[Federal Register Volume 64, Number 134 (Wednesday, July 14, 1999)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 37847-37851]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 99-17766]
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 52
[IL186-1a; FRL-6374-1]
Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plan; Illinois
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Direct final rule.
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SUMMARY: On November 14, 1995, May 9, 1996, June 14, 1996, February 1,
1999, and May 19, 1999, the State of Illinois submitted State
Implementation Plan (SIP) revision requests to meet commitments related
to our conditional approval of Illinois' May 15, 1992, SIP submittal
for the Lake Calumet (Southeast Chicago), McCook, and Granite City,
Illinois, Particulate Matter (PM) nonattainment areas. EPA is approving
the SIP revision request as it applies to the Lake Calumet area,
including the attainment demonstration for the Lake Calumet PM
nonattainment area. The SIP revision request corrects, for the Lake
Calumet PM nonattainment area, all of the deficiencies of the May 15,
1992, submittal (as discussed in the November 18, 1994, conditional
approval notice). EPA is also removing the codification of the
conditional approval and codifying the final portions of Illinois' part
D plan for the Granite City, Lake Calumet, and McCook moderate PM
nonattainment areas. EPA is approved the Granite City PM plan,
effective May 11, 1998, and the McCook PM plan, effective November 9,
1998.
DATES: This rule is effective on September 13, 1999, unless EPA
receives written adverse comments by August 13, 1999. If written
adverse comment is received, EPA will publish a timely withdrawal of
the rule in the Federal Register informing the public that the rule
will not take effect.
ADDRESSES: You should mail written comments to: J. Elmer Bortzer,
Chief, Regulation Development Section, Air Programs Branch (AR-18J),
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 77 West Jackson Boulevard,
Chicago, Illinois 60604.
You may inspect copies of the revision request and EPA's analysis
at the following address: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region
5, Air and Radiation Division, 77 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago,
Illinois 60604. (It is recommended that you telephone David Pohlman at
(312) 886-3299 before visiting the Region 5 Office.)
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: David Pohlman at (312) 886-3299.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Throughout this document wherever ``we'',
``us'', or ``our'' are used we mean EPA.
Table of Contents
I. What is the background for this action?
II. How has Illinois corrected the emissions inventory?
A. Quench towers.
B. Basic oxygen furnace (BOF) roof monitors.
C. Rotary kiln incinerator at CWM Chemical Services.
III. What does the revised attainment demonstration predict about
air quality?
IV. How has Illinois addressed maintenance of the PM National
Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)?
V. What has Illinois done to provide opacity limits for coke oven
combustion stacks?
VI. How has Illinois corrected the wording problems with the State
rules?
VII. EPA rulemaking action.
VIII. Administrative requirements.
A. Executive Order 12866
B. Executive Order 12875
C. Executive Order 13045
D. Executive Order 13084
E. Regulatory Flexibility Act
F. Unfunded Mandates
G. Submission to Congress and the Comptroller General
H. Paperwork Reduction Act
I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
J. Petitions for Judicial Review
I. What is the background for this action?
Under section 107(d)(4)(B) of the Clean Air Act (Act), as amended
on November 15, 1990 (amended Act), certain areas (``initial areas'')
were designated nonattainment for PM. Under section 188 of the amended
Act these initial areas were classified as ``moderate''. The initial
areas included the Lake Calumet, McCook, and Granite City, Illinois, PM
nonattainment areas.
