U.S.C. Title 10 - ARMED FORCES

Subchapter

Sec.

General Matters

301

II.

Military-to-Military Engagements

311

III.

Training With Foreign Forces

321

IV.

Support for Operations and Capacity Building

331

Educational and Training Activities

341

VI.

Limitations on Use of Department of Defense Funds

361

VII.

Administrative and Miscellaneous Matters

381

SUBCHAPTER I—GENERAL MATTERS

Sec.

301.

Definitions.

§301. Definitions

(1) The terms "appropriate congressional committees" and "appropriate committees of Congress" mean—

(A) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Foreign Relations, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and

(B) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.

(2) The term "defense article" has the meaning given that term in section 644 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2403).

(3) The term "defense service" has the meaning given that term in section 644 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2403).

(4) The term "developing country" has the meaning prescribed by the Secretary of Defense for purposes of this chapter in accordance with section 1241(n) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017.

(A) means the reasonable and proper costs of rations, fuel, training ammunition, transportation, and other goods and services consumed by the country as a direct result of the country's participation in activities authorized by this chapter; and

(6) The term "national security forces", in the case of a foreign country, means the following:

(A) National military and national-level security forces of the foreign country that have the functional responsibilities for which training is authorized in section 333(a) of this title.

(B) With respect to operations referred to in section 333(a)(2) of this title, military and civilian first responders of the foreign country at the national or local level that have such operations among their functional responsibilities.

(7) The term "security cooperation programs and activities of the Department of Defense" means any program, activity (including an exercise), or interaction of the Department of Defense with the security establishment of a foreign country to achieve a purpose as follows:

(A) To build and develop allied and friendly security capabilities for self-defense and multinational operations.

(B) To provide the armed forces with access to the foreign country during peacetime or a contingency operation.

(8) The term "small-scale construction" means construction at a cost not to exceed $750,000 for any project.

(9) The term "training" has the meaning given the term "military education and training" in section 644 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2403).

(Added Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1241(a)(3), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2498.)

References in Text

Section 1241(n) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017, referred to in par. (4), is section 1241(n) of Pub. L. 114–328, which is set out as a note below.

Savings Clause

Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1253(b), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2532, provided that: "Any determination or other action made or taken before the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2016] under a provision of law transferred or repealed by this subchapter [probably should be "this subtitle" meaning subtitle E (§§1241 to 1253) of title XII of Pub. L. 114–328, see Tables for classification] that is in effect as of the date of the enactment of this Act and is necessary for the administration of a successor authority to such provision of law under chapter 16 of title 10, United States Code, by reason of the enactment of such chapter by this subchapter shall remain in effect, in accordance with the terms of such determination or action when made or taken, for purposes of the administration of such successor authority."

Prescription of Term "Developing Country"

Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1241(n), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2511, provided that:

"(1) In general.—The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe the meaning of the term 'developing country' for purposes of chapter 16 of title 10, United States Code, as added by subsection (a)(3), and may from time to time prescribe a revision to the meaning of that term for those purposes.

"(2) Initial prescription.—The Secretary shall first prescribe the meaning of the term by not later than 270 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2016].

"(3) Notice to congress.—Whenever the Secretary prescribes the meaning of the term pursuant to paragraph (1), the Secretary shall notify the appropriate committees of Congress of the meaning of the term as so prescribed.

"(4) Appropriate committees of congress defined.—In this subsection, the term 'appropriate committees of Congress' has the meaning given that term in section 301(1) of title 10, United States Code, as so added."

Quadrennial Review of Security Sector Assistance Programs and Authorities of the United States Government

Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1252, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2531, provided that:

"(a) Statement of Policy.—It is the policy of the United States that the principal goals of the security sector assistance programs and authorities of the United States Government are as follows:

"(1) To assist partner nations in building sustainable capability to address common security challenges with the United States.

"(3) To promote universal values, such as good governance, transparent and accountable oversight of security forces, rule of law, transparency, accountability, delivery of fair and effective justice, and respect for human rights.

"(4) To strengthen collective security and multinational defense arrangements and organizations of which the United States is a participant.

"(1) Review required.—Not later than January 31, 2018, and every four years thereafter though 2034, the President shall complete a review of the security sector assistance programs, policies, authorities, and resources of the United States Government across the United States Government.

"(A) An examination [of] whether the current security sector assistance programs, policies, authorities, and resources of the United States Government are sufficient to achieve the goals specified in subsection (a), and an identification of any gaps or shortfalls needing mitigation.

"(B) An examination of the success of such programs and resources in achieving such goals, based on a review of relevant departmental and interagency programmatic and strategic evaluations.

"(C) An examination of the extent to which the security sector assistance of the United States Government is aligned with national security and foreign policy objectives, conducted in support of clear and coherent policy guidance, and planned and executed in accordance with identified best practices.

"(D) The development of recommendations, as appropriate, for improving the security sector assistance programs, policies, authorities, and resources of the United States Government to more effectively achieve the goals specified in subsection (a) and support other national security objectives.

"(3) Submittal to congress.—Not later than 60 days after the completion of a review under this subsection, the President shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report setting forth a summary of the review, including any recommendations developed pursuant to paragraph (2)(D).

"(4) Appropriate committees of congress defined.—In this subsection, the term 'appropriate committees of Congress' has the meaning given that term in section section [sic] 301(1) of title 10, United States Code, as added by section 1241(a)(3) of this Act."

SUBCHAPTER II—MILITARY-TO-MILITARY ENGAGEMENTS

Sec.

311.

Exchange of defense personnel between United States and friendly foreign countries: authority.

312.

Payment of personnel expenses necessary for theater security cooperation.

313.

Bilateral or regional cooperation programs: awards and mementos to recognize superior noncombat achievements or performance.

§311. Exchange of defense personnel between United States and friendly foreign countries: authority

(a) Authority To Enter Into International Exchange Agreements.—(1) The Secretary of Defense may enter into international defense personnel exchange agreements. Any exchange of personnel under such an agreement is subject to paragraph (3).

(2) For purposes of this section, an international defense personnel exchange agreement is an agreement with the government of a friendly foreign country or international or regional security organization for the reciprocal or non-reciprocal exchange of—

(A) members of the armed forces and civilian personnel of the Department of Defense; and

(B) military and civilian personnel of the defense or security ministry of that foreign government or international or regional security organization.

(3) An exchange of personnel under an international defense personnel exchange agreement under this section may only be made with the concurrence of the Secretary to State ¹ to the extent the exchange is with either of the following:

(b) Assignment of Personnel.—(1) Pursuant to an international defense personnel exchange agreement, personnel of the defense ministry of a foreign government may be assigned to positions in the Department of Defense and personnel of the Department of Defense may be assigned to positions in the defense ministry of such foreign government. Positions to which exchanged personnel are assigned may include positions of instructors.

(2) An agreement for the exchange of personnel engaged in research and development activities may provide for assignment of Department of Defense personnel to positions in private industry that support the defense ministry of the host foreign government, subject to the concurrence of the Secretary of State.

(3) An individual may not be assigned to a position pursuant to an international defense personnel exchange agreement unless the assignment is acceptable to both governments.

(c) Reciprocity of Personnel Qualifications Required.—In the case of an international defense personnel exchange agreement that provides for reciprocal exchanges, each government shall be required to provide personnel with qualifications, training, and skills that are essentially equal to those of the personnel provided by the other government.

(d) Payment of Personnel Costs.—(1) Each government shall pay the salary, per diem, cost of living, travel costs, cost of language or other training, and other costs for its own personnel in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations of such government.

(B) The cost of training programs conducted to familiarize, orient, or certify exchanged personnel regarding unique aspects of the assignments of the exchanged personnel.

(e) Prohibited Conditions.—No personnel exchanged pursuant to an agreement under this section may take or be required to take an oath of allegiance to the host country or to hold an official capacity in the government of such country.

(f) Relationship to Other Authority.—The requirements in subsections (c) and (d) shall apply in the exercise of any authority of the Secretaries of the military departments to enter into an agreement with the government of a foreign country to provide for the exchange of members of the armed forces and military personnel of the defense or security ministry of that foreign country. The Secretary of Defense may prescribe regulations for the application of such subsections in the exercise of such authority.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1242(a), (b), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2512, 2513.)

Codification

Text of section, as added by Pub. L. 114–328, is based on text of Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title X, §1082, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2672, which was formerly set out as a note under section 168 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1242(c)(1), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2513.

Prior Provisions

Amendments

2016—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 114–328, §1242(b)(1)(A), inserted at end "Any exchange of personnel under such an agreement is subject to paragraph (3)."

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 114–328, §1242(b)(1)(B)(i), substituted "a friendly foreign country or international or regional security organization for the reciprocal or non-reciprocal exchange" for "an ally of the United States or another friendly foreign country for the exchange" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 114–328, §1242(b)(1)(B)(ii), substituted "members of the armed forces" for "military".

Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 114–328, §1242(b)(1)(B)(iii), inserted "or security" after "defense" and inserted "or international or regional security organization" before period at end.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 114–328, §1242(b)(2), inserted ", subject to the concurrence of the Secretary of State" before period at end.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–328, §1242(b)(3), substituted "In the case of" for "Each government shall be required under" and inserted "that provides for reciprocal exchanges, each government shall be required" after "exchange agreement".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 114–328, §1242(b)(4), inserted "defense or security ministry of that" after "military personnel of the".

Limitation on Military-to-Military Exchanges and Contacts With Chinese People's Liberation Army

Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title XII, §1201, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 779, as amended by Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XII, §1246(d), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2545; Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title X, §1066(e)(2), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1589, provided that:

"(a) Limitation.—The Secretary of Defense may not authorize any military-to-military exchange or contact described in subsection (b) to be conducted by the armed forces with representatives of the People's Liberation Army of the People's Republic of China if that exchange or contact would create a national security risk due to an inappropriate exposure specified in subsection (b).

"(b) Covered Exchanges and Contacts.—Subsection (a) applies to any military-to-military exchange or contact that includes inappropriate exposure to any of the following:

"(5) Chemical and biological defense and other capabilities related to weapons of mass destruction.

"(7) Joint warfighting experiments and other activities related to a transformation in warfare.

"(c) Exceptions.—Subsection (a) does not apply to any search-and-rescue or humanitarian operation or exercise."

§312. Payment of personnel expenses necessary for theater security cooperation

(a) Authority.—The Secretary of Defense may pay expenses specified in subsection (b) that the Secretary considers necessary for theater security cooperation.

(b) Types of Expenses.—The expenses that may be paid under the authority provided in subsection (a) are the following:

(1) Personnel expenses.—The Secretary of Defense may pay travel, subsistence, and similar personnel expenses of, and special compensation for, the following that the Secretary considers necessary for theater security cooperation:

(B) With the concurrence of the Secretary of State, other personnel of friendly foreign governments and non-governmental personnel.

(2) Administrative services and support for liaison officers.—The Secretary of Defense may provide administrative services and support for the performance of duties by a liaison officer of a foreign country while the liaison officer is assigned temporarily to any headquarters in the Department of Defense.

(3) Travel, subsistence, and medical care for liaison officers.—The Secretary of Defense may pay the expenses of a liaison officer in connection with the assignment of that officer as described in paragraph (2) if the assignment is requested by the commander of a combatant command, the Chief of Staff of the Army, the Chief of Naval Operations, the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, the Commandant of the Marine Corps, or the head of a Defense Agency as follows:

(B) Personal expenses directly necessary to carry out the duties of that officer in connection with that assignment.

(i) adequate medical care is not available to the liaison officer at a local military medical treatment facility;

(ii) the Secretary determines that payment of such medical expenses is necessary and in the best interests of the United States; and

(iii) medical care is not otherwise available to the liaison officer pursuant to any treaty or other international agreement.

(D) Mission-related travel expenses if such travel meets each of the following conditions:

(i) The travel is in support of the national security interests of the United States.

(ii) The officer or official making the request directs round-trip travel from the assigned location to one or more travel locations.

(4) Conferences, seminars, and similar meetings.—The authority provided by paragraph (1) includes authority to pay travel and subsistence expenses for personnel described in that paragraph in connection with the attendance of such personnel at any conference, seminar, or similar meeting that is in direct support of enhancing interoperability between the United States armed forces and the national security forces of a friendly foreign country for the purposes of conducting operations, the provision of equipment or training, or the planning for, or the execution of, bilateral or multilateral training, exercises, or military operations.

(5) Other expenses.—In addition to the personnel expenses payable under paragraph (1), the Secretary of Defense may pay such other limited expenses in connection with conferences, seminars, and similar meetings covered by paragraph (4) as the Secretary considers appropriate in the national security interests of the United States.

(1) Personnel from developing countries.—The authority provided in subsection (a) may be used only for the payment of expenses of, and special compensation for, personnel from developing countries, except that the Secretary of Defense may authorize the payment of such expenses and special compensation for personnel from a country other than a developing country if the Secretary determines that such payment is necessary to respond to extraordinary circumstances and is in the national security interest of the United States.

(2) Non-defense liaison officers.—In the case of a non-defense liaison officer of a foreign country, the authority of the Secretary of Defense under subsection (a) to pay expenses specified in paragraph (2) or (3) of subsection (b) may be exercised only if the assignment of that liaison officer as a liaison officer with the Department of Defense was accepted by the Secretary of Defense with the coordination of the Secretary of State.

(d) Reimbursement.—The Secretary of Defense may provide the services and support specified in subsection (b)(2) with or without reimbursement from (or on behalf of) the recipients. The terms of reimbursement (if any) shall be specified in the appropriate agreements used to assign the liaison officer.

(1) Travel and subsistence expenses generally.—Travel and subsistence expenses authorized to be paid under subsection (a) may not, in the case of any individual, exceed the amount that would be paid under chapter 7 or 8 of title 37 to a member of the armed forces (of a comparable grade) for authorized travel of a similar nature.

