensions and anthropometrics
(e.g., an accessible drinking fountain at a child's height)? Or, would
it be more appropriate to limit the application of an accessible route
complying with section 15.3 (Protruding Objects) and section 15.4
(Handrails on Ramps and Stairs) to portions of the facility that are
constructed for children? Commenters should consider Questions 5
(protruding objects), 22 (accessible route width), 23 (ramp slope), and
24 (ramp length) when responding.
15.2 Reach Ranges
This section specifies reach ranges for the mounting heights of
elements to be accessible to and usable by children. Such elements
include controls, dispensers, receptacles and other operable equipment
subject to ADAAG 4.27 (Controls and Operating Mechanisms) and storage
elements covered by ADAAG 4.25 (Storage) where they are provided for
use by children. ADAAG currently requires that such elements be
provided within adult reach ranges specified in ADAAG 4.2 (Space
Allowance and Reach Range). The reach ranges proposed in section 15.2
are intended to apply only to those controls and operating mechanisms
and storage elements that are constructed according to children's
dimensions and anthropometrics such as student lockers or controls of
displays in children's
[[Page 37967]]
sections of museums. Elements provided for use by adults rather than
primarily by children are not covered by this section.
Section 15.2.1 modifies the reach range requirements of ADAAG 4.2.
Section 15.2 includes a table that lists three design options: A, B,
and C. These options specify reach ranges according to three age
groups: 2 through 4, 5 through 8, and 9 through 12. Section 15.2.2
requires the application of either A, B, or C. Further, this section
states that selection of A, B, or C should correspond to the age range
of the primary user group served. The term ``should'' is used in this
section to permit discretion where accessible elements may serve more
than one age group of children or where the age range of children does
not correspond to the specific age groups listed in the table.
According to ADAAG 3.4 (General Terminology), the term ``should''
denotes an advisory specification or recommendation.
The table in section 15.2.2 specifies high and low reach ranges for
children according to age: 36 inches (high) and 20 inches (low) for
ages 2 through 4, 40 inches (high) and 18 inches (low) for ages 5
through 8, and 44 inches (high) and 16 inches (low) for ages 9 through
12. Consistent with the CAH recommendations, the reach ranges proposed
in this section are the same for both forward and side reach. The reach
ranges specified in the table to section 15.2.2 are to be applied
instead of the 15 to 48 inch reach range required by ADAAG 4.2.5
(Forward Reach), and the 9 to 54 inch reach range specified by ADAAG
4.2.6 (Side Reach). It should be noted that designing according to the
specifications in A would also satisfy the requirements in B and C. For
example, locating certain accessible storage between 20 inches and 36
inches above the finish floor would be appropriate for A (ages 2
through 4), B (ages 5 through 8), and C (ages 9 through 12), thus
making the storage readily accessible to a broad age range of children.
An accessible element mounted at 44 inches above the finish floor
however, may only be accessible to children age 9 and older.
The CAH study recommended a forward and side reach of 20 inches
minimum and 36 inches maximum for all children. However, since the
ergonomic data evaluated by CAH did not conclusively justify limiting
the reach range of children older than 4 years of age to a 20 inch
minimum and 36 inch maximum, the proposed reach ranges in section 15.2
may be more reflective of the sizes and anthropometrics of the age
range of children considered by this rule. Responses to Question 3
below will aid the Access Board in determining whether to retain the
table as proposed, amend the table, or to specify the reach ranges
recommended in the CAH study for all children, in the final rule.
Question 3: Do the specifications in A, B, and C of the table in
section 15.2 accurately reflect the reach ranges of children (ages 2
through 12) with disabilities? If not, what specifications are
appropriate for children using facilities covered by section 15? Where
possible, responses should include anthropometric data or related
information.
Appropriate reach ranges over obstructions are critical to ensure
the usability of controls and operating mechanisms mounted above or on
counters, lavatories and other fixed elements. Current ADAAG
specifications for forward and side reaches over obstructions are based
on adult dimensions and anthropometrics. ADAAG 4.2.5 (Fig. 5(b))
provides that the maximum forward reach shall be 25 inches deep over an
obstruction. Since the height of reach is reduced as the depth of an
obstruction increases, ADAAG lowers the maximum forward reach from 48
to 44 inches for reaches over an obstruction greater than 20 inches
deep. ADAAG 4.2.6 (Fig. 6(c)) specifies a maximum side reach of 24
inches over an obstruction no higher than 34 inches. Similarly, when an
obstruction is greater than 10 inches in depth, the maximum side reach
is reduced from 54 to 46 inches. CAH evaluated ergonomic data on the
depth of reach of children with disabilities but did not provide
recommendations based on this data. The CAH study did provide a
recommendation for the placement of lavatory faucets, which is
discussed further in the analysis of section 15.8.
Question 4: The Access Board and the Department of Justice request
information or recommendations on each of the following:
(a) the maximum horizontal forward reach over an obstruction for
children ages 2 through 4, 5 through 8, and 9 through 12;
(b) the maximum height of elements mounted over an obstruction
(forward reach) for children ages 2 through 4, 5 through 8, and 9
through 12;
(c) the maximum horizontal side reach over an obstruction for
children ages 2 through 4, 5 through 8, and 9 through 12; and
(d) the maximum height of elements mounted over an obstruction
(side reach) for children ages 2 through 4, 5 through 8, and 9 through
12.
Where possible, commenters should provide anthropometric data or
related information to support their recommendations and, if known,
identify impacts on the design or placement of lavatory faucets,
lockers, and other elements subject to reach requirements. Based on
comments received, the Access Board may specify maximum forward and
side reach ranges over an obstruction in the final rule.
Figures 1 and 2 which are set forth below illustrate the
information sought in (a) through (d) in Question 4.
BILLING CODE 4410-01-P and 8150-01-P
[[Page 37968]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP22JY96.001
BILLING CODE 4410-01-C and 8150-01-C
15.3 Protruding Objects
This section modifies the current technical requirements in ADAAG
4.4 (Protruding Objects). ADAAG 4.4.1 currently specifies that elements
mounted on walls, such as phones and light fixtures, shall not project
more than 4 inches from the wall surface if the leading edge is above
27 inches from the finish floor. ADAAG 4.4.1 also specifies that free-
standing objects on posts or pylons may overhang 12 inches maximum if
the leading edge is above 27 inches from the finish floor. The cane
sweep of an adult with a vision impairment generally encounters objects
at or below 27 inches. However, a child's stride is shorter, and his or
her cane sweep is typically narrower and lower. Therefore, a child's
cane will not contact such objects at a point that provides effective
warning. According to the CAH recommendations, children using canes can
detect protruding objects up to 12 inches from the ground or floor
surface. This section reduces the 27 inch height specified by ADAAG
4.4.1 to 12 inches.
Under current ADAAG, elements projecting more than 4 inches such as
drinking fountains and telephones may be mounted at heights or with
side partitions so that the leading edge is at or below 27 inches.
Section 15.3 would require that these elements be mounted or have side
partitions so that the leading edge is no more than 12 inches from the
floor. In order to meet this
[[Page 37969]]
requirement, drinking fountains and other elements which require knee
clearance may have to be located in alcoves or be protected by walls,
partitions, or other features.
Question 5: What are the new construction costs associated with
providing walls, partitions, or alcoves for drinking fountains and
other elements that require knee clearance yet must also be within the
12 inch height for effective detection by cane sweep?
