[Federal Register Volume 72, Number 30 (Wednesday, February 14, 2007)]
[Notices]
[Pages 7016-7019]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 07-681]
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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
[I.D. 020707B]
National Standard 1 Guidelines; Notice of Intent to Prepare an
Environmental Impact Statement
AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commerce.
ACTION: Notice of intent (NOI) to prepare an environmental impact
statement
[[Page 7017]]
(EIS); request for comments; notice of a public scoping meeting.
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SUMMARY: NMFS announces its intent to prepare an EIS and commencement
of a scoping period in accordance with the National Environmental
Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 to analyze alternatives for guidance
regarding annual catch limit (ACL) and accountability measures (AM) and
other overfishing provisions of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery
Conservation and Management Reauthorization Act of 2006 (MSRA). Such
guidance would be added to the National Standard 1 (NS1) guidelines.
DATES: Written comments must be received by April 2, 2007. A public
scoping meeting will be held at the NMFS Silver Spring headquarters
office on March 9, 2007 (see ADDRESSES) from 9a.m. through 3p.m.
ADDRESSES: The scoping meeting will be held at 1315 East-West Highway;
Room 4527; Silver Spring, Maryland, 20910. NMFS may hold additional
scoping meetings and informal public meetings during the scoping
period.
You may submit comments on issues and alternatives, by any of the
following methods:
E-mail: [email protected]. Include ``Scoping
comments on annual catch limit DEIS'' in the subject line of the
message.
Fax: 301-713-1193.
Mail: Mark Millikin; National Marine Fisheries Service,
NOAA; 1315 East-West Highway; Silver Spring, Maryland 20910.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mark Millikin, National Marine
Fisheries Service, 301-713-2341.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Electronic Access
This Federal Register document is available on the Government
Printing Office's website at: www.gpoaccess.gov/fr/index/html.
Background
The MSRA, signed into law by President Bush on January 12, 2007,
set forth new requirements related to overfishing, including new ACL
and AM provisions for federally managed fisheries in the U.S. exclusive
economic zone (EEZ). NMFS is initiating this action to develop guidance
related to these new provisions, specifically, requirements set forth
under sections 103(b)(1) and (c)(3), 104(a)(10), (b), and (c) of the
MSRA. NMFS intends to revise the National Standard 1 (NS1) Guidelines,
50 CFR 600.310, through a proposed and final rule to incorporate
guidance of these MSRA sections before the end of 2007. Because of
potential policy implications of these MSRA provisions on Federal
fishery management plans (FMPs and plans) and their stocks, NMFS has
decided to issue this NOI. However, as it develops this action, NMFS
will continue to re-evaluate the environmental review and analyses
needed for NEPA purposes.
Public Scoping Process
To help determine the scope of issues to be addressed and to
identify significant issues related to this action, NMFS is soliciting
written comments on this NOI through April 2, 2007, and will hold a
public scoping meeting at the NMFS Silver Spring Headquarters, Building
III, Room 4527, 9a.m. through 3p.m. on March 9, 2007. After considering
comments received during the scoping process, NMFS will either develop
a draft environmental impact statement (DEIS) and proposed rule or an
environmental assessment (EA) and proposed rule. If NMFS issues a DEIS,
it will provide for a 45-day comment period concurrent with public
hearings. If NMFS issues a DEIS, then it will also issue a final
environmental impact statement (FEIS). Following an EIS or EA and
proposed rule, NMFS will issue a final rule in the Federal Register.
Magnuson-Stevens Act
The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act
(Magnuson-Stevens Act) amended in 1996 by the Sustainable Fisheries
Act, is the chief authority for fisheries management in the U.S. EEZ.
The Act requires, among other things, achieving optimum yield on a
continuing basis, preventing overfishing, and rebuilding overfished
stocks in as short a time as possible. Section 301(a) of the Magnuson-
Stevens Act contains 10 national standards (NS) with which all FMPs and
their amendments and implementing regulations must be consistent.
Section 301(b) requires that ``the Secretary establish advisory
guidelines (which shall not have the force and effect of law), based on
the national standards to assist in the development of fishery
management plans.'' Conforming to the NS guidelines (50 CFR part 600,
subpart D) when preparing an FMP, FMP amendment and regulations is
essential to properly addressing the intentions of Congress when it
established and revised the Magnuson-Stevens Act. The NS guidelines,
most notably NS1, are often cited in Court cases, and judges frequently
refer to them when considering the merits of an FMP or FMP amendment
and its regulations.
