The purposes of federally supported agricultural research, extension, and education are to—
(1) enhance the competitiveness of the United States agriculture and food industry in an increasingly competitive world environment;
(2) increase the long-term productivity of the United States agriculture and food industry while maintaining and enhancing the natural resource base on which rural America and the United States agricultural economy depend;
(3) develop new uses and new products for agricultural commodities, such as alternative fuels, and develop new crops;
(4) support agricultural research and extension to promote economic opportunity in rural communities and to meet the increasing demand for information and technology transfer throughout the United States agriculture industry;
(5) improve risk management in the United States agriculture industry;
(6) improve the safe production and processing of, and adding of value to, United States food and fiber resources using methods that maintain the balance between yield and environmental soundness;
(7) support higher education in agriculture to give the next generation of Americans the knowledge, technology, and applications necessary to enhance the competitiveness of United States agriculture; and
(8) maintain an adequate, nutritious, and safe supply of food to meet human nutritional needs and requirements.
(Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1402, as added Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, §1602(a), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3705; amended Pub. L. 104–127, title VIII, §801, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1156.)
A prior section 3101, Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1402, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 981; Pub. L. 97–98, title XIV, §1402, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1294; Pub. L. 99–198, title XIV, §1402, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1542, stated Congressional findings, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, §1601(f)(1)(A), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3704.
1996—Pub. L. 104–127 amended section generally, substituting present provisions for provisions which set out six purposes of federally funded agricultural research and extension programs.
Pub. L. 108–465, §1, Dec. 21, 2004, 118 Stat. 3882, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections 3123a, 7712a, and 8321 of this title, amending section 5925 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1621 and 5925 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Specialty Crops Competitiveness Act of 2004’.”
Pub. L. 108–161, §1, Dec. 6, 2003, 117 Stat. 2014, provided that: “This Act [enacting section 3151a of this title] may be cited as the ‘National Veterinary Medical Service Act’.”
Section 1401 of title XIV of Pub. L. 99–198 provided that: “This title [enacting sections 1632, 3224, 3292, 3319a to 3319d, and 4701 to 4710 of this title, amending this section and sections 178c, 342, 343, 390 to 390d, 390f, 390h, 390i, 390j, 450i, 2266, 2662, 2663, 3103, 3121 to 3123, 3124a, 3125, 3151, 3152, 3194 to 3196, 3221 to 3223, 3291, 3311, 3312, 3318, 3319, 3322, 3324, 3335, and 3336 of this title, repealing sections 390e, 390g, 3174, 3177, 3301 to 3304, and 3323 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 343, 390, 390c, 450i, 3173, 3292, 3311, 3312, and 4701 of this title, amending provisions set out as a note under section 3222 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 2281 of this title] may be cited as the ‘National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act Amendments of 1985’.”
Section 1401 of title XIV of Pub. L. 97–98 provided that: “This title [enacting sections 2271, 2661 to 2667, 3124a, 3223, 3317 to 3319, 3321 to 3324, and 3331 to 3336 of this title, amending this section and sections 322, 361c, 390c, 450i, 3102, 3103, 3121 to 3124, 3125 to 3128, 3151 to 3154, 3175, 3177, 3191, 3192, 3194 to 3196, 3221, 3222, 3263, 3282, 3291, 3311, and 3312 of this title, section 5315 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, sections 582a, 582a–1, and 582a–3 to 582a–5 of Title 16, Conservation, section 483 of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, and sections 6651 and 8852 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, repealing sections 2670 and 3176 of this title, omitting section 2668 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 2281 and 3176 of this title] may be cited as the ‘National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act Amendments of 1981’.”
Section 1401 of title XIV of Pub. L. 95–113 provided that: “This title [enacting this chapter and sections 2669 and 2670 of this title, amending sections 341, 342, 343, 361c, 390 to 390j, 427, 450i, 1923, 1942, 2662, 2663, and 2667 of this title and section 6651 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and repealing section 390k of this title] may be cited as the ‘National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977’.”
Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, §7404, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 457, as amended by Pub. L. 108–11, title II, §2101(b), Apr. 16, 2003, 117 Stat. 589; Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §7511(c)(7), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1267; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §7511(c)(7), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2029, provided that:
“(a)
“(1) conduct a review of the Agricultural Research Service; and
“(2) evaluate the merits of establishing one or more National Institutes focused on disciplines important to the progress of food and agricultural science.