15.4 Handrails at Ramps and Stairs
This section addresses handrails on ramps and stairs on the
accessible route serving children's areas covered by section 15. Unlike
most of the provisions proposed in this rule, this section both
modifies current ADAAG specifications and requires an additional
accessible feature. Under section 15.4.1, ramps subject to ADAAG 4.8
(Ramps) and stairs subject to ADAAG 4.9 (Stairs) that serve elements
and spaces constructed according to children's dimensions and
anthropometrics are required to provide a second set of handrails at a
lower height and with a smaller diameter for children. These handrails
are to be provided in addition to the higher handrail required by
current ADAAG. The lower handrails for children are subject to current
specifications for ramp handrails (ADAAG 4.8.5) or stair handrails
(ADAAG 4.9.4), including requirements for a continuous gripping
surface, 12 inch extensions beyond the top and bottom of ramps or
stairs, clear space between handrails and walls of 1\1/2\ inches,
rounded or returned ends, and the level of structural strength
specified in ADAAG 4.26.3.
The second set of handrails required by this section is subject to
mounting height and diameter requirements that are different from those
currently in ADAAG. Section 15.4.2 requires the gripping surface of
this handrail to be mounted between 20 to 28 inches above the ramp
surface or stair nosing. Under current ADAAG, a handrail mounted at 34
to 38 inches must also be provided. Section 15.4.3 specifies that the
gripping surface of the lower handrail shall have a diameter of 1 to
1\1/4\ inches or provide an equivalent gripping surface. Current ADAAG
(4.26.2) requires a diameter of 1\1/4\ to 1\1/2\ inches. The handrail
requirements for section 15 are based on the CAH recommendations and
are similar to requirements or recommendations in California, Illinois,
Michigan, Texas, and Florida.
Consistent with ADAAG, the lower handrail is required to have a
continuous gripping surface. Where handrails at the adult height are
mounted on top of vertical posts, lower handrails required for children
may have to be mounted aside or off-set from such posts so that the
gripping surface of the lower handrail is not interrupted. Handrails,
including lower handrails off-set from vertical supports, may not
reduce the minimum 36 inch clear width required for ramps.
Question 6: The clear space between the upper handrail required by
current ADAAG and the lower handrail proposed in section 15.3 may range
from 16\3/4\ to 4\1/2\ inches. Does this range of vertical distance
between handrails pose any hazard of entrapment? If so, what vertical
distance is narrow enough or is wide enough to prevent entrapment?
Question 7: Is the clear space between the upper and lower
handrails of 4\1/2\ inches sufficient for children to grasp the lower
handrail? If not, what should be the minimum vertical distance between
the upper and lower handrails when one is mounted directly above the
other?
Question 8: Section 15.4.3 specifies a handrail diameter of 1 to
1\1/4\ inches instead of the 1\1/4\ to 1\1/2\ inches required by
current ADAAG. Steel pipe is often used for handrails on ramps and
stairs. In the building industry, pipe size typically refers to the
inside diameter so that a 1\1/2\ inch pipe handrail may have an outside
diameter close to 2 inches. Under this industry practice, certain
handrails specified at 1\1/4\ inches may have an outside diameters up
to 1\5/8\ inches or greater depending on the specifications of the pipe
provided. Is a handrail diameter greater than 1\5/8\ inches usable by
children with disabilities? Should the guidelines specify a maximum
outside diameter of handrails used by children?
15.5 Drinking Fountains and Water Coolers
This section modifies technical requirements for accessible
drinking fountains and water coolers in ADAAG 4.15 (Drinking Fountains
and Water Coolers). Section 15.5 does not increase the number of
accessible drinking fountains or water coolers currently required by
ADAAG. Section 15.5.1 requires that drinking fountains and water
coolers comply with ADAAG 4.15 except for the requirements for spout
height (4.15.2) and clearances (4.15.5), which are modified by this
section.
Section 15.5.2 specifies a maximum spout height of 30 inches
measured from the floor to the spout outlet instead of the 36 inch
maximum specified by current ADAAG. Since children are smaller and
wheelchairs manufactured for children may have seat heights that are
approximately 1 to 2 inches lower than seat heights on adult
wheelchairs, spout heights must be lower than 36 inches above the
floor. The 30 inch spout outlet height is based on the CAH
recommendations.
Section 15.5.3 requires that clear knee space be at least 24 inches
high measured from the floor to the underside of the drinking fountain
and at least 8 inches deep measured from the leading edge of the
drinking fountain. The 24 inch height is based in part on the lower
height typical of children's wheelchairs and is consistent with the CAH
recommendations. A toe clearance at least 12 inches high, measured from
the floor, is also required. According to the CAH study, this higher
toe clearance is necessary for children since their legs are shorter,
resulting in wheelchair footrests that are typically mounted higher
than on adult wheelchairs. The drinking fountain may overlap the clear
floor space no more than 14 inches. This modifies ADAAG 4.15.5, which
requires a 27 inch high minimum knee space, a 9 inch high minimum toe
space, and permits the fountain to overlap the clear floor space 17 to
19 inches.
Question 9: Are drinking fountains currently available that meet
the proposed requirements for a maximum 30 inch spout height, a minimum
24 inch knee clearance, and a minimum 12 inch toe space height when
properly mounted? If not, what are the design or product specifications
that conflict with these proposed requirements, and are there design
solutions which would provide the necessary knee space and spout outlet
height for children? What are the costs of such recommended solutions?
15.6* Water Closets, Toilet Seats, Grab Bars, and Toilet Paper
Dispensers
This section proposes technical specifications for water closets
for children. It does not increase the number of water closets required
to be accessible within toilet rooms and does not modify the
requirement in ADAAG 4.22.4 that accessible toilet rooms have at least
one accessible water closet. This section provides technical
requirements based on children's dimensions to be used instead of the
current provisions in ADAAG 4.16 (Water Closets), which are based on
adult dimensions. Under section 15.1, toilet rooms required to be
accessible by current ADAAG 4.1.3, which are constructed according to
children's dimensions and anthropometrics, would be required to have at
least one water closet complying
[[Page 37970]]
with ADAAG 4.16 as modified by this section.
The specifications proposed in section 15.6 modify ADAAG 4.16
provisions covering water closet centerline (4.16.2), toilet seat
height (4.16.3), grab bars (4.16.4), toilet paper dispensers (4.16.6),
and flush controls (4.16.5). The CAH recommendations, upon which these
proposed specifications are based, note that the requirements
appropriate for water closets vary according to grade or age. Section
15.6 includes a table that lists three options, A, B, and C, which
provide specifications for mounting locations of water closets, toilet
seats, grab bars, and toilet paper dispensers. A, B, and C correspond
to three age groups of children: 2 through 4, 5 through 8, and 9
through 12, respectively. Section 15.6.2 requires the application of
either A, B, or C. Further, this section states that selection of A, B,
or C should correspond to the age range of the primary user group
served by the toilet room. The term ``should'' is used in this section
to permit discretion where toilet rooms may serve more than one age
group of children, or where the age range of children does not
correspond to the specific age groups listed in the table. ADAAG 3.4
(General Terminology) states that the term ``shall'' denotes a
mandatory specification or requirement. The term ``should'' denotes an
advisory specification or recommendation. The application of A, B, or C
is further discussed in an appendix note.