NS1 provides that ``Conservation and management measures shall
prevent overfishing while achieving, on a continuing basis, the optimum
yield from each fishery for the United States fishing industry.'' 16
U.S.C. 1851(a)(1). As this action focuses on MSRA's overfishing
provisions, NMFS believes that it is appropriate to incorporate
guidance on those provisions in the NS1 guidelines at 50 CFR 600.310.
Ending overfishing of stocks undergoing overfishing, preventing
overfishing of stocks approaching overfishing, and rebuilding
overfished stocks to levels of abundance that can produce maximum
sustainable yield (MSY) on a continuing basis, are essential to
achieving the objectives and goals of the Magnuson-Stevens Act. Ending
overfishing is paramount to more rapid and more certain rebuilding.
According to the NS1 guidelines, overfishing occurs whenever the annual
fishing mortality rate (F) is greater than the maximum fishing
mortality threshold (MFMT), 50 CFR 600.310(d)(2)(i). Continued
overfishing will depress a stock, on average, below the level that can
produce MSY. While some rebuilding of stock abundance can occur if F is
slightly greater than MFMT, rebuilding rates are more rapid when
overfishing does not occur, and rebuilding occurs faster, the more that
F is reduced below MFMT.
MSRA Section 104(a)(10): ACLs and AMs
During the comment period on this NOI, and throughout development
of this action, NMFS will seek input from the Councils and the public
on implementation of the new MSRA overfishing provisions. To facilitate
public comment in the following sections NMFS provides its preliminary
interpretation of the new provisions, followed by an explanation of
statutory deadlines and other timing considerations.
Section 104(a)(10) of the MSRA amends section 303(a) of the
Magnuson-Stevens Act to require that any FMP shall ``establish a
mechanism for specifying annual catch limits in the plan (including a
multi-year plan), implementing regulations and annual specifications,
at a level such that overfishing does not occur in the fishery,
including measures to ensure accountability.'' Species that have a life
cycle of approximately 1 year (e.g., possibly some shrimp or squid
species) are exempt from the requirements, unless the Secretary
determines the species is undergoing overfishing. In addition, the ACL/
AM requirements would not apply if ``otherwise provided
[[Page 7018]]
for under an international agreement.'' Thus, the ACL/AM requirements
may be applicable for some species managed under international
agreements.
Apart from the above exemptions, NMFS believes that section
104(a)(10) requires ACL/AM mechanisms for each federally-managed
``stock or stock complex'' contained in an FMP. Under the NS
guidelines, ``stock or stock complex'' is used as a synonym for
``fishery,'' and is defined as ``one or more stocks of fish that can be
treated as a unit for purposes of conservation and management and that
are identified on the basis of geographic, scientific, technical,
recreational, or economic characteristics...'' (50 CFR 600.305(c)(12)).
NMFS understands an ACL to mean a specified amount of a fish stock
(e.g., measure of weight or numbers of fish) for a fishing year that is
a target amount of annual total catch that takes into account projected
estimates for landings and discard mortality from all user groups and
sectors. Per the MSRA, the ACL must be set ``at a level such that
overfishing does not occur in the fishery.'' Under the NS1 guidelines,
overfishing of the stock occurs when MFMT is exceeded (50 CFR
600.310(d)(2)(i)). Thus, it is important to clarify the relationship
between the ACL and the MFMT. While the MFMT is expressed as a rate of
fishing, NMFS may recommend that FMPs be amended so that annual catch
levels corresponding to MFMT--an overfishing level (OFL)--are specified
along with ACLs in comparable units (e.g., weight or numbers of fish)
to ACLs, to facilitate subsequent monitoring against the ACL. The OFL
would be the maximum amount of annual catch from all sources (landings
and discard mortality from all sectors) which does not result in
overfishing. Once the ACL is reached, or projected to be reached, AMs
established in the FMP will ensure that overfishing does not occur, or
is appropriately mitigated (e.g., through payback provisions).
NMFS believes that the extent of future management success using
ACLs will depend largely upon ACLs being set sufficiently below the OFL
for a fish stock, i.e., the size of the buffer needed between the OFL
and ACL, to reduce the chance of exceeding the OFL. The types of ACLs
used for a stock may vary depending upon the quality of data available
for a fish stock and the fishery management goals. The size of the
buffer needed between the ACL and OFL would depend upon quality of data
available including: Knowledge of the stock's life history;
availability and accuracy of current fishing year landings and
historical landings data; accuracy and precision of fishery independent
surveys; accuracy and precision of fishery dependent data; time since
last stock assessment or update; frequency of stock assessments;
discard mortality; recreational catches; and the extent of knowledge of
the rate and magnitude of success or failure of recent management
measures in ending or preventing overfishing for a fish stock. For
discussion purposes in this NOI, ``data poor stocks'' are those stocks
for which stock abundance is unknown or stock status with respect to
overfishing and overfished is unknown. ``Data rich'' stocks are those
for which annual catch values are known, and estimates of stock
abundance or its proxy are available and sufficient to make overfishing
and overfished status determinations. A broad gradation of data
quality, quantity, and timeliness exists for various stocks which
affects the accuracy and precision of ``overfishing'' and
``overfished'' status determinations.
