2005—Pub. L. 109–59, title IV, §4110(a)(1), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1721, substituted “GENERAL AUTHORITY AND STATE GRANTS” for “STATE GRANTS AND OTHER COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE PROGRAMS” in subchapter heading.
1998—Pub. L. 105–178, title IV, §4004(c), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 400, inserted “AND OTHER COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE PROGRAMS” after “GRANTS” in subchapter heading.
The purpose of this subchapter is to ensure that the Secretary, States, and other political jurisdictions work in partnership to establish programs to improve motor carrier, commercial motor vehicle, and driver safety to support a safe and efficient transportation system by—
(1) focusing resources on strategic safety investments to promote safe for-hire and private transportation, including transportation of passengers and hazardous materials, to identify high-risk carriers and drivers, and to invest in activities likely to generate maximum reductions in the number and severity of commercial motor vehicle crashes;
(2) increasing administrative flexibility and developing and enforcing effective, compatible, and cost-beneficial motor carrier, commercial motor vehicle, and driver safety regulations and practices, including improving enforcement of State and local traffic safety laws and regulations;
(3) assessing and improving statewide program performance by setting program outcome goals, improving problem identification and countermeasures planning, designing appropriate performance standards, measures, and benchmarks, improving performance information and analysis systems, and monitoring program effectiveness;
(4) ensuring that drivers of commercial motor vehicles and enforcement personnel obtain adequate training in safe operational practices and regulatory requirements; and
(5) advancing promising technologies and encouraging adoption of safe operational practices.
(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title IV, §4002(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 395.)
Pub. L. 109–347, title VII, §703, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1944, provided that:
“(a)
“(b)
“(c)
“(1)
“(2)
Pub. L. 109–59, title IV, §4127, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1741, as amended by Pub. L. 111–147, title IV, §422(g), Mar. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 87; Pub. L. 111–322, title II, §2202(g), Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3525; Pub. L. 112–5, title II, §202(g), Mar. 4, 2011, 125 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 112–30, title I, §122(f), Sept. 16, 2011, 125 Stat. 349, provided that:
“(a)
“(b)
“(1) A program to promote a more comprehensive and national effort to educate commercial motor vehicle drivers and passenger vehicle drivers about how commercial motor vehicle drivers and passenger vehicle drivers can more safely share the road with each other.
“(2) A program to promote enhanced traffic enforcement efforts aimed at reducing the incidence of the most common unsafe driving behaviors that cause or contribute to crashes involving commercial motor vehicles and passenger vehicles.
“(3) A program to establish a public-private partnership to provide resources and expertise for the development and dissemination of information relating to sharing the road referred to in paragraphs (1) and (2) to each partner's constituents and to the general public through the use of brochures, videos, paid and public advertisements, the Internet, and other media.
“(c)
“(d)
“(e)
“(f)
Pub. L. 109–59, title IV, §4128, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1742, provided that:
“(a)
“(b)
“(1) conducted a comprehensive audit of its commercial motor vehicle safety data system within the preceding 2 years;
“(2) developed a plan that identifies and prioritizes its commercial motor vehicle safety data needs and goals; and
“(3) identified performance-based measures to determine progress toward those goals.
“(c)
“(d)
Pub. L. 109–59, title IV, §4139(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1745, provided that:
“(1)
“(2)
Pub. L. 109–59, title IV, §4144, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1748, as amended by Pub. L. 111–147, title IV, §422(i), Mar. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 87; Pub. L. 111–322, title II, §2202(i), Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3525; Pub. L. 112–5, title II, §202(i), Mar. 4, 2011, 125 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 112–30, title I, §122(h), Sept. 16, 2011, 125 Stat. 349, provided that:
“(a)
“(1) provide advice and recommendations to the Administrator of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration about needs, objectives, plans, approaches, content, and accomplishments of the motor carrier safety programs carried out by the Administration; and
“(2) provide advice and recommendations to the Administrator on motor carrier safety regulations.
“(b)
“(1)
“(2)
“(3)
“(c)
“(d)
Pub. L. 106–159, title I, §104, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1754, provided that:
“(a)
“(1) Reducing the number and rates of crashes, injuries, and fatalities involving commercial motor vehicles.
“(2) Improving the consistency and effectiveness of commercial motor vehicle, operator, and carrier enforcement and compliance programs.
“(3) Identifying and targeting enforcement efforts at high-risk commercial motor vehicles, operators, and carriers.
“(4) Improving research efforts to enhance and promote commercial motor vehicle, operator, and carrier safety and performance.
“(b)
“(1)
“(A) To increase the number of inspections and compliance reviews to ensure that all high-risk commercial motor vehicles, operators, and carriers are examined.
“(B) To eliminate, with meaningful safety measures, the backlog of rulemakings.
“(C) To improve the quality and effectiveness of data bases by ensuring that all States and inspectors accurately and promptly report complete safety information.
“(D) To eliminate, with meaningful civil and criminal penalties for violations, the backlog of enforcement cases.
“(E) To provide for a sufficient number of Federal and State safety inspectors, and provide adequate facilities and equipment, at international border areas.
“(2)
“(3)
“(c)
“(d)
“(1)
“(A) The Secretary and the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administrator.
“(B) The Administrator and the Deputy Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administrator.
“(C) The Administrator and the Chief Safety Officer of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration.
“(D) The Administrator and the regulatory ombudsman of the Administration designated by the Administrator under subsection (f).
“(2)
“(3)
“(4)
“(e)
“(1)
“(2)
“(f)
“(1) make decisions to resolve disagreements between officials in the Administration who are participating in a rulemaking process; and
“(2) ensure that sufficient staff are assigned to rulemaking projects to meet all deadlines.”
Pub. L. 106–159, title I, §105, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1756, provided that:
“(a)
“(b)
“(c)
“(d)
Pub. L. 106–159, title II, §224, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1770, provided that:
“(a)
“(1) evaluate future crashes involving commercial motor vehicles;
“(2) monitor crash trends and identify causes and contributing factors; and
“(3) develop effective safety improvement policies and programs.
“(b)
“(c)
“(1) crash causation and prevention;
“(2) commercial motor vehicles, drivers, and carriers, including passenger carriers;
“(3) highways and noncommercial motor vehicles and drivers;
“(4) Federal and State highway and motor carrier safety programs;
“(5) research methods and statistical analysis; and
“(6) other relevant topics.
“(d)
“(e)
“(1)
“(2)
“(f)
Pub. L. 106–159, title II, §225, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1771, provided that:
“(a)
“(b)
“(1) enter into agreements with the States to collect data and report the data by electronic means to a central data repository; and
“(2) train State employees and motor carrier safety enforcement officials to assure the quality and uniformity of the data.
“(c)
“(1) integrate the data, including driver citation and conviction information; and
“(2) make the data base available electronically to the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, the States, motor carriers, and other interested parties for problem identification, program evaluation, planning, and other safety-related activities.
