[Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: George W. Bush (2008, Book II)]
[October 7, 2008]
[Pages 1279-1288]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office www.gpo.gov]
Remarks on the National Economy and a Question-and-Answer Session in
Chantilly, Virginia
October 7, 2008
The President. Thank you all. Thank you very much. David, thank you for the introduction, and thank you for the
warm welcome. I'm pleased to be here at Guernsey Office Products. I want
to thank all of you all for working hard to make this visit as
comfortable as it is. It's not easy to host the President; I understand.
[Laughter] But thank you very much, David, for being an entrepreneur, a
dreamer, a doer, and for providing people stable work.
It's interesting to know that Guernsey is a trusted name throughout
the Washington area. You sell everything from office supplies to coffee
products to furnishings. David's a good
marketer. He said, ``Listen, I understand you're going to be retiring
here pretty soon.'' [Laughter] ``Do you need some furniture in your new
digs in Texas?'' [Laughter]
I met David at the White House earlier,
and I--it was my honor to welcome him to the White House compound. And I
appreciate you welcoming me here to your business.
I know that small businesses like Guernsey around the Nation are
feeling the impact of the financial crisis. And I appreciate you giving
me a chance to come and visit with you about what the Government is
going to do, how we're going to address the challenge, and how we're
going to get this economy back on track.
There's no doubt that people from all walks of life and all aspects
understand that we're having serious times. Families are squeezed by the
high price of gasoline and feeling the pinch of food prices and monthly
mortgage payments. Workers are anxious about whether their paychecks
will stretch. Some workers are anxious about whether or not they're
going to keep their jobs.
We also know that we're the most dynamic economy in the world, that
we have been through tough times before, and that we're going to come
through this time again. Our entrepreneurial system has delivered
unparalleled levels of productivity and growth and prosperity. During my
Presidency, we have faced tough times after the terrorist attack of 9/
11, and we came through strongly. And we're going to come through this.
No question, the times are tough, but no question, America will emerge.
And yet we got some work to do, and that's what I want to share with
you.
The immediate challenge facing the economy is a lack of credit. The
problem
[[Page 1280]]
became clear when the housing market declined and complex financial
assets related to home mortgages dropped in value. People put together
securities based upon mortgages, and when the mortgages' value went
down, so did those securities. And this led banks that owned the
securities to suffer losses. And then they found themselves short on
capital. Some banks have failed. And other banks, in reaction, have
restricted lending to businesses and to each other. And that's the
definition of a credit crunch: People just are not lending.
Nations around the world, especially in Europe, are facing severe
credit shortages of their own. So this isn't a problem just in the
United States; it's a problem that is worldwide.
To some people, the credit crunch might sound just simply like
technical talk; it's a technical matter. But the people who work in
Guernsey, you understand that credit is the fuel that drives economic
expansion and job creation. And here's how. See, when credit runs dry in
one part of our economy, there's a chain reaction. So you want to sell a
desk to somebody. That person needs to borrow the money in the short
term to buy the desk. And yet because the credit has tightened, because
of some banks aren't lending, a potential customer doesn't have the
money to buy your desk, and that affects you. So a lot of the talk that
you're hearing about credit crunches applies directly to your business
here at Guernsey. It hurts your suppliers; it affects the entire
economy.
Similar stories play out not only in businesses like Guernsey, but
all across the economy. And if the credit crunch were allowed to worsen,
the outcome would become much worse, with widespread job losses, and
this country could be in a--possibly a painful and deep recession.
So I decided to do something about it. As you know, I'm a market-
oriented person. I believe markets ought to be allowed to work, until I
was convinced that this time the Government needed to act and needed to
act boldly in the face of a significant problem. So I went to Congress,
and I asked Congress to pass a rescue package. And there were some tough
moments in the negotiations, as you might remember. Nevertheless,
Republicans and Democrats did come together to pass a good bill that
will enable us to handle this challenge head on.
Now, the plan will provide the Government a range of tools to help
banks rebuild capital, for example, so they can help move credit that
will enable people to buy your desks, that it will make it more likely
people are going to have less job insecurity. When you're building desks
and selling desks, you find work, and you keep work.