Some of the technical specifications in A, B, and C of the table
overlap. Thus, the application of specifications similar to both A and
B, or B and C, may facilitate access for more than one age group. For
example, a water closet with a centerline at 12 inches, a toilet seat
at 12 inches, grab bars at 20 inches, and a toilet paper dispenser at
14 inches above the finish floor may be appropriate for A (ages 2
through 4) and B (ages 5 through 8). Similarly, a water closet with a
centerline at 15 inches, a toilet seat at 15 inches, grab bars at 25
inches, and a toilet paper dispenser at 17 inches above the finish
floor may be appropriate for B (ages 5 through 8) and C (ages 9 through
12). This section does not require the provision of multiple accessible
fixtures in toilet rooms serving more than one age group. An appendix
note to this section illustrates these examples.
Question 10: Some of the specifications in the table in 15.6.2
allow for overlap in two of the age groups, but do not provide
measurements that would meet the needs of all three age groups. Are
there alternative specifications available which would provide
measurements that would be appropriate for all three age groups? Where
possible, comments should provide a rationale with supporting data.
The table in section 15.6.2 specifies the centerline of water
closets from one side wall or stall partition according to the age
group the water closet is intended to serve: 12 inches for ages 2
through 4, 12 to 15 inches for ages 5 through 8, and 15 to 18 inches
for ages 9 through 12. The proximity of water closets to grab bars
mounted on walls or partitions is critical for safe transfer to and
from mobility aids. These specifications are generally consistent with
the CAH recommendations and recognize that children's reach ranges are
generally shorter than those of adults. Section 15.6.2 modifies ADAAG
4.16.2, which specifies a centerline measurement of 18 inches absolute.
Section 15.6.2 also notes that the centerline requirements in this
section do not apply to water closets in the 36 inch wide alternate
stall permitted in alterations by ADAAG 4.1.6(3)(e)(ii). The 48 inch
wide alternate stall is subject to the centerline locations in 15.6.2
because such stalls do permit side transfer. The use of alternate
stalls is permitted in alterations only where it is technically
infeasible to provide a standard stall or where codes prohibit the
reduction of the number of water closets.
The table in section 15.6.2 provides toilet seat heights according
to the age group the water closet is intended to serve: 11 to 12 inches
for ages 2 through 4, 12 to 15 inches for ages 5 through 8, and 15 to
17 inches for ages 9 through 12. According to the CAH study, toilet
seats should be lower for younger children, including those with
disabilities, so that their feet reach the floor in order to provide
stability and greater usability. The CAH study further indicates that
young children with mobility impairments are typically assisted in
toileting. Therefore, for young children, maintaining a toilet seat
height that is closer to the seat height of mobility aids is less
critical. For older age groups the toilet seat height is increased to
be in closer proximity to the seat height of wheelchairs and other
mobility aids in order to facilitate independent transfers. The
specifications for toilet seat height in section 15.6.2 are to be used
instead of the 17 to 19 inches required by ADAAG 4.16.3.
Section 15.6.2 requires grab bars serving water closets to be
mounted accordingly for the following age groups: 18 to 20 inches for
ages 2 through 4, 20 to 25 inches for ages 5 through 8, and 25 to 27
inches for ages 9 through 12. These grab bar heights are based on the
CAH recommendations and are to be applied instead of the 33 to 36 inch
height required by ADAAG 4.16.4 and Fig. 29.
Rear grab bars mounted 18 to 27 inches above the floor cannot be
provided where tank-type water closets are used because the top of the
tank is usually above the grab bar mounting location. This is generally
not a problem in adult facilities where grab bars are mounted above
conventional tanks.
Question 11: Are tank-type water closets commonly provided in
children's facilities? If so, what is the difference in cost between
water closets with tanks and those without tanks? Where possible,
responses should include per unit cost and installation costs of the
two types of water closets.
Question 12: Do the grab bar heights specified in the table in
section 15.6.2 conflict with building or plumbing code requirements for
flush control location, size, and height? If so, what accessible design
alternatives could avoid such conflicts and what are the costs
associated with such alternatives?
Section 15.6.3 specifies that the grab bar gripping surface have a
diameter of 1 to 1\1/4\ inches or provide an equivalent gripping
surface, consistent with the CAH recommendations. Current ADAAG
requires a diameter of 1\1/4\ to 1\1/2\ inches. Grab bars covered by
this section, which are also subject to requirements of ADAAG 4.16,
must meet the requirements of ADAAG 4.26 (Handrails, Grab Bars, and Tub
and Shower Seats), including requirements for spacing from the wall of
1\1/2\ inches (4.26.2), structural strength (4.26.3), and surface
(4.26.4). ADAAG 4.26.4 requires grab bars to be free of any sharp or
abrasive surfaces. Some building codes require grab bars to have
textured surfaces (knurled, peened or anti-slip) to prevent hands from
slipping during use.
Question 13: Should a requirement be included for textured grab
bars serving children? What types of texturing are most effective in
preventing slippage and improving grip that are not sharp or abrasive?
The Access Board may consider including such a requirement in the final
rule.
The table in section 15.6.2 provides mounting heights for toilet
paper dispensers according to the following age groups: 14 inches for
ages 2 through 4, 14 to 17 inches for ages 5 through 8, and 17 to 19
inches for ages 9 through 12. This modifies ADAAG 4.16.6 and Fig.
29(b), which specifies a height of 19 inches.
[[Page 37971]]
Section 15.6.4 requires that flush controls be mounted within the
reach ranges for children specified in section 15.2 (20 to 36 inches
for ages 2 through 4, 18 to 40 inches for ages 5 through 8, and 16 to
44 inches for ages 9 through 12) instead of at 44 inches or below as
required by ADAAG 4.16.5.
Question 14: Do the proposed heights for flush controls conflict
with any plumbing codes, industry practices, or design practices? If
so, responses should identify and describe the specific code or
practice conflict.
15.7 Toilet Stalls
This section contains specifications for toilet stalls provided in
toilet rooms constructed according to children's dimensions and
anthropometrics. This section does not increase the minimum number of
accessible toilet stalls required by ADAAG 4.22.4. Section 15.7
modifies requirements in ADAAG 4.17 (Toilet Stalls) for water closets
(4.17.2), stall size (4.17.3), toe clearance (4.17.4), and grab bars
(4.17.6). Under section 15.7.1, toilet stalls required to be accessible
by ADAAG 4.22.4 shall comply with ADAAG 4.17, except as modified by
section 15.7.
Section 15.7.2 requires water closets in accessible stalls to
comply with section 15.6. The water closet centerline specifications in
section 15.6.2 are appropriate only for stalls wide enough to allow
side transfers. See section 15.6.2.
Section 15.7.3 requires standard stalls to have a minimum stall
depth of 59 inches where toilets are wall- or floor-mounted. This
modifies ADAAG 4.17.3 (Fig. 30(a)), which also requires a minimum depth
of 59 inches for stalls with floor-mounted water closets but specifies
a minimum depth of 56 inches for stalls with wall-mounted water
closets. Section 15.7.3 increases the minimum depth because wall-
mounted water closets serving children may not provide adequate toe
clearance. Wall-mounted water closets with adult seat heights of 17 to
19 inches typically provide toe clearance beneath the water closet for
adults. As water closets designed to serve young children are lower
than adult water closets and as children's footrests are generally
higher than adults, toe clearance is not available beneath wall-mounted
water closets serving children.