“(d)
“(e)
“(f)
“(1)
“(2)
In this subchapter—
(1) “commercial motor vehicle” means (except in section 31106) a self-propelled or towed vehicle used on the highways in commerce principally to transport passengers or cargo, if the vehicle—
(A) has a gross vehicle weight rating or gross vehicle weight of at least 10,001 pounds, whichever is greater;
(B) is designed to transport more than 10 passengers including the driver; or
(C) is used in transporting material found by the Secretary of Transportation to be hazardous under section 5103 of this title and transported in a quantity requiring placarding under regulations prescribed by the Secretary under section 5103.
(2) “employee” means a driver of a commercial motor vehicle (including an independent contractor when personally operating a commercial motor vehicle), a mechanic, a freight handler, or an individual not an employer, who—
(A) directly affects commercial motor vehicle safety in the course of employment by a commercial motor carrier; and
(B) is not an employee of the United States Government, a State, or a political subdivision of a State acting in the course of employment.
(3) “employer”—
(A) means a person engaged in a business affecting commerce that owns or leases a commercial motor vehicle in connection with that business, or assigns an employee to operate the vehicle in commerce; but
(B) does not include the Government, a State, or a political subdivision of a State.
(4) “State” means a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands.
(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 984; Pub. L. 105–178, title IV, §4003(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 395.)
Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|
31101 | 49 App.:2301(1), (3)–(6). | Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §401(1), (3)–(6), 96 Stat. 2154, 2155. |
49 App.:2301(2). | Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §401(2), 96 Stat. 2154; Oct. 30, 1984, Pub. L. 98–554, §228(a), (b), 98 Stat. 2852. |
Before clause (1), the words “unless the context otherwise requires” are omitted as unnecessary. The text of 49 App.:2301(4) is omitted as unnecessary because of 1:1. The text of 49 App.:2301(5) is omitted as surplus because the complete name of the Secretary of Transportation is used the first time the term appears in a section.
In clause (1), before subclause (A), the words “(except in section 31106)” are added because the source provisions being restated in section 31106 of the revised title contain a definition of “commercial motor vehicle”.
In clause (4), the words “the Commonwealth of” are omitted for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.
1998—Par. (1)(A). Pub. L. 105–178, §4003(a)(1), inserted “or gross vehicle weight” after “rating” and substituted “10,001 pounds, whichever is greater” for “10,000 pounds”.
Par. (1)(C). Pub. L. 105–178, §4003(a)(2), inserted “and transported in a quantity requiring placarding under regulations prescribed by the Secretary under section 5103” before period at end.
Pub. L. 105–178, title IV, §4003(h), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 398, provided that: “Amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 31102 to 31104 of this title] shall not affect any funds made available before the date of enactment of this Act [June 9, 1998].”
(a)
(b)
(A) implements performance-based activities, including deployment of technology to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of commercial motor vehicle safety programs;
(B) designates the State motor vehicle safety agency responsible for administering the plan throughout the State;
(C) contains satisfactory assurances the agency has or will have the legal authority, resources, and qualified personnel necessary to enforce the regulations, standards, and orders;
(D) contains satisfactory assurances the State will devote adequate amounts to the administration of the plan and enforcement of the regulations, standards, and orders;
(E) provides that the total expenditure of amounts of the State and its political subdivisions (not including amounts of the Government) for commercial motor vehicle safety programs for enforcement of commercial motor vehicle size and weight limitations, drug interdiction, and State traffic safety laws and regulations under subsection (c) of this section will be maintained at a level at least equal to the average level of that expenditure for the 3 full fiscal years beginning after October 1 of the year 5 years prior to the beginning of each Government fiscal year.1
(F) provides a right of entry and inspection to carry out the plan;
(G) provides that all reports required under this section be submitted to the agency and that the agency will make the reports available to the Secretary on request;
(H) provides that the agency will adopt the reporting requirements and use the forms for recordkeeping, inspections, and investigations the Secretary prescribes;
(I) requires registrants of commercial motor vehicles to make a declaration of knowledge of applicable safety regulations, standards, and orders of the Government and the State;
(J) provides that the State will grant maximum reciprocity for inspections conducted under the North American Inspection Standard through the use of a nationally accepted system that allows ready identification of previously inspected commercial motor vehicles;
(K) ensures that activities described in subsection (c)(1) of this section, if financed with grants under subsection (a) of this section, will not diminish the effectiveness of the development and implementation of commercial motor vehicle safety programs described in subsection (a);
(L) ensures that the State agency will coordinate the plan, data collection, and information systems with State highway safety programs under title 23;
(M) ensures participation in SAFETYNET and other information systems by all appropriate jurisdictions receiving funding under this section;
(N) ensures that information is exchanged among the States in a timely manner;
(O) provides satisfactory assurances that the State will undertake efforts that will emphasize and improve enforcement of State and local traffic safety laws and regulations related to commercial motor vehicle safety;
(P) provides satisfactory assurances that the State will promote activities in support of national priorities and performance goals, including—
(i) activities aimed at removing impaired commercial motor vehicle drivers from the highways of the United States through adequate enforcement of regulations on the use of alcohol and controlled substances and by ensuring ready roadside access to alcohol detection and measuring equipment;
(ii) activities aimed at providing an appropriate level of training to State motor carrier safety assistance program officers and employees on recognizing drivers impaired by alcohol or controlled substances; and
(iii) interdiction activities affecting the transportation of controlled substances by commercial motor vehicle drivers and training on appropriate strategies for carrying out those interdiction activities;
(Q) provides that the State has established a program to ensure that—
(i) accurate, complete, and timely motor carrier safety data is collected and reported to the Secretary; and
(ii) the State will participate in a national motor carrier safety data correction system prescribed by the Secretary;
(R) ensures that the State will cooperate in the enforcement of registration requirements under section 13902 and financial responsibility requirements under sections 13906, 31138, and 31139 and regulations issued thereunder;
(S) ensures consistent, effective, and reasonable sanctions;
(T) ensures that roadside inspections will be conducted at a location that is adequate to protect the safety of drivers and enforcement personnel;
(U) provides that the State will include in the training manual for the licensing examination to drive a noncommercial motor vehicle and a commercial motor vehicle, information on best practices for driving safely in the vicinity of noncommercial and commercial motor vehicles;
(V) provides that the State will enforce the registration requirements of section 13902 by prohibiting the operation of any vehicle discovered to be operated by a motor carrier without a registration issued under such section or to operate beyond the scope of such registration;
(W) provides that the State will conduct comprehensive and highly visible traffic enforcement and commercial motor vehicle safety inspection programs in high-risk locations and corridors; and
(X) except in the case of an imminent or obvious safety hazard, ensures that an inspection of a vehicle transporting passengers for a motor carrier of passengers is conducted at a station, terminal, border crossing, maintenance facility, destination, or other location where a motor carrier may make a planned stop.
(2) If the Secretary disapproves a plan under this subsection, the Secretary shall give the State a written explanation and allow the State to modify and resubmit the plan for approval.
(3) In estimating the average level of State expenditure under paragraph (1)(E) of this subsection, the Secretary—
(A) may allow the State to exclude State expenditures for Government-sponsored demonstration or pilot programs; and
(B) shall require the State to exclude Government amounts and State matching amounts used to receive Government financing under subsection (a) of this section.