[[Page 37848]]
The Lake Calumet PM nonattainment area is located on the Southeast side
of Chicago, and is defined as ``The area bounded on the north by 79th
Street, on the west by Interstate 57 between Sibley Boulevard and
Interstate 94 and by Interstate 94 between Interstate 57 and 79th
Street, on the south by Sibley Boulevard, and on the east by the
Illinois/Indiana State line.'' (See 40 CFR 81.314) Section 189 of the
amended Act requires State submittal of a PM SIP for the initial areas
by November 15, 1991. Illinois submitted the required SIP revision for
the Lake Calumet, Illinois, PM nonattainment area on May 15, 1992. Upon
review of Illinois' submittal, we identified several concerns. Illinois
submitted a letter on March 2, 1994, committing to satisfy all of these
concerns within one year of final conditional approval. On May 25,
1994, we proposed to conditionally approve the SIP. Final conditional
approval was published on November 18, 1994, and became effective on
December 19, 1994. The final conditional approval allowed the State
until November 20, 1995, to correct the stated deficiencies. Of the
five deficiencies, four apply to the Lake Calumet area:
1. Invalid emissions inventory and attainment demonstration, due to
underestimated emissions from the roof monitors for the BOF at Acme
Steel, the quench towers at Acme Steel and LTV Steel, and the rotary
kiln incinerator at CWM Chemical Services.
2. Failure to adequately address maintenance of the PM NAAQS for at
least 3 years beyond the applicable attainment date.
3. Lack of an opacity limit on coke oven combustion stacks at Acme
Steel and LTV Steel.
4. The following enforceability concerns:
a. Section 212.107, Measurement Methods for Visible Emissions could
be misinterpreted as requiring use of Method 22 for sources subject to
opacity limits as well as sources subject to limits on detectability of
visible emissions.
b. Inconsistencies in the measurement methods for opacity, visible
emissions, and ``PM'' in section 212.110, 212.107, 212.108, and
212.109.
c. Language in several rules which exempts from mass emissions
limits those sources having no visible emissions.
Illinois has since made submittals to correct the remaining
deficiencies. Based on Illinois' submittals, we are now fully approving
the SIP for the Lake Calumet area. At this time, we are only acting on
the portions of those submittals that pertain to the Lake Calumet PM
nonattainment area, because deficiencies concerning the other areas
have been addressed. Our approval of the Granite City PM plan became
effective on May 11, 1998 (see 63 FR 11842), and our approval of the
McCook PM plan became effective on November 9, 1998 (see 63 FR 47431).
II. How has Illinois corrected the emissions inventory?
The first deficiency was an incomplete emissions inventory and
attainment demonstration due to underestimated emissions from the roof
monitors for the BOF at Acme Steel, the quench towers at Acme Steel and
LTV Steel, and the rotary kiln incinerator at CWM Chemical Services. We
pointed out that emissions from these sources were underestimated in
the 1992 emissions inventory.
A. Quench Towers
The emissions inventory issue concerning the quench tower emissions
calculations involved the use of ``clean water'' emission factor.
(Clean water is defined as water with 1500 mg/l total
dissolved solids (TDS.) Dirty water is defined as 5000 mg/l
TDS.) We had argued that, because Illinois' rules allow weekly
averaging and the PM standard is based on 24-hour measurements,
Illinois' quench rule could allow significantly dirtier water than the
1200mg/l TDS limit suggests, and should, therefore, be modeled using
the dirty water emission factor. Illinois submitted records of quench
water TDS concentrations which show that daily concentrations rarely
approach 1500 mg/l, let alone 5000 mg/l (Appendix 2 to Attachment 17 of
Illinois' May 9, 1996, submittal). Based on the information provided by
Illinois, we agree that the use of the clean water emission factor was
appropriate.
B. BOF Roof Monitors
To correct the problem of underestimated emissions from the Acme
Steel BOF roof monitors, Illinois adopted and submitted to the EPA a
20%, 3 minute average opacity limit on the Acme Steel BOF roof monitors
(Attachment 6 of Illinois' February 1, 1999, submittal). Illinois also
submitted a revised emissions inventory, which includes emissions from
the BOF roof monitors. We agree that the revised emissions estimates
are appropriate, given the tightened opacity limit.
C. Rotary Kiln Incinerator at CWM Chemical Services
The final emissions inventory issue was underestimated emissions
from the rotary kiln incinerator at CWM Chemical Services. Illinois
indicated in the May 9, 1996, submittal that this kiln is no longer
operating. Therefore, this is no longer an issue.