Similarly, in the case of standard stalls located at the end of the
row, section 15.7.3 specifies a depth of 59 inches in addition to the
minimum 36 inches required for the stall door and for the 90 degree
turn. This modifies ADAAG 4.17.3 (Fig. 30(a-1)), which requires the
same minimum depth for stalls with floor-mounted water closets but
specifies a minimum depth of 56 inches for stalls with wall-mounted
water closets.
Section 15.7.3 also specifies that when alterations are made,
alternate stalls with wall- or floor-mounted water closets have a
minimum depth of 69 inches. This modifies ADAAG 4.17.3 (Fig. 30(b)),
which requires the same depth for stalls with floor-mounted water
closets but specifies a minimum depth of 66 inches for alternate stalls
with wall-mounted water closets. ADAAG 4.17.3 includes an exception
permitting use of alternate stalls in lieu of the standard 60 inch wide
stall in alterations where it is technically infeasible to provide a
standard stall.
Question 15: What is the cost impact of requiring stalls with wall-
mounted water closets to be at least 59 inches deep?
Section 15.7.4 specifies that the front partition and one side
partition of standard stalls of minimum dimension provide a toe
clearance of 12 inches minimum. This modifies ADAAG 4.17.4, which
requires a toe clearance of 9 inches minimum. According to the CAH
study, this higher toe clearance is necessary for children since their
legs are shorter, resulting in footrests that are typically mounted
higher than on adult wheelchairs.
Question 16: Section 15.7.4, consistent with current ADAAG,
requires toe clearance beneath partitions only where the stall depth is
60 inches or less. The CAH study did not consider whether toe clearance
is necessary in stalls more than 60 inches deep, including end- of-row
standard stalls and alternate stalls. Is a 12 inch toe clearance
beneath partitions needed for children's maneuvering in stalls more
than 60 inches deep? The Access Board may include such a requirement in
the final rule.
Question 17: While the CAH study recommended that toe clearance
beneath partitions be at least 12 inches high, it also recommended, as
proposed in section 15.6.2, that toilets serving young children (i.e.,
ages 2 through 4) have a seat height of 11 to 12 inches. The CAH
recommendations do not address privacy considerations concerning
clearances beneath partitions that are as high or higher than the
toilet seat height. Does this toe clearance requirement and toilet seat
height compromise privacy? What design solutions are available that
provide the 12 inch toe clearance while maintaining the privacy of
stall users? Should a wider width of stalls be specified in the final
rule as an alternative to the provision of toe clearance beneath
partitions? If so, what should this wider stall width be? Where
possible, commenters should include any information on the cost impact
of their recommendation.
Section 15.7.5 requires that grab bars be mounted as specified in
section 15.6.2. This modifies the height requirements in ADAAG 4.17.6,
but does not change the length and configuration requirements shown in
Fig. 30. Section 15.7.5 also specifies that the gripping surface have a
diameter of 1 to 1\1/4\ inches or provide an equivalent gripping
surface, consistent with CAH recommendations. Current ADAAG (4.26.2)
requires grab bars to have a diameter of 1\1/4\ to 1\1/2\ inches. Grab
bars subject to ADAAG 4.17 must meet ADAAG 4.26 (Handrails, Grab Bars,
and Tub and Shower Seats), including requirements for spacing from the
wall of 1-\1/2\ inches (4.26.2), structural strength (4.26.3), and
surface (4.26.4). See section 15.6.2 for discussion and questions on
grab bars at water closets.
15.8 Lavatories and Mirrors
This section provides specifications for accessible lavatories and
mirrors and modifies requirements in ADAAG 4.19 (Lavatories and
Mirrors) for lavatory height and clearances (4.19.2), clear floor space
(4.19.3), and mirror height (4.19.6). In toilet rooms, bathrooms,
bathing facilities, and shower rooms constructed according to
children's dimensions and anthropometrics, section 15.8.1 provides that
at least one lavatory and mirror be accessible to children with
disabilities. This does not increase the number of lavatories or
mirrors required to be accessible by current ADAAG 4.22 (Toilet Rooms)
or ADAAG 4.23 (Bathrooms, Bathing Facilities, and Shower Rooms).
Section 15.8.2 specifies a lavatory rim no higher than 30 inches
above the floor and a minimum clearance 27 inches high from the floor
to the underside of the apron. These specifications, like those for
drinking fountains, are based on children's dimensions and CAH
recommendations. This section modifies ADAAG 4.19.2, which requires a
maximum rim height of 34 inches and a minimum clearance of 29 inches.
One comment to the ANPRM from a local school system stated that
lavatories for children without disabilities ages 2 through 5 are
mounted no higher than 24 inches. Some state requirements for
educational or child care facilities specify standard mounting heights
of 24 to 26 inches for lavatories serving young children. Thus, a 30
inch maximum height may conflict with such requirements and may be too
high to be usable by children using crutches and
[[Page 37972]]
by children without disabilities. In contrast, an accessible lavatory
mounted at adult height (e.g., 34 inches maximum) is generally usable
by all adults, including those with disabilities. Where a children's
toilet room has only one lavatory constructed according to children's
dimensions and anthropometrics, this rule specifies the lavatory to be
accessible to children with disabilities.
Section 15.8.2 also requires that the clear knee space beyond the
leading edge of the apron be at least 24 inches high measured from the
floor and at least 8 inches deep measured from the leading edge. Toe
clearance at least 12 inches high measured from the floor is also
required. According to the CAH study, this higher toe clearance is
necessary for children since their legs are shorter, resulting in
wheelchair footrests that are typically mounted higher than on adult
wheelchairs. The CAH study recommended these clearances to enable
children using wheelchairs to approach lavatories and reach the bowl
and faucets. This section modifies ADAAG 4.19.2 and Fig. 31, which
specify knee clearance at least 27 inches high and toe clearance at
least 9 inches high.
Question 18: Are lavatories currently available that meet the
proposed requirements for rim height and knee and toe clearances when
properly mounted? If not, what are the design or product specifications
that conflict with these proposed requirements? What products or design
solutions are available for providing lavatories with 24 inch knee
clearance and a 30 inch rim height that are also usable by all
children, including those with disabilities? Where possible, responses
should include cost estimates for these products or design solutions.
Section 15.8.3 specifies that the required clear floor space may
extend no more than 14 inches beneath the lavatory. The CAH
recommendations, consistent with Florida's recommended ``Building
Standards for Educational Facilities for Handicapped Children''
(Florida Department of Education, 1988) (the ``Florida recommended
standards''), (section 8.5.2.3 (Fig. 8.9)), specify a maximum overlap
of 12 inches. The 14 inch maximum proposed in this provision, however,
is consistent with current ADAAG requirements for knee clearance at
least 8 inches deep and toe clearance no more than 6 inches deep. This
modifies ADAAG 4.19.3, which allows a maximum overlap of 19 inches.
In its evaluation of children's facilities, CAH observed that many
children using wheelchairs positioned themselves aside, and sometimes
between, lavatories in order to reach faucet controls. This was
observed at lavatories of various heights where controls were mounted
at the back of the bowl. The CAH study recommended that faucets be
located within 14 inches of the front edge of the lavatory. The Florida
recommended standards (section 8.5.4 (Fig. 8.10)) permit location of
controls at the front of the lavatory or aside the bowl. The Texas
State Building Code (section 2.1.1, Texas Accessibility Standards,
April 1, 1994) requires that faucets be located no more than 18 inches
from the front edge of lavatories serving children ages 4 through 10 or
11.