“(b)
“(1)
“(A) have a broad-based background in plant, animal, and agricultural sciences research, food, nutrition, biotechnology, crop production methods, environmental science, or related disciplines; and
“(B) are familiar with the role and infrastructure used to conduct Federal and private research, including—
“(i) the Agricultural Research Service;
“(ii) the National Institutes of Health;
“(iii) the National Science Foundation;
“(iv) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;
“(v) the Department of Energy laboratory system; or
“(vi) the National Institute of Food and Agriculture.
“(2)
“(3)
“(4)
“(5)
“(c)
“(1) conduct a review of the purpose, efficiency, effectiveness, and impact on agricultural research of the Agricultural Research Service;
“(2) conduct a review and evaluation of the merits of establishing one or more National Institutes (such as National Institutes for Plant and Agricultural Sciences) focused on disciplines important to the progress of food and agricultural sciences, and, if establishment of one or more National Institutes is recommended, provide further recommendations to the Secretary, including the structure for establishing each Institute, the multistate area location of each Institute, and the amount of funding necessary to establish each Institute; and
“(3) submit the reports required by subsection (d).
“(d)
“(1) a report on the review and evaluation required under subsection (c)(1); and
“(2) a report on the review and evaluation required under subsection (c)(2).
“(e)
The purposes of this chapter are to—
(1) establish firmly the Department of Agriculture as the lead agency in the Federal Government for the food and agricultural sciences, and to emphasize that agricultural research, extension, and teaching are distinct missions of the Department of Agriculture;
(2) undertake the special measures set forth in this chapter to improve the coordination and planning of agricultural research, extension, and teaching programs, identify needs and establish priorities for these programs, assure that national agricultural research, extension, and teaching objectives are fully achieved, and assure that the results of agricultural research are effectively communicated and demonstrated to farmers, processors, handlers, consumers, and all other users who can benefit therefrom;
(3) increase cooperation and coordination in the performance of agricultural research by Federal departments and agencies, the States, State agricultural experiment stations, colleges and universities, and user groups;
(4) enable the Federal Government, the States, colleges and universities, and others to implement needed agricultural research, extension, and teaching programs, through the establishment of new programs and the improvement of existing programs, as provided for in this chapter;
(5) establish a new program of grants for high-priority agricultural research to be awarded on the basis of competition among research workers and all colleges and universities;
(6) establish a new program of grants for facilities and instrumentation used in agricultural research; and
(7) establish a new program of education grants and fellowships to strengthen research, extension, and teaching programs in the food and agricultural sciences, to be awarded on the basis of competition.
(Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1403, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 983; Pub. L. 97–98, title XIV, §1403, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1296; Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, §1602(b), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3705.)
This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original this “title”, meaning title XIV of Pub. L. 95–113, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 981, as amended, which enacted this chapter and sections 2669 and 2670 of this title, amended sections 341, 342, 343, 361c, 390 to 390j, 427, 450i, 1923, 1942, 2662, 2663, and 2667 of this title and section 6651 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and repealed section 390k of this title. For complete classification of such title to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3101 of this title and Tables.
1990—Pub. L. 101–624 amended section catchline generally.
1981—Par. (2). Pub. L. 97–98, §1403(1), inserted “extension, and teaching programs,” and substituted “these programs” for “such research, assure that high priority research is given adequate funding”.
Par. (4). Pub. L. 97–98, §1403(2), substituted “programs through” for “programs, including the initiatives specified in section 3101(8) of this title, through”.
Par. (5). Pub. L. 97–98, §1403(3), substituted “among research workers” for “among scientific research workers”.
Par. (7). Pub. L. 97–98, §1403(4), substituted “research, extension, and teaching” for “training and research”.
Amendment by Pub. L. 97–98 effective Dec. 22, 1981, see section 1801 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4301 of this title.
Section effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 1901 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 1307 of this title.
When used in this chapter:
(1) The term “Advisory Board” means the National Agricultural Research, Extension, Education, and Economics Advisory Board.
(2) The term “agricultural research” means research in the food and agricultural sciences.
(3) The term “aquaculture” means the propagation and rearing of aquacultural species, including, but not limited to, any species of finfish, mollusk, or crustacean (or other aquatic invertebrate), amphibian, reptile, ornamental fish, or aquatic plant, in controlled or selected environments.
(4)
(A)
(B)
(5) The term “cooperating forestry schools” means those institutions eligible to receive funds under the Act of October 10, 1962 (16 U.S.C. 582a et seq.), commonly known as the McIntire-Stennis Act of 1962.
(6) The term “cooperative extension services” means the organizations established at the land-grant colleges and universities under the Smith-Lever Act of May 8, 1914 (38 Stat. 372–374, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 341–349), and section 209(b) of the Act of October 26, 1974 (88 Stat. 1428, as amended; D.C. Code, sec. 31–1719(b)).