III. What does the revised attainment demonstration predict about
air quality?
In the submitted modeled attainment demonstration, which uses 5
years of meteorological data, a violation of the 24-hour NAAQS is
indicated when six exceedances of the 24-hour standard are predicted.
Each receptor's predicted 6th highest 24-hour value is, therefore,
compared to the standard. The 24-hour PM standard is 150 micrograms per
cubic meter (g/m\3\). The highest, sixth highest predicted 24-
hour PM concentration at any receptor in the Lake Calumet nonattainment
area was 119.2 g/m\3\. Thus, the modeling analysis predicts
that the 24-hour NAAQS will be met.
A modeled violation of the annual PM standard is indicated when any
receptor's 5 year arithmetic mean annual PM concentration exceeds the
annual PM standard of 50 g/m\3\. The highest arithmetic mean
annual PM concentration predicted by the modeling for the Lake Calumet
area was 47.01 g/m\3\. Therefore, the modeling analysis
predicts that the annual PM NAAQS will be met.
IV. How has Illinois addressed maintenance of the PM NAAQS?
The second deficiency was Illinois' failure to adequately address
maintenance of the PM NAAQS for at least 3 years beyond the applicable
attainment date. Because of the length of time it may take to determine
whether an area has attained the standards, EPA recommends that PM
nonattainment area SIP submittals demonstrate maintenance of the PM
NAAQS for at least 3 years beyond the applicable attainment date. (See
an August 20, 1991, memorandum from Fred H. Renner, Jr. to Regional Air
Branch Chiefs titled ``Questions and Answers for Particulate Matter,
Sulfur Dioxide, and Lead'') Illinois' May 15, 1992, submittal took
growth into account in the modeling analysis, but did not adequately
address maintenance of the NAAQS for PM.
The attainment date was December 31, 1994. Therefore, Illinois
needs to show maintenance up to December 31, 1997. In the May 9, 1996,
submittal, Illinois used ambient monitoring data to show that
background concentrations of PM were no higher in 1995 than they were
in 1991, and there are no significant trends in background PM
concentrations from 1989 to 1995.
[[Page 37849]]
Illinois concluded from this analysis that the effects of growth on
ambient PM concentrations in the Lake Calumet PM nonattainment area
will continue to be negligible through the end of the maintenance
period. Since the maintenance period has passed, this issue is no
longer relevant.
V. What has Illinois done to provide opacity limits for coke oven
combustion stacks?
The third deficiency was the lack of an opacity limit on coke oven
combustion stacks at Acme Steel and LTV Steel. Because coke oven
operations are generally covered by special opacity limits, Illinois'
SIP exempts coke oven sources from the statewide 30 percent opacity
limit. We approved this State exemption on September 3, 1981. We later
realized that this exemption left coke oven combustion stacks without
an opacity limit. Coke oven combustion stacks in Illinois are subject
to grain loading limits which require stack tests for compliance
determinations. Because stack tests can take months to perform and only
last a few hours, an opacity limit, for which compliance can be
determined by visual observations, is needed to ensure continuous
compliance. We cited this deficiency in the November 18, 1994,
conditional approval of Illinois' PM nonattainment area SIP submittal.
In response to the conditional approval of Illinois' PM plan, the
State adopted a 30 percent opacity limit for coke oven combustion
stacks. However, this rule also includes an exemption for ``when a leak
between any coke oven and the oven's vertical or crossover flue(s) is
being repaired * * *'' for up to 3 hours per repair. The EPA believes
this rule is unacceptable. (See 62 FR 39199.)
In a February 1, 1999, letter, Illinois submitted a revised
construction permit for Acme Steel. The permit, which was issued on
January 11, 1999, includes a 30 percent opacity limit, and states that
coke oven combustion stacks at Acme are not covered by the repair
opacity exemption in 35 IAC 212.443(g)(2).