Question 19: The final rule may specify that faucets be located no
more than 14 inches from the front edge of lavatories. Is this distance
appropriate or should an alternative distance or location (i.e., aside
or in front of bowls) be specified? Where possible, recommendations for
alternative distances or locations should include rationale and other
supporting data, as well as identification of any potential conflicts
with plumbing codes. Commenters should consider Question 4 (reach over
obstruction) when responding. Information is sought on design
alternatives and new technologies, such as automatic sensors, that
facilitate use of faucets by children.
Section 15.8.4 provides that the bottom edge of mirrors at
accessible lavatories be mounted no higher than 34 inches above the
floor. ADAAG 4.19.6 currently provides that mirrors at lavatories
accessible to adults have their bottom edge no higher than 40 inches.
The CAH study noted that mirrors mounted above lavatories are too high
for many children to use and recommended providing a full-length mirror
in children's toilet rooms, which are commonly provided in elementary
school toilet rooms. The current appendix to ADAAG 4.19.6 notes that
full-length mirrors provide more convenient access than mirrors mounted
above lavatories. A 30 by 48 inch clear floor space should be provided
in front of these mirrors outside the door swing.
Question 20: Should full-length mirrors and clear floor space be
required in children's toilet rooms? Where possible, responses should
include information on the cost and space impact. The final rule may
include such a requirement.
15.9 Storage
This section covers fixed and built-in storage facilities
constructed according to children's dimensions and anthropometrics.
ADAAG 4.1.3(12) requires at least one of each type of storage space or
element to be accessible. Section 15.9.1 requires that these spaces and
elements comply with ADAAG 4.25 (Storage), as modified by section
15.9.2.
Section 15.9.2 requires that storage facilities be within the reach
range specified in section 15.2 for front or side reaches. This applies
to such storage spaces as lockers, cabinets, shelves, closets, and
drawers, and to such storage elements, as clothes rods, shelving, and
hooks. This modifies ADAAG 4.25.3, which specifies a range of 15 to 48
inches for front reach and 9 to 54 inches for side reach.
15.10 Fixed or Built-in Seating and Tables
This section addresses fixed and built-in seating and tables
constructed according to children's dimensions and anthropometrics.
ADAAG 4.1.3(18) requires five percent of built-in seating or tables to
be accessible. Section 15.10.1 requires compliance with ADAAG 4.32
(Fixed and Built-in Seating and Tables), as modified by this section.
Section 15.10.2 specifies that fixed tables shall not overlap the
required 30 by 48 inch clear floor space by more than 14 inches. This
is consistent with requirements for clear floor space at lavatories in
section 15.8. ADAAG 4.32.2 currently allows an overlap of 19 inches.
Section 15.10.3 requires knee clearance at least 24 inches high, 30
inches wide, and 14 inches deep. This modifies ADAAG 4.32.3, which
requires knee clearance at least 27 inches high, 30 inches wide, and 19
inches deep. Section 15.10.4 requires the tops of accessible tables and
counters to be 26 to 30 inches high, measured from the floor. This
differs from ADAAG 4.32.4, which specifies a range of 28 to 34 inches
for this height. The specifications proposed in section 15.10 are based
on the CAH recommendations.
Other Issues
In the course of the development of this proposed rule, questions
have been raised about the effect of other current ADAAG requirements
on accessibility for children with disabilities. These issues are
discussed below.
There is no known data available to enable the Access Board and the
Department of Justice to determine whether additional regulations in
this area are necessary or appropriate. Therefore, the agencies have
not included specific regulatory requirements on these issues in this
proposed rule. The Access Board and the Department of Justice raise
these
[[Page 37973]]
questions now in an effort to determine if there is sufficient data
available to support future regulatory requirements.
Clear Floor and Knee Clearance: Width
ADAAG 4.2 (Space Allowance and Reach Ranges) specifies that clear
floor or ground space 30 inches wide and 48 inches long is the minimum
necessary to accommodate a single, stationary wheelchair occupied by an
adult. This clear floor space is required at drinking fountains,
lavatories, sinks, built-in tables, and telephones. Consistent with
this requirement, ADAAG also requires knee space at least 30 inches
wide beneath such elements. The CAH recommendations, as well as the
Florida recommended standards (section 9.2.2 (Fig. 9.5)), specify that
the clear floor space and knee clearance be at least 36 inches wide in
children's facilities. According to the CAH recommendations, the upper
body strength and maneuvering skills of children are not as developed
as those of adults, therefore children require more space to approach
and position themselves at elements. Increasing the width of the clear
floor space may require additional space between adjacent elements such
as drinking fountains, telephones, and lavatories, or wider alcoves in
which such elements are mounted.
Question 21: Should the minimum width of clear floor space and knee
clearance be increased to 36 inches, or some other recommended
alternative, in facilities constructed according to children's
dimensions and anthropometrics? Where possible, responses should
include information on the cost impact in new construction of
increasing this width to 36 inches or recommended alternatives.
Accessible Route: Minimum Width
ADAAG 4.3 (Accessible Route) requires that the width of accessible
routes shall be 36 inches minimum. The CAH study recommended that
accessible routes in children's facilities be at least 44 inches wide.
In its evaluation of children's facilities, CAH observed children
straying or diverging from a direct line of travel in traversing halls
and corridors and approaching elements and fixtures. The CAH study
attributed this to children's level of strength, stamina, and dexterity
in the use of mobility aids. Most state building codes do not contain
requirements that specifically address accessible routes for children.
However, the Florida recommended standards (section 3.3.3) specify a
minimum width of 44 inches for interior accessible routes. The Access
Board is considering a similar requirement. State building and life
safety codes typically require hallways or corridors to be wider than
44 inches for purposes of egress. Therefore, a requirement for a 44
inch wide route may have little cost and space impact in hallways or
corridors. Routes off hallways or corridors in classrooms, libraries,
toilet rooms, and other spaces would be affected by such a requirement.
This includes routes to accessible study carrels and between library
stacks. Increasing the minimum accessible route width would impact
current ADAAG requirements for widths at turns around obstructions
(4.3.3, Fig. 7(a)), passing space (4.3.4), curb ramps (4.7.3), and
ramps (4.8.3).
Question 22: Should the minimum width of an accessible route be
increased from 36 inches to 44 inches? Where possible, responses should
provide a rationale with any supporting data, and information on the
cost impact of an accessible route wider than 36 inches in new
construction. See Question 2 (accessible route).
Ramps: Slope and Rise
ADAAG 4.8 (Ramps) requires that the least possible slope be used on
any ramp, and that the maximum slope not exceed 1:12 in new
construction. The CAH recommendations and commenters to the ANPRM
considered the 1:12 slope too steep for children and recommended
maximum slopes of 1:16 or 1:20 to take into account the differences in
strength and stamina between children and adults. The Access Board is
currently conducting a research project on ramp slope. Children will be
included in the test sample. The Access Board anticipates that this
research will be completed prior to the issuance of a final rule on
children's facilities and that the results may be incorporated in this
section.
Question 23: What should the maximum slope be for ramps used by
children? Where possible, commenters should provide data to support
their recommendations and information on the cost impact of their
recommendations in new construction. See Question 2 (accessible route).