(7) The term “Department of Agriculture” means the United States Department of Agriculture.
(8) The term “extension” means the informal education programs conducted in the States in cooperation with the Department of Agriculture.
(9)
(A) Animal health, production, and well-being.
(B) Plant health and production.
(C) Animal and plant germ plasm collection and preservation.
(D) Aquaculture.
(E) Food safety.
(F) Soil, water, and related resource conservation and improvement.
(G) Forestry, horticulture, and range management.
(H) Nutritional sciences and promotion.
(I) Farm enhancement, including financial management, input efficiency, and profitability.
(J) Home economics.
(K) Rural human ecology.
(L) Youth development and agricultural education, including 4–H clubs.
(M) Expansion of domestic and international markets for agricultural commodities and products, including agricultural trade barrier identification and analysis.
(N) Information management and technology transfer related to agriculture.
(O) Biotechnology related to agriculture.
(P) The processing, distributing, marketing, and utilization of food and agricultural products.
(10)
(A)
(i) qualify as Hispanic-serving institutions; and
(ii) offer associate, bachelors, or other accredited degree programs in agriculture-related fields.
(B)
(11)
(12)
(A) the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico;
(B) Guam;
(C) American Samoa;
(D) the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands;
(E) the Federated States of Micronesia;
(F) the Republic of the Marshall Islands;
(G) the Republic of Palau; and
(H) the Virgin Islands of the United States.
(13) The term “land-grant colleges and universities” means those institutions eligible to receive funds under the Act of July 2, 1862 (12 Stat. 503–505, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 301–305, 307 and 308), or the Act of August 30, 1890 (26 Stat. 417–419, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 321–326 and 328), including Tuskegee University.
(14) NLGCA
(A)
(B)
(i) Hispanic-serving agricultural colleges and universities; or
(ii) any institution designated under—
(I) the Act of July 2, 1862 (commonly known as the “First Morrill Act”; 7 U.S.C. 301 et seq.);
(II) the Act of August 30, 1890 (commonly known as the “Second Morrill Act”) (7 U.S.C. 321 et seq.);
(III) the Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994 (Public Law 103–382; 7 U.S.C. 301 note); or
(IV) Public Law 87–788 (commonly known as the “McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Act”) (16 U.S.C. 582a et seq.).
(15) The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Agriculture of the United States.
(16)
(A) a State;
(B) the District of Columbia; and
(C) any insular area.
(17) The term “State agricultural experiment stations” means those institutions eligible to receive funds under the Act of March 2, 1887 (24 Stat. 440–442, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 361a–361i).
(18) The term “State cooperative institutions” or “State cooperative agents” means institutions or agents designated by—
(A) the Act of July 2, 1862 (7 U.S.C. 301 et seq.), commonly known as the First Morrill Act;
(B) the Act of August 30, 1890 (7 U.S.C. 321 et seq.), commonly known as the Second Morrill Act, including Tuskegee University;
(C) the Act of March 2, 1887 (7 U.S.C. 361a et seq.), commonly known as the Hatch Act of 1887;
(D) the Act of May 8, 1914 (7 U.S.C. 341 et seq.), commonly known as the Smith-Lever Act;
(E) the Act of October 10, 1962 (16 U.S.C. 582a et seq.), commonly known as the McIntire-Stennis Act of 1962; and
(F) subchapters V, VI, XI, and XII of this chapter.
(19) The term “sustainable agriculture” means an integrated system of plant and animal production practices having a site-specific application that will, over the long-term—
(A) satisfy human food and fiber needs;
(B) enhance environmental quality and the natural resource base upon which the agriculture economy depends;
(C) make the most efficient use of nonrenewable resources and on-farm resources and integrate, where appropriate, natural biological cycles and controls;
(D) sustain the economic viability of farm operations; and
(E) enhance the quality of life for farmers and society as a whole.
(20)
(Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1404, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 983; Pub. L. 97–98, title XIV, §1404, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1297; Pub. L. 99–198, title XIV, §1403, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1544; Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, §1603, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3705; Pub. L. 102–237, title IV, §402(3), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1863; Pub. L. 104–127, title VIII, §§802(b)(1), 815(b), 820(a), 853(b)(1), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1159, 1167, 1168, 1172; Pub. L. 105–185, title II, §§221, 226(c)(1), June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 537, 543; Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, §7502(a), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 463; Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §7101(a), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1212; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §7101(a), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1973.)
For definition of “this chapter”, referred to in text, see note set out under section 3102 of this title.
