[Federal Register Volume 68, Number 183 (Monday, September 22, 2003)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 55000-55005]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 03-24085]
=======================================================================
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
Bureau of Customs and Border Protection
19 CFR Part 12
[CBP Decision 03-28]
RIN 1515-AD34
Import Restrictions Imposed on Archaeological Materials From
Cambodia
AGENCY: Customs and Border Protection, Department of Homeland Security.
ACTION: Final rule.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: This document amends the Customs Regulations to reflect the
imposition of import restrictions on certain archaeological materials
originating in Cambodia. These restrictions are being imposed pursuant
to an agreement between the United States and the Government of the
Kingdom of Cambodia that was entered into under the authority of the
Convention on Cultural Property Implementation Act in accordance with
the 1970 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO) Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and
Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of
Cultural Property. The document amends the Customs Regulations by
adding Cambodia to the list of countries for which an agreement has
been entered into for imposing import restrictions. The document
contains the list of designated archaeological materials that describes
the types of articles to which the restrictions apply. The document
also rescinds the emergency restrictions already in place for certain
stone archaeological material from Cambodia. These materials are
subsumed in the restrictions published today.
EFFECTIVE DATE: September 22, 2003.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: (Legal Aspects) Joseph Howard,
Intellectual Property Rights Branch (202) 572-8701; (Operational
Aspects) Michael Craig, Trade Operations (202) 927-1684.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
The value of cultural property, whether archaeological or
ethnological in nature, is immeasurable. Such items often constitute
the very essence of a society and convey important information
concerning a people's origin, history, and traditional setting. The
importance and popularity of such items regrettably makes them targets
of theft, encourages clandestine looting of archaeological sites, and
results in their illegal export and import.
The United States shares in the international concern for the need
to protect endangered cultural property. The appearance in the United
States of stolen or illegally exported artifacts from other countries
where there has been pillage has, on occasion, strained our foreign and
cultural relations. This situation, combined with the concerns of
museum, archaeological, and scholarly communities, was recognized by
the President and Congress. It became apparent that it was in the
national interest for the United States to join with other countries to
control illegal trafficking of such articles in international commerce.
The United States joined international efforts and actively
participated in deliberations resulting in the 1970 UNESCO Convention
on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export
and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property (823 U.N.T.S. 231
(1972)). United States acceptance of the 1970 UNESCO Convention was
codified into U.S. law as the ``Convention on Cultural Property
Implementation Act'' (Pub. L. 97-446, 19 U.S.C. 2601 et seq.) (the
Act). This was done to promote United States leadership in achieving
greater international cooperation towards preserving cultural treasures
that are of importance to nations from where they originate and greater
international understanding of mankind's common heritage.
During the past several years, import restrictions have been
imposed on archaeological and ethnological artifacts of a number of
signatory nations. These restrictions have been imposed as a result of
requests for protection received from those nations and pursuant to
bilateral agreements between the United States and these other
countries. Additional information on cultural property import
restrictions can be found on the International Cultural Property
Protection web site (http://exchanges.state.gov/education/culprop).
Determinations
Under 19 U.S.C. 2602(a)(1), the United States must make certain
determinations before entering into an agreement to impose import
restrictions under 19 U.S.C. 2602(a)(2). With respect to the import
restrictions in the instant case, these determinations, made initially
on August 25, 1999, by the then Associate Director for Education and
Cultural Affairs, United States Information Agency, and subsequently
[[Page 55001]]
affirmed on January 23, 2003, by the Assistant Secretary of Educational
and Cultural Affairs, Department of State, provide the following: (1)
That the cultural patrimony of Cambodia is in jeopardy from the pillage
of the archaeological materials described further below in the list of
designated materials; (2) that Cambodia has taken measures consistent
with the Convention to protect its cultural patrimony; (3) that import
restrictions imposed by the United States would be of substantial
benefit in deterring a serious situation of pillage, if applied in
concert with similar restrictions implemented or to be implemented by
those nations having a significant import trade in such material, and
remedies less drastic are not available; and (4) that the application
of import restrictions is consistent with the general interests of the
international community in the interchange of the designated
archaeological materials among nations for scientific, cultural, and
educational purposes.