(2) Travel and related expenses of liaison officers.—The amount paid for expenses specified in subsection (b)(3) for any liaison officer in any fiscal year may not exceed $150,000.

(f) Regulations.—The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe regulations for the administration of this section. Such regulations shall be submitted to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

(g) Administrative Services and Support Defined.—In this section, the term "administrative services and support" includes base or installation support services, office space, utilities, copying services, fire and police protection, training programs conducted to familiarize, orient, or certify liaison personnel regarding unique aspects of the assignments of the liaison personnel, and computer support.

(Added Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1243(a), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2514.)

Prior Provisions

§313. Bilateral or regional cooperation programs: awards and mementos to recognize superior noncombat achievements or performance

(a) General Authority.—The Secretary of Defense may present awards and mementos purchased with funds appropriated for operation and maintenance of the armed forces to recognize superior noncombat achievements or performance by members of friendly foreign forces and other foreign nationals that significantly enhance or support the National Security Strategy of the United States.

(b) Activities That May Be Recognized.—Activities that may be recognized under subsection (a) include superior achievement or performance that—

(1) plays a crucial role in shaping the international security environment in ways that protect and promote United States interests;

(2) supports or enhances United States overseas presence and peacetime engagement activities, including defense cooperation initiatives, security assistance training and programs, and training and exercises with the armed forces;

(3) helps to deter aggression and coercion, build coalitions, and promote regional stability; or

(4) serves as a role model for appropriate conduct by military forces in emerging democracies.

(c) Limitation.—Expenditures for the purchase or production of mementos for award under this section may not exceed the minimal value in effect under section 7342(a)(5) of title 5.

(Added Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XII, §1222(a), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1652, §1051b; renumbered §313, Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1241(b), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2500.)

Amendments

2016—Pub. L. 114–328 renumbered section 1051b of this title as this section.

SUBCHAPTER III—TRAINING WITH FOREIGN FORCES

Sec.

321.

Training with friendly foreign countries: payment of training and exercise expenses.

322.

Special operations forces: training with friendly foreign forces.

§321. Training with friendly foreign countries: payment of training and exercise expenses

(1) Training with foreign forces generally.—The armed forces under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of Defense may train with the military forces or other security forces of a friendly foreign country if the Secretary determines that it is in the national security interest of the United States to do so.

(2) Limitation on training of general purpose forces.—The general purpose forces of the United States armed forces may train only with the military forces of a friendly foreign country.

(3) Training to support mission essential tasks.—Any training conducted pursuant to paragraph (1) shall, to the maximum extent practicable, support the mission essential tasks for which the unit of the United States armed forces participating in such training is responsible.

(4) Elements of training.—Any training conducted pursuant to paragraph (1) shall, to the maximum extent practicable, include elements that promote—

(B) respect for legitimate civilian authority within the foreign country concerned.

(b) Authority To Pay Training and Exercise Expenses.—Under regulations prescribed pursuant to subsection (e), the Secretary of a military department or the commander of a combatant command may pay, or authorize payment for, any of the following expenses:

(1) Expenses of training forces assigned or allocated to that command in conjunction with training, and training with, the military forces or other security forces of a friendly foreign country under subsection (a).

(3) The incremental expenses of a friendly foreign country as the direct result of participating in such training, as specified in the regulations.

(4) The incremental expenses of a friendly foreign country as the direct result of participating in an exercise with the armed forces under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of Defense.

(5) Small-scale construction that is directly related to the effective accomplishment of the training described in paragraph (1) or an exercise described in paragraph (4).

(1) In general.—The primary purpose of the training and exercises for which payment may be made under subsection (b) shall be to train United States forces.

(2) Selection of foreign partners.—Training and exercises with friendly foreign countries under subsection (a) should be planned and prioritized consistent with applicable guidance relating to the security cooperation programs and activities of the Department of Defense.

(d) Availability of Funds for Activities That Cross Fiscal Years.—Amounts available for the authority to pay expenses in subsection (b) for a fiscal year may be used to pay expenses under that subsection for training and exercises that begin in such fiscal year but end in the next fiscal year.

(e) Quarterly Notice on Planned Training.—Not later than the end of the first calender quarter beginning after the date of the enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017, and every calender quarter thereafter, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a notice setting forth the schedule of planned training engagement pursuant to subsection (a) during the calendar quarter first following the calendar quarter in which such notice is submitted.

(1) In general.—The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe regulations for the administration of this section. The Secretary shall submit the regulations to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

(2) Elements.—The regulations required under this section shall provide the following:

(A) A requirement that training and exercise activities may be carried out under this section only with the prior approval of the Secretary.

(B) Accounting procedures to ensure that the expenditures pursuant to this section are appropriate.

(C) Procedures to limit the payment of incremental expenses to friendly foreign countries only to developing countries, except in the case of exceptional circumstances as specified in the regulations.

(Added Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title XIII, §1321(a)(1), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3988, §2010; amended Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title X, §1073(a)(35), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1902; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title XII, §1203(a), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4622; Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title X, §1061(12), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1583; renumbered §321 and amended Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1244(a), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2516.)

References in Text

The date of the enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017, referred to in subsec. (e), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 114–328, which was approved Dec. 23, 2016.

Amendments

2016—Pub. L. 114–328 renumbered section 2010 of this title as this section and amended it generally. Prior to amendment, section related to payment of incremental expenses for participation of developing countries in combined exercises.

2011—Subsecs. (b) to (e). Pub. L. 112–81 redesignated subsecs. (c) to (e) as (b) to (d), respectively, and struck out former subsec. (b) which read as follows: "The Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a report each year, not later than March 1, containing—

"(1) a list of the developing countries for which expenses have been paid by the United States under this section during the preceding year; and

2008—Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 110–417 added subsec. (d) and redesignated former subsec. (d) as (e).

1997—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–85 struck out subsec. (e) which read as follows: "Not more than $13,400,000 may be obligated or expended for the purposes of this section during fiscal years 1987 through 1991."

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title XII, §1203(b), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4622, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on October 1, 2008, and shall apply with respect to bilateral and multilateral military exercises described in section 2010 [now 321] of title 10, United States Code, as so amended, that begin on or after that date."

§322. Special operations forces: training with friendly foreign forces

(a) Authority To Pay Training Expenses.—Under regulations prescribed pursuant to subsection (c), the commander of the special operations command established pursuant to section 167 of this title and the commander of any other unified or specified combatant command may pay, or authorize payment for, any of the following expenses:

(1) Expenses of training special operations forces assigned to that command in conjunction with training, and training with, armed forces and other security forces of a friendly foreign country.

(3) In the case of training in conjunction with a friendly developing country, the incremental expenses incurred by that country as the direct result of such training.

(b) Purpose of Training.—The primary purpose of the training for which payment may be made under subsection (a) shall be to train the special operations forces of the combatant command.

(c) Regulations.—The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe regulations for the administration of this section. The regulations shall require that training activities may be carried out under this section only with the prior approval of the Secretary of Defense. The regulations shall establish accounting procedures to ensure that the expenditures pursuant to this section are appropriate.

(1) The term "special operations forces" includes civil affairs forces and military information support operations forces.

(2) The term "incremental expenses", with respect to a developing country, means the reasonable and proper cost of rations, fuel, training ammunition, transportation, and other goods and services consumed by such country, except that the term does not include pay, allowances, and other normal costs of such country's personnel.

(e) Reports.—Not later than April 1 of each year, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a report regarding training during the preceding fiscal year for which expenses were paid under this section. Each report shall specify the following:

(2) The type of training conducted, including whether such training was related to counter-narcotics or counter-terrorism activities, the duration of that training, the number of members of the armed forces involved, and expenses paid.

(3) The extent of participation by foreign military forces, including the number and service affiliation of foreign military personnel involved and physical and financial contribution of each host nation to the training effort.

(4) The relationship of that training to other overseas training programs conducted by the armed forces, such as military exercise programs sponsored by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, military exercise programs sponsored by a combatant command, and military training activities sponsored by a military department (including deployments for training, short duration exercises, and other similar unit training events).

(5) A summary of the expenditures under this section resulting from the training for which expenses were paid under this section.

(6) A discussion of the unique military training benefit to United States special operations forces derived from the training activities for which expenses were paid under this section.

(Added Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title X, §1052(a)(1), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1470, §2011; amended Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, §1503(a)(18), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 512; Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title X, §1062, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2129; Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title X, §1086(2), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1603; renumbered §322, Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1244(b), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2518.)

Amendments

2016—Pub. L. 114–328 renumbered section 2011 of this title as this section.

2011—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 112–81 substituted "military information support operations" for "psychological operations".

1998—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–261, §1062(a), inserted after first sentence "The regulations shall require that training activities may be carried out under this section only with the prior approval of the Secretary of Defense."

Termination of Reporting Requirements

For termination, effective Dec. 31, 2021, of provisions in subsec. (e) of this section requiring submittal of annual report to Congress, see section 1061 of Pub. L. 114–328, set out as a note under section 111 of this title.

Training of General Purpose Forces of the United States Armed Forces With Military and Other Security Forces of Friendly Foreign Countries

Pub. L. 113–66, div. A, title XII, §1203, Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 894, related to the training of general purpose forces of the armed forces of the United States with military and other security forces of friendly foreign countries, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1244(c), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2518.

SUBCHAPTER IV—SUPPORT FOR OPERATIONS AND CAPACITY BUILDING

Sec.

331.

Friendly foreign countries: authority to provide support for conduct of operations.

332.

Friendly foreign countries; international and regional organizations: defense institution capacity building.

333.

Foreign security forces: authority to build capacity.

§331. Friendly foreign countries: authority to provide support for conduct of operations

(a) Authority.—The Secretary of Defense may provide support to friendly foreign countries in connection with the conduct of operations designated pursuant to subsection (b).

(1) In general.—The Secretary of Defense shall designate the operations for which support may be provided under the authority in subsection (a).

(2) Notice to congress.—The Secretary shall notify the appropriate committees of Congress of the designation of any operation pursuant to this subsection.

(3) Annual review for continuing designation.—The Secretary shall undertake on an annual basis a review of the operations currently designated pursuant to this subsection in order to determine whether each such operation merits continuing designation for purposes of this section for another year. If the Secretary determines that any operation so reviewed merits continuing designation for purposes of this section for another year, the Secretary—

(A) may continue the designation of such operation under this subsection for such purposes for another year; and

(B) if the Secretary so continues the designation of such operation, shall notify the appropriate committees of Congress of the continuation of designation of such operation.

(c) Types of Support Authorized.—The types of support that may be provided under the authority in subsection (a) are the following:

(1) Logistic support, supplies, and services to security forces of a friendly foreign country participating in—

(A) an operation with the armed forces under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of Defense; or

(B) a military or stability operation that benefits the national security interests of the United States.

(A) to military forces of a friendly foreign country solely for the purpose of enhancing the interoperability of the logistical support systems of military forces participating in a combined operation with the United States in order to facilitate such operation; or

(B) to a nonmilitary logistics, security, or similar agency of a friendly foreign government if such provision would directly benefit the armed forces under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of Defense.

(3) Procurement of equipment for the purpose of the loan of such equipment to the military forces of a friendly foreign country participating in a United States-supported coalition or combined operation and the loan of such equipment to those forces to enhance capabilities or to increase interoperability with the armed forces under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of Defense and other coalition partners.

(4) Provision of specialized training to personnel of friendly foreign countries in connection with such an operation, including training of such personnel before deployment in connection with such operation.

(5) Small-scale construction to support military forces of a friendly foreign country participating in a United States-supported coalition or combined operation when the construction is directly linked to the ability of such forces to participate in such operation effectively and is limited to the geographic area where such operation is taking place.

(1) Operations in which the united states is not participating.—The Secretary of Defense may provide support under subsection (a) to a friendly foreign country with respect to an operation in which the United States is not participating only—

(A) if the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State jointly certify to the appropriate committees of Congress that the operation is in the national security interests of the United States; and

(B) after the expiration of the 15-day period beginning on the date of such certification.

(2) Accompanying report.—Any certification under paragraph (1) shall be accompanied by a report that includes the following:

(A) A description of the operation, including the geographic area of the operation.

(D) A description of the national security interests of the United States supported by the operation.

(E) Such other matters as the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State consider significant to a consideration of such certification.

(e) Secretary of State Concurrence.—The provision of support under subsection (a) may be made only with the concurrence of the Secretary of State.

(f) Support Otherwise Prohibited by Law.—The Secretary of Defense may not use the authority in subsection (a) to provide any type of support described in subsection (c) that is otherwise prohibited by any provision of law.

(1) The aggregate value of all logistic support, supplies, and services provided under paragraphs (1), (4), and (5) of subsection (c) in any fiscal year may not exceed $450,000,000.

(2) The aggregate value of all logistic support, supplies, and services provided under subsection (c)(2) in any fiscal year may not exceed $5,000,000.

(h) Logistic Support, Supplies, and Services Defined.—In this section, the term "logistic support, supplies, and services" has the meaning given that term in section 2350(1) of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title XII, §1201(a), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2410, §127c; renumbered §127d, Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title X, §1063(a)(1)(A), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 321; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title X, §1075(b)(3), title XII, §1202, Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4369, 4385; renumbered §331 and amended Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1245(a), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2518.)

Prior Provisions

Amendments

2016—Pub. L. 114–328 renumbered section 127d of this title as this section and amended it generally. Prior to amendment, section related to authority to provide logistic support, supplies, and services to allied forces participating in combined operations.

2011—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–383, §1202(a), designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted "of the United States" after "armed forces", struck out "Provision of such support, supplies, and services to the forces of an allied nation may be made only with the concurrence of the Secretary of State." at end, and added pars. (2) and (3).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 111–383, §1202(b)(1), substituted "subsection (a)(1)" for "subsection (a)" in par. (1) and in introductory provisions of par. (2).

