Background Material and Data on Programs within the Jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means (Green Book)

[Background Material and Data on Programs within the Jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means (Green Book)]
[Front Matter]
[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

104th Congress WMCP:
COMMITTEE PRINT
2d Session 104-14
_______________________________________________________________________

COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS
U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

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1996 GREEN BOOK

[1996 Green Book] BACKGROUND MATERIAL AND DATA ON PROGRAMS WITHIN THE JURISDICTION OF THE COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS

NOVEMBER 4, 1996

Prepared for the use of Members of the Committee on Ways and Means by
members of its staff. This document has not been officially approved by
the Committee and may not reflect the views of its Members

1996 GREEN BOOK

104th Congress WMCP:
COMMITTEE PRINT
2d Session 104-14
_______________________________________________________________________

COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS
U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

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1996 GREEN BOOK

BACKGROUND MATERIAL AND DATA ON PROGRAMS WITHIN THE JURISDICTION OF THE
COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS

NOVEMBER 4, 1996

COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS

U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

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ONE HUNDRED FOURTH CONGRESS

BILL ARCHER, Texas, Chairman

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Phillip D. Moseley, Chief of Staff

This document was prepared by the majority staff of the
Committee on Ways and Means and is issued under the authority
of Chairman Bill Archer. This document has not been reviewed or
officially approved by the Members of the Committee.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

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U.S. House of Representatives,
Committee on Ways and Means,
Washington, DC, October 31, 1996.

Hon. Bill Archer,
Chairman, Committee on Ways and Means,
House of Representatives, Washington, DC.

Dear Chairman Archer: Since 1981, the Committee on Ways and
Means has published the Green Book, which presents background
material and statistical data on the major entitlement programs
and other activities within the Committee's jurisdiction.
Information on major social programs outside the Committee's
jurisdiction is also included.
Since its inception 15 years ago, the Green Book has become
a valuable resource for Members of the Committee, other Members
of Congress, analysts in the various legislative agencies,
officials in the executive departments that administer
children's programs, scholars who study these programs, and
citizens interested in government social programs.
On behalf of all those who worked on this, the 15th
edition, I am pleased to transmit to you and other Members of
the Committee on Ways and Means the 1996 Green Book.
The Committee staff who worked on the 1996 Green Book wish
to call to your attention, and to the attention of Green Book
users, the superb help we have received from many individuals
and organizations. These include:

The Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress:
David Koitz, Coordinator
Jennifer O'Sullivan, Coordinator (Health Programs)

Vee Burke Frances Larkins Dennis Snook
Larry Eig Carolyn Merck Carmen Solomon-
Gene Falk Christina Miller Fears
Melvina Ford Jennifer Neisner Karen Spar
Molly Forman Richard Price James Storey
Celinda Franco Patrick Purcell Joyce Vialet
Thomas E. Gabe Joe Richardson Ruth Wasem
Geoffrey Kollmann Alexandra Salinas Heidi Yacker
William Krouse Madeleine Smith

The Congressional Budget Office:
Murray Ross, Coordinator

Sandra Christensen Bruce Vavrichek Jennifer Winkler
Carla Pedone Roberton Williams

The Census Bureau of the Department of Commerce:
Chuck Nelson, Coordinator

Eleanor Baugher Martin O'Connell Linda Showalter
Rosalind Bruno Arlene Saluter Denise Smith
Annetta Clark-Smith Kathleen Short Gregory Spencer

The Department of Health and Human Services:
Wendell Primus, Coordinator

Lisa K. Bernhardt Gerald A. Joireman James H. Rich
Maria Diacogiannis Andrea Kopstein Richard J. Silva
John A. Gaudiosi George D. Lintzeris Clarence Small
Renee R. Jackson Kathryn G. Moss

The Department of Labor:
Richard Hobbie, Coordinator

Virginia Chupp Curtis Kooser Diana Runner
Russell T. Kile Michael Miller

The Social Security Administration:
Webster Phillips, Coordinator

Judy Chesser Carl Durham

The Physician Payment Review Commission:
David Colby, Coordinator

The Prospective Payment Assessment Commission:
Stuart Gutterman, Coordinator

Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation:
Joseph Grant, Coordinator

Michael Rae

The Joint Committee on Taxation:
Kenneth J. Kies, Coordinator

Railroad Retirement Board Staff

Many members of the Committee's majority staff made major
contributions to the preparation and publication of this
document. Ron Haskins, Staff Director of the Subcommittee on
Human Resources, assisted by Matt Weidinger and Cassie Statuto
Bevan of the Subcommittee staff, edited the 1996 Green Book.
Scot Smith, also a member of the Subcommittee staff,
coordinated our contacts with all the Federal agencies and
prepared or supervised preparation of all the tables. Margaret
Pratt of the Subcommittee staff, along with Suzanne Kayne,
Queenie Long, and Linda Swift of the Government Printing
Office, prepared the many versions of the individual chapters
and appendixes. Other staff members who assisted with
individual chapters or appendixes included: Thelma J. Askey,
Darren Bearson, Scott Brenner, James D. Clark, Crissie Curtis,
Pete Davila, Angela Ellard, Mary Anne Gee, Richard Gelles,
Elise Gemeinhardt, Allison Giles, Timothy L. Hanford, John
Harrington, Kim Hildred, Charles N. (Chip) Kahn III, Kacki
Keith, Chris Mann, David Manns, William (Mac) McKenney, Kathy
Means, Norah H. Moseley, Valerie Nixon, Chris Smith, Donna
Steele Flynn, and Stephen Whitaker.
Any suggestions about the organization, content, or
presentation of material in this edition of the Green Book are
welcome and will be considered in the preparation of subsequent
editions.
Sincerely,
Phillip D. Moseley,
Chief of Staff.