The Agreement
On September 19, 2003, the United States and Cambodia entered into
a bilateral agreement (the Agreement) pursuant to the provisions of 19
U.S.C. 2602(a)(2) covering certain Khmer stone, metal, and ceramic
archaeological material ranging in date from the 6th century through
the 16th century A.D. Accordingly, Customs and Border Protection (CBP;
the bureau of the new Department of Homeland Security that includes
much of the former U.S. Customs Service) is amending Sec. 12.104g(a)
of the Customs Regulations (19 CFR 12.104g(a)) to indicate that import
restrictions have been imposed pursuant to the Agreement. The
archaeological materials subject to the restrictions are described
further below.
Restrictions
CBP notes that emergency import restrictions (19 U.S.C. 2603) on
certain stone archaeological materials from Cambodia were imposed under
T.D. 99-88 (64 FR 67479, December 2, 1999). These materials covered by
T.D. 99-88 are subsumed in the recently signed bilateral Agreement and
continue to be subject to import restrictions. Thus, this document
amends the Customs Regulations to remove the listing of Cambodia from
Sec. 12.104g(b) pertaining to emergency actions.
Importation of the materials described in the list below, including
those which, up to now, have been subject to the restrictions of T.D.
99-88, are subject to the restrictions of 19 U.S.C. 2606 and Sec.
12.104g(a) of the Customs Regulations (19 CFR 12.104g(a)) and will be
restricted from entry into the United States unless the conditions set
forth in 19 U.S.C. 2606 and Sec. 12.104c of the regulations (19 CFR
12.104c) are met. For example, these materials may be permitted entry
if accompanied by appropriate export certification issued by the
Government of Cambodia or by documentation showing that exportation
from Cambodia occurred before December 2, 1999, with respect to the
Khmer stone archaeological materials that have been covered under T.D.
99-88, and September 22, 2003, with respect to the Khmer archaeological
materials not covered previously under T.D. 99-88 (See 19 U.S.C.
2606(b)(1) and (2)(B); 19 CFR 12.104c(a) and (c); see also 19 U.S.C.
2606(a) and 2604.)
List of Categories of Khmer Archaeological Materials from Cambodia (6th
c. through the 16th c. A.D.)
Khmer archaeological material of the 6th through the 16th century
A.D. from Cambodia includes the categories listed below. The following
list is representative only.
I. Stone
This category consists largely of materials made of sandstone,
including many color shades (grey to greenish to black, pink to red and
violet, and some yellowish tones) and varying granulosity. Due to
oxidation and iron content, the stone surface can become hard and take
on a different color than the stone core. These surface colors range
from yellowish to brownish to different shades of grey. This dense
surface can be polished. Some statues and reliefs are coated with a
kind of clear shellac or lacquer of different colors (black, red, gold,
yellow, brown). The surface of sandstone pieces can also however be
quite rough. Chipped surfaces can be white in color. In the absence of
any systematic technical analysis of ancient Khmer stonework, no exact
description of other stone types can be provided. It is clear however
that other types of stone were also used (some volcanic rock, rhyolite,
and schist, etc.), but these are nonetheless exceptional. Some quartz
objects are also known. Precious and semi-precious stones were also
used as applied decor or in jewelry settings.
Different types of stone degradation can be noted. Eroded surfaces
result from sanding (loss of surface grains), contour scaling
(detachment of surface plaques along contour lines), flaking, and
exfoliation. The stone can also split along sedimentation layers.
Chipping or fragmentation of sculpted stone is also common.
Stone objects included here come under three historical periods:
pre-Angkorian (6th-9th c.), Angkorian (9th-14th c.), and post-Angkorian
(14th-16th c.). Many stone objects can be firmly assigned to one of
these three periods; some, notably architectural elements and statues,
can be further assigned a specific style and a more precise date within
the given period.
A. Sculpture
1. Architectural Elements
Stone was used for religious architecture in the pre-Angkorian and
Angkorian periods. The majority of ancient Khmer temples were built
almost entirely in stone. Even for those temples built primarily in
brick, numerous decorative elements in stone were also employed. Only
small portions of early post-Angkorian edifices were built in stone.
The architectural elements that follow are therefore characteristic of
pre-Angkorian and Angkorian times. The state of the material varies
greatly, some objects being well preserved, others severely eroded or
fragmented. The sculpture of some pieces remains unfinished.
a. Pediments. Pediments are large decorative stone fixtures placed
above temple doorways. They are triangular in shape and composed of two
or more separate blocks that are fitted together and sculpted with
decorative motifs. The ensemble can range from approximately 1-3 meters
in width and 1-3 meters in height. Motifs include floral scrolls,
medallions, human figures, and animals. A whole scene from a well-known
story can also be represented.
b. Lintels. Lintels are rectangular monoliths placed directly above
temple entrance gates or doorways, below the pediments described above.