The usability of a ramp generally depends both on its slope and
length of run. ADAAG 4.8.2 specifies a maximum length of run of 30 feet
for ramps steeper than 1:16 and a maximum length of run of 40 feet for
ramps with slopes 1:16 to 1:20. The CAH study recommended a maximum
length of run of 20 feet for ramps in children's facilities since
children generally do not have the strength to negotiate longer ramps.
A 20 foot maximum length of run for ramps with slopes of either 1:16 or
1:20, as recommended by the CAH study, will limit the rise to
approximately 9\5/8\ and 12 inches, respectively. The ramp research
which the Access Board is conducting will study and make
recommendations on ramp length.
Question 24: Should the maximum length of run for ramps in
facilities constructed according to children's dimensions and
anthropometrics be reduced to 20 feet? Where possible, responses should
include rationale with supporting data and information on the cost
impact in new construction. See Question 2 (accessible route).
Door Hardware
The CAH study recommended that door hardware be mounted 30 to 34
inches from the floor. ADAAG 4.13 (Doors) specifies that door hardware
be mounted no higher than 48 inches, which is generally consistent with
most building codes. According to conventional design practice, door
hardware is typically mounted at 36 inches above the floor.
Question 25: Doors in facilities constructed according to
children's dimensions and anthropometrics are also used by adults. Is
door hardware mounted between 30 to 34 inches above the floor usable by
adults?
Urinals
The CAH study recommended that urinal rims be 14 inches high
maximum and that flush controls be 30 inches high maximum above the
floor, instead of the 17 inch rim height and the 44 inch flush control
height required by ADAAG 4.18 (Urinals). In response to the ANPRM, a
national manufacturer of plumbing fixtures commented that the 30 inch
height for flush controls is not feasible since the average urinal is
27 inches high, and further commented that national plumbing codes
require the flush valve handle to be at least 8\1/2\ inches above the
urinal, resulting in a flush control height of at least 38 to 40
inches.
Question 26: Are there products or design solutions currently
available that meet both applicable codes and the CAH recommended
specifications, including the 30 inch maximum height for flush
controls? Where possible, responses should identify any cost increases
associated with designing or installing urinals to meet the CAH
recommendations and applicable plumbing codes.
Sinks
Sinks provided in spaces for children may serve different purposes
and users. In schools for example, some sinks may serve as a wash
station for children,
[[Page 37974]]
while others may serve as part of a work station for instructors.
Often, one sink is provided for both purposes. The CAH recommendations
included requirements for sinks accessible to children. Similar to the
provisions for lavatories, the CAH study recommended that sinks have a
rim no higher than 30 inches above the floor, knee clearance at least
24 inches high, and that the faucet and faucet controls be located
within 14 inches of the front edge of the sink. Under these
recommendations, sink bowls could be no more than 5\1/2\ inches deep.
These recommendations modify ADAAG 4.24 (Sinks), which specifies a 34
inch maximum sink height and 27 inch minimum knee clearance. Standard
mounting heights for sinks serving young children may be 24 to 26
inches, according to some state requirements for educational
facilities. Thus, a 30 inch maximum height may conflict with such
requirements and be too high for young children.
Question 27: What product or design solutions are available for
providing sinks with 24 inch knee clearance and a 30 inch rim height
that are also usable by young children who are ambulatory? Where
possible, responses should include cost estimates for these products or
design solutions.
Signage
The CAH study recommended that tactile signage be mounted at a
height of 48 inches, while the Florida recommended standards (section
3.20.5 (Fig. 3.31)) specify a maximum height of 42 inches. ADAAG 4.30
(Signage) requires raised and Brailled signage to be mounted 60 inches
above the finish floor.
Question 28: Are signs primarily used by children in children's
facilities? If so, how should the guidelines accommodate adults? Is a
specific height of either 48 inches or 42 inches appropriate for
signage provided for children? Are there other heights which would be
more appropriate?
Wheelchair Seat Heights
The type, size, and specifications of wheelchairs vary widely and,
as with any consumer product, individuals may have a number of reasons
for using one type or model rather than another. The CAH
recommendations, as well as available product information on
wheelchairs, suggest that the average seat height on child-sized
wheelchairs may range from 1 to 2 inches lower than the average seat
height on adult-sized wheelchairs. The proposed requirements in this
rule for the minimum knee clearance height and maximum height of such
accessible elements as drinking fountain spout outlets, fixed tables,
and lavatories are based on the size and stature of children, as well
as the average seat height of child-sized wheelchairs.
Question 29: What is the average age where children begin to use
adult-sized wheelchairs?
Regulatory Process Matters
Executive Order 12866
The Office of Management and Budget has reviewed this proposed rule
as a ``significant regulatory action'' under Executive Order 12866,
section 3(f)(4). Facilities covered by this rule are already subject to
the scoping and technical provisions in current ADAAG. Therefore, with
the exception of additional handrails required on covered ramps or
stairs, this rule does not add new requirements. Rather, it generally
proposes to modify, or questions whether to modify, current ADAAG
provisions when constructing facilities according to children's
dimensions and anthropometrics. The Access Board and the Department of
Justice have determined that the costs associated with the application
of the proposed requirements will have a minimal cost impact on new or
altered facilities constructed according to children's dimensions and
anthropometrics; and therefore a cost-benefit analysis is not required
under Executive Order 12866, section 6(a)(3)(C). However, the agencies
have requested additional cost information in this proposed rule and,
upon receipt of that information, will reevaluate whether a cost-
benefit analysis is required for the final rule.
Regulatory Flexibility Act Analysis
Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act, the publication of a rule
requires the preparation of a regulatory flexibility analysis if such
rule could have a significant economic impact on a substantial number
of small entities. For the reasons discussed above, the Access Board
and the Department of Justice have determined independently that this
proposed rule is not expected to have a significant economic impact on
a substantial number of small entities. Accordingly, a regulatory
flexibility analysis is not required.
Federalism Assessment
The Access Board and the Department of Justice also have determined
independently that this rule will not have sufficient federalism
implications to require a federalism assessment under Executive Order
12612.
Enhancing the Intergovernmental Partnership
Executive Order 12875, Enhancing the Intergovernmental Partnership,
encourages Federal agencies to consult with state and local governments
affected by the implementation of legislation. Prior to the issuance of
this NPRM, the Access Board issued an ANPRM on February 3, 1993. (See
58 FR 6924.) The ANPRM sought comment on general issues and also
requested information on standards and guidelines for children's
environments currently in use, building products and technologies
currently available that specifically serve children, and elements and
features unique to children's environments that may merit specific
attention. The Access Board received a number of comments from various
state and local governments. Those comments are discussed in the
section-by-section analysis above. In addition, the Access Board
specifically contacted the departments of education in a number of
states regarding this rulemaking. Furthermore, the Access Board and the
Department of Justice are forwarding a copy of this NPRM to the
departments of education, state education associations, the state
building code authorities, and other various responsible agencies in
each of the 50 states seeking their input and comment on the proposed
rule. Interested state and local government agencies, as well as the
general public, may obtain technical assistance regarding this NPRM by
contacting the Access Board at (202) 272-5434 or (800) 872-2253 (voice)
and pressing 2 on the telephone keypad or (202) 272-5449 or (800) 993-
2822 (TTY).