With regard to ``measures of accountability'' (referred to herein
as accountability measures or AMs) required by MSRA section 104(a)(10),
NMFS' initial interpretation is that they are part of the ACL mechanism
and FMPs should contain AMs for each stock. AMs could also be used for
each fishery sector. Because there are variances in: operation of
fisheries, monitoring of a fishery within a fishing year, and
availability of stock abundance information, it may not be feasible to
set ACLs with the same level of precision for all stocks. AMs thus are
intended to work with their associated ACLs to prevent overfishing of a
stock from occurring. AMs could take the form of inseason management
techniques that prevent the ACL from being exceeded in a given year
(e.g., closures, or restrictions on retention of a stock), and/or
corrective actions that will be implemented in subsequent fishing years
to address overages of a stock's OFL in previous fishing years (e.g.,
reduction of a subsequent year's ACL), and to ensure that overfishing
is ended.
MSRA Section 103(b) and (c)(3): Scientific and Statistical Committees
(SSCs)
Section 103(b) of MSRA includes new provisions relating to SSCs and
peer review processes. Among other things, it specifies that SSCs shall
provide their Councils with ``ongoing scientific advice for fishery
management decisions, including recommendations for acceptable
biological catch, preventing overfishing, maximum sustainable yield,
and achieving rebuilding targets, and reports on stock status and
health, bycatch, habitat status, social and economic impacts on
management measures, and sustainability of fishing practices.'' Section
103(b) also provides for the establishment of peer review processes.
With regard to ACLs, section 103(c)(3) provides that a Council shall
``develop ACLs for each of its managed fisheries that may not exceed
the fishing level recommendations of its scientific and statistical
committee or the peer review process established under subsection
(g).''
NMFS views these provisions as providing the SSCs or peer review
processes with an important role in Council development of ACL
mechanisms. NMFS would expect that SSCs or peer review processes would
not only need to produce calculations of ACL and OFL, but also the
probability that an ACL in combination with other factors such as
retrospective patterns in stock assessments, e.g., overestimating stock
abundance and underestimating actual fishing mortality rate (F), would
or would not result in OFL being exceeded.
MSRA Section 104(c) revises the rebuilding provisions of section
304(e) of the Magnuson-Stevens Act to require that, when a Council is
notified that a stock is overfished, the Council shall -- within 2
years after such notification -- submit and implement an FMP, FMP
amendment, or proposed regulations to end overfishing ``immediately,''
and rebuild the overfished stock in as short a time as possible. NMFS'
preliminary review is that, because an FMP, FMP amendment, or
regulations need to be implemented within 2 years of notification, a
Council would need to submit the relevant action sufficiently in
advance of the 2-year deadline (i.e., approximately one year and six
months after notification) to ensure sufficient time (six months) for
NMFS, on behalf of the Secretary, to finalize and implement the action.
Statutory Deadlines and Other Timing Considerations
Per MSRA section 104(b), the ACL and AM requirements take effect in
fishing year 2010, for stocks determined by the Secretary to be
undergoing overfishing. Thus, NMFS believes that the Councils and NMFS
would have to plan to have ACL and AM mechanisms in place for all
stocks in their FMPs that can be used beginning with the 2010 fishing
year, because it is unknown what stocks NMFS will have determined as
undergoing overfishing just before the beginning of the 2010
[[Page 7019]]
fishing year. Stocks not determined to be undergoing overfishing will
need ACLs and AMs by the 2011 fishing year, including stocks with
unknown or undefined status regarding overfishing (i.e., the new
requirement applies also to data poor stocks).
MSRA section 104(c), which revises the requirements for rebuilding
overfished fisheries, takes effect 30 months after the enactment of the
MSRA, i.e., effective date of July 12, 2009. Thus, any fisheries
determined to be overfished by the Secretary after that date would fall
under the MSRA amendments to the rebuilding provisions of section
304(e)(3), instead of the current Magnuson-Stevens Act section
304(e)(3) provisions. Pursuant to the Magnuson-Stevens Act section
304(e)(3), within one year of being notified by NMFS, that a stock is
overfished, a Council needs to prepare and submit an FMP, FMP
amendment, or proposed regulations to rebuild the overfished stock and
end overfishing. As discussed earlier, under the MSRA amendments to
section 304(e)(3), within two years of being notified by NMFS, anytime
on or after July 12, 2009, that a stock is overfished, a Council needs
to prepare and NMFS needs to implement an FMP, FMP amendment, or
proposed regulations to rebuild the overfished stock and end
overfishing immediately.