They are decorated with motifs similar to those of pediments. They can
reach up to nearly one meter in height and one and one half meters in
width.
c. False doors. Three of the four doorways of a temple sanctuary
are frequently ``false doors''; that is, though they are sculpted to
look like doors, they do not open. They bear graphic and floral motifs,
sometimes integrating human and animal figures. These doors can reach
up to more than two meters in height and more than one meter in width.
They can be monolithic or composed of separate blocks fitted together.
d. Columnettes. Columnettes are decorative columns placed on either
side of a temple door entrance. They can
[[Page 55002]]
be sculpted in deep relief out of a temple doorway and therefore remain
attached to the doorway on their back side. The earliest columnettes
are round and sculpted with bands which themselves are sculpted with
decorative motifs. Later in the Angkorian period, the columnettes are
octagonal in shape and bear more complex and abundant sculpted decor on
the concentric bands. This decor includes graphic designs (pearls,
diamond shapes, flowers, etc.) repeated at regular intervals along the
length of the column. The base of the column is square and is also
sculpted with diverse motifs and figures. The columnettes can reach
around 25 cm. in diameter and more than two meters in height.
e. Pilasters. Pilasters are decorative rectangular supports
projecting partially from the wall on either side of a temple doorway.
They are treated architecturally as columns with base, shaft, and
capital. Motifs include floral scrolls and graphic designs of pearls,
diamond shapes, etc., as well as human or animal figures. They range in
width from approximately 20-30 cm. and can reach a height of more than
two meters.
f. Antefixes. Antefixes are decorative elements placed around the
exterior of each level of temple tower. They are small free-standing
sculptures and can take multiple forms, including but not limited to
graphic designs, animal figures, human figures in niches, and miniature
models of temples.
g. Balustrade finials. Long balustrades in the form of mythical
serpents are found in many Angkorian temples. Often, these line either
side of the entrance causeways to temples. The ends of the balustrade
take the form of the serpent's multiple cobra-like heads.
h. Wall reliefs. Much of the surface area of most temples is
sculpted with decorative reliefs. This decor includes graphic designs
and floral motifs as well as human or animal figures. The figures can
range in size from just a few centimeters to more than one meter in
height. They can be integrated into the decor or set off in niches.
Narrative scenes can also be represented.
i. Other decorative items. Other decorative items include wall
spikes, roof tile finials, sculpted steps, and other architectural
decorations.
2. Free-Standing Sculpture
The pre-Angkorian and Angkorian periods are characterized by
extensive production of statuary in stone. Some stone statuary was also
produced during the post-Angkorian period. This statuary is relatively
diverse, including human figures ranging from less than one half meter
to nearly three meters in height, as well as animal figures. Some
figures, representations of Indian gods, have multiple arms and heads.
Figures can be represented alone or in groups of two or three. When
male and female figures are presented together as an ensemble, the
female figures are disproportionately smaller than their male
counterparts. Some are part-human, part-animal. Figures can be
standing, sitting, or riding animal mounts. Many figures are
represented wearing crowns or special headdresses and holding
attributes such as a baton or a conch shell. Clothing and sometimes
jewelry are sculpted into the body. Though statues are generally
monolithic, later post-Angkorian statues of the Buddha can have
separate arms sculpted in wood and attached to the stone body. Many
statues were once lacquered in black, dark brown, red, or gold colors
and retain lacquer traces. Some yellow lacquer is also found.
a. Human and hybrid (part-human, part-animal) figures. Examples
include statues of the eight-armed god and the four-armed god,
representations of Buddha in various attitudes or stances, and female
and male figures or deities, including parts (heads, hands, crowns, or
decorative elements) of statuary and groups of figures.
b. Animal figures. Examples include bulls, elephants, lions, and
small mammals such as squirrels.
c. Votive objects. A number of more abstract sculptures were also
the object of religious representation from pre-Angkorian to post-
Angkorian times. Examples include ritual phallic symbols and sculpted
footprints of Buddha.
d. Pedestals. Pedestals for statues can be square, rectangular, or
round. They vary greatly in size and can be decorated with graphic and
floral decor, as well as animal or human figures. They are usually made
of numerous components fitted together, including a base and a top
section into which the statue is set.
e. Foundation deposit stones. Sacred deposits were placed under
statues, as well as under temple foundations and in temple roof vaults,
from pre-Angkorian to post-Angkorian times. Marks on these stones
indicate sacred configurations, which could contain deposits such as
gold or precious stones.