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 111–383, §1202(b)(2)(A), substituted "The" for "Except as provided in paragraph (2), the" and "subsection (a)(1)" for "this section".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 111–383, §1202(b)(2)(B), substituted "The value of the logistic support, supplies, and services provided under subsection (a)(2) in any fiscal year may not" for "In addition to any logistic support, supplies, and services provided under subsection (a) that are covered by paragraph (1), the value of logistic support, supplies, and services provided under this section solely for the purposes of enhancing the interoperability of the logistical support systems of military forces participating in combined operation of the United States in order to facilitate such operations may not, in any fiscal year,".

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 111–383, §1075(b)(3), substituted "Committee on Foreign Affairs" for "Committee on International Relations".

2008—Pub. L. 110–181 renumbered section 127c of this title, relating to allied forces participating in combined operations, as this section.

§332. Friendly foreign countries; international and regional organizations: defense institution capacity building

(a) Ministry of Defense Advisor Authority.—The Secretary of Defense may, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State, carry out a program to assign civilian employees of the Department of Defense as advisors to the ministries of defense (or security agencies serving a similar defense function) of foreign countries or regional organizations with security missions in order to—

(1) provide institutional, ministerial-level advice, and other training to personnel of the ministry or regional organization to which assigned in support of stabilization or post-conflict activities; or

(2) assist such ministry or regional organization in building core institutional capacity, competencies, and capabilities to manage defense-related processes.

(1) In general.—The Secretary of Defense may, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State, carry out a program to provide training and associated training support services to personnel of foreign ministries of defense (or ministries with security force oversight) or regional organizations with security missions—

(ii) establishing responsible defense governance and internal controls in order to help build effective, transparent, and accountable defense institutions;

(iii) assessing organizational weaknesses and establishing a roadmap for addressing shortfalls; and

(iv) enhancing ministerial, general or joint staff, or service level core management competencies; and

(B) for such other purposes as the Secretary considers appropriate, consistent with the authority in subsection (a).

(2) Notice to congress.—Each fiscal year quarter, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on activities under the program under paragraph (1) during the preceding fiscal year quarter. Each report shall include, for the fiscal year quarter covered by such report, the following:

(B) A list of any organization described in paragraph (1) to which the Secretary assigned employees under the program, including the number of such employees so assigned, the duration of each assignment, a brief description of each assigned employee's activities, and a statement of the cost of each assignment.

(c) Congressional Notice.—Not later than 15 days before assigning a civilian employee of the Department of Defense as an advisor to a regional organization with a security mission under subsection (a), the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a notification of such assignment. Such a notification shall include each of the following:

(1) A statement of the intent of the Secretary to assign the employee as an advisor to the regional organization.

(2) The name of the regional organization and the location and duration of the assignment.

(3) A description of the assignment, including a description of the training or assistance proposed to be provided to the regional organization, the justification for the assignment, a description of the unique capabilities the employee can provide to the regional organization, and a description of how the assignment serves the national security interests of the United States.

(4) Any other information relating to the assignment that the Secretary of Defense considers appropriate.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1241(c)(1), (2), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2500.)

Codification

Text of section, as added by Pub. L. 114–328, is based on text of subsecs. (a), (b), and (d) of section 1081 of Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title X, Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1599, as amended, which was formerly set out as a note under section 168 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1241(c)(3), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2500.

Prior Provisions

Amendments

2016—Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 114–328, §1241(c)(2), redesignated subsec. (d) as (c).

§333. Foreign security forces: authority to build capacity

(a) Authority.—The Secretary of Defense is authorized to conduct or support a program or programs to provide training and equipment to the national security forces of one or more foreign countries for the purpose of building the capacity of such forces to conduct one or more of the following:

(7) Operations or activities that contribute to an international coalition operation that is determined by the Secretary to be in the national interest of the United States.

(1) Concurrence in conduct of programs.—The concurrence of the Secretary of State is required to conduct or support any program authorized by subsection (a).

(2) Joint development and planning of programs.—The Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State shall jointly develop and plan any program carried out pursuant to subsection (a).

(3) Implementation of programs.—The Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State shall coordinate the implementation of any program under subsection (a). The Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State shall each designate an individual responsible for program coordination under this paragraph at the lowest appropriate level in the Department concerned.

(4) Coordination in preparation of certain notices.—Any notice required by this section to be submitted to the appropriate committees of Congress shall be prepared in coordination with the Secretary of State.

(1) Authorized elements.—A program under subsection (a) may include the provision and sustainment of defense articles, training, defense services, supplies (including consumables), and small-scale construction.

(2) Required elements.—A program under subsection (a) shall include elements that promote the following:

(A) Observance of and respect for the law of armed conflict, human rights and fundamental freedoms, and the rule of law.

(3) Human rights training.—In order to meet the requirement in paragraph (2)(A) with respect to particular national security forces under a program under subsection (a), the Secretary of Defense shall certify, prior to the initiation of the program, that the Department of Defense is already undertaking, or will undertake as part of the security sector assistance provided to the foreign country concerned, human rights training that includes a comprehensive curriculum on human rights and the law of armed conflict, as applicable, to such national security forces.

(4) Institutional capacity building.—In order to meet the requirement in paragraph (2)(B) with respect to a particular foreign country under a program under subsection (a), the Secretary shall certify, prior to the initiation of the program, that the Department is already undertaking, or will undertake as part of the program, a program of institutional capacity building with appropriate institutions of such foreign country that is complementary to the program with respect to such foreign country under subsection (a). The purpose of the program of institutional capacity building shall be to enhance the capacity of such foreign country to exercise responsible civilian control of the national security forces of such foreign country.

(1) Assistance otherwise prohibited by law.—The Secretary of Defense may not use the authority in subsection (a) to provide any type of assistance described in subsection (c) that is otherwise prohibited by any provision of law.

(2) Prohibition on assistance to units that have committed gross violations of human rights.—The provision of assistance pursuant to a program under subsection (a) shall be subject to the provisions of section 362 of this title.

(3) Duration of sustainment support.—Sustainment support may not be provided pursuant to a program under subsection (a), or for equipment previously provided by the Department of Defense under any authority available to the Secretary during fiscal year 2015 or 2016, for a period in excess of five years unless the notice on the program pursuant to subsection (e) includes the information specified in paragraph (7) of subsection (e).

(e) Notice and Wait on Activities Under Programs.—Not later than 15 days before initiating activities under a program under subsection (a), the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a written and electronic notice of the following:

(1) The foreign country, and specific unit, whose capacity to engage in activities specified in subsection (a) will be built under the program, and the amount, type, and purpose of the support to be provided.

(2) A detailed evaluation of the capacity of the foreign country and unit to absorb the training or equipment to be provided under the program.

(3) The cost, implementation timeline, and delivery schedule for assistance under the program.

(4) A description of the arrangements, if any, for the sustainment of the program and the estimated cost and source of funds to support sustainment of the capabilities and performance outcomes achieved under the program beyond its completion date, if applicable.

(5) Information, including the amount, type, and purpose, on the security assistance provided the foreign country during the three preceding fiscal years pursuant to authorities under this title, the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, and any other train and equip authorities of the Department of Defense.

(6) A description of the elements of the theater security cooperation plan of the geographic combatant command concerned, and of the interagency integrated country strategy, that will be advanced by the program.

(7) In the case of a program described in subsection (d)(3), each of the following:

(A) A written justification that the provision of sustainment support described in that subsection for a period in excess of five years will enhance the security interest of the United States.

(B) To the extent practicable, a plan to transition such sustainment support from funding through the Department to funding through another security sector assistance program of the United States Government or funding through partner nations.

(f) Quarterly Monitoring Reports.—The Director of the Defense Security Cooperation Agency shall, on a quarterly basis, submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report setting forth, for the preceding calendar quarter, the following:

(1) Information, by recipient country, of the delivery and execution status of all defense articles, training, defense services, supplies (including consumables), and small-scale construction under programs under subsection (a).

(2) Information on the timeliness of delivery of defense articles, defense services, supplies (including consumables), and small-scale construction when compared with delivery schedules for such articles, services, supplies, and construction previously provided to Congress.

(3) Information, by recipient country, on the status of funds allocated for programs under subsection (a), including amounts of unobligated funds, unliquidated obligations, and disbursements.

(1) Sole source of funds.—Amounts for programs carried out pursuant to subsection (a) in a fiscal year, and for other purposes in connection with such programs as authorized by this section, may be derived only from amounts authorized to be appropriated for such fiscal year for the Department of Defense for operation and maintenance, Defense-wide, and available for the Defense Security Cooperation Agency for such programs and purposes.

(A) In general.—Amounts available in a fiscal year to carry out the authority in subsection (a) may be used for programs under that authority that begin in such fiscal year and end not later than the end of the second fiscal year thereafter.

(B) Achievement of full operational capacity.—If, in accordance with subparagraph (A), equipment or training is delivered under a program under the authority in subsection (a) in the fiscal year after the fiscal year in which the program begins, amounts for defense articles, training, defense services, supplies (including consumables), and small-scale construction associated with such equipment or training and necessary to ensure that the recipient unit achieves full operational capability for such equipment or training may be used in the fiscal year in which the foreign country takes receipt of such equipment and in the next two fiscal years.

(Added Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1241(d)(1), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2500.)

References in Text

The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, referred to in subsec. (e)(5), is Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424, which is classified principally to chapter 32 (§2151 et seq.) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of Title 22 and Tables.

Prior Provisions

Guidance

Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1241(d)(4), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2504, provided that: "Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2016], the Secretary of Defense shall prescribe, and submit to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives], initial policy guidance on roles, responsibilities, and processes in connection with programs and activities authorized by section 333 of title 10, United States Code, as so added. Not later than 270 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall prescribe, and submit to the congressional defense committees, final policy guidance on roles, responsibilities, and processes in connection with such programs and activities."

[§334. Renumbered §254]

[§335. Renumbered §255]

[§336. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title V, §511(11)(B), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2921]

Section, added Pub. L. 90–496, §12, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 841, included Virgin Islands within "State". See section 255 of this title.

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Dec. 12, 1980, see section 701(b)(3) of Pub. L. 96–513, set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.

SUBCHAPTER V—EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING ACTIVITIES

Sec.

341.

Department of Defense State Partnership Program.

342.

Regional centers for security studies.¹

343.

Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation.

344.

Participation in multinational military centers of excellence.

345.

Regional Defense Combating Terrorism Fellowship Program.

346.

Distribution to certain foreign personnel of education and training materials and information technology to enhance military interoperability with the armed forces.

347.

International engagement authorities for service academies.

348.

Aviation Leadership Program.

349.

Inter-American Air Forces Academy.

350.

Inter-European Air Forces Academy.

§341. Department of Defense State Partnership Program

(1) In general.—The Secretary of Defense, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State, is authorized to establish a program of activities described in paragraph (2), to support the security cooperation objectives of the United States, between members of the National Guard of a State or territory and any of the following:

(C) Governmental organizations of a foreign country whose primary functions include disaster response or emergency response.

(2) State partnership.—Each program established under this subsection shall be known as a "State Partnership".

(1) In general.—An activity with forces referred to in subsection (a)(1)(B) or organizations described in subsection (a)(1)(C) under a program established under subsection (a) may be carried out only if the Secretary of Defense, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State, determines and notifies the appropriate congressional committees not less than 15 days before initiating such activity that the activity is in the national security interests of the United States.

(2) Prohibition on activities with units that have committed gross violations of human rights.—The conduct of any activities under a program established under subsection (a) shall be subject to the provisions of section 362 of this title.

(c) Coordination of Activities.—The Chief of the National Guard Bureau shall designate a director for each State and territory to be responsible for the coordination of activities under a program established under subsection (a) for such State or territory and reporting on activities under the program.

(d) Regulations.—This section shall be carried out in accordance with such regulations as the Secretary of Defense shall prescribe for purposes of this section. Such regulations shall include accounting procedures to ensure that expenditures of funds to carry out this section are accounted for and appropriate.

(1) In general.—Funds authorized to be appropriated to the Department of Defense, including funds authorized to be appropriated for the Army National Guard and Air National Guard, are authorized to be available—

(A) for payment of costs incurred by the National Guard of a State or territory to conduct activities under a program established under subsection (a); and

(B) for payment of incremental expenses of a foreign country to conduct activities under a program established under subsection (a).

(A) Active duty requirement.—Funds shall not be available under paragraph (1) for the participation of a member of the National Guard of a State or territory in activities in a foreign country unless the member is on active duty in the Armed Forces at the time of such participation ¹

(B) Incremental expenses.—The total amount of payments for incremental expenses of foreign countries as authorized under paragraph (1)(B) for activities under programs established under subsection (a) in any fiscal year may not exceed $10,000,000.

(1) In general.—Not later than February 1 following each of fiscal years 2016, 2017, and 2018, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on activities under each program established under subsection (a) during such fiscal year.

(2) Matters to be included.—Each report shall specify, for the fiscal year covered by such report, the following:

(B) The type of activities conducted, the duration of the activities, and the number of members of the National Guard of each State or territory involved in such activities.

(C) The extent of participation in the activities by the military forces and security forces or other government organizations of such foreign country.

(D) A summary of expenditures to conduct the activities, including the annual cost of the activities, with a breakdown of such expenditures by geographic combatant command and country.

(E) With respect to activities described in subsection (b), the objective of the activities, and a description of how the activities support the theater campaign plan of the commander of the geographic combatant command with responsibility for the country or countries in which the activities occurred.

(F) An assessment of the extent to which the activities conducted during the previous year met the objectives described in subparagraph (E).

(g) Rule of Construction.—Nothing in this section shall be construed to supersede any authority under title 10 as in effect on December 26, 2013.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1246(a)–(c), (d)(1), (2)(B), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2520, 2521.)

Amendment of Subsections (f) and (g)

Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1246(d)(2)(B), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2521, provided that, effective as of Jan. 1, 2020, this section is amended by striking subsection (f) and redesignating subsection (g) as (f). See 2016 Amendment notes below.