The bill ensures that responsible, hard-working Americans are
protected. I mean, one thing is for certain: We don't want your money to
reward failed executives. There's oversight as the bill gets
implemented. In other words, people in Washington will worry whether
there's too much power in the Treasury; therefore, let's have reasonable
oversight. And I agree. I think that makes a lot of sense.
It temporarily expands Federal insurance; bank and credit union
deposits of up to $250,000. That's important. In essence, it's a
safeguard for a lot of small businesses and a lot of families. In other
words, if you've got cash in a bank of up to $250,000, it's safe. The
FDIC has never failed to make good on its promise, and it won't fail to
make good on its promise.
And these are urgently needed steps. They will help bring stability
to the volatile markets. They'll help protect 401(k)s and retirement
accounts. And as the markets begin to stabilize, it will help markets
overseas.
I have been in close contact with European leaders--I was on the
phone with them this morning--to ensure that our actions are closely
coordinated. We live in a globalized world. We want to make sure that
we're effective at what we do. Once we made the decision that there is a
role
[[Page 1281]]
for the Federal Government to move to stabilize the markets, we want to
make sure that all of us move in the best coordinated way as possible.
Interestingly enough, the finance ministers from the G-7 and other
leading nations will be here in Washington this weekend to make sure
that the response is coordinated.
It's going to take time for these actions that I've described to you
in the bill to have full effect. You want to make sure that when we
move, we move effectively. You want to make sure that the plan is well
thought out and well delivered. Thawing the freeze in the financial
system is not going to happen overnight, but it will be a process that
unfolds over several stages. And obviously, the first stage began last
Friday, when I signed the rescue package into law.
And so the Treasury Department is moving aggressively to implement
the new authorities. In the meantime, the Federal Reserve and the FDIC
will use their powers to help stabilize the markets. Just this morning,
the Federal Reserve announced action to provide additional liquidity to
credit markets. The Federal Government moved--Federal Reserve moved to
try to free up liquidity so that this credit crisis begins to unwind.
A few weeks from now, the main elements of the new legislation will
begin to kick into gear. And as banks rebuild their capital, they'll be
able to increase lending to each other and begin approving new loans for
families and businesses. It's not going to happen all at once; it will
be a gradual process, and it's going to take time to have its full
effect.
As the banking sector and the market for troubled assets recover,
the Government will begin to recoup some of the taxpayers' funds
invested in the recovery. In other words, some of these assets that were
taken are at a depressed value. Homeownership--homeowners--home prices
are down, the value of the assets are down. Eventually, we expect that
much, if not all, of the tax dollars will be recouped.
The financial troubles are the most urgent challenges facing our
economy today, but they're not the only ones. And we'll spend a little
time talking about them, and then I'll be glad to answer some questions,
if you have any.
One pressing concern is obviously the cost of energy. The cost of
energy affects families, but it affects businesses as well, like
Guernsey, which rely on energy to ship and make your products. High
energy costs obviously are attributable to the high price of oil and
natural gas. And that's why this administration, in working with
Congress, has dramatically expanded funding for research into
alternatives, including hybrid car batteries, fuels like ethanol and
biodiesel, solar and wind power, and safe and nuclear power--safe and
clean nuclear power.
The rescue package I signed last week extended tax incentives to
alternative energy sources. In other words, the rescue package was just
not aimed at dealing with the financial issues; it was aimed at dealing
with the energy issues too, to help encourage alternative energy so we
become less dependent on foreign oil. However, in the meantime, we need
to be drilling. I mean, I'd rather us drill here than send our money
overseas. And we can do so in environmentally friendly ways. Congress
responded to the will of the people by lifting the ban on offshore
energy exploration, which is good. It's going to take a while to go
through all the permitting and all the environmental regulations, but
nevertheless, a step was--a positive step was taken to become less
dependent on foreign oil.
Another issue is home foreclosures, and there's a smart way to deal
with that. The truth of the matter is, people--some people bought homes
far beyond their means. Some people bought homes to simply speculate.
But there's also a lot of sensible homeowners who can make mends--ends
[[Page 1282]]
meet with just a little bit of help, and that's what we want. We want
people--to help people stay in their homes. And so we've created what's
called HOPE NOW, which brings together homeowners, lenders, mortgage
servicers, and others to find ways to prevent foreclosures, to help
people work through the current mortgage issues.