(c)
(1) for the following activities if the activities are carried out in conjunction with an appropriate inspection of the commercial motor vehicle to enforce Government or State commercial motor vehicle safety regulations:
(A) enforcement of commercial motor vehicle size and weight limitations at locations other than fixed weight facilities, at specific locations such as steep grades or mountainous terrains where the weight of a commercial motor vehicle can significantly affect the safe operation of the vehicle, or at ports where intermodal shipping containers enter and leave the United States; and
(B) detection of the unlawful presence of a controlled substance (as defined under section 102 of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 (21 U.S.C. 802)) in a commercial motor vehicle or on the person of any occupant (including the operator) of the vehicle; and
(2) for documented enforcement of State traffic laws and regulations designed to promote the safe operation of commercial motor vehicles, including documented enforcement of such laws and regulations relating to noncommercial motor vehicles when necessary to promote the safe operation of commercial motor vehicles if the number of motor carrier safety activities (including roadside safety inspections) conducted in the State is maintained at a level at least equal to the average level of such activities conducted in the State in fiscal years 2003, 2004, and 2005; except that the State may not use more than 5 percent of the basic amount the State receives under the grant under subsection (a) for enforcement activities relating to noncommercial motor vehicles described in this paragraph unless the Secretary determines a higher percentage will result in significant increases in commercial motor vehicle safety.
(d)
(e)
(1) analyzes commercial motor vehicle safety trends among the States and documents the most effective commercial motor vehicle safety programs implemented with grants under this section; and
(2) describes the effect of activities carried out with grants made under this section on commercial motor vehicle safety.
(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 984; Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §104(a), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 918; Pub. L. 105–178, title IV, §4003(b), (c), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 395, 396; Pub. L. 106–159, title II, §207, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1764; Pub. L. 109–59, title IV, §§4106, 4307(b), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1717, 1774.)
Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|
31102(a) | 49 App.:2302(a). | Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §402(a), (c), 96 Stat. 2155, 2156. |
31102(b) | 49 App.:2302(b), (d). | Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §402(b), (d), 96 Stat. 2155, 2156; Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §4002(a), (b), 105 Stat. 2140. |
31102(c) | 49 App.:2302(e). | Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, 96 Stat. 2097, §402(e); added Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §4002(c), 105 Stat. 2142. |
31102(d) | 49 App.:2302(c). |
In this section, the word “rules” is omitted as being synonymous with “regulations”.
In subsection (a), the words “Subject to this section and the availability of amounts” are substituted for “Under the terms and conditions of this section, subject to the availability of funds” to eliminate unnecessary words.
In subsection (b)(1), before clause (A), the word “prescribe” is substituted for “formulate” for consistency in the revised title. Clause (D) is substituted for 49 App.:2302(d) to state the requirements of a plan in one place and to eliminate unnecessary words. In clause (K), the words “into law and practice” are omitted a unnecessary. In clause (O)(i), the words “highways of the United States” are substituted for “our Nation's highways” for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code. In subclause (iii), the word “especially” is omitted as unnecessary.
In subsection (b)(3)(B), the words “Government financing” are substituted for “Federal funding” for clarity and consistency in the revised title.
In subsection (c), before clause (1), the words “type of” are omitted as unnecessary. In clause (1), the word “leave” is substituted for “exit” for clarity and consistency in the revised title.
In subsection (d), the words “the regulations, standards, or orders” are substituted for “Federal rules, regulations, standards, or orders applicable to commercial motor vehicle safety or compatible State rules, regulations, standards, or orders” for consistency and to eliminate unnecessary words. The last sentence is substituted for 49 App.:2302(c) (last sentence) for clarity.
2005—Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 109–59, §4106(a)(1), added subpar. (A) and struck out former subpar. (A) which read as follows: “implements performance-based activities by fiscal year 2000;”.
Subsec. (b)(1)(E). Pub. L. 109–59, §4106(a)(2), added subpar. (E) and struck out former subpar. (E) which read as follows: “provides that the total expenditure of amounts of the State and its political subdivisions (not including amounts of the Government) for commercial motor vehicle safety programs for enforcement of commercial motor vehicle size and weight limitations, drug interdiction, and State traffic safety laws and regulations under subsection (c) of this section will be maintained at a level at least equal to the average level of that expenditure for its last 3 full fiscal years before December 18, 1991;”.
Subsec. (b)(1)(Q). Pub. L. 109–59, §4106(a)(3), added subpar. (Q) and struck out former subpar. (Q) which read as follows: “provides that the State will establish a program to ensure the proper and timely correction of commercial motor vehicle safety violations noted during an inspection carried out with funds authorized under section 31104;”.
Subsec. (b)(1)(R). Pub. L. 109–59, §4106(a)(4), aligned margins.
Subsec. (b)(1)(U) to (X). Pub. L. 109–59, §4106(a)(5)–(7), added subpars. (U) to (X).
Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 109–59, §4307(b), substituted “paragraph (1)(E)” for “paragraph (1)(D)” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–59, §4106(b)(1), added subsec. (c) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (c). Text read as follows: “A State may use amounts received under a grant under subsection (a) of this section for the following activities if the activities are carried out in conjunction with an appropriate inspection of the commercial motor vehicle to enforce Government or State commercial motor vehicle safety regulations:
“(1) enforcement of commercial motor vehicle size and weight limitations at locations other than fixed weight facilities, at specific locations such as steep grades or mountainous terrains where the weight of a commercial motor vehicle can significantly affect the safe operation of the vehicle, or at ports where intermodal shipping containers enter and leave the United States.
“(2) detection of the unlawful presence of a controlled substance (as defined under section 102 of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 (21 U.S.C. 802)) in a commercial motor vehicle or on the person of any occupant (including the operator) of the vehicle.
“(3) enforcement of State traffic laws and regulations designed to promote the safe operation of commercial motor vehicles.”
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–59, §4106(b)(2), added subsec. (e).
1999—Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 106–159, §207(1), realigned subpar. (A) margins.
Subsec. (b)(1)(R). Pub. L. 106–159, §207(2), added subpar. (R) and struck out former subpar. (R) which read as follows: “ensures that the State will cooperate in the enforcement of registration and financial responsibility requirements under sections 31138 and 31139, or regulations issued thereunder;”.
1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178, §4003(b)(1), inserted “improving motor carrier safety and” after “implementation of programs for” and “, hazardous materials transportation safety,” after “commercial motor vehicle safety”.
Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 105–178, §4003(b)(2), in introductory provisions, substituted “assume responsibility for improving motor carrier safety and to adopt and enforce” for “adopt and assume responsibility for enforcing” and inserted “, hazardous materials transportation safety,” after “commercial motor vehicle safety”.
Subsec. (b)(1)(A) to (I). Pub. L. 105–178, §4003(c)(6), (7), added subpar. (A) and redesignated former subpars. (A) to (H) as (B) to (I), respectively. Former subpar. (I) redesignated (J).
Subsec. (b)(1)(J). Pub. L. 105–178, §4003(c)(6), redesignated subpar. (I) as (J). Former subpar. (J) redesignated (K).
Pub. L. 105–178, §4003(c)(1), substituted “subsection (c)(1)” for “subsection (c)”.
Subsec. (b)(1)(K) to (M). Pub. L. 105–178, §4003(c)(6), redesignated subpars. (J) to (L) as (K) to (M), respectively. Former subpar. (M) redesignated (N).