Codification

Text of section, as added by Pub. L. 114–328, is based on text of subsecs. (a) to (g) of section 1205 of Pub. L. 113–66, div. A, title XII, Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 897, as amended, which was formerly set out as a note under section 107 of Title 32, National Guard, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1246(e), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2500.

Amendments

2016—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 114–328, §1246(b), substituted "Limitations" for "Limitation" in subsec. heading, designated existing provisions as par. (1) and inserted par. heading, and added par. (2).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 114–328, §1246(c)(1), added subsec. (d) and struck out former subsec. (d) which required the Secretary of Defense to prescribe regulations to carry out this section and to notify Congress.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 114–328, §1246(d)(2)(B), redesignated subsec. (g) as (f) and struck out former subsec. (f) which required annual reports for fiscal years 2016, 2017, and 2018.

Pub. L. 114–328, §1246(d)(1)(A), substituted "Annual Reports" for "Reports and Notifications" in subsec. heading, added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1) which related to a review and report of programs under the State Partnership Program as in effect on Dec. 26, 2013, redesignated par. (2)(B) as par. (2), substituted "Matters to be included" for "Annual report" in par. (2) heading, and struck out former par. (2)(A) which required reports on activities under programs established under subsec. (a).

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 114–328, §1246(d)(1)(B)(i), redesignated cls. (i) to (vi) of former par. (2)(B) as subpars. (A) to (F), respectively, of par. (2) and realigned margins.

Subsec. (f)(2)(F). Pub. L. 114–328, §1246(d)(1)(B)(ii), substituted "subparagraph (E)" for "clause (v)".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 114–328, §1246(d)(2)(B)(ii), redesignated subsec. (g) as (f).

Pub. L. 114–328, §1246(c)(2), substituted "under title 10 as in effect on December 26, 2013." for "under title 10, United States Code, as in effect on the date of the enactment of this Act."

Effective Date of 2016 Amendment

Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1246(d)(2), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2521, provided that the amendment made by section 1246(d)(2)(B) is effective as of Jan. 1, 2020.

§342. Regional Centers for Security Studies

(a) In General.—The Secretary of Defense shall administer the Department of Defense Regional Centers for Security Studies in accordance with this section as international venues for bilateral and multilateral research, communication, exchange of ideas, and training involving military and civilian participants.

(b) Regional Centers Specified.—(1) A Department of Defense Regional Center for Security Studies is a Department of Defense institution that—

(A) is operated, and designated as such, by the Secretary of Defense for the study of security issues relating to a specified geographic region of the world; and

(B) serves as a forum for bilateral and multilateral research, communication, exchange of ideas, and training involving military and civilian participants.

(2) The Department of Defense Regional Centers for Security Studies are the following:

(A) The George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies, established in 1993 and located in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.

(B) The Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, established in 1995 and located in Honolulu, Hawaii.

(D) The Africa Center for Strategic Studies, established in 1999 and located in Washington, D.C.

(E) The Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies, established in 2000 and located in Washington, D.C.

(3) No institution or element of the Department of Defense may be designated as a Department of Defense Regional Center for Security Studies for purposes of this section, other than the institutions specified in paragraph (2).

(c) Regulations.—The administration of the Regional Centers under this section shall be carried out under regulations prescribed by the Secretary. The regulations shall prioritize within the respective areas of focus of each Regional Center the functional areas for engagement of territorial and maritime security, transnational and asymmetric threats, and defense sector governance.

(d) Participation.—Participants in activities of the Regional Centers may include United States and foreign military, civilian, and nongovernmental personnel.

(e) Employment and Compensation of Faculty.—At each Regional Center, the Secretary may, subject to the availability of appropriations—

(1) employ a Director, a Deputy Director, and as many civilians as professors, instructors, and lecturers as the Secretary considers necessary; and

(2) prescribe the compensation of such persons, in accordance with Federal guidelines.

(f) Payment of Costs.—(1) Participation in activities of a Regional Center shall be on a reimbursable basis (or by payment in advance), except in a case in which reimbursement is waived in accordance with paragraph (3).

(2) For a foreign national participant, payment of costs may be made by the participant, the participant's own government, by a Department or agency of the United States other than the Department of Defense, or by a gift or donation on behalf of one or more Regional Centers accepted under section 2611 of this title on behalf of the participant's government.

(3)(A) The Secretary of Defense may waive reimbursement of the costs of activities of the Regional Centers for foreign military officers and foreign defense and security personnel from a developing country if the Secretary determines that attendance of such personnel without reimbursement is in the national security interest of the United States. Costs for which reimbursement is waived pursuant to this paragraph shall be paid from appropriations available to the Regional Centers.

(B)(i) The Secretary of Defense may, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State, waive reimbursement otherwise required under this subsection of the costs of activities of the Regional Centers for personnel of nongovernmental and international organizations who participate in activities of the Regional Centers that enhance cooperation of nongovernmental organizations and international organizations with United States forces if the Secretary of Defense determines that attendance of such personnel without reimbursement is in the national security interest of the United States.

(ii) The amount of reimbursement that may be waived under clause (i) in any fiscal year may not exceed $1,000,000.

(4) Funds accepted for the payment of costs shall be credited to the appropriation then currently available to the Department of Defense for the Regional Center that incurred the costs. Funds so credited shall be merged with the appropriation to which credited and shall be available to that Regional Center for the same purposes and same period as the appropriation with which merged.

(5) Funds available for the payment of personnel expenses under section 312 of this title are also available for the costs of the operation of the Regional Centers.

(6) Funds available to carry out this section, including funds accepted under paragraph (4) and funds available under paragraph (5), shall be available, to the extent provided in appropriations Acts, for programs and activities under this section that begin in a fiscal year and end in the following fiscal year.

(g) Support to Other Agencies.—The Director of a Regional Center may enter into agreements with the Secretaries of the military departments, the heads of the Defense Agencies, and, with the concurrence of the Secretary of Defense, the heads of other Federal departments and agencies for the provision of services by that Regional Center under this section. Any such participating department and agency shall transfer to the Regional Center funds to pay the full costs of the services received.

(h) Authorities Specific to Marshall Center.—(1) The Secretary of Defense may authorize participation by a European or Eurasian country in programs of the George C. Marshall Center for Security Studies (in this subsection referred to as the "Marshall Center") if the Secretary determines, after consultation with the Secretary of State, that such participation is in the national interest of the United States.

(2)(A) In the case of any person invited to serve without compensation on the Marshall Center Board of Visitors, the Secretary of Defense may waive any requirement for financial disclosure that would otherwise apply to that person solely by reason of service on such Board.

(B) A member of the Marshall Center Board of Visitors may not be required to register as an agent of a foreign government solely by reason of service as a member of the Board.

(C) Notwithstanding section 219 of title 18, a non-United States citizen may serve on the Marshall Center Board of Visitors even though registered as a foreign agent.

(3)(A) The Secretary of Defense may waive reimbursement of the costs of conferences, seminars, courses of instruction, or similar educational activities of the Marshall Center for military officers and civilian officials from states located in Europe or the territory of the former Soviet Union if the Secretary determines that attendance by such personnel without reimbursement is in the national security interest of the United States.

(B) Costs for which reimbursement is waived pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall be paid from appropriations available for the Center.

(i) Authorities Specific to Inouye Center.—(1) The Secretary of Defense may waive reimbursement of the cost of conferences, seminars, courses of instruction, or similar educational activities of the Daniel K. Inouye Center for Security Studies for military officers and civilian officials of foreign countries if the Secretary determines that attendance by such personnel, without reimbursement, is in the national security interest of the United States.

(2) Costs for which reimbursement is waived pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be paid from appropriations available for the Center.

(j) Annual Review of Program Structure and Programs of Centers.—(1) The Secretary shall on an annual basis review the program and structure of each Regional Center in order to determine whether such Regional Center is appropriately aligned with the strategic priorities of the Department of Defense and the applicable geographic combatant commands.

(2) The Secretary may revise the program, structure, or both of a Regional Center following an annual review under paragraph (1) in order to more appropriately align the Regional Center with strategic priorities and the geographic combatant commands as described in that paragraph..¹

(Added Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title IX, §912(a)(1)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–228, §184; amended Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title X, §1048(c)(2), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1226; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title IX, §931(b)(2), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1581; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title IX, §903(b), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3399; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title IX, §904(a)(1), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2351; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title IX, §941(a)(1), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4576; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title X, §1073(a)(3), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2472; Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title X, §1061(2), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1583; Pub. L. 112–239, div. B, title XXVIII, §2854(b)(1), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2161; Pub. L. 113–291, div. B, title XXVIII, §2861(b)(1), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3715; renumbered §342 and amended Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1241(e)(1)–(4), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2505, 2506.)

Amendments

2016—Pub. L. 114–328, §1241(e)(1), renumbered section 184 of this title as this section.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–328, §1241(e)(2)(A), substituted "exchange of ideas, and training" for "and exchange of ideas".

Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 114–328, §1241(e)(2)(B)(i), substituted "exchange of ideas, and training" for "and exchange of ideas".

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 114–328, §1241(e)(2)(B)(ii), struck out ", except as specifically provided by law after October 17, 2006" before period at end.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–328, §1241(e)(2)(C), inserted at end "The regulations shall prioritize within the respective areas of focus of each Regional Center the functional areas for engagement of territorial and maritime security, transnational and asymmetric threats, and defense sector governance."

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 114–328, §1241(e)(2)(D)(i), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), substituted "security personnel" for "security civilian government officials", and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (f)(5). Pub. L. 114–328, §1241(e)(2)(D)(ii), substituted "under section 312 of this title are also available for the costs of the operation of the Regional Centers." for "under the Latin American cooperation authority set forth in section 1050 of this title are also available for the costs of the operation of the William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies."

2014—Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 113–291 substituted "Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies" for "Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies".

2013—Subsec. (b)(2)(C). Pub. L. 112–239, §2854(b)(1)(A), substituted "The William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies" for "The Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies".

Subsec. (f)(5). Pub. L. 112–239, §2854(b)(1)(B), substituted "the William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies" for "the Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies".

2011—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 112–81 struck out subsec. (h) which required the Secretary of Defense to submit an annual report on the operation of the Regional Centers for security studies during the preceding fiscal year.

2009—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 111–84 substituted "October 17, 2006" for "the date of the enactment of this section".

2006—Pub. L. 109–364 amended section catchline and text generally. Prior to amendment, section consisted of subsecs. (a) to (c) relating to notification to Congress of the establishment of new regional centers, annual report on the operation of such centers, and definition of "regional center for security studies".

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 109–163 substituted "under section 2611 of this title." for "under any of the following provisions of law:

"(B) Section 1306 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1995 (Public Law 103–337; 108 Stat. 2892).

"(C) Section 1065 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997 (Public Law 104–201; 110 Stat. 2653; 10 U.S.C. 113 note)."

2003—Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 108–136 struck out "foreign" before "gifts".

2001—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–107 substituted "October 30, 2000," for "the date of the enactment of this section," in introductory provisions.

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title IX, §941(a)(2), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4576, provided that: "The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall take effect on October 1, 2008, and shall apply with respect to programs and activities under [former] section 184 of title 10, United States Code (as so amended) [now 10 U.S.C. 342], that begin on or after that date."

Redesignation of the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies as the Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies

Pub. L. 113–291, div. B, title XXVIII, §2861(a), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3715, provided that: "The Department of Defense regional center for security studies known as the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies is hereby renamed the 'Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies'."

Pub. L. 113–291, div. B, title XXVIII, §2861(c), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3716, provided that: "Any reference to the Department of Defense Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies in any law, regulation, map, document, record, or other paper of the United States shall be deemed to be a reference to the Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies."

Redesignation of the Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies as the William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies

Pub. L. 112–239, div. B, title XXVIII, §2854(a), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2161, provided that: "The Department of Defense regional center for security studies known as the Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies is hereby renamed the 'William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies' ".

Pub. L. 112–239, div. B, title XXVIII, §2854(c), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2162, provided that: "Any reference to the Department of Defense Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies in any law, regulation, map, document, record, or other paper of the United States shall be deemed to be a reference to the William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies."

Temporary Waiver of Reimbursement of Costs of Activities for Nongovernmental Personnel

Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title IX, §941(b), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4577, as amended by Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title IX, §941, Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4340; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title IX, §953, Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1895; Pub. L. 113–66, div. A, title X, §1094(b), Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 878; Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title IX, §913, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3474, provided a temporary waiver of reimbursement of costs of activities for nongovernmental personnel, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1241(e)(5)(A), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2507.

§343. Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation

(a) Establishment and Administration.—(1) The Secretary of Defense may operate an education and training facility for the purpose set forth in subsection (b). The facility shall be known as the "Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation".

(2) The Secretary may designate the Secretary of a military department as the Department of Defense executive agent for carrying out the responsibilities of the Secretary of Defense under this section.

(b) Purpose.—The purpose of the Institute is to provide professional education and training to eligible personnel of countries of the Western Hemisphere within the context of the democratic principles set forth in the Charter of the Organization of American States (such charter being a treaty to which the United States is a party), while fostering mutual knowledge, transparency, confidence, and cooperation among the participating countries and promoting democratic values, respect for human rights, and knowledge and understanding of United States customs and traditions.

(c) Eligible Personnel.—(1) Subject to paragraph (2), personnel of countries of the Western Hemisphere are eligible for education and training at the Institute as follows:

(2) The Secretary of State shall be consulted in the selection of foreign personnel for education or training at the Institute.

(d) Curriculum.—(1) The curriculum of the Institute shall include mandatory instruction for each student, for at least 8 hours, on human rights, the rule of law, due process, civilian control of the military, and the role of the military in a democratic society.

(2) The curriculum may include instruction and other educational and training activities on the following:

(e) Board of Visitors.—(1) There shall be a Board of Visitors for the Institute. The Board shall be composed of the following:

(A) The chairman and ranking minority member of the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate, or a designee of either of them.

(B) The chairman and ranking minority member of the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives, or a designee of either of them.