3. Stela
a. Sculpted stelae. Free-standing stela, sculpted with shallow or
deep reliefs, served as objects of worship and sometimes as boundary
stones from pre-Angkorian to post-Angkorian times. Examples include
stela with relief images of gods and goddesses, Buddhas, figures in
niches, and other symbols.
b. Inscriptions. Texts recording temple foundations or other
information were inscribed on stone stela from pre-Angkorian to post-
Angkorian times. Such texts can also be found on temple doorjambs,
pillars, and walls. The stela are found in a number of different shapes
and sizes and can also bear decorative reliefs, for example a bull
seated on a lotus flower.
4. Sculpture in Brick
Brick was used mainly in pre-Angkorian and some relatively early
Angkorian religious architecture. Yet, typically, while the bodies of
buildings were in brick, some of the decorative elements listed above--
pediments, lintels, etc.--were in stone. The brick, of light orange
color, was usually sculpted with a preliminary relief, which was then
covered over with white stucco, itself sculpted along brick contours.
Some brick reliefs seem however to have been fully sculpted and not
meant to be covered in stucco. Brick temple reliefs include graphic
design, as well as floral or animal decor. Human and animal figures can
also be represented.
II. Metal
This category consists mainly of bronze objects. No singular alloy
is characteristic of Khmer bronzes, which contain varying degrees of
copper, zinc, lead, and iron. Surface colors can range from dark to
light brown to goldish; a green patina is found on many objects. Some
bronzes are also gilt. Some artwork in silver and gold also survives
but is much less common.
Most objects were cast with the ``lost wax'' technique, by which a
mold of the object is built around a full or hollow wax model; the wax
is then melted out with hot metal, which then hardens in the mold.
Decor can be chiseled into the finished metal surface. The ``repousse''
technique, by which metal is beaten into shape in a concave mold, was
also used.
Most of the objects presented here can be assigned to one of the
major historical periods defined for stone objects above: pre-Angkorian
(6th-9th c.), Angkorian (9th-14th c.), and post-Angkorian (14th-16th
c.). Some pieces, in particular statuary and ritual or domestic
accessories with motifs akin to architectural decor in stone, can also
be assigned to specific styles and corresponding time periods within
the larger historical periods. It should be noted however that, though
the earliest full-sized statues in bronze found in Cambodia to date are
attributed to pre-Angkorian times, metallurgy seems to have flourished
in pre- and protohistoric periods and was indeed characteristic of
cultures situated in southern Cambodia in the early centuries A.D.
Excavations have
[[Page 55003]]
uncovered bronze and gold jewelry, as well as diverse accessory
objects, attesting to a metal industry in this early period.
A. Statues and Statuettes
Khmer metal statuary is comparable to Khmer stone statuary in both
thematic and stylistic treatment. (See general description of free-
standing sculpture above.) Statues can be represented alone or in
groups ranging from human figures on animal mounts to triads, to more
complex ensembles including architectural structures and decor. Though
some colossal statues are known in both pre-Angkorian and Angkorian
times, metal statues are, generally, relatively smaller in scale than
their stone counterparts. Colossal statues can reach more than two
meters in height; fragments demonstrate that one reclining figure
measured some six meters in length. Such colossal pieces are
nonetheless rare.
Statuettes as small around as 15 cm. are common; larger statues
more typically reach around one meter in height. Small-scale statues
are generally composed of a single cast; separate pieces however can be
placed together, for example on a single pedestal, to form an ensemble.
Larger works can be composed of multiple pieces fitted together with
joints which can be concealed by chiseled decor. Only some small
statuettes are solid. Others are composed of two plaques, one for the
front of the piece and the other for the back; the plaques are filled
with a resin-or tar-based substance and soldered together. Larger
pieces are hollow. It should be noted that the Bayon period (late 12th-
early 13th c.) has left more bronze statuary than any other period.
Post-Angkorian bronze statues and statuettes, like their stone
counterparts, take on certain characteristics of Siamese sculpture but
can nonetheless usually be identified as Khmer due to certain types of
decor and bodily form which maintain or develop on a specific Angkorian
tradition.
