This subchapter may be cited as the “Educational Research, Development, Dissemination, and Improvement Act of 1994”.
(Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §901, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 212.)
This subchapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this title”, meaning title IX of Pub. L. 103–227, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 212, which enacted this subchapter, amended sections 2422, 3155, 3412, 3419, 3462, and 4085b of this title, repealed section 1221e of this title, and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 1221e and 3155 of this title.
The Congress finds as follows with respect to improving education in the United States:
(1) A majority of public schools in the United States are failing to prepare students to achieve the National Education Goals. The Federal Government should support an extensive program of educational research, development, dissemination, replication and assistance to identify and support the best responses for the challenges ahead. A significant investment in attaining a deeper understanding of the processes of learning and schooling and developing new ideas holds the best hope of making a substantial difference to the lives of every student in the United States. The Office of Educational Research and Improvement within the Department of Education should be at the center of this campaign in order to coordinate such efforts.
(2) The Federal role in educational research has been closely identified with youths who are socioeconomically disadvantaged, are minorities, belong to a language minority, or have a disability. The Federal commitment to education was sufficient to serve not more than—
(A) in 1993, 1 out of every 6 low-income children in need of preschool education;
(B) in 1990, 3 out of every 5 children in need of remediation;
(C) in 1991, 1 out of every 5 children in need of bilingual education; and
(D) in 1992, 1 out of every 20 youths eligible for assistance under the Job Training Partnership Act.
(3) The failure of the Federal Government to adequately invest in educational research and development has denied the United States a sound foundation of knowledge on which to design school improvements. The educational achievement of minority children is of particular concern because at least half of the public school students in 25 of the largest cities of the United States are minority children, and demographers project that, by the year 2005, almost all urban public school students will be minority children or other children in poverty.
(4) The investment goal of the Federal research, development, and dissemination function should be at least 1 percent of the total amount of funds spent on education.
(5) Nationwide model programs and reliable interventions should be demonstrated and replicated, and for such purposes, programs should be established to conduct research and evaluations, and to disseminate information.
(6) The Office should develop a national dissemination policy that will advance the goal of placing a national treasure chest of research results, models, and materials at the disposal of the education decisionmakers of the United States.
(7) A National Educational Research Policy and Priorities Board should be established to work collaboratively with the Assistant Secretary to forge a national consensus with respect to a long-term agenda for educational research, development, dissemination, and the activities of the Office.
(8) Existing research and development entities should adopt expanded, proactive roles and new institutions should be created to promote knowledge development necessary to accelerate the application of research findings to high priority areas.
(9) Greater use should be made of existing technologies in efforts to improve the educational system of the United States, including efforts to disseminate research findings.
(10) Minority educational researchers are inadequately represented throughout the Department of Education, but particularly in the Office. The Office therefore should assume a leadership position in the recruitment, retention, and promotion of qualified minority educational researchers.
(11) The coordination of the mission of the Office with that of other components of the Department of Education is critical. The Office should improve the coordination of the educational research, development, and dissemination function with those of other Federal agencies.
(Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §902, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 212.)
The Job Training Partnership Act, referred to in par. (2)(D), is Pub. L. 97–300, Oct. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1322, as amended, which was classified generally to chapter 19 (§1501 et seq.) of Title 29, Labor, and was repealed by Pub. L. 105–220, title I, §199(b)(2), (c)(2)(B), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1059, effective July 1, 2000. Pursuant to section 2940(b) of Title 29, references to a provision of the Job Training Partnership Act, effective Aug. 7, 1998, are deemed to refer to that provision or the corresponding provision of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998, Pub. L. 105–220, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 936, and effective July 1, 2000, are deemed to refer to the corresponding provision of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998. For complete classification of the Job Training Partnership Act to the Code, see Tables. For complete classification of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 9201 of this title and Tables.
The Office of Educational Research and Improvement was established by section 3419 of this title. Section 3419 was repealed and a new section 3419 establishing the Institute of Educational Sciences was enacted by Pub. L. 107–279, title IV, §402(2), Nov. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 1985.
Section, Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §912, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 213; Pub. L. 103–382, title II, §271(a)(3)(B), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3929, stated policy and purpose of Office of Educational Research and Improvement and set forth provisions relating to employees, publications, reports on activities, research, coordination of activities, evaluations, definitions, and appropriations.
Section, Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §921, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 223, established National Educational Research Policy and Priorities Board.
