The Congress finds and declares the following:
(1) In an increasingly competitive world economy, the companies and nations that lead in the rapid development, commercialization, and application of new and advanced technologies, and in the high-quality, competitively priced production of goods and services, will lead in economic growth, employment, and high living standards.
(2) While the United States remains the world leader in science and invention, it has not done well in rapidly making the transition from achievement in its research laboratories to high-quality, competitively priced production of goods and services. This lag and the unprecedented competitive challenge that the United States has faced from abroad have contributed to a drop in real wages and living standards.
(3) Companies that are successfully competitive in the rapid development, commercialization, application, and implementation of advanced technologies, and in the successful delivery of goods and services, recognize that worker participation and labor-management cooperation in the deployment, application, and implementation of advanced workplace technologies make an important contribution to high-quality, competitively priced production of goods and services and in maintaining and improving real wages for workers.
(4) The Federal Government has an important role in encouraging and augmenting private sector efforts relating to the development, application, manufacture, and deployment of new and advanced technologies. The role should be to—
(A) work with private companies, States, worker organizations, nonprofit organizations, and institutions of higher education to ensure the development, application, production, and implementation of new and advanced technologies to promote the improvement of workers' skills, wages, job security, and working conditions, and a healthy environment;
(B) encourage worker and worker organization participation in the development, commercialization, evaluation, selection, application, and implementation of new and advanced technologies in the workplace; and
(C) promote the use and integration of new and advanced technologies in the workplace that enhance workers' skills.
(5) In working with the private sector to promote the technological leadership and economic growth of the United States, the Federal Government has a responsibility to ensure that Federal technology programs help the United States to remain competitive and to maintain and improve living standards and to create and retain secure jobs in economically stable communities.
(Pub. L. 103–382, title V, §542, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4051.)
Section 541 of Pub. L. 103–382 provided that: "This part [part D (§§541–547) of title V of Pub. L. 103–382, enacting this chapter] may be cited as the 'Workers Technology Skill Development Act'."
Pub. L. 106–313, title I, §115, Oct. 17, 2000, 114 Stat. 1262, provided that:
"(a)
"(b)
Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title IV, §417, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–656, provided that:
"(a)
"(1) The existence and extent of age discrimination in the information technology workplace.
"(2) The extent to which there is a difference, based on age, in—
"(A) promotion and advancement;
"(B) working hours;
"(C) telecommuting;
"(D) salary; and
"(E) stock options, bonuses, and other benefits.
"(3) The relationship between rates of advancement, promotion, and compensation to experience, skill level, education, and age.
"(4) Differences in skill level on the basis of age.
"(b)
Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title IV, §418(a), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–656, provided that:
"(1)
"(A) Future training and education needs of companies in the high technology and information technology sectors and future training and education needs of United States students to ensure that students' skills at various levels are matched to the needs in such sectors.
"(B) An analysis of progress made by educators, employers, and government entities to improve the teaching and educational level of American students in the fields of math, science, computer science, and engineering since 1998.
"(C) An analysis of the number of United States workers currently or projected to work overseas in professional, technical, and managerial capacities.
"(D) The relative achievement rates of United States and foreign students in secondary schools in a variety of subjects, including math, science, computer science, English, and history.
"(E) The relative performance, by subject area, of United States and foreign students in postsecondary and graduate schools as compared to secondary schools.
"(F) The needs of the high technology sector for foreign workers with specific skills and the potential benefits and costs to United States employers, workers, consumers, postsecondary educational institutions, and the United States economy, from the entry of skilled foreign professionals in the fields of science and engineering.
"(G) The needs of the high technology sector to adapt products and services for export to particular local markets in foreign countries.
"(H) An examination of the amount and trend of moving the production or performance of products and services now occurring in the United States abroad.
"(2)
"(3)
Pub. L. 105–220, title III, subtitle C, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1087, as amended by Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(f) [title VIII, §401(15)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–337, 2681–412, known as the "Twenty-First Century Workforce Commission Act", which established the Commission to study all matters relating to the information technology workforce in the United States, including skills necessary to enter the information technology workforce, ways to expand the number of skilled information technology workers, and the relative efficacy of programs in the United States and foreign countries to train information technology workers, and to submit a report to the President and Congress of its findings, conclusions, and recommendations for legislative and administrative actions, and provided for powers of the Commission, compensation of members, employment of staff, authorization of appropriations, and termination of the Commission 90 days after submission of its final report, which was released June 27, 2000, was repealed by Pub. L. 113–128, title V, §511(a), July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1705, effective July 1, 2015.
The purposes of this chapter are to—
(1) improve the ability of workers and worker organizations to recognize, develop, assess, and improve strategies for successfully integrating workers and worker organizations into the process of evaluating, selecting, and implementing advanced workplace technologies, and advanced workplace practices in a manner that creates and maintains stable well-paying jobs for workers; and
(2) assist workers and worker organizations in developing the expertise necessary for effective participation with employers in the development of strategies and programs for the successful evaluation, selection, and implementation of advanced workplace technologies and advanced workplace practices through the provision of a range of education, training, and related services.
(Pub. L. 103–382, title V, §543, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4052.)