NMFS intends to complete its revisions of the NS1 guidelines
pertaining to this action before the end of 2007. Upon implementation
of the final rule, NMFS will review each Council's current provisions
for ACLs and AMs and recommend any revisions it deems are appropriate.
Some FMPs may already contain management measures that will meet the
definition (or forthcoming criteria) of ACLs and AMs. If not, the FMPs
will need to be amended to establish or revise ACLs and associated AMs
consistent with the MSRA requirement and revised NS1 guidelines, by the
relevant statutory deadlines.
NMFS previously issued an advance notice of proposed rulemaking (68
FR 7492, February 14, 2003), and a proposed rule (70 FR 36240, June 22,
2005), to revise the NS1 guidelines. NMFS did not issue a final rule
because it decided to wait to see if the Magnuson-Stevens Act would be
reauthorized before revising the NS1 guidelines. This action is not
expected to make the full set of revisions to the NS1 guidelines as was
proposed in 2005, because of the urgency to establish guidance related
to new provisions in the MSRA.
Issues Under Consideration
In considering potential guidance related to MSRA's overfishing
provisions, NMFS has identified the following list of issues related to
ACLs, AMs, and overfishing. NMFS seeks public comment on the scope of
this NOI generally and the list of issues and potential alternatives
for this action set forth below.
Issues for Developing Guidance for ACLs and AMs
The role of the SSC and other peer review processes in
setting ACLs and AMs
The relationship between ACL and OY
Revision of existing overfishing definitions to include
OFL
Variability in data currently available for each stock
(e.g., data rich, data poor, and stocks with data quality falling
between data rich and data poor)
Setting ACLs for stocks with unknown status
Circumstances in which a numerical ACL can not be set for
a stock, and in such situations, recommendations for adequate and
appropriate alternatives to setting a numerical ACL (e.g.,
prohibitions)
Setting ACLs for stock complexes, stock assemblages, and
similar stock groupings
Variability in the accuracy of management approaches in
achieving target fishing levels
Setting a buffer between ACL and OFL to prevent
overfishing, and how to determine the size of the buffer needed
Establishing the appropriate probability that an ACL will
prevent overfishing for a stock
Establishing recommendations for inseason management
authority and methods to be used as AMs to prevent overfishing
Limiting the extent of overfishing, should it occur
Establishing corrective actions to ensure accountability
in a subsequent year for an overage of the OFL for a stock in a
previous year
Establishing AMs for various sectors of a stock, if an ACL
is subdivided for a stock, and the need to still prevent exceeding the
overall OFL for the stock
Preliminary ACL and AM alternatives
No action. Do not publish ACL and AM guidelines. Councils
are statutorily required to implement ACLs and AMs, but the statute
provides little specificity about the meaning of these terms. Without
guidelines, Councils may develop and submit FMP amendments that the
Secretary determines to be inadequate. Secretarial disapproval of an
FMP amendment will require the Council to modify their amendment and
resubmit it, making it unlikely that measures can be implemented by the
statutory deadline of 2010, for stocks subject to overfishing and 2011,
for all other stocks.
Alternative 2. Develop ACL and AM guidelines that provide
performance standards that ACLs and AMs must meet, but do not provide
guidance on specific mechanisms. Performance standards may be hard to
develop, or it may be hard to adequately judge the degree to which
proposed mechanisms will satisfy the performance standards.
Alternative 3. Develop ACL and AM guidelines that provide
performance standards that ACLs must meet, and develop ACL and AM
guidelines that provide specific guidance on one or more mechanisms to
implementing ACLs and AMs that NMFS considers to meet the statutory
requirement and the standards for Secretarial approval.
Special Accommodations
The public meeting to be held in NMFS Silver Spring headquarters on
March 9, 2007, will be accessible to people with physical disabilities.
Requests for sign language interpretation or other auxiliary aids
should be directed to Mark Millikin (301-713-2341), by March 4, 2007.
Dated: February 9, 2007.
Alan D. Risenhoover,
Director, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, National Marine Fisheries
Service.
[FR Doc. 07-681 Filed 2-9-07; 2:12 pm]
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