(C) Six persons designated by the Secretary of Defense including, to the extent practicable, persons from academia and the religious and human rights communities.

(E) The senior military officer responsible for training and doctrine for the Army or, if the Secretary of the Navy or the Secretary of the Air Force is designated as the executive agent of the Secretary of Defense under subsection (a)(2), the senior military officer responsible for training and doctrine for the Navy or Marine Corps or for the Air Force, respectively, or a designee of the senior military officer concerned.

(F) The commanders of the combatant commands having geographic responsibility for the Western Hemisphere, or the designees of those officers.

(2) A vacancy in a position on the Board shall be filled in the same manner as the position was originally filled.

(4)(A) The Board shall inquire into the curriculum, instruction, physical equipment, fiscal affairs, and academic methods of the Institute, other matters relating to the Institute that the Board decides to consider, and any other matter that the Secretary of Defense determines appropriate.

(B) The Board shall review the curriculum of the Institute to determine whether—

(ii) the curriculum is consistent with United States policy goals toward Latin America and the Caribbean;

(iv) the instruction under the curriculum appropriately emphasizes the matters specified in subsection (d)(1).

(5) Not later than 60 days after its annual meeting, the Board shall submit to the Secretary of Defense a written report of its activities and of its views and recommendations pertaining to the Institute.

(6) Members of the Board shall not be compensated by reason of service on the Board.

(7) With the approval of the Secretary of Defense, the Board may accept and use the services of voluntary and uncompensated advisers appropriate to the duties of the Board without regard to section 1342 of title 31.

(8) Members of the Board and advisers whose services are accepted under paragraph (7) shall be allowed travel and transportation expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, while away from their homes or regular places of business in the performance of services for the Board. Allowances under this paragraph shall be computed—

(A) in the case of members of the Board who are officers or employees of the United States, at rates authorized for employees of agencies under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5; and

(B) in the case of other members of the Board and advisers, as authorized under section 5703 of title 5 for employees serving without pay.

(9) The Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.), other than section 14 (relating to termination after two years), shall apply to the Board.

(f) Authority To Accept Foreign Gifts and Donations.—(1) The Secretary of Defense may, on behalf of the Institute, accept foreign gifts or donations in order to defray the costs of, or enhance the operation of, the Institute.

(2) Funds received by the Secretary under paragraph (1) shall be credited to appropriations available for the Department of Defense for the Institute. Funds so credited shall be merged with the appropriations to which credited and shall be available for the Institute for the same purposes and same period as the appropriations with which merged.

(3) The Secretary of Defense shall notify Congress if the total amount of money accepted under paragraph (1) exceeds $1,000,000 in any fiscal year. Any such notice shall list each of the contributors of such money and the amount of each contribution in such fiscal year.

(4) For the purposes of this subsection, a foreign gift or donation is a gift or donation of funds, materials (including research materials), property, or services (including lecture services and faculty services) from a foreign government, a foundation or other charitable organization in a foreign country, or an individual in a foreign country.

(g) Fixed Costs.—The fixed costs of operating and maintaining the Institute for a fiscal year may be paid from—

(1) any funds available for that fiscal year for operation and maintenance for the executive agent designated under subsection (a)(2); or

(2) if no executive agent is designated under subsection (a)(2), any funds available for that fiscal year for the Department of Defense for operation and maintenance for Defense-wide activities.

(h) Tuition.—Tuition fees charged for persons who attend the Institute may not include the fixed costs of operating and maintaining the Institute.

(i) Annual Report.—Not later than March 15 of each year, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a detailed report on the activities of the Institute during the preceding year. The report shall include a copy of the latest report of the Board of Visitors received by the Secretary under subsection (e)(5), together with any comments of the Secretary on the Board's report. The report shall be prepared in consultation with the Secretary of State.

(Added Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title IX, §911(a)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–226, §2166; amended Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title X, §1048(a)(16), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1223; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title IX, §932, Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2625; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title IX, §956, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 296; renumbered §343 and amended Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1241(f), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2507.)

References in Text

The Federal Advisory Committee Act, referred to in subsec. (e)(9), is Pub. L. 92–463, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 770, as amended, which is set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Amendments

2016—Pub. L. 114–328, §1241(f)(1), renumbered section 2166 of this title as this section.

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 114–328, §1241(f)(2), substituted "countries" for "nations" wherever appearing.

2008—Subsec. (e)(1)(F). Pub. L. 110–181 amended subpar. (F) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (F) read as follows: "The commander of the unified combatant command having geographic responsibility for Latin America, or a designee of that officer."

2002—Subsecs. (f) to (h). Pub. L. 107–314, §932(a), added subsec. (f) and redesignated former subsecs. (f) and (g) as (g) and (h), respectively.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 107–314, §932(a)(1), (b), redesignated subsec. (h) as (i) and inserted after first sentence "The report shall include a copy of the latest report of the Board of Visitors received by the Secretary under subsection (e)(5), together with any comments of the Secretary on the Board's report."

2001—Subsec. (e)(9). Pub. L. 107–107 substituted "(5 U.S.C. App.)" for "(5 U.S.C. App. 2)".

Termination of Reporting Requirements

For termination, effective Dec. 31, 2021, of provisions in subsec. (i) of this section requiring submittal of annual report to Congress, see section 1061 of Pub. L. 114–328, set out as a note under section 111 of this title.

§344. Participation in multinational military centers of excellence

(a) Participation Authorized.—The Secretary of Defense may, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State, authorize the participation of members of the armed forces and Department of Defense civilian personnel in any multinational military center of excellence for purposes of—

(1) enhancing the ability of military forces and civilian personnel of the nations participating in such center to engage in joint exercises or coalition or international military operations; or

(2) improving interoperability between the armed forces and the military forces of friendly foreign nations.

(b) Memorandum of Understanding.—(1) The participation of members of the armed forces or Department of Defense civilian personnel in a multinational military center of excellence under subsection (a) shall be in accordance with the terms of one or more memoranda of understanding entered into by the Secretary of Defense, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State, and the foreign nation or nations concerned.

(2) If Department of Defense facilities, equipment, or funds are used to support a multinational military center of excellence under subsection (a), the memoranda of understanding under paragraph (1) with respect to that center shall provide details of any cost-sharing arrangement or other funding arrangement.

(c) Availability of Appropriated Funds.—(1) Funds appropriated to the Department of Defense for operation and maintenance are available as follows:

(A) To pay the United States share of the operating expenses of any multinational military center of excellence in which the United States participates under this section.

(B) To pay the costs of the participation of members of the armed forces and Department of Defense civilian personnel in multinational military centers of excellence under this section, including the costs of expenses of such participants.

(2) No funds may be used under this section to fund the pay or salaries of members of the armed forces and Department of Defense civilian personnel who participate in multinational military centers of excellence under this section.

(d) Use of Department of Defense Facilities and Equipment.—Facilities and equipment of the Department of Defense may be used for purposes of the support of multinational military centers of excellence under this section that are hosted by the Department.

(e) Multinational Military Center of Excellence Defined.—In this section, the term "multinational military center of excellence" means an entity sponsored by one or more nations that is accredited and approved by the Military Committee of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) as offering recognized expertise and experience to personnel participating in the activities of such entity for the benefit of NATO by providing such personnel opportunities to—

(Added Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title XII, §1232(a)(1), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4637, §2350m; amended Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1076(f)(25), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1953; renumbered §344 and amended Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1241(g), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2507.)

Amendments

2016—Pub. L. 114–328, §1241(g)(1), renumbered section 2350m of this title as this section.

Subsecs. (e), (f). Pub. L. 114–328, §1241(g)(2), redesignated subsec. (f) as (e) and struck out former subsec. (e) which required the Secretary of Defense, not later than October 31 of each year, to submit to the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives a report on the use of the authority in this section during the preceding fiscal year.

2013—Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 112–239 substituted "Not later than October 31 each year" for "Not later than October 31, 2009, and annually thereafter".

Effective Date

Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title XII, §1232(c), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4639, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this section] shall take effect on October 1, 2008."

§345. Regional Defense Combating Terrorism Fellowship Program

(a) Authority To Use Funds.—Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, funds appropriated to the Department of Defense may be used to pay any costs associated with the education and training of foreign military officers, ministry of defense officials, or security officials at military or civilian educational institutions, regional centers, conferences, seminars, or other training programs conducted under the Regional Defense Combating Terrorism Fellowship Program. Costs for which payment may be made under this section include the costs of transportation and travel and subsistence costs.

(b) Limitation.—The total amount of funds used under the authority in subsection (a) in any fiscal year may not exceed $35,000,000. Amounts available under the authority in subsection (a) for a fiscal year may be used for programs that begin in such fiscal year but end in the next fiscal year.

(c) Annual Report.—Not later than December 1 of each year, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the administration of this section during the fiscal year ended in such year. The report shall include the following matters:

(1) A complete accounting of the expenditure of appropriated funds for purposes authorized under subsection (a), including—

(A) the countries of the foreign officers and officials for whom costs were paid; and

(2) The training courses attended by the foreign officers and officials, including a specification of which, if any, courses were conducted in foreign countries.

(3) An assessment of the effectiveness of the program referred to in subsection (a), including engagement activities for program alumni, in increasing the cooperation of the governments of foreign countries with the United States in the global war on terrorism.

(4) A discussion of any actions being taken to improve the program, including a list of any unfunded or unmet training requirements and requests.

(5) A discussion and justification of how the program fits within the theater security priorities of each of the commanders of the geographic combatant commands.

(Added Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XII, §1221(a)(1), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1651, §2249c; amended Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title XII, §1204(a)–(d)(2), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2415; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title XII, §1209(a), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4627; Pub. L. 113–66, div. A, title X, §1032(a), Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 850; renumbered §345 and amended Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1247(a)–(c), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2521.)

Amendments

2016—Pub. L. 114–328, §1247(a), (c), renumbered section 2249c of this title as this section and substituted "Regional Defense Combating Terrorism Fellowship Program" for "Regional Defense Combating Terrorism Fellowship Program: authority to use appropriated funds for costs associated with education and training of foreign officials" in section catchline.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–328, §1247(b), substituted "to the appropriate committees of Congress" for "to Congress" in introductory provisions.

2013—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 113–66, §1032(a)(1), inserted ", including engagement activities for program alumni," after "subsection (a)".

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 113–66, §1032(a)(2), inserted ", including a list of any unfunded or unmet training requirements and requests" after "program".

2008—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–417 substituted "$35,000,000" for "$25,000,000".

2006—Pub. L. 109–364, §1204(d)(2), substituted "Regional Defense Combating Terrorism Fellowship Program: authority to use appropriated funds for costs associated with education and training of foreign officials" for "Authority to use appropriated funds for costs of attendance of foreign visitors under Regional Defense Counterterrorism Fellowship Program" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–364, §1204(a), substituted "the education and training of foreign military officers, ministry of defense officials, or security officials at military or civilian educational institutions, regional centers, conferences, seminars, or other training programs conducted under the Regional Defense Combating Terrorism Fellowship Program" for "the attendance of foreign military officers, ministry of defense officials, or security officials at United States military educational institutions, regional centers, conferences, seminars, or other training programs conducted under the Regional Defense Counterterrorism Fellowship Program, including costs of transportation and travel and subsistence costs" and inserted at end "Costs for which payment may be made under this section include the costs of transportation and travel and subsistence costs."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–364, §1204(b), (c), substituted "$25,000,000" for "$20,000,000" and inserted at end "Amounts available under the authority in subsection (a) for a fiscal year may be used for programs that begin in such fiscal year but end in the next fiscal year."

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 109–364, §1204(d)(1), substituted "program referred to in subsection (a)" for "Regional Defense Counterterrorism Fellowship Program".

Effective Date of 2013 Amendment

Pub. L. 113–66, div. A, title X, §1032(b), Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 850, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to a report submitted for a fiscal year beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 26, 2013]."

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title XII, §1209(b), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4627, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on October 1, 2008, and shall apply with respect to fiscal years beginning on or after that date."

Regulations

Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XII, §1221(b), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1651, provided that: "Not later than December 1, 2003, the Secretary of Defense shall—

"(1) prescribe the final regulations for carrying out section 2249c of title 10, United States Code, as added by subsection (a); and

"(2) notify the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and House of Representatives] of the prescription of such regulations."

Termination of Reporting Requirements

For termination, effective Dec. 31, 2021, of provisions in subsec. (c) of this section requiring submittal of annual report to Congress, see section 1061 of Pub. L. 114–328, set out as a note under section 111 of this title.

§346. Distribution to certain foreign personnel of education and training materials and information technology to enhance military interoperability with the armed forces

(a) Distribution Authorized.—To enhance interoperability between the armed forces and military forces of friendly foreign countries, the Secretary of Defense, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State, may—

(1) provide to personnel referred to in subsection (b) electronically-distributed learning content for the education and training of such personnel for the development or enhancement of allied and friendly military and civilian capabilities for multinational operations, including joint exercises and coalition operations; and

(2) provide information technology, including computer software developed for such purpose, but only to the extent necessary to support the use of such learning content for the education and training of such personnel.

(b) Authorized Recipients.—The personnel to whom learning content and information technology may be provided under subsection (a) are military and civilian personnel of a friendly foreign government, with the permission of that government.

(2) Advanced distributed learning and similar Internet learning tools, as well as distributed training and computer-assisted exercises.

(d) Applicability of Export Control Regimes.—The provision of learning content and information technology under this section shall be subject to the provisions of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.) and any other export control regime under law relating to the transfer of military technology to foreign countries.

(1) Guidance required.—The Secretary of Defense shall develop and issue guidance on the procedures for the use of the authority in this section.

(2) Modification.—If the Secretary modifies the guidance issued under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report setting forth the modified guidance not later than 30 days after the date of such modification.

(Added Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title XII, §1205(a)(1), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4623, §2249d; renumbered §346 and amended Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1241(h), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2507.)