As used in this chapter:
The term "advanced workplace practices" means innovations in work organization and performance, including high-performance workplace systems, flexible production techniques, quality programs, continuous improvement, concurrent engineering, close relationships between suppliers and customers, widely diffused decisionmaking and work teams, and effective integration of production technology, worker skills and training, and workplace organization, and such other characteristics as determined appropriate by the Secretary of Labor, in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce.
The term "advanced workplace technologies" includes—
(A) numerically controlled machine tools, robots, automated process control equipment, computerized flexible manufacturing systems, associated computer software, and other technology for improving the manufacturing and industrial production of goods and commercial services, which advance the state-of-the-art; or
(B) novel industrial and commercial techniques and processes not previously generally available that improve quality, productivity, and practices, including engineering design, quality assurance, concurrent engineering, continuous process production technology, inventory management, upgraded worker skills, communications with customers and suppliers, and promotion of sustainable economic growth.
The term "Department" means the Department of Labor.
The term "nonprofit organization" means a tax-exempt organization, as described in paragraph (3), (4), or (5) of section 501(c) of title 26.
The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Labor.
The term "worker organization" means a labor organization within the meaning of section 501(c)(5) of title 26.
(Pub. L. 103–382, title V, §544, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4053.)
The Secretary of Labor, after consultation with the Secretary of Commerce, shall, to the extent appropriations are available, award grants to eligible entities to carry out the purposes described in section 2702 of this title.
To be eligible to receive a grant under this section, an entity shall—
(1) be a nonprofit organization, or a partnership consortium of such organizations;
(2) prepare and submit to the Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require, including a description of the activities that the entity will carry out using amounts received under the grant; and
(3) agree to make available (directly or through donations from public or private entities) non-Federal contributions toward the costs of the activities to be conducted with grant funds, in an amount equal to the amount required under subsection (d).
An entity shall use amounts received under a grant awarded under this section to carry out the purposes described in section 2702 of this title through activities such as—
(1) the provision of technical assistance to workers, worker organizations, employers, State economic development agencies, State industrial extension programs, Advanced Technology Centers, and National Manufacturing Technology Centers to identify advanced workplace practices and strategies that enhance the effective evaluation, selection, and implementation of advanced workplace technologies;
(2) the researching and identification of new and advanced workplace technologies, and advanced workplace practices that promote the improvement of workers' skills, wages, working conditions, and job security, that research the link between advanced workplace practices and long-term corporate performance, and which are consistent with the needs of local communities and the need for a healthy environment; and
(3) the development and dissemination of training programs and materials to be used for and by workers, worker organizations, employers, State economic development agencies, State industrial extension programs, Advanced Technology Centers, and National Manufacturing Technology Centers relating to the activities and services provided pursuant to paragraphs (1) and (2), and regarding successful practices including practices which address labor-management cooperation and the involvement of workers in the design, development, and implementation of workplace practices and technologies.
Grants awarded under this section shall be for a term not to exceed six years.
Amounts required to be contributed by an entity under subsection (b)(3) shall equal—
(A) an amount equal to 15 percent of the amount provided under the grant in the first year for which the grant is awarded;
(B) an amount equal to 20 percent of the amount provided under the grant in the second year for which the grant is awarded;
(C) an amount equal to 33 percent of the amount provided under the grant in the third year for which the grant is awarded;
(D) an amount equal to 40 percent of the amount provided under the grant in the fourth year for which the grant is awarded; and
(E) an amount equal to 50 percent of the amount provided under the grant in the fifth and sixth years for which the grant is awarded.
The Department shall develop mechanisms for evaluating the effectiveness of the use of a grant awarded under this section in carrying out the purposes under section 2702 of this title and, not later than two years after October 20, 1994, and every two years thereafter, prepare and submit a report to Congress concerning such evaluation.
(Pub. L. 103–382, title V, §545, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4053.)
The Secretary, in cooperation and after consultation with the Secretary of Commerce, shall assist workers, worker organizations, and employers in successfully adopting advanced workplace technologies, and advanced workplace practices by identifying, collecting, and disseminating information on best workplace practices and workplace assessment tools, including—
(A) methods, techniques, and successful models of labor-management cooperation and of worker and worker organization participation in the development, evaluation, selection, and implementation of new and advanced workplace technologies, and advanced workplace practices;
(B) methods, techniques, and successful models for the design and implementation of new and advanced workplace practices;
(C) methods, techniques, and successful models for the design and implementation of advanced forms of work organization; and
(D) methods, techniques, and successful models for the assessment of worker skills and training needs relating to the effective development, evaluation, selection, and implementation of advanced workplace technologies, and advanced workplace practices.
Such information on best workplace practices shall include—
(A) summaries and analyses of best practice cases;
(B) criteria for assessment of current workplace practices; and
(C) information on the best available education and training materials and services relating to the development, implementation, and operation of systems utilizing new and advanced workplace technologies, and advanced workplace practices.
The information and materials developed under this section shall be distributed through an appropriate entity designated by the Secretary of Commerce to the Regional Centers for the Transfer of Manufacturing Technology, to the Manufacturing Outreach Center, to other technology training entities, and directly to others as determined appropriate by the Secretary of Labor and the Secretary of Commerce.
(Pub. L. 103–382, title V, §546, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4055.)
There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this chapter such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 1995 through 1997.
Amounts appropriated under subsection (a) shall remain available until expended.
(Pub. L. 103–382, title V, §547, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4055.)