I told you that mortgages were bundled up into securities that banks
bought, and as those securities went down in value, it affected the
banks' balance sheets. Well, interestingly enough, when you securitize
mortgages and sell them, it means that the people who originated your
mortgage is--no longer owns the paper. And so a lot of people say: ``Who
can I talk to to help me refinance my home? Where do I go?'' And so the
HOPE NOW allowance--Alliance is an opportunity to say to folks, here's
how you can find the ways to renegotiate your paper--renegotiate your
note. And it's working.
And by the way, we got another initiative out of the Federal Housing
Administration, and all these programs have so far helped more than 2
million Americans stay in their homes. In other words, there's an
ongoing attempt to help people who need just a little help to be able to
pay off their mortgages. And by the way, most people are paying off
their mortgages, which ultimately means these mortgage-backed
securities, the value that we may end up owning will be recouped. And
that's why I say there's a good chance the taxpayers will get their
money back.
Every American knows the burden of taxes during the tough economic
time, that burden that falls especially hard. A lot of people are
wondering whether or not their taxes are going to go up. One of the
interesting things about the package I signed is that it does prevent
the Alternative Minimum Tax from kicking in, which would have cost 26
million Americans $2,200 apiece. During this economic uncertainty, we
don't need to be raising taxes.
And so the bill was more than just the rescue plan. The bill helped
deal with Alternative Minimum Tax that would have kicked in, that would
have affected a lot of you in this room. And the truth of the matter is,
I think Congress ought to send a signal when they come back next year
and say, look, we're going to make all the tax relief we passed
permanent, so there's not any doubt in anybody's mind.
Finally, we need to deal with exports. A bright spot in the economy
has been that we've exported a lot of goods overseas. People are buying
our products. They should; we make great products, and we got great
workers. Last year, about half of our growth was attributable to
exports, and so it makes sense for Congress to continue to open up
markets in places like Colombia or Panama or South Korea. Take Colombia,
for example. Most of their goods come into our economy duty free, and
yet our goods are taxed in Colombia. I can't understand why Congress
wouldn't want to at least level the playing field for our workers, to
simply send them a message: Treat us the way we treat you. That's all we
want. Give us a fair chance so we can export our goods.
Exports are a very important part of our economy, and Congress ought
to work hard to expand markets. We'll work through this. We're taking
aggressive steps. And it's not an easy problem. No question about it,
it's tough times. But I am confident in the long term for this country.
I'm confident that the steps we've taken are bold and necessary. And
more importantly, I'm confident in the resiliency and the spirit of the
American people and the workers.
This isn't the first time the American economy has faced challenges.
And it's not going to be the first time that we have in--a recovery come
out better either. You got a motto here at Guernsey that says, ``No
matter what your clients need, your answer is the same: We can do
that.'' That ought to be a good motto for the United States right now.
We can do it.
[[Page 1283]]
Let me--I'll answer some questions. So, like, it's hard to ask the
President questions, I know. [Laughter]
Yes, David.
National Economy/Small Businesses
Q. Mr. President, your words are certainly very reassuring. Every
time we open up a newspaper or we turn on the TV today and see all this
impending financial doom--and I think it's enough to make people want to
dig a foxhole and hide under. What would be your advice to the small-
business community, in terms of the actions going forward, to dovetail
with what you're trying to accomplish here?
The President. Well, first of all, I would--I think it's, first,
important to recognize what the problem is. And if a small-business
owner is worried about getting credit to be able to roll over inventory
or to make payroll, my first question as a small-business owner is,
``What are you going to do about it, President Bush?'' And the answer
is, one, recognize the problem and start freeing up some capital--some
credit into the economy to start unsticking it.
And it's going to take a while. And the truth of the matter is,
until you see that credit begin to get easier, you're going to have
doubts as to whether or not the Government has got an effective plan.
But I believe the steps we're taking will free up the credit. It took a
while to get it frozen; it's going to take a while to get it unstuck.
And the Fed took a big step today.
And my--the other thing is, David, is
that obviously there's something resilient in your spirit; otherwise,
you wouldn't have started this business in the first place. And as you
will--can testify, running a small business is full of all kinds of
challenges. And it hasn't been an easy path to success. You've met
challenges before, and a successful businessperson will meet them again.
And I know you'll adjust your business according to the circumstances.
In the meantime, have faith that this economy is going to recover over
time. And when it does, you're going to be in a good position to take
advantage of an expanding economy.