1. Human and Hybrid (Part-human, Part-animal) Figures
Examples include standing male figures, Buddhas, four-armed male
figures, female figures, gods, and goddesses, all in various attitudes
and dress, including fragments of sculpture such as hands, arms, and
heads.
2. Animal Figures
Animal representations in bronze resemble those in stone in both
thematic and stylistic treatment. Statues and statuettes include
primarily bulls, lions, and elephants with one or three trunks. Other
animals, such as horses, are also represented but are less common. The
only colossal animal images known date to the late 12th-early 13th c.
Other animal figures, such as the mythical multiheaded serpent and
mythical birds and monkeys, are also frequently found as decor of
ritual or domestic objects.
3. Pedestals
Pedestals in bronze often appear to be simplified and reduced
versions of their stone counterparts. One innovation of sculpting the
base in openwork is to be noted.
B. Other Ritual and Domestic Objects
1. Special Objects Used in Ritual
Special ritual objects include bells, conch shells, and musical
instruments such as tambourines, etc.
2. Containers
Ritual and domestic containers include such items as perfume
holders, oil lamps or bowls, and boxes with decorative or sculptural
features.
3. Decorative Elements From Ritual or Domestic Objects
In addition to the decorative accessory items noted below, there
exist insignia finials for banner poles which often take the form of
small human or animal figures.
4. Jewelry
Jewelry, including but not limited to rings, bracelets, arm bands,
necklaces, and belts, could have been worn not only by people but also
by statues. Different types of rings can be noted: Ring-stamps, rings
with ornamental settings, rings with settings in the form of a bull or
other animal, and rings with settings for stones.
5. Instruments
Diverse percussion instruments, including varying sizes of gongs
and cymbals, are made in bronze from ancient to modern times.
6. Animal Fittings
In addition to bells to be suspended around the necks of animals,
common to both the Angkorian and the post-Angkorian periods, various
kinds of decorative animal harness accessories are known in post-
Angkorian times.
C. Architectural Elements
Metal architectural elements include ceiling or wall plaques
sculpted with flowers or other motifs, floral plaques, and panels.
D. Weapons
Metal weapons include bows and arrows, daggers, and spear tips.
III. Ceramics
Khmer ceramics include both glazed and unglazed stonewares.
Stonewares, and particularly glazed wares, are characteristic of the
Angkorian period (9th-14th c.). Khmer ceramics production primarily
concerned functional vessels (vases, pots, etc.) but also included
sculpture of figurines and architectural or other decorative elements.
Angkorian period vessels were generally turned on a wheel and fired in
kilns. Vessels range in size from around five to at least 70 cm. in
height. Glaze colors are fairly limited and include creamy white, pale
green (color of Chinese tea), straw-yellow, reddish-brown, brown,
olive, and black. Light colors are generally glossy, while darker
colors can be glossy or matte. Some two-colored wares, primarily
combining pale green and brown, are also known. Decoration is
relatively subtle, limited to incisions of graphic designs (criss-
crosses, striations, waves, etc.), some sculpted decor such as lotus
petal shapes, and molding (ridges, grooves, etc.); some applied work is
also seen. Most decoration is found on shoulders and necks, as on lids;
footed vessels are typically beveled at the base. Many wasters
(imperfect pieces) are found and are also subject to illicit trade.
A. Sculpture
Ceramic sculpture known to have been produced in Cambodia proper
largely concerns architectural elements. Though some figurines are
known and are of notable refinement, statuary and reliefs in ceramics
seem to be more characteristic of provincial production.
1. Architectural Elements
Some pre-Angkorian, Angkorian, and post-Angkorian period buildings,
primarily but not exclusively royal or upper-class habitation, were
roofed with ceramic tiles. The tiles include undecorated flat tiles and
convex and concave pieces fitted together; a sculpted tile was placed
as a decor at the end of each row of tiles. These pieces were produced
in molds and can be unglazed or glazed. The unglazed pieces are orange
in color; the glazed pieces are creamy white to pale green. Spikes
placed at the crest of roof vaults can also be made in ceramics. These
spikes were fit into a cylinder, also made of ceramics, which was
itself fitted into the roof vault.
[[Page 55004]]
2. Figurines and Ritual Objects
Figurines, statuettes, or plaques can include human, hybrid (part-
human, part-animal), and animal figures. These are typically small in
size (around 10 cm.). Ritual objects found in Cambodia proper are
limited primarily to pieces in the shape of a conch shell, used for
pouring sacral water or as blowing horns.