On May 19, 1999, Illinois submitted a revised Federally Enforceable
State Operating Permit for LTV Steel which includes a 30 percent
opacity limit, and limits the repair opacity exemption in 35 IAC
212.443(g)(2). The permit was issued on May 14, 1999. The permit limits
the exemption to a particular type of repair where the ovens are
pressurized for purposes of detecting and repairing leaks at tie-in
joints. It also limits opacity during exemption periods to 60 percent.
The permit further limits excess opacity to 3 hours per day and 20
hours per month. Mass emission limits continue to apply during repair
exemption periods. We recognize that this type of repair can cause
excess opacity, and that these repairs are necessary at the LTV
facility due to tie-in joints resulting from an end-flue
rehabilitation. The limits in the permit are stringent enough to ensure
that excess opacity during repair periods is kept to a minimum, while
still allowing the repairs to occur. We agree that the limits in the
May 14, 1999, permit correct the previously-cited deficiency. This
issue is resolved as it applies to LTV Steel.
VI. How has Illinois corrected the wording problems with the State
rules?
The final issue from the November 18, 1994, conditional approval
notice involves wording problems in several of Illinois' rules. The
State has corrected these rules, and we approved the revised rules on
March 11, 1998 (see 63 FR 11842). See the March 11, 1998, Federal
Register notice for a discussion of these corrections.
VII. EPA Rulemaking Action
Illinois has corrected all of the deficiencies listed in the
November 18, 1994, conditional approval as they relate to the Lake
Calumet PM nonattainment area. Because Illinois has met all of the
commitments of the conditional approval, we are approving the plan for
the Lake Calumet PM nonattainment area. With this approval, Illinois
has fulfilled all Clean Air Act requirements for Part D plans for the
Lake Calumet, Granite City, and McCook moderate PM nonattainment areas.
Since all issues involving the conditional approval have been
resolved, we are removing the codification of the conditional approval
from the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Sec. 52.719. We are
also fully approving 5 rules which we conditionally approved in our
November 18, 1994, action. These rules, 35 Illinois Administrative Code
212.113, 212.210, 212.302, 212.309, and 212.316 were included in the
conditional approval, but no deficiencies were identified with them.
The rules were later resubmitted by Illinois on June 14, 1996.
We are publishing this rule without prior proposal because we view
this as a noncontroversial revision and anticipate no adverse comments.
However, in a separate document in this Federal Register publication,
we are proposing to approve the SIP revision should written adverse
comments be filed. This rule will become effective without further
notice unless we receive relevant adverse written comment by August 13,
1999, as indicated above. Should we receive such comments, we will
publish a final rule informing you that this rule will not take effect.
Any parties interested in commenting on this action should do so at
this time. If no such comments are received, you are advised that this
action will be effective on September 13, 1999.
VIII. Administrative Requirements
A. Executive Order 12866
The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has exempted this
regulatory action from Executive Order (E.O.) 12866, entitled
``Regulatory Planning and Review.''
B. Executive Order 12875
Under E.O. 12875, EPA may not issue a regulation that is not
required by statute and that creates a mandate upon a state, local, or
tribal government, unless the Federal government provides the funds
necessary to pay the direct compliance costs incurred by those
governments. If the mandate is unfunded, EPA must provide to the Office
of Management and Budget a description of the extent of EPA's prior
consultation with representatives of affected state, local, and tribal
governments, the nature of their concerns, copies of written
communications from the governments, and a statement supporting the
need to issue the regulation. In addition, E.O. 12875 requires EPA to
develop an effective process permitting elected officials and other
representatives of state, local, and tribal governments ``to provide
meaningful and timely input in the development of regulatory proposals
containing significant unfunded mandates.'' Today's rule does not
create a mandate on state, local or tribal governments. The rule does
not impose any enforceable duties on these entities. Accordingly, the
requirements of section 1(a) of E.O. 12875 do not apply to this rule.