I wish I could snap my fingers and make what happened stop. But
that's not the way it works. And I told you, I made a decision that is
really opposite of my philosophy. I basically believe if people make bad
decisions in the marketplace, they ought to fail. The problem is, in
this case, failure would have cost you. What appeared to be something
that might have been isolated in New York would have cost you the job.
And that was unacceptable to me.
And that's why I made the decision I made. And believe me, I fully
understand a lot of small-business owners saying, ``Wait a minute, I met
the payroll''--or people such as yourself--``I pay my mortgage, I pay my
bills, what are you doing?'' And what I'm doing is I'm taking the action
necessary to make sure that this financial system doesn't collapse, so
you don't get hurt.
And listen, I understand America's frustrations, better than you can
possibly know. I went home out there to west Texas where I was raised.
Some old guy said, you know, ``Hey, man, what are you doing?''
[Laughter] And I said, I'm recognizing reality, that this is a serious
economic situation that requires strong Government action. And that's
what we've taken.
And so the answer to your question is, let's give this time--give
this plan time to get these credit markets eased up so that normal
business can begin. And it's--you know, there's a lot of uncertainty and
a lot of worry, and I understand that. It's one of the reasons I came
here to talk about the deal.
Yes, ma'am.
National Economy
Q. Mr. President, thanks for being here. And thank you for being on
the spot for questions; this is a wonderful opportunity. I am Georgia
Graves, the president of
[[Page 1284]]
Bridgman Communications. We're a small-business telephone company
installing phone systems in the region. But just as importantly, I'm
chairman of the Dulles Regional Chamber of Commerce. We're a chamber
made up of small- and medium-sized businesses. We're located here in the
Dulles corridor. We know that this is one of the key places in the
country to locate your business. We are very proud that last week we hit
the 1,000 mark with members, meaning we're the largest chamber in
Fairfax County.
What our board of directors would like to ask you today--on their
behalf, today I'd like to know, what would you recommend and give us as
advice that we can do to help our members sustain the next period of
time in this economic climate? What would you advise us to do as a
chamber of commerce?
The President. I would advise you--a week ago I would have advised
you to write your Congressman and tell him to vote for the plan.
[Laughter] Now I would advise the president to make sure that which you
do--that which the--the powers inherent in the bill, when we do
something, they're effective.
It's interesting, I met with some of the local business folks today.
And a man wisely said, ``Okay, now that you've got the plan, where's the
action?'' And as I said in my remarks, that we're--we want to make sure
that when we move, we move effectively and so that the consequences are
positive. And so what I would do is I would tell your president to not
be hasty and have a good team of people put together a strategy that
will address the root cause of the problem.
In the meantime, I would remind people that we have been through
tough times before. You know, one of the things I'm concerned about is
the psychology of people. They're basically saying, ``Oh, this is just
too tough.'' The good news is, in America, we generally don't do that.
The good news in America is, we say, we're going to deal with the
circumstances, and we're going to deal with them in a resolute fashion.
But, you know, we're just going to have to work our way through
this. And it's--and I'm confident we'll succeed. I really am. It's not
going to be easy, because all this--everybody got kind of interwoven.
And it's hard to explain to people how this happened. The truth of the
matter is, the Government, in good conscience, tried to encourage people
to buy homes. But the problem is that the financial institutions in
Washington, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, just were basically unregulated
to the point where they wrote a lot of product that was untrustworthy
over time.
And you know, the tendency in politics is to try to blame somebody
else--and I'm certainly not doing this at this point in time--but we did
try to pass regulation that basically said to Fannie and Freddie, stay
in your lane and focused on your core mission. But that's not what
happened, and now we have to deal with the consequences. And a lot of
people own this paper that devalued in value, which is causing financial
institutions to recoup.
There's very little that you can advise your members of until this
credit crisis eases, because your members are going to be asking you,
``What did he tell you about easing the credit?'' Because until credit
eases, it's going to be hard for businesses to feel confident to move.
And that's--the whole purpose of coming today was to tell you, one, we
recognize the credit problem, and two, we're taking bold action to deal
with it.
Yes, ma'am. You got a follow--that's what we call a follow-up.
[Laughter]
Q. Well, I think it's also important that as members that we learn
to work together, and that we relook at everything that we buy and look
within our membership, and that all of us in America become partners
with each other to help each other's business, because we're all in it
together.