Pub. L. 105–178, §4003(c)(2), added subpars. (K) to (M) and struck out former subpars. (K) to (M) which read as follows:
“(K) ensures that fines imposed and collected by the State for violations of commercial motor vehicle safety regulations will be reasonable and appropriate and that, to the maximum extent practicable, the State will attempt to implement the recommended fine schedule published by the Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance;
“(L) ensures that the State agency will coordinate the plan prepared under this section with the State highway safety plan under section 402 of title 23;
“(M) ensures participation by the 48 contiguous States in SAFETYNET not later than January 1, 1994;”.
Subsec. (b)(1)(N). Pub. L. 105–178, §4003(c)(6), redesignated subpar. (M) as (N). Former subpar. (N) redesignated (O).
Subsec. (b)(1)(O). Pub. L. 105–178, §4003(c)(6), redesignated subpar. (N) as (O). Former subpar. (O) redesignated (P).
Pub. L. 105–178, §4003(c)(3), inserted “in support of national priorities and performance goals, including” after “activities” in introductory provisions, substituted “activities aimed at removing” for “to remove” in cl. (i), substituted “activities aimed at providing” for “to provide” and inserted “and” after semicolon in cl. (ii), added cl. (iii), and struck out former cls. (iii) and (iv) which read as follows:
“(iii) to promote enforcement of the requirements related to the licensing of commercial motor vehicle drivers, including checking the status of commercial drivers’ licenses; and
“(iv) to improve enforcement of hazardous material transportation regulations by encouraging more inspections of shipper facilities affecting highway transportation and more comprehensive inspection of the loads of commercial motor vehicles transporting hazardous material;”.
Subsec. (b)(1)(P). Pub. L. 105–178, §4003(c)(6), redesignated subpar. (O) as (P). Former subpar. (P) redesignated (Q).
Pub. L. 105–178, §4003(c)(4), added subpar. (P) and struck out former subpar. (P) which read as follows: “provides satisfactory assurances that the State will promote effective—
“(i) interdiction activities affecting the transportation of controlled substances by commercial motor vehicle drivers and training on appropriate strategies for carrying out those interdiction activities; and
“(ii) use of trained and qualified officers and employees of political subdivisions and local governments, under the supervision and direction of the State motor vehicle safety agency, in the enforcement of regulations affecting commercial motor vehicle safety and hazardous material transportation safety; and”.
Subsec. (b)(1)(Q). Pub. L. 105–178, §4003(c)(6), redesignated subpar. (P) as (Q). Former subpar. (Q) redesignated (R).
Pub. L. 105–178, §4003(c)(5)(A), substituted “sections 31138 and 31139” for “sections 31140 and 31146”.
Subsec. (b)(1)(R). Pub. L. 105–178, §4003(c)(6), redesignated subpar. (Q) as (R).
Subsec. (b)(1)(S), (T). Pub. L. 105–178, §4003(c)(5)(B), (8), added subpars. (S) and (T).
1995—Subsec. (b)(1)(Q). Pub. L. 104–88 added subpar. (Q).
Amendment by Pub. L. 104–88 effective Jan. 1, 1996, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as an Effective Date note under section 701 of this title.
Except as provided in sections 14504, 14504a, and 14506 of this title, subtitle C (§§4301–4308) of title IV of Pub. L. 109–59 is not intended to prohibit any State or any political subdivision of any State from enacting, imposing, or enforcing any law or regulation with respect to a motor carrier, motor private carrier, broker, freight forwarder, or leasing company that is not otherwise prohibited by law, see section 4302 of Pub. L. 109–59, set out as a note under section 13902 of this title.
Pub. L. 106–159, title I, §103(c), Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1753, provided that: “The Secretary may not make, from funds made available by or under this section [amending section 31107 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 31104 of this title, and amending a provision set out as a note under section 104 of Title 23, Highways] (including any amendment made by this section), a grant to a State unless the State first enters into a binding agreement with the Secretary that provides that the total expenditures of amounts of the State and its political subdivisions (not including amounts of the United States) for the development or implementation of programs for improving motor carrier safety and enforcement of regulations, standards, and orders of the United States on commercial motor vehicle safety, hazardous materials transportation safety, and compatible State regulations, standards, and orders will be maintained at a level at least equal to the average level of such expenditures for fiscal years 1997, 1998, and 1999.”
Pub. L. 106–159, title I, §103(e), Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1754, provided that:
“(1)
“(2)
“(3)
“(4)
“(5)
Pub. L. 105–178, title IV, §4032, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 419, provided that:
“(a)
“(1) national uniformity and the purposes of the motor carrier safety assistance program;
“(2) State motor carrier, commercial motor vehicle, and driver safety oversight and enforcement capabilities; and
“(3) the safety impacts, costs, and benefits of full participation in the program.
“(b)
“(c)
1 So in original. The period probably should be a semicolon.
(a)
(b)
(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 987; Pub. L. 105–178, title IV, §4003(d), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 397; Pub. L. 109–59, title IV, §4307(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1774.)
Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|
31103 | 49 App.:2303. | Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §403, 96 Stat. 2156; Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §4002(d), 105 Stat. 2142. |
The word “rules” is omitted as being synonymous with “regulations”.
Section 31104(f)(2), referred to in subsec. (b), was struck out by Pub. L. 110–244, title III, §301(a), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1616.
2005—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59 substituted “31102(b)(1)(E)” for “31102(b)(1)(D)” and inserted before last sentence “Amounts generated under the unified carrier registration agreement under section 14504a and received by a State and used for motor carrier safety purposes may be included as part of the State's share not provided by the United States.”
1998—Pub. L. 105–178 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted subsec. heading, inserted “improve commercial motor vehicle safety and” after “implementing programs to”, and added subsec. (b).
Except as provided in sections 14504, 14504a, and 14506 of this title, subtitle C (§§4301–4308) of title IV of Pub. L. 109–59 is not intended to prohibit any State or any political subdivision of any State from enacting, imposing, or enforcing any law or regulation with respect to a motor carrier, motor private carrier, broker, freight forwarder, or leasing company that is not otherwise prohibited by law, see section 4302 of Pub. L. 109–59, set out as a note under section 13902 of this title.
1 See References in Text note below.
(a)
(1) $188,480,000 for fiscal year 2005;
(2) $188,000,000 for fiscal year 2006;
(3) $197,000,000 for fiscal year 2007;
(4) $202,000,000 for fiscal year 2008;
(5) $209,000,000 for fiscal year 2009;
(6) $209,000,000 for fiscal year 2010;
(7) $209,000,000 for fiscal year 2011; and
(8) $106,000,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012.
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(1)
(A) $254,849,000 for fiscal year 2005;
(B) $213,000,000 for fiscal year 2006;
(C) $223,000,000 for fiscal year 2007;
(D) $228,000,000 for fiscal year 2008;
(E) $234,000,000 for fiscal year 2009;
(F) “(F) 1 $239,828,000 for fiscal year 2010;
(G) $244,144,000 for fiscal year 2011; and
(H) $122,072,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012.