Act of October 10, 1962, or Public Law 87–788, referred to in pars. (5), (14)(B)(ii)(IV), and (18)(E), is Pub. L. 87–788, Oct. 10, 1962, 76 Stat. 806, popularly known as the “McIntire-Stennis Act of 1962” and also as the “McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Act”, which is classified generally to subchapter III (§582a et seq.) of chapter 3 of Title 16, Conservation. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 582a of Title 16 and Tables.
The Smith-Lever Act of May 8, 1914, referred to in pars. (6) and (18)(D), is act May 8, 1914, ch. 79, 38 Stat. 372, which is classified generally to subchapter IV (§341 et seq.) of chapter 13 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 341 of this title and Tables.
Act of July 2, 1862, 12 Stat. 503, referred to in pars. (13), (14)(B)(ii)(I), and (18)(A), is popularly known as the “Morrill Act” and also as the “First Morrill Act”, which is classified generally to subchapter I (§301 et seq.) of chapter 13 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 301 of this title and Tables.
Act of August 30, 1890, 26 Stat. 417, referred to in pars. (13), (14)(B)(ii)(II), and (18)(B), is popularly known as the “Agricultural College Act of 1890” and also as the “Second Morrill Act”, which is classified generally to subchapter II (§321 et seq.) of chapter 13 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 321 of this title and Tables.
The Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994, referred to in par. (14)(B)(ii)(III), is Pub. L. 103–382, title V, part C, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4048, which is set out as a note under section 301 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
Act of March 2, 1887, referred to in pars. (17) and (18)(C), is act Mar. 2, 1887, ch. 314, 24 Stat. 440, popularly known as the Hatch Act of 1887, which is classified generally to sections 361a to 361i of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 361a of this title and Tables.
Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.
2008—Par. (4). Pub. L. 110–246, §7101(a)(1), inserted par. heading, designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted subpar. heading, redesignated former subpars. (A) to (E) as cls. (i) to (v), respectively, of subpar. (A), and added subpar. (B).
Pars. (5) to (8). Pub. L. 110–246, §7101(a)(2), designated pars. (16) and (5) to (7) as (5) to (8), respectively. Former par. (8) redesignated (9).
Par. (9). Pub. L. 110–246, §7101(a)(2), (3), redesignated par. (8) as (9), substituted “renewable energy and natural resources” for “renewable natural resources” in introductory provisions, added subpar. (F), and struck out former subpar. (F) which read as follows: “Soil and water conservation and improvement.” Former par. (9) redesignated (11).
Par. (10). Pub. L. 110–246, §7101(a)(4), added par. (10). Former par. (10) redesignated (12).
Par. (11). Pub. L. 110–246, §7101(a)(5), added par. (11) and struck out former par. (11) which read as follows: “The term ‘Hispanic-serving institution’ has the meaning given the term by section 1059c(b)(1) of title 20.”
Pub. L. 110–246, §7101(a)(2), redesignated par. (9) as (11). Former par. (11) redesignated (13).
Pars. (12), (13). Pub. L. 110–246, §7101(a)(2), redesignated pars. (10) and (11) as (12) and (13), respectively. Former pars. (12) and (13) redesignated (15) and (16), respectively.
Par. (14). Pub. L. 110–246, §7101(a)(6), added par. (14). Former par. (14) redesignated (17).
Pars. (15) to (20). Pub. L. 110–246, §7101(a)(2), redesignated pars. (12) to (14), (17), (18), and (15) as (15) to (20), respectively. Former par. (16) redesignated (5).
2002—Pars. (10) to (12). Pub. L. 107–171, §7502(a)(1), (2), redesignated pars. (10) and (11) as (11) and (12), respectively, and added par. (10). Former par. (12) redesignated (13).
Par. (13). Pub. L. 107–171, §7502(a)(3), added par. (13) and struck out former par. (13) which read as follows: “The term ‘State’ means any one of the fifty States, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, the Virgin Islands of the United States, and the District of Columbia.”
Pub. L. 107–171, §7502(a)(1), redesignated par. (12) as (13). Former par. (13) redesignated (14).
Pars. (14) to (18). Pub. L. 107–171, §7502(a)(1), redesignated pars. (13) to (17) as (14) to (18), respectively.
1998—Pub. L. 105–185, §221(c)(1), substituted “chapter:” for “chapter—” in introductory provisions.
Pars. (1) to (3). Pub. L. 105–185, §221(c)(2), (5), substituted “The term” for “the term” and period for semicolon at end.
Par. (4). Pub. L. 105–185, §221(c)(3), (5), substituted “The terms” for “the terms” and period for semicolon at end.
Pars. (5) to (7). Pub. L. 105–185, §221(c)(2), (5), substituted “The term” for “the term” and period for semicolon at end.