B. Vessels
1. Lidded Containers
Examples include round lidded boxes with incised or sculpted
decoration, bulbous vases with lids, and jars with conical multi-tiered
lids. Lids themselves include conical shapes and convex lids with
knobs.
2. Lenticular Pots
Pots of depressed globular form are commonly referred to as
lenticular pots. The mouth of the vessel is closed with a stopper.
3. Animal-shaped Pots
The depressed globular form can take animal shapes, with applied
animal head, tail, or other body parts that can serve as handles. The
animal-shaped pot is also found in other forms. Animal-shaped pots
often contain remains of white lime, a substance used in betel nut
chewing. Shapes include bulls, elephants, birds, horses, and other
four-legged creatures.
4. Human-shaped Pots
Anthropomorphic vessels often have some applied and incised
decoration representing human appendages, features, or clothing. The
vessels are usually gourd-shaped bottles.
5. Bottles
This category includes a number of different kinds of vessels with
raised mouths.
6. Vases
A number of different types of vases are grouped together under
this general heading. Some are flat based and bulbous or conical.
Others have pedestal feet. Some are characterized by their elongated
necks. The ``baluster vases,'' for which Khmer ceramics are
particularly known, have pedestal feet, conical bodies, relatively long
necks, and flared mouths.
7. Spouted Pots
These are vessels, usually in the ``baluster vase'' form, that have
short pouring spouts attached to the shoulder. Some spouted pots also
have ring handles on the opposite shoulder.
8. Large Jars
Large barrel-shaped jars or vats have flat bases, wide mouths,
short necks, and flattened everted rims. They are always iron glazed.
9. Bowls
Bowls with broad, flat bases and flaring walls that are either
straight or slightly concave, ending in plain everted or incurving
rims, usually have green or yellowish glaze, although some brown-glazed
bowls are known. Some are decorated with incised lines just below the
rim. Most have deep flanges above the base; some are plain. Small
hemispherical cups on button bases bear brown glaze. Another form is
the bowl on a pedestal foot, most bearing an iron glaze.
Inapplicability of Notice and Delayed Effective Date
Because the amendment to the Customs Regulations contained in this
document imposes import restrictions on the above-listed cultural
property of Cambodia by the terms of a bilateral agreement entered into
in furtherance of a foreign affairs function of the United States,
pursuant to the Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. 553(a)(1)), no
notice of proposed rulemaking or public procedure is necessary and a
delayed effective date is not required.
Regulatory Flexibility Act
Because no notice of proposed rulemaking is required, the
provisions of the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) do
not apply. Accordingly, this final rule is not subject to the
regulatory analysis or other requirements of 5 U.S.C. 603 and 604.
Executive Order 12866
This amendment does not meet the criteria of a ``significant
regulatory action'' as described in E.O. 12866.
Drafting Information
The principal author of this document was Bill Conrad, Regulations
Branch, Office of Regulations and Rulings, Customs and Border
Protection.
List of Subjects in 19 CFR Part 12
Cultural property, Customs duties and inspections, Imports.
Amendment to the Regulations
0
Accordingly, Part 12 of the Customs Regulations (19 CFR Part 12) is
amended as set forth below:
PART 12--[AMENDED]
0
1. The general authority citation and specific authority citations for
Part 12, in part, continue to read as follows:
Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301, 19 U.S.C. 66, 1202 (General Note 23,
Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS), 1624);
* * * * *
Sections 12.104 through 12.104i also issued under 19 U.S.C.
2612;
* * * * *
0
2. In Sec. 12.104g, paragraph (a), the list of agreements imposing
import restrictions on described articles of cultural property of State
Parties, is amended by adding ``Cambodia'' in the appropriate
alphabetical order, and paragraph (b), the list of emergency actions
imposing import restrictions, is amended by removing the entry for
``Cambodia''. The addition reads as follows:
Sec. 12.104g Specific items or categories designated by agreements or
emergency actions.
(a) * * *
------------------------------------------------------------------------
State party Cultural property T.D. No.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * * *
Cambodia.................... Khmer Archaeological CBP Dec. 03-BC28
Material from the
6th century through
the 16th century
A.D.
* * * * * * *
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 55005]]
* * * * *
Dated: September 17, 2003.
Robert C. Bonner,
Commissioner, Customs and Border Protection.
[FR Doc. 03-24085 Filed 9-18-03; 12:01 pm]
BILLING CODE 4820-02-P