References in Text

The Arms Export Control Act, referred to in subsec. (d), is Pub. L. 90–629, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1320, which is classified principally to chapter 39 (§2751 et seq.) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2751 of Title 22 and Tables.

Amendments

2016—Pub. L. 114–328, §1241(h)(1), renumbered section 2249d of this title as this section.

Subsecs. (a), (d). Pub. L. 114–328, §1241(h)(2)(A), substituted "countries" for "nations".

Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 114–328, §1241(h)(2)(B), struck out subsecs. (f) and (g) which, respectively, required the Secretary of Defense to submit annual reports to the appropriate committees of Congress and defined "appropriate committees of Congress".

Effective Date

Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title XII, §1205(d), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4625, provided that: "This section [enacting this section and provisions set out as notes under this section] and the amendments made by this section shall take effect on October 1, 2008."

Guidance on Utilization of Authority

Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title XII, §1205(b), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4624, provided that:

"(1) Submittal to congress.—Not later than 30 days after issuing the guidance required by section 2249d(e) [now 346(e)] of title 10, United States Code, as added by subsection (a), the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of Representatives a report setting forth such guidance.

"(2) Utilization of similar guidance.—In developing the guidance required by section 2249d(e) [now 346(e)] of title 10, United States Code, as so added, the Secretary may utilize applicable portions of the current guidance developed by the Secretary under subsection (f) of section 1207 of the John Warner National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007 (Public Law 109–364; 120 Stat. 2419) for purposes of the exercise of the authority in such section 1207."

§347. International engagement authorities for service academies

(a) Selection of Persons From Foreign Countries To Receive Instruction at Service Academies.—

(A) In general.—The Secretary of each military department may permit persons from foreign countries to receive instruction at the Service Academy under the jurisdiction of the Secretary. Such persons shall be in addition to—

(i) in the case of the United States Military Academy, the authorized strength of the Corps of the Cadets of the Academy under 4342 ¹ of this title;

(ii) in the case of the United States Naval Academy, the authorized strength of the Brigade of Midshipmen of the Academy under section 6954 of this title; and

(iii) in the case of the United States Air Force Academy, the authorized strength of the Cadet Wing of the Academy under 9342 ¹ of this title.

(B) Limitation on number.—The number of persons permitted to receive instruction at each Service Academy under this subsection may not be more than 60 at any one time.

(2) Determination of foreign countries from which persons may be selected.—The Secretary of a military department, upon approval by the Secretary of Defense, shall determine—

(A) the countries from which persons may be selected for appointment under this subsection to the Service Academy under the jurisdiction of that Secretary; and

(3) Qualifications and selection.—The Secretary of each military department—

(A) may establish entrance qualifications and methods of competition for selection among individual applicants under this subsection; and

(B) shall select those persons who will be permitted to receive instruction at the Service Academy under the jurisdiction of the Secretary under this subsection.

(4) Selection priority to persons with national service obligation upon graduation.—In selecting persons to receive instruction under this subsection from among applicants from the countries approved under paragraph (2), the Secretary of the military department concerned shall give a priority to persons who have a national service obligation to their countries upon graduation from the Service Academy concerned.

(5) Pay, allowances, and emoluments of persons admitted.—A person receiving instruction under this subsection is entitled to the pay, allowances, and emoluments of a cadet or midshipman appointed from the United States, and from the same appropriations.

(6) Reimbursement of costs by foreign countries from which persons are admitted.—

(A) Reimbursement required.—Each foreign country from which a cadet or midshipman is permitted to receive instruction at one of the Service Academies under this subsection shall reimburse the United States for the cost of providing such instruction, including the cost of pay, allowances, and emoluments provided under paragraph (5). The Secretaries of the military departments shall prescribe the rates for reimbursement under this paragraph, except that the reimbursement rates may not be less than the cost to the United States of providing such instruction, including pay, allowances, and emoluments, to a cadet or midshipman appointed from the United States.

(B) Waiver authority.—The Secretary of Defense may waive, in whole or in part, the requirement for reimbursement of the cost of instruction for a cadet or midshipman under subparagraph (A). In the case of a partial waiver, the Secretary of Defense shall establish the amount waived.

(A) In general.—Except as the Secretary of the military department concerned determines, a person receiving instruction under this subsection at the Service Academy under the jurisdiction of that Secretary is subject to the same regulations governing admission, attendance, discipline, resignation, discharge, dismissal, and graduation as a cadet or midshipman at that Academy appointed from the United States.

(B) Classified information.—The Secretary of the military department concerned may prescribe regulations with respect to access to classified information by a person receiving instruction under this subsection at the Service Academy under the jurisdiction of that Secretary that differ from the regulations that apply to a cadet or midshipman at that Academy appointed from the United States.

(8) Ineligibility for appointment in the united states armed forces.—A person receiving instruction at a Service Academy under this subsection is not entitled to an appointment in an armed force of the United States by reason of graduation from the Academy.

(9) Inapplicability of requirement for taking oath of admission.—A person receiving instruction under this subsection is not subject to section 4346(d), 6958(d), or 9346(d) of this title, as the case may be.

(1) Exchange programs authorized.—The Secretary of a military department may permit a student enrolled at a military academy of a foreign country to receive instruction at the Service Academy under the jurisdiction of that Secretary in exchange for a cadet or midshipman receiving instruction at that foreign military academy pursuant to an exchange agreement entered into between the Secretary and appropriate officials of the foreign country. A student receiving instruction at a Service Academy under the exchange program under this subsection shall be in addition to persons receiving instruction at the Academy under subsection (a).

(2) Limitations on number and duration of exchanges.—An exchange agreement under this subsection between the Secretary and a foreign country shall provide for the exchange of students on a one-for-one basis each fiscal year. Not more than 100 cadets or midshipmen from each Service Academy and a comparable number of students from foreign military academies participating in the exchange program may be exchanged during any fiscal year. The duration of an exchange may not exceed the equivalent of one academic semester at a Service Academy.

(A) No pay and allowances.—A student from a military academy of a foreign country is not entitled to the pay, allowances, and emoluments of a cadet or midshipman by reason of attendance at a Service Academy under the exchange program, and the Department of Defense may not incur any cost of international travel required for transportation of such a student to and from the sponsoring foreign country.

(B) Subsistence, transportation, etc..—The Secretary of the military department concerned may provide a student from a foreign country under the exchange program, during the period of the exchange, with subsistence, transportation within the continental United States, clothing, health care, and other services to the same extent that the foreign country provides comparable support and services to the exchanged cadet or midshipman in that foreign country.

(C) Source of funds.—A Service Academy shall bear all costs of the exchange program from funds appropriated for that Academy and from such additional funds as may be available to that Academy from a source, other than appropriated funds, to support cultural immersion, regional awareness, or foreign language training activities in connection with the exchange program.

(D) Limitation on expenditures.—Expenditures in support of the exchange program from funds appropriated for each Academy may not exceed $1,000,000 during any fiscal year.

(4) Application of other laws.—Paragraphs (7), (8), and (9) of subsection (a) shall apply with respect to a student enrolled at a military academy of a foreign country while attending a Service Academy under the exchange program.

(5) Regulations.—The Secretary of the military department concerned shall prescribe regulations to implement this subsection. Such regulations may include qualification criteria and methods of selection for students of foreign military academies to participate in the exchange program.

(1) Attendance authorized.—The Secretary of a military department may authorize the Service Academy under the jurisdiction of that Secretary to permit students, officers, and other representatives of a foreign country to attend that Academy for periods of not more than four weeks if the Secretary determines that the attendance of such persons contributes significantly to the development of foreign language, cross-cultural interactions and understanding, and cultural immersion of cadets or midshipmen, as the case may be.

(2) Effect of attendance.—Persons attending a Service Academy under paragraph (1) are not considered to be students enrolled at that Academy and are in addition to persons receiving instruction at that Academy under subsection (a) or (b).

(A) Costs and expenses.—The Secretary of a military department may pay the travel, subsistence, and similar personal expenses of persons incurred to attend the Service Academy under the jurisdiction of that Secretary under paragraph (1).

(B) Source of funds.—Each Service Academy shall bear the costs of the attendance of persons at that Academy under paragraph (1) from funds appropriated for that Academy and from such additional funds as may be available to that Academy from a source, other than appropriated funds, to support cultural immersion, regional awareness, or foreign language training activities in connection with their attendance.

(C) Limitation on expenditures.—Expenditures from appropriated funds in support of activities under this subsection for any Service Academy may not exceed $40,000 during any fiscal year.

(d) Service Academy Defined.—In this section, the term "Service Academy" means the following:

(Added Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1248(a), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2522.)

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in sections 4344 to 4345a, 6957 to 6957b, and 9344 to 9345a, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 114–328.

§348. Aviation Leadership Program

(a) In General.—Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Air Force may carry out an Aviation Leadership Program to provide undergraduate pilot training and necessary related training to personnel of the air forces of friendly, developing foreign countries. Training under this section shall include language training and programs to promote better awareness and understanding of the democratic institutions and social framework of the United States.

(b) Supplies and Clothing.—(1) The Secretary of the Air Force may, under such conditions as the Secretary may prescribe, provide to a person receiving training under this section—

(2) The Secretary may authorize such expenditures from the appropriations of the Air Force as the Secretary considers necessary for the efficient and effective maintenance of the Program in accordance with this section.

(c) Allowances.—The Secretary of the Air Force may pay to a person receiving training under this section a living allowance at a rate to be prescribed by the Secretary, taking into account the amount of living allowances authorized for a member of the armed forces under similar circumstances.

(Added Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1241(i)(1), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2507.)

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in chapter 905 of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 114–328.

Congressional Findings

Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title XI, §1178(a), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1768, provided that: "The Congress finds the following:

"(1) The training in the United States of pilots from the air forces of friendly foreign nations furthers the interests of the United States, promotes closer relations with such nations, and advances the national security.

"(2) Many friendly foreign nations cannot afford to reimburse the United States for the cost of such training.

"(3) It is in the interest of the United States that the Secretary of the Air Force establish a program to train in the United States pilots from the air forces of friendly, less developed foreign nations."

§349. Inter-American Air Forces Academy

(a) Operation.—The Secretary of the Air Force may operate the Air Force education and training facility known as the Inter-American Air Forces Academy for the purpose of providing military education and training to military personnel of Central and South American countries, Caribbean countries, and other countries eligible for assistance under chapter 5 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2347 et seq.).

(1) Concurrence of secretary of state.—Military personnel of a foreign country may be provided education and training under this section only with the concurrence of the Secretary of State.

(2) Assistance otherwise prohibited by law.—Education and training may not be provided under this section to the military personnel of any country that is otherwise prohibited from receiving such type of assistance under any other provision of law.

(c) Costs.—The fixed costs of operating and maintaining the Inter-American Air Forces Academy may be paid from funds available for operation and maintenance of the Air Force.

(Added Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title III, §330(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1535, §9415; renumbered §349 and amended Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1241(j), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2508.)

References in Text

The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424. Chapter 5 of part II of such Act is classified generally to part V of subchapter II (§2347 et seq.) of chapter 32 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of Title 22 and Tables.

Amendments

2016—Pub. L. 114–328, §1241(j)(1), renumbered section 9415 of this title as this section.

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 114–328, §1241(j)(2), added subsec. (b) and redesignated former subsec. (b) as (c).

§350. Inter-European Air Forces Academy

(a) Operation.—The Secretary of the Air Force may operate the Air Force education and training facility known as the Inter-European Air Forces Academy (in this section referred to as the "Academy").

(b) Purpose.—The purpose of the Academy shall be to provide military education and training to military personnel of countries that are members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization or signatories to the Partnership for Peace Framework Documents.

(1) Concurrence of secretary of state.—Military personnel of a country may be provided education and training under this section only with the concurrence of the Secretary of State.

(d) Supplies and Clothing.—The Secretary of the Air Force may, under such conditions as the Secretary may prescribe, provide to a person receiving education and training under this section the following:

(3) Billeting, food, and health services in connection with the receipt of such education and training.

(e) Living Allowance.—The Secretary of the Air Force may pay to a person receiving education and training under this section a living allowance at a rate to be prescribed by the Secretary, taking into account the rates of living allowances authorized for a member of the Armed Forces under similar circumstances.

(f) Funding.—Amounts for the operations and maintenance of the Academy, and for the provision of education and training through the Academy, may be paid from funds available for the Air Force for operation and maintenance.

(Added Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1241(k)(1), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2508.)

Codification

Text of section, as added by Pub. L. 114–328, is based on text of subsecs. (a) to (f) of section 1268 of Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title XII, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3585, which was formerly set out as a note under section 9411 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1241(k)(2), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2509.

[§351. Renumbered §261]

SUBCHAPTER VI—LIMITATIONS ON USE OF DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE FUNDS

Sec.

361.

Prohibition on providing financial assistance to terrorist countries.

362.

Prohibition on use of funds for assistance to units of foreign security forces that have committed a gross violation of human rights.

§361. Prohibition on providing financial assistance to terrorist countries

(a) Prohibition.—Funds available to the Department of Defense may not be obligated or expended to provide financial assistance to—

(1) any country with respect to which the Secretary of State has made a determination under section 6(j)(1)(A) of the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. 4605(j)(1)(A));

(2) any country identified in the latest report submitted to Congress under section 140 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1988 and 1989 (22 U.S.C. 2656f), as providing significant support for international terrorism; or

(A) grants sanctuary from prosecution to any individual or group that has committed an act of international terrorism; or

(b) Waiver.—(1) The President may waive the application of subsection (a) to a country if the President determines—

(A) that it is in the national security interests of the United States to do so; or

(A) notify the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on International Relations of the House of Representatives at least 15 days before the waiver takes effect; and

(c) Definition.—In this section, the term "international terrorism" has the meaning given that term in section 140(d) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1988 and 1989 (22 U.S.C. 2656f(d)).