Par. (8). Pub. L. 105–185, §221(a), added par. (8) and struck out former par. (8) which defined term “food and agricultural sciences” in broadest sense of terms, including but not limited to activities relating to agriculture, food processing, forestry, acquaculture, home economics, rural community welfare, youth development, market expansion, improvement of productivity, and international food and agricultural issues.
Par. (9). Pub. L. 105–185, §221(c)(4), (5), substituted “The term” for “the term” after “(9)” and substituted period for semicolon at end.
Par. (10). Pub. L. 105–185, §§221(c)(2), (5), 226(c)(1), substituted “The term” for “the term”, “Tuskegee University” for “the Tuskegee Institute”, and period for semicolon at end.
Pars. (11) to (13). Pub. L. 105–185, §221(c)(2), (5), substituted “The term” for “the term” and period for semicolon at end.
Par. (14). Pub. L. 105–185, §221(b), (c)(5), inserted par. heading, substituted “The terms ‘teaching’ and ‘education’ mean” for “the term ‘teaching’ means”, and substituted period for semicolon at end.
Par. (15). Pub. L. 105–185, §221(c)(2), (5), substituted “The term” for “the term” and period for semicolon at end.
Par. (16). Pub. L. 105–185, §221(c)(2), substituted “The term” for “the term” in introductory provisions.
Par. (16)(B). Pub. L. 105–185, §226(c)(1), substituted “Tuskegee University” for “the Tuskegee Institute”.
Par. (16)(F). Pub. L. 105–185, §221(c)(6), substituted period for “; and” at end.
Par. (17). Pub. L. 105–185, §221(c)(2), substituted “The term” for “the term”.
1996—Par. (1). Pub. L. 104–127, §802(b)(1), substituted “National Agricultural Research, Extension, Education, and Economics Advisory Board” for “National Agricultural Research and Extension Users Advisory Board”.
Par. (3). Pub. L. 104–127, §820(a), inserted “ornamental fish,” after “reptile,”.
Par. (9). Pub. L. 104–127, §815(b), amended par. (9) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (9) read as follows: “the term ‘Joint Council’ means the Joint Council on Food and Agricultural Sciences;”.
Pars. (16) to (18). Pub. L. 104–127, §853(b)(1), inserted “and” at end of par. (16), substituted a period for “; and” at end of par. (17), and struck out par. (18) which read as follows: “the term ‘Technology Board’ means the Agricultural Science and Technology Review Board established in section 3123a of this title.”
1991—Par. (18). Pub. L. 102–237 inserted “and” after “Science”.
1990—Par. (16)(F). Pub. L. 101–624, §1603(2), inserted reference to subchapter VI of this chapter.
Pars. (17), (18). Pub. L. 101–624, §1603(1), (3), added pars. (17) and (18).
1985—Par. (8)(J). Pub. L. 99–198 added subpar. (J).
1981—Par. (8). Pub. L. 97–98, §1404(1), substituted in provision preceding subpar. (A) “basic, applied, and developmental research, extension, and teaching activities in the food, agricultural, renewable natural resources, forestry, and physical and social sciences, in the broadest sense of these terms, including but not limited to, activities relating to” for “sciences relating to food and agriculture in the broadest sense, including the social, economic, and political considerations of”, in subpar. (E) “including consumer affairs, food and nutrition, clothing and textiles, housing, and family well-being and financial management;” for “human nutrition, and family life; and”, and in subpar. (F) “community welfare and development” for “and community development”, and added subpars. (G) to (I).
Par. (12). Pub. L. 97–98, §1404(2), struck out “except as provided in subchapter VII of this chapter,” before “the term” and included within term “State” American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.
Par. (14). Pub. L. 97–98, §1404(4), struck out reference to laboratory training, inserted reference to practicum experience and matters relating to formal classroom instruction, laboratory instruction, and practicum experience, and substituted provision that the teaching be conducted at colleges or universities offering baccalaureate or higher degrees for provision that the teaching be conducted at colleges and universities leading to a baccalaureate and other recognized degrees.
Pars. (15), (16). Pub. L. 97–98, §1404(5), added pars. (15) and (16).
Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.
Amendment by Pub. L. 97–98 effective Dec. 22, 1981, see section 1801 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4301 of this title.
Section effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 1901 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 1307 of this title.
For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.
Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, §7502(b), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 463, provided that: “The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall not affect any basis for distribution of funds by formula (in effect on the date of enactment of this Act [May 13, 2002]) to—
“(1) the Federated States of Micronesia;
“(2) the Republic of the Marshall Islands; or
“(3) the Republic of Palau.”