(2)
(j)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(k)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 987; Pub. L. 105–130, §7, Dec. 1, 1997, 111 Stat. 2559; Pub. L. 105–178, title IV, §4003(e)–(g), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 397; Pub. L. 108–88, §7(b), Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1120; Pub. L. 108–202, §11(b), Feb. 29, 2004, 118 Stat. 490; Pub. L. 108–224, §9(b), Apr. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 638; Pub. L. 108–263, §9(b), June 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 709; Pub. L. 108–280, §9(b), July 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 886; Pub. L. 108–310, §7(b), Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1153; Pub. L. 109–14, §6(b), May 31, 2005, 119 Stat. 330; Pub. L. 109–20, §6(b), July 1, 2005, 119 Stat. 352; Pub. L. 109–35, §6(b), July 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 385; Pub. L. 109–37, §6(b), July 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 400; Pub. L. 109–40, §6(b), July 28, 2005, 119 Stat. 417; Pub. L. 109–59, title IV, §§4101(a), (b), 4107(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1714, 1719; Pub. L. 110–244, title III, §301(a), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1616; Pub. L. 111–147, title IV, §422(a), (b), (d), Mar. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 86, 87; Pub. L. 111–322, title II, §2202(a), (b), (d), Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3524, 3525; Pub. L. 112–5, title II, §202(a), (b), (d), Mar. 4, 2011, 125 Stat. 16, 17; Pub. L. 112–30, title I, §122(a), (b), (d), Sept. 16, 2011, 125 Stat. 348, 349.)
Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|
31104(a) | 49 App.:2304(a). | Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §404(a), 96 Stat. 2156; restated Oct. 27, 1986, Pub. L. 99–570, §12014, 100 Stat. 3207–186; Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §4002(e), 105 Stat. 2142. |
31104(b) | 49 App.:2304(c). | Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §404(c), 96 Stat. 2156; Oct. 27, 1986, Pub. L. 99–570, §12014, 100 Stat. 3207–186; restated Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §4002(f), 105 Stat. 2142. |
49 App.:2304(e). | Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §404(b), (d), (e), 96 Stat. 2156; restated Oct. 27, 1986, Pub. L. 99–570, §12014, 100 Stat. 3207–186. | |
31104(c) | 49 App.:2304(b). | |
31104(d) | 49 App.:2304(d). | |
31104(e) | 49 App.:2304(f)(1). | Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §404(f), 96 Stat. 2156; Oct. 27, 1986, Pub. L. 99–570, §12014, 100 Stat. 3207–186; restated Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §4002(g), 105 Stat. 2142. |
31104(f) | 49 App.:2304(f)(2). | |
31104(g)(1) | 49 App.:2304(g) (less last sentences of (5) and (6)). | Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, 96 Stat. 2155, §404(g), (h); added Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §4002(h), (i), 105 Stat. 2143. |
31104(g)(2) | 49 App.:2304(g)(5) (last sentence). | |
31104(g)(3) | 49 App.:2304(g)(6) (last sentence). | |
31104(h) | 49 App.:2304(h). | |
31104(i) | 49 App.:2304 (note). | Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §4002(k), 105 Stat. 2144. |
31104(j) | 49 App.:2302 (note). | Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §4002(l), 105 Stat. 2144. |
In subsection (a), the text of 49 App.:2304(a)(1) and the references to fiscal years ending September 30, 1987–1992, are omitted as obsolete.
In subsection (b), the text of 49 App.:2304(e) is omitted as superseded by 49 App.:2304(c) restated by section 4002(f) of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (Public Law 102–240, 105 Stat. 2142) and restated in this subsection.
In subsection (b)(2), the words “Amounts made available under section 404(a)(2) of the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 before October 1, 1991” are substituted for “Funds made available under this subchapter” for clarity and because of the restatement.
In subsection (c), the words “Funds authorized to be appropriated” are omitted because of the omission of 49 App.:2304(a)(1) as obsolete.
In subsection (e), the words “for administrative expenses incurred in carrying out section 31102 of this title” are substituted for “for administration of this section” for clarity and consistency with the source provisions restated in this section and section 31102 of the revised title.
In subsection (i), before clause (1), the words “Not later than 6 months after December 18, 1991” are omitted as obsolete. The words “for grants under section 31102(a) of this title” are substituted for “under the motor carrier safety assistance program” for clarity and because of the restatement. The words “In prescribing those regulations” are substituted for “In conducting such a revision” because of the restatement.
In subsection (j), the words “Not later than 9 months after December 18, 1991” are omitted as obsolete. The word “final” is omitted as unnecessary. The words “regulations to be enforced under section 31102(a) of this title” are substituted for “under the motor carrier safety assistance program” for clarity and because of the restatement.
2011—Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 112–5, §202(a), amended par. (7) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (7) read as follows: “$88,753,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending on March 4, 2011.”
Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 112–30, §122(a), added par. (8).
Subsec. (i)(1)(G). Pub. L. 112–5, §202(b), amended subpar. (G) generally, substituting “(G) $244,144,000 for fiscal year 2011.” for “(G) ‘(G) $103,678,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending on March 4, 2011.”
Subsec. (i)(1)(H). Pub. L. 112–30, §122(b), added subpar. (H).
Subsec. (k)(2). Pub. L. 112–30, §122(d), substituted “2011 and $7,500,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on March 31, 2012,” for “2011”.
Pub. L. 112–5, §202(d), substituted “through 2011” for “through 2010 and $6,370,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending on March 4, 2011”.
2010—Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 111–147, §422(a), added par. (6).
Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 111–322, §2202(a), substituted “$88,753,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending on March 4, 2011.” for “$52,679,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2010, and ending on December 31, 2010.”
Pub. L. 111–147, §422(a), added par. (7).
Subsec. (i)(1)(F). Pub. L. 111–147, §422(b), added subpar. (F).
Subsec. (i)(1)(G). Pub. L. 111–322, §2202(b), substituted “$103,678,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending on March 4, 2011.” for “$61,036,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2010, and ending on December 31, 2010.”
Pub. L. 111–147, §422(b), added subpar (G).
Subsec. (k)(2). Pub. L. 111–322, §2202(d), substituted “2010 and $6,370,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending on March 4, 2011” for “2009, $15,000,000 for fiscal year 2010, and $3,781,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2010, and ending on December 31, 2010”.
Pub. L. 111–147, §422(d), substituted “2009, $15,000,000 for fiscal year 2010, and $3,781,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2010, and ending on December 31, 2010” for “2009”.
2008—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 110–244 struck out par. (1) designation and heading before “On October” and struck out par. (2) which permitted the Secretary to designate certain allocated amounts for high-priority and border activities.
2005—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59, §4101(a), reenacted heading without change and amended text of subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, text contained pars. (1) to (8) making amounts available from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) for the Secretary of Transportation to incur obligations to carry out section 31102 for fiscal years 1998 to 2004 and part of 2005.
Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 109–40 amended par. (8) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (8) read as follows: “Not more than $138,904,110 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 27, 2005.”
Pub. L. 109–37 amended par. (8) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (8) read as follows: “Not more than $136,589,041 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 21, 2005.”
Pub. L. 109–35 amended par. (8) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (8) read as follows: “Not more than $135,200,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 19, 2005.”
Pub. L. 109–20 amended par. (8) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (8) read as follows: “Not more than $126,402,740 for the period of October 1, 2004, through June 30, 2005.”