The President. Yes. You answered your own question very well.
[Laughter] No
[[Page 1285]]
wonder you're the head of the chamber of commerce. [Laughter]
Yes, sir.
Stock Market/Retirement Plans
Q. Mr. President, what do you think is going to happen to my 401(k)
and other people's retirement plan?
The President. Yes, I think in the long run they're going to be
fine, because the stock markets will reflect real value. In the short
term, they're going to take a hit.
And so the question is, how fast can we get credit in the economy to
get this economy moving again? And there's a lot of aspects of the
economy that are suffering right now--housing market, for example. A lot
of people wonder what happened. Well, what happened was, they
overbuilt--or we overbuilt--built too many homes relative to the number
of buyers. And until that overhang gets worked off, the housing market
is going to remain soft. The positive news is, long-term mortgage rates
are dropping. In other words, money is becoming cheaper to buy a
mortgage. And over time, the housing market will begin to recover.
That'll help the economy recover. Easing the credit will help the
economy recover, and the values in the stock market will recover as
well.
But no question, in the short term, if you're--the value of your
401(k), if you're in stocks, is going to go down. Question is, how fast
can we recover this economy? I believe we got--I know we've had a very
powerful economy. After all, we grew 52 uninterrupted months of job
growth. And when we recover, we're going to have a powerful recovery--
economy again. We're a productive country. We're an entrepreneurial
country. The small-business sector is strong. And right now we're in a
tough, tough times, no question about it. But you can't convince me that
in the long run, that we're not going to get back on our feet again. And
if anybody ever says that, they don't understand the American spirit.
Yes, sir.
Credit Situation
Q. Mr. President, and I've followed your whole tenure in office
pretty closely, and I was pretty surprised that you signed the bill. But
you just made a very strong argument as to why you signed it, and you
laid out the different----
The President. You sound like the guys I grew up with in west Texas,
you know. [Laughter]
Q. You really did a great job, because I was--I really wasn't
convinced until I just heard you speak.
The President. Well, thank you.
Q. Does anything in the bill or anything that you're working with
right now have--to simplify the understanding of the general public, in
terms of the Fair Credit Act, passed in 1970, and the amendment passed
in 2003, as to how people can understand credit? Because it's very
difficult to understand credit unless you do your homework.
The President. Yes, I'm telling you, it's really hard to understand
credit----
Q. I mean, yes, it's just very difficult, and I mean, unless, you
know, unless you know how to use the Internet very well, unless you have
the--you know, unless you have the ambition to do so, you're not really
going to take the initiative. And then that's how you can get in a
credit crunch, because you might have something on your credit report or
something that reflects negatively, and the CRAs, the credit reporting
agencies, they're not going to do anything about it.
The President. Yes. No, that's an interesting question. I'm sure
Congress will revisit the 2003 law. One of the things we pressed is
financial literacy so that people understand what they're dealing with
in the first place. And I really suspect that when we dig into the
mortgage issue, that people were buying mortgages that they had no idea
they're going to reset. In other words, somebody went out there and
said, ``Here, you got yourself low interest rates,'' but they forgot to
tell them, in 2 or 3 years
[[Page 1286]]
time that interest rate was going to bump up, and it caught people by
surprise.
And we need to have a full analysis of the credit rules and on how
people are dealt with, as well as transparency in the mortgage industry.
But a lot of it has to do with financial literacy. People just aren't
sure what the language is that they're dealing with.
I appreciate your comments on the rescue package. I really meant
what I said, that I'm a firm believer that if people make mistakes in
the business world, that--if you make bad decisions, that they ought to
suffer the economic consequences. But the problem was, in this case, you
would suffer them.
My pals say--and I understand this, I fully believe this--that,
``How can you possibly stand there and let Wall Street do what they
did?'' Listen, people are angry about the fact that people look like
they're dragging out money when there's failure. I understand that. I
don't mind rewarding success. It's when people make money on failure.
And I think there's going to be a--there needs to be a reassessment of
these packages. There needs to be a reassessment of how interconnected
people get--people became; how they made promises that they were not in
a capital position to fix.
Step one is to fix the immediate, solve this thing. And step two is
to make sure we don't get tomorrow where we are today, without creating
a regulatory regime that inhabits--inhibits small-business growth. And I
think it's going to be--it's a real challenge.