C. Executive Order 13045
Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety
Risks (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997), applies to any rule that: (1) is
determined to be ``economically significant'' as defined under E.O.
12866, and (2) concerns an environmental health or safety risk that EPA
has reason to believe may have a disproportionate effect on children.
If the regulatory action meets both criteria, the Agency must evaluate
the
[[Page 37850]]
environmental health or safety effects of the planned rule on children,
and explain why the planned regulation is preferable to other
potentially effective and reasonably feasible alternatives considered
by the Agency.
This rule is not subject to E.O. 13045 because it does not involve
decisions intended to mitigate environmental health or safety risks.
D. Executive Order 13084
Under E.O. 13084, EPA may not issue a regulation that is not
required by statute, that significantly affects or uniquely affects the
communities of Indian tribal governments, and that imposes substantial
direct compliance costs on those communities, unless the Federal
government provides the funds necessary to pay the direct compliance
costs incurred by the tribal governments. If the mandate is unfunded,
EPA must provide to the Office of Management and Budget, in a
separately identified section of the preamble to the rule, a
description of the extent of EPA's prior consultation with
representatives of affected tribal governments, a summary of the nature
of their concerns, and a statement supporting the need to issue the
regulation. In addition, E.O. 13084 requires EPA to develop an
effective process permitting elected and other representatives of
Indian tribal governments ``to provide meaningful and timely input in
the development of regulatory policies on matters that significantly or
uniquely affect their communities.'' Today's rule does not
significantly or uniquely affect the communities of Indian tribal
governments. Accordingly, the requirements of section 3(b) of E.O.
13084 do not apply to this rule.
E. Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) generally requires an agency
to conduct a regulatory flexibility analysis of any rule subject to
notice and comment rulemaking requirements unless the agency certifies
that the rule will not have a significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities. Small entities include small
businesses, small not-for-profit enterprises, and small governmental
jurisdictions. This final rule will not have a significant impact on a
substantial number of small entities because SIP approvals under
section 110 and subchapter I, part D of the Clean Air Act do not create
any new requirements but simply approve requirements that the State is
already imposing. Therefore, because the Federal SIP approval does not
create any new requirements, I certify that this action will not have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
Moreover, due to the nature of the Federal-State relationship under the
Clean Air Act, preparation of flexibility analysis would constitute
Federal inquiry into the economic reasonableness of state action. The
Clean Air Act forbids EPA to base its actions concerning SIPs on such
grounds. Union Electric Co., v. U.S. EPA, 427 U.S. 246, 255-66 (1976);
42 U.S.C. 7410(a)(2).
F. Unfunded Mandates
Under Section 202 of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
(``Unfunded Mandates Act''), signed into law on March 22, 1995, EPA
must prepare a budgetary impact statement to accompany any proposed or
final rule that includes a Federal mandate that may result in estimated
annual costs to State, local, or tribal governments in the aggregate;
or to private sector, of $100 million or more. Under Section 205, EPA
must select the most cost-effective and least burdensome alternative
that achieves the objectives of the rule and is consistent with
statutory requirements. Section 203 requires EPA to establish a plan
for informing and advising any small governments that may be
significantly or uniquely impacted by the rule.
EPA has determined that the approval action promulgated does not
include a Federal mandate that may result in estimated annual costs of
$100 million or more to either State, local, or tribal governments in
the aggregate, or to the private sector. This Federal action approves
pre-existing requirements under State or local law, and imposes no new
requirements. Accordingly, no additional costs to State, local, or
tribal governments, or to the private sector, result from this action.
G. Submission to Congress and the Comptroller General
The Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801 et seq., as added by the
Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, generally
provides that before a rule may take effect, the agency promulgating
the rule must submit a rule report, which includes a copy of the rule,
to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of the
United States. EPA will submit a report containing this rule and other
required information to the U.S. Senate, the U.S. House of
Representatives, and the Comptroller General of the United States prior
to publication of the rule in the Federal Register. A major rule cannot
take effect until 60 days after it is published in the Federal
Register. This rule is not a ``major'' rule as defined by 5 U.S.C.