Pub. L. 109–14 amended par. (8) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (8) read as follows: “Not more than $112,512,329 for the period of October 1, 2004, through May 31, 2005.”
Subsecs. (i), (j). Pub. L. 109–59, §4101(b), added subsecs. (i) and (j).
Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 109–59, §4107(a), added subsec. (k).
2004—Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 108–280 amended par. (7) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (7) read as follows: “Not more than $140,833,333 for the period of October 1, 2003, through July 31, 2004.”
Pub. L. 108–263 amended par. (7) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (7) read as follows: “Not more than $126,519,126 for the period of October 1, 2003, through June 30, 2004.”
Pub. L. 108–224 amended par. (7) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (7) read as follows: “Not more than $98,352,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through April 30, 2004.”
Pub. L. 108–202 amended par. (7) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (7) read as follows: “Not more than $68,750,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through February 29, 2004.”
Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 108–310 added par. (8).
2003—Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 108–88 added par. (7).
1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178, §4003(e), amended heading and text of subsec. (a) generally, substituting provisions relating to appropriations for fiscal years 1998 to 2003 for provisions relating to appropriations for fiscal years ending Sept. 30, 1993 to 1997 and for period of Oct. 1, 1997 through Mar. 31, 1998.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–178, §4003(f), struck out par. (1) designation and par. (2) which read as follows: “Amounts made available under section 404(a)(2) of the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 before October 1, 1991, that are not obligated on October 1, 1992, are available for reallocation and obligation under paragraph (1) of this subsection.”
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 105–178, §4003(g)(1), added subsec. (f) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (f). Text read as follows: “On October 1 of each fiscal year or as soon after that date as practicable, the Secretary, after making the deduction described in subsection (e) of this section, shall allocate under criteria the Secretary establishes the amounts available for that fiscal year among the States with plans approved under section 31102 of this title. However, the Secretary may designate specific eligible States among which to allocate those amounts in allocating amounts available—
“(1) for research, development, and demonstration under subsection (g)(1)(F) of this section; and
“(2) for public education under subsection (g)(1)(G) of this section.”
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 105–178, §4003(g)(1), (2), redesignated subsec. (h) as (g) and struck out former subsec. (g) which related to specific allocations.
Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 105–178, §4003(g)(4), redesignated subsec. (j) as (h). Former subsec. (h) redesignated (g).
Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 105–178, §4003(g)(3), struck out heading and text of subsec. (i). Text read as follows: “The Secretary shall prescribe regulations to develop an improved formula and process for allocating amounts made available for grants under section 31102(a) of this title among States eligible for those amounts. In prescribing those regulations, the Secretary shall—
“(1) consider ways to provide incentives to States that demonstrate innovative, successful, cost-efficient, or cost-effective programs to promote commercial motor vehicle safety and hazardous material transportation safety;
“(2) place special emphasis on incentives to States that conduct traffic safety enforcement activities that are coupled with motor carrier safety inspections; and
“(3) consider ways to provide incentives to States that increase compatibility of State commercial motor vehicle safety and hazardous material transportation regulations with Government safety regulations and promote other factors intended to promote effectiveness and efficiency the Secretary decides are appropriate.”
Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 105–178, §4003(g)(4), redesignated subsec. (j) as (h).
1997—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–130 substituted “Not more” for “not more” in pars. (1) to (5) and added par. (6).
Pub. L. 109–59, title IV, §4116(d), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1728, provided that: “Amounts made available pursuant to section 31104(i) of title 49, United States Code, shall be used by the Secretary [of Transportation] to carry out section 31149 of title 49, United States Code.”
Pub. L. 105–178, title IV, §4003(i), as added by Pub. L. 106–159, title I, §103(b)(1), Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1753, provided that: “The amount made available to incur obligations to carry out section 31102 of title 49, United States Code, by section 31104(a) of such title for each of fiscal years 2001 through 2003 shall be increased by $65,000,000.”
(a)
(A)(i) the employee, or another person at the employee's request, has filed a complaint or begun a proceeding related to a violation of a commercial motor vehicle safety or security regulation, standard, or order, or has testified or will testify in such a proceeding; or
(ii) the person perceives that the employee has filed or is about to file a complaint or has begun or is about to begin a proceeding related to a violation of a commercial motor vehicle safety or security regulation, standard, or order;
(B) the employee refuses to operate a vehicle because—
(i) the operation violates a regulation, standard, or order of the United States related to commercial motor vehicle safety, health, or security; or
(ii) the employee has a reasonable apprehension of serious injury to the employee or the public because of the vehicle's hazardous safety or security condition;
(C) the employee accurately reports hours on duty pursuant to chapter 315;
(D) the employee cooperates, or the person perceives that the employee is about to cooperate, with a safety or security investigation by the Secretary of Transportation, the Secretary of Homeland Security, or the National Transportation Safety Board; or
(E) the employee furnishes, or the person perceives that the employee is or is about to furnish, information to the Secretary of Transportation, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the National Transportation Safety Board, or any Federal, State, or local regulatory or law enforcement agency as to the facts relating to any accident or incident resulting in injury or death to an individual or damage to property occurring in connection with commercial motor vehicle transportation.
(2) Under paragraph (1)(B)(ii) of this subsection, an employee's apprehension of serious injury is reasonable only if a reasonable individual in the circumstances then confronting the employee would conclude that the hazardous safety or security condition establishes a real danger of accident, injury, or serious impairment to health. To qualify for protection, the employee must have sought from the employer, and been unable to obtain, correction of the hazardous safety or security condition.
(b)
(2)(A) Not later than 60 days after receiving a complaint, the Secretary of Labor shall conduct an investigation, decide whether it is reasonable to believe the complaint has merit, and notify, in writing, the complainant and the person alleged to have committed the violation of the findings. If the Secretary of Labor decides it is reasonable to believe a violation occurred, the Secretary of Labor shall include with the decision findings and a preliminary order for the relief provided under paragraph (3) of this subsection.
(B) Not later than 30 days after the notice under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph, the complainant and the person alleged to have committed the violation may file objections to the findings or preliminary order, or both, and request a hearing on the record. The filing of objections does not stay a reinstatement ordered in the preliminary order. If a hearing is not requested within the 30 days, the preliminary order is final and not subject to judicial review.
(C) A hearing shall be conducted expeditiously. Not later than 120 days after the end of the hearing, the Secretary of Labor shall issue a final order. Before the final order is issued, the proceeding may be ended by a settlement agreement made by the Secretary of Labor, the complainant, and the person alleged to have committed the violation.
(3)(A) If the Secretary of Labor decides, on the basis of a complaint, a person violated subsection (a) of this section, the Secretary of Labor shall order the person to—
(i) take affirmative action to abate the violation;
(ii) reinstate the complainant to the former position with the same pay and terms and privileges of employment; and
(iii) pay compensatory damages, including backpay with interest and compensation for any special damages sustained as a result of the discrimination, including litigation costs, expert witness fees, and reasonable attorney fees.
(B) If the Secretary of Labor issues an order under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph and the complainant requests, the Secretary of Labor may assess against the person against whom the order is issued the costs (including attorney fees) reasonably incurred by the complainant in bringing the complaint. The Secretary of Labor shall determine the costs that reasonably were incurred.