P R E F A C E

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After 13 previous editions, the Green Book has become a
standard reference source on American social policy. It is
widely used by Members of Congress and their staffs, program
analysts in Congressional agencies, members of the media,
scholars, and citizens interested in the Nation's social
policy.
This edition of the Green Book follows the basic pattern of
previous editions. Thus, the volume is divided into two major
sections, Program Descriptions and Appendixes. In the first
section, separate chapters are devoted to the major programs
under jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means: Social
Security, Railroad Retirement, Medicare, Supplemental Security
Income, Unemployment Compensation, Railroad Unemployment
Compensation, Trade Adjustment Assistance, Aid to Families with
Dependent Children, Child Support Enforcement, child care, the
Title XX Social Services Block Grant, child protection, social
programs in the territories, tax provisions that confer social
benefits, the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, and a final
chapter that summarizes major social programs that are not
under jurisdiction of the Committee (including food stamps,
Medicaid, housing, school lunch and breakfast, the Special
Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and
Children, the Job Training Partnership Act, Head Start, low-
income home energy assistance, veterans benefits, and workers'
compensation).
The appendixes include information directly related to the
programs under Committee jurisdiction, including but not
limited to, health care of the elderly, health care
expenditures, Medicare reimbursement of hospitals and
physicians, employment and unemployment, earnings, family
demographics, poverty, benefits available to noncitizens, and
Federal spending.
This year's Green Book contains several new features.
Perhaps the most important is a greatly expanded index. Due to
publication deadlines, information from the appendixes is not
included in the index. This edition also includes an outline of
contents at the beginning of each section to provide readers
with a preview of material contained in the section and a
summary of the section's organization. Several of the sections,
including those on Social Security, Aid to Families with
Dependent Children, Child Support Enforcement, child care, and
child protection have been extensively revised and rewritten.
The section on Social Security contains the information
presented in three separate chapters in previous editions. In
addition, new appendixes on social spending and benefits
available to noncitizens have been added.
With a few exceptions, this edition does not reflect
changes in law enacted by the second session of the 104th
Congress. As this edition of the Green Book neared completion,
Congress passed Public Law 104-193, the Personal Responsibility
and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996. This
legislation, signed into law on August 22, 1996 by President
Clinton, contains major changes in the Aid to Families with
Dependent Children Program, child care programs, the
Supplemental Security Income Program, Title XX, and several
other programs described in the Green Book. Rather than
revising this year's edition to reflect all the program changes
made by the new law and thereby delaying production, the
original program descriptions were left intact and a detailed
summary of the new law was added (see appendix L). The next
edition of the Green Book will include descriptions of changes
made by the new law in each of the relevant program sections.

C O N T E N T S

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Page
Letter of Transmittal............................................ iii

Preface.......................................................... v

P R O G R A M D E S C R I P T I O N S

Section 1. Social Security: The Old-Age, Survivors, and
Disability Insurance (OASDI) Programs.......................... 1
Section 2. Railroad Retirement System............................ 117
Section 3. Medicare.............................................. 131
Section 4. Supplemental Security Income (SSI).................... 257
Section 5. Unemployment Compensation............................. 327
Section 6. Railroad Unemployment Compensation System............. 361
Section 7. Trade Adjustment Assistance........................... 369
Section 8. Aid to Families with Dependent Children and Related
Programs (Title IV-A).......................................... 383
Section 9. Child Support Enforcement Program..................... 529
Section 10. Child Care........................................... 625
Section 11. Title XX Social Services Block Grant Program......... 679
Section 12. Child Protection, Foster Care, and Adoption
Assistance..................................................... 691
Section 13. Federal Social Welfare Programs in Outlying Areas.... 767
Section 14. Tax Provisions Related to Retirement, Health,
Poverty, Employment, Disability and Other Social Issues........ 773
Section 15. The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation............. 837
Section 16. Other Programs....................................... 853

A P P E N D I X E S

Appendix A. Data on the Elderly.................................. 953
Appendix B. Health Status, Insurance, and Expenditures of the
Elderly, and Background Data on Long-Term Care................. 967
Appendix C. National and International Health Care Expenditures
and Health Insurance Coverage.................................. 993
Appendix D. Medicare Reimbursement to Hospitals.................. 1039
Appendix E. Medicare Reimbursement to Physicians................. 1111
Appendix F. Data on Employment, Earnings, and Unemployment....... 1159
Appendix G. Data on Families..................................... 1177
Appendix H. Data on Poverty...................................... 1221
Appendix I. Budget Tables........................................ 1265
Appendix J. Noncitizens.......................................... 1295
Appendix K. Spending for Income-Tested Benefits, Fiscal Years
1968-94........................................................ 1315
Appendix L. Summary of Welfare Reforms Made by Public Law 104-
193, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity
Reconciliation Act and Associated Legislation.................. 1325

Index............................................................ 1419