Text of Proposed Common Rule
Appendix A to part is proposed to be amended by adding a new
section 15 and by adding A15.1 and A15.6.2 in the appendix to appendix
A to read as follows:
* * * * *
15. CHILDREN'S FACILITIES.
15.1* Application.
This section applies to facilities, or portions of facilities,
constructed according to children's dimensions and anthropometrics for
ages 2 through 12. Facilities covered by this section shall comply with
the applicable requirements of 4.1 through 4.35 and the special
application sections, except as modified or otherwise provided in this
section. All public and common use areas covered by this section are
required to be designed and constructed to comply with 4.1 through
4.35, except
[[Page 37975]]
as modified or otherwise provided in this section. Accessible elements
and spaces covered by this section shall be on an accessible route
complying with 4.3, 15.3, and 15.4. The specifications in this section
are based on children's dimensions and anthropometrics.
The phrase ``constructed according to children's dimensions and
anthropometrics'' means where the construction of a facility reflects
the size and dimensions, reach ranges, level of strength and stamina,
or other characteristics of children. Facilities constructed that do
not reflect children's characteristics are not covered by this section.
15.2 Reach Ranges.
15.2.1 General. The requirements in 4.2.5 and 4.2.6 are modified
by the following provisions.
15.2.2 Forward and Side Reach. The high forward or high side
reach, and the low forward or low side reach shall comply with A, B, or
C in the table below. Selection of A, B, or C should correspond to the
age range of the primary user group.
Forward and Side Reach
------------------------------------------------------------------------
High reach (not more Low reach (not less
than) than)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
A--Ages 2 through 4......... 36 in (915 mm)...... 20 in (510 mm).
B--Ages 5 through 8......... 40 in (1015 mm)..... 18 in (455 mm).
C--Ages 9 through 12........ 44 in (1120 mm)..... 16 in (405 mm).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
15.3 Protruding Objects.
The requirements in 4.4.1 are modified by 15.3. Objects projecting
from walls with their leading edges between 12 in and 80 in (305 mm and
2030 mm) above the finish floor shall protrude no more than 4 in (100
mm) into walks, halls, corridors, passageways, or aisles. Objects
mounted with their leading edges at or below 12 in (305 mm) above the
finish floor may protrude any amount. Free-standing objects mounted on
posts or pylons may overhang 12 in (305 mm) maximum from 12 in to 80 in
(305 mm to 2030 mm) above the ground or finish floor. Protruding
objects shall not reduce the clear width of an accessible route or
maneuvering space.
15.4 Handrails at Ramps and Stairs.
15.4.1 General. In addition to the handrails required by 4.8 and
4.9, a second set of handrails shall be provided complying with 4.8.5
or 4.9.4 and 4.26.2, except as modified by the following provisions.
15.4.2 Height. The top of handrail gripping surfaces shall be
mounted between 20 in and 28 in (510 mm and 710 mm) above ramp surfaces
or stair nosings.
15.4.3 Size. The gripping surfaces of handrails shall have a
diameter or width of 1 in to 1\1/4\ in (25 mm to 30 mm), or the shape
shall provide an equivalent gripping surface.
15.5 Drinking Fountains and Water Coolers.
15.5.1 General. Drinking fountains or water coolers required to be
wheelchair accessible by 4.1 shall comply with 4.15, except as modified
by 15.5. The requirements in 4.15.2 and 4.15.5 are modified by the
following provisions.
15.5.2 Spout Height. Spouts shall be no higher than 30 in (760
mm), measured from the floor or ground surface to the spout outlet.
15.5.3 Clearances. Wall-mounted and post-mounted cantilevered
units shall have a clear knee space between the bottom of the apron and
the floor or ground at least 24 in (610 mm) high and 8 in (205 mm)
deep, measured from the leading edge of the fountain. Clear toe space
shall be 12 in (305 mm) high minimum, measured from the finish floor.
Such units shall also have a minimum clear floor space 30 in by 48 in
(760 mm by 1220 mm) to allow a forward approach to the unit. The clear
floor space may extend a maximum of 14 in (305 mm) underneath the
fountain.
15.6 Water Closets, Toilet Seats, Grab Bars, and Toilet Paper
Dispensers.
15.6.1 General. Water closets required to be accessible by 4.22.4
shall comply with 4.16, except as modified by 15.6. The requirements in
4.16 and 4.26.2 are modified by the following provisions.
15.6.2* Placement. The centerline and seat height of the water
closet and the centerline height of the grab bars and toilet paper
dispenser shall comply with A, B, or C in the table below. Selection of
A, B, or C should correspond to the age range of the primary user
group. The centerline requirements in the table do not apply to the 36
in (915 mm) wide alternate stall permitted in alterations by
4.1.6(3)(e)(ii). The centerline of water closets shall be measured from
one side wall or stall partition.
Specifications for Water Closets, Toilet Seats, Grab Bars, and Toilet Paper Dispensers
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Water closet Toilet seat
centerline height Grab bar height Dispenser height
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A (Ages 2 through 4)........... 12 in (305 mm)... 11 in to 12 in 18 in to 20 in 14 in (355 mm).
(280 mm to 305 (455 mm to 510
mm). mm).
B (Ages 5 through 8)........... 12 in to 15 in 12 in to 15 in 20 in to 25 in 14 in to 17 in (355 mm
(305 mm to 380 (305 mm to 380 (510 mm to 635 to 430 mm).
mm). mm). mm).
C (Ages 9 through 12).......... 15 in to 18 in 15 in to 17 in 25 in to 27 in 17 in to 19 in (430 mm
(380 mm to 455 (380 mm to 430 (635 mm to 685 to 485 mm).
mm). mm). mm).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15.6.3 Grab Bar Size. The diameter or width of the gripping
surface of a grab bar shall be 1 in to 1\1/4\ in (25 mm to 30 mm), or
the shape shall have an equivalent gripping surface.
15.6.4 Flush Controls. Flush controls shall be located within the
reach ranges specified by 15.2.
15.7 Toilet Stalls.
15.7.1 General. Toilet stalls required to be accessible by 4.22.4
shall comply with 4.17, except as modified by 15.7. The requirements in
4.17.2, 4.17.3,
[[Page 37976]]
4.17.4, 4.17.6, and 4.26.2 are modified by the following provisions.
15.7.2 Water Closets. Water closets in accessible stalls shall
comply with 15.6.
15.7.3 Depth. Standard stalls with floor- or wall-mounted water
closets shall have a depth of 59 in (1500 mm) minimum. Standard stalls
at the end of a row with floor- or wall-mounted water closets shall
have a depth of 59 in (1500 mm) in addition to the minimum 36 in (915
mm) required for the stall door. Where provided in alterations,
alternate stalls with floor- or wall-mounted water closets shall have a
depth of 69 in (1745 mm) minimum.
15.7.4 Toe Clearance. In standard stalls of minimum dimension, the
front partition and at least one side partition shall provide a toe
clearance of 12 in (305 mm) minimum above the finish floor. If the
depth of the stall is greater than 60 in (1525 mm), then the toe space
is not required.
15.7.5 Grab Bars. Grab bar mounting heights shall comply with the
heights specified in 15.6. The diameter or width of the gripping
surfaces of a grab bar shall be 1 in to 1\1/4\ in (25 mm to 30 mm), or
the shape shall provide an equivalent gripping surface.