(C) Relief in any action under subsection (b) may include punitive damages in an amount not to exceed $250,000.
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, or with the written consent of the employee, the Secretary of Transportation or the Secretary of Homeland Security may not disclose the name of an employee who has provided information about an alleged violation of this part, or a regulation prescribed or order issued under any of those provisions.
(2) The Secretary of Transportation or the Secretary of Homeland Security shall disclose to the Attorney General the name of an employee described in paragraph (1) of this subsection if the matter is referred to the Attorney General for enforcement. The Secretary making such disclosure shall provide reasonable advance notice to the affected employee if disclosure of that person's identity or identifying information is to occur.
(i)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(j)
(1) directly affects commercial motor vehicle safety or security in the course of employment by a commercial motor carrier; and
(2) is not an employee of the United States Government, a State, or a political subdivision of a State acting in the course of employment.
(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 990; Pub. L. 110–53, title XV, §1536, Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 464.)
Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|
31105(a) | 49 App.:2305(a), (b). | Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §405(a)–(d), 96 Stat. 2157. |
31105(b) | 49 App.:2305(c). | |
31105(c) | 49 App.:2305(d). | |
31105(d) | 49 App.:2305(e). | Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §405(e), 96 Stat. 2158; Nov. 8, 1984, Pub. L. 98–620, §402(51), 98 Stat. 3361. |
In subsection (a)(1), before clause (A), the words “in any manner” are omitted as surplus. The word “conditions” is omitted as included in “terms”. In clauses (A) and (B), the word “rule” is omitted as being synonymous with “regulation”. In clause (A), the word “begun” is substituted for “instituted or caused to be instituted” for consistency in the revised title and to eliminate unnecessary words. In clause (B), the words before subclause (i) are substituted for “for refusing to operate a vehicle when” and “or because of” for clarity and consistency. In subclause (ii), the words “vehicle's unsafe condition” are substituted for “unsafe condition of such equipment” for consistency.
Subsection (a)(2) is substituted for 49 App.:2305(b) (2d, last sentences) for clarity and to eliminate unnecessary words.
In subsection (b)(1), the words “alleging such discharge, discipline, or discrimination” are omitted as surplus.
In subsection (b)(2)(B), the words “Not later than 30 days after the notice under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph” are substituted for “Thereafter” and “within thirty days” for clarity.
In subsection (b)(2)(C), the words “Before the final order is issued” are substituted for “In the interim” for clarity.
Subsection (b)(3)(A) is substituted for 49 App.:2305(c)(2)(B) (1st sentence) for clarity and to eliminate unnecessary words. In clause (ii), the word “conditions” is omitted as included in “terms”. The provision for back pay is moved from clause (ii) to clause (iii) for clarity.
In subsection (b)(3)(B), the words “a sum equal to the aggregate amount of all” and “and expenses” are omitted as surplus. The words “in bringing the complaint” are substituted for “for, or in connection with, the bringing of the complaint upon which the order was issued” to eliminate unnecessary words.
In subsection (c), the words “or aggrieved” and “with respect to which the order was issued, allegedly” are omitted as surplus. The words “in accordance with the provisions of chapter 7 of title 5 and” are omitted because 5:ch. 7 applies unless otherwise stated.
In subsection (d), the text of 49 App.:2305(e) (last sentence) is omitted as unnecessary.
2007—Pub. L. 110–53 amended text of section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to, in subsec. (a), prohibition against discharge or discipline of, or discrimination against, an employee regarding pay, terms, or privileges of employment for certain actions, in subsec. (b), procedures for filing of complaint, in subsec. (c), judicial review and venue, and, in subsec. (d), civil action to enforce an order.
Pub. L. 105–178, title IV, §4023, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 415, provided that: “Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act [June 9, 1998], the Secretary [of Transportation], in conjunction with the Secretary of Labor, shall report to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives on the effectiveness of existing statutory employee protections provided for under section 31105 of title 49, United States Code. The report shall include recommendations to address any statutory changes necessary to strengthen the enforcement of such employee protection provisions.”
1 So in original. Probably should be “subsection (b)(1),”.
(a)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(A) identify and collect necessary motor carrier, commercial motor vehicle, and driver data;
(B) evaluate the safety fitness of motor carriers and drivers;
(C) develop strategies to mitigate safety problems and to use data analysis to address and measure the effectiveness of such strategies and related programs;
(D) determine the cost-effectiveness of Federal and State safety compliance and enforcement programs and other countermeasures;
(E) adapt, improve, and incorporate other information and information systems as the Secretary determines appropriate;
(F) ensure, to the maximum extent practical, all the data is complete, timely, and accurate across all information systems and initiatives; and
(G) establish and implement a national motor carrier safety data correction system.
(4)
(A) uniform, timely, and accurate information collection and reporting by the States and other entities as determined appropriate by the Secretary;
(B) uniform Federal, State, and local policies and procedures necessary to operate the information system; and
(C) the reliability and availability of the information to the Secretary and States.
(b)
(1)
(2)
(A) determine the safety fitness of a motor carrier or registrant when licensing or registering the registrant or motor carrier or while the license or registration is in effect; and
(B) deny, suspend, or revoke the commercial motor vehicle registrations of a motor carrier or registrant that has been issued an operations out-of-service order by the Secretary.
(3)
(A) comply with the uniform policies, procedures, and technical and operational standards prescribed by the Secretary under subsection (a)(4);
(B) possess or seek the authority to possess for a time period no longer than determined reasonable by the Secretary, to impose sanctions relating to commercial motor vehicle registration on the basis of a Federal safety fitness determination; and
(C) establish and implement a process to cancel the motor vehicle registration and seize the registration plates of a vehicle when an employer is found liable under section 31310(i)(2)(C) for knowingly allowing or requiring an employee to operate such a commercial motor vehicle in violation of an out-of-service order.
(4)
(c)
(1) enhancing the exchange of driver licensing information among the States, the Federal Government, and foreign countries;
(2) providing information to the judicial system on commercial motor vehicle drivers;
(3) evaluating any aspect of driver performance that the Secretary determines appropriate; and
(4) developing appropriate strategies and countermeasures to improve driver safety.
(d)
(e)
(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 991; Pub. L. 105–178, title IV, §4004(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 398; Pub. L. 109–59, title IV, §§4108(a), 4109(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1720.)
Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|
31106(a) | 49 App.:2306(f). | Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, 96 Stat. 2155, §407; added Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §4003, 105 Stat. 2144. |
31106(b) | 49 App.:2306(a) (2)–(5). | |
31106(c) | 49 App.:2306(b). | |
31106(d) | 49 App.:2306(a)(1). | |
31106(e) | 49 App.:2306(c). | |
31106(f) | 49 App.:2306(d). | |
31106(g) | 49 App.:2306(e). |
In subsection (b)(2), the word “schedule” is substituted for “system” for clarity.
2005—Subsec. (a)(3)(F), (G). Pub. L. 109–59, §4108(a), added subpars. (F) and (G).
Subsec. (b)(2) to (4). Pub. L. 109–59, §4109(a), added pars. (2) to (4) and struck out former pars. (2) to (4), which related to design of program with State licensing systems in par. (2), conditions of participation in par. (3), and funding for fiscal years 1998 to 2003 in par. (4).