804(2).
H. Paperwork Reduction Act
This action does not contain any information collection
requirements which requires OMB approval under the Paperwork Reduction
Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.).
I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
Section 12 of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
(NTTAA) of 1995 requires Federal agencies to evaluate existing
technical standards when developing a new regulation. To comply with
NTTAA, EPA must consider and use ``voluntary consensus standards''
(VCS) if available and applicable when developing programs and policies
unless doing so would be inconsistent with applicable law or otherwise
impractical.
The EPA believes that VCS are inapplicable to this action. Today's
action does not require the public to perform activities conducive to
the use of VCS.
J. Petitions for Judicial Review
Under section 307(b)(1) of the Clean Air Act, petitions for
judicial review of this action must be filed in the United States Court
of Appeals for the appropriate circuit by September 13, 1999. Filing a
petition for reconsideration by the Administrator of this final rule
does not affect the finality of this rule for the purposes of judicial
review nor does it extend the time within which a petition for judicial
review may be filed, and shall not postpone the effectiveness of such
rule or action. This action may not be challenged later in proceedings
to enforce its requirements. (See section 307(b)(2).)
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52
Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Incorporation by
reference, Particulate matter.
Dated: June 23, 1999.
Jerri-Anne Garl,
Acting Regional Administrator, Region 5.
For the reasons stated in the preamble, part 52, chapter I, title
40 of the Code of Federal Regulations is amended as follows:
PART 52--[AMENDED]
1. The authority citation for part 52 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.
[[Page 37851]]
Subpart O--Illinois
2. Section 52.719 is removed and reserved.
3. Section 52.720 is amended by adding paragraph (c)(150) to read
as follows:
Sec. 52.720 Identification of plan.
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(150) On November 14, 1995, May 9, 1996, June 14, 1996, February 1,
1999, and May 19, 1999, the State of Illinois submitted State
Implementation Plan (SIP) revision requests to meet commitments related
to the conditional approval of Illinois' May 15, 1992, SIP submittal
for the Lake Calumet (Southeast Chicago), McCook, and Granite City,
Illinois, Particulate Matter (PM) nonattainment areas. The EPA is
approving the SIP revision request as it applies to the Lake Calumet
area. The SIP revision request corrects, for the Lake Calumet PM
nonattainment area, all of the deficiencies of the May 15, 1992,
submittal.
(i) Incorporation by reference.
(A) Illinois Administrative Code Title 35: Environmental
Protection, Subtitle B: Air Pollution, Chapter I: Pollution Control
Board, Subchapter c: Emission Standards and Limitations for Stationary
Sources, Part 212: Visible and Particulate Matter Emissions, Subpart A:
General, Section 212.113; Subpart E: Particulate Matter from Fuel
Combustion Sources, Section 212.210; Subpart K: Fugitive Particulate
Matter, Sections 212.302, 212.309, and 212.316. Adopted at 20 Illinois
Register 7605, effective May 22, 1996.
(B) Federally Enforceable State Operating Permit--Special:
Application Number 98120091, Issued on May 14, 1999, to LTV Steel
Company, Inc.
4. Section 52.725 is amended by adding paragraph (g) to read as
follows:
Sec. 52.725 Control strategy: Particulates.
* * * * *
(g) Approval--On May 5, 1992, November 14, 1995, May 9, 1996, June
14, 1996, February 3, 1997, October 16, 1997, October 21, 1997,
February 1, 1999, and May 19, 1999, Illinois submitted SIP revision
requests to meet the Part D particulate matter (PM) nonattainment plan
requirements for the Lake Calumet, Granite City and McCook moderate PM
nonattainment areas. The submittals include federally enforceable
construction permit, application number 93040047, issued on January 11,
1999, to Acme Steel Company. The part D plans for these areas are
approved.
[FR Doc. 99-17766 Filed 7-13-99; 8:45 am]
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