(Added Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XIII, §1341(a), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 485, §2249a; amended Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title X, §1073(a)(40), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1902; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, §1067(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 774; renumbered §361 and amended Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title X, §1081(b)(3)(B), title XII, §1241(l)(1), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2418, 2509.)

Amendments

2016—Pub. L. 114–328, §1241(l)(1), renumbered section 2249a of this title as this section.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 114–328, §1081(b)(3)(B), substituted "(50 U.S.C. 4605(j)(1)(A))" for "(50 U.S.C. App. 2405(j)(1)(A))".

1999—Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 106–65 substituted "and the Committee on Armed Services" for "and the Committee on National Security".

1997—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 105–85 substituted "50 U.S.C. App. 2405(j)(1)(A)" for "50 App. 2405(j)".

Change of Name

Committee on International Relations of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Foreign Affairs of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007.

§362. Prohibition on use of funds for assistance to units of foreign security forces that have committed a gross violation of human rights

(a) In General.—(1) Of the amounts made available to the Department of Defense, none may be used for any training, equipment, or other assistance for a unit of a foreign security force if the Secretary of Defense has credible information that the unit has committed a gross violation of human rights.

(2) The Secretary of Defense shall, in consultation with the Secretary of State, ensure that prior to a decision to provide any training, equipment, or other assistance to a unit of a foreign security force full consideration is given to any credible information available to the Department of State relating to human rights violations by such unit.

(b) Exception.—The prohibition in subsection (a)(1) shall not apply if the Secretary of Defense, after consultation with the Secretary of State, determines that the government of such country has taken all necessary corrective steps, or if the equipment or other assistance is necessary to assist in disaster relief operations or other humanitarian or national security emergencies.

(c) Waiver.—The Secretary of Defense, after consultation with the Secretary of State, may waive the prohibition in subsection (a)(1) if the Secretary determines that the waiver is required by extraordinary circumstances.

(d) Procedures.—The Secretary of Defense shall establish, and periodically update, procedures to ensure that any information in the possession of the Department of Defense about gross violations of human rights by units of foreign security forces is shared on a timely basis with the Department of State.

(e) Report.—Not later than 15 days after the application of any exception under subsection (b) or the exercise of any waiver under subsection (c), the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report—

(1) in the case of an exception under subsection (b), providing notice of the use of the exception and stating the grounds for the exception; and

(Added Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title XII, §1204(a)(1), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3531, §2249e; renumbered §362 and amended Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1241(l), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2509.)

Amendments

2016—Pub. L. 114–328, §1241(l)(1), renumbered section 2249e of this title as this section.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 114–328, §1241(l)(2), struck out subsec. (f) which defined "appropriate committees of Congress" for this section.

Annual Reports

Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title XII, §1204(b), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3533, provided that:

"(1) In general.—Not later than March 31, 2015, and every March 31 thereafter through 2024, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report setting forth for the preceding fiscal year the following:

"(A) The total number of cases submitted for vetting for purposes of section 2249e [now 362] of title 10, United States Code (as added by subsection (a)), and the total number of such cases approved, or suspended or rejected for human rights reasons, non-human rights reasons, or administrative reasons.

"(B) In the case of units rejected for non-human rights reasons, a detailed description of the reasons relating to the rejection.

"(C) A description of the interagency processes that were used to evaluate compliance with requirements to conduct vetting.

"(D) An addendum that includes any comments by the commanders of the combatant commands about the impact of section 2249e [now 362] of title 10, United States Code (as so added), on their theater security cooperation plan.

"(E) Such other matters with respect to the administration of section 2249e [now 362] of title 10, United States Code (as so added), as the Secretary considers appropriate.

"(2) Form.—Each report under this subsection shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.

"(3) Appropriate committees of congress defined.—In this subsection, the term 'appropriate committees of Congress' has the meaning given that term in subsection (f) of section 2249e [now 362] of title 10, United States Code (as so added)."

[For termination, effective Dec. 31, 2021, of annual reporting provisions in section 1204(b) of Pub. L. 113–291, set out above, see section 1061 of Pub. L. 114–328, set out as a note under section 111 of this title.]

[§371. Renumbered §271]

[§372. Renumbered §272]

[§373. Renumbered §273]

[§374. Renumbered §274]

[§375. Renumbered §275]

[§376. Renumbered §276]

[§377. Renumbered §277]

[§378. Renumbered §278]

[§379. Renumbered §279]

[§380. Renumbered §280]

SUBCHAPTER VII—ADMINISTRATIVE AND MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS

Sec.

381.

Consolidated budget.

382.

Execution and administration of programs and activities.

383.

Assessment, monitoring, and evaluation of programs and activities.

384.

Department of Defense security cooperation workforce development.

385.

Department of Defense support for other departments and agencies of the United States Government that advance Department of Defense security cooperation objectives.

386.

Annual report.

§381. Consolidated budget

(a) Consolidated Budget.—The budget of the President for each fiscal year, as submitted to Congress by the President pursuant to section 1105 of title 31, shall set forth by budget function and as a separate item the amounts requested for the Department of Defense for such fiscal year for all security cooperation programs and activities of the Department of Defense, including the military departments, to be conducted in such fiscal year, including the specific country or region and the applicable authority, to the extent practicable.

(b) Quarterly Report on Use of Funds.—Not later than 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the obligation and expenditure of funds for security cooperation programs and activities of the Department of Defense during such calendar quarter.

(Added Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1249(a), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2526.)

Prior Provisions

Effective Date; Applicability

Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1249(b), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2526, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [enacting this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2016], and shall apply as follows:

"(1) Subsection (a) of section 381 of title 10, United States Code, as added by subsection (a), shall apply to budgets submitted to Congress by the President pursuant to section 1105 of title 31, United States Code, for each fiscal year after fiscal year 2018.

"(2) Subsection (b) of such section 381, as so added, shall apply to calendar quarters beginning on or after the date of the enactment of this Act."

§382. Execution and administration of programs and activities

(a) Policy Oversight and Resource Allocation.—The Secretary of Defense shall assign responsibility for the oversight of strategic policy and guidance and responsibility for overall resource allocation for security cooperation programs and activities of the Department of Defense to a single official and office in the Office of the Secretary of Defense at the level of Under Secretary of Defense or below.

(1) In general.—The Director of the Defense Security Cooperation Agency shall be responsible for the execution and administration of all security cooperation programs and activities of the Department of Defense involving the provision of defense articles, military training, and other defense-related services by grant, loan, cash sale, or lease.

(2) Designation of responsibility.—The Director may designate an element of an armed force, combatant command, Defense Agency, Department of Defense Field Activity, or other element or organization of the Department of Defense to execute and administer security cooperation programs and activities described in paragraph (1) if the Director determines that the designation will achieve maximum effectiveness, efficiency, and economy in the activities for which designated.

(1) In general.—Funds available to the Defense Security Cooperation Agency, and other funds available to the Department of Defense for security cooperation programs and activities of the Department of Defense, may be used to implement security cooperation programs and activities of the Department of Defense authorized by this chapter.

(2) Budget justification.—Funds necessary for implementing security cooperation programs and activities of the Department of Defense under this chapter for a fiscal year shall be identified, with appropriate justification, in the consolidated budget for such fiscal year required by section 381 of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1241(m), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2509.)

Prior Provisions

§383. Assessment, monitoring, and evaluation of programs and activities

(a) Program Required.—The Secretary of Defense shall maintain a program of assessment, monitoring, and evaluation in support of the security cooperation programs and activities of the Department of Defense.

(1) Elements.—The program under subsection (a) shall provide for the following:

(A) Initial assessments of partner capability requirements, potential programmatic risks, baseline information, and indicators of efficacy for purposes of planning, monitoring, and evaluation of security cooperation programs and activities of the Department of Defense.

(B) Monitoring of implementation of such programs and activities in order to measure progress in execution and, to the extent possible, achievement of desired outcomes.

(D) Identification of lessons learned in carrying out such programs and activities, and development of recommendation for improving future security cooperation programs and activities of the Department of Defense.

(2) Best practices.—The program shall be conducted in accordance with international best practices, interagency standards, and, if applicable, the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 (Public Law 103–62), and the amendments made by that Act, and the GPRA Modernization Act of 2010 (Public Law 111–352), and the amendments made by that Act.

(2) Budget justification.—Funds described in paragraph (1) for a fiscal year shall be identified, with appropriate justification, in the consolidated budget for such fiscal year required by section 381 of this title.

(1) Reports to congress.—The Secretary shall submit to the congressional defense committees each year a report on the program under subsection (a) during the previous year. Each report shall include, for the year covered by such report, the following:

(B) An evaluation of the lessons learned and best practices identified through activities under the program.

(2) Information for the public on evaluations.—The Secretary shall make available to the public, on an Internet website of the Department of Defense available to the public, a summary of each evaluation conducted pursuant to subsection (b)(1)(C). In making a summary so available, the Secretary may redact or omit any information that the Secretary determines should not be disclosed to the public in order to protect the interest of the United States or the foreign country or countries covered by such evaluation.

(Added Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1241(m), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2510.)

References in Text

The Government Performance and Results Act of 1993, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), is Pub. L. 103–62, Aug. 3, 1993, 107 Stat. 285, which enacted section 306 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, sections 1115 to 1119, 9703, and 9704 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and sections 2801 to 2805 of Title 39, Postal Service, amended section 1105 of Title 31, and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 1101 and 1115 of Title 31. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1993 Amendment note set out under section 1101 of Title 31 and Tables.

The GPRA Modernization Act of 2010, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), is Pub. L. 111–352, Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3866, which enacted sections 1115, 1116, and 1120 to 1125 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and section 306 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, amended section 1105 of Title 31, repealed sections 1115 and 1116 of Title 31 and section 306 of Title 5, and enacted provisions set out as notes under section 1115 of Title 31 and section 5105 of Title 5. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2011 Amendment note set out under section 1101 of Title 31 and Tables.

Prior Provisions

§384. Department of Defense security cooperation workforce development

(a) Program Required.—The Secretary of Defense shall carry out a program to be known as the "Department of Defense Security Cooperation Workforce Development Program" (in this section referred to as the "Program") to oversee the development and management of a professional workforce supporting security cooperation programs and activities of the Department of Defense, including—

(1) assessment, planning, monitoring, execution, evaluation, and administration of such programs and activities under this chapter; and

(2) execution of security assistance programs and activities under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and the Arms Export Control Act by the Department of Defense.

(b) Purpose.—The purpose of the Program is to improve the quality and professionalism of the security cooperation workforce in order to ensure that the workforce—

(1) has the capacity, in both personnel and skills, needed to properly perform its mission, provide appropriate support to the assessment, planning, monitoring, execution, evaluation, and administration of security cooperation programs and activities described in subsection (a), and ensure that the Department receives the best value for the expenditure of public resources on such programs and activities; and

(2) is assigned in a manner that ensures personnel with the appropriate level of expertise and experience are assigned in sufficient numbers to fulfill requirements for the security cooperation programs and activities of the Department of Defense and the execution of security assistance programs and activities described in subsection (a)(2).

(c) Elements.—The Program shall consist of such elements relating to the development and management of the security cooperation workforce as the Secretary considers appropriate for the purposes specified in subsection (b), including elements on training, certification, assignment, and career development of personnel of the security cooperation workforce.

(d) Management.—The Program shall be managed by the Director of the Defense Security Cooperation Agency.

(1) Interim guidance.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017, the Secretary shall issue interim guidance for the execution and administration of the Program.

(2) Final guidance.—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017, the Secretary shall issue final guidance for the execution and administration of the Program.

(A) Provide direction to the Department of Defense on the establishment of professional career paths for the personnel of the security cooperation workforce, addressing training and education standards, promotion opportunities and requirements, retention policies, and scope of workforce demands.

(B) Provide for a mechanism to identify and define training and certification requirements for security cooperation positions in the Department and a means to track workforce skills and certifications.

(C) Provide for a mechanism to establish a program of professional certification in Department of Defense security cooperation for personnel of the security cooperation workforce in different career tracks and levels of competency based on requisite training and experience.

(D) Establish requirements for training and professional development associated with each level of certification provided for under subparagraph (C).

(E) Establish and maintain a school to train, educate, and certify the security cooperation workforce according to standards developed for purposes of subparagraph (C).

(F) Provide for a mechanism for assigning appropriately certified personnel of the security cooperation workforce to assignments associated with key positions in connection with security cooperation programs and activities.

(G) Identify the appropriate composition of career and temporary personnel necessary to constitute the security cooperation workforce.

(H) Identify specific positions throughout the security cooperation workforce to be managed and assigned through the Program.

(2) Budget justification.—Funds necessary to carry out the Program as described in paragraph (1) for a fiscal year shall be identified, with appropriate justification, in the consolidated budget for such fiscal year required by section 381 of this title.

(g) Use of Funds.—Amounts available for use for the Program may be transferred to any account of the military departments or the Defense Agencies for purposes of the Program.

(h) Security Cooperation Workforce Defined.—In this section, the term "security cooperation workforce" means the following:

(1) Members of the armed forces and civilian employees of the Department of Defense working in the security cooperation organizations of United States missions overseas.

(2) Members of the armed forces and civilian employees of the Department of Defense in the geographic combatant commands and functional combatant commands responsible for planning, monitoring, or conducting security cooperation activities.

(3) Members of the armed forces and civilian employees of the Department of Defense in the military departments performing security cooperation activities, including activities in connection with the acquisition and development of technology release policies.

(4) Other military and civilian personnel of Defense Agencies and Field Activities who perform security cooperation activities.

(5) Personnel of the Department of Defense who perform assessments, monitoring, or evaluations of security cooperation programs and activities of the Department of Defense, including assessments under section 383 of this title.

(6) Other members of the armed forces or civilian employees of the Department of Defense who contribute significantly to the security cooperation programs and activities of the Department of Defense by virtue of their assigned duties, as determined pursuant to the guidance issued under subsection (e).

(Added Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1250(a), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2526.)

References in Text

The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424, which is classified principally to chapter 32 (§2151 et seq.) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of Title 22 and Tables.