Section, Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §931, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 227, established the National Institute on Student Achievement, Curriculum, and Assessment, the National Institute on the Education of At-Risk Students, the National Institute on Educational Governance, Finance, Policy-Making, and Management, the National Institute on Early Childhood Development and Education, and the National Institute on Postsecondary Education, Libraries, and Lifelong Education.
Section, Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §941, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 243; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(f) [title VIII, §301(b)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–337, 2681–410, established Office of Reform Assistance and Dissemination.
Section, Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §951, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 260, established within the Department of Education a National Library of Education.
This part was, in the original, part J of title IX of Pub. L. 103–227 and has been designated part F of this subchapter for purposes of codification.
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, from funds appropriated under subsection (b) of this section, the Secretary—
(1) shall continue to fund any multiyear grant or contract awarded under section 3141 and parts A and C of title XIII of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (as such provisions were in effect on the day preceding January 8, 2002), for the duration of that multiyear award in accordance with its terms; and
(2) may extend, on a year-to-year basis, any multiyear grant or contract awarded under an authority described in paragraph (1) that expires after January 8, 2002, but before the enactment of successor authority to this subchapter.1
There are authorized to be appropriated for each fiscal year such sums as may be necessary to carry out subsection (a) of this section.
(Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §995, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1074, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 2090.)
Section 3141 and parts A and C of title XIII of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (as such provisions were in effect on the day preceding January 8, 2002), referred to in subsec. (a)(1), are section 3141 and parts A and C of title XIII of Pub. L. 89–10, as added by Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3649, 3877, 3882. Section 3141 of the Act was classified to section 6861 of this title, prior to the general amendment of title III of Pub. L. 89–10 by Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1689. Part A of title XIII of the Act was classified to part A (§8621 et seq.) of subchapter XIII of chapter 70 of this title, prior to its redesignation as part K of title IX of Pub. L. 103–227 by Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1021(a), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1987, and transfer to part G (§6053 et seq.) of this subchapter. Part C of title XIII of the Act was classified to part C (§8671 et seq.) of subchapter XIII of chapter 70 of this title, prior to its redesignation as part M of title IX of Pub. L. 103–227 by Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1023(a), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1987, and transfer to part I (§6055 et seq.) of this subchapter.
This subchapter, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), was in the original “this Act” and has been translated as reading “this title” to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
Section effective Jan. 8, 2002, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 107–110, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
1 See References in Text note below.
Part K of title IX of Pub. L. 103–227, which comprised this part, was designated part G of this subchapter for purposes of codification. Part K of title IX of Pub. L. 103–227 was formerly part A of title XIII of Pub. L. 89–10, which was classified to part A (§8621 et seq.) of subchapter XIII of chapter 70 of this title, prior to being redesignated as part K of title IX of Pub. L. 103–227 by Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1021(a), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1987, transferred to this part, and subsequently repealed by Pub. L. 107–279, title IV, §403(2), Nov. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 1985.
Section 6053, Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1001, formerly Pub. L. 89–10, title XIII, §13101, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3877; renumbered Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1001, and amended Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §§1021(a),(b), 1025(a)(2)(A), (17)(A), (B), (19), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1987–1989, authorized program for establishment of comprehensive regional assistance centers.
Section 6053a, Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1002, formerly Pub. L. 89–10, title XIII, §13102, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3878; renumbered Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1002, and amended Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §§1021(a),(b), 1025(a)(1), (2)(B), (6), (7), (10), (17)(C), (19), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1987–1989, related to requirements of centers.
Section 6053b, Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1003, formerly Pub. L. 89–10, title XIII, §13103, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3879; renumbered Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1003, and amended Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §§1021(a),(b), 1025(a)(8), (10), (16), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1987–1989, related to maintenance of service and application requirements.
Section 6053c, Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1004, formerly Pub. L. 89–10, title XIII, §13104, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3880; renumbered Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1004, and amended Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §§1021(a),(b), 1025(a)(9), (18), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1987–1989, related to transition and phase in of centers.
Section 6053d, Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1005, formerly Pub. L. 89–10, title XIII, §13105, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3880; renumbered Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1005, Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1021(a),(b), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1987, authorized appropriations.
Section 6053e, Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1006, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1021(c), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1987, applied section 7801 definitions to this part.
Part L of title IX of Pub. L. 103–227, which comprised this part, was designated part H of this subchapter for purposes of codification. Part L of title IX of Pub. L. 103–227 was formerly part B of title XIII of Pub. L. 89–10, which was classified to part B (§8651 et seq.) of subchapter XIII of chapter 70 of this title, prior to being redesignated as part L of title IX of Pub. L. 103–227 by Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1022(a), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1987, transferred to this part, and subsequently repealed by Pub. L. 107–279, title IV, §403(2), Nov. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 1985.