15.8 Lavatories and Mirrors.
15.8.1 General. Lavatories and mirrors required to be accessible
by 4.22.6 and 4.23.6 shall comply with 4.19, except as modified by
15.8. The requirements in 4.19.2, 4.19.3, and 4.19.6 are modified by
the following provisions.
15.8.2 Height and Clearances. Lavatories shall be mounted with the
rim or counter surface no higher than 30 in (760 mm) above the finish
floor. A clearance of 27 in (685 mm) minimum measured from the finish
floor to the bottom of the apron shall be provided. Minimum clear knee
space 24 in (610 mm) high, measured from the finish floor, and 8 in
(205 mm) deep, measured from the leading edge of the lavatory, shall be
provided. Clear toe space shall be 12 in (305 mm) high minimum,
measured from the finish floor.
15.8.3 Clear Floor Space. Clear floor space shall extend a maximum
of 14 in (355 mm) underneath the lavatory.
15.8.4 Mirrors. Mirrors shall be mounted with the bottom edge of
the reflecting surface no higher than 34 in (865 mm) above the finish
floor.
15.9 Storage.
15.9.1 General. Fixed storage facilities such as lockers,
cabinets, shelves, closets, and drawers required to be accessible by
4.1 shall comply with 4.25, except as modified by 15.9. The
requirements in 4.25.3 are modified by the following provision.
15.9.2 Height. Accessible storage spaces shall be within at least
one of the reach ranges specified in 15.2. Clothes rods, hooks, or
shelves shall be a maximum of 36 in (915 mm) above the finish floor for
a side approach.
15.10 Fixed or Built-in Seating and Tables.
15.10.1 General. Fixed or built-in seating or tables required to
be accessible by 4.1 shall comply with 4.32, except as modified by
15.10. The requirements in 4.32.2, 4.32.3, and 4.32.4 are modified by
the following provisions.
15.10.2 Seating. Clear floor space shall not overlap knee space by
more than 14 in (355 mm).
15.10.3 Knee Clearances. Knee clearance at least 24 in (610 mm)
high, 30 in (760 mm) wide, and 14 in (355 mm) deep shall be provided.
15.10.4 Height of Tables or Counters. The tops of accessible
tables and counters shall be from 26 in to 30 in (660 mm to 760 mm)
above the finish floor or ground.
Appendix
* * * * *
A15.1 Application.
Section 15 modifies the technical requirements in section 4.
This section applies to facilities, or portions thereof, constructed
according to children's dimensions and anthropometrics for ages 2
through 12. State and local codes and guidelines, as well as best
practices, often specify that facilities be designed to accommodate
children rather than adults, particularly where children are the
primary population served by a facility. These codes, guidelines,
and best practices may specify lower mounting heights for certain
elements used primarily by children, such as water fountains,
lavatories, and toilets. This section provides accessibility
requirements for these elements and is intended to apply where state
or local codes, guidelines, or best practices specify design for
children.
The phrase ``constructed according to children's dimensions and
anthropometrics'' means where the construction of a facility
reflects the size and dimensions, reach ranges, level of strength
and stamina, or other characteristics of children, thus rendering
such a facility more usable by children. Facilities constructed that
do not reflect children's characteristics are not covered by section
15.
Section 15 also specifies that accessible elements and spaces
constructed according to children's dimensions and anthropometrics
shall be on an accessible route complying with 4.3, 15.3, and 15.4.
Additional routes serving the children's area are not subject to the
requirements in this section. Accessible routes subject to this
section must comply with the requirements for protruding objects
(15.3) and handrails at ramps and stairs (15.4). For example, a
children's area may be located in a portion of a community center
and may have elements and features constructed according to
children's dimensions and anthropometrics, such as storage units,
toilets, or lavatories. Where the accessible route serving the
children's area includes a ramp, additional handrails for children
must be provided. Additionally, objects along this accessible route
that project from walls must comply with the requirements for
protruding objects in 15.3. An accessible route complying with this
section shall also be provided where individual elements are
positioned at heights or locations based on children's sizes and
dimensions, such as a drinking fountain in a shopping mall.
A15.6.2 Placement. The requirements for water closets, toilet
seats, grab bars, and toilet paper dispensers in 15.6 reflect the
differences in the size, stature, and reach ranges of children ages
2 through 12. Section 15.6.2 requires such elements to comply with
the specifications in A, B, or C in the table provided. A, B, and C
correspond to three age groups of children: 2 through 4, 5 through
8, and 9 through 12, respectively. To permit design discretion where
toilet rooms may serve more than one age group, or where the age
group of users does not correspond to the specific age groups listed
in the table, this section specifies that selection of A, B, or C
``should'' correspond to the age of the primary user group. (See 3.4
General Terminology, regarding use of the term ``should.'')
The application of the specifications in A, B, or C in the table
may allow flexibility when designing for more than one age group.
For example, a water closet with centerline at 12 in (305 mm),
toilet seat at 12 in (305 mm), grab bars at 20 in (510 mm), and
dispenser at 14 in (355 mm) above the finish floor may be
appropriate for A (ages 2 through 4) and B (ages 5 through 8).
Similarly, a water closet with centerline at 15 in (380 mm), toilet
seat at 15 in (380 mm), grab bars at 25 in (635 mm), and dispenser
at 17 in (430 mm) above the finish floor may be appropriate for B
(ages 5 through 8) and C (ages 9 through 12). Multiple accessible
fixtures are not required in toilet rooms serving more than one age
group.
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Adoption of Proposed Common Rule
The agency specific proposals to adopt the proposed common rule,
which appears at the end of the common preamble, are set forth below.
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
Office of the Attorney General
28 CFR Part 38
List of Subjects in 28 CFR Part 38
Buildings and facilities, Civil rights, Individuals with
disabilities, Intergovernmental relations.
[[Page 37977]]
Authority and Issuance
By the authority vested in me as Attorney General by 28 U.S.C. 509,
510; 5 U.S.C. 301; and 42 U.S.C. 12134, 12186, and for the reasons set
forth in the common preamble, part 38 (originally proposed as part 37)
of chapter I of title 28 of the Code of Federal Regulations, as
proposed to be added at 59 FR 31816, June 20, 1994, is further proposed
to be amended as set forth below:
PART 38--NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF DISABILITY IN STATE AND
LOCAL GOVERNMENT SERVICES AND BY PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS AND IN
COMMERCIAL FACILITIES
1. The authority citation for 28 CFR part 38 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301; 28 U.S.C. 509, 510; 42 U.S.C. 12134,
12186.
2. Appendix A to part 38 is amended as set forth at the end of the
common preamble.
Dated: July 9, 1996.
Janet Reno,
Attorney General.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
ARCHITECTURAL AND TRANSPORTATION BARRIERS COMPLIANCE BOARD
36 CFR Part 1191
List of Subjects in 36 CFR Part 1191
Buildings and facilities, Civil rights, Individuals with
disabilities.
Authority and Issuance
For the reasons set forth in the common preamble, part 1191 of
title 36 of the Code of Federal Regulations is proposed to be amended
as follows:
PART 1191--AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT (ADA) ACCESSIBILITY
GUIDELINES FOR BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
1. The authority citation for 36 CFR part 1191 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 12204.
2. Appendix A to part 1191 is amended as set forth at the end of
the common preamble.
Authorized by vote of the Access Board on December 22, 1994.
Judith E. Heumann,
Chair, Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board.
[FR Doc. 96-18138 Filed 7-19-96; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4410-01-P & 8150-01-P