1998—Pub. L. 105–178 amended section catchline and text generally, substituting, in subsec. (a), provisions relating to information systems and data analysis for provisions relating to definition of commercial motor vehicle, in subsec. (b), provisions relating to performance and registration information program for provisions relating to information system, in subsec. (c), provisions relating to commercial motor vehicle driver safety program for provisions relating to demonstration project, in subsec. (d), provisions relating to cooperative agreements, grants, and contracts for provisions relating to review of State systems, and in subsec. (e), provisions relating to information availability and privacy protection policy for provisions relating to regulations, and striking out subsecs. (f) and (g), which related to report to Congress and authorization of appropriations, respectively.
General references to “this title” deemed to refer also to chapters 509 and 511 of Title 51, National and Commercial Space Programs, see section 4(d)(8) of Pub. L. 111–314, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.
Pub. L. 109–59, title IV, §4126, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1738, provided that:
“(a)
“(1) improve the safety and productivity of commercial vehicles and drivers; and
“(2) reduce costs associated with commercial vehicle operations and Federal and State commercial vehicle regulatory requirements.
“(b)
“(c)
“(1)
“(2)
“(3)
“(d)
“(1)
“(2)
“(3)
“(4)
“(e)
“(1) shall have a commercial vehicle information systems and networks program plan approved by the Secretary that describes the various systems and networks at the State level that need to be refined, revised, upgraded, or built to accomplish deployment of core capabilities;
“(2) shall certify to the Secretary that its commercial vehicle information systems and networks deployment activities, including hardware procurement, software and system development, and infrastructure modifications—
“(A) are consistent with the national intelligent transportation systems and commercial vehicle information systems and networks architectures and available standards; and
“(B) promote interoperability and efficiency to the extent practicable; and
“(3) shall agree to execute interoperability tests developed by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration to verify that its systems conform with the national intelligent transportation systems architecture, applicable standards, and protocols for commercial vehicle information systems and networks.
“(f)
“(g)
“(1)
“(A) improve the safety of commercial motor vehicle operations;
“(B) increase the efficiency of regulatory inspection processes to reduce administrative burdens by advancing technology to facilitate inspections and increase the effectiveness of enforcement efforts;
“(C) advance electronic processing of registration information, driver licensing information, fuel tax information, inspection and crash data, and other safety information;
“(D) enhance the safe passage of commercial motor vehicles across the United States and across international borders; and
“(E) promote the communication of information among the States and encourage multistate cooperation and corridor development.
“(2)
“(A) means motor carrier operations and motor vehicle regulatory activities associated with the commercial motor vehicle movement of goods, including hazardous materials, and passengers; and
“(B) with respect to the public sector, includes the issuance of operating credentials, the administration of motor vehicle and fuel taxes, and roadside safety and border crossing inspection and regulatory compliance operations.
“(3)
“(A) Safety information exchange to—
“(i) electronically collect and transmit commercial motor vehicle and driver inspection data at a majority of inspection sites in the State;
“(ii) connect to the safety and fitness electronic records system for access to interstate carrier and commercial motor vehicle data, summaries of past safety performance, and commercial motor vehicle credentials information; and
“(iii) exchange carrier data and commercial motor vehicle safety and credentials information within the State and connect to such system for access to interstate carrier and commercial motor vehicle data.
“(B) Interstate credentials administration to—
“(i) perform end-to-end processing, including carrier application, jurisdiction application processing, and credential issuance, of at least the international registration plan and international fuel tax agreement credentials and extend this processing to other credentials, including intrastate registration, vehicle titling, oversize vehicle permits, overweight vehicle permits, carrier registration, and hazardous materials permits;
“(ii) connect to such plan and agreement clearinghouses; and
“(iii) have at least 10 percent of the credentialing transaction volume in the State handled electronically and have the capability to add more carriers and to extend to branch offices where applicable.
“(C) Roadside electronic screening to electronically screen transponder-equipped commercial vehicles at a minimum of one fixed or mobile inspection site in the State and to replicate this screening at other sites in the State.
“(4)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(Added Pub. L. 109–59, title IV, §4110(a)(2), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1721.)
A prior section 31107, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 992; Pub. L. 105–178, title IV, §4004(b), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 400; Pub. L. 106–159, title I, §103(d), Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1754; Pub. L. 108–88, §7(c)(1), Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1120; Pub. L. 108–202, §11(c)(1), Feb. 29, 2004, 118 Stat. 490; Pub. L. 108–224, §9(c)(1), Apr. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 638; Pub. L. 108–263, §9(c)(1), June 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 709; Pub. L. 108–280, §9(c)(1), July 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 886; Pub. L. 108–310, §7(c)(1), Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1153; Pub. L. 109–14, §6(c)(1), May 31, 2005, 119 Stat. 330; Pub. L. 109–20, §6(c)(1), July 1, 2005, 119 Stat. 352; Pub. L. 109–35, §6(c)(1), July 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 385; Pub. L. 109–37, §6(c)(1), July 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 400; Pub. L. 109–40, §6(c)(1), July 28, 2005, 119 Stat. 417, related to contract authority funding for information systems, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 109–59, title IV, §4110(a)(2), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1721.
1 So in original. Probably should be “
(a)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(A) the causes of accidents, injuries, and fatalities involving commercial motor vehicles;
(B) means of reducing the number and severity of accidents, injuries, and fatalities involving commercial motor vehicles;
(C) improving the safety and efficiency of commercial motor vehicles through technological innovation and improvement;
(D) improving technology used by enforcement officers when conducting roadside inspections and compliance reviews to increase efficiency and information transfers; and
(E) increasing the safety and security of hazardous materials transportation.
(4)
(5)
(6)
(A) independently;
(B) in cooperation with other Federal departments, agencies, and instrumentalities and Federal laboratories; or
(C) by making grants to, or entering into contracts and cooperative agreements with, any Federal laboratory, State agency, authority, association, institution, for-profit or nonprofit corporation, organization, foreign country, or person.
(7)
(b)
(1)
(A) non-Federal entities, including State and local governments, foreign governments, colleges and universities, corporations, institutions, partnerships, and sole proprietorships that are incorporated or established under the laws of any State; and
(B) Federal laboratories.
(2)
(3)
(A)
(B)
(4)
(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 993; Pub. L. 109–59, title IV, §4111(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1722.)
Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|
31108 | (uncodified). | Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §4002(j), 105 Stat. 2144. |
The words “safety duties and powers” are substituted for “safety functions” for clarity and consistency in the revised title. The reference to fiscal year 1992 is omitted as obsolete.
The Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (b)(4), is Pub. L. 96–480, Oct. 21, 1980, 94 Stat. 2311, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 63 (§3701 et seq.) of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3701 of Title 15 and Tables.
2005—Pub. L. 109–59 amended section catchline and text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “Not more than $__________ may be appropriated to the Secretary of Transportation for the fiscal year ending September 30, 19__, to carry out the safety duties and powers of the Federal Highway Administration.”
The Secretary of Transportation may make a grant to a State to implement the performance and registration information system management requirements of section 31106(b).
(Added Pub. L. 109–59, title IV, §4109(b)(1), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1721.)