But my immediate concern is solving today, is to make sure the
plan--first of all, last week was getting the plan passed, which
happened last Friday--it may seem like a month ago, but it's--
[laughter]--last Friday--and getting it implemented and working with our
partners overseas to make sure the effort is as coordinated as possible
so we can be effective.
And the definition of ``effective'' from a small-business
perspective is when you begin to see credit ease. And we understand
that. And we're trying to move as quickly as we can to get credit moving
in a way that people say, ``Okay, now I see what they're trying to do.''
Yes, sir.
Credit Situation
Q. First of all, I want to just say thank you very much for
understanding the importance of credit. My name is Mike Gray. We're next
door. The company's called Exhibit Edge. My wife is the owner, Bev Gray,
of the company.
The President. That's a smart move. [Laughter] She just doesn't want to talk in front of all the cameras, so
you're her spokesperson.
Q. Yes, sir. I just want you to emphasize how important freeing up
credit is.
The President. Yes, thank you.
Q. I mean, just to give you some quick numbers. We're a $3\1/2\
million company, and we rely on a $500,000 home credit line to support
our business, which means we have to roll this money over six, seven
times a year. That's how much we need this credit. And now the--we've
got a notice or a letter from a bank--or from the bank that runs our
credit line that says home values are going down a little bit, and if
you pay down your principle a little, we're not going to give you quite
as much back. And so our strategy is, don't pay it down, to keep it
maxed out all the time.
And so we're comfortable now, and we're able to take care of our
business by doing this. But it's so important for you to emphasize the
need that small businesses have for the use of that credit. And I thank
you so much. You're really working hard----
The President. Thanks for hanging in there.
Q. Absolutely. You too.
The President. It's also important for obviously consumers to be
able to borrow
[[Page 1287]]
money to buy a car. It's just--credit is what makes our system go. And
when credit freezes, it creates a standstill. And when people stand
still, it just begins to shut down the economy. And that's why we're
moving as hard as we're moving. And somebody asked me, ``Is it going to
work?'' This is the best shot we've got. And it's a big, bold move. And
it's--I listened to a lot of smart people about what to do. And it was
a--hard for Congress to swallow, because I understand there's a lot of
skepticism about the Government making a big, bold move. But you're the
kind of guy that was represented by the yes votes when they said, I'm
worried about credit freezing; what are you going to do about it?
And so what I'm trying to describe to you today--I hope I'm getting
through to the people listening as well--is that we're trying to address
this guy's problem and trying to address small-business people's problem
all around the country with something that will be effective when it
comes to freezing up credit.
All right, you know what--yes, sir. About to say I enjoyed it, but--
[laughter].
Insured Bank Deposits
Q. Mr. President, is my bank account safe?
The President. Yes, it is, up to $250,000. We went from 100,000 to
250. That is a very good question. You know, a lot of Americans are
hearing these stories and they're wondering whether or not their money
is safe. And you're insured up to $250,000. We raised it from 100 to
250. And it's just essential that the American people know that the FDIC
has never failed on meeting that obligation, and it's darn sure not
going to fail now.
It's--these are tough times, no question about it. I know a lot of
folks around the country have got questions. And part of addressing
these tough times is to, you know, is to focus on the core problem. And
the core problem, as this good man talked about, was getting credit
moving so consumers and businesses have got the capability of realizing
their--in the case of a small business, their plans and their ability to
grow and to meet demand. And that's what we're addressing.
I thank you for giving me a chance to come by and visit with you. I
love coming to places where we're on the frontlines of economic
progress. The truth of the matter is, the small-business owner and the
small-business sector really provide the backbone of the American
system. You've been asked a lot during these times, but I've got great
faith in the small-business sector. And when Government gives you that--
helps you get that capital you need, the small-business sector is going
to help us lead out--help lead us out of the situation we're in today.
I know that the days are dim right now for a lot of folks, but I
firmly believe tomorrow is going to be brighter. And I thank you for
having that resiliency and that drive to hang in there and help this
economy grow and recover.
God bless you.
Note: The President spoke at 2 p.m. at Guernsey Office Products, Inc. In
his remarks, he referred to David Guernsey, president and chief
executive officer, Guernsey Office Products, Inc., who introduced the
President.
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