Section 6054, Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1011, formerly Pub. L. 89–10, title XIII, §13201, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3880; renumbered Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1011, and amended Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §§1022(a),(b), 1025(a)(2)(A), (B)–(4), (5), (6), (16), (17)(D), (20), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1987–1989, authorized establishment of National Diffusion Network.
Another section 1011 of Pub. L. 103–227 is classified to section 6061 of this title.
Section 6054a, Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1012, formerly Pub. L. 89–10, title XIII, §13202, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3882; renumbered Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1012, Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1022(a),(b), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1987, authorized appropriations.
Section 6054b, Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1013, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1022(c), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1987, applied section 7801 definitions to this part.
Part M of title IX of Pub. L. 103–227, which comprised this part, was designated part I of this subchapter for purposes of codification. Part M of title IX of Pub. L. 103–227 was formerly part C of title XIII of Pub. L. 89–10, which was classified to part C (§8671 et seq.) of subchapter XIII of chapter 70 of this title, prior to being redesignated as part M of title IX of Pub. L. 103–227 by Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1023(a), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1987, transferred to this part, and subsequently repealed by Pub. L. 107–279, title IV, §403(2), Nov. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 1985.
Section 6055, Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1021, formerly Pub. L. 89–10, title XIII, §13301, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3882; renumbered Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1021, and amended Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §§1023(a),(b), 1025(a)(15), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1987, 1988, authorized grants and contracts for establishment and operation of regional mathematics and science education consortia.
Another section 1021 of Pub. L. 103–227 amended section 2421 of this title prior to the general amendment of chapter 44 of this title by Pub. L. 105–332.
Section 6055a, Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1022, formerly Pub. L. 89–10, title XIII, §13302, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3883; renumbered Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1022, and amended Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §§1023(a),(b), 1025(a)(11), (14), (21), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1987–1989, related to use of funds.
Another section 1022 of Pub. L. 103–227 is classified to section 6067 of this title.
Section 6055b, Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1023, formerly Pub. L. 89–10, title XIII, §13303, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3884; renumbered Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1023, Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1023(a),(b), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1987, related to application for grant or contract and review.
Section 6055c, Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1024, formerly Pub. L. 89–10, title XIII, §13304, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3885; renumbered Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1024, Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1023(a),(b), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1987, required each entity in receipt of a grant or contract to establish a regional board for oversight and establishment of program priorities.
Section 6055d, Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1025, formerly Pub. L. 89–10, title XIII, §13305, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3885; renumbered Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1025, and amended Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §§1023(a),(b), 1025(a)(13), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1987, 1988, related to payments and Federal and non-Federal shares.
Section 6055e, Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1026, formerly Pub. L. 89–10, title XIII, §13306, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3885; renumbered Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1026, and amended Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §§1023(a),(b), 1025(a)(22), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1987, 1989, related to evaluations and reports.
Section 6055f, Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1027, formerly Pub. L. 89–10, title XIII, §13307, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3886; renumbered Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1027, and amended Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §§1023(a),(b), 1025(a)(4), (12) Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1987, 1988, defined terms for purposes of this part.
Section 6055g, Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1028, formerly Pub. L. 89–10, title XIII, §13308, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3886; renumbered Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1028, Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1023(a),(b), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1987, authorized appropriations.
Section 6055h, Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1029, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1023(c), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1987, applied section 7801 definitions to this part.
Part N of title IX of Pub. L. 103–227, which comprised this part, was designated part J of this subchapter for purposes of codification. Part N of title IX of Pub. L. 103–227 was formerly part D of title XIII of Pub. L. 89–10, which was classified to part D (§8701 et seq.) of subchapter XIII of chapter 70 of this title, prior to being redesignated as part N of title IX of Pub. L. 103–227 by Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1024(a), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1987, transferred to this part, and subsequently repealed by Pub. L. 107–279, title IV, §403(2), Nov. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 1985.
Section 6056, Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1031, formerly Pub. L. 89–10, title XIII, §13401, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3886; renumbered Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1031, and amended Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §§1024(a),(b), 1025(a)(17)(E), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1987–1989, authorized technology-based technical assistance.
Another section 1031 of Pub. L. 103–227 is set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
Section 6056a, Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §1032, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1024(c), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1988, applied section 7801 definitions to this part.
Another section 1032 of Pub. L. 103–227 enacted section 3351 of this title and amended sections 3381 to 3384 and 3386 of this title prior to the general amendment of chapter 47 of this title by Pub. L. 103–382.