The Arms Export Control Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is Pub. L. 90–629, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1320, which is classified principally to chapter 39 (§2751 et seq.) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2751 of Title 22 and Tables.

The date of the enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017, referred to in subsec. (e)(1), (2), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 114–328, which was approved Dec. 23, 2016.

Prior Provisions

§385. Department of Defense support for other departments and agencies of the United States Government that advance Department of Defense security cooperation objectives

(a) Support Authorized.—Subject to subsection (c), the Secretary of Defense is authorized to support other departments and agencies of the United States Government for the purpose of implementing or supporting foreign assistance programs and activities described in subsection (b) that advance security cooperation objectives of the Department of Defense.

(b) Foreign Assistance Programs and Activities.—The foreign assistance programs and activities described in this subsection are foreign assistance programs and activities that—

(1) are necessary for the effectiveness of one or more programs of the Department of Defense relating to security cooperation conducted pursuant to an authority in this chapter; and

(c) Annual Limitation on Amount of Support.—The amount of support provided pursuant to subsection (a) in any fiscal year may not exceed $75,000,000.

(d) Notice and Wait.—If a determination is made to transfer funds in connection with the provision of support pursuant to subsection (a) for a program or activity, the transfer may not occur until—

(1) the Secretary and the head of the department or agency to receive the funds jointly submit to the congressional defense committees a notice on the transfer, which notice shall include—

(A) a detailed description of the purpose and estimated cost of such program or activity;

(B) a detailed description of the security cooperation objectives of the Department, include ¹ the theater campaign plan of the combatant command concerned, that will be advanced;

(D) a justification why such program or activity cannot be carried out by the Department;

(E) an identification of any funds programmed or obligated by the department or agency other than the Department on such program or activity; and

(2) a period of 30 days elapses after the date of the submittal of the notice pursuant to paragraph (1).

(Added Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1241(m), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2511.)

§386. Annual report

(a) Annual Report Required.—Not later than January 31 of each year beginning in 2018, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that sets forth, on a country-by-country basis, a description of each program carried out by the Department of Defense under the authorities in subsection (c) to provide training, equipment, or other assistance or reimbursement during the fiscal year ending in the year before the year in which such report is submitted.

(b) Elements of Report.—Each report required under subsection (a) shall provide for each program covered by such report, and for the reporting period covered by such report, the following:

(1) A description of the purpose, duration, and type of the training, equipment, or assistance or reimbursement provided, including how the training, equipment, or assistance or reimbursement provided advances the theater security cooperation strategy of the combatant command, as appropriate.

(2) The cost and expenditures of such training, equipment, or assistance or reimbursement, including by type of support provided.

(3) A description of the metrics, if any, used for assessing the effectiveness of such training, equipment, or assistance or reimbursement provided.

(4) For each foreign country in which defense articles, defense services, supplies (including consumables), small-scale construction, or reimbursement were provided, a description of the extent of participation, if any, by the military forces and security forces or other government organizations of such foreign country.

(5) The number of members of the United States armed forces involved in providing such defense articles, defense services, supplies (including consumables), and small-scale construction, and, if applicable, a description of the military benefits for such members involved in providing such training, equipment, or assistance.

(6) A summary, by authority, of the activities carried out under each authority specified in subsection (c).

(c) Specified Authorities.—The authorities specified in this subsection are the following authorities (or any successor authorities):

(2) Section 166a(b)(6) of this title, relating to humanitarian and civic assistance by the commanders of the combatant commands.

(A) to provide assistance to nations of the former Soviet Union as part of the Warsaw Initiative Fund;

(C) to conduct a program to increase defense institutional legal capacity through the Defense Institute of International Legal Studies.

(4) Section 2249c of this title, relating to authority to use appropriated funds for costs associated with education and training of foreign officials under the Regional Defense Combating Terrorism Fellowship Program.

(5) Section 2561 of this title, relating to authority to provide humanitarian assistance.

(7) Section 1233 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 (Public Law 110–181; 122 Stat. 393), relating to authority to reimburse certain coalition nations for support provided to United States military operations.

(8) Section 1234 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 (122 Stat. 394), relating to authorization for logistical support for coalition forces supporting certain United States military operations.

(9) Section 1033 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1998 (Public Law 105–85; 111 Stat. 1881), relating to authority to provide additional support for counter-drug activities of Peru and Colombia.

(10) Section 1004 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1991 (10 U.S.C. 374 note), relating to additional support for counter-drug activities.

(11) Section 401 of this title, relating to humanitarian and civic assistance provided in conjunction with military operations.

(12) Section 1206 of the Carl Levin and Howard P. "Buck" McKeon National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015 (128 Stat. 3538; 10 U.S.C. 2282 note), relating to authority to conduct human rights training of security forces and associated security ministries of foreign countries.

(13) Any other authority on assistance or reimbursement that the Secretary of Defense considers appropriate and consistent with subsection (a).

(1) In general.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), if any information required under subsection (a) has been included in another report or notification previously submitted to Congress by law, the Secretary of Defense may provide a list of such reports and notifications at the time of submitting the report required by subsection (a) in lieu of including such information in the report required by subsection (a).

(2) Exception.—Paragraph (1) does not apply with respect to information required under subsection (a) that is required to be submitted as described in paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (b).

(e) Form.—Each report required under subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain a classified annex that may also include other sensitive information.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §§1246(d)(2)(A), 1251(a)–(f), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2521, 2529–2531.)

Amendment of Subsection (c)(1)

Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1246(d)(2)(A), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2521, provided that, effective as of Jan. 1, 2020, subsection (c)(1) of this section is amended by inserting "341," after "333,". See 2016 Amendment note below.

References in Text

Section 168 of this title, referred to in subsec. (c)(3), was repealed by Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1253(a)(1)(A), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2532.

Section 2249c of this title, referred to in subsec. (c)(4), was renumbered section 345 of this title by Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1247(a), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2521.

Section 1532, referred to in subsec. (c)(6), is section 1532 of Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title XV, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3613. Section 1532 consists of subsecs. (a) to (d). Subsecs. (a) to (c) of section 1532 are not classified to the Code, and subsec. (d) of section 1532 amended section 1531(d) of Pub. L. 113–66, which is set out as a note under section 2302 of this title.

Section 1233 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008, referred to in subsec. (c)(7), is section 1233 of Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XII, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 393, which is not classified to the Code.

Section 1234 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008, referred to in subsec. (c)(8), is section 1234 of Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XII, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 394, which is not classified to the Code.

Section 1033 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1998, referred to in subsec. (c)(9), is section 1033 of Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title X, Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1881, which is not classified to the Code.

Section 1004 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1991 (10 U.S.C. 374 note), referred to in subsec. (c)(10), is section 1004 of Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title X, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1629, which was set out as a note under section 374 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title X, §1011(b), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2385. See section 284 of this title.

Section 1206 of the Carl Levin and Howard P. "Buck" McKeon National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015, referred to in subsec. (c)(12), is section 1206 of Pub. L. 113–291, which is set out as a note under section 2282 of this title.

Codification

Text of section, as added by Pub. L. 114–328, is based on text of subsecs. (a) to (e) of section 1211 of Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title XII, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3544, which was not classified to the Code.

Amendments

2016—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–328, §1251(b)(6), which directed striking out "under the authorities in subsection (c)" after "submitted", was executed by striking out "under the authorities specified in subsection (c)" after "submitted", to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 114–328, §1251(b)(1)–(5), in heading, substituted "Annual Report Required" for "Biennial Report Required", and, in text, substituted "Not later than January 31 of each year beginning in 2018, the Secretary of Defense" for "Not later than February 1 of each of 2016, 2018, and 2020, the Secretary of Defense", "appropriate congressional committees" for "congressional defense committees", "assistance" for "security assistance", and "the fiscal year" for "the two fiscal years" and inserted "under the authorities in subsection (c)" after "Department of Defense".

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 114–328, §1251(c)(1), inserted ", duration," after "purpose".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 114–328, §1251(c)(2), substituted "The cost and expenditures" for "The cost".

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 114–328, §1246(d)(2)(A), inserted "341," after "333,".

Pub. L. 114–328, §1251(d)(1), added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: "Section 127d of title 10, United States Code, relating to authority to provide logistic support, supplies, and services to allied forces participating in a combined operation with the Armed Forces."

Subsec. (c)(2), (3). Pub. L. 114–328, §1251(d)(6), substituted "of this title" for "of title 10, United States Code".

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 114–328, §1251(d)(2), (3), (6), redesignated par. (6) as (4), substituted "of this title" for "of title 10, United States Code", and struck out former par. (4) which read as follows: "Section 2010 of title 10, United States Code, relating to authority to reimburse foreign troops for participation in combined exercises."

Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 114–328, §1251(d)(2), (3), (6), redesignated par. (8) as (5), substituted "of this title" for "of title 10, United States Code", and struck out former par. (5) which read as follows: "Section 2011 of title 10, United States Code, relating to authority to reimburse foreign troops for participation in Joint Combined Exercise Training."

Subsec. (c)(6). Pub. L. 114–328, §1251(d)(3), redesignated par. (9) as (6). Former par. (6) redesignated (4).

Subsec. (c)(7). Pub. L. 114–328, §1251(d)(2), (3), redesignated par. (13) as (7) and struck out former par. (7) which read as follows: "Section 2282 of title 10, United States Code (as added by section 1205 of this Act), relating to authority to build the capacity of foreign military forces, or the predecessor authority to such section in section 1206 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2006 (Public Law 109–163; 119 Stat. 3456)."

Subsec. (c)(8), (9). Pub. L. 114–328, §1251(d)(3), redesignated pars. (14) and (15) as (8) and (9), respectively. Former pars. (8) and (9) redesignated (5) and (6), respectively.

Subsec. (c)(10). Pub. L. 114–328, §1251(d)(2), (3), redesignated par. (16) as (10) and struck out former par. (10) which read as follows: "Section 1205 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014 (32 U.S.C. 107 note), relating to authority for National Guard State Partnership program."

Subsec. (c)(11), (12). Pub. L. 114–328, §1251(d)(2), (4), added pars. (11) and (12) and struck out former pars. (11) and (12) which read as follows:

"(11) Section 1081 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012 (10 U.S.C. 168 note), relating to the Ministry of Defense Advisors program.

"(12) Section 1207 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012 (22 U.S.C. 2151 note), relating to the Global Security Contingency Fund."

Subsec. (c)(13). Pub. L. 114–328, §1251(d)(5), redesignated par. (17) as (13). Former par. (13) redesignated (7).

Subsec. (c)(14) to (16). Pub. L. 114–328, §1251(d)(3), redesignated pars. (14) to (16) as (8) to (10), respectively.

Subsec. (c)(17). Pub. L. 114–328, §1251(d)(5), redesignated par. (17) as (13).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 114–328, §1251(e), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and inserted heading, substituted "Except as provided in paragraph (2), if any information" for "If any information", and added par. (2).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 114–328, §1251(f), inserted "that may also include other sensitive information" after "annex".

Effective Date of 2016 Amendment

Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1246(d)(2), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2521, provided that the amendment made by section 1246(d)(2)(A) is effective as of January 1, 2020.

CHAPTER 16—SECURITY COOPERATION

SUBCHAPTER I—GENERAL MATTERS

§301. Definitions

References in Text

Savings Clause

Prescription of Term "Developing Country"

Quadrennial Review of Security Sector Assistance Programs and Authorities of the United States Government

SUBCHAPTER II—MILITARY-TO-MILITARY ENGAGEMENTS

§311. Exchange of defense personnel between United States and friendly foreign countries: authority

Codification

Prior Provisions

Amendments

Limitation on Military-to-Military Exchanges and Contacts With Chinese People's Liberation Army

§312. Payment of personnel expenses necessary for theater security cooperation

Prior Provisions

§313. Bilateral or regional cooperation programs: awards and mementos to recognize superior noncombat achievements or performance

Amendments

SUBCHAPTER III—TRAINING WITH FOREIGN FORCES

§321. Training with friendly foreign countries: payment of training and exercise expenses

References in Text

Amendments

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

§322. Special operations forces: training with friendly foreign forces

Amendments

Termination of Reporting Requirements

Training of General Purpose Forces of the United States Armed Forces With Military and Other Security Forces of Friendly Foreign Countries

SUBCHAPTER IV—SUPPORT FOR OPERATIONS AND CAPACITY BUILDING

§331. Friendly foreign countries: authority to provide support for conduct of operations

Prior Provisions

Amendments

§332. Friendly foreign countries; international and regional organizations: defense institution capacity building

Codification

Prior Provisions

Amendments

§333. Foreign security forces: authority to build capacity

References in Text

Prior Provisions

Guidance

[§334. Renumbered §254]

[§335. Renumbered §255]

[§336. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–513, title V, §511(11)(B), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2921]

Effective Date of Repeal

SUBCHAPTER V—EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING ACTIVITIES

§341. Department of Defense State Partnership Program

Amendment of Subsections (f) and (g)

Codification

Amendments

Effective Date of 2016 Amendment

§342. Regional Centers for Security Studies

Amendments

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Redesignation of the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies as the Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies

Redesignation of the Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies as the William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies

Temporary Waiver of Reimbursement of Costs of Activities for Nongovernmental Personnel

§343. Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation

References in Text

Amendments

Termination of Reporting Requirements

§344. Participation in multinational military centers of excellence

Amendments

Effective Date

§345. Regional Defense Combating Terrorism Fellowship Program

Amendments

Effective Date of 2013 Amendment

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Regulations

Termination of Reporting Requirements

§346. Distribution to certain foreign personnel of education and training materials and information technology to enhance military interoperability with the armed forces

References in Text

Amendments

Effective Date

Guidance on Utilization of Authority

§347. International engagement authorities for service academies

Prior Provisions

§348. Aviation Leadership Program

Prior Provisions

Congressional Findings

§349. Inter-American Air Forces Academy